diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index de206bd..0000000
--- a/LICENSE.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-Copyright (c) 2009, David Mayerich
-All rights reserved.
-
-Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
-
-1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
-   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
-   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
-   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-
-THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
-ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
-WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
-DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
-ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
-(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
-LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
-ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
-SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-The views and conclusions contained in the software and documentation are those
-of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies,
-either expressed or implied, of the FreeBSD Project.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/biology/fibernet.h b/biology/fibernet.h
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/biology/fibernet.h
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/cuda/callable.h b/cuda/callable.h
deleted file mode 100644
index eefc437..0000000
--- a/cuda/callable.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef CUDA_CALLABLE
-
-//define the CUDA_CALLABLE macro (will prefix all members)
-#ifdef __CUDACC__
-#define CUDA_CALLABLE __host__ __device__
-#else
-#define CUDA_CALLABLE
-#endif
-
-#endif
diff --git a/cuda/cost.h b/cuda/cost.h
deleted file mode 100644
index db5b7c2..0000000
--- a/cuda/cost.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <cuda.h>
-#include <cuda_runtime.h>
-#include <cublas_v2.h>
-#include "cuPrintf.cu"
-#include "cuPrintf.cuh"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include "../visualization/colormap.h"
-
-#define DIM_Y 10890
-#define DIM_X 20
-typedef unsigned char uchar;
-//surface<void, 2> texOut; ///// maybe just do a normal array instead of a surface.
-		//we may not need a surface at all.
-//texture<float, cudaTextureType2D, cudaReadModeElementType> texTemplate 
-texture<uchar, cudaTextureType2D, cudaReadModeElementType> texIn;
-float *result;
-float* v_dif;
-cudaArray* srcArray;
-bool testing = false;
-
-inline void checkCUDAerrors(const char *msg)
-{
-	cudaError_t err = cudaGetLastError();
-	if (cudaSuccess != err){
-		fprintf(stderr, "Cuda error: %s: %s.\n", msg, cudaGetErrorString(err) );
-		exit(1);
-		}
-}
-
-
-float get_sum(float *diff)
-{
-
-	cublasStatus_t ret;
-	cublasHandle_t handle;
-	ret = cublasCreate(&handle);
-	
-	ret = cublasSetVector(20*10, sizeof(*diff), diff, 1, v_dif, 1);
-	if(!testing){
-		stim::gpu2image<float>(v_dif, "sample0.bmp", 20,10,0,1);
-		testing = true;
-	}	//float* out = (float*) malloc(sizeof(float));
-	float out;
-	ret = cublasSasum(handle, 20*10, v_dif, 1, &out);
-	cublasDestroy(handle);
-	return out;
-}
-
-__device__ float Template(int x)
-{
-	if(x < 20/6 || x > 20*5/6 || (x > 20*2/6 && x < 20*4/6)){
-		return 1.0;
-	}else{
-		return 0.0;
-	}
-
-}
-
-__global__
-void get_diff (float *result)
-{	
-	//cuPrintf("Hello");
-	int x 	= threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;
-	int y 	= threadIdx.y + blockIdx.y * blockDim.y;
-	int idx = y*DIM_X+x;	
-
-	//float valIn		= tex2D(texIn, x, y);
-	float valIn		= tex2D(texIn, x, y)/255.0;
-	float valTemp		= Template(x);
-	result[idx] 		= abs(valIn-valTemp);
-	//result[idx] 		= abs(valTemp);
-//	#if __CUDA_ARCH__>=200
-//		printf("Value is : %f\n and the result is : %f\n", valIn, result[idx]);
-//	#endif
-	//cuPrintf("Value is : %f\n and the result is : %f\n", valIn, result[idx]);
-}
-
-
-
-
-void initArray(cudaGraphicsResource_t src)
-{
-	//cudaChannelFormatDesc channelDesc = cudaCreateChannelDesc<uchar> ();
-	//cudaMallocArray(&result, &channelDesc, DIM_X, DIM_Y, 0);
-	//HANDLE_ERROR(
-	//	cudaGraphicsGLRegisterImage(&src,
-	//		fboID,
-	//		GL_TEXTURE_2D,
-	HANDLE_ERROR(
-		cudaGraphicsMapResources(1, &src)	
-	);
-	HANDLE_ERROR(
-		cudaGraphicsSubResourceGetMappedArray(&srcArray, src,0,0)
-		);
-	HANDLE_ERROR(
-		cudaBindTextureToArray(texIn, srcArray)
-		);
-	cudaMalloc( (void**) &result, DIM_X*DIM_Y*sizeof(float));
-        checkCUDAerrors("Memory Allocation Issue 1");	
-	cudaMalloc((void **) &v_dif, 20*10*sizeof(float));
-        checkCUDAerrors("Memory Allocation Issue 2");	
-	//HANDLE_ERROR(
-	//	cudaBindTextureToArray(texIn, ptr, &channelDesc)
-	//	    );		
-}
-
-void cleanUP(cudaGraphicsResource_t src)
-{
-	HANDLE_ERROR(
-		cudaUnbindTexture(texIn)
-	);
-	HANDLE_ERROR(
-		cudaFree(result)
-	);
-	HANDLE_ERROR(
-		cudaGraphicsUnmapResources(1,&src)
-	);
-	HANDLE_ERROR(
-		cudaFree(v_dif)
-	);
-}
-
-extern "C"
-int get_cost(cudaGraphicsResource_t src)
-{
-	float output[1089];
-	float mini = 10000000000000000.0;
-	int idx;
-	initArray(src);
-	dim3 grid(20, 10890);
-	dim3 block(1, 1);
-	//texIn.normalized = 1;	
-	get_diff <<< grid, block >>> (result);
-	stim::gpu2image<float>(result, "test.bmp", 20,10890,0,1);
-	for (int i = 0; i < 1089; i++){
-		output[i] = get_sum(result+(20*10*i));
-		if(output[i] < mini){
-			mini = output[i];
-			idx = i;
-		}	
-	}
-	std::cout << output[0] << std::endl;
-	std::cout << output[100] << std::endl;
-	std::cout << output[500] << std::endl;
-	std::cout << output[1000] << std::endl;
-	std::cout << idx << std::endl;
-	cleanUP(src);
-	return idx;
-}
diff --git a/cuda/devices.h b/cuda/devices.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 4dce378..0000000
--- a/cuda/devices.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_CUDA_DEVICES
-#define RTS_CUDA_DEVICES
-
-#include <cuda.h>
-
-namespace stim{
-
-int maxThreadsPerBlock()
-{
-	int device;
-	cudaGetDevice(&device);		//get the id of the current device
-	cudaDeviceProp props;		//device property structure
-	cudaGetDeviceProperties(&props, device);
-	return props.maxThreadsPerBlock;
-}
-}	//end namespace rts
-
-#endif
diff --git a/cuda/error.h b/cuda/error.h
deleted file mode 100644
index b49cf4b..0000000
--- a/cuda/error.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-#include "cuda_runtime.h"
-#include "device_launch_parameters.h"
-#include "cufft.h"
-
-#ifndef CUDA_HANDLE_ERROR_H
-#define CUDA_HANDLE_ERROR_H
-
-//handle error macro
-static void HandleError( cudaError_t err, const char *file,  int line ) {
-   	if (err != cudaSuccess) {
-			//FILE* outfile = fopen("cudaErrorLog.txt", "w");
-      		//fprintf(outfile,  "%s in %s at line %d\n", cudaGetErrorString( err ),  file, line );
-			//fclose(outfile);
-            printf("%s in %s at line %d\n", cudaGetErrorString( err ),  file, line );
-       		//exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
-
-   	}
-}
-#define HANDLE_ERROR( err ) (HandleError( err, __FILE__, __LINE__ ))
-
-static void CufftError( cufftResult err )
-{
-    if (err != CUFFT_SUCCESS)
-    {
-        if(err == CUFFT_INVALID_PLAN)
-            cout<<"The plan parameter is not a valid handle."<<endl;
-        else if(err == CUFFT_ALLOC_FAILED)
-            cout<<"Allocation failed."<<endl;
-        else if(err == CUFFT_INVALID_VALUE)
-            cout<<"At least one of the parameters idata, odata, and direction is not valid."<<endl;
-        else if(err == CUFFT_INTERNAL_ERROR)
-            cout<<"An internal driver error was detected."<<endl;
-        else if(err == CUFFT_EXEC_FAILED)
-            cout<<"CUFFT failed to execute the transform on the GPU."<<endl;
-        else if(err == CUFFT_SETUP_FAILED)
-            cout<<"The CUFFT library failed to initialize."<<endl;
-        else
-            cout<<"Unknown error: "<<err<<endl;
-
-    }
-}
-
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/cuda/glbind.h b/cuda/glbind.h
deleted file mode 100644
index bd841cc..0000000
--- a/cuda/glbind.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_GL_BIND_H
-#define RTS_GL_BIND_H
-
-#include <GL/glew.h>
-#include <GL/gl.h>
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <cstring>
-
-//#include <cudaHandleError.h>
-#include "cuda_gl_interop.h"
-#include "../gl/error.h"
-
-namespace stim
-{
-
-static void InitGLEW()
-{
-	//Initialize the GLEW toolkit
-
-	GLenum err = glewInit();
-	if(GLEW_OK != err)
-	{
-		printf("Error starting GLEW.");
-	}
-	fprintf(stdout, "Status: Using GLEW %s\n", glewGetString(GLEW_VERSION));
-}
-
-static void cudaSetDevice(int major = 1, int minor = 3)
-{
-	cudaDeviceProp prop;
-	int dev;
-
-	//find a CUDA device that can handle an offscreen buffer
-	int num_gpu;
-	HANDLE_ERROR(cudaGetDeviceCount(&num_gpu));
-	printf("Number of CUDA devices detected: %d\n", num_gpu);
-	memset(&prop, 0, sizeof(cudaDeviceProp));
-	prop.major=major;
-	prop.minor=minor;
-	HANDLE_ERROR(cudaChooseDevice(&dev, &prop));
-	HANDLE_ERROR(cudaGetDeviceProperties(&prop, dev));
-	HANDLE_ERROR(cudaGLSetGLDevice(dev));
-}
-
-static void* cudaMapResource(cudaGraphicsResource* cudaBufferResource)
-{
-	//this function takes a predefined CUDA resource and maps it to a pointer
-	void* buffer;
-	HANDLE_ERROR(cudaGraphicsMapResources(1, &cudaBufferResource, NULL));
-	size_t size;
-	HANDLE_ERROR(cudaGraphicsResourceGetMappedPointer( (void**)&buffer, &size, cudaBufferResource));
-	return buffer;
-}
-static void cudaUnmapResource(cudaGraphicsResource* resource)
-{
-	//this function unmaps the CUDA resource so it can be used by OpenGL
-	HANDLE_ERROR(cudaGraphicsUnmapResources(1, &resource, NULL));
-}
-
-static void cudaCreateRenderBuffer(GLuint &glBufferName, cudaGraphicsResource* &cudaBufferResource, int resX, int resY)
-{
-	//delete the previous buffer name and resource
-	if(cudaBufferResource != 0)
-		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaGraphicsUnregisterResource(cudaBufferResource));
-	if(glBufferName != 0)
-		glDeleteBuffers(1, &glBufferName);
-
-	//generate an OpenGL offscreen buffer
-	glGenBuffers(1, &glBufferName);
-
-	//bind the buffer - directs all calls to this buffer
-	glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, glBufferName);
-	glBufferData(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, resX * resY * sizeof(uchar3), NULL, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW_ARB);
-	CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-	HANDLE_ERROR(cudaGraphicsGLRegisterBuffer(&cudaBufferResource, glBufferName, cudaGraphicsMapFlagsNone));
-}
-}
-#endif
diff --git a/cuda/threads.h b/cuda/threads.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 87c443e..0000000
--- a/cuda/threads.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-#include "cuda_runtime.h"
-#include "device_launch_parameters.h"
-#include "../cuda/callable.h"
-
-#ifndef CUDA_THREADS_H
-#define CUDA_THREADS_H
-
-#define MAX_GRID        65535
-
-__device__ unsigned int ThreadIndex1D()
-{
-    return blockIdx.y * gridDim.x * blockDim.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-}
-
-dim3 GenGrid1D(unsigned int N, unsigned int blocksize = 128)
-{
-    dim3 dimgrid;
-
-    dimgrid.x = (N + blocksize - 1)/blocksize;
-    dimgrid.y = 1;
-    dimgrid.z = 1;
-
-    if(dimgrid.x > MAX_GRID)
-    {
-        dimgrid.y = (dimgrid.x + MAX_GRID - 1) / MAX_GRID;
-        dimgrid.x = MAX_GRID;
-    }
-
-    return dimgrid;
-
-}
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/cuda/timer.h b/cuda/timer.h
deleted file mode 100644
index fd2786d..0000000
--- a/cuda/timer.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-static cudaEvent_t tStartEvent;
-static cudaEvent_t tStopEvent;
-
-static void gpuStartTimer()
-{
-	//set up timing events
-	cudaEventCreate(&tStartEvent);
-	cudaEventCreate(&tStopEvent);
-	cudaEventRecord(tStartEvent, 0);
-}
-
-static float gpuStopTimer()
-{
-	cudaEventRecord(tStopEvent, 0);
-	cudaEventSynchronize(tStopEvent);
-	float elapsedTime;
-	cudaEventElapsedTime(&elapsedTime, tStartEvent, tStopEvent);
-	cudaEventDestroy(tStartEvent);
-	cudaEventDestroy(tStopEvent);
-	return elapsedTime;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/envi/bil.h b/envi/bil.h
deleted file mode 100644
index a770292..0000000
--- a/envi/bil.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,992 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef STIM_BIL_H
-#define STIM_BIL_H
-
-#include "../envi/envi_header.h"
-#include "../envi/binary.h"
-#include <cstring>
-#include <utility>
-
-namespace stim{
-
-/**
-	The BIL class represents a 3-dimensional binary file stored using band interleaved by line (BIL) image encoding. The binary file is stored
-	such that X-Z "frames" are stored sequentially to form an image stack along the y-axis. When accessing the data sequentially on disk,
-	the dimensions read, from fastest to slowest, are X, Z, Y.
-
-	This class is optimized for data streaming, and therefore supports extremely large (terabyte-scale) files. Data is loaded from disk
-	on request. Functions used to access data are written to support efficient reading.
-*/
-
-template <typename T>
-
-class bil: public binary<T> {
-
-protected:
-	
-	std::vector<double> w;		//band wavelength
-
-public:
-
-	using binary<T>::open;
-	using binary<T>::file;
-	using binary<T>::R;
-
-	/// Open a data file for reading using the class interface.
-
-	/// @param filename is the name of the binary file on disk
-	/// @param X is the number of samples along dimension 1
-	/// @param Y is the number of samples (lines) along dimension 2
-	/// @param B is the number of samples (bands) along dimension 3
-	/// @param header_offset is the number of bytes (if any) in the binary header
-	/// @param wavelengths is an optional STL vector of size B specifying a numerical label for each band
-	bool open(std::string filename, unsigned int X, unsigned int Y, unsigned int B, unsigned int header_offset, std::vector<double> wavelengths){
-
-		w = wavelengths;
-
-		return open(filename, vec<unsigned int>(X, Y, B), header_offset);
-
-	}
-
-	/// Retrieve a single band (based on index) and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to an allocated region of memory at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
-	/// @param page <= B is the integer number of the band to be copied.
-	bool band_index( T * p, unsigned int page){
-
-		unsigned int L = R[0] * sizeof(T);		//caculate the number of bytes in a sample line
-		unsigned int jump = R[0] * (R[2] - 1) * sizeof(T);
-
-		if (page >= R[2]){										//make sure the bank number is right
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: page out of range"<<std::endl;
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		file.seekg(R[0] * page * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
-		for (unsigned i = 0; i < R[1]; i++)
-		{
-			file.read((char *)(p + i * R[0]), L);
-			file.seekg( jump, std::ios::cur);
-		}
-
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Retrieve a single band (by numerical label) and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to an allocated region of memory at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
-	/// @param wavelength is a floating point value (usually a wavelength in spectral data) used as a label for the band to be copied.
-	bool band( T * p, double wavelength){
-
-		//if there are no wavelengths in the BSQ file
-		if(w.size() == 0)
-			return band_index(p, (unsigned int)wavelength);
-
-		unsigned int XY = R[0] * R[1];	//calculate the number of pixels in a band
-		unsigned int S = XY * sizeof(T);		//calculate the number of bytes of a band
-
-		unsigned page=0;                      //bands around the wavelength
-		
-
-		//get the bands numbers around the wavelength
-
-		//if wavelength is smaller than the first one in header file
-		if ( w[page] > wavelength ){
-			band_index(p, page);
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		while( w[page] < wavelength )
-		{
-			page++;
-			//if wavelength is larger than the last wavelength in header file
-			if (page == R[2]) {
-				band_index(p, R[2]-1);
-				return true;
-			}
-		}
-		if ( wavelength < w[page] )
-		{
-			T * p1;
-			T * p2;
-			p1=(T*)malloc(S);                     //memory allocation
-			p2=(T*)malloc(S);
-			band_index(p1, page - 1);
-			band_index(p2, page );
-			for(unsigned i=0; i < XY; i++){
-				double r = (double) (wavelength - w[page-1]) / (double) (w[page] - w[page-1]);
-				p[i] = (p2[i] - p1[i]) * r + p1[i];
-			}
-			free(p1);
-			free(p2);
-		}
-		else                           //if the wavelength is equal to a wavelength in header file
-		{
-			band_index(p, page);
-		}
-
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	//get YZ line from the a Y slice, Y slice data should be already IN the MEMORY
-	bool getYZ(T* p, T* c, double wavelength)
-	{
-		unsigned int X = R[0];	//calculate the number of pixels in a sample
-		unsigned int B = R[2];
-		unsigned int L = X * sizeof(T);
-
-		unsigned page=0;                      //samples around the wavelength
-		T * p1;
-		T * p2;
-
-		//get the bands numbers around the wavelength
-
-		//if wavelength is smaller than the first one in header file
-		if ( w[page] > wavelength ){
-			memcpy(p, c, L);	
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		while( w[page] < wavelength )
-		{
-			page++;
-			//if wavelength is larger than the last wavelength in header file
-			if (page == B) {
-				memcpy(p, c + (B - 1) * X, L);
-				return true;
-			}
-		}
-		if ( wavelength < w[page] )
-		{
-			p1=(T*)malloc( L );                     //memory allocation
-			p2=(T*)malloc( L );
-
-			memcpy(p1, c + (page - 1) * X, L);
-			memcpy(p2, c + page * X, L);
-			
-			for(unsigned i=0; i < X; i++){
-				double r = (double) (wavelength - w[page-1]) / (double) (w[page] - w[page-1]);
-				p[i] = (p2[i] - p1[i]) * r + p1[i];
-			}
-		}
-		else                           //if the wavelength is equal to a wavelength in header file		
-			memcpy(p, c + page * X, L);
-		
-		return true;		
-	}
-
-	/// Retrieve a single spectrum (B-axis line) at a given (x, y) location and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory at least B * sizeof(T) in size.
-	/// @param x is the x-coordinate (dimension 1) of the spectrum.
-	/// @param y is the y-coordinate (dimension 2) of the spectrum.
-	bool spectrum(T * p, unsigned x, unsigned y){
-
-		if ( x >= R[0] || y >= R[1]){							//make sure the sample and line number is right
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: sample or line out of range"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-
-		unsigned jump = (R[0] - 1) * sizeof(T);
-
-		file.seekg((y * R[0] * R[2] + x) * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
-
-		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[2]; i++)
-		{       
-			//point to the certain sample and line		
-			file.read((char *)(p + i), sizeof(T));
-			file.seekg(jump, std::ios::cur);  
-		}	
-
-		return true;	
-	}
-
-	/// Retrieve a single pixel and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory at least sizeof(T) in size.
-	/// @param n is an integer index to the pixel using linear array indexing.
-	bool pixel(T * p, unsigned n){
-
-		//calculate the corresponding x, y
-		unsigned int x = n % R[0];
-		unsigned int y = n / R[0];
-
-		//get the pixel
-		return spectrum(p, x, y);
-	}
-	
-	//given a Y ,return a XZ slice
-	bool getY(T * p, unsigned y)
-	{
-		if ( y >= R[1]){							//make sure the line number is right
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: line out of range"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}	
-		
-		file.seekg(y * R[2] * R[0] * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
-		file.read((char *)p, sizeof(T) * R[2] * R[0]);
-		
-		return true;
-		
-	}
-		
-	/// Perform baseline correction given a list of baseline points and stores the result in a new BSQ file.
-
-	/// @param outname is the name of the output file used to store the resulting baseline-corrected data.
-	/// @param wls is the list of baseline points based on band labels.
-	bool baseline(std::string outname, std::vector<double> wls){
-	
-		unsigned N = wls.size();			//get the number of baseline points
-		
-		std::ofstream target(outname.c_str(), std::ios::binary);	//open the target binary file
-		std::string headername = outname + ".hdr";              //the header file name		
-		
-		//simplify image resolution
-		unsigned int ZX = R[2] * R[0];		//calculate the number of points in a Y slice
-		unsigned int L = ZX * sizeof(T);			//calculate the number of bytes of a Y slice
-		unsigned int B = R[2];
-		unsigned int X = R[0];
-		
-		T* c;			//pointer to the current Y slice
-		c = (T*)malloc(L);  //memory allocation
-		
-		T* a;			//pointer to the two YZ lines surrounding the current YZ line
-		T* b;
-		
-		a = (T*)malloc(X * sizeof(T));
-		b = (T*)malloc(X * sizeof(T));
-
-
-		double ai, bi;	//stores the two baseline points wavelength surrounding the current band
-		double ci;		//stores the current band's wavelength
-		unsigned control;
-
-		if (a == NULL || b == NULL || c == NULL){
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: error allocating memory";
-			exit(1);
-		}
-	//	loop start	correct every y slice
-		
-		for (unsigned k =0; k < R[1]; k++)
-		{
-			//get the current y slice
-			getY(c, k);
-		
-			//initialize lownum, highnum, low, high		
-			ai = w[0];
-			control=0;
-			//if no baseline point is specified at band 0,
-			//set the baseline point at band 0 to 0
-			if(wls[0] != w[0]){
-				bi = wls[control];			
-				memset(a, (char)0, X * sizeof(T) );
-			}
-			//else get the low band
-			else{
-				control++;
-				getYZ(a, c, ai);
-				bi = wls[control];
-			}
-			//get the high band
-			getYZ(b, c, bi);
-		
-			//correct every YZ line
-			
-			for(unsigned cii = 0; cii < B; cii++){
-
-				//update baseline points, if necessary
-				if( w[cii] >= bi && cii != B - 1) {
-					//if the high band is now on the last BL point
-					if (control != N-1) {
-	
-						control++;		//increment the index
-	
-						std::swap(a, b);	//swap the baseline band pointers
-	
-						ai = bi;
-						bi = wls[control];
-						getYZ(b, c, bi);
-	
-					}
-					//if the last BL point on the last band of the file?
-					else if ( wls[control] < w[B - 1]) {
-	
-						std::swap(a, b);	//swap the baseline band pointers
-	
-						memset(b, (char)0, X * sizeof(T) );	//clear the high band
-	
-						ai = bi;
-						bi = w[B - 1];
-					}
-				}
-			
-				ci = w[cii];
-				
-				unsigned jump = cii * X;
-				//perform the baseline correction
-				for(unsigned i=0; i < X; i++)
-				{
-					double r = (double) (ci - ai) / (double) (bi - ai);
-					c[i + jump] =(T) ( c[i + jump] - (b[i] - a[i]) * r - a[i] );
-				}
-				
-			}//loop for YZ line end  
-			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(c), L);   //write the corrected data into destination	
-		}//loop for Y slice end		
-		
-		free(a);
-		free(b);
-		free(c);
-		target.close();
-		return true;	
-		
-	}
-		
-	/// Normalize all spectra based on the value of a single band, storing the result in a new BSQ file.
-
-	/// @param outname is the name of the output file used to store the resulting baseline-corrected data.
-	///	@param w is the label specifying the band that the hyperspectral image will be normalized to.
-	///	@param t is a threshold specified such that a spectrum with a value at w less than t is set to zero. Setting this threshold allows the user to limit division by extremely small numbers.
-	bool normalize(std::string outname, double w, double t = 0.0)
-	{
-		unsigned int B = R[2];		//calculate the number of bands
-		unsigned int Y = R[1];
-		unsigned int X = R[0];
-		unsigned int ZX = R[2] * R[0];
-		unsigned int XY = R[0] * R[1];	//calculate the number of pixels in a band
-		unsigned int S = XY * sizeof(T);		//calculate the number of bytes in a band		
-		unsigned int L = ZX * sizeof(T);
-
-		std::ofstream target(outname.c_str(), std::ios::binary);	//open the target binary file
-		std::string headername = outname + ".hdr";              //the header file name
-
-		T * c;				//pointer to the current ZX slice
-		T * b;				//pointer to the standard band
-
-		b = (T*)malloc( S );     //memory allocation
-		c = (T*)malloc( L ); 
-
-		band(b, w);             //get the certain band into memory
-
-		for(unsigned j = 0; j < Y; j++)
-		{
-			getY(c, j);
-			for(unsigned i = 0; i < B; i++)
-			{
-				for(unsigned m = 0; m < X; m++)
-				{
-					if( b[m + j * X] < t )
-						c[m + i * X] = (T)0.0;
-					else
-						c[m + i * X] = c[m + i * X] / b[m + j * X];
-				}								
-			}
-			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(c), L);   //write normalized data into destination
-		}
-		
-		free(b);
-		free(c);
-		target.close();
-		return true;
-	}
-	
-	/// Convert the current BIL file to a BSQ file with the specified file name.
-
-	/// @param outname is the name of the output BSQ file to be saved to disk.
-	bool bsq(std::string outname)
-	{
-		unsigned int S = R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T);		//calculate the number of bytes in a band
-		
-		std::ofstream target(outname.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
-		std::string headername = outname + ".hdr";
-		
-		T * p;			//pointer to the current band
-		p = (T*)malloc(S);
-		
-		for ( unsigned i = 0; i < R[2]; i++)
-		{			
-				band_index(p, i);
-				target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(p), S);   //write a band data into target file	
-		}
-
-		free(p);
-		target.close();
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Convert the current BIL file to a BIP file with the specified file name.
-
-	/// @param outname is the name of the output BIP file to be saved to disk.
-	bool bip(std::string outname)
-	{
-		unsigned int S = R[0] * R[2] * sizeof(T);		//calculate the number of bytes in a ZX slice
-		
-		std::ofstream target(outname.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
-		std::string headername = outname + ".hdr";
-		
-		T * p;			//pointer to the current XZ slice for bil file
-		p = (T*)malloc(S);
-		T * q;			//pointer to the current ZX slice for bip file
-		q = (T*)malloc(S);
-		
-		for ( unsigned i = 0; i < R[1]; i++)
-		{			
-			getY(p, i);
-			for ( unsigned k = 0; k < R[2]; k++)
-			{
-				unsigned ks = k * R[0];
-				for ( unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++)
-					q[k + j * R[2]] = p[ks + j];
-			}
-			
-			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(q), S);   //write a band data into target file	
-		}
-
-
-		free(p);
-		free(q);
-		target.close();
-		return true;
-	}
-
-
-	/// Return a baseline corrected band given two adjacent baseline points and their bands. The result is stored in a pre-allocated array.
-
-	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
-	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
-	/// @param lp is a pointer to an array holding the band image for the left baseline point
-	/// @param rp is a pointer to an array holding the band image for the right baseline point
-	/// @param wavelength is the label value for the requested baseline-corrected band
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
-	bool baseline_band(double lb, double rb, T* lp, T* rp, double wavelength, T* result){
-
-		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
-		band(result, wavelength);		//get band
-
-		//perform the baseline correction
-		double r = (double) (wavelength - lb) / (double) (rb - lb);
-		for(unsigned i=0; i < XY; i++){
-			result[i] =(T) (result[i] - (rp[i] - lp[i]) * r - lp[i] );
-		}
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Return a baseline corrected band given two adjacent baseline points. The result is stored in a pre-allocated array.
-
-	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
-	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
-	/// @param bandwavelength is the label value for the desired baseline-corrected band
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
-	bool height(double lb, double rb, double bandwavelength, T* result){
-
-		T* lp;
-		T* rp;
-		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
-		unsigned S = XY * sizeof(T);
-		lp = (T*) malloc(S);			//memory allocation
-		rp = (T*) malloc(S);
-
-		band(lp, lb);
-		band(rp, rb);		
-
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, bandwavelength, result);
-
-		free(lp);
-		free(rp);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-
-
-	/// Calculate the area under the spectrum between two specified points and stores the result in a pre-allocated array.
-
-	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
-	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
-	/// @param lab is the label value for the left bound (start of the integration)
-	/// @param rab is the label value for the right bound (end of the integration)
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
-	bool area(double lb, double rb, double lab, double rab, T* result){
-
-		T* lp;	//left band pointer
-		T* rp;	//right band pointer
-		T* cur;		//current band 1
-		T* cur2;	//current band 2
-
-		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
-		unsigned S = XY * sizeof(T);
-
-		lp = (T*) malloc(S);			//memory allocation
-		rp = (T*) malloc(S);
-		cur = (T*) malloc(S);
-		cur2 = (T*) malloc(S);
-
-		memset(result, (char)0, S);
-
-		//find the wavelenght position in the whole band
-		unsigned int n = w.size();
-		unsigned int ai = 0;		//left bound position
-		unsigned int bi = n - 1;		//right bound position
-
-
-
-		//to make sure the left and the right bound are in the bandwidth
-		if (lb < w[0] || rb < w[0] || lb > w[n-1] || rb >w[n-1]){
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: left bound or right bound out of bandwidth"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		//to make sure rigth bound is bigger than left bound
-		else if(lb > rb){
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: right bound should be bigger than left bound"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-
-		//get the position of lb and rb
-		while (lab >= w[ai]){
-			ai++;
-		}
-		while (rab <= w[bi]){
-			bi--;
-		}
-
-		band(lp, lb);
-		band(rp, rb);
-
-		//calculate the beginning and the ending part
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, rab, cur2);		//ending part
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[bi], cur);
-		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){
-			result[j] += (rab - w[bi]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 2.0;
-		}
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, lab, cur2);		//beginnning part
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur);
-		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){	
-			result[j] += (w[ai] - lab) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 2.0;
-		}
-
-		//calculate the area
-		ai++;
-		for(unsigned i = ai; i <= bi ;i++)
-		{
-			baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur2);
-			for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++)
-			{
-				result[j] += (w[ai] - w[ai-1]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 2.0; 
-			}
-			std::swap(cur,cur2);		//swap the band pointers
-		}
-
-		free(lp);
-		free(rp);
-		free(cur);
-		free(cur2);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Compute the ratio of two baseline-corrected peaks. The result is stored in a pre-allocated array.
-
-	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param pos1 is the label value for the first peak (numerator) position
-	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param pos2 is the label value for the second peak (denominator) position
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
-	bool ph_to_ph(double lb1, double rb1, double pos1, double lb2, double rb2, double pos2, T * result){
-
-		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		
-		//get the two peak band
-		height(lb1, rb1, pos1, p1);
-		height(lb2, rb2, pos2, p2);
-		//calculate the ratio in result
-		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
-			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
-				result[i] = 1;
-			else
-				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
-		}
-
-		free(p1);
-		free(p2);
-		return true;	
-	}
-	
-	/// Compute the ratio between a peak area and peak height.
-
-	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param pos1 is the label value for the first peak (numerator) position
-	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param pos2 is the label value for the second peak (denominator) position
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
-	bool pa_to_ph(double lb1, double rb1, double lab1, double rab1,
-					double lb2, double rb2, double pos, T* result){
-		
-		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		
-		//get the area and the peak band
-		area(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, p1);
-		height(lb2, rb2, pos, p2);
-		//calculate the ratio in result
-		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
-			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
-				result[i] = 1;
-			else
-				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
-		}
-
-		free(p1);
-		free(p2);
-		return true;	
-	}		
-	
-	/// Compute the ratio between two peak areas.
-
-	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param lab1 is the label value for the left bound (start of the integration) of the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param rab1 is the label value for the right bound (end of the integration) of the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param lab2 is the label value for the left bound (start of the integration) of the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param rab2 is the label value for the right bound (end of the integration) of the second peak (denominator)	
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
-	bool pa_to_pa(double lb1, double rb1, double lab1, double rab1,
-					double lb2, double rb2, double lab2, double rab2, T* result){
-		
-		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		
-		//get the area and the peak band
-		area(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, p1);
-		area(lb2, rb2, lab2, rab2, p2);
-		//calculate the ratio in result
-		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
-			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
-				result[i] = 1;
-			else
-				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
-		}
-
-		free(p1);
-		free(p2);
-		return true;	
-	}		
-
-	/// Compute the definite integral of a baseline corrected peak.
-
-	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
-	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
-	/// @param lab is the label for the start of the definite integral
-	/// @param rab is the label for the end of the definite integral
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
-	bool x_area(double lb, double rb, double lab, double rab, T* result){
-		T* lp;	//left band pointer
-		T* rp;	//right band pointer
-		T* cur;		//current band 1
-		T* cur2;	//current band 2
-
-		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
-		unsigned S = XY * sizeof(T);
-
-		lp = (T*) malloc(S);			//memory allocation
-		rp = (T*) malloc(S);
-		cur = (T*) malloc(S);
-		cur2 = (T*) malloc(S);
-
-		memset(result, (char)0, S);
-
-		//find the wavelenght position in the whole band
-		unsigned int n = w.size();
-		unsigned int ai = 0;		//left bound position
-		unsigned int bi = n - 1;		//right bound position
-
-		//to make sure the left and the right bound are in the bandwidth
-		if (lb < w[0] || rb < w[0] || lb > w[n-1] || rb >w[n-1]){
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: left bound or right bound out of bandwidth"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		//to make sure rigth bound is bigger than left bound
-		else if(lb > rb){
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: right bound should be bigger than left bound"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-
-		//get the position of lb and rb
-		while (lab >= w[ai]){
-			ai++;
-		}
-		while (rab <= w[bi]){
-			bi--;
-		}
-
-		band(lp, lb);
-		band(rp, rb);
-
-		//calculate the beginning and the ending part
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, rab, cur2);		//ending part
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[bi], cur);
-		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){
-			result[j] += (rab - w[bi]) * (rab + w[bi]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 4.0;
-		}
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, lab, cur2);		//beginnning part
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur);
-		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){	
-			result[j] += (w[ai] - lab) * (w[ai] + lab) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 4.0;
-		}
-
-		//calculate f(x) times x
-		ai++;
-		for(unsigned i = ai; i <= bi ;i++)
-		{
-			baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur2);
-			for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++)
-			{
-				result[j] += (w[ai] - w[ai-1]) * (w[ai] + w[ai-1]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 4.0; 
-			}
-			std::swap(cur,cur2);		//swap the band pointers
-		}
-
-		free(lp);
-		free(rp);
-		free(cur);
-		free(cur2);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Compute the centroid of a baseline corrected peak.
-
-	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
-	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
-	/// @param lab is the label for the start of the peak
-	/// @param rab is the label for the end of the peak
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
-	bool cpoint(double lb, double rb, double lab, double rab, T* result){
-		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		
-		//get the area and the peak band
-		x_area(lb, rb, lab, rab, p1);
-		area(lb, rb, lab, rab, p2);
-		//calculate the ratio in result
-		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
-			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
-				result[i] = 1;
-			else
-				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
-		}
-
-		free(p1);
-		free(p2);
-		return true;	
-	}
-
-	/// Create a mask based on a given band and threshold value.
-
-	/// All pixels in the
-	/// specified band greater than the threshold are true and all pixels less than the threshold are false.
-	/// @param mask_band is the band used to specify the mask
-	/// @param threshold is the threshold used to determine if the mask value is true or false
-	/// @param p is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y in size
-	bool build_mask(double mask_band, double threshold, unsigned char* p){
-
-		T* temp = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));		//allocate memory for the certain band
-		band(temp, mask_band);
-
-		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++) {
-				if (temp[i] < threshold)
-					p[i] = 0;
-				else
-					p[i] = 255;
-		}
-
-		free(temp);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Apply a mask file to the BSQ image, setting all values outside the mask to zero.
-
-	/// @param outfile is the name of the masked output file
-	/// @param p is a pointer to memory of size X * Y, where p(i) = 0 for pixels that will be set to zero.
-	bool apply_mask(std::string outfile, unsigned char* p){
-
-		std::ofstream target(outfile.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
-
-		unsigned XZ = R[0] * R[2];		//calculate number of a band
-		unsigned L = XZ * sizeof(T);
-
-		T * temp = (T*)malloc(L);
-
-		for (unsigned i = 0; i < R[1]; i++)
-		{
-			getY(temp, i);
-			for ( unsigned j = 0; j < R[2]; j++)
-			{
-				for (unsigned k = 0; k < R[0]; k++)
-				{
-				if(p[i * R[0] + k] == 0)
-					temp[j * R[0] + k] = 0;
-				else
-					continue;
-				}
-			}
-			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(temp), L);   //write a band data into target file	
-		}
-		target.close();
-		free(temp);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Calculate the mean band value (average along B) at each pixel location.
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to memory of size X * Y * sizeof(T) that will store the band averages.
-	bool band_avg(T* p){
-		unsigned long long XZ = R[0] * R[2];
-		T* temp = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * XZ);
-		T* line = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * R[0]);
-
-		for (unsigned i = 0; i < R[1]; i++){
-			getY(temp, i);
-			//initialize x-line
-			for (unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++){
-				line[j] = 0;
-			}
-			unsigned c = 0;
-			for (unsigned j = 0; j < R[2]; j++){
-				for (unsigned k = 0; k < R[0]; k++){
-					line[k] += temp[c] / (T)R[2];
-					c++;
-				}
-			}
-			for (unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++){
-				p[j + i * R[0]] = line[j];
-			}
-		}
-		free(temp);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Calculate the mean value for all masked (or valid) pixels in a band and returns the average spectrum
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory of size [B * sizeof(T)] that stores the mean spectrum
-	/// @param mask is a pointer to memory of size [X * Y] that stores the mask value at each pixel location
-	bool avg_band(T*p, unsigned char* mask){
-		unsigned long long XZ = R[0] * R[2];
-		unsigned long long XY = R[0] * R[1];
-		T* temp = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * XZ);
-		for (unsigned j = 0; j < R[2]; j++){
-			p[j] = 0;
-		}
-		//calculate vaild number in a band
-		unsigned count = 0;
-		for (unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){
-			if (mask[j] != 0){
-				count++;
-			}
-		}
-		for (unsigned k = 0; k < R[1]; k++){
-			getY(temp, k);
-			unsigned kx = k * R[0];
-			for (unsigned i = 0; i < R[0]; i++){
-				if (mask[kx + i] != 0){
-					for (unsigned j = 0; j < R[2]; j++){
-						p[j] += temp[j * R[0] + i] / (T)count;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		free(temp);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Calculate the covariance matrix for all masked pixels in the image.
-
-	/// @param co is a pointer to pre-allocated memory of size [B * B] that stores the resulting covariance matrix
-	/// @param avg is a pointer to memory of size B that stores the average spectrum
-	/// @param mask is a pointer to memory of size [X * Y] that stores the mask value at each pixel location
-	bool co_matrix(T* co, T* avg, unsigned char *mask){
-		//memory allocation
-		unsigned long long xy = R[0] * R[1];
-		unsigned int B = R[2];
-		T* temp = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * B);
-		//count vaild pixels in a band
-		unsigned count = 0;
-		for (unsigned j = 0; j < xy; j++){
-			if (mask[j] != 0){
-				count++;
-			}
-		}
-		//initialize correlation matrix
-		for (unsigned i = 0; i < B; i++){
-			for (unsigned k = 0; k < B; k++){
-				co[i * B + k] = 0;
-			}
-		}
-		//calculate correlation coefficient matrix
-		for (unsigned j = 0; j < xy; j++){
-			if (mask[j] != 0){
-				pixel(temp, j);
-				for (unsigned i = 0; i < B; i++){
-					for (unsigned k = i; k < B; k++){
-						co[i * B + k] += (temp[i] - avg[i]) * (temp[k] - avg[k]) / count;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		//because correlation matrix is symmetric
-		for (unsigned i = 0; i < B; i++){
-			for (unsigned k = i + 1; k < B; k++){
-				co[k * B + i] = co[i * B + k];
-			}
-		}
-
-		free(temp);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-
-	/// Crop a region of the image and save it to a new file.
-
-	/// @param outfile is the file name for the new cropped image
-	/// @param x0 is the lower-left x pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
-	/// @param y0 is the lower-left y pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
-	/// @param x1 is the upper-right x pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
-	/// @param y1 is the upper-right y pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
-	bool crop(std::string outfile, unsigned x0, unsigned y0, unsigned x1, unsigned y1){
-
-		//calculate the new number of samples and lines
-		unsigned long long sam = x1 - x0;		//samples
-		unsigned long long lin = y1 - y0;		//lines
-		unsigned long long L = sam * R[2] * sizeof(T);
-		//get specified band and save
-		T* temp = (T*)malloc(L);
-		std::ofstream out(outfile.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
-		unsigned long long jumpb = (R[0] - sam) * sizeof(T);		//jump pointer to the next band
-		//get start
-		file.seekg((y0 * R[0] * R[2] + x0) * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
-		for (unsigned i = 0; i < lin; i++)
-		{
-			for (unsigned j = 0; j < R[2]; j++)
-			{
-				file.read((char *)(temp + j * sam), sizeof(T) * sam);
-				file.seekg(jumpb, std::ios::cur);    //go to the next band	
-			}
-			out.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(temp), L);   //write slice data into target file	
-		}
-		free(temp);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-
-	/// Close the file.
-	bool close(){
-		file.close();
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	};
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/envi/binary.h b/envi/binary.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 308e71d..0000000
--- a/envi/binary.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,214 +0,0 @@
-
-//make sure that this header file is only loaded once
-#ifndef RTS_BINARY_H
-#define RTS_BINARY_H
-
-#include "../envi/envi_header.h"
-#include "../math/vector.h"
-#include <fstream>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-
-namespace stim{
-
-/** This class manages the streaming of large multidimensional binary files.
- *  Generally these are hyperspectral files with 2 spatial and 1 spectral dimension. However, this class supports
- *  other dimensions via the template parameter D.
- *
- *  @param T is the data type used to store data to disk (generally float or double)
- *  @param D is the dimension of the data (default 3)
- */
-template< typename T, unsigned int D = 3 >
-class binary{
-
-protected:
-	std::fstream file;		//file stream used for reading and writing
-	std::string name;		//file name
-
-	unsigned long long int R[D];		//resolution
-	unsigned int header;	//header size (in bytes)
-	unsigned char* mask;	//pointer to a character array: 0 = background, 1 = foreground (or valid data)
-
-
-
-
-	/// Private initialization function used to set default parameters in the data structure.
-	void init(){
-		memset(R, 0, sizeof(unsigned int) * D);		//initialize the resolution to zero
-		header = 0;									//initialize the header size to zero
-		mask = NULL;
-	}
-
-	/// Private helper function that returns the size of the file on disk using system functions.
-	long long int get_file_size(){
-#ifdef _WIN32
-		struct _stat64 results;
-		if(_stat64(name.c_str(), &results) == 0)
-			return results.st_size;
-#else
-		struct stat results;
-		if(stat(name.c_str(), &results) == 0)
-			return results.st_size;
-#endif
-		else return 0;
-	}
-
-	/// Private helper function that tests to make sure that the calculated data size specified by the structure is the same as the data size on disk.
-	bool test_file_size(){
-		long long int npts = 1;				//initialize the number of data points to 1
-		for(unsigned int i = 0; i<D; i++)	//iterate over each dimension
-			npts *= R[i];					//compute the total number of data points in the file
-		long long int datasize = npts * sizeof(T);//multiply the sum by the size of the template parameter
-
-		if(datasize + header == get_file_size()) return true;	//if the byte size matches the file size, we're golden
-		else return false;					//otherwise return an error
-
-	}
-
-	/// Private helper file that opens a specified binary file.
-
-	/// @param filename is the name of the binary file to stream
-	bool open_file(std::string filename){
-		//open the file as binary for reading and writing
-		file.open(filename.c_str(), std::ios::in | std::ios::out | std::ios::binary);
-
-		//if the file is successful
-		if(file){
-			name = filename;		//set the name
-			if(test_file_size())	//test the file size
-				return true;
-		}
-		
-		return false;
-	}
-
-public:
-
-	/// Open a binary file for streaming.
-
-	/// @param filename is the name of the binary file
-	/// @param r is a STIM vector specifying the size of the binary file along each dimension
-	/// @param h is the length (in bytes) of any header file (default zero)
-	bool open(std::string filename, vec<unsigned int, D> r, unsigned int h = 0){
-
-		for(unsigned int i = 0; i < D; i++)		//set the dimensions of the binary file object
-			R[i] = r[i];
-
-		header = h;				//save the header size
-
-		if(!open_file(filename)) return false;	//open the binary file
-
-		return test_file_size();
-	}
-
-	/// Creates a new binary file for streaming
-
-	/// @param filename is the name of the binary file to be created
-	/// @param r is a STIM vector specifying the size of the file along each dimension
-	/// @offset specifies how many bytes to offset the file (used to leave room for a header)
-	bool create(std::string filename, vec<unsigned int, D> r, unsigned int offset = 0){
-
-		std::ofstream target(filename.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
-
-		//initialize binary file
-		T p = 0;
-		for(unsigned int i =0; i < r[0] * r[1] * r[2]; i++){
-			target.write((char*)(&p), sizeof(T));
-		}
-
-		for(unsigned int i = 0; i < D; i++)		//set the dimensions of the binary file object
-			R[i] = r[i];
-
-		header = offset;				//save the header size
-
-		if(!open_file(filename)) return false;	//open the binary file
-
-		return test_file_size();
-	}
-
-	/// Writes a single page of data to disk. A page consists of a sequence of data of size R[0] * R[1] * ... * R[D-1].
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to the data to be written
-	/// @param page is the page number (index of the highest-numbered dimension)
-	bool write_page( T * p, unsigned int page){
-
-		if(p == NULL){
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: unable to write into file, empty pointer"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-
-		file.seekg(R[1] * R[0] * page * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);   //seek to the desired location on disk
-		file.write((char *)p, R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));				 //write binary data
-
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Reads a page from disk. A page consists of a sequence of data of size R[0] * R[1] * ... * R[D-1].
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory equal to the page size
-	/// @param page is the index of the page
-	bool read_page( T * p, unsigned int page){
-
-		if (page >= R[2]){										//make sure the bank number is right
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: page out of range"<<std::endl;
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		file.seekg(R[1] * R[0] * page * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);   //write into memory from the binary file
-		file.read((char *)p, R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));
-
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	//saves a hyperplane orthogonal to dimension d at intersection n
-	bool read_plane(T * dest, unsigned int d, unsigned int n){
-
-		//reset the file pointer back to the beginning of the file
-		file.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
-
-		//compute the contiguous size C for each readable block
-		unsigned int C = 1;
-		for(unsigned int i = 0; i < d; i++)		//for each dimension less than d
-			C *= R[i];							//compute the product
-
-		//compute the non-contiguous size NC for each readable block
-		unsigned int NC = 1;
-		for(unsigned int i = d + 1; i < D; i++)
-			NC *= R[i];
-
-		//for all noncontiguous blocks, read each contiguous block that makes up the hyper-plane
-		for(unsigned int nc = 0; nc < NC; nc++){
-			file.seekg(n * C * sizeof(T), std::ios::cur);	//skip n contiguous blocks
-			file.read( (char*)&dest[nc * C], C * sizeof(T));	//read one contiguous block
-			file.seekg( (R[d] - n - 1) * C * sizeof(T), std::ios::cur);	//skip R[d] - n contiguous blocks
-		}
-
-		return true;
-
-	}
-
-	//save one pixel of the file into the memory, and return the pointer
-	bool read_spectrum(T * p, unsigned x, unsigned y){
-
-		unsigned int i;
-
-		if ( x >= R[0] || y >= R[1]){							//make sure the sample and line number is right
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: sample or line out of range"<<std::endl;
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		file.seekg((x + y * R[0]) * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);           //point to the certain sample and line
-		for (i = 0; i < R[2]; i++)
-		{
-			file.read((char *)(p + i), sizeof(T));
-			file.seekg((R[1] * R[0] - 1) * sizeof(T), std::ios::cur);    //go to the next band
-		}
-
-		return true;	
-	}
-
-
-};
-
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/envi/bip.h b/envi/bip.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 565f086..0000000
--- a/envi/bip.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1071 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef STIM_BIP_H
-#define STIM_BIP_H
-
-#include "../envi/envi_header.h"
-#include "../envi/bil.h"
-#include "../envi/binary.h"
-#include <cstring>
-#include <utility>
-
-namespace stim{
-
-/**
-	The BIP class represents a 3-dimensional binary file stored using band interleaved by pixel (BIP) image encoding. The binary file is stored
-	such that Z-X "frames" are stored sequentially to form an image stack along the y-axis. When accessing the data sequentially on disk,
-	the dimensions read, from fastest to slowest, are Z, X, Y.
-
-	This class is optimized for data streaming, and therefore supports extremely large (terabyte-scale) files. Data is loaded from disk
-	on request. Functions used to access data are written to support efficient reading.
-*/
-template <typename T>
-
-class bip: public binary<T> {
-
-protected:
-	
-	
-	std::vector<double> w; //band wavelength
-	unsigned int offset;		//header offset
-
-public:
-
-	using binary<T>::open;
-	using binary<T>::file;
-	using binary<T>::R;
-
-	/// Open a data file for reading using the class interface.
-
-	/// @param filename is the name of the binary file on disk
-	/// @param X is the number of samples along dimension 1
-	/// @param Y is the number of samples (lines) along dimension 2
-	/// @param B is the number of samples (bands) along dimension 3
-	/// @param header_offset is the number of bytes (if any) in the binary header
-	/// @param wavelengths is an optional STL vector of size B specifying a numerical label for each band
-	bool open(std::string filename, unsigned int X, unsigned int Y, unsigned int B, unsigned int header_offset, std::vector<double> wavelengths){
-
-		//copy the wavelengths to the BSQ file structure
-		w = wavelengths;
-		//copy the offset to the structure
-		offset = header_offset;
-
-		return open(filename, vec<unsigned int>(X, Y, B), header_offset);
-		
-	}
-
-	/// Retrieve a single band (based on index) and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to an allocated region of memory at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
-	/// @param page <= B is the integer number of the band to be copied.
-	bool band_index( T * p, unsigned int page){
-
-		if (page >= R[2]){										//make sure the bank number is right
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: page out of range"<<std::endl;
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		//binary::getSlice(p, 0, page);         //I met some problems when I called this function?????
-		file.seekg(page * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
-		for (unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++)
-		{
-			file.read((char *)(p + i), sizeof(T));
-			file.seekg( (R[2] - 1) * sizeof(T), std::ios::cur);
-		}
-
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Retrieve a single band (by numerical label) and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to an allocated region of memory at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
-	/// @param wavelength is a floating point value (usually a wavelength in spectral data) used as a label for the band to be copied.
-	bool band( T * p, double wavelength){
-
-		//if there are no wavelengths in the BSQ file
-		if(w.size() == 0)
-			return band_index(p, (unsigned int)wavelength);
-
-		unsigned int XY = R[0] * R[1];	//calculate the number of pixels in a band
-
-		unsigned page=0;                      //bands around the wavelength
-
-
-		//get the bands numbers around the wavelength
-
-		//if wavelength is smaller than the first one in header file
-		if ( w[page] > wavelength ){
-			band_index(p, page);
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		while( w[page] < wavelength )
-		{
-			page++;
-			//if wavelength is larger than the last wavelength in header file
-			if (page == R[2]) {
-				band_index(p, R[2]-1);
-				return true;
-			}
-		}
-		if ( wavelength < w[page] )
-		{
-			T * p1;
-			T * p2;
-			p1=(T*)malloc( XY * sizeof(T));                     //memory allocation
-			p2=(T*)malloc( XY * sizeof(T));
-			band_index(p1, page - 1);
-			band_index(p2, page );
-			for(unsigned i=0; i < XY; i++){
-				double r = (double) (wavelength - w[page-1]) / (double) (w[page] - w[page-1]);
-				p[i] = (p2[i] - p1[i]) * r + p1[i];
-			}
-			free(p1);
-			free(p2);
-		}
-		else                           //if the wavelength is equal to a wavelength in header file
-		{
-			band_index(p, page);
-		}
-
-		return true;
-	}
-	//get YZ line from the a Y slice, Y slice data should be already IN the MEMORY
-	bool getYZ(T* p, T* c, double wavelength)
-	{
-		unsigned int X = R[0];	//calculate the number of pixels in a sample
-		unsigned int B = R[2];
-
-		unsigned page=0;                      //samples around the wavelength
-
-
-		//get the bands numbers around the wavelength
-
-		//if wavelength is smaller than the first one in header file
-		if ( w[page] > wavelength ){
-			for(unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++)
-			{
-				p[j] = c[j * B];
-			}		
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		while( w[page] < wavelength )
-		{
-			page++;
-			//if wavelength is larger than the last wavelength in header file
-			if (page == B) {
-				for(unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++)
-				{
-					p[j] = c[(j + 1) * B - 1];
-				}
-				return true;
-			}
-		}
-		if ( wavelength < w[page] )
-		{
-			T * p1;
-			T * p2;
-			p1=(T*)malloc( X * sizeof(T));                     //memory allocation
-			p2=(T*)malloc( X * sizeof(T));
-			//band_index(p1, page - 1);
-			for(unsigned j = 0; j < X; j++)
-			{
-				p1[j] = c[j * B + page - 1];
-			}
-			//band_index(p2, page );
-			for(unsigned j = 0; j < X; j++)
-			{
-				p2[j] = c[j * B + page];
-			}
-			
-			for(unsigned i=0; i < X; i++){
-				double r = (double) (wavelength - w[page-1]) / (double) (w[page] - w[page-1]);
-				p[i] = (p2[i] - p1[i]) * r + p1[i];
-			}
-			free(p1);
-			free(p2);
-		}
-		else                           //if the wavelength is equal to a wavelength in header file
-		{
-			//band_index(p, page);
-			for(unsigned j = 0; j < X; j++)
-			{
-				p[j] = c[j * B + page];
-			}
-		}
-
-		return true;		
-	}
-	//given a y and a wavelength, return the y-band data
-	//I do not use it right now, to accelerate the processing speed, I try to read a YZ whole slice into memory first, and then we can call "getYZ"
-	bool get_x_wavelength(T * p, unsigned y, double wavelength)
-	{
-		unsigned int X = R[0];	//calculate the number of pixels in a sample
-
-		unsigned page=0;                      //samples around the wavelength
-		T * p1;
-		T * p2;
-
-		//get the bands numbers around the wavelength
-
-		//if wavelength is smaller than the first one in header file
-		if ( w[page] > wavelength ){
-			file.seekg( y * R[2] * R[0] * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
-			for(unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++)
-			{
-				file.read((char *)(p + j), sizeof(T));
-				file.seekg((R[2] - 1) * sizeof(T), std::ios::cur);
-			}		
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		while( w[page] < wavelength )
-		{
-			page++;
-			//if wavelength is larger than the last wavelength in header file
-			if (page == R[2]) {
-				file.seekg( (y * R[2] * R[0] + R[2] - 1)* sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
-				for(unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++)
-				{
-					file.read((char *)(p + j), sizeof(T));
-					file.seekg((R[2] - 1) * sizeof(T), std::ios::cur);
-				}
-				return true;
-			}
-		}
-		if ( wavelength < w[page] )
-		{
-			p1=(T*)malloc( X * sizeof(T));                     //memory allocation
-			p2=(T*)malloc( X * sizeof(T));
-			//band_index(p1, page - 1);
-			file.seekg( (y * R[2] * R[0] + page - 1)* sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
-			for(unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++)
-			{
-				file.read((char *)(p1 + j), sizeof(T));
-				file.seekg((R[2] - 1) * sizeof(T), std::ios::cur);
-			}
-			//band_index(p2, page );
-			file.seekg( (y * R[2] * R[0] + page)* sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
-			for(unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++)
-			{
-				file.read((char *)(p2 + j), sizeof(T));
-				file.seekg((R[2] - 1) * sizeof(T), std::ios::cur);
-			}
-			
-			for(unsigned i=0; i < R[0]; i++){
-				double r = (double) (wavelength - w[page-1]) / (double) (w[page] - w[page-1]);
-				p[i] = (p2[i] - p1[i]) * r + p1[i];
-			}
-		}
-		else                           //if the wavelength is equal to a wavelength in header file
-		{
-			//band_index(p, page);
-			file.seekg( (y * R[2] * R[0] + page) * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
-			for(unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++)
-			{
-				file.read((char *)(p + j), sizeof(T));
-				file.seekg((R[2] - 1) * sizeof(T), std::ios::cur);
-			}
-		}
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Retrieve a single spectrum (B-axis line) at a given (x, y) location and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory at least B * sizeof(T) in size.
-	/// @param x is the x-coordinate (dimension 1) of the spectrum.
-	/// @param y is the y-coordinate (dimension 2) of the spectrum.
-	bool spectrum(T * p, unsigned x, unsigned y){
-
-		if ( x >= R[0] || y >= R[1]){							//make sure the sample and line number is right
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: sample or line out of range"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-
-		file.seekg((x + y * R[0]) * R[2] * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);           //point to the certain sample and line
-		
-		file.read((char *)p, sizeof(T) * R[2]);
-			
-		return true;	
-	}
-
-	/// Retrieve a single pixel and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory at least sizeof(T) in size.
-	/// @param n is an integer index to the pixel using linear array indexing.
-	bool pixel(T * p, unsigned n){
-
-		unsigned bandnum = R[0] * R[1];		//calculate numbers in one band
-		if ( n >= bandnum){							//make sure the pixel number is right
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: sample or line out of range"<<std::endl;
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		file.seekg(n * R[2] * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);           //point to the certain pixel
-		file.read((char *)p, sizeof(T) * R[2]);
-		return true;	
-	}
-	
-	//given a Y ,return a ZX slice
-	bool getY(T * p, unsigned y)
-	{
-		if ( y >= R[1]){							//make sure the line number is right
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: line out of range"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}	
-		
-		file.seekg(y * R[2] * R[0] * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
-		file.read((char *)p, sizeof(T) * R[2] * R[0]);
-		
-		return true;
-		
-	}
-		
-	/// Perform baseline correction given a list of baseline points and stores the result in a new BSQ file.
-
-	/// @param outname is the name of the output file used to store the resulting baseline-corrected data.
-	/// @param wls is the list of baseline points based on band labels.	
-	bool baseline(std::string outname, std::vector<double> wls){
-	
-		unsigned N = wls.size();			//get the number of baseline points
-		
-		std::ofstream target(outname.c_str(), std::ios::binary);	//open the target binary file
-		std::string headername = outname + ".hdr";              //the header file name		
-		
-		//simplify image resolution
-		unsigned int ZX = R[2] * R[0];		//calculate the number of points in a Y slice
-		unsigned int L = ZX * sizeof(T);			//calculate the number of bytes of a Y slice
-		unsigned int B = R[2];
-		unsigned int X = R[0];
-		
-		T* c;			//pointer to the current Y slice
-		c = (T*)malloc(L);  //memory allocation
-		
-		T* a;			//pointer to the two YZ lines surrounding the current YZ line
-		T* b;
-		
-		a = (T*)malloc(X * sizeof(T));
-		b = (T*)malloc(X * sizeof(T));
-
-
-		double ai, bi;	//stores the two baseline points wavelength surrounding the current band
-		double ci;		//stores the current band's wavelength
-		unsigned control;
-
-		if (a == NULL || b == NULL || c == NULL){
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: error allocating memory";
-			exit(1);
-		}
-	//	loop start	correct every y slice
-		
-		for (unsigned k =0; k < R[1]; k++)
-		{
-			//get the current y slice
-			getY(c, k);
-		
-			//initialize lownum, highnum, low, high		
-			control=0;
-			ai = w[0];
-			//if no baseline point is specified at band 0,
-			//set the baseline point at band 0 to 0
-			if(wls[0] != w[0]){
-				bi = wls[control];			
-				memset(a, (char)0, X * sizeof(T) );
-			}
-			//else get the low band
-			else{
-				control++;
-				getYZ(a, c, ai);
-				bi = wls[control];
-			}
-			//get the high band
-			getYZ(b, c, bi);
-		
-			//correct every YZ line
-			
-			for(unsigned cii = 0; cii < B; cii++){
-				//update baseline points, if necessary
-				if( w[cii] >= bi && cii != B - 1) {
-					//if the high band is now on the last BL point?
-					if (control != N-1) {
-	
-						control++;		//increment the index
-	
-						std::swap(a, b);	//swap the baseline band pointers
-	
-						ai = bi;
-						bi = wls[control];
-						getYZ(b, c, bi);
-	
-					}
-					//if the last BL point on the last band of the file?
-					else if ( wls[control] < w[B - 1]) {
-	
-						std::swap(a, b);	//swap the baseline band pointers
-	
-						memset(b, (char)0, X * sizeof(T) );	//clear the high band
-	
-						ai = bi;
-						bi = w[B - 1];
-					}
-				}
-
-				ci = w[cii];
-			
-				//perform the baseline correction
-				for(unsigned i=0; i < X; i++)
-				{
-					double r = (double) (ci - ai) / (double) (bi - ai);
-					c[i * B + cii] =(T) ( c[i * B + cii] - (b[i] - a[i]) * r - a[i] );
-				}
-				
-			}//loop for YZ line end  
-			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(c), L);   //write the corrected data into destination	
-		}//loop for Y slice end
-		
-
-		
-		free(a);
-		free(b);
-		free(c);
-		target.close();
-		return true;	
-		
-	}
-		
-	/// Normalize all spectra based on the value of a single band, storing the result in a new BSQ file.
-
-	/// @param outname is the name of the output file used to store the resulting baseline-corrected data.
-	///	@param w is the label specifying the band that the hyperspectral image will be normalized to.
-	///	@param t is a threshold specified such that a spectrum with a value at w less than t is set to zero. Setting this threshold allows the user to limit division by extremely small numbers.
-	bool normalize(std::string outname, double w, double t = 0.0)
-	{
-		unsigned int B = R[2];		//calculate the number of bands
-		unsigned int Y = R[1];
-		unsigned int X = R[0];
-		unsigned int ZX = R[2] * R[0];
-		unsigned int XY = R[0] * R[1];	//calculate the number of pixels in a band
-		unsigned int S = XY * sizeof(T);		//calculate the number of bytes in a band		
-		unsigned int L = ZX * sizeof(T);
-
-		std::ofstream target(outname.c_str(), std::ios::binary);	//open the target binary file
-		std::string headername = outname + ".hdr";              //the header file name
-
-		T * c;				//pointer to the current ZX slice
-		T * b;				//pointer to the standard band
-
-		b = (T*)malloc( S );     //memory allocation
-		c = (T*)malloc( L ); 
-
-		band(b, w);             //get the certain band into memory
-
-		for(unsigned j = 0; j < Y; j++)
-		{
-			getY(c, j);
-			unsigned jX = j * X;		//to avoid calculating it many times
-			for(unsigned i = 0; i < X; i++)
-			{
-				unsigned iB = i * B;		
-				for(unsigned m = 0; m < B; m++)
-				{
-					if( b[i+jX] < t )
-						c[m + iB] = (T)0.0;
-					else
-						c[m + iB] = c[m + iB] / b[i + jX];			//perform normalization
-				}								
-			}
-			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(c), L);   //write normalized data into destination
-		}
-
-		
-		free(b);
-		free(c);
-		target.close();
-		return true;
-	}
-	
-	/// Convert the current BIP file to a BSQ file with the specified file name.
-
-	/// @param outname is the name of the output BSQ file to be saved to disk.
-	bool bsq(std::string outname)
-	{	
-		std::string temp = outname + "_temp";
-		std::string headtemp = temp + ".hdr";
-		//first creat a temporary bil file and convert bip file to bil file
-		bil(temp);
-
-		stim::bil<T> n;
-		if(n.open(temp, R[0], R[1], R[2], offset, w)==false){        //open infile
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: unable to open input file"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		//then convert bil file to bsq file
-		n.bsq(outname);
-		n.close();
-		remove(temp.c_str());
-		remove(headtemp.c_str());
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Convert the current BIP file to a BIL file with the specified file name.
-
-	/// @param outname is the name of the output BIL file to be saved to disk.
-	bool bil(std::string outname)
-	{
-		unsigned int S = R[0] * R[2] * sizeof(T);		//calculate the number of bytes in a ZX slice
-		
-		std::ofstream target(outname.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
-		std::string headername = outname + ".hdr";
-		
-		T * p;			//pointer to the current ZX slice for bip file
-		p = (T*)malloc(S);
-		T * q;			//pointer to the current XZ slice for bil file
-		q = (T*)malloc(S);
-		
-		for ( unsigned i = 0; i < R[1]; i++)
-		{			
-			getY(p, i);
-			for ( unsigned k = 0; k < R[2]; k++)
-			{
-				unsigned ks = k * R[0];
-				for ( unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++)
-					q[ks + j] = p[k + j * R[2]];
-			}
-			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(q), S);   //write a band data into target file	
-		}
-
-		
-		free(p);
-		free(q);
-		target.close();
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Return a baseline corrected band given two adjacent baseline points and their bands. The result is stored in a pre-allocated array.
-
-	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
-	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
-	/// @param lp is a pointer to an array holding the band image for the left baseline point
-	/// @param rp is a pointer to an array holding the band image for the right baseline point
-	/// @param wavelength is the label value for the requested baseline-corrected band
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
-	bool baseline_band(double lb, double rb, T* lp, T* rp, double wavelength, T* result){
-
-		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
-		band(result, wavelength);		//get band
-
-		//perform the baseline correction
-		double r = (double) (wavelength - lb) / (double) (rb - lb);
-		for(unsigned i=0; i < XY; i++){
-			result[i] =(T) (result[i] - (rp[i] - lp[i]) * r - lp[i] );
-		}
-		return true;
-	}
-	
-	/// Return a baseline corrected band given two adjacent baseline points. The result is stored in a pre-allocated array.
-
-	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
-	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
-	/// @param bandwavelength is the label value for the desired baseline-corrected band
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
-	bool height(double lb, double rb, double bandwavelength, T* result){
-
-		T* lp;
-		T* rp;
-		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
-		unsigned S = XY * sizeof(T);
-		lp = (T*) malloc(S);			//memory allocation
-		rp = (T*) malloc(S);
-
-		band(lp, lb);
-		band(rp, rb);		
-
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, bandwavelength, result);
-
-		free(lp);
-		free(rp);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-
-	/// Calculate the area under the spectrum between two specified points and stores the result in a pre-allocated array.
-
-	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
-	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
-	/// @param lab is the label value for the left bound (start of the integration)
-	/// @param rab is the label value for the right bound (end of the integration)
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
-	bool area(double lb, double rb, double lab, double rab, T* result){
-
-		T* lp;	//left band pointer
-		T* rp;	//right band pointer
-		T* cur;		//current band 1
-		T* cur2;	//current band 2
-
-		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
-		unsigned S = XY * sizeof(T);
-
-		lp = (T*) malloc(S);			//memory allocation
-		rp = (T*) malloc(S);
-		cur = (T*) malloc(S);
-		cur2 = (T*) malloc(S);
-
-		memset(result, (char)0, S);
-
-		//find the wavelenght position in the whole band
-		unsigned int n = w.size();
-		unsigned int ai = 0;		//left bound position
-		unsigned int bi = n - 1;		//right bound position
-
-
-
-		//to make sure the left and the right bound are in the bandwidth
-		if (lb < w[0] || rb < w[0] || lb > w[n-1] || rb >w[n-1]){
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: left bound or right bound out of bandwidth"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		//to make sure rigth bound is bigger than left bound
-		else if(lb > rb){
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: right bound should be bigger than left bound"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-
-		//get the position of lb and rb
-		while (lab >= w[ai]){
-			ai++;
-		}
-		while (rab <= w[bi]){
-			bi--;
-		}
-
-		band(lp, lb);
-		band(rp, rb);
-
-		//calculate the beginning and the ending part
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, rab, cur2);		//ending part
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[bi], cur);
-		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){
-			result[j] += (rab - w[bi]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 2.0;
-		}
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, lab, cur2);		//beginnning part
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur);
-		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){	
-			result[j] += (w[ai] - lab) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 2.0;
-		}
-
-		//calculate the area
-		ai++;
-		for(unsigned i = ai; i <= bi ;i++)
-		{
-			baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur2);
-			for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++)
-			{
-				result[j] += (w[ai] - w[ai-1]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 2.0; 
-			}
-			std::swap(cur,cur2);		//swap the band pointers
-		}
-
-		free(lp);
-		free(rp);
-		free(cur);
-		free(cur2);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Compute the ratio of two baseline-corrected peaks. The result is stored in a pre-allocated array.
-
-	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param pos1 is the label value for the first peak (numerator) position
-	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param pos2 is the label value for the second peak (denominator) position
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
-	bool ph_to_ph(double lb1, double rb1, double pos1, double lb2, double rb2, double pos2, T * result){
-
-		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		
-		//get the two peak band
-		height(lb1, rb1, pos1, p1);
-		height(lb2, rb2, pos2, p2);
-		//calculate the ratio in result
-		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
-			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
-				result[i] = 1;
-			else
-				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
-		}
-
-		free(p1);
-		free(p2);
-		return true;	
-	}
-	
-	/// Compute the ratio between a peak area and peak height.
-
-	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param pos1 is the label value for the first peak (numerator) position
-	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param pos2 is the label value for the second peak (denominator) position
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
-	bool pa_to_ph(double lb1, double rb1, double lab1, double rab1,
-					double lb2, double rb2, double pos, T* result){
-		
-		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		
-		//get the area and the peak band
-		area(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, p1);
-		height(lb2, rb2, pos, p2);
-		//calculate the ratio in result
-		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
-			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
-				result[i] = 1;
-			else
-				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
-		}
-
-		free(p1);
-		free(p2);
-		return true;	
-	}		
-	
-	/// Compute the ratio between two peak areas.
-
-	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param lab1 is the label value for the left bound (start of the integration) of the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param rab1 is the label value for the right bound (end of the integration) of the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param lab2 is the label value for the left bound (start of the integration) of the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param rab2 is the label value for the right bound (end of the integration) of the second peak (denominator)	
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
-	bool pa_to_pa(double lb1, double rb1, double lab1, double rab1,
-					double lb2, double rb2, double lab2, double rab2, T* result){
-		
-		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		
-		//get the area and the peak band
-		area(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, p1);
-		area(lb2, rb2, lab2, rab2, p2);
-		//calculate the ratio in result
-		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
-			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
-				result[i] = 1;
-			else
-				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
-		}
-
-		free(p1);
-		free(p2);
-		return true;	
-	}		
-
-	/// Compute the definite integral of a baseline corrected peak.
-
-	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
-	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
-	/// @param lab is the label for the start of the definite integral
-	/// @param rab is the label for the end of the definite integral
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
-	bool x_area(double lb, double rb, double lab, double rab, T* result){
-		T* lp;	//left band pointer
-		T* rp;	//right band pointer
-		T* cur;		//current band 1
-		T* cur2;	//current band 2
-
-		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
-		unsigned S = XY * sizeof(T);
-
-		lp = (T*) malloc(S);			//memory allocation
-		rp = (T*) malloc(S);
-		cur = (T*) malloc(S);
-		cur2 = (T*) malloc(S);
-
-		memset(result, (char)0, S);
-
-		//find the wavelenght position in the whole band
-		unsigned int n = w.size();
-		unsigned int ai = 0;		//left bound position
-		unsigned int bi = n - 1;		//right bound position
-
-		//to make sure the left and the right bound are in the bandwidth
-		if (lb < w[0] || rb < w[0] || lb > w[n-1] || rb >w[n-1]){
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: left bound or right bound out of bandwidth"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		//to make sure rigth bound is bigger than left bound
-		else if(lb > rb){
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: right bound should be bigger than left bound"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-
-		//get the position of lb and rb
-		while (lab >= w[ai]){
-			ai++;
-		}
-		while (rab <= w[bi]){
-			bi--;
-		}
-
-		band(lp, lb);
-		band(rp, rb);
-
-		//calculate the beginning and the ending part
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, rab, cur2);		//ending part
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[bi], cur);
-		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){
-			result[j] += (rab - w[bi]) * (rab + w[bi]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 4.0;
-		}
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, lab, cur2);		//beginnning part
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur);
-		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){	
-			result[j] += (w[ai] - lab) * (w[ai] + lab) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 4.0;
-		}
-
-		//calculate f(x) times x
-		ai++;
-		for(unsigned i = ai; i <= bi ;i++)
-		{
-			baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur2);
-			for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++)
-			{
-				result[j] += (w[ai] - w[ai-1]) * (w[ai] + w[ai-1]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 4.0; 
-			}
-			std::swap(cur,cur2);		//swap the band pointers
-		}
-
-		free(lp);
-		free(rp);
-		free(cur);
-		free(cur2);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Compute the centroid of a baseline corrected peak.
-
-	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
-	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
-	/// @param lab is the label for the start of the peak
-	/// @param rab is the label for the end of the peak
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
-	bool cpoint(double lb, double rb, double lab, double rab, T* result){
-		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		
-		//get the area and the peak band
-		x_area(lb, rb, lab, rab, p1);
-		area(lb, rb, lab, rab, p2);
-		//calculate the ratio in result
-		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
-			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
-				result[i] = 1;
-			else
-				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
-		}
-
-		free(p1);
-		free(p2);
-		return true;	
-	}
-
-	/// Create a mask based on a given band and threshold value.
-
-	/// All pixels in the
-	/// specified band greater than the threshold are true and all pixels less than the threshold are false.
-	/// @param mask_band is the band used to specify the mask
-	/// @param threshold is the threshold used to determine if the mask value is true or false
-	/// @param p is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y in size
-	bool build_mask(double mask_band, double threshold, unsigned char* p){
-
-		T* temp = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));		//allocate memory for the certain band
-		band(temp, mask_band);
-
-		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1];i++) {
-				if (temp[i] < threshold)
-					p[i] = 0;
-				else
-					p[i] = 255;
-		}
-
-		free(temp);
-		return true;
-
-	}
-
-	/// Apply a mask file to the BSQ image, setting all values outside the mask to zero.
-
-	/// @param outfile is the name of the masked output file
-	/// @param p is a pointer to memory of size X * Y, where p(i) = 0 for pixels that will be set to zero.
-	bool apply_mask(std::string outfile, unsigned char* p){
-
-		std::ofstream target(outfile.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
-
-		unsigned ZX = R[2] * R[0];		//calculate number of a band
-		unsigned L = ZX * sizeof(T);
-
-		T * temp = (T*)malloc(L);
-
-		for (unsigned i = 0; i < R[1]; i++)
-		{
-			getY(temp, i);
-			for ( unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++)
-			{
-				for (unsigned k = 0; k < R[2]; k++)
-				{
-				if(p[i * R[0] + k] == 0)
-					temp[j * R[2] + k] = 0;
-				else
-					continue;
-				}
-			}
-			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(temp), L);   //write a band data into target file	
-		}
-		target.close();
-		free(temp);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Calculate the mean band value (average along B) at each pixel location.
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to memory of size X * Y * sizeof(T) that will store the band averages.
-	bool band_avg(T* p){
-		unsigned long long XY = R[0] * R[1];
-		//get every pixel and calculate average value
-		T* temp = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * R[2]);
-		T sum;
-		for (unsigned i = 0; i < XY; i++){
-			pixel(temp, i);
-			//calculate the sum value of every value
-			sum = 0;		//initialize sum value
-			for (unsigned j = 0; j < R[2]; j++){
-				sum += temp[j]/(T)R[2];
-			}
-			p[i] = sum;
-		}
-		free(temp);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Calculate the mean value for all masked (or valid) pixels in a band and returns the average spectrum
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory of size [B * sizeof(T)] that stores the mean spectrum
-	/// @param mask is a pointer to memory of size [X * Y] that stores the mask value at each pixel location
-	bool avg_band(T*p, unsigned char* mask){
-		unsigned long long XY = R[0] * R[1];
-		T* temp = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * R[2]);
-		//Iinitialize
-		for (unsigned j = 0; j < R[2]; j++){
-			p[j] = 0;
-		}
-		//calculate vaild number in a band
-		unsigned count = 0;
-		for (unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){
-			if (mask[j] != 0){
-				count++;
-			}
-		}
-		//calculate average number of a band
-		for (unsigned i = 0; i < XY; i++){
-			if (mask[i] != 0){			
-				pixel(temp, i);
-				for (unsigned j = 0; j < R[2]; j++){
-					p[j] += temp[j] / (T)count;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		free(temp);
-		return true;
-	}
-	
-	/// Calculate the covariance matrix for all masked pixels in the image.
-
-	/// @param co is a pointer to pre-allocated memory of size [B * B] that stores the resulting covariance matrix
-	/// @param avg is a pointer to memory of size B that stores the average spectrum
-	/// @param mask is a pointer to memory of size [X * Y] that stores the mask value at each pixel location
-	bool co_matrix(T* co, T* avg, unsigned char *mask){
-		//memory allocation
-		unsigned long long xy = R[0] * R[1];
-		unsigned int B = R[2];
-		T* temp = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * B);
-		//count vaild pixels in a band
-		unsigned count = 0;
-		for (unsigned j = 0; j < xy; j++){
-			if (mask[j] != 0){
-				count++;
-			}
-		}
-		//initialize correlation matrix
-		for (unsigned i = 0; i < B; i++){
-			for (unsigned k = 0; k < B; k++){
-				co[i * B + k] = 0;
-			}
-		}
-		//calculate correlation coefficient matrix
-		for (unsigned j = 0; j < xy; j++){
-			if (mask[j] != 0){
-				pixel(temp, j);
-				for (unsigned i = 0; i < B; i++){
-					for (unsigned k = i; k < B; k++){
-						co[i * B + k] += (temp[i] - avg[i]) * (temp[k] - avg[k]) / count;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		//because correlation matrix is symmetric
-		for (unsigned i = 0; i < B; i++){
-			for (unsigned k = i + 1; k < B; k++){
-				co[k * B + i] = co[i * B + k];
-			}
-		}
-
-		free(temp);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-
-	/// Crop a region of the image and save it to a new file.
-
-	/// @param outfile is the file name for the new cropped image
-	/// @param x0 is the lower-left x pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
-	/// @param y0 is the lower-left y pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
-	/// @param x1 is the upper-right x pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
-	/// @param y1 is the upper-right y pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
-	bool crop(std::string outfile, unsigned x0, unsigned y0, unsigned x1, unsigned y1){
-
-		//calculate the new number of samples and lines
-		unsigned long long sam = x1 - x0;		//samples
-		unsigned long long lin = y1 - y0;		//lines
-		unsigned long long L = R[2] * sizeof(T);
-		//get specified band and save
-		T* temp = (T*)malloc(L);
-		std::ofstream out(outfile.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
-		//get start
-		unsigned long long sp = y0 * R[0] + x0;		//start pixel
-		for (unsigned i = 0; i < lin; i++)
-		{
-			for (unsigned j = 0; j < sam; j++)
-			{
-				pixel(temp, sp + j + i * R[0]);
-				out.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(temp), L);   //write slice data into target file	
-			}
-		}
-		free(temp);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-
-	/// Close the file.
-	bool close(){
-		file.close();
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	};
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/envi/bsq.h b/envi/bsq.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 0e696c5..0000000
--- a/envi/bsq.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,912 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef STIM_BSQ_H
-#define STIM_BSQ_H
-
-#include "../envi/envi_header.h"
-#include "../envi/binary.h"
-#include "../envi/bil.h"
-#include <cstring>
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>
-
-
-
-namespace stim{
-
-/**
-	The BIP class represents a 3-dimensional binary file stored using band sequential (BSQ) image encoding. The binary file is stored
-	such that X-Y "frames" are stored sequentially to form an image stack along the z-axis. When accessing the data sequentially on disk,
-	the dimensions read, from fastest to slowest, are X, Y, Z.
-
-	This class is optimized for data streaming, and therefore supports extremely large (terabyte-scale) files. Data is loaded from disk
-	on request. Functions used to access data are written to support efficient reading.
-*/
-template <typename T>
-
-class bsq: public binary<T> {
-
-
-protected:
-	
-	std::vector<double> w;	//band wavelengths
-	unsigned int offset;
-
-public:
-
-	using binary<T>::open;
-	using binary<T>::file;
-	//using binary<T>::getSlice;
-	using binary<T>::R;
-
-	/// Open a data file for reading using the class interface.
-
-	/// @param filename is the name of the binary file on disk
-	/// @param X is the number of samples along dimension 1
-	/// @param Y is the number of samples (lines) along dimension 2
-	/// @param B is the number of samples (bands) along dimension 3
-	/// @param header_offset is the number of bytes (if any) in the binary header
-	/// @param wavelengths is an optional STL vector of size B specifying a numerical label for each band
-	bool open(std::string filename, unsigned int X, unsigned int Y, unsigned int B, unsigned int header_offset, std::vector<double> wavelengths){
-
-		//copy the wavelengths to the BSQ file structure
-		w = wavelengths;
-		//copy the wavelengths to the structure
-		offset = header_offset;
-
-		return open(filename, vec<unsigned int>(X, Y, B), header_offset);
-		
-	}
-
-	/// Retrieve a single band (based on index) and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to an allocated region of memory at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
-	/// @param page <= B is the integer number of the band to be copied.
-	bool band_index( T * p, unsigned int page){
-
-		if (page >= R[2]){										//make sure the bank number is right
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: page out of range"<<std::endl;
-			return false;
-		}
-		//move the file pointer to the start of the page on disk
-		file.seekg(R[0] * R[1] * page * sizeof(T));
-		//read the page from disk
-		file.read((char *)p, sizeof(T) * R[0] * R[1]);
-
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Retrieve a single band (by numerical label) and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to an allocated region of memory at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
-	/// @param wavelength is a floating point value (usually a wavelength in spectral data) used as a label for the band to be copied.
-	bool band( T * p, double wavelength){
-
-		//if there are no wavelengths in the BSQ file
-		if(w.size() == 0)
-			return band_index(p, (unsigned int)wavelength);
-
-		unsigned int XY = R[0] * R[1];	//calculate the number of pixels in a band
-		unsigned page = 0;                
-
-
-		//get the two neighboring bands (above and below 'wavelength')
-
-		//if wavelength is smaller than the first one in header file
-		if ( w[page] > wavelength ){
-			band_index(p, page);
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		while( w[page] < wavelength )
-		{
-			page++;
-			//if wavelength is larger than the last wavelength in the header file
-			//	(the wavelength is out of bounds)
-			if (page == R[2]) {
-				band_index(p, R[2]-1);		//return the last band
-				return true;
-			}
-		}
-		//when the page counter points to the first band above 'wavelength'
-		if ( wavelength < w[page] ){
-
-			//do the interpolation
-			T * p1;
-			T * p2;
-			p1=(T*)malloc( XY * sizeof(T));                     //memory allocation
-			p2=(T*)malloc( XY * sizeof(T));
-			band_index(p1, page - 1);
-			band_index(p2, page );
-			for(unsigned i=0; i < XY; i++){
-				double r = (double) (wavelength - w[page-1]) / (double) (w[page] - w[page-1]);
-				p[i] = (p2[i] - p1[i]) * r + p1[i];
-			}
-			free(p1);
-			free(p2);
-		}
-		//if the wavelength is equal to a wavelength in header file
-		else{
-			band_index(p, page);		//return the band
-		}
-
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Retrieve a single spectrum (B-axis line) at a given (x, y) location and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory at least B * sizeof(T) in size.
-	/// @param x is the x-coordinate (dimension 1) of the spectrum.
-	/// @param y is the y-coordinate (dimension 2) of the spectrum.
-	bool spectrum(T * p, unsigned x, unsigned y){
-
-		unsigned int i;
-
-		if ( x >= R[0] || y >= R[1]){							//make sure the sample and line number is right
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: sample or line out of range"<<std::endl;
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		file.seekg((x + y * R[0]) * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);           //point to the certain sample and line
-		for (i = 0; i < R[2]; i++)
-		{
-			file.read((char *)(p + i), sizeof(T));
-			file.seekg((R[1] * R[0] - 1) * sizeof(T), std::ios::cur);    //go to the next band
-		}
-
-		return true;	
-	}
-
-	/// Retrieve a single pixel and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory at least sizeof(T) in size.
-	/// @param n is an integer index to the pixel using linear array indexing.
-	bool pixel(T * p, unsigned n){
-
-		unsigned bandnum = R[0] * R[1];		//calculate numbers in one band
-		if ( n >= bandnum){							//make sure the pixel number is right
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: sample or line out of range"<<std::endl;
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		file.seekg(n * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);           //point to the certain pixel
-		for (unsigned i = 0; i < R[2]; i++)
-		{
-			file.read((char *)(p + i), sizeof(T));
-			file.seekg((bandnum - 1) * sizeof(T), std::ios::cur);    //go to the next band
-		}
-
-		return true;	
-	}
-
-	/// Perform baseline correction given a list of baseline points and stores the result in a new BSQ file.
-
-	/// @param outname is the name of the output file used to store the resulting baseline-corrected data.
-	/// @param wls is the list of baseline points based on band labels.	
-	bool baseline(std::string outname, std::vector<double> wls )
-	{
-		unsigned N = wls.size();			//get the number of baseline points
-
-		std::ofstream target(outname.c_str(), std::ios::binary);	//open the target binary file
-		std::string headername = outname + ".hdr";              //the header file name
-
-		//simplify image resolution
-		unsigned int B = R[2];		//calculate the number of bands
-		unsigned int XY = R[0] * R[1];	//calculate the number of pixels in a band
-		unsigned int S = XY * sizeof(T);		//calculate the number of bytes in a band
-
-		double ai, bi;	//stores the two baseline points wavelength surrounding the current band
-		double ci;		//stores the current band's wavelength
-
-		unsigned control=0;
-
-		T * a;					//pointers to the high and low band images
-		T * b;
-		T * c;				//pointer to the current image
-
-		a = (T*)malloc( S );     //memory allocation
-		b = (T*)malloc( S ); 
-		c = (T*)malloc( S ); 
-
-		if (a == NULL || b == NULL || c == NULL){
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: error allocating memory";
-			exit(1);
-		}
-
-
-		//initialize lownum, highnum, low, high		
-		ai=w[0];
-
-		//if no baseline point is specified at band 0,
-			//set the baseline point at band 0 to 0
-		if(wls[0] != w[0]){
-			bi = wls[control];			
-			memset(a, (char)0, S);
-		}
-		//else get the low band
-		else{
-			control += 1;
-			band(a, ai);
-			bi = wls[control];
-		}
-		//get the high band
-		band(b, bi);
-
-		//correct every band 
-		for(unsigned cii = 0; cii < B; cii++){
-
-			//update baseline points, if necessary
-			if( w[cii] >= bi && cii != B - 1) {
-				//if the high band is now on the last BL point?
-				if (control != N-1) {
-
-					control++;		//increment the index
-
-					std::swap(a, b);	//swap the baseline band pointers
-
-					ai = bi;
-					bi = wls[control];
-					band(b, bi);
-
-				}
-				//if the last BL point on the last band of the file?
-				else if ( wls[control] < w[B - 1]) {
-
-					std::swap(a, b);	//swap the baseline band pointers
-
-					memset(b, (char)0, S);	//clear the high band
-
-					ai = bi;
-					bi = w[B - 1];
-				}
-			}
-
-			//get the current band
-			band_index(c, cii);
-			ci = w[cii];
-			
-			//perform the baseline correction
-			for(unsigned i=0; i < XY; i++){
-				double r = (double) (ci - ai) / (double) (bi - ai);
-				c[i] =(T) ( c[i] - (b[i] - a[i]) * r - a[i] );
-			}
-			
-			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(c), S);   //write the corrected data into destination
-		
-		}	
-
-		//header.save(headername);         //save the new header file
-		
-		free(a);
-		free(b);
-		free(c);
-		target.close();
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Normalize all spectra based on the value of a single band, storing the result in a new BSQ file.
-
-	/// @param outname is the name of the output file used to store the resulting baseline-corrected data.
-	///	@param w is the label specifying the band that the hyperspectral image will be normalized to.
-	///	@param t is a threshold specified such that a spectrum with a value at w less than t is set to zero. Setting this threshold allows the user to limit division by extremely small numbers.
-	bool normalize(std::string outname, double w, double t = 0.0)
-	{
-		unsigned int B = R[2];		//calculate the number of bands
-		unsigned int XY = R[0] * R[1];	//calculate the number of pixels in a band
-		unsigned int S = XY * sizeof(T);		//calculate the number of bytes in a band
-
-		std::ofstream target(outname.c_str(), std::ios::binary);	//open the target binary file
-		std::string headername = outname + ".hdr";              //the header file name
-
-		T * b;					//pointers to the certain wavelength band
-		T * c;				//pointer to the current image
-
-		b = (T*)malloc( S );     //memory allocation
-		c = (T*)malloc( S ); 
-
-		band(b, w);             //get the certain band into memory
-
-		for(unsigned j = 0; j < B; j++)
-		{
-			band_index(c, j);                     //get the current band into memory
-			for(unsigned i = 0; i < XY; i++)
-			{
-				if(b[i] < t)
-					c[i] = (T)0.0;
-				else
-					c[i] = c[i] / b[i];
-			}
-			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(c), S);   //write normalized data into destination
-		}
-
-		//header.save(headername);         //save the new header file
-		
-		free(b);
-		free(c);
-		target.close();
-		return true;
-	}
-	
-	/// Convert the current BSQ file to a BIP file with the specified file name.
-
-	/// @param outname is the name of the output BIP file to be saved to disk.
-	bool bip(std::string outname)
-	{
-		std::string temp = outname + "_temp";
-		std::string headtemp = temp + ".hdr";
-		//first creat a temporary bil file and convert bsq file to bil file
-		bil(temp);
-
-		stim::bil<T> n;
-		if(n.open(temp, R[0], R[1], R[2], offset, w)==false){        //open infile
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: unable to open input file"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		//then convert bil file to bip file
-		n.bip(outname);
-		n.close();
-		remove(temp.c_str());
-		remove(headtemp.c_str());
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Convert the current BSQ file to a BIL file with the specified file name.
-
-	/// @param outname is the name of the output BIL file to be saved to disk.
-	bool bil(std::string outname)
-	{
-		//simplify image resolution
-		unsigned int L = R[0] * R[2] * sizeof(T);		//calculate the number of bytes of a ZX slice
-		unsigned int jump = (R[1] - 1) * R[0] * sizeof(T);
-		
-		std::ofstream target(outname.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
-		std::string headername = outname + ".hdr";
-		
-		T * p;			//pointer to the current spectrum
-		p = (T*)malloc(L);
-		
-		for ( unsigned i = 0; i < R[1]; i++)
-		{
-			file.seekg(R[0] * i * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
-			for ( unsigned j = 0; j < R[2]; j++ )
-			{
-				file.read((char *)(p + j * R[0]), sizeof(T) * R[0]);
-				file.seekg(jump, std::ios::cur);    //go to the next band	
-			}					
-			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(p), L);   //write XZ slice data into target file	
-		}
-		//header.interleave = rts::envi_header::BIL;  //change the type of file in header file
-		//header.save(headername);
-		
-		free(p);
-		target.close();
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Return a baseline corrected band given two adjacent baseline points and their bands. The result is stored in a pre-allocated array.
-
-	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
-	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
-	/// @param lp is a pointer to an array holding the band image for the left baseline point
-	/// @param rp is a pointer to an array holding the band image for the right baseline point
-	/// @param wavelength is the label value for the requested baseline-corrected band
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
-	bool baseline_band(double lb, double rb, T* lp, T* rp, double wavelength, T* result){
-
-		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
-		band(result, wavelength);		//get band
-
-		//perform the baseline correction
-		double r = (double) (wavelength - lb) / (double) (rb - lb);
-		for(unsigned i=0; i < XY; i++){
-			result[i] =(T) (result[i] - (rp[i] - lp[i]) * r - lp[i] );
-		}
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Return a baseline corrected band given two adjacent baseline points. The result is stored in a pre-allocated array.
-
-	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
-	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
-	/// @param bandwavelength is the label value for the desired baseline-corrected band
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
-	bool height(double lb, double rb, double bandwavelength, T* result){
-
-		T* lp;
-		T* rp;
-		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
-		unsigned S = XY * sizeof(T);
-		lp = (T*) malloc(S);			//memory allocation
-		rp = (T*) malloc(S);
-
-		band(lp, lb);
-		band(rp, rb);		
-
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, bandwavelength, result);
-
-		free(lp);
-		free(rp);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-
-	/// Calculate the area under the spectrum between two specified points and stores the result in a pre-allocated array.
-
-	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
-	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
-	/// @param lab is the label value for the left bound (start of the integration)
-	/// @param rab is the label value for the right bound (end of the integration)
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
-	bool area(double lb, double rb, double lab, double rab, T* result){
-
-		T* lp;	//left band pointer
-		T* rp;	//right band pointer
-		T* cur;		//current band 1
-		T* cur2;	//current band 2
-
-		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
-		unsigned S = XY * sizeof(T);
-
-		lp = (T*) malloc(S);			//memory allocation
-		rp = (T*) malloc(S);
-		cur = (T*) malloc(S);
-		cur2 = (T*) malloc(S);
-
-		memset(result, (char)0, S);
-
-		//find the wavelenght position in the whole band
-		unsigned int n = w.size();
-		unsigned int ai = 0;		//left bound position
-		unsigned int bi = n - 1;		//right bound position
-
-
-
-		//to make sure the left and the right bound are in the bandwidth
-		if (lb < w[0] || rb < w[0] || lb > w[n-1] || rb >w[n-1]){
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: left bound or right bound out of bandwidth"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		//to make sure rigth bound is bigger than left bound
-		else if(lb > rb){
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: right bound should be bigger than left bound"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-
-		//get the position of lb and rb
-		while (lab >= w[ai]){
-			ai++;
-		}
-		while (rab <= w[bi]){
-			bi--;
-		}
-
-		band(lp, lb);
-		band(rp, rb);
-
-		//calculate the beginning and the ending part
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, rab, cur2);		//ending part
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[bi], cur);
-		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){
-			result[j] += (rab - w[bi]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 2.0;
-		}
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, lab, cur2);		//beginnning part
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur);
-		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){	
-			result[j] += (w[ai] - lab) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 2.0;
-		}
-
-		//calculate the area
-		ai++;
-		for(unsigned i = ai; i <= bi ;i++)
-		{
-			baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur2);
-			for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++)
-			{
-				result[j] += (w[ai] - w[ai-1]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 2.0; 
-			}
-			std::swap(cur,cur2);		//swap the band pointers
-		}
-
-		free(lp);
-		free(rp);
-		free(cur);
-		free(cur2);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Compute the ratio of two baseline-corrected peaks. The result is stored in a pre-allocated array.
-
-	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param pos1 is the label value for the first peak (numerator) position
-	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param pos2 is the label value for the second peak (denominator) position
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
-	bool ph_to_ph(double lb1, double rb1, double pos1, double lb2, double rb2, double pos2, T * result){
-
-		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		
-		//get the two peak band
-		height(lb1, rb1, pos1, p1);
-		height(lb2, rb2, pos2, p2);
-		//calculate the ratio in result
-		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
-			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
-				result[i] = 1;
-			else
-				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
-		}
-
-		free(p1);
-		free(p2);
-		return true;	
-	}
-	
-	/// Compute the ratio between a peak area and peak height.
-
-	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param pos1 is the label value for the first peak (numerator) position
-	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param pos2 is the label value for the second peak (denominator) position
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
-	bool pa_to_ph(double lb1, double rb1, double lab1, double rab1,
-					double lb2, double rb2, double pos, T* result){
-		
-		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		
-		//get the area and the peak band
-		area(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, p1);
-		height(lb2, rb2, pos, p2);
-		//calculate the ratio in result
-		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
-			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
-				result[i] = 1;
-			else
-				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
-		}
-
-		free(p1);
-		free(p2);
-		return true;	
-	}		
-	
-	/// Compute the ratio between two peak areas.
-
-	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param lab1 is the label value for the left bound (start of the integration) of the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param rab1 is the label value for the right bound (end of the integration) of the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param lab2 is the label value for the left bound (start of the integration) of the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param rab2 is the label value for the right bound (end of the integration) of the second peak (denominator)	
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
-	bool pa_to_pa(double lb1, double rb1, double lab1, double rab1,
-					double lb2, double rb2, double lab2, double rab2, T* result){
-		
-		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		
-		//get the area and the peak band
-		area(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, p1);
-		area(lb2, rb2, lab2, rab2, p2);
-		//calculate the ratio in result
-		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
-			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
-				result[i] = 1;
-			else
-				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
-		}
-
-		free(p1);
-		free(p2);
-		return true;	
-	}		
-
-	/// Compute the definite integral of a baseline corrected peak.
-
-	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
-	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
-	/// @param lab is the label for the start of the definite integral
-	/// @param rab is the label for the end of the definite integral
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
-	bool x_area(double lb, double rb, double lab, double rab, T* result){
-		T* lp;	//left band pointer
-		T* rp;	//right band pointer
-		T* cur;		//current band 1
-		T* cur2;	//current band 2
-
-		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
-		unsigned S = XY * sizeof(T);
-
-		lp = (T*) malloc(S);			//memory allocation
-		rp = (T*) malloc(S);
-		cur = (T*) malloc(S);
-		cur2 = (T*) malloc(S);
-
-		memset(result, (char)0, S);
-
-		//find the wavelenght position in the whole band
-		unsigned int n = w.size();
-		unsigned int ai = 0;		//left bound position
-		unsigned int bi = n - 1;		//right bound position
-
-		//to make sure the left and the right bound are in the bandwidth
-		if (lb < w[0] || rb < w[0] || lb > w[n-1] || rb >w[n-1]){
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: left bound or right bound out of bandwidth"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		//to make sure rigth bound is bigger than left bound
-		else if(lb > rb){
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: right bound should be bigger than left bound"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-
-		//get the position of lb and rb
-		while (lab >= w[ai]){
-			ai++;
-		}
-		while (rab <= w[bi]){
-			bi--;
-		}
-
-		band(lp, lb);
-		band(rp, rb);
-
-		//calculate the beginning and the ending part
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, rab, cur2);		//ending part
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[bi], cur);
-		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){
-			result[j] += (rab - w[bi]) * (rab + w[bi]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 4.0;
-		}
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, lab, cur2);		//beginnning part
-		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur);
-		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){	
-			result[j] += (w[ai] - lab) * (w[ai] + lab) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 4.0;
-		}
-
-		//calculate f(x) times x
-		ai++;
-		for(unsigned i = ai; i <= bi ;i++)
-		{
-			baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur2);
-			for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++)
-			{
-				result[j] += (w[ai] - w[ai-1]) * (w[ai] + w[ai-1]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 4.0; 
-			}
-			std::swap(cur,cur2);		//swap the band pointers
-		}
-
-		free(lp);
-		free(rp);
-		free(cur);
-		free(cur2);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Compute the centroid of a baseline corrected peak.
-
-	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
-	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
-	/// @param lab is the label for the start of the peak
-	/// @param rab is the label for the end of the peak
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
-	bool cpoint(double lb, double rb, double lab, double rab, T* result){
-		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
-		
-		//get the area and the peak band
-		x_area(lb, rb, lab, rab, p1);
-		area(lb, rb, lab, rab, p2);
-		//calculate the ratio in result
-		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
-			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
-				result[i] = 1;
-			else
-				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
-		}
-
-		free(p1);
-		free(p2);
-		return true;	
-	}
-
-	/// Create a mask based on a given band and threshold value.
-
-	/// All pixels in the
-	/// specified band greater than the threshold are true and all pixels less than the threshold are false.
-	/// @param mask_band is the band used to specify the mask
-	/// @param threshold is the threshold used to determine if the mask value is true or false
-	/// @param p is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y in size
-	bool build_mask(double mask_band, double threshold, unsigned char* p = NULL){
-
-		T* temp = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));		//allocate memory for the certain band
-		band(temp, mask_band);
-
-		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++) {
-				if (temp[i] < threshold)
-					p[i] = 0;
-				else
-					p[i] = 255;
-		}
-
-		free(temp);
-		return true;
-
-	}
-
-	/// Apply a mask file to the BSQ image, setting all values outside the mask to zero.
-
-	/// @param outfile is the name of the masked output file
-	/// @param p is a pointer to memory of size X * Y, where p(i) = 0 for pixels that will be set to zero.
-	bool apply_mask(std::string outfile, unsigned char* p){
-
-		std::ofstream target(outfile.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
-
-		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];		//calculate number of a band
-		unsigned L = XY * sizeof(T);
-
-		T * temp = (T*)malloc(L);
-
-		for (unsigned i = 0; i < R[2]; i++)
-		{
-			band_index(temp, i);
-			for ( unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++)
-			{
-				if(p[j] == 0){
-					temp[j] = 0;
-				}
-				else{
-					continue;
-				}
-			}
-			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(temp), L);   //write a band data into target file	
-		}
-		target.close();
-		free(temp);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Calculate the mean band value (average along B) at each pixel location.
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to memory of size X * Y * sizeof(T) that will store the band averages.
-	bool band_avg(T* p){
-		unsigned long long XY = R[0] * R[1];
-		T* temp = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * XY);
-		//initialize p
-		band_index(p, 0);
-		for (unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){
-			p[j] /= (T)R[2];
-		}
-		//get every band and add them all
-		for (unsigned i = 1; i < R[2]; i++){
-			band_index(temp, i);
-			for (unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){
-				p[j] += temp[j]/(T)R[2];
-			}
-		}
-		free(temp);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Calculate the mean value for all masked (or valid) pixels in a band and returns the average spectrum
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory of size [B * sizeof(T)] that stores the mean spectrum
-	/// @param mask is a pointer to memory of size [X * Y] that stores the mask value at each pixel location
-	bool avg_band(T*p, unsigned char* mask){
-		unsigned long long XY = R[0] * R[1];
-		unsigned count = 0;						//count will store the number of masked pixels
-		T* temp = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * XY);
-		//calculate this loop counts the number of true pixels in the mask
-		for (unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){
-			if (mask[j] != 0){
-				count++;
-			}
-		}
-		//this loops goes through each band in B (R[2])
-		//	masked (or valid) pixels from that band are averaged and the average is stored in p
-		for (unsigned i = 0; i < R[2]; i++){
-			p[i] = 0;
-			band_index(temp, i);				//get the band image and store it in temp
-			for (unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){	//loop through temp, averaging valid pixels
-				if (mask[j] != 0){
-					p[i] += temp[j] / (T)count;
-				}				
-			}
-		}
-		free(temp);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Calculate the covariance matrix for all masked pixels in the image.
-
-	/// @param co is a pointer to pre-allocated memory of size [B * B] that stores the resulting covariance matrix
-	/// @param avg is a pointer to memory of size B that stores the average spectrum
-	/// @param mask is a pointer to memory of size [X * Y] that stores the mask value at each pixel location
-	bool co_matrix(T* co, T* avg, unsigned char *mask){
-		//memory allocation
-		unsigned long long xy = R[0] * R[1];
-		unsigned int B = R[2];
-		T* bandi = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * xy);
-		T* bandj = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * xy);
-		
-		//count vaild pixels in a band
-		unsigned count = 0;
-		for (unsigned j = 0; j < xy; j++){
-			if (mask[j] != 0){
-				count++;
-			}
-		}
-		//calculate correlation coefficient matrix
-		for (unsigned i = 0; i < B; i++)
-		{
-			band_index(bandi, i);
-			for (unsigned j = i; j < B; j++){
-				band_index(bandj, j);
-				T numerator = 0;			//to calculate element in correlation coefficient matrix, numerator part
-				//calculate the R(i,j) in correlation coeffient matrix
-				for (unsigned k = 0; k < xy; k++){
-					if (mask[k] != 0){
-						numerator += (bandi[k] - avg[i]) * (bandj[k] - avg[j]) / count;
-					}
-				}
-				co[i*B + j] = numerator;
-				co[j*B + i] = numerator;		//because correlated matrix is a symmetric matrix
-			}
-		}
-		free(bandi);
-		free(bandj);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-
-	/// Crop a region of the image and save it to a new file.
-
-	/// @param outfile is the file name for the new cropped image
-	/// @param x0 is the lower-left x pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
-	/// @param y0 is the lower-left y pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
-	/// @param x1 is the upper-right x pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
-	/// @param y1 is the upper-right y pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
-	bool crop(std::string outfile, unsigned x0, unsigned y0, unsigned x1, unsigned y1){
-
-		//calculate the new number of samples and lines
-		unsigned long long sam = x1 - x0;		//samples
-		unsigned long long lin = y1 - y0;		//lines
-		unsigned long long L = sam * lin * sizeof(T);
-		//get specified band and save
-		T* temp = (T*)malloc(L);
-		std::ofstream out(outfile.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
-		unsigned long long jumpb = R[0] * (R[1] - lin) * sizeof(T);		//jump pointer to the next band
-		unsigned long long jumpl = (R[0] - sam) * sizeof(T);	                           	//jump pointer to the next line
-		//get start
-		file.seekg((y0 * R[0] + x0) * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
-		for (unsigned i = 0; i < R[2]; i++)
-		{
-			for (unsigned j = 0; j < lin; j++)
-			{
-				file.read((char *)(temp + j * sam), sizeof(T) * sam);
-				file.seekg(jumpl, std::ios::cur);    //go to the next band	
-			}
-			out.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(temp), L);   //write slice data into target file	
-			file.seekg(jumpb, std::ios::cur);
-		}
-		free(temp);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-
-	/// Close the file.
-	bool close(){
-		file.close();
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	};
-}
-
-#endif
-
-			
diff --git a/envi/envi.h b/envi/envi.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 7022625..0000000
--- a/envi/envi.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,895 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef STIM_ENVI_H
-#define STIM_ENVI_H
-
-#include "../envi/envi_header.h"
-#include "../envi/bsq.h"
-#include "../envi/bip.h"
-#include "../envi/bil.h"
-#include <iostream>
-#include "../image/image.h"
-
-namespace stim{
-
-/** This class implements reading of ENVI hyperspectral files. These files can be stored in multiple orientations
-	(including BSQ, BIP, and BIL) in order to optimize streaming speed depending on applications. Basic ENVI
-	files are stored on disk as a large binary file with a corresponding header. Code for reading and processing
-	ENVI header files is in the envi_header class.
-*/
-class envi{	
-
-	void* file;		//void pointer to the relevant file reader (bip, bsq, or bil - with appropriate data type)
-
-public:
-
-	envi_header header;
-
-	/// Allocate memory for a new ENVI file based on the current interleave format (BIP, BIL, BSQ) and data type.
-	bool allocate(){
-
-		file = NULL;	//set file to a NULL pointer
-
-		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return(file = new bsq<float>());
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return(file = new bsq<double>());
-		}
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return(file = new bip<float>());
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return(file = new bip<double>());
-		}
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return(file = new bil<float>());
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return(file = new bil<double>());
-		}
-
-		exit(1);	//if the function hasn't already returned, we don't handle this state
-
-	}
-
-	/// Open an existing ENVI file given the file and header names.
-
-	/// @param filename is the name of the ENVI binary file
-	/// @param headername is the name of the ENVI header file
-	bool open(std::string filename, std::string headername){
-
-		//allocate memory
-		allocate();
-
-		//load the header
-		header.load(headername);
-
-		//load the file
-		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ) {		//if the infile is bsq file
-			if(header.data_type == envi_header::float32) {
-				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->open(filename, header.samples, header.lines, header.bands, header.header_offset, header.wavelength);
-			}
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64) {
-				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->open(filename, header.samples, header.lines, header.bands, header.header_offset, header.wavelength);
-			}
-			else
-				return false;
-		}
-
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL) {		//if the infile is bil file
-			if(header.data_type == envi_header::float32) {
-				return ((bil<float>*)file)->open(filename, header.samples, header.lines, header.bands, header.header_offset, header.wavelength);
-			}
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64) {
-				return ((bil<double>*)file)->open(filename, header.samples, header.lines, header.bands, header.header_offset, header.wavelength);
-			}
-			else
-				return false;
-		}
-				
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP) {		//if the infile is bip file
-			if(header.data_type == envi_header::float32) {
-				return ((bip<float>*)file)->open(filename, header.samples, header.lines, header.bands, header.header_offset, header.wavelength);
-			}
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64) {
-				return ((bip<double>*)file)->open(filename, header.samples, header.lines, header.bands, header.header_offset, header.wavelength);
-			}
-			else
-				return false;		
-		}
-		
-		else{
-		std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified type file       "<<headername<<std::endl;
-		exit(1);
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	/// Normalize a hyperspectral ENVI file given a band number and threshold.
-
-	/// @param outfile is the name of the normalized file to be output
-	/// @param band is the band label to be output
-	/// @param threshold is a threshold value specified such that normalization will only be done to values in the band > threshold (preventing division by small numbers)
-	bool normalize(std::string outfile, double band, double threshold = 0.0){
-	
-		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){		//if the infile is bsq file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->normalize(outfile, band, threshold);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->normalize(outfile,band, threshold);
-			else
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){		//if the infile is bil file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bil<float>*)file)->normalize(outfile, band);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bil<double>*)file)->normalize(outfile,band);
-			else
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){		//if the infile is bip file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bip<float>*)file)->normalize(outfile, band);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bip<double>*)file)->normalize(outfile,band);
-			else
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		else{
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified file type"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	/// Performs piecewise linear baseline correction of a hyperspectral file/
-
-	/// @param outfile is the file name for the baseline corrected output
-	/// @param w is a list of band labels to serve as baseline points (zero values)
-	bool baseline(std::string outfile, std::vector<double> w){
-
-		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){		//if the infile is bsq file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->baseline(outfile, w);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->baseline(outfile,w);
-			else{
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){		//if the infile is bil file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bil<float>*)file)->baseline(outfile, w);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bil<double>*)file)->baseline(outfile, w);
-			else{
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){		//if the infile is bip file 
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bip<float>*)file)->baseline(outfile, w);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bip<double>*)file)->baseline(outfile, w);
-			else{
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-
-		else{
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified file type"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-	}
-
-	/// Converts ENVI files between interleave types (BSQ, BIL, and BIP)
-
-	/// @param outfile is the file name for the converted output
-	/// @param interleave is the interleave format for the destination file
-	bool convert(std::string outfile, stim::envi_header::interleaveType interleave){
-
-		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){			//if the infile is bsq file
-
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32){		//if the data type of infile is float
-				if(interleave == envi_header::BSQ){
-					std::cout<<"ERROR:  is already BSQ file"<<std::endl;
-					exit(1);
-				}
-				else if(interleave == envi_header::BIL)			//if the target file is bil file
-					return ((bsq<float>*)file)->bil(outfile);
-				else if(interleave == envi_header::BIP)			//if the target file is bip file
-					return ((bsq<float>*)file)->bip(outfile);
-			}
-
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64){		//if the data type is float
-				if(interleave == envi_header::BSQ){
-					std::cout<<"ERROR:  is already BSQ file"<<std::endl;
-					exit(1);
-				}
-				else if(interleave == envi_header::BIL)
-					return ((bsq<double>*)file)->bil(outfile);
-				else if(interleave == envi_header::BIP)
-					return ((bsq<double>*)file)->bip(outfile);
-			}
-			
-			else{
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-				exit(1);				
-			}
-		}
-
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){
-
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32){		//if the data type of infile is float
-				if(interleave == envi_header::BIL){
-					std::cout<<"ERROR:  is already BIL file"<<std::endl;
-					exit(1);
-				}
-				else if(interleave == envi_header::BSQ)			//if the target file is bsq file
-					return ((bil<float>*)file)->bsq(outfile);
-				else if(interleave == envi_header::BIP)			//if the target file is bip file
-					return ((bil<float>*)file)->bip(outfile);
-			}
-
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64){		//if the data type is float
-				if(interleave == envi_header::BIL){
-					std::cout<<"ERROR:  is already BIL file"<<std::endl;
-					exit(1);
-				}
-				else if(interleave == envi_header::BSQ)
-					return ((bil<double>*)file)->bsq(outfile);
-				else if(interleave == envi_header::BIP)
-					return ((bil<double>*)file)->bip(outfile);
-			}
-			
-			else{
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-				exit(1);				
-			}
-		}
-
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){
-		
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32){		//if the data type of infile is float
-				if(interleave == envi_header::BIP){
-					std::cout<<"ERROR:  is already BIP file"<<std::endl;
-					exit(1);
-				}
-				else if(interleave == envi_header::BIL)			//if the target file is bil file
-					return ((bip<float>*)file)->bil(outfile);
-				else if(interleave == envi_header::BSQ)			//if the target file is bsq file
-					return ((bip<float>*)file)->bsq(outfile);
-			}
-
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64){		//if the data type is float
-				if(interleave == envi_header::BIP){
-					std::cout<<"ERROR:  is already BIP file"<<std::endl;
-					exit(1);
-				}
-				else if(interleave == envi_header::BIL)			//if the target file is bil file
-					return ((bip<double>*)file)->bil(outfile);
-				else if(interleave == envi_header::BSQ)			//if the target file is bsq file
-					return ((bip<double>*)file)->bsq(outfile);
-			}
-			
-			else{
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-				exit(1);				
-			}
-		}
-		
-		else{
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified interleave type"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		return false;
-	
-	}
-
-	/// Builds a mask from a band image and threshold value
-
-	/// @param mask_band is the label for the band that will be used to build the mask
-	/// @param threshold is a value selected such that all band values greater than threshold will have a mask value of 'true'
-	/// @param p is memory of size X*Y that will store the resulting mask
-	bool build_mask(double mask_band, double threshold, unsigned char* p = NULL)	{
-
-		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){		//if the infile is bsq file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->build_mask(mask_band, threshold, p);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->build_mask(mask_band, threshold, p);
-			else
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){		//if the infile is bil file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bil<float>*)file)->build_mask(mask_band, threshold, p);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bil<double>*)file)->build_mask(mask_band, threshold, p);
-			else
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){		//if the infile is bip file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bip<float>*)file)->build_mask(mask_band, threshold, p);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bip<double>*)file)->build_mask(mask_band, threshold, p);
-			else
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	/// Applies a mask to the ENVI file.
-
-	/// @param outfile is the name of the resulting masked output file
-	/// @param p is memory of size X*Y containing the mask (0 = false, all other values are true)
-	bool apply_mask(std::string outfile, unsigned char* p)	
-	{
-
-		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){		//if the infile is bsq file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->apply_mask(outfile, p);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->apply_mask(outfile, p);
-			else
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){		//if the infile is bil file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bil<float>*)file)->apply_mask(outfile, p);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bil<double>*)file)->apply_mask(outfile, p);
-			else
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){		//if the infile is bip file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bip<float>*)file)->apply_mask(outfile, p);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bip<double>*)file)->apply_mask(outfile, p);
-			else
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		else{
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified file type"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	/// Compute the ratio of two baseline-corrected peaks. The result is stored in a pre-allocated array.
-
-	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param pos1 is the label value for the first peak (numerator) position
-	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param pos2 is the label value for the second peak (denominator) position
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
-	bool ph_to_ph(double lb1, double rb1, double pos1, double lb2, double rb2, double pos2, void * result){
-		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){		//if the infile is bsq file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->ph_to_ph(lb1, rb1, pos1, lb2, rb2, pos2, (float*)result);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->ph_to_ph(lb1, rb1, pos1, lb2, rb2, pos2, (double*)result);
-			else
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){		//if the infile is bil file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bil<float>*)file)->ph_to_ph(lb1, rb1, pos1, lb2, rb2, pos2, (float*)result);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bil<double>*)file)->ph_to_ph(lb1, rb1, pos1, lb2, rb2, pos2, (double*)result);
-			else
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){		//if the infile is bip file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bip<float>*)file)->ph_to_ph(lb1, rb1, pos1, lb2, rb2, pos2, (float*)result);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bip<double>*)file)->ph_to_ph(lb1, rb1, pos1, lb2, rb2, pos2, (double*)result);
-			else
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		else{
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified file type"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	/// Compute the ratio between a peak area and peak height.
-
-	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param pos1 is the label value for the first peak (numerator) position
-	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param pos2 is the label value for the second peak (denominator) position
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
-	bool pa_to_ph(double lb1, double rb1, double lab1, double rab1, double lb2, double rb2, double pos, void * result){
-		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){		//if the infile is bsq file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->pa_to_ph(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, pos, (float*)result);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->pa_to_ph(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, pos, (double*)result);
-			else
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){		//if the infile is bil file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bil<float>*)file)->pa_to_ph(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, pos, (float*)result);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bil<double>*)file)->pa_to_ph(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, pos, (double*)result);
-			else
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){		//if the infile is bip file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bip<float>*)file)->pa_to_ph(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, pos, (float*)result);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bip<double>*)file)->pa_to_ph(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, pos, (double*)result);
-			else
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		else{
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified file type"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	/// Compute the ratio between two peak areas.
-
-	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param lab1 is the label value for the left bound (start of the integration) of the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param rab1 is the label value for the right bound (end of the integration) of the first peak (numerator)
-	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param lab2 is the label value for the left bound (start of the integration) of the second peak (denominator)
-	/// @param rab2 is the label value for the right bound (end of the integration) of the second peak (denominator)	
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
-	bool pa_to_pa(double lb1, double rb1, double lab1, double rab1,
-					double lb2, double rb2, double lab2, double rab2, void* result){
-		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){		//if the infile is bsq file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->pa_to_pa(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, lab2, rab2, (float*)result);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->pa_to_pa(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, lab2, rab2, (double*)result);
-			else
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){		//if the infile is bil file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bil<float>*)file)->pa_to_pa(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, lab2, rab2, (float*)result);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bil<double>*)file)->pa_to_pa(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, lab2, rab2, (double*)result);
-			else
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){		//if the infile is bip file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bip<float>*)file)->pa_to_pa(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, lab2, rab2, (float*)result);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bip<double>*)file)->pa_to_pa(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, lab2, rab2, (double*)result);
-			else
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		else{
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified file type"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	/// Compute the centroid of a baseline corrected peak.
-
-	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
-	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
-	/// @param lab is the label for the start of the peak
-	/// @param rab is the label for the end of the peak
-	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
-	bool cpoint(double lb1, double rb1, double lab1, double rab1, void* result){
-		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){		//if the infile is bsq file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->cpoint(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, (float*)result);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->cpoint(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, (double*)result);
-			else
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){		//if the infile is bil file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bil<float>*)file)->cpoint(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, (float*)result);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bil<double>*)file)->cpoint(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, (double*)result);
-			else
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){		//if the infile is bip file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bip<float>*)file)->cpoint(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1,(float*)result);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bip<double>*)file)->cpoint(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, (double*)result);
-			else
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		else{
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified file type"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	/// Closes the ENVI file.
-	bool close(){
-		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->close();
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->close();
-			else{
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bil<float>*)file)->close();
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bil<double>*)file)->close();
-			else{
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bip<float>*)file)->close();
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bip<double>*)file)->close();
-			else{
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	/// Retrieve a single pixel and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory at least sizeof(T) in size.
-	/// @param n is an integer index to the pixel using linear array indexing.
-	bool pixel(void * p, unsigned n){
-		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->pixel((float*)p, n);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->pixel((double*)p, n);
-			else{
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bil<float>*)file)->pixel((float*)p, n);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bil<double>*)file)->pixel((double*)p, n);
-			else{
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bip<float>*)file)->pixel((float*)p, n);
-			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bip<double>*)file)->pixel((double*)p, n);
-			else{
-				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	/// Saves a header file describing the current ENVI file parameters.
-	bool save_header(std::string filename){
-
-		//save the header file here
-		header.save(filename);
-
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Retrieve a single band (by numerical label) and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to an allocated region of memory at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
-	/// @param wavelength is a floating point value (usually a wavelength in spectral data) used as a label for the band to be copied.
-	bool band(void* ptr, double wavelength){
-
-		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){		//if the infile is bsq file
-			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->band((float*)ptr, wavelength);
-			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->band((double*)ptr, wavelength);
-			else{
-				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-		else if (header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){
-			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bil<float>*)file)->band((float*)ptr, wavelength);
-			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bil<double>*)file)->band((double*)ptr, wavelength);
-			else{
-				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-		else if (header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){
-			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bip<float>*)file)->band((float*)ptr, wavelength);
-			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bip<double>*)file)->band((double*)ptr, wavelength);
-			else{
-				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	/// Retrieve a single band (based on index) and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to an allocated region of memory at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
-	/// @param page <= B is the integer number of the band to be copied.
-	bool band_index(void* ptr, unsigned int b){
-		if (header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){		//if the infile is bsq file
-			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->band_index((float*)ptr, b);
-			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->band_index((double*)ptr, b);
-			else{
-				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-		else if (header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){
-			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bil<float>*)file)->band_index((float*)ptr, b);
-			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bil<double>*)file)->band_index((double*)ptr, b);
-			else{
-				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-		else if (header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){
-			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bip<float>*)file)->band_index((float*)ptr, b);
-			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bip<double>*)file)->band_index((double*)ptr, b);
-			else{
-				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-		return false;
-	}
-	
-	/// Helper function that loads a mask into memory given a filename.
-
-	/// @param mask is a pointer to pre-allocated memory of size X*Y
-	/// @param maskname is the file name for the image that will serve as the mask
-	bool load_mask(unsigned char * mask, std::string maskname){
-		//open the mask file
-		stim::image<unsigned char> mask_image(maskname);
-		mask_image.data_noninterleaved(mask);
-		//save mask file into memory
-		//memcpy(mask, mask_image.data_noninterleaved(), mask_image.size());
-		//mask_image.clear();
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	//p:start positon; N: number of pixels saved in X;
-	bool feature_matrix(void * X,  unsigned char * mask, unsigned start, unsigned N)
-	{
-		//save pixels in X as floating numbers: float * p
-		float * p = (float*)malloc(header.bands * sizeof(float));		//save pixel information
-		unsigned pixels = header.samples * header.lines;		//calculate pixel numbers in a band
-		unsigned count = 0;		//for counting use
-		unsigned j = 0;		//memory the pointer location in X
-
-		//create two indices into the mask (mask index and pixel index)
-		unsigned mi = 0;	//valid pixel index
-		unsigned pi = 0;	//actual pixel in the mask
-
-		//find the actual pixel index for the mask index "start"
-		while(mi < start){
-			if(mask[pi])
-				mi++;
-
-			pi++;
-		}
-
-		for(unsigned i = pi; i < pixels; i++){
-			if(mask[i] != 0){
-				pixel(p, i);
-				//copy p to X
-				for(unsigned k = 0; k < header.bands; k++){
-					((float *)X)[j] = p[k];
-					j++;
-				}
-				count++;
-				if(count == N)
-					break;
-			}
-			else
-				continue;
-		}
-		if(count < N){
-			std::cout << "number of valid pixels in the mask : " << count <<"is less than N: "<< N;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		free(p);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Calculate the mean value for all masked (or valid) pixels in a band and returns the average spectrum
-
-	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory of size [B * sizeof(T)] that stores the mean spectrum
-	/// @param mask is a pointer to memory of size [X * Y] that stores the mask value at each pixel location
-	bool avg_band(void * p, unsigned char* mask){
-		if (header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){
-			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->avg_band((float*)p, mask);
-			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->avg_band((double*)p,  mask);
-			else{
-				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-		else if (header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){
-			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bil<float>*)file)->avg_band((float*)p,  mask);
-			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bil<double>*)file)->avg_band((double*)p,  mask);
-			else{
-				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-		else if (header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){
-			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bip<float>*)file)->avg_band((float*)p, mask);
-			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bip<double>*)file)->avg_band((double*)p, mask);
-			else{
-				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	/// Calculate the covariance matrix for all masked pixels in the image.
-
-	/// @param co is a pointer to pre-allocated memory of size [B * B] that stores the resulting covariance matrix
-	/// @param avg is a pointer to memory of size B that stores the average spectrum
-	/// @param mask is a pointer to memory of size [X * Y] that stores the mask value at each pixel location
-	bool co_matrix(void* co, void* avg, unsigned char* mask){
-		if (header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){
-			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->co_matrix((float*)co, (float*)avg, mask);
-			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->co_matrix((double*)co, (double*)avg, mask);
-			else{
-				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-		else if (header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){
-			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bil<float>*)file)->co_matrix((float*)co, (float*)avg, mask);
-			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bil<double>*)file)->co_matrix((double*)co, (double*)avg, mask);
-			else{
-				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-		else if (header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){
-			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bip<float>*)file)->co_matrix((float*)co, (float*)avg, mask);
-			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bip<double>*)file)->co_matrix((double*)co, (double*)avg, mask);
-			else{
-				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-		return false;
-	}
-
-
-	/// Crop a region of the image and save it to a new file.
-
-	/// @param outfile is the file name for the new cropped image
-	/// @param x0 is the lower-left x pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
-	/// @param y0 is the lower-left y pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
-	/// @param x1 is the upper-right x pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
-	/// @param y1 is the upper-right y pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
-	bool crop(std::string outfile,unsigned x0, unsigned y0, unsigned x1, unsigned y1){
-
-		if (header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){
-			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->crop(outfile, x0, y0, x1, y1);
-			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->crop(outfile, x0, y0, x1, y1);
-			else{
-				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-		else if (header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){
-			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bil<float>*)file)->crop(outfile, x0, y0, x1, y1);
-			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bil<double>*)file)->crop(outfile, x0, y0, x1, y1);
-			else{
-				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-		else if (header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){
-			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
-				return ((bip<float>*)file)->crop(outfile, x0, y0, x1, y1);
-			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
-				return ((bip<double>*)file)->crop(outfile, x0, y0, x1, y1);
-			else{
-				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-		return false;
-	}
-
-};
-
-}	//end namespace rts
-
-#endif
diff --git a/envi/envi_header.h b/envi/envi_header.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 6650557..0000000
--- a/envi/envi_header.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,413 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ENVI_HEADER_H
-#define ENVI_HEADER_H
-
-#include <string>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <fstream>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <vector>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-
-//information from an ENVI header file
-//A good resource can be found here: http://www.exelisvis.com/docs/enviheaderfiles.html
-
-namespace stim{
-
-struct envi_header
-{
-	enum dataType {dummy0, int8, int16, int32, float32, float64, complex32, dummy7, dummy8, complex64, dummy10, dummy11, uint16, uint32, int64, uint64};
-	enum interleaveType {BIP, BIL, BSQ};	//bip = Z,X,Y; bil = X,Z,Y; bsq = X,Y,Z
-	enum endianType {endianLittle, endianBig};
-
-	std::string name;
-
-	std::string description;
-
-	unsigned int samples;	//x-axis
-	unsigned int lines;		//y-axis
-	unsigned int bands;		//spectral axis
-	unsigned int header_offset;		//header offset for binary file (in bytes)
-	std::string file_type;			//should be "ENVI Standard"
-
-	envi_header::dataType data_type;			//data representation; common value is 4 (32-bit float)
-
-
-	envi_header::interleaveType interleave;
-
-	std::string sensor_type;		//not really used
-
-	envi_header::endianType byte_order;			//little = least significant bit first (most systems)
-
-	double x_start, y_start;		//coordinates of the upper-left corner of the image
-	std::string wavelength_units;	//stored wavelength units
-	std::string z_plot_titles[2];
-
-	double pixel_size[2];			//pixel size along X and Y
-
-	std::vector<std::string> band_names;	//name for each band in the image
-	std::vector<double> wavelength;		//wavelength for each band
-
-	void init(){
-        name = "";
-
-		//specify default values for a new or empty ENVI file
-		samples = 0;
-		lines = 0;
-		bands = 0;
-		header_offset = 0;
-		data_type = float32;
-		interleave = BSQ;
-		byte_order = endianLittle;
-		x_start = y_start = 0;
-		pixel_size[0] = pixel_size[1] = 1;
-
-		//strings
-		file_type = "ENVI Standard";
-		sensor_type = "Unknown";
-		wavelength_units = "Unknown";
-		z_plot_titles[0] = z_plot_titles[1] = "Unknown";
-	}
-
-	envi_header(){
-		init();
-	}
-	envi_header(std::string name){
-		init();
-		load(name);
-	}
-
-	std::string trim(std::string line){
-		//trims whitespace from the beginning and end of line
-		unsigned int start_i, end_i;
-		for(start_i=0; start_i < line.length(); start_i++)
-			if(line[start_i] != 32)
-			{
-				break;
-			}
-
-		for(end_i = line.length()-1; end_i >= start_i; end_i--)
-			if(line[end_i] != ' ' && line[end_i] != '\r')
-			{
-				break;
-			}
-
-		return line.substr(start_i, end_i - start_i+1);
-	}
-
-
-	std::string get_token(std::string line){
-		//returns a variable name; in this case we look for the '=' sign
-		size_t i = line.find_first_of('=');
-
-		std::string result;
-		if(i != std::string::npos)
-			result = trim(line.substr(0, i-1));
-
-		return result;
-	}
-
-	std::string get_data_str(std::string line){
-		size_t i = line.find_first_of('=');
-
-		std::string result;
-		if(i != std::string::npos)
-			result = trim(line.substr(i+1));
-		else
-		{
-			std::cout<<"ENVI Header error - data not found for token: "<<get_token(line)<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		return result;
-	}
-
-	std::string get_brace_str(std::string token, std::string line, std::ifstream &file)
-	{
-		//this function assembles all of the characters between curly braces
-		//this is how strings are defined within an ENVI file
-
-		std::string result;
-
-		//first, find the starting brace
-		size_t i;
-		do
-		{
-			i = line.find_first_of('{');
-			if(i != std::string::npos)
-				break;
-		}while(file);
-
-		//if i is still npos, we have reached the end of the file without a brace...something is wrong
-		if(i == std::string::npos)
-		{
-			std::cout<<"ENVI Header error - string token declared without being defined: "<<token<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		line = line.substr(i+1);
-
-		//copy character data into the result string until we find a closing brace
-		while(file)
-		{
-			i = line.find_first_of('}');
-
-
-			if(i != std::string::npos)
-			{
-				result += line.substr(0, i);
-				break;
-			}
-			else
-				result += line;
-
-			getline(file, line);
-		}
-
-		if(i == std::string::npos)
-		{
-			std::cout<<"ENVI Header error - string token declared without a terminating '}': "<<token<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-
-		return trim(result);
-	}
-
-	std::vector<std::string> get_string_seq(std::string token, std::string sequence)
-	{
-		//this function returns a sequence of comma-delimited strings
-		std::vector<std::string> result;
-
-		std::string entry;
-		size_t i;
-		do
-		{
-			i = sequence.find_first_of(',');
-			entry = sequence.substr(0, i);
-			sequence = sequence.substr(i+1);
-			result.push_back(trim(entry));
-		}while(i != std::string::npos);
-
-		return result;
-	}
-
-	std::vector<double> get_double_seq(std::string token, std::string sequence)
-	{
-		//this function returns a sequence of comma-delimited strings
-		std::vector<double> result;
-		std::string entry;
-		size_t i;
-		do
-		{
-			i = sequence.find_first_of(',');
-			entry = sequence.substr(0, i);
-			sequence = sequence.substr(i+1);
-			result.push_back(atof(entry.c_str()));
-			//std::cout<<entry<<"   ";
-		}while(i != std::string::npos);
-
-		return result;
-	}
-
-	bool load(std::string filename)
-	{
-		//open the header file
-		std::ifstream file(filename.c_str());
-
-		if(!file)
-		{
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: unable to open header file:   "<<filename<<std::endl;
-            return false;
-		}
-
-		//the first line should just be "ENVI"
-		std::string line;
-		file>>line;
-		if(line != "ENVI")
-		{
-			std::cout<<"ENVI Header Error: The header doesn't appear to be an ENVI file. The first line should be 'ENVI'."<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-
-		//for each line in the file, get the token
-		std::string token;
-
-        //get a line
-        getline(file, line);
-		while(file)
-		{
-
-
-
-			//get the token
-			token = get_token(line);
-
-			if(token == "description")
-				description = get_brace_str(token, line, file);
-			else if(token == "band names")
-			{
-				std::string string_sequence = get_brace_str(token, line, file);
-				band_names = get_string_seq(token, string_sequence);
-			}
-			else if(token == "wavelength")
-			{
-				std::string string_sequence = get_brace_str(token, line, file);
-				wavelength = get_double_seq(token, string_sequence);
-			}
-			else if(token == "pixel size")
-			{
-				std::string string_sequence = get_brace_str(token, line, file);
-				std::vector<double> pxsize = get_double_seq(token, string_sequence);
-				pixel_size[0] = pxsize[0];
-				pixel_size[1] = pxsize[1];
-			}
-			else if(token == "z plot titles")
-			{
-				std::string string_sequence = get_brace_str(token, line, file);
-				std::vector<std::string> titles = get_string_seq(token, string_sequence);
-				z_plot_titles[0] = titles[0];
-				z_plot_titles[1] = titles[1];
-			}
-
-			else if(token == "samples")
-				samples = atoi(get_data_str(line).c_str());
-			else if(token == "lines")
-				lines = atoi(get_data_str(line).c_str());
-			else if(token == "bands")
-				bands = atoi(get_data_str(line).c_str());
-			else if(token == "header offset")
-				header_offset = atoi(get_data_str(line).c_str());
-			else if(token == "file type")
-				file_type = get_data_str(line);
-			else if(token == "data type")
-				data_type = (dataType)atoi(get_data_str(line).c_str());
-			else if(token == "interleave")
-			{
-				std::string interleave_str = get_data_str(line);
-				if(interleave_str == "bip")
-					interleave = BIP;
-				else if(interleave_str == "bil")
-					interleave = BIL;
-				else if(interleave_str == "bsq")
-					interleave = BSQ;
-			}
-			else if(token == "sensor type")
-				sensor_type = get_data_str(line);
-			else if(token == "byte order")
-				byte_order = (endianType)atoi(get_data_str(line).c_str());
-			else if(token == "x start")
-				x_start = atof(get_data_str(line).c_str());
-			else if(token == "y start")
-				y_start = atof(get_data_str(line).c_str());
-			else if(token == "wavelength units")
-				wavelength_units = get_data_str(line);
-
-            //get the next line
-            getline(file, line);
-		}
-
-		//make sure the number of bands matches the number of wavelengths
-		unsigned int wavelengths = wavelength.size();
-		if(wavelengths && bands != wavelengths)
-		{
-            std::cout<<"ENVI Header Error -- Number of wavelengths doesn't match the number of bands.  Bands = "<<bands<<", Wavelengths = "<<wavelength.size()<<std::endl;
-            exit(1);
-        }
-
-		//close the file
-		file.close();
-
-		//set the file name
-		name = filename;
-
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	void save(std::string filename)
-	{
-		//open a file
-		std::ofstream outfile(filename.c_str());
-
-		//write the ENVI type identifier
-		outfile<<"ENVI"<<std::endl;
-
-		//output all of the data
-		outfile<<"description = {"<<std::endl;
-		outfile<<"  "<<description<<"}"<<std::endl;
-
-		outfile<<"samples = "<<samples<<std::endl;
-		outfile<<"lines = "<<lines<<std::endl;
-		outfile<<"bands = "<<bands<<std::endl;
-		outfile<<"header offset = "<<header_offset<<std::endl;
-		outfile<<"file type = "<<file_type<<std::endl;
-		outfile<<"data type = "<<data_type<<std::endl;
-		outfile<<"interleave = ";
-		if(interleave == BIP)
-			outfile<<"bip";
-		if(interleave == BIL)
-			outfile<<"bil";
-		if(interleave == BSQ)
-			outfile<<"bsq";
-			outfile<<std::endl;
-		outfile<<"sensor type = "<<sensor_type<<std::endl;
-		outfile<<"byte order = "<<byte_order<<std::endl;
-		outfile<<"x start = "<<x_start<<std::endl;
-		outfile<<"y start = "<<y_start<<std::endl;
-		outfile<<"wavelength units = "<<wavelength_units<<std::endl;
-		outfile<<"z plot titles = {";
-			outfile<<z_plot_titles[0]<<", "<<z_plot_titles[1]<<"}"<<std::endl;
-		outfile<<"pixel size = {"<<pixel_size[0]<<", "<<pixel_size[1]<<", units=Meters}"<<std::endl;
-		if(band_names.size() > 0)
-		{
-			outfile<<"band names = {"<<std::endl;
-			for(unsigned int i=0; i<band_names.size(); i++)
-			{
-				outfile<<band_names[i];
-				if(i < band_names.size() - 1)
-					outfile<<", ";
-			}
-			outfile<<"}"<<std::endl;
-		}
-		//if there is a list of wavelengths, output it
-		if(wavelength.size()){
-			outfile<<"wavelength = {"<<std::endl;
-				for(unsigned int i=0; i<wavelength.size()-1; i++)
-					outfile<<wavelength[i]<<", ";
-				outfile<<wavelength.back()<<"}"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		outfile.close();
-	}
-
-	void save()
-	{
-        //std::cout<<"ENVI Header Name: "<<name<<std::endl;
-		save(name);
-	}
-
-	//returns the size of a single value (in bytes)
-	unsigned int valsize()
-	{
-		switch(data_type)
-		{
-		case int8:			//1 = 8-bit byte
-			return 1;
-		case int16:			//16-bit signed integer
-		case uint16:		//16-bit unsigned integer
-			return 2;
-		case int32:			//32-bit signed long integer
-		case float32:		//32-bit floating point
-		case uint32:		//32-bit unsigned long integer
-			return 4;
-		case float64:		//64-bit double-precision floating point
-		case complex32:		//32-bit complex value
-		case int64:		    //64-bit signed long integer
-		case uint64:		//64-bit unsigned long integer
-			return 8;
-		case complex64:		//64-bit complex value
-			return 16;
-		default:
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-	}
-};		//end EnviHeader
-}
-#endif
diff --git a/gl/error.h b/gl/error.h
deleted file mode 100644
index d9324ef..0000000
--- a/gl/error.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_OPENGL_ERROR
-#define RTS_OPENGL_ERROR
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <GL/gl.h>
-#include <GL/glu.h>
-
-#define CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR \
-{ GLenum error; \
-   while ( (error = glGetError()) != GL_NO_ERROR) { \
-   printf( "OpenGL ERROR: %s\nCHECK POINT: %s (line %d)\n", gluErrorString(error), __FILE__, __LINE__ ); \
-   } \
-}
-
-#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gl/gl_spider.h b/gl/gl_spider.h
deleted file mode 100644
index c28c257..0000000
--- a/gl/gl_spider.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,580 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef STIM_GL_SPIDER_H
-#define STIM_GL_SPIDER_H
-
-#include <GL/glew.h>
-#include <GL/glut.h>
-#include <cuda.h>
-#include <cuda_gl_interop.h>
-#include <cudaGL.h>
-#include <math.h>
-#include "gl_texture.h"
-#include "../visualization/camera.h"
-#include "./error.h"
-#include "../math/vector.h"
-#include "../math/rect.h"
-#include "../cuda/cost.h"
-#include "../cuda/glbind.h"
-
-namespace stim
-{
-
-template<typename T>
-class gl_spider : public virtual gl_texture<T>
-{
-	//doen't use gl_texture really, just needs the GLuint id.
-	//doesn't even need the texture iD really.
-	private:
-		stim::camera rotator;
-		stim::vec<float> position;  	//vector designating the position of the spider.
-		stim::vec<float> direction;	//vector designating the orientation of the spider
-						//always a unit vector.
-		stim::vec<float> magnitude;	//magnitude of the direction vector.
-						//mag[0] = length.
-						//mag[1] = width.
-		using gl_texture<T>::texID;
-		//float (*S)[][];
-		//using image_stack<T>::S;
-		cudaArray* c_Array;
-		//void** devPtr;
-		//size_t size;
-		cudaGraphicsResource_t resource;
-		GLuint fboID;
-		GLuint texbufferID;
-
-		void
-		findOptimalDirection()
-		{
-			/* Method for finding the best direction for the spider.
-			   Uses the camera to rotate. Then Calls Evaluate to find new cost.
-			*/
-		}
-
-		void
-		findOptimalPosition()
-		{
-			/* Method for finding the best direction for the spider.
-			   Not sure if necessary since the next position for the spider
-			   will be at direction * magnitude. */
-		}
-	
-		void
-		findOptimalScale()
-		{
-			/* Method for finding the best scale for the spider.
-			   changes the x, y, z size of the spider to minimize the cost
-			   function. */
-		}
-
-		void
-		Evaluate()
-		{	
-			/* Uses uniform sampler2D in order to take a difference between
-			   the colors of two textures. 1st texture is the spider template,
-			   the 2nd is the location of the spider's overlap with the
-			   gl_template 
-	
-			   does the spider need to track it's location? Prob not since
-			   position can be set with gl_texture coordinates */
-		
-		}
-		
-		void
-		Optimize()
-		{
-			/*find the optimum direction and scale */ 
-		}
-		/*
-		void
-		Step()
-		{
-			// move to the new position 
-		}
-		*/
-		
-		void
-		GenerateFBO(unsigned int width, unsigned int height)
-		{
-			glGenFramebuffers(1, &fboID);
-			glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fboID);
-			int numChannels = 1;
-			unsigned char* texels = new unsigned char[width * height * numChannels];
-			glGenTextures(1, &texbufferID);
-			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texbufferID);
-			glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
-			glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
-			glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
-			glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
-			glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_LUMINANCE,
-				 width, height, 0, GL_LUMINANCE, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, texels);   
-			delete[] texels;
-			glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0); 
-			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
-		}
-
-		void
-		UpdateBuffer(float v_x, float v_y)
-		{	
-			//std::cout << v_y << std::endl;
-			float len = 10.0;
-			stim::vec<float>p1; 
-        	        stim::vec<float>p2; 
-	                stim::vec<float>p3; 
-                	stim::vec<float>p4;	
-			p1 = hor.p(1,1);
-			p2 = hor.p(1,0);
-			p3 = hor.p(0,0);
-			p4 = hor.p(0,1);
-			glBegin(GL_QUADS);
-				glTexCoord3f(
-					p1[0],
-					p1[1],
-					p1[2]
-					);
-				//glVertex2f(0.0,0.0);
-				glVertex2f(v_x,v_y);
-				glTexCoord3f(
-					p2[0],
-					p2[1],
-					p2[2]
-					);
-				//glVertex2f(1.0, 0.0);
-				glVertex2f(v_x+len, v_y);
-				glTexCoord3f(
-					p3[0],
-					p3[1],
-					p3[2]
-					);
-				//glVertex2f(1.0, 2.0);
-				glVertex2f(v_x+len, v_y+len);
-				glTexCoord3f(
-					p4[0],
-					p4[1],
-					p4[2]
-					);
-				//glVertex2f(0.0, 2.0);
-				glVertex2f(v_x, v_y+len);
-			 glEnd();
-			 p1 = ver.p(1,1);
-			 p2 = ver.p(1,0);
-			 p3 = ver.p(0,0);
-			 p4 = ver.p(0,1);
-		 	 glBegin(GL_QUADS);
-				glTexCoord3f(
-					p1[0],
-					p1[1],
-					p1[2]
-					);
-				//glVertex2f(1.0, 0.0);
-				glVertex2f(v_x+len, v_y);
-				glTexCoord3f(
-					p2[0],
-					p2[1],
-					p2[2]
-					);
-				//glVertex2f(2.0, 0.0);
-				glVertex2f(v_x+2*len, v_y);
-				glTexCoord3f(
-					p3[0],
-					p3[1],
-					p3[2]
-					);
-				//glVertex2f(2.0, 2.0);
-				glVertex2f(v_x+2*len, v_y+len);
-				glTexCoord3f(
-					p4[0],
-					p4[1],
-					p4[2]
-					);
-				//glVertex2f(1.0, 2.0);
-				glVertex2f(v_x+len, v_y+len);
-			glEnd();
-		}
-
-		void
-		Update(float v_x, float v_y, vec<float> dir)
-		{
-			vec<float> Y(1.0,0.0,0.0);
-			if(cos(Y.dot(dir))< 0.087){
-				Y[0] = 0.0; Y[1] = 1.0;}
-			hor = stim::rect<float>(magnitude, position, dir.norm(),
-				((Y.cross(dir)).cross(dir)).norm());
-			ver = stim::rect<float>(magnitude, position, dir.norm(),
-				 hor.n());
-			UpdateBuffer(v_x, v_y);
-		}
-
-
-		void
-		Sample(vec<float> in = (0,0,1), int numSamples = 1089, int solidAngle = M_PI/2)
-		{
-			GenerateFBO(20, numSamples*10);
-
-			float samples[numSamples][3];    	//Set up the variables
-							 	//necessary for sample generation
-			vec<float> d_s = in.cart2sph();
-			vec<float> temp;
-			int dim = (sqrt(numSamples)-1)/2;
-			std::cout << dim << std::endl;
-			float y_0 	= 0.0;
-			float len 	= 10.0;
-			float p0  	= M_PI/3;
-			float dt  	= solidAngle/(1.0 * dim);
-			float dp  	= p0/(1.0*dim);
-	
-			
-			glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fboID);//set up GL buffer		
-			glFramebufferTexture2D(
-				GL_FRAMEBUFFER,
-				GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,
-				GL_TEXTURE_2D,
-				texbufferID,
-				0);
-			glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fboID);
-			GLenum DrawBuffers[1] = {GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0};
-			glDrawBuffers(1, DrawBuffers);
-			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texbufferID);
-			glClearColor(0,0,0,0);
-			glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
-			glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
-			glLoadIdentity();
-			glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
-			glLoadIdentity();
-			glViewport(0,0,2.0*len, numSamples*len);
-			gluOrtho2D(0.0,2.0*len,0.0,numSamples*len);
-			glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_3D);
-			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_3D, texID);
-			
-			//Loop over the samples
-			int idx;
-			for(int i = -dim; i <= dim; i++){
-				for(int j = -dim; j <= dim; j++){
-					//Create linear index
-					idx = (i+dim)*(dim*2+1) + (j+dim);
-		//			std::cerr << i+dim << "," << j+dim << ":" << idx << std::endl;
-
-					temp[0] = 1; 			//rotate vector
-					temp[1] = d_s[1]+dt*i;
-					temp[2] = d_s[2]+dp*j;
-
-					temp = temp.sph2cart();		//back to cart
-					samples[idx][0] = temp[0];	//save sample vector
-					samples[idx][1] = temp[1];
-					samples[idx][2] = temp[2];
-
-					Update(0.0, y_0+(idx)*10, temp); 
-				}
-			}
-			//Finalize GL_buffer
-			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_3D, 0);                      
-			glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_3D);
-			glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER,0);
-			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
-		}
-
-	public:
-
-		stim::rect<float> hor;
-		stim::rect<float> ver;	
-
-
-		gl_spider
-		()
-		{
-			setPosition(0.0,0.0,0.0);
-			setDirection(1.0,1.0,1.0);
-			setMagnitude(0.1,0.1);
-			//GenerateFBO(400,200);
-			//Update();
-		}
-
-		gl_spider
-		(vec<float> pos, vec<float> dir, vec<float> mag)
-		{
-			position = pos;
-			direction = dir;
-			magnitude = mag;
-			//GenerateFBO(400,200);
-			//Update();
-		}
-		//temporary cost for convenience.	
-		gl_spider
-		(float pos_x, float pos_y, float pos_z, float dir_x, float dir_y, float dir_z,
-			float mag_x, float mag_y)
-		{
-			setPosition(pos_x, pos_y, pos_z);
-			setDirection(dir_x, dir_y, dir_z);
-			setMagnitude(mag_x, mag_y);
-			//GenerateFBO(400,200);
-			//Update();
-		}
-		
-		void
-		attachSpider(GLuint id)
-		{
-			texID = id;
-			Sample(direction);
-			//GenerateFBO(20,10000);
-		//	Update();
-		//	generateVectorField(direction, 4.0);
-		}
-
-		void
-		Update()
-		{
-			vec<float> Y(1.0,0.0,0.0);
-			if(cos(Y.dot(direction))< 0.087){
-				Y[0] = 0.0; Y[1] = 1.0;}
-			hor = stim::rect<float>(magnitude, position, direction.norm(),
-				((Y.cross(direction)).cross(direction)).norm());
-			ver = stim::rect<float>(magnitude, position, direction.norm(),
-				 hor.n());
-			//UpdateBuffer();
-			generateVectorField(direction, 4.0);
-		}
-
-		
-		vec<float>
-		getPosition()
-		{
-			return position;
-		}
-	
-		vec<float>
-		getDirection()
-		{
-			return direction;
-		}
-
-		vec<float>
-		getMagnitude()
-		{
-			return magnitude;
-		}
-	
-		void
-		setPosition(vec<float> pos)
-		{
-			position = pos;
-		}
-		
-		void
-		setPosition(float x, float y, float z)
-		{
-			position[0] = x;
-			position[1] = y;
-			position[2] = z;
-		}
-
-		void
-		setDirection(vec<float> dir)
-		{
-			direction = dir;
-		}
-		
-		void
-		setDirection(float x, float y, float z)
-		{
-			direction[0] = x;
-			direction[1] = y;
-			direction[2] = z;
-		}
-		
-		void
-		setMagnitude(vec<float> mag)
-		{
-			magnitude = mag;
-		}
-		
-		void
-		setMagnitude(float x, float y)
-		{
-			magnitude[0] = x;
-			magnitude[1] = y;
-		}
-	
-		GLuint
-		getFB()
-		{
-			return fboID;
-		}
-
-		void
-		Step()
-		{
-			std::cout << position[0] << "," << position[1] << "," << position[1]
-				<< std::endl;
-			setPosition(direction*magnitude[1]/2+position);
-			Update();
-			std::cout << position[0] << "," << position[1] << "," << position[1]
-				<< std::endl;
-			
-		}
-
-		void
-		UpdateBuffer()
-		{	
-			stim::vec<float>p1; 
-        	        stim::vec<float>p2; 
-	                stim::vec<float>p3; 
-                	stim::vec<float>p4;	
-			glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fboID);
-			glFramebufferTexture2D(
-				GL_FRAMEBUFFER,
-				GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,
-				GL_TEXTURE_2D,
-				texbufferID,
-				0);
-			glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fboID);
-			GLenum DrawBuffers[1] = {GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0};
-			glDrawBuffers(1, DrawBuffers);
-			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texbufferID);
-			glClearColor(0,0,0,0);
-			glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
-			glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
-			glLoadIdentity();
-			glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
-			glLoadIdentity();
-			glViewport(0,0,400,200);
-			gluOrtho2D(0.0,2.0,0.0,2.0);
-			glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_3D);
-			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_3D, texID);
-			p1 = hor.p(1,1);
-			p2 = hor.p(1,0);
-			p3 = hor.p(0,0);
-			p4 = hor.p(0,1);
-			glBegin(GL_QUADS);
-				glTexCoord3f(
-					p1[0],
-					p1[1],
-					p1[2]
-					);
-				glVertex2f(0.0,0.0);
-				glTexCoord3f(
-					p2[0],
-					p2[1],
-					p2[2]
-					);
-				glVertex2f(1.0, 0.0);
-				glTexCoord3f(
-					p3[0],
-					p3[1],
-					p3[2]
-					);
-				glVertex2f(1.0, 2.0);
-				glTexCoord3f(
-					p4[0],
-					p4[1],
-					p4[2]
-					);
-				glVertex2f(0.0, 2.0);
-			 glEnd();
-			 p1 = ver.p(1,1);
-			 p2 = ver.p(1,0);
-			 p3 = ver.p(0,0);
-			 p4 = ver.p(0,1);
-		 	 glBegin(GL_QUADS);
-				glTexCoord3f(
-					p1[0],
-					p1[1],
-					p1[2]
-					);
-				glVertex2f(1.0, 0.0);
-				glTexCoord3f(
-					p2[0],
-					p2[1],
-					p2[2]
-					);
-				glVertex2f(2.0, 0.0);
-				glTexCoord3f(
-					p3[0],
-					p3[1],
-					p3[2]
-					);
-				glVertex2f(2.0, 2.0);
-				glTexCoord3f(
-					p4[0],
-					p4[1],
-					p4[2]
-					);
-				glVertex2f(1.0, 2.0);
-			glEnd();
-			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_3D, 0);                      
-			glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_3D);
-			glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER,0);
-			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
-		}
-
-		
-		void
-		generateVectorField(stim::vec<float> d, float dim)
-		{
-			vec<float> d_s = d.cart2sph();
-			vec<float> temp;
-			float Dim 	= (float) dim;
-			float y_0 	= 0.0;
-			float x_0 	= 0.0;
-			float len 	= 4.0/(2.0*Dim+1.0);
-			float t0  	= M_PI/2;
-			float p0  	= M_PI/3;
-			float dt  	= t0/Dim;
-			float dp  	= p0/Dim;
-			for(int i = -dim; i <= dim; i++){
-				for(int j = -dim; j <= dim; j++){
-					//field[i+dim][j+dim][0] = d[0];
-					//field[i+dim][j+dim][1] = d[1]+dt*i;
-					//field[i+dim][j+dim][2] = d[2]+dp*j;
-					temp[0] = 1;
-					temp[1] = d_s[1]+dt*i;
-					temp[2] = d_s[2]+dp*j;
-					temp = temp.sph2cart();
-					Update(x_0+2.0*(i+dim)*len, y_0+(j+dim)*len, temp); 
-				}
-			}
-			
-		}
-		                                                                   
-
-
-
-		void
-		initCuda()
-		{	
-			stim::cudaSetDevice();
-			GLint max;
-			glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE, &max);
-			std::cout << max << std::endl;
-		}
-		
-		void
-		createResource()
-		{
-			HANDLE_ERROR(
-				cudaGraphicsGLRegisterImage(
-					 &resource,
-				 	texbufferID,
-				 	GL_TEXTURE_2D,
-				 	//CU_GRAPHICS_REGISTER_FLAGS_NONE)
-					cudaGraphicsMapFlagsReadOnly)
-			);
-		} 
-		
-		void
-		destroyResource()
-		{
-			HANDLE_ERROR(
-				cudaGraphicsUnregisterResource(resource)
-			);		
-		}
-
-
-		int
-		getCost()
-		{
-			createResource();
-			int cost = 	get_cost(resource);
-			destroyResource();
-			return cost;
-		}
-};
-}
-#endif
diff --git a/gl/gl_texture.h b/gl/gl_texture.h
deleted file mode 100644
index d99164c..0000000
--- a/gl/gl_texture.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,219 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef STIM_GL_TEXTURE_H
-#define STIM_GL_TEXTURE_H
-
-
-
-
-/*
-includes not necessary (yet)
-
-#include <iterator>
-#include <algorithm>
-
-
-*/
-
-#include <math.h>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <vector>
-#include "../grids/image_stack.h"
-#include <GL/glut.h>
-//#include <GL/glext.h>
-#include "./error.h"	
-namespace stim{
-
-/*
-class gl_texture
-	Uses image_stack class in order to create a texture object.
-*/
-
-template<typename T>
-class gl_texture : public virtual image_stack<T>
-{
-	private:
-		/*
-		Method: setTextureType
-		Inputs:
-		Outputs:
-			Sets the internal texture_type, based on the data
-			size. Either 3D, 2D, 1D textures.
-		*/
-
-		void
-		setTextureType()
-		{
-			if (R[3] > 1)
-				texture_type = GL_TEXTURE_3D;
-			else if (R[3] == 1 && R[2] == 0)
-				texture_type = GL_TEXTURE_1D;
-			else if (R[3] == 1)
-				texture_type = GL_TEXTURE_2D;
-		}
-	protected:
-		std::string path;
-		GLuint texID;				//OpenGL object
-		GLenum texture_type;			//1D, 2D, 3D
-		using image_stack<T>::R;
-		using image_stack<T>::ptr;
-		using image_stack<T>::samples;
-
-	public:
-
-		/*
-		Method: Basic Constructor
-		Inputs:
-		Outputs:
-			Creates an instance of the gl_texture object.
-		*/
-		gl_texture()
-		{
-		
-		}
-
-		/*
-		Method: Path Constructor
-		Inputs: string file_path
-		Outputs:
-			Creates an instance of the gl_texture object with a path to the data.
-		*/
-
-		gl_texture(std::string file_path)
-		{
-			path = file_path;
-			image_stack<T>::load_images(path.append("/*.jpg"));
-			setTextureType();
-		}
-
-		/*
-		Method: setPath
-		Inputs:string file_Path
-		Outputs:
-			sets the protected path variable of an instance of the gl_texture class
-			to the method input.
-		*/
-
-		void
-		setPath(std::string file_path)
-		{
-			path = file_path;
-			image_stack<T>::load_images(path.append("/*.jpg"));
-			setTextureType();
-		}
-		
-		/*
-		Method: getPath
-		Inputs:
-		Outputs: string path
-			Returns the path associated with an instance of the gl_texture class.
-		*/
-
-		std::string
-		getPath()
-		{
-			return path;
-		}
-
-		/*
-		Method: getTexture
-		Inputs:
-		Outputs: GLuint texID
-			Returns the id of the texture create by/associated with the 
-			instance of the gl_texture class.
-		*/
-				
-		GLuint
-		getTexture()
-		{
-			return texID;
-		}
-	
-		/*
-		Method: createTexture
-		Inputs:
-		Outputs:
-			Creates a texture and from the data located at <path> and
-			assigns that texture to texID
-		*/
-		//TO DO :::: 1D textures
-	        //TO DO:::add methods for handling the cases of T
-		// and convert them to GL equivalent.
-		// i.e. an overloaded function that handles paramenter conversion.	
-		void
-		createTexture()
-		{
-			glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT,1);
-			glGenTextures(1, &texID);
-			glBindTexture(texture_type, texID);
-			glTexParameteri(texture_type,
-				 GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,
-				 GL_LINEAR);
-			glTexParameteri(texture_type,
-				 GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,
-				 GL_LINEAR);
-			switch(texture_type)
-			{
-				case GL_TEXTURE_3D:
-					glTexParameteri(texture_type,
-						 GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
-					glTexParameteri(texture_type,
-						 GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
-					glTexParameteri(texture_type,
-						 GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R, GL_REPEAT);
-					glTexImage3D(texture_type,
-						0,
-					//	GL_RGB16,
-						1,
-						R[1],
-						R[2],
-						R[3],
-						0,
-						GL_LUMINANCE,
-						GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 
-						ptr);
-					//GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE can be TYPES, convert to GL equivalents
-					glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT,1);
-					break;
-				case GL_TEXTURE_2D:
-					glTexParameteri(texture_type,
-						 GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
-					glTexParameteri(texture_type,
-						 GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
-					glTexImage2D(texture_type,
-						0,
-						1,
-						R[1],
-						R[2],
-						0,
-						GL_LUMINANCE,
-						GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 
-						ptr);
-					break;
-			}
-		}
-		/*
-			Temporary methods for debugging and testing are below.
-			Self-explanatory.
-		*/
-		stim::vec<unsigned long,4>
-		getDims()
-		{
-			return R;
-		}
-		
-		T*
-		getData()
-		{
-			return ptr;
-		}
-		
-
-		
-	};
-}
-
-
-	
-	
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/gl/rtsSourceCode.h b/gl/rtsSourceCode.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 0ff6c25..0000000
--- a/gl/rtsSourceCode.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTSSOURCECODE_H
-#define RTSSOURCECODE_H
-
-#include <string>
-#include <fstream>
-#include <vector>
-#include <iostream>
-
-using namespace std;
-
-///This class defines generic source code that can be loaded from text files.  It is primarily used by the rts_glShaderProgram class for GLSL programming.
-
-class rtsSourceCode
-{
-public:
-	vector<string> source;			//the actual source code
-	void clear()					///<Clears any current source code from the class.
-	{
-		source.clear();
-	}
-	void LoadSource(const char* filename)	///<Loads source code from a specified file.
-	{
-		ifstream infile;		//create an input file
-		infile.open(filename);	//load the specified file
-	
-		if(!infile.is_open())	//if the file is not open, exit
-		{
-			return;
-		}
-		source.clear();			//remove any previous code
-
-		while(!infile.eof())
-		{
-			string current_line;		
-			getline(infile, current_line);
-			current_line += '\n';
-			source.push_back(current_line);
-		}
-	}
-	rtsSourceCode(const char* filename)	///<Constructor creates the class and loads source code from the specified file.
-	{
-		LoadSource(filename);
-	}
-	rtsSourceCode(){}						///<Constructor creates a blank class.
-	rtsSourceCode& operator+=(const rtsSourceCode& rhs)
-	{
-		int lines = rhs.source.size();
-		for(int l=0; l<lines; l++)
-			source.push_back(rhs.source[l]);
-		return *this;
-	}
-	rtsSourceCode& operator+=(const string& rhs)
-	{
-		source.push_back(rhs);
-		return *this;
-	}
-	void ConsoleOut()						///<Sends the source code to the standard output.
-	{
-		unsigned int lines = source.size();
-		for(unsigned int l = 0; l<lines; l++)
-			cout<<l<<":  "<<source[l];
-	}
-};
-
-#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gl/rts_glShaderObject.h b/gl/rts_glShaderObject.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 85a96c5..0000000
--- a/gl/rts_glShaderObject.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_GLSHADERS
-#define RTS_GLSHADERS
-
-#include <GL/glew.h>
-//#include "windows.h"
-#include <GL/gl.h>
-#include "rtsSourceCode.h"
-
-class rts_glShaderObject
-{
-private:
-	void init()
-	{
-		id = 0;
-		compiled = false;
-		type = GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER;
-	}
-public:
-	bool compiled;
-	GLenum type;
-	rtsSourceCode source;
-	GLuint id;
-	string log;
-
-	rts_glShaderObject(GLenum type, const char* filename)
-	{
-		init();					//initialize the shader
-		SetType(type);	//set the shader type
-		LoadSource(filename);	//load the source code
-	}
-	rts_glShaderObject(GLenum type, rtsSourceCode sourceCode)
-	{
-		init();					//initialize the shader
-		SetType(type);	//set the shader type
-		source = sourceCode;
-	}
-	rts_glShaderObject()
-	{
-		init();
-	}
-	rts_glShaderObject(GLenum type)
-	{
-		init();
-		SetType(type);
-	}
-	void LoadSource(const char* filename)
-	{
-		source = rtsSourceCode(filename);	//get the shader source code
-
-	}
-	void SetType(GLenum type)
-	{
-		if(id != 0)					//if a shader currently exists, delete it
-		{
-			glDeleteShader(id);
-			id = 0;
-		}
-		type = type;
-		id = glCreateShader(type);		//create a shader object
-		if(id == 0)						//if a shader was not created, log an error
-		{
-			log = "Error getting shader ID from OpenGL";
-			return;
-		}
-	}
-	void UploadSource()
-	{
-		//create the structure for the shader source code
-		GLsizei count = source.source.size();
-		GLchar** code_string = new GLchar*[count];
-		GLint* length = new GLint[count];
-		for(int l = 0; l<count; l++)	//for each line of code
-		{
-			length[l] = source.source[l].size();
-			code_string[l] = new GLchar[length[l]];	//copy the string into a new structure
-			source.source[l].copy(code_string[l], (unsigned int)length[l]);
-
-		}
-		glShaderSource(id, count, (const GLchar**)code_string, length);		//attach the shader source
-	}
-	void Compile()
-	{
-		/*
-		This function compiles the shader source code, records any errors to a log, and sets the compiled flag.
-		*/
-		//send the source code to the GPU
-		UploadSource();
-
-		//compile the shader
-		glCompileShader(id);												//compile the shader
-		GLint compile_status;
-		glGetShaderiv(id, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &compile_status);				//get the compile status
-		if(compile_status != GL_TRUE)	//if there was an error
-		{
-			GLchar buffer[1000];		//create a log buffer
-			GLsizei length;
-			glGetShaderInfoLog(id, 1000, &length, buffer);	//get the log
-			log = buffer;
-			compiled = false;
-		}
-		else
-			compiled = true;
-
-	}
-	void PrintLog()
-	{
-		cout<<log;
-		if(log.size() != 0) cout<<endl;
-	}
-	void Clean(){if(id != 0) glDeleteShader(id);}
-};
-
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/gl/rts_glShaderProgram.h b/gl/rts_glShaderProgram.h
deleted file mode 100644
index a39f375..0000000
--- a/gl/rts_glShaderProgram.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,295 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_GLSHADERPROGRAM_H
-#define RTS_GLSHADERPROGRAM_H
-
-/*********************************************************
-//create a shader program
-	rts_glShaderProgram myProgram;
-//initialize
-	myProgram.Init();
-//Attach shaders
-	myProgram.AttachShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, "filename.glsl");
-//Compile and link
-	myProgram.Compile();
-	myProgram.Link();
-	myProgram.PrintLog();
-//attach uniform variables
-	myProgram.AttachTextureMap("texture", texture);
-	myProgram.AttachGlobalUniform("light_intensity", &intensity);
-
-//use the program
-	myProgram.BeginProgram();
-	//render
-	myProgram.EndProgram();
-**********************************************************/
-
-
-#include "rts_glShaderObject.h"
-#include "rts_glShaderUniform.h"
-#include "rts_glTextureMap.h"
-#include <algorithm>
-
-using namespace std;
-
-class rts_glShaderProgram
-{
-private:
-	void get_uniforms()
-	{
-		GLint num_uniforms;
-		glGetProgramiv(id, GL_ACTIVE_UNIFORMS, &num_uniforms);		//get the number of uniform variables
-		GLint max_name_length;
-		glGetProgramiv(id, GL_ACTIVE_UNIFORM_MAX_LENGTH, &max_name_length);	//get the maximum uniform name length
-		GLchar* name_buffer = new GLchar[max_name_length];			//create a buffer to store the name
-		GLsizei length;						//I'm not using these yet
-		GLint size;
-		GLenum type;						//variable's data type
-		GLint location;						//GPU location of the variable
-		for(int i=0; i<num_uniforms; i++)		//create an rts_glShaderUniform structure for each variable
-		{
-			glGetActiveUniform(id, i, max_name_length, &length, &size, &type, name_buffer);	//get the uniform information
-			location = glGetUniformLocation(id, name_buffer);		//get the GPU location of the variable
-			//create the rts_glShaderUniform structure
-			rts_glShaderUniform current;
-			current.location = location;
-			current.name = name_buffer;
-			current.type = type;
-			current.p_value = NULL;
-
-
-			uniform_list.push_back(current);
-		}
-
-	}
-	int get_index(const char* name)
-	{
-		unsigned int size = uniform_list.size();
-		for(unsigned int i=0; i<size; i++)
-		{
-			if(uniform_list[i].name == name)
-				return i;
-		}
-		return -1;
-	}
-	string log;
-public:
-	GLuint id;
-	bool linked;
-	vector<rts_glShaderObject> shader_list;	//list of opengl shaders
-	vector<rts_glShaderUniform> uniform_list;	//list of active uniform variables
-	vector<rts_glTextureMap> texture_list;		//list of texture maps
-
-	rts_glShaderProgram()
-	{
-		linked = false;
-		id = 0;
-	}
-	void AttachShader(rts_glShaderObject shader)
-	{
-		if(id == 0)
-		{
-			Init();
-		}
-		if(shader.id == 0)	//if the shader is invalid
-		{
-			log = "Shader is invalid";
-			return;
-		}
-
-		//attach the shader to the program
-		glAttachShader(id, shader.id);			//attach the shader to the program in OpenGL
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		shader_list.push_back(shader);			//push the shader onto our list for later access
-	}
-	//type = GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER or GL_VERTEX_SHADER
-	void AttachShader(GLenum type, const char* filename)
-	{
-		rts_glShaderObject shader(type, filename);
-		AttachShader(shader);
-	}
-	void AttachShader(GLenum type, rtsSourceCode source)
-	{
-		rts_glShaderObject shader(type, source);
-		AttachShader(shader);
-	}
-	void PrintLog()
-	{
-		cout<<log;
-
-		if(log.size() != 0) cout<<endl;
-	}
-	void Compile()
-	{
-		if(shader_list.size() == 0)
-		{
-			log = "No shaders to compile";
-			return;
-		}
-
-		vector<rts_glShaderObject>::iterator iter;
-		for(iter = shader_list.begin(); iter != shader_list.end(); iter++)
-		{
-			(*iter).Compile();
-			//(*iter).PrintLog();
-		}
-	}
-	void Link()
-	{
-		glLinkProgram(id);				//link the current shader program
-		GLint link_status;				//test to see if the link went alright
-		glGetProgramiv(id, GL_LINK_STATUS, &link_status);
-		if(link_status != GL_TRUE)
-		{
-			linked = false;
-		}
-		else
-			linked = true;
-
-		GLsizei length;
-		GLchar buffer[1000];
-		glGetProgramInfoLog(id, 1000, &length, buffer);
-		log = buffer;
-
-		get_uniforms();			//create the list of active uniform variables
-	}
-	void BeginProgram()
-	{
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		if(id == 0)				//if the program is invalid, return
-		{
-			log = "Invalid program, cannot use.";
-			return;
-		}
-		if(!linked)
-		{
-			cout<<"Shader Program used without being linked."<<endl;
-			//exit(1);
-		}
-
-		//set up all of the texture maps
-		int num_textures = texture_list.size();
-
-		for(int t=0; t<num_textures; t++)
-		{
-			glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + t);
-			CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-			//glEnable(texture_list[t].texture_type);
-			//CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-			glBindTexture(texture_list[t].texture_type, texture_list[t].name);
-			CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		}
-
-		glUseProgram(id);
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-	}
-	void EndProgram()
-	{
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		//return standard functionality
-		int num_textures = texture_list.size();
-
-		//disable all texture units
-		for(int t=0; t<num_textures; t++)
-		{
-			glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + t);
-			glDisable(texture_list[t].texture_type);
-			CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		}
-		//make sure that the single default texture unit is active
-		if(num_textures > 0)
-			glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-
-		//return to OpenGL default shading
-		glUseProgram(0);
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-	}
-	void PrintUniforms()
-	{
-		cout<<"Shader Uniforms: "<<endl;
-		unsigned int i;
-		for(i=0; i<uniform_list.size(); i++)
-		{
-			cout<<i<<":  "<<uniform_list[i].name<<"          "<<uniform_list[i].location<<endl;
-		}
-	}
-	void AttachGlobalUniform(unsigned int index, void* param)		//attaches a global variable to the indexed uniform parameter
-	{
-		uniform_list[index].p_value = param;
-	}
-	void AttachGlobalUniform(const char* name, void* param)
-	{
-		//find the index of the shader
-		int index = get_index(name);
-		if(index != -1)
-			AttachGlobalUniform(index, param);
-		else
-		{
-			string strError = "Error finding uniform variable: ";
-			strError += name;
-			cout<<strError<<endl;
-		}
-	}
-	void AttachTextureMap(unsigned int index, rts_glTextureMap texture)	//attaches a texture map to the program
-	{
-		//if there is not a texture map assigned to the variable
-		if(uniform_list[index].p_value == NULL)
-		{
-			uniform_list[index].p_value = new unsigned int[1];
-			((unsigned int*)uniform_list[index].p_value)[0] = texture_list.size();		//set the parameter value to the index of the texture
-			texture_list.push_back(texture);						//add the texture to the texture list
-		}
-		//if there is a texture map assigned, replace it
-		else
-		{
-			texture_list[((unsigned int*)(uniform_list[index].p_value))[0]] = texture;
-		}
-
-	}
-	void AttachTextureMap(const char* name, rts_glTextureMap texture)
-	{
-		int index = get_index(name);
-		if(index != -1)		//make sure that the uniform index is valid
-			AttachTextureMap(index, texture);
-		else
-			cout<<"Error finding texture index.  Try linking."<<endl;
-	}
-	void UpdateGlobalUniforms()									//sends updated uniform information to the GPU
-	{
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		BeginProgram();
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		unsigned int num = uniform_list.size();
-		for(unsigned int i=0; i<num; i++)
-			uniform_list[i].submit_to_gpu();
-		EndProgram();
-	}
-	void Init()	//Initialize the shader program
-	{
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		if(id != 0)
-			Clean();
-		id = glCreateProgram();
-		if(id == 0)
-			log = "Error getting program ID from OpenGL";
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-	}
-	void Clean()
-	{
-		if(id != 0)
-			glDeleteProgram(id);
-		id = 0;
-
-		//these are allocated outside the object and can just be cleared
-		uniform_list.clear();
-		texture_list.clear();
-
-		//delete each shader from OpenGL
-		int num_shad = shader_list.size();
-		for(int i=0; i<num_shad; i++)
-			shader_list[i].Clean();
-		//clear the list
-		shader_list.clear();
-	}
-};
-
-#endif
diff --git a/gl/rts_glShaderUniform.h b/gl/rts_glShaderUniform.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 804da30..0000000
--- a/gl/rts_glShaderUniform.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_GLSHADERUNIFORM_H
-#define RTS_GLSHADERUNIFORM_H
-
-#include "CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR.h"
-#include <GL/glew.h>
-#include <string>
-
-using namespace std;
-
-enum rtsUniformEnum {RTS_FLOAT, RTS_INT, RTS_BOOL, RTS_FLOAT_MATRIX};
-
-///This class stores a single uniform variable for GLSL and is designed to be used by the rts_glShaderProgram class.
-struct rts_glShaderUniform
-{
-public:
-	string name;		//the name of the variable
-	GLint location;		//the location in the program
-	void* p_value;		//pointer to the global data representing the value in main memory
-	GLenum type;		//variable type (float, int, vec2, etc.)
-	//rtsUniformEnum rts_type;	//type of variable in rts format
-	//unsigned int num;		//the number of values required by the variable (1 for float, 2 for vec2, etc.)
-	string log;
-
-	//void convert_type(GLenum gl_type);		//converts the OpenGL data type to something useful for rts
-	void submit_to_gpu()
-	{
-		if(location < 0)
-			return;
-		if(p_value == NULL)
-		{
-			cout<<"Error in uniform address: "<<name<<endl;
-			return;
-		}
-	
-
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		switch(type)
-		{
-		case GL_FLOAT:
-			glUniform1fv(location, 1, (float*)p_value);
-			break;
-		case GL_FLOAT_VEC2:
-			glUniform2fv(location, 1, (float*)p_value);
-			break;
-		case GL_FLOAT_VEC3:
-			glUniform3fv(location, 1, (float*)p_value);
-			break;
-		case GL_FLOAT_VEC4:
-			glUniform4fv(location, 1, (float*)p_value);
-			break;
-		case GL_INT:
-			glUniform1iv(location, 1, (int*)p_value);
-			break;
-		case GL_INT_VEC2:
-			glUniform2iv(location, 1, (int*)p_value);
-			break;
-		case GL_INT_VEC3:
-			glUniform3iv(location, 1, (int*)p_value);
-			break;
-		case GL_INT_VEC4:
-			glUniform4iv(location, 1, (int*)p_value);
-			break;
-		case GL_BOOL:
-			glUniform1iv(location, 1, (int*)p_value);
-			break;
-		case GL_BOOL_VEC2:
-			glUniform2iv(location, 1, (int*)p_value);
-			break;
-		case GL_BOOL_VEC3:
-			glUniform3iv(location, 1, (int*)p_value);
-			break;
-		case GL_BOOL_VEC4:
-			glUniform4iv(location, 1, (int*)p_value);
-			break;
-		case GL_FLOAT_MAT2:
-			glUniformMatrix2fv(location, 1, GL_FALSE, (float*)p_value);
-			break;
-		case GL_FLOAT_MAT3:
-			glUniformMatrix3fv(location, 1, GL_FALSE, (float*)p_value);
-			break;
-		case GL_FLOAT_MAT4:
-			glUniformMatrix4fv(location, 1, GL_FALSE, (float*)p_value);
-			break;
-		case GL_SAMPLER_1D:
-		case GL_SAMPLER_2D:
-		case GL_SAMPLER_3D:
-		case GL_SAMPLER_CUBE:
-		case GL_SAMPLER_1D_SHADOW:
-		case GL_SAMPLER_2D_SHADOW:
-		default:
-			glUniform1iv(location, 1, (int*)p_value);
-			break;
-		}
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-	}
-	rts_glShaderUniform()
-	{
-		location = -1;
-		p_value = NULL;
-	}
-};
-
-
-
-#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gl/rts_glUtilities.h b/gl/rts_glUtilities.h
deleted file mode 100644
index e25a412..0000000
--- a/gl/rts_glUtilities.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_GLUTILITIES_H
-#define RTS_GLUTILITIES_H
-
-
-#define CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR \
-{ GLenum error; \
-   while ( (error = glGetError()) != GL_NO_ERROR) { \
-   printf( "OpenGL ERROR: %s\nCHECK POINT: %s (line %d)\n", gluErrorString(error), __FILE__, __LINE__ ); \
-   } \
-} 
-
-#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gl/texture.h b/gl/texture.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 56f8fbd..0000000
--- a/gl/texture.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,277 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_GLTEXTUREMAP_H
-#define RTS_GLTEXTUREMAP_H
-
-//#include <GL/glew.h>
-#include "rts/math/vector.h"
-#include "rts/gl/error.h"
-#include <stdlib.h>
-
-namespace stim{
-
-///This class stores an OpenGL texture map and is used by rts_glShaderProgram.
-class glTexture
-{
-private:
-	void get_type()			//guesses the texture type based on the size
-	{
-		if(size[1] == 0)
-			texture_type = GL_TEXTURE_1D;
-		else if(size[2] == 0)
-			texture_type = GL_TEXTURE_2D;
-		else
-			texture_type = GL_TEXTURE_3D;
-	}
-	void set_wrapping()		//set the texture wrapping based on the dimensions
-	{
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		switch(texture_type)
-		{
-		case GL_TEXTURE_3D:
-			glTexParameteri(texture_type, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R_EXT, GL_REPEAT);
-		case GL_TEXTURE_2D:
-			glTexParameteri(texture_type, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_MIRRORED_REPEAT);
-		case GL_TEXTURE_1D:
-			glTexParameteri(texture_type, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
-			break;
-		case GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB:
-			glTexParameteri(texture_type, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
-			glTexParameteri(texture_type, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
-			break;
-
-		default:
-			break;
-		}
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-	}
-	//void set_bits(GLvoid* bits);
-public:
-	vector<GLsizei, 3> size;		//vector representing the size of the texture
-	GLuint name;				//texture name assigned by OpenGL
-	GLenum texture_type;				//1D, 2D, 3D
-	GLint internal_format;	//number of components (ex. 4 for RGBA)
-	GLenum pixel_format;		//type of data (RGBA, LUMINANCE)
-	GLenum data_type;			//data type of the bits (float, int, etc.)
-
-	//constructor
-	glTexture()
-	{
-		name = 0;
-	}
-	glTexture(GLvoid *bits,
-			   GLenum type = GL_TEXTURE_2D,
-			   GLsizei width = 256,
-			   GLsizei height = 256,
-			   GLsizei depth = 0,
-			   GLint internalformat = 1,
-			   GLenum format = GL_LUMINANCE,
-			   GLenum datatype = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
-			   GLint interpolation = GL_LINEAR)
-    {
-        init(bits, type, width, height, depth, internalformat, format, datatype, interpolation);
-    }
-
-	void begin()
-	{
-		glEnable(texture_type);
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		glBindTexture(texture_type, name);
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-	}
-	void end()
-	{
-		glDisable(texture_type);
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-	}
-
-	///Creates an OpenGL texture map. This function requires basic information about the texture map as well as a pointer to the bit data describing the texture.
-	void init(GLvoid *bits,
-			   GLenum type = GL_TEXTURE_2D,
-			   GLsizei width = 256,
-			   GLsizei height = 256,
-			   GLsizei depth = 0,
-			   GLint internalformat = 1,
-			   GLenum format = GL_LUMINANCE,
-			   GLenum datatype = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
-			   GLint interpolation = GL_LINEAR)
-	{
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		if(name != 0)
-			glDeleteTextures(1, &name);
-
-
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		if(datatype == GL_FLOAT)
-		{
-			glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, 4);
-			glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 4);				//I honestly don't know what this does but it fixes problems
-		}
-		else if(datatype == GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE)
-		{
-			//glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
-			//glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
-		}
-		else if(datatype == GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT)
-		{
-			//glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 2);
-			//glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, 2);
-		}
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		glGenTextures(1, &name);							//get the texture name from OpenGL
-		//cout<<"OpenGL Name: "<<name<<endl;
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		size = vector<GLsizei, 3>(width, height, depth);		//assign the texture size
-		//get_type();											//guess the type based on the size
-		texture_type = type;						//set the type of texture
-		glEnable(texture_type);						//enable the texture map
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		glBindTexture(texture_type, name);							//bind the texture for editing
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		set_wrapping();										//set the texture wrapping parameters
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		glTexParameteri(texture_type, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, interpolation);		//set filtering
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		glTexParameteri(texture_type, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, interpolation);
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		internal_format = internalformat;					//set the number of components per pixel
-		pixel_format = format;								//set the pixel format
-		data_type = datatype;									//set the data type
-		SetBits(bits);										//send the bits to the OpenGL driver
-		glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_REPLACE);	//replace the specified vertex color
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		glDisable(texture_type);
-
-		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_3D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
-		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_3D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
-		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_3D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
-	}
-	void Clean()
-	{
-		if(name != 0)
-		{
-			glDeleteTextures(1, &name);
-			CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-			name = 0;
-		}
-	}
-	void SetBits(GLvoid *bits)
-	{
-		glEnable(texture_type);						//enable the texture map
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		glBindTexture(texture_type, name);
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-
-		switch(texture_type)
-		{
-		case GL_TEXTURE_3D:
-			glTexImage3D(texture_type, 0, internal_format, size[0], size[1], size[2], 0, pixel_format, data_type, bits);
-			CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-			break;
-		case GL_TEXTURE_2D:
-		case GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB:
-			glTexImage2D(texture_type, 0, internal_format, size[0], size[1], 0, pixel_format, data_type, bits);
-			CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-			break;
-		case GL_TEXTURE_1D:
-			glTexImage1D(texture_type, 0, internal_format, size[0], 0, pixel_format, data_type, bits);
-			CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-			break;
-		default:
-			//glTexImage2D(texture_type, 0, internal_format, size.x, size.y, 0, pixel_format, data_type, bits);
-			break;
-		}
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-	}
-	void ResetBits(GLvoid *bits)
-	{
-		glEnable(texture_type);						//enable the texture map
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		glBindTexture(texture_type, name);
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-
-		switch(texture_type)
-		{
-		case GL_TEXTURE_3D:
-			//glTexImage3D(texture_type, 0, internal_format, size.x, size.y, size.z, 0, pixel_format, data_type, bits);
-			break;
-		case GL_TEXTURE_2D:
-		case GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB:
-			glTexSubImage2D(texture_type, 0, 0, 0, size[0], size[1], pixel_format, data_type, bits);
-			CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-			break;
-		case GL_TEXTURE_1D:
-			//glTexImage1D(texture_type, 0, internal_format, size.x, 0, pixel_format, data_type, bits);
-			break;
-		default:
-			//glTexImage2D(texture_type, 0, internal_format, size.x, size.y, 0, pixel_format, data_type, bits);
-			break;
-		}
-		glDisable(texture_type);
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-	}
-	void* GetBits(GLenum format, GLenum type)
-	{
-		//returns the texture data
-
-		int components;
-		switch(format)
-		{
-		case GL_RED:
-		case GL_GREEN:
-		case GL_BLUE:
-		case GL_ALPHA:
-		case GL_LUMINANCE:
-			components = 1;
-			break;
-		case GL_LUMINANCE_ALPHA:
-			components = 2;
-			break;
-		case GL_RGB:
-		case GL_BGR:
-			components = 3;
-			break;
-		case GL_RGBA:
-		case GL_BGRA:
-			components = 4;
-			break;
-		}
-
-		int type_size;
-		switch(type)
-		{
-		case GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE:
-		case GL_BYTE:
-			type_size = sizeof(char);
-			break;
-		case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT:
-		case GL_SHORT:
-			type_size = sizeof(short);
-			break;
-		case GL_UNSIGNED_INT:
-		case GL_INT:
-			type_size = sizeof(int);
-			break;
-		case GL_FLOAT:
-			type_size = sizeof(float);
-			break;
-		}
-
-		//allocate memory for the texture
-		void* result = malloc(components*type_size * size[0] * size[1]);
-
-		begin();
-		glGetTexImage(texture_type, 0, format, type, result);
-
-		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
-		end();
-
-
-		return result;
-
-	}
-};
-
-}
-
-#define RTS_UNKNOWN				0
-
-#endif
diff --git a/grids/grid_data.h b/grids/grid_data.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 82eef7c..0000000
--- a/grids/grid_data.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef STIM_GRID_DATA_CUH
-#define STIM_GRID_DATA_CUH
-
-#include <vector>
-#include <string>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <fstream>
-
-#include "../cuda/threads.h"
-#include "../cuda/error.h"
-#include "../cuda/devices.h"
-#include "../math/vector.h"
-
-
-namespace stim{
-
-//This object describes a generic D-dimensional grid containing data of type T
-	// data can be loaded in the form of images
-	// data can be saved in the form of binary files
-template<typename T, unsigned int D = 1>
-class grid_data{
-
-protected:
-
-	stim::vec<unsigned long, D> R;		//elements in each dimension
-	T* ptr;									//pointer to the data (on the GPU or CPU)
-
-	//return the total number of values in the binary file
-	unsigned long samples(){
-
-		unsigned long s = 1;
-		for(unsigned int d = 0; d < D; d++)
-			s *= R[d];
-
-		return s;
-
-	}
-
-public:
-
-	//write data to disk
-	void write(std::string filename){
-
-		std::fstream file;
-
-		//open the file as binary for reading
-		file.open(filename.c_str(), std::ios::out | std::ios::binary);
-
-		//write file to disk
-		file.write((char *)ptr, samples() * sizeof(T));
-	}
-
-	//load a binary file from disk
-	//		header size is in bytes
-	void read(std::string filename, stim::vec<unsigned long, D> S, unsigned long header = 0){
-
-		R = S;	//set the sample resolution
-
-		std::fstream file;
-
-		//open the file as binary for writing
-		file.open(filename.c_str(), std::ios::in | std::ios::binary);
-
-		//seek past the header
-		file.seekg(header, std::ios::beg);
-
-		//read the data
-		file.read((char *)ptr, samples() * sizeof(T));
-	}
-
-
-
-};
-
-}
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/grids/image_stack.h b/grids/image_stack.h
deleted file mode 100644
index de02005..0000000
--- a/grids/image_stack.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef STIM_IMAGE_STACK_H
-#define STIM_IMAGE_STACK_H
-
-#include "../parser/wildcards.h"
-#include "../parser/filename.h"
-#include "../grids/grid_data.h"
-#include "../image/image.h"
-
-namespace stim{
-
-//this creates a class that can be used to load 3D grid data from stacks of images
-//	The class uses a 4D grid_data object, where the first dimension is color
-template<typename T>
-class image_stack : public virtual grid_data<T, 4>{
-
-	enum image_type {stimAuto, stimMono, stimRGB, stimRGBA};
-
-protected:
-	using grid_data<T, 4>::R;
-	using grid_data<T, 4>::ptr;
-	using grid_data<T, 4>::samples;
-
-public:
-
-	void load_images(std::string file_mask){
-
-		stim::filename file_path(file_mask);
-
-		//if the file path is relative, update it with the current working directory
-		if(file_path.is_relative()){
-			stim::filename wd = stim::filename::cwd();
-			file_path = wd.get_relative(file_mask);
-		}
-
-		//get the list of files
-		std::vector<stim::filename> file_list = file_path.get_list();
-
-		//if there are no matching files, exit
-		if(file_list.size() == 0){
-			std::cout<<"STIM ERROR (image_stack): No matching files for loading a stack."<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-
-		//load the first image and set all of the image_stack properties
-		std::cout<<"File to Load: "<<file_list[0].str()<<std::endl;
-		stim::image<T> I(file_list[0].str());
-
-		//set the image resolution and number of channels
-		R[0] = I.channels();
-		R[1] = I.width();
-		R[2] = I.height();
-		R[3] = file_list.size();
-
-		//allocate storage space
-		ptr = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * samples());
-
-		//load and copy each image into the grid
-		for(unsigned int i = 0; i<R[3]; i++){
-
-			//load the image
-			stim::image<T> I(file_list[i].str());
-
-			//retrieve the interlaced data from the image - store it in the grid
-			I.data_interleaved(&ptr[ i * R[0] * R[1] * R[2] ]);
-		}
-	}
-
-	void save_image(std::string file_name, unsigned int i){
-
-		//create an image
-		stim::image<T> I;
-
-		//retrieve the interlaced data from the image - store it in the grid
-		I.set_interleaved(&ptr[ i * R[0] * R[1] * R[2] ], R[1], R[2], R[0]);
-
-		I.save(file_name);
-	}
-
-	void save_images(std::string file_mask){
-
-		stim::filename file_path(file_mask);
-
-		//if the file path is relative, update it with the current working directory
-		if(file_path.is_relative()){
-			stim::filename wd = stim::filename::cwd();
-			file_path = wd.get_relative(file_mask);
-		}
-
-		//create a list of file names
-		std::vector<std::string> file_list = stim::wildcards::increment(file_path.str(), 0, R[3]-1, 1);
-
-		for(int i=0; i<R[3]; i++)
-			save_image(file_list[i], i);
-	}
-
-
-
-	
-
-};
-
-
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/image/CImg.h b/image/CImg.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 40ff3cf..0000000
--- a/image/CImg.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49596 +0,0 @@
-/*
- #
- #  File            : CImg.h
- #                    ( C++ header file )
- #
- #  Description     : The C++ Template Image Processing Toolkit.
- #                    This file is the main component of the CImg Library project.
- #                    ( http://cimg.sourceforge.net )
- #
- #  Project manager : David Tschumperle.
- #                    ( http://tschumperle.users.greyc.fr/ )
- #
- #                    A complete list of contributors is available in file 'README.txt'
- #                    distributed within the CImg package.
- #
- #  Licenses        : This file is 'dual-licensed', you have to choose one
- #                    of the two licenses below to apply.
- #
- #                    CeCILL-C
- #                    The CeCILL-C license is close to the GNU LGPL.
- #                    ( http://www.cecill.info/licences/Licence_CeCILL-C_V1-en.html )
- #
- #                or  CeCILL v2.0
- #                    The CeCILL license is compatible with the GNU GPL.
- #                    ( http://www.cecill.info/licences/Licence_CeCILL_V2-en.html )
- #
- #  This software is governed either by the CeCILL or the CeCILL-C license
- #  under French law and abiding by the rules of distribution of free software.
- #  You can  use, modify and or redistribute the software under the terms of
- #  the CeCILL or CeCILL-C licenses as circulated by CEA, CNRS and INRIA
- #  at the following URL: "http://www.cecill.info".
- #
- #  As a counterpart to the access to the source code and  rights to copy,
- #  modify and redistribute granted by the license, users are provided only
- #  with a limited warranty  and the software's author,  the holder of the
- #  economic rights,  and the successive licensors  have only  limited
- #  liability.
- #
- #  In this respect, the user's attention is drawn to the risks associated
- #  with loading,  using,  modifying and/or developing or reproducing the
- #  software by the user in light of its specific status of free software,
- #  that may mean  that it is complicated to manipulate,  and  that  also
- #  therefore means  that it is reserved for developers  and  experienced
- #  professionals having in-depth computer knowledge. Users are therefore
- #  encouraged to load and test the software's suitability as regards their
- #  requirements in conditions enabling the security of their systems and/or
- #  data to be ensured and,  more generally, to use and operate it in the
- #  same conditions as regards security.
- #
- #  The fact that you are presently reading this means that you have had
- #  knowledge of the CeCILL and CeCILL-C licenses and that you accept its terms.
- #
-*/
-
-// Set version number of the library.
-#ifndef cimg_version
-#define cimg_version 160
-
-/*-----------------------------------------------------------
- #
- # Test and possibly auto-set CImg configuration variables
- # and include required headers.
- #
- # If you find that the default configuration variables are
- # not adapted to your system, you can override their values
- # before including the header file "CImg.h"
- # (use the #define directive).
- #
- ------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-// Include standard C++ headers.
-// This is the minimal set of required headers to make CImg-based codes compile.
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <cstdarg>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <cmath>
-#include <ctime>
-#include <exception>
-
-// Detect/configure OS variables.
-//
-// Define 'cimg_OS' to: '0' for an unknown OS (will try to minize library dependencies).
-//                      '1' for a Unix-like OS (Linux, Solaris, BSD, MacOSX, Irix, ...).
-//                      '2' for Microsoft Windows.
-//                      (auto-detection is performed if 'cimg_OS' is not set by the user).
-#ifndef cimg_OS
-#if defined(unix)        || defined(__unix)      || defined(__unix__) \
- || defined(linux)       || defined(__linux)     || defined(__linux__) \
- || defined(sun)         || defined(__sun) \
- || defined(BSD)         || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) \
- || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined (__DragonFly__) \
- || defined(sgi)         || defined(__sgi) \
- || defined(__MACOSX__)  || defined(__APPLE__) \
- || defined(__CYGWIN__)
-#define cimg_OS 1
-#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(WIN32)  || defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) \
-   || defined(WIN64)    || defined(_WIN64) || defined(__WIN64__)
-#define cimg_OS 2
-#else
-#define cimg_OS 0
-#endif
-#elif !(cimg_OS==0 || cimg_OS==1 || cimg_OS==2)
-#error CImg Library: Invalid configuration variable 'cimg_OS'.
-#error (correct values are '0 = unknown OS', '1 = Unix-like OS', '2 = Microsoft Windows').
-#endif
-
-// Disable silly warnings on some Microsoft VC++ compilers.
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable:4311)
-#pragma warning(disable:4312)
-#pragma warning(disable:4800)
-#pragma warning(disable:4804)
-#pragma warning(disable:4996)
-#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_DEPRECATE 1
-#define _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE 1
-#endif
-
-// Include OS-specific headers.
-#if cimg_OS==1
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#elif cimg_OS==2
-#ifndef NOMINMAX
-#define NOMINMAX
-#endif
-#include <windows.h>
-#ifndef _WIN32_IE
-#define _WIN32_IE 0x0400
-#endif
-#include <shlobj.h>
-#include <process.h>
-#include <io.h>
-#define cimg_snprintf _snprintf
-#define cimg_vsnprintf _vsnprintf
-#endif
-#ifndef cimg_snprintf
-#include <stdio.h>
-#define cimg_snprintf snprintf
-#define cimg_vsnprintf vsnprintf
-#endif
-
-// Look for C++11 features
-#if !defined(cimg_use_cpp11) && __cplusplus>201100
-#define cimg_use_cpp11
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_use_cpp11
-#include <initializer_list>
-#include <utility>
-#endif
-
-// Configure filename separator.
-//
-// Filename separator is set by default to '/', except for Windows where it is '\'.
-#ifndef cimg_file_separator
-#if cimg_OS==2
-#define cimg_file_separator '\\'
-#else
-#define cimg_file_separator '/'
-#endif
-#endif
-
-// Configure verbosity of output messages.
-//
-// Define 'cimg_verbosity' to: '0' to hide library messages (quiet mode).
-//                             '1' to output library messages on the console.
-//                             '2' to output library messages on a basic dialog window (default behavior).
-//                             '3' to do as '1' + add extra warnings (may slow down the code!).
-//                             '4' to do as '2' + add extra warnings (may slow down the code!).
-//
-// Define 'cimg_strict_warnings' to replace warning messages by exception throwns.
-//
-// Define 'cimg_use_vt100' to allow output of color messages on VT100-compatible terminals.
-#ifndef cimg_verbosity
-#define cimg_verbosity 2
-#elif !(cimg_verbosity==0 || cimg_verbosity==1 || cimg_verbosity==2 || cimg_verbosity==3 || cimg_verbosity==4)
-#error CImg Library: Configuration variable 'cimg_verbosity' is badly defined.
-#error (should be { 0=quiet | 1=console | 2=dialog | 3=console+warnings | 4=dialog+warnings }).
-#endif
-
-// Configure display framework.
-//
-// Define 'cimg_display' to: '0' to disable display capabilities.
-//                           '1' to use the X-Window framework (X11).
-//                           '2' to use the Microsoft GDI32 framework.
-#ifndef cimg_display
-#if cimg_OS==0
-#define cimg_display 0
-#elif cimg_OS==1
-#if defined(__MACOSX__) || defined(__APPLE__)
-#define cimg_display 1
-#else
-#define cimg_display 1
-#endif
-#elif cimg_OS==2
-#define cimg_display 2
-#endif
-#elif !(cimg_display==0 || cimg_display==1 || cimg_display==2)
-#error CImg Library: Configuration variable 'cimg_display' is badly defined.
-#error (should be { 0=none | 1=X-Window (X11) | 2=Microsoft GDI32 }).
-#endif
-
-// Include display-specific headers.
-#if cimg_display==1
-#include <X11/Xlib.h>
-#include <X11/Xutil.h>
-#include <X11/keysym.h>
-#include <pthread.h>
-#ifdef cimg_use_xshm
-#include <sys/ipc.h>
-#include <sys/shm.h>
-#include <X11/extensions/XShm.h>
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_use_xrandr
-#include <X11/extensions/Xrandr.h>
-#endif
-#endif
-#ifndef cimg_appname
-#define cimg_appname "CImg"
-#endif
-
-// Configure OpenMP support.
-// (http://www.openmp.org)
-//
-// Define 'cimg_use_openmp' to enable OpenMP support.
-//
-// OpenMP directives may be used in a (very) few CImg functions to get
-// advantages of multi-core CPUs.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#include <omp.h>
-#endif
-
-// Configure OpenCV support.
-// (http://opencv.willowgarage.com/wiki/)
-//
-// Define 'cimg_use_opencv' to enable OpenCV support.
-//
-// OpenCV library may be used to access images from cameras
-// (see method 'CImg<T>::load_camera()').
-#ifdef cimg_use_opencv
-#ifdef True
-#undef True
-#define _cimg_redefine_True
-#endif
-#ifdef False
-#undef False
-#define _cimg_redefine_False
-#endif
-#include <cstddef>
-#include "cv.h"
-#include "highgui.h"
-#endif
-
-// Configure LibPNG support.
-// (http://www.libpng.org)
-//
-// Define 'cimg_use_png' to enable LibPNG support.
-//
-// PNG library may be used to get a native support of '.png' files.
-// (see methods 'CImg<T>::{load,save}_png()'.
-#ifdef cimg_use_png
-extern "C" {
-#include "png.h"
-}
-#endif
-
-// Configure LibJPEG support.
-// (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libjpeg)
-//
-// Define 'cimg_use_jpeg' to enable LibJPEG support.
-//
-// JPEG library may be used to get a native support of '.jpg' files.
-// (see methods 'CImg<T>::{load,save}_jpeg()').
-#ifdef cimg_use_jpeg
-extern "C" {
-#include "jpeglib.h"
-#include "setjmp.h"
-}
-#endif
-
-// Configure LibTIFF support.
-// (http://www.libtiff.org)
-//
-// Define 'cimg_use_tiff' to enable LibTIFF support.
-//
-// TIFF library may be used to get a native support of '.tif' files.
-// (see methods 'CImg[List]<T>::{load,save}_tiff()').
-#ifdef cimg_use_tiff
-extern "C" {
-#define uint64 uint64_hack_
-#define int64 int64_hack_
-#include "tiffio.h"
-#undef uint64
-#undef int64
-}
-#endif
-
-// Configure LibMINC2 support.
-// (http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/MINC/Reference/MINC2.0_File_Format_Reference)
-//
-// Define 'cimg_use_minc2' to enable LibMINC2 support.
-//
-// MINC2 library may be used to get a native support of '.mnc' files.
-// (see methods 'CImg<T>::{load,save}_minc2()').
-#ifdef cimg_use_minc2
-#include "minc_io_simple_volume.h"
-#include "minc_1_simple.h"
-#include "minc_1_simple_rw.h"
-#endif
-
-// Configure FFMPEG support.
-// (http://www.ffmpeg.org)
-//
-// Define 'cimg_use_ffmpeg' to enable FFMPEG lib support.
-//
-// Avcodec and Avformat libraries from FFMPEG may be used
-// to get a native support of various video file formats.
-// (see methods 'CImg[List]<T>::load_ffmpeg()').
-#ifdef cimg_use_ffmpeg
-#if (defined(_STDINT_H) || defined(_STDINT_H_)) && !defined(UINT64_C)
-#warning "__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS has to be defined before including <stdint.h>, this file will probably not compile."
-#endif
-#ifndef __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS
-#define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS // ...or stdint.h wont' define UINT64_C, needed by libavutil
-#endif
-extern "C" {
-#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
-#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
-#include <libswscale/swscale.h>
-}
-#endif
-
-// Configure Zlib support.
-// (http://www.zlib.net)
-//
-// Define 'cimg_use_zlib' to enable Zlib support.
-//
-// Zlib library may be used to allow compressed data in '.cimgz' files
-// (see methods 'CImg[List]<T>::{load,save}_cimg()').
-#ifdef cimg_use_zlib
-extern "C" {
-#include "zlib.h"
-}
-#endif
-
-// Configure Magick++ support.
-// (http://www.imagemagick.org/Magick++)
-//
-// Define 'cimg_use_magick' to enable Magick++ support.
-//
-// Magick++ library may be used to get a native support of various image file formats.
-// (see methods 'CImg<T>::{load,save}()').
-#ifdef cimg_use_magick
-#include "Magick++.h"
-#endif
-
-// Configure FFTW3 support.
-// (http://www.fftw.org)
-//
-// Define 'cimg_use_fftw3' to enable libFFTW3 support.
-//
-// FFTW3 library may be used to efficiently compute the Fast Fourier Transform
-// of image data, without restriction on the image size.
-// (see method 'CImg[List]<T>::FFT()').
-#ifdef cimg_use_fftw3
-extern "C" {
-#include "fftw3.h"
-}
-#endif
-
-// Configure LibBoard support.
-// (http://libboard.sourceforge.net/)
-//
-// Define 'cimg_use_board' to enable Board support.
-//
-// Board library may be used to draw 3d objects in vector-graphics canvas
-// that can be saved as '.ps' or '.svg' files afterwards.
-// (see method 'CImg<T>::draw_object3d()').
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-#ifdef None
-#undef None
-#define _cimg_redefine_None
-#endif
-#include "Board.h"
-#endif
-
-// Configure OpenEXR support.
-// (http://www.openexr.com/)
-//
-// Define 'cimg_use_openexr' to enable OpenEXR support.
-//
-// OpenEXR library may be used to get a native support of '.exr' files.
-// (see methods 'CImg<T>::{load,save}_exr()').
-#ifdef cimg_use_openexr
-#include "ImfRgbaFile.h"
-#include "ImfInputFile.h"
-#include "ImfChannelList.h"
-#include "ImfMatrixAttribute.h"
-#include "ImfArray.h"
-#endif
-
-// Lapack configuration.
-// (http://www.netlib.org/lapack)
-//
-// Define 'cimg_use_lapack' to enable LAPACK support.
-//
-// Lapack library may be used in several CImg methods to speed up
-// matrix computations (eigenvalues, inverse, ...).
-#ifdef cimg_use_lapack
-extern "C" {
-  extern void sgetrf_(int*, int*, float*, int*, int*, int*);
-  extern void sgetri_(int*, float*, int*, int*, float*, int*, int*);
-  extern void sgetrs_(char*, int*, int*, float*, int*, int*, float*, int*, int*);
-  extern void sgesvd_(char*, char*, int*, int*, float*, int*, float*, float*, int*, float*, int*, float*, int*, int*);
-  extern void ssyev_(char*, char*, int*, float*, int*, float*, float*, int*, int*);
-  extern void dgetrf_(int*, int*, double*, int*, int*, int*);
-  extern void dgetri_(int*, double*, int*, int*, double*, int*, int*);
-  extern void dgetrs_(char*, int*, int*, double*, int*, int*, double*, int*, int*);
-  extern void dgesvd_(char*, char*, int*, int*, double*, int*, double*, double*,
-                      int*, double*, int*, double*, int*, int*);
-  extern void dsyev_(char*, char*, int*, double*, int*, double*, double*, int*, int*);
-  extern void dgels_(char*, int*,int*,int*,double*,int*,double*,int*,double*,int*,int*);
-  extern void sgels_(char*, int*,int*,int*,float*,int*,float*,int*,float*,int*,int*);
-}
-#endif
-
-// Check if min/max/PI macros are defined.
-//
-// CImg does not compile if macros 'min', 'max' or 'PI' are defined,
-// because it redefines functions min(), max() and const variable PI in the cimg:: namespace.
-// so it '#undef' these macros if necessary, and restore them to reasonable
-// values at the end of this file.
-#ifdef min
-#undef min
-#define _cimg_redefine_min
-#endif
-#ifdef max
-#undef max
-#define _cimg_redefine_max
-#endif
-#ifdef PI
-#undef PI
-#define _cimg_redefine_PI
-#endif
-
-// Define 'cimg_library' namespace suffix.
-//
-// You may want to add a suffix to the 'cimg_library' namespace, for instance if you need to work
-// with several versions of the library at the same time.
-#ifdef cimg_namespace_suffix
-#define __cimg_library_suffixed(s) cimg_library_##s
-#define _cimg_library_suffixed(s) __cimg_library_suffixed(s)
-#define cimg_library_suffixed _cimg_library_suffixed(cimg_namespace_suffix)
-#else
-#define cimg_library_suffixed cimg_library
-#endif
-
-/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  #
-  # Define user-friendly macros.
-  #
-  # These CImg macros are prefixed by 'cimg_' and can be used safely in your own
-  # code. They are useful to parse command line options, or to write image loops.
-  #
-  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-// Macros to define program usage, and retrieve command line arguments.
-#define cimg_usage(usage) cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::option((char*)0,argc,argv,(char*)0,usage,false)
-#define cimg_help(str) cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::option((char*)0,argc,argv,str,(char*)0)
-#define cimg_option(name,defaut,usage) cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::option(name,argc,argv,defaut,usage)
-#define cimg_argument(pos) \
-  cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::argument(pos,argc,argv)
-#define cimg_argument1(pos,s0) \
-  cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::argument(pos,argc,argv,1,s0)
-#define cimg_argument2(pos,s0,s1) \
-  cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::argument(pos,argc,argv,2,s0,s1)
-#define cimg_argument3(pos,s0,s1,s2) \
-  cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::argument(pos,argc,argv,3,s0,s1,s2)
-#define cimg_argument4(pos,s0,s1,s2,s3) \
-  cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::argument(pos,argc,argv,4,s0,s1,s2,s3)
-#define cimg_argument5(pos,s0,s1,s2,s3,s4) \
-  cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::argument(pos,argc,argv,5,s0,s1,s2,s3,s4)
-#define cimg_argument6(pos,s0,s1,s2,s3,s4,s5) \
-  cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::argument(pos,argc,argv,6,s0,s1,s2,s3,s4,s5)
-#define cimg_argument7(pos,s0,s1,s2,s3,s4,s5,s6) \
-  cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::argument(pos,argc,argv,7,s0,s1,s2,s3,s4,s5,s6)
-#define cimg_argument8(pos,s0,s1,s2,s3,s4,s5,s6,s7) \
-  cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::argument(pos,argc,argv,8,s0,s1,s2,s3,s4,s5,s6,s7)
-#define cimg_argument9(pos,s0,s1,s2,s3,s4,s5,s6,s7,s8) \
-  cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::argument(pos,argc,argv,9,s0,s1,s2,s3,s4,s5,s6,s7,s8)
-
-// Macros to define and manipulate local neighborhoods.
-#define CImg_2x2(I,T) T I[4]; \
-                      T& I##cc = I[0]; T& I##nc = I[1]; \
-                      T& I##cn = I[2]; T& I##nn = I[3]; \
-                      I##cc = I##nc = \
-                      I##cn = I##nn = 0
-
-#define CImg_3x3(I,T) T I[9]; \
-                      T& I##pp = I[0]; T& I##cp = I[1]; T& I##np = I[2]; \
-                      T& I##pc = I[3]; T& I##cc = I[4]; T& I##nc = I[5]; \
-                      T& I##pn = I[6]; T& I##cn = I[7]; T& I##nn = I[8]; \
-                      I##pp = I##cp = I##np = \
-                      I##pc = I##cc = I##nc = \
-                      I##pn = I##cn = I##nn = 0
-
-#define CImg_4x4(I,T) T I[16]; \
-                      T& I##pp = I[0]; T& I##cp = I[1]; T& I##np = I[2]; T& I##ap = I[3]; \
-                      T& I##pc = I[4]; T& I##cc = I[5]; T& I##nc = I[6]; T& I##ac = I[7]; \
-                      T& I##pn = I[8]; T& I##cn = I[9]; T& I##nn = I[10]; T& I##an = I[11]; \
-                      T& I##pa = I[12]; T& I##ca = I[13]; T& I##na = I[14]; T& I##aa = I[15]; \
-                      I##pp = I##cp = I##np = I##ap = \
-                      I##pc = I##cc = I##nc = I##ac = \
-                      I##pn = I##cn = I##nn = I##an = \
-                      I##pa = I##ca = I##na = I##aa = 0
-
-#define CImg_5x5(I,T) T I[25]; \
-                      T& I##bb = I[0]; T& I##pb = I[1]; T& I##cb = I[2]; T& I##nb = I[3]; T& I##ab = I[4]; \
-                      T& I##bp = I[5]; T& I##pp = I[6]; T& I##cp = I[7]; T& I##np = I[8]; T& I##ap = I[9]; \
-                      T& I##bc = I[10]; T& I##pc = I[11]; T& I##cc = I[12]; T& I##nc = I[13]; T& I##ac = I[14]; \
-                      T& I##bn = I[15]; T& I##pn = I[16]; T& I##cn = I[17]; T& I##nn = I[18]; T& I##an = I[19]; \
-                      T& I##ba = I[20]; T& I##pa = I[21]; T& I##ca = I[22]; T& I##na = I[23]; T& I##aa = I[24]; \
-                      I##bb = I##pb = I##cb = I##nb = I##ab = \
-                      I##bp = I##pp = I##cp = I##np = I##ap = \
-                      I##bc = I##pc = I##cc = I##nc = I##ac = \
-                      I##bn = I##pn = I##cn = I##nn = I##an = \
-                      I##ba = I##pa = I##ca = I##na = I##aa = 0
-
-#define CImg_2x2x2(I,T) T I[8]; \
-                      T& I##ccc = I[0]; T& I##ncc = I[1]; \
-                      T& I##cnc = I[2]; T& I##nnc = I[3]; \
-                      T& I##ccn = I[4]; T& I##ncn = I[5]; \
-                      T& I##cnn = I[6]; T& I##nnn = I[7]; \
-                      I##ccc = I##ncc = \
-                      I##cnc = I##nnc = \
-                      I##ccn = I##ncn = \
-                      I##cnn = I##nnn = 0
-
-#define CImg_3x3x3(I,T) T I[27]; \
-                      T& I##ppp = I[0]; T& I##cpp = I[1]; T& I##npp = I[2]; \
-                      T& I##pcp = I[3]; T& I##ccp = I[4]; T& I##ncp = I[5]; \
-                      T& I##pnp = I[6]; T& I##cnp = I[7]; T& I##nnp = I[8]; \
-                      T& I##ppc = I[9]; T& I##cpc = I[10]; T& I##npc = I[11]; \
-                      T& I##pcc = I[12]; T& I##ccc = I[13]; T& I##ncc = I[14]; \
-                      T& I##pnc = I[15]; T& I##cnc = I[16]; T& I##nnc = I[17]; \
-                      T& I##ppn = I[18]; T& I##cpn = I[19]; T& I##npn = I[20]; \
-                      T& I##pcn = I[21]; T& I##ccn = I[22]; T& I##ncn = I[23]; \
-                      T& I##pnn = I[24]; T& I##cnn = I[25]; T& I##nnn = I[26]; \
-                      I##ppp = I##cpp = I##npp = \
-                      I##pcp = I##ccp = I##ncp = \
-                      I##pnp = I##cnp = I##nnp = \
-                      I##ppc = I##cpc = I##npc = \
-                      I##pcc = I##ccc = I##ncc = \
-                      I##pnc = I##cnc = I##nnc = \
-                      I##ppn = I##cpn = I##npn = \
-                      I##pcn = I##ccn = I##ncn = \
-                      I##pnn = I##cnn = I##nnn = 0
-
-#define cimg_get2x2(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  I[0] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c), I[1] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c), I[2] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c), \
-  I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)
-
-#define cimg_get3x3(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  I[0] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[1] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c), I[2] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
-  I[3] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c), I[4] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c), I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c), \
-  I[6] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[7] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c), I[8] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)
-
-#define cimg_get4x4(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  I[0] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[1] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c), I[2] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
-  I[3] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[4] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c), I[5] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c), \
-  I[6] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c), I[7] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c), I[8] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c), \
-  I[9] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c), I[10] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[11] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c), \
-  I[12] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[13] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c), I[14] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
-  I[15] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)
-
-#define cimg_get5x5(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  I[0] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[1] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[2] = (T)(img)(x,_p2##y,z,c), \
-  I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[4] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[5] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
-  I[6] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[7] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c), I[8] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
-  I[9] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[10] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,y,z,c), I[11] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c), \
-  I[12] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c), I[13] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c), I[14] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c), \
-  I[15] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[16] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[17] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c), \
-  I[18] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[19] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[20] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
-  I[21] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[22] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c), I[23] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
-  I[24] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)
-
-#define cimg_get6x6(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  I[0] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[1] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[2] = (T)(img)(x,_p2##y,z,c), \
-  I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[4] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[5] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c), \
-  I[6] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[7] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[8] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c), \
-  I[9] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[10] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[11] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
-  I[12] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,y,z,c), I[13] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c), I[14] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c), \
-  I[15] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c), I[16] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c), I[17] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c), \
-  I[18] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[19] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[20] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c), \
-  I[21] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[22] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[23] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c), \
-  I[24] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[25] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[26] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c), \
-  I[27] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[28] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[29] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
-  I[30] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[31] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[32] = (T)(img)(x,_n3##y,z,c), \
-  I[33] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[34] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[35] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c)
-
-#define cimg_get7x7(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  I[0] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[1] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[2] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p3##y,z,c), \
-  I[3] = (T)(img)(x,_p3##y,z,c), I[4] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[5] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p3##y,z,c), \
-  I[6] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[7] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[8] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c), \
-  I[9] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[10] = (T)(img)(x,_p2##y,z,c), I[11] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c), \
-  I[12] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[13] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[14] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
-  I[15] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[16] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[17] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c), \
-  I[18] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[19] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[20] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
-  I[21] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,y,z,c), I[22] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,y,z,c), I[23] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c), \
-  I[24] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c), I[25] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c), I[26] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c), \
-  I[27] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c), I[28] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[29] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n1##y,z,c), \
-  I[30] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[31] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c), I[32] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c), \
-  I[33] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[34] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[35] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
-  I[36] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[37] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[38] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c), \
-  I[39] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[40] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[41] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
-  I[42] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[43] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[44] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n3##y,z,c), \
-  I[45] = (T)(img)(x,_n3##y,z,c), I[46] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[47] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c), \
-  I[48] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c)
-
-#define cimg_get8x8(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  I[0] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[1] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[2] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p3##y,z,c), \
-  I[3] = (T)(img)(x,_p3##y,z,c), I[4] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[5] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p3##y,z,c), \
-  I[6] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[7] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[8] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p2##y,z,c), \
-  I[9] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[10] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[11] = (T)(img)(x,_p2##y,z,c), \
-  I[12] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[13] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[14] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c), \
-  I[15] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[16] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[17] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
-  I[18] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[19] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c), I[20] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
-  I[21] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[22] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[23] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
-  I[24] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,y,z,c), I[25] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,y,z,c), I[26] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c), \
-  I[27] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c), I[28] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c), I[29] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c), \
-  I[30] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c), I[31] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,y,z,c), I[32] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n1##y,z,c), \
-  I[33] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[34] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[35] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c), \
-  I[36] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[37] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[38] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c), \
-  I[39] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[40] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[41] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
-  I[42] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[43] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c), I[44] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
-  I[45] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[46] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[47] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
-  I[48] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[49] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[50] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n3##y,z,c), \
-  I[51] = (T)(img)(x,_n3##y,z,c), I[52] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[53] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c), \
-  I[54] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[55] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[56] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n4##y,z,c), \
-  I[57] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n4##y,z,c), I[58] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n4##y,z,c), I[59] = (T)(img)(x,_n4##y,z,c), \
-  I[60] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n4##y,z,c), I[61] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n4##y,z,c), I[62] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n4##y,z,c), \
-  I[63] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n4##y,z,c);
-
-#define cimg_get9x9(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  I[0] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_p4##y,z,c), I[1] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p4##y,z,c), I[2] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p4##y,z,c), \
-  I[3] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p4##y,z,c), I[4] = (T)(img)(x,_p4##y,z,c), I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p4##y,z,c), \
-  I[6] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p4##y,z,c), I[7] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p4##y,z,c), I[8] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p4##y,z,c), \
-  I[9] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[10] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[11] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p3##y,z,c), \
-  I[12] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[13] = (T)(img)(x,_p3##y,z,c), I[14] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p3##y,z,c), \
-  I[15] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[16] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[17] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p3##y,z,c), \
-  I[18] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[19] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[20] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c), \
-  I[21] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[22] = (T)(img)(x,_p2##y,z,c), I[23] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c), \
-  I[24] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[25] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[26] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p2##y,z,c), \
-  I[27] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[28] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[29] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
-  I[30] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[31] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c), I[32] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
-  I[33] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[34] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[35] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
-  I[36] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,y,z,c), I[37] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,y,z,c), I[38] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,y,z,c), \
-  I[39] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c), I[40] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c), I[41] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c), \
-  I[42] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c), I[43] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c), I[44] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,y,z,c), \
-  I[45] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[46] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[47] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n1##y,z,c), \
-  I[48] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[49] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c), I[50] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c), \
-  I[51] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[52] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[53] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n1##y,z,c), \
-  I[54] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[55] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[56] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
-  I[57] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[58] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c), I[59] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
-  I[60] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[61] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[62] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
-  I[63] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[64] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[65] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n3##y,z,c), \
-  I[66] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[67] = (T)(img)(x,_n3##y,z,c), I[68] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c), \
-  I[69] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[70] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[71] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n3##y,z,c), \
-  I[72] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_n4##y,z,c), I[73] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n4##y,z,c), I[74] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n4##y,z,c), \
-  I[75] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n4##y,z,c), I[76] = (T)(img)(x,_n4##y,z,c), I[77] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n4##y,z,c), \
-  I[78] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n4##y,z,c), I[79] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n4##y,z,c), I[80] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n4##y,z,c)
-
-#define cimg_get2x2x2(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  I[0] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c), I[1] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c), I[2] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c), \
-  I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[4] = (T)(img)(x,y,_n1##z,c), I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,_n1##z,c), \
-  I[6] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c), I[7] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c)
-
-#define cimg_get3x3x3(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  I[0] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,_p1##z,c), I[1] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,_p1##z,c), \
-  I[2] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,_p1##z,c), I[3] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,_p1##z,c), I[4] = (T)(img)(x,y,_p1##z,c), \
-  I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,_p1##z,c), I[6] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,_p1##z,c), I[7] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,_p1##z,c), \
-  I[8] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,_p1##z,c), I[9] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[10] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c), \
-  I[11] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[12] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c), I[13] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c), \
-  I[14] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c), I[15] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[16] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c), \
-  I[17] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[18] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,_n1##z,c), I[19] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,_n1##z,c), \
-  I[20] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,_n1##z,c), I[21] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,_n1##z,c), I[22] = (T)(img)(x,y,_n1##z,c), \
-  I[23] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,_n1##z,c), I[24] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c), I[25] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c), \
-  I[26] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c)
-
-// Macros to perform various image loops.
-//
-// These macros are simpler to use than loops with C++ iterators.
-#define cimg_for(img,ptrs,T_ptrs) \
-  for (T_ptrs *ptrs = (img)._data, *_max##ptrs = (img)._data + (img).size(); ptrs<_max##ptrs; ++ptrs)
-#define cimg_rof(img,ptrs,T_ptrs) for (T_ptrs *ptrs = (img)._data + (img).size() - 1; ptrs>=(img)._data; --ptrs)
-#define cimg_foroff(img,off) for (unsigned long off = 0, _max##off = (img).size(); off<_max##off; ++off)
-
-#define cimg_for1(bound,i) for (int i = 0; i<(int)(bound); ++i)
-#define cimg_forX(img,x) cimg_for1((img)._width,x)
-#define cimg_forY(img,y) cimg_for1((img)._height,y)
-#define cimg_forZ(img,z) cimg_for1((img)._depth,z)
-#define cimg_forC(img,c) cimg_for1((img)._spectrum,c)
-#define cimg_forXY(img,x,y) cimg_forY(img,y) cimg_forX(img,x)
-#define cimg_forXZ(img,x,z) cimg_forZ(img,z) cimg_forX(img,x)
-#define cimg_forYZ(img,y,z) cimg_forZ(img,z) cimg_forY(img,y)
-#define cimg_forXC(img,x,c) cimg_forC(img,c) cimg_forX(img,x)
-#define cimg_forYC(img,y,c) cimg_forC(img,c) cimg_forY(img,y)
-#define cimg_forZC(img,z,c) cimg_forC(img,c) cimg_forZ(img,z)
-#define cimg_forXYZ(img,x,y,z) cimg_forZ(img,z) cimg_forXY(img,x,y)
-#define cimg_forXYC(img,x,y,c) cimg_forC(img,c) cimg_forXY(img,x,y)
-#define cimg_forXZC(img,x,z,c) cimg_forC(img,c) cimg_forXZ(img,x,z)
-#define cimg_forYZC(img,y,z,c) cimg_forC(img,c) cimg_forYZ(img,y,z)
-#define cimg_forXYZC(img,x,y,z,c) cimg_forC(img,c) cimg_forXYZ(img,x,y,z)
-
-#define cimg_rof1(bound,i) for (int i = (int)(bound)-1; i>=0; --i)
-#define cimg_rofX(img,x) cimg_rof1((img)._width,x)
-#define cimg_rofY(img,y) cimg_rof1((img)._height,y)
-#define cimg_rofZ(img,z) cimg_rof1((img)._depth,z)
-#define cimg_rofC(img,c) cimg_rof1((img)._spectrum,c)
-#define cimg_rofXY(img,x,y) cimg_rofY(img,y) cimg_rofX(img,x)
-#define cimg_rofXZ(img,x,z) cimg_rofZ(img,z) cimg_rofX(img,x)
-#define cimg_rofYZ(img,y,z) cimg_rofZ(img,z) cimg_rofY(img,y)
-#define cimg_rofXC(img,x,c) cimg_rofC(img,c) cimg_rofX(img,x)
-#define cimg_rofYC(img,y,c) cimg_rofC(img,c) cimg_rofY(img,y)
-#define cimg_rofZC(img,z,c) cimg_rofC(img,c) cimg_rofZ(img,z)
-#define cimg_rofXYZ(img,x,y,z) cimg_rofZ(img,z) cimg_rofXY(img,x,y)
-#define cimg_rofXYC(img,x,y,c) cimg_rofC(img,c) cimg_rofXY(img,x,y)
-#define cimg_rofXZC(img,x,z,c) cimg_rofC(img,c) cimg_rofXZ(img,x,z)
-#define cimg_rofYZC(img,y,z,c) cimg_rofC(img,c) cimg_rofYZ(img,y,z)
-#define cimg_rofXYZC(img,x,y,z,c) cimg_rofC(img,c) cimg_rofXYZ(img,x,y,z)
-
-#define cimg_for_in1(bound,i0,i1,i) \
- for (int i = (int)(i0)<0?0:(int)(i0), _max##i = (int)(i1)<(int)(bound)?(int)(i1):(int)(bound)-1; i<=_max##i; ++i)
-#define cimg_for_inX(img,x0,x1,x) cimg_for_in1((img)._width,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_inY(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in1((img)._height,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_inZ(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in1((img)._depth,z0,z1,z)
-#define cimg_for_inC(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in1((img)._spectrum,c0,c1,c)
-#define cimg_for_inXY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y) cimg_for_inY(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_inX(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_inXZ(img,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z) cimg_for_inZ(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_inX(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_inXC(img,x0,c0,x1,c1,x,c) cimg_for_inC(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_inX(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_inYZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z) cimg_for_inZ(img,x0,z1,z) cimg_for_inY(img,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_inYC(img,y0,c0,y1,c1,y,c) cimg_for_inC(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_inY(img,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_inZC(img,z0,c0,z1,c1,z,c) cimg_for_inC(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_inZ(img,z0,z1,z)
-#define cimg_for_inXYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z) cimg_for_inZ(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_inXY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y)
-#define cimg_for_inXYC(img,x0,y0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x,y,c) cimg_for_inC(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_inXY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y)
-#define cimg_for_inXZC(img,x0,z0,c0,x1,z1,c1,x,z,c) cimg_for_inC(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_inXZ(img,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z)
-#define cimg_for_inYZC(img,y0,z0,c0,y1,z1,c1,y,z,c) cimg_for_inC(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_inYZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z)
-#define cimg_for_inXYZC(img,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,x,y,z,c) \
-  cimg_for_inC(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_inXYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z)
-#define cimg_for_insideX(img,x,n) cimg_for_inX(img,n,(img)._width-1-(n),x)
-#define cimg_for_insideY(img,y,n) cimg_for_inY(img,n,(img)._height-1-(n),y)
-#define cimg_for_insideZ(img,z,n) cimg_for_inZ(img,n,(img)._depth-1-(n),z)
-#define cimg_for_insideC(img,c,n) cimg_for_inC(img,n,(img)._spectrum-1-(n),c)
-#define cimg_for_insideXY(img,x,y,n) cimg_for_inXY(img,n,n,(img)._width-1-(n),(img)._height-1-(n),x,y)
-#define cimg_for_insideXYZ(img,x,y,z,n) \
-  cimg_for_inXYZ(img,n,n,n,(img)._width-1-(n),(img)._height-1-(n),(img)._depth-1-(n),x,y,z)
-#define cimg_for_insideXYZC(img,x,y,z,c,n) \
-  cimg_for_inXYZ(img,n,n,n,(img)._width-1-(n),(img)._height-1-(n),(img)._depth-1-(n),x,y,z)
-
-#define cimg_for_out1(boundi,i0,i1,i) \
- for (int i = (int)(i0)>0?0:(int)(i1)+1; i<(int)(boundi); ++i, i = i==(int)(i0)?(int)(i1)+1:i)
-#define cimg_for_out2(boundi,boundj,i0,j0,i1,j1,i,j) \
- for (int j = 0; j<(int)(boundj); ++j) \
- for (int _n1j = (int)(j<(int)(j0) || j>(int)(j1)), i = _n1j?0:(int)(i0)>0?0:(int)(i1)+1; i<(int)(boundi); \
-  ++i, i = _n1j?i:(i==(int)(i0)?(int)(i1)+1:i))
-#define cimg_for_out3(boundi,boundj,boundk,i0,j0,k0,i1,j1,k1,i,j,k) \
- for (int k = 0; k<(int)(boundk); ++k) \
- for (int _n1k = (int)(k<(int)(k0) || k>(int)(k1)), j = 0; j<(int)(boundj); ++j) \
- for (int _n1j = (int)(j<(int)(j0) || j>(int)(j1)), i = _n1j || _n1k?0:(int)(i0)>0?0:(int)(i1)+1; i<(int)(boundi); \
-  ++i, i = _n1j || _n1k?i:(i==(int)(i0)?(int)(i1)+1:i))
-#define cimg_for_out4(boundi,boundj,boundk,boundl,i0,j0,k0,l0,i1,j1,k1,l1,i,j,k,l) \
- for (int l = 0; l<(int)(boundl); ++l) \
- for (int _n1l = (int)(l<(int)(l0) || l>(int)(l1)), k = 0; k<(int)(boundk); ++k) \
- for (int _n1k = (int)(k<(int)(k0) || k>(int)(k1)), j = 0; j<(int)(boundj); ++j) \
- for (int _n1j = (int)(j<(int)(j0) || j>(int)(j1)), i = _n1j || _n1k || _n1l?0:(int)(i0)>0?0:(int)(i1)+1; \
-  i<(int)(boundi); ++i, i = _n1j || _n1k || _n1l?i:(i==(int)(i0)?(int)(i1)+1:i))
-#define cimg_for_outX(img,x0,x1,x) cimg_for_out1((img)._width,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_outY(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_out1((img)._height,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_outZ(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_out1((img)._depth,z0,z1,z)
-#define cimg_for_outC(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_out1((img)._spectrum,c0,c1,c)
-#define cimg_for_outXY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y) cimg_for_out2((img)._width,(img)._height,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y)
-#define cimg_for_outXZ(img,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z) cimg_for_out2((img)._width,(img)._depth,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z)
-#define cimg_for_outXC(img,x0,c0,x1,c1,x,c) cimg_for_out2((img)._width,(img)._spectrum,x0,c0,x1,c1,x,c)
-#define cimg_for_outYZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z) cimg_for_out2((img)._height,(img)._depth,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z)
-#define cimg_for_outYC(img,y0,c0,y1,c1,y,c) cimg_for_out2((img)._height,(img)._spectrum,y0,c0,y1,c1,y,c)
-#define cimg_for_outZC(img,z0,c0,z1,c1,z,c) cimg_for_out2((img)._depth,(img)._spectrum,z0,c0,z1,c1,z,c)
-#define cimg_for_outXYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z) \
-  cimg_for_out3((img)._width,(img)._height,(img)._depth,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z)
-#define cimg_for_outXYC(img,x0,y0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x,y,c) \
-  cimg_for_out3((img)._width,(img)._height,(img)._spectrum,x0,y0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x,y,c)
-#define cimg_for_outXZC(img,x0,z0,c0,x1,z1,c1,x,z,c) \
-  cimg_for_out3((img)._width,(img)._depth,(img)._spectrum,x0,z0,c0,x1,z1,c1,x,z,c)
-#define cimg_for_outYZC(img,y0,z0,c0,y1,z1,c1,y,z,c) \
-  cimg_for_out3((img)._height,(img)._depth,(img)._spectrum,y0,z0,c0,y1,z1,c1,y,z,c)
-#define cimg_for_outXYZC(img,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,x,y,z,c) \
- cimg_for_out4((img)._width,(img)._height,(img)._depth,(img)._spectrum,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,x,y,z,c)
-#define cimg_for_borderX(img,x,n) cimg_for_outX(img,n,(img)._width-1-(n),x)
-#define cimg_for_borderY(img,y,n) cimg_for_outY(img,n,(img)._height-1-(n),y)
-#define cimg_for_borderZ(img,z,n) cimg_for_outZ(img,n,(img)._depth-1-(n),z)
-#define cimg_for_borderC(img,c,n) cimg_for_outC(img,n,(img)._spectrum-1-(n),c)
-#define cimg_for_borderXY(img,x,y,n) cimg_for_outXY(img,n,n,(img)._width-1-(n),(img)._height-1-(n),x,y)
-#define cimg_for_borderXYZ(img,x,y,z,n) \
-  cimg_for_outXYZ(img,n,n,n,(img)._width-1-(n),(img)._height-1-(n),(img)._depth-1-(n),x,y,z)
-#define cimg_for_borderXYZC(img,x,y,z,c,n) \
- cimg_for_outXYZC(img,n,n,n,n,(img)._width-1-(n),(img)._height-1-(n),(img)._depth-1-(n),(img)._spectrum-1-(n),x,y,z,c)
-
-#define cimg_for_spiralXY(img,x,y) \
- for (int x = 0, y = 0, _n1##x = 1, _n1##y = (img).width()*(img).height(); _n1##y; \
-      --_n1##y, _n1##x+=(_n1##x>>2)-((!(_n1##x&3)?--y:((_n1##x&3)==1?(img)._width-1-++x:\
-      ((_n1##x&3)==2?(img)._height-1-++y:--x))))?0:1)
-
-#define cimg_for_lineXY(x,y,x0,y0,x1,y1) \
- for (int x = (int)(x0), y = (int)(y0), _sx = 1, _sy = 1, _steep = 0, \
-      _dx=(x1)>(x0)?(int)(x1)-(int)(x0):(_sx=-1,(int)(x0)-(int)(x1)), \
-      _dy=(y1)>(y0)?(int)(y1)-(int)(y0):(_sy=-1,(int)(y0)-(int)(y1)), \
-      _counter = _dx, \
-      _err = _dx>_dy?(_dy>>1):((_steep=1),(_counter=_dy),(_dx>>1)); \
-      _counter>=0; \
-      --_counter, x+=_steep? \
-      (y+=_sy,(_err-=_dx)<0?_err+=_dy,_sx:0): \
-      (y+=(_err-=_dy)<0?_err+=_dx,_sy:0,_sx))
-
-#define cimg_for2(bound,i) \
- for (int i = 0, _n1##i = 1>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:1; \
-      _n1##i<(int)(bound) || i==--_n1##i; \
-      ++i, ++_n1##i)
-#define cimg_for2X(img,x) cimg_for2((img)._width,x)
-#define cimg_for2Y(img,y) cimg_for2((img)._height,y)
-#define cimg_for2Z(img,z) cimg_for2((img)._depth,z)
-#define cimg_for2C(img,c) cimg_for2((img)._spectrum,c)
-#define cimg_for2XY(img,x,y) cimg_for2Y(img,y) cimg_for2X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for2XZ(img,x,z) cimg_for2Z(img,z) cimg_for2X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for2XC(img,x,c) cimg_for2C(img,c) cimg_for2X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for2YZ(img,y,z) cimg_for2Z(img,z) cimg_for2Y(img,y)
-#define cimg_for2YC(img,y,c) cimg_for2C(img,c) cimg_for2Y(img,y)
-#define cimg_for2ZC(img,z,c) cimg_for2C(img,c) cimg_for2Z(img,z)
-#define cimg_for2XYZ(img,x,y,z) cimg_for2Z(img,z) cimg_for2XY(img,x,y)
-#define cimg_for2XZC(img,x,z,c) cimg_for2C(img,c) cimg_for2XZ(img,x,z)
-#define cimg_for2YZC(img,y,z,c) cimg_for2C(img,c) cimg_for2YZ(img,y,z)
-#define cimg_for2XYZC(img,x,y,z,c) cimg_for2C(img,c) cimg_for2XYZ(img,x,y,z)
-
-#define cimg_for_in2(bound,i0,i1,i) \
- for (int i = (int)(i0)<0?0:(int)(i0), \
-      _n1##i = i+1>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+1; \
-      i<=(int)(i1) && (_n1##i<(int)(bound) || i==--_n1##i); \
-      ++i, ++_n1##i)
-#define cimg_for_in2X(img,x0,x1,x) cimg_for_in2((img)._width,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in2Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in2((img)._height,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in2Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in2((img)._depth,z0,z1,z)
-#define cimg_for_in2C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in2((img)._spectrum,c0,c1,c)
-#define cimg_for_in2XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y) cimg_for_in2Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in2X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in2XZ(img,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z) cimg_for_in2Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in2X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in2XC(img,x0,c0,x1,c1,x,c) cimg_for_in2C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in2X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in2YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z) cimg_for_in2Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in2Y(img,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in2YC(img,y0,c0,y1,c1,y,c) cimg_for_in2C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in2Y(img,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in2ZC(img,z0,c0,z1,c1,z,c) cimg_for_in2C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in2Z(img,z0,z1,z)
-#define cimg_for_in2XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z) cimg_for_in2Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in2XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y)
-#define cimg_for_in2XZC(img,x0,z0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x,z,c) cimg_for_in2C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in2XZ(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,z)
-#define cimg_for_in2YZC(img,y0,z0,c0,y1,z1,c1,y,z,c) cimg_for_in2C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in2YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z)
-#define cimg_for_in2XYZC(img,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,x,y,z,c) \
-  cimg_for_in2C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in2XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z)
-
-#define cimg_for3(bound,i) \
- for (int i = 0, _p1##i = 0, \
-      _n1##i = 1>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:1; \
-      _n1##i<(int)(bound) || i==--_n1##i; \
-      _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i)
-#define cimg_for3X(img,x) cimg_for3((img)._width,x)
-#define cimg_for3Y(img,y) cimg_for3((img)._height,y)
-#define cimg_for3Z(img,z) cimg_for3((img)._depth,z)
-#define cimg_for3C(img,c) cimg_for3((img)._spectrum,c)
-#define cimg_for3XY(img,x,y) cimg_for3Y(img,y) cimg_for3X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for3XZ(img,x,z) cimg_for3Z(img,z) cimg_for3X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for3XC(img,x,c) cimg_for3C(img,c) cimg_for3X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for3YZ(img,y,z) cimg_for3Z(img,z) cimg_for3Y(img,y)
-#define cimg_for3YC(img,y,c) cimg_for3C(img,c) cimg_for3Y(img,y)
-#define cimg_for3ZC(img,z,c) cimg_for3C(img,c) cimg_for3Z(img,z)
-#define cimg_for3XYZ(img,x,y,z) cimg_for3Z(img,z) cimg_for3XY(img,x,y)
-#define cimg_for3XZC(img,x,z,c) cimg_for3C(img,c) cimg_for3XZ(img,x,z)
-#define cimg_for3YZC(img,y,z,c) cimg_for3C(img,c) cimg_for3YZ(img,y,z)
-#define cimg_for3XYZC(img,x,y,z,c) cimg_for3C(img,c) cimg_for3XYZ(img,x,y,z)
-
-#define cimg_for_in3(bound,i0,i1,i) \
- for (int i = (int)(i0)<0?0:(int)(i0), \
-      _p1##i = i-1<0?0:i-1, \
-      _n1##i = i+1>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+1; \
-      i<=(int)(i1) && (_n1##i<(int)(bound) || i==--_n1##i); \
-      _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i)
-#define cimg_for_in3X(img,x0,x1,x) cimg_for_in3((img)._width,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in3Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in3((img)._height,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in3Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in3((img)._depth,z0,z1,z)
-#define cimg_for_in3C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in3((img)._spectrum,c0,c1,c)
-#define cimg_for_in3XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y) cimg_for_in3Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in3X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in3XZ(img,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z) cimg_for_in3Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in3X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in3XC(img,x0,c0,x1,c1,x,c) cimg_for_in3C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in3X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in3YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z) cimg_for_in3Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in3Y(img,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in3YC(img,y0,c0,y1,c1,y,c) cimg_for_in3C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in3Y(img,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in3ZC(img,z0,c0,z1,c1,z,c) cimg_for_in3C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in3Z(img,z0,z1,z)
-#define cimg_for_in3XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z) cimg_for_in3Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in3XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y)
-#define cimg_for_in3XZC(img,x0,z0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x,z,c) cimg_for_in3C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in3XZ(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,z)
-#define cimg_for_in3YZC(img,y0,z0,c0,y1,z1,c1,y,z,c) cimg_for_in3C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in3YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z)
-#define cimg_for_in3XYZC(img,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,x,y,z,c) \
-  cimg_for_in3C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in3XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z)
-
-#define cimg_for4(bound,i) \
- for (int i = 0, _p1##i = 0, _n1##i = 1>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:1, \
-      _n2##i = 2>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:2; \
-      _n2##i<(int)(bound) || _n1##i==--_n2##i || i==(_n2##i = --_n1##i); \
-      _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i)
-#define cimg_for4X(img,x) cimg_for4((img)._width,x)
-#define cimg_for4Y(img,y) cimg_for4((img)._height,y)
-#define cimg_for4Z(img,z) cimg_for4((img)._depth,z)
-#define cimg_for4C(img,c) cimg_for4((img)._spectrum,c)
-#define cimg_for4XY(img,x,y) cimg_for4Y(img,y) cimg_for4X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for4XZ(img,x,z) cimg_for4Z(img,z) cimg_for4X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for4XC(img,x,c) cimg_for4C(img,c) cimg_for4X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for4YZ(img,y,z) cimg_for4Z(img,z) cimg_for4Y(img,y)
-#define cimg_for4YC(img,y,c) cimg_for4C(img,c) cimg_for4Y(img,y)
-#define cimg_for4ZC(img,z,c) cimg_for4C(img,c) cimg_for4Z(img,z)
-#define cimg_for4XYZ(img,x,y,z) cimg_for4Z(img,z) cimg_for4XY(img,x,y)
-#define cimg_for4XZC(img,x,z,c) cimg_for4C(img,c) cimg_for4XZ(img,x,z)
-#define cimg_for4YZC(img,y,z,c) cimg_for4C(img,c) cimg_for4YZ(img,y,z)
-#define cimg_for4XYZC(img,x,y,z,c) cimg_for4C(img,c) cimg_for4XYZ(img,x,y,z)
-
-#define cimg_for_in4(bound,i0,i1,i) \
- for (int i = (int)(i0)<0?0:(int)(i0), \
-      _p1##i = i-1<0?0:i-1, \
-      _n1##i = i+1>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+1, \
-      _n2##i = i+2>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+2; \
-      i<=(int)(i1) && (_n2##i<(int)(bound) || _n1##i==--_n2##i || i==(_n2##i = --_n1##i)); \
-      _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i)
-#define cimg_for_in4X(img,x0,x1,x) cimg_for_in4((img)._width,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in4Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in4((img)._height,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in4Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in4((img)._depth,z0,z1,z)
-#define cimg_for_in4C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in4((img)._spectrum,c0,c1,c)
-#define cimg_for_in4XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y) cimg_for_in4Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in4X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in4XZ(img,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z) cimg_for_in4Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in4X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in4XC(img,x0,c0,x1,c1,x,c) cimg_for_in4C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in4X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in4YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z) cimg_for_in4Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in4Y(img,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in4YC(img,y0,c0,y1,c1,y,c) cimg_for_in4C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in4Y(img,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in4ZC(img,z0,c0,z1,c1,z,c) cimg_for_in4C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in4Z(img,z0,z1,z)
-#define cimg_for_in4XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z) cimg_for_in4Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in4XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y)
-#define cimg_for_in4XZC(img,x0,z0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x,z,c) cimg_for_in4C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in4XZ(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,z)
-#define cimg_for_in4YZC(img,y0,z0,c0,y1,z1,c1,y,z,c) cimg_for_in4C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in4YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z)
-#define cimg_for_in4XYZC(img,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,x,y,z,c) \
-  cimg_for_in4C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in4XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z)
-
-#define cimg_for5(bound,i) \
- for (int i = 0, _p2##i = 0, _p1##i = 0, \
-      _n1##i = 1>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:1, \
-      _n2##i = 2>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:2; \
-      _n2##i<(int)(bound) || _n1##i==--_n2##i || i==(_n2##i = --_n1##i); \
-      _p2##i = _p1##i, _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i)
-#define cimg_for5X(img,x) cimg_for5((img)._width,x)
-#define cimg_for5Y(img,y) cimg_for5((img)._height,y)
-#define cimg_for5Z(img,z) cimg_for5((img)._depth,z)
-#define cimg_for5C(img,c) cimg_for5((img)._spectrum,c)
-#define cimg_for5XY(img,x,y) cimg_for5Y(img,y) cimg_for5X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for5XZ(img,x,z) cimg_for5Z(img,z) cimg_for5X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for5XC(img,x,c) cimg_for5C(img,c) cimg_for5X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for5YZ(img,y,z) cimg_for5Z(img,z) cimg_for5Y(img,y)
-#define cimg_for5YC(img,y,c) cimg_for5C(img,c) cimg_for5Y(img,y)
-#define cimg_for5ZC(img,z,c) cimg_for5C(img,c) cimg_for5Z(img,z)
-#define cimg_for5XYZ(img,x,y,z) cimg_for5Z(img,z) cimg_for5XY(img,x,y)
-#define cimg_for5XZC(img,x,z,c) cimg_for5C(img,c) cimg_for5XZ(img,x,z)
-#define cimg_for5YZC(img,y,z,c) cimg_for5C(img,c) cimg_for5YZ(img,y,z)
-#define cimg_for5XYZC(img,x,y,z,c) cimg_for5C(img,c) cimg_for5XYZ(img,x,y,z)
-
-#define cimg_for_in5(bound,i0,i1,i) \
- for (int i = (int)(i0)<0?0:(int)(i0), \
-      _p2##i = i-2<0?0:i-2, \
-      _p1##i = i-1<0?0:i-1, \
-      _n1##i = i+1>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+1, \
-      _n2##i = i+2>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+2; \
-      i<=(int)(i1) && (_n2##i<(int)(bound) || _n1##i==--_n2##i || i==(_n2##i = --_n1##i)); \
-      _p2##i = _p1##i, _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i)
-#define cimg_for_in5X(img,x0,x1,x) cimg_for_in5((img)._width,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in5Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in5((img)._height,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in5Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in5((img)._depth,z0,z1,z)
-#define cimg_for_in5C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in5((img)._spectrum,c0,c1,c)
-#define cimg_for_in5XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y) cimg_for_in5Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in5X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in5XZ(img,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z) cimg_for_in5Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in5X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in5XC(img,x0,c0,x1,c1,x,c) cimg_for_in5C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in5X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in5YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z) cimg_for_in5Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in5Y(img,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in5YC(img,y0,c0,y1,c1,y,c) cimg_for_in5C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in5Y(img,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in5ZC(img,z0,c0,z1,c1,z,c) cimg_for_in5C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in5Z(img,z0,z1,z)
-#define cimg_for_in5XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z) cimg_for_in5Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in5XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y)
-#define cimg_for_in5XZC(img,x0,z0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x,z,c) cimg_for_in5C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in5XZ(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,z)
-#define cimg_for_in5YZC(img,y0,z0,c0,y1,z1,c1,y,z,c) cimg_for_in5C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in5YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z)
-#define cimg_for_in5XYZC(img,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,x,y,z,c) \
-  cimg_for_in5C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in5XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z)
-
-#define cimg_for6(bound,i) \
- for (int i = 0, _p2##i = 0, _p1##i = 0, \
-      _n1##i = 1>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:1, \
-      _n2##i = 2>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:2, \
-      _n3##i = 3>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:3; \
-      _n3##i<(int)(bound) || _n2##i==--_n3##i || _n1##i==--_n2##i || i==(_n3##i = _n2##i = --_n1##i); \
-      _p2##i = _p1##i, _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i, ++_n3##i)
-#define cimg_for6X(img,x) cimg_for6((img)._width,x)
-#define cimg_for6Y(img,y) cimg_for6((img)._height,y)
-#define cimg_for6Z(img,z) cimg_for6((img)._depth,z)
-#define cimg_for6C(img,c) cimg_for6((img)._spectrum,c)
-#define cimg_for6XY(img,x,y) cimg_for6Y(img,y) cimg_for6X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for6XZ(img,x,z) cimg_for6Z(img,z) cimg_for6X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for6XC(img,x,c) cimg_for6C(img,c) cimg_for6X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for6YZ(img,y,z) cimg_for6Z(img,z) cimg_for6Y(img,y)
-#define cimg_for6YC(img,y,c) cimg_for6C(img,c) cimg_for6Y(img,y)
-#define cimg_for6ZC(img,z,c) cimg_for6C(img,c) cimg_for6Z(img,z)
-#define cimg_for6XYZ(img,x,y,z) cimg_for6Z(img,z) cimg_for6XY(img,x,y)
-#define cimg_for6XZC(img,x,z,c) cimg_for6C(img,c) cimg_for6XZ(img,x,z)
-#define cimg_for6YZC(img,y,z,c) cimg_for6C(img,c) cimg_for6YZ(img,y,z)
-#define cimg_for6XYZC(img,x,y,z,c) cimg_for6C(img,c) cimg_for6XYZ(img,x,y,z)
-
-#define cimg_for_in6(bound,i0,i1,i) \
- for (int i = (int)(i0)<0?0:(int)(i0), \
-      _p2##i = i-2<0?0:i-2, \
-      _p1##i = i-1<0?0:i-1, \
-      _n1##i = i+1>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+1, \
-      _n2##i = i+2>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+2, \
-      _n3##i = i+3>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+3; \
-      i<=(int)(i1) && \
-      (_n3##i<(int)(bound) || _n2##i==--_n3##i || _n1##i==--_n2##i || i==(_n3##i = _n2##i = --_n1##i)); \
-      _p2##i = _p1##i, _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i, ++_n3##i)
-#define cimg_for_in6X(img,x0,x1,x) cimg_for_in6((img)._width,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in6Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in6((img)._height,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in6Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in6((img)._depth,z0,z1,z)
-#define cimg_for_in6C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in6((img)._spectrum,c0,c1,c)
-#define cimg_for_in6XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y) cimg_for_in6Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in6X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in6XZ(img,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z) cimg_for_in6Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in6X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in6XC(img,x0,c0,x1,c1,x,c) cimg_for_in6C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in6X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in6YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z) cimg_for_in6Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in6Y(img,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in6YC(img,y0,c0,y1,c1,y,c) cimg_for_in6C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in6Y(img,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in6ZC(img,z0,c0,z1,c1,z,c) cimg_for_in6C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in6Z(img,z0,z1,z)
-#define cimg_for_in6XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z) cimg_for_in6Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in6XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y)
-#define cimg_for_in6XZC(img,x0,z0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x,z,c) cimg_for_in6C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in6XZ(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,z)
-#define cimg_for_in6YZC(img,y0,z0,c0,y1,z1,c1,y,z,c) cimg_for_in6C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in6YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z)
-#define cimg_for_in6XYZC(img,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,x,y,z,c) \
-  cimg_for_in6C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in6XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z)
-
-#define cimg_for7(bound,i) \
- for (int i = 0, _p3##i = 0, _p2##i = 0, _p1##i = 0, \
-      _n1##i = 1>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:1, \
-      _n2##i = 2>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:2, \
-      _n3##i = 3>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:3; \
-      _n3##i<(int)(bound) || _n2##i==--_n3##i || _n1##i==--_n2##i || i==(_n3##i = _n2##i = --_n1##i); \
-      _p3##i = _p2##i, _p2##i = _p1##i, _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i, ++_n3##i)
-#define cimg_for7X(img,x) cimg_for7((img)._width,x)
-#define cimg_for7Y(img,y) cimg_for7((img)._height,y)
-#define cimg_for7Z(img,z) cimg_for7((img)._depth,z)
-#define cimg_for7C(img,c) cimg_for7((img)._spectrum,c)
-#define cimg_for7XY(img,x,y) cimg_for7Y(img,y) cimg_for7X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for7XZ(img,x,z) cimg_for7Z(img,z) cimg_for7X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for7XC(img,x,c) cimg_for7C(img,c) cimg_for7X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for7YZ(img,y,z) cimg_for7Z(img,z) cimg_for7Y(img,y)
-#define cimg_for7YC(img,y,c) cimg_for7C(img,c) cimg_for7Y(img,y)
-#define cimg_for7ZC(img,z,c) cimg_for7C(img,c) cimg_for7Z(img,z)
-#define cimg_for7XYZ(img,x,y,z) cimg_for7Z(img,z) cimg_for7XY(img,x,y)
-#define cimg_for7XZC(img,x,z,c) cimg_for7C(img,c) cimg_for7XZ(img,x,z)
-#define cimg_for7YZC(img,y,z,c) cimg_for7C(img,c) cimg_for7YZ(img,y,z)
-#define cimg_for7XYZC(img,x,y,z,c) cimg_for7C(img,c) cimg_for7XYZ(img,x,y,z)
-
-#define cimg_for_in7(bound,i0,i1,i) \
- for (int i = (int)(i0)<0?0:(int)(i0), \
-      _p3##i = i-3<0?0:i-3, \
-      _p2##i = i-2<0?0:i-2, \
-      _p1##i = i-1<0?0:i-1, \
-      _n1##i = i+1>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+1, \
-      _n2##i = i+2>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+2, \
-      _n3##i = i+3>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+3; \
-      i<=(int)(i1) && \
-      (_n3##i<(int)(bound) || _n2##i==--_n3##i || _n1##i==--_n2##i || i==(_n3##i = _n2##i = --_n1##i)); \
-      _p3##i = _p2##i, _p2##i = _p1##i, _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i, ++_n3##i)
-#define cimg_for_in7X(img,x0,x1,x) cimg_for_in7((img)._width,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in7Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in7((img)._height,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in7Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in7((img)._depth,z0,z1,z)
-#define cimg_for_in7C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in7((img)._spectrum,c0,c1,c)
-#define cimg_for_in7XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y) cimg_for_in7Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in7X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in7XZ(img,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z) cimg_for_in7Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in7X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in7XC(img,x0,c0,x1,c1,x,c) cimg_for_in7C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in7X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in7YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z) cimg_for_in7Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in7Y(img,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in7YC(img,y0,c0,y1,c1,y,c) cimg_for_in7C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in7Y(img,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in7ZC(img,z0,c0,z1,c1,z,c) cimg_for_in7C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in7Z(img,z0,z1,z)
-#define cimg_for_in7XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z) cimg_for_in7Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in7XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y)
-#define cimg_for_in7XZC(img,x0,z0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x,z,c) cimg_for_in7C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in7XZ(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,z)
-#define cimg_for_in7YZC(img,y0,z0,c0,y1,z1,c1,y,z,c) cimg_for_in7C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in7YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z)
-#define cimg_for_in7XYZC(img,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,x,y,z,c) \
-  cimg_for_in7C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in7XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z)
-
-#define cimg_for8(bound,i) \
- for (int i = 0, _p3##i = 0, _p2##i = 0, _p1##i = 0, \
-      _n1##i = 1>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:1, \
-      _n2##i = 2>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:2, \
-      _n3##i = 3>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:3, \
-      _n4##i = 4>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:4; \
-      _n4##i<(int)(bound) || _n3##i==--_n4##i || _n2##i==--_n3##i || _n1##i==--_n2##i || \
-      i==(_n4##i = _n3##i = _n2##i = --_n1##i); \
-      _p3##i = _p2##i, _p2##i = _p1##i, _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i, ++_n3##i, ++_n4##i)
-#define cimg_for8X(img,x) cimg_for8((img)._width,x)
-#define cimg_for8Y(img,y) cimg_for8((img)._height,y)
-#define cimg_for8Z(img,z) cimg_for8((img)._depth,z)
-#define cimg_for8C(img,c) cimg_for8((img)._spectrum,c)
-#define cimg_for8XY(img,x,y) cimg_for8Y(img,y) cimg_for8X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for8XZ(img,x,z) cimg_for8Z(img,z) cimg_for8X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for8XC(img,x,c) cimg_for8C(img,c) cimg_for8X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for8YZ(img,y,z) cimg_for8Z(img,z) cimg_for8Y(img,y)
-#define cimg_for8YC(img,y,c) cimg_for8C(img,c) cimg_for8Y(img,y)
-#define cimg_for8ZC(img,z,c) cimg_for8C(img,c) cimg_for8Z(img,z)
-#define cimg_for8XYZ(img,x,y,z) cimg_for8Z(img,z) cimg_for8XY(img,x,y)
-#define cimg_for8XZC(img,x,z,c) cimg_for8C(img,c) cimg_for8XZ(img,x,z)
-#define cimg_for8YZC(img,y,z,c) cimg_for8C(img,c) cimg_for8YZ(img,y,z)
-#define cimg_for8XYZC(img,x,y,z,c) cimg_for8C(img,c) cimg_for8XYZ(img,x,y,z)
-
-#define cimg_for_in8(bound,i0,i1,i) \
- for (int i = (int)(i0)<0?0:(int)(i0), \
-      _p3##i = i-3<0?0:i-3, \
-      _p2##i = i-2<0?0:i-2, \
-      _p1##i = i-1<0?0:i-1, \
-      _n1##i = i+1>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+1, \
-      _n2##i = i+2>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+2, \
-      _n3##i = i+3>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+3, \
-      _n4##i = i+4>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+4; \
-      i<=(int)(i1) && (_n4##i<(int)(bound) || _n3##i==--_n4##i || _n2##i==--_n3##i || _n1##i==--_n2##i || \
-      i==(_n4##i = _n3##i = _n2##i = --_n1##i)); \
-      _p3##i = _p2##i, _p2##i = _p1##i, _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i, ++_n3##i, ++_n4##i)
-#define cimg_for_in8X(img,x0,x1,x) cimg_for_in8((img)._width,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in8Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in8((img)._height,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in8Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in8((img)._depth,z0,z1,z)
-#define cimg_for_in8C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in8((img)._spectrum,c0,c1,c)
-#define cimg_for_in8XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y) cimg_for_in8Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in8X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in8XZ(img,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z) cimg_for_in8Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in8X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in8XC(img,x0,c0,x1,c1,x,c) cimg_for_in8C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in8X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in8YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z) cimg_for_in8Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in8Y(img,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in8YC(img,y0,c0,y1,c1,y,c) cimg_for_in8C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in8Y(img,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in8ZC(img,z0,c0,z1,c1,z,c) cimg_for_in8C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in8Z(img,z0,z1,z)
-#define cimg_for_in8XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z) cimg_for_in8Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in8XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y)
-#define cimg_for_in8XZC(img,x0,z0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x,z,c) cimg_for_in8C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in8XZ(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,z)
-#define cimg_for_in8YZC(img,y0,z0,c0,y1,z1,c1,y,z,c) cimg_for_in8C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in8YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z)
-#define cimg_for_in8XYZC(img,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,x,y,z,c) \
-  cimg_for_in8C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in8XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z)
-
-#define cimg_for9(bound,i) \
-  for (int i = 0, _p4##i = 0, _p3##i = 0, _p2##i = 0, _p1##i = 0, \
-       _n1##i = 1>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:1, \
-       _n2##i = 2>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:2, \
-       _n3##i = 3>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:3, \
-       _n4##i = 4>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:4; \
-       _n4##i<(int)(bound) || _n3##i==--_n4##i || _n2##i==--_n3##i || _n1##i==--_n2##i || \
-       i==(_n4##i = _n3##i = _n2##i = --_n1##i); \
-       _p4##i = _p3##i, _p3##i = _p2##i, _p2##i = _p1##i, _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i, ++_n3##i, ++_n4##i)
-#define cimg_for9X(img,x) cimg_for9((img)._width,x)
-#define cimg_for9Y(img,y) cimg_for9((img)._height,y)
-#define cimg_for9Z(img,z) cimg_for9((img)._depth,z)
-#define cimg_for9C(img,c) cimg_for9((img)._spectrum,c)
-#define cimg_for9XY(img,x,y) cimg_for9Y(img,y) cimg_for9X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for9XZ(img,x,z) cimg_for9Z(img,z) cimg_for9X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for9XC(img,x,c) cimg_for9C(img,c) cimg_for9X(img,x)
-#define cimg_for9YZ(img,y,z) cimg_for9Z(img,z) cimg_for9Y(img,y)
-#define cimg_for9YC(img,y,c) cimg_for9C(img,c) cimg_for9Y(img,y)
-#define cimg_for9ZC(img,z,c) cimg_for9C(img,c) cimg_for9Z(img,z)
-#define cimg_for9XYZ(img,x,y,z) cimg_for9Z(img,z) cimg_for9XY(img,x,y)
-#define cimg_for9XZC(img,x,z,c) cimg_for9C(img,c) cimg_for9XZ(img,x,z)
-#define cimg_for9YZC(img,y,z,c) cimg_for9C(img,c) cimg_for9YZ(img,y,z)
-#define cimg_for9XYZC(img,x,y,z,c) cimg_for9C(img,c) cimg_for9XYZ(img,x,y,z)
-
-#define cimg_for_in9(bound,i0,i1,i) \
-  for (int i = (int)(i0)<0?0:(int)(i0), \
-       _p4##i = i-4<0?0:i-4, \
-       _p3##i = i-3<0?0:i-3, \
-       _p2##i = i-2<0?0:i-2, \
-       _p1##i = i-1<0?0:i-1, \
-       _n1##i = i+1>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+1, \
-       _n2##i = i+2>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+2, \
-       _n3##i = i+3>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+3, \
-       _n4##i = i+4>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+4; \
-       i<=(int)(i1) && (_n4##i<(int)(bound) || _n3##i==--_n4##i || _n2##i==--_n3##i || _n1##i==--_n2##i || \
-       i==(_n4##i = _n3##i = _n2##i = --_n1##i)); \
-       _p4##i = _p3##i, _p3##i = _p2##i, _p2##i = _p1##i, _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i, ++_n3##i, ++_n4##i)
-#define cimg_for_in9X(img,x0,x1,x) cimg_for_in9((img)._width,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in9Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in9((img)._height,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in9Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in9((img)._depth,z0,z1,z)
-#define cimg_for_in9C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in9((img)._spectrum,c0,c1,c)
-#define cimg_for_in9XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y) cimg_for_in9Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in9X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in9XZ(img,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z) cimg_for_in9Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in9X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in9XC(img,x0,c0,x1,c1,x,c) cimg_for_in9C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in9X(img,x0,x1,x)
-#define cimg_for_in9YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z) cimg_for_in9Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in9Y(img,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in9YC(img,y0,c0,y1,c1,y,c) cimg_for_in9C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in9Y(img,y0,y1,y)
-#define cimg_for_in9ZC(img,z0,c0,z1,c1,z,c) cimg_for_in9C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in9Z(img,z0,z1,z)
-#define cimg_for_in9XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z) cimg_for_in9Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in9XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y)
-#define cimg_for_in9XZC(img,x0,z0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x,z,c) cimg_for_in9C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in9XZ(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,z)
-#define cimg_for_in9YZC(img,y0,z0,c0,y1,z1,c1,y,z,c) cimg_for_in9C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in9YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z)
-#define cimg_for_in9XYZC(img,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,x,y,z,c) \
-  cimg_for_in9C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in9XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z)
-
-#define cimg_for2x2(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  cimg_for2((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
-   _n1##x = (int)( \
-   (I[0] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[2] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   1>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:1);  \
-   (_n1##x<(img).width() && ( \
-   (I[1] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)),1)) || \
-   x==--_n1##x; \
-   I[0] = I[1], \
-   I[2] = I[3], \
-   ++x, ++_n1##x)
-
-#define cimg_for_in2x2(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  cimg_for_in2((img)._height,y0,y1,y) for (int x = (int)(x0)<0?0:(int)(x0), \
-   _n1##x = (int)( \
-   (I[0] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[2] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   x+1>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+1); \
-   x<=(int)(x1) && ((_n1##x<(img).width() && (  \
-   (I[1] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)),1)) || \
-   x==--_n1##x); \
-   I[0] = I[1], \
-   I[2] = I[3], \
-   ++x, ++_n1##x)
-
-#define cimg_for3x3(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  cimg_for3((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
-   _p1##x = 0, \
-   _n1##x = (int)( \
-   (I[0] = I[1] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[3] = I[4] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[6] = I[7] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)),	\
-   1>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:1); \
-   (_n1##x<(img).width() && ( \
-   (I[2] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)),1)) || \
-   x==--_n1##x; \
-   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], \
-   I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], \
-   I[6] = I[7], I[7] = I[8], \
-   _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x)
-
-#define cimg_for_in3x3(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  cimg_for_in3((img)._height,y0,y1,y) for (int x = (int)(x0)<0?0:(int)(x0), \
-   _p1##x = x-1<0?0:x-1, \
-   _n1##x = (int)( \
-   (I[0] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[1] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[4] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[7] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   x+1>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+1); \
-   x<=(int)(x1) && ((_n1##x<(img).width() && ( \
-   (I[2] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)),1)) || \
-   x==--_n1##x);	    \
-   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], \
-   I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], \
-   I[6] = I[7], I[7] = I[8], \
-   _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x)
-
-#define cimg_for4x4(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  cimg_for4((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
-   _p1##x = 0, \
-   _n1##x = 1>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:1, \
-   _n2##x = (int)( \
-   (I[0] = I[1] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[4] = I[5] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[8] = I[9] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[12] = I[13] = (T)(img)(0,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[2] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[10] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[14] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   2>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:2); \
-   (_n2##x<(img).width() && ( \
-   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[7] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[11] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[15] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)),1)) || \
-   _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n2##x = --_n1##x); \
-   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], \
-   I[4] = I[5], I[5] = I[6], I[6] = I[7], \
-   I[8] = I[9], I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], \
-   I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], I[14] = I[15], \
-   _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x)
-
-#define cimg_for_in4x4(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  cimg_for_in4((img)._height,y0,y1,y) for (int x = (int)(x0)<0?0:(int)(x0), \
-   _p1##x = x-1<0?0:x-1, \
-   _n1##x = x+1>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+1, \
-   _n2##x = (int)( \
-   (I[0] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[4] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[12] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[1] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[5] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[9] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[13] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[2] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[10] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[14] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   x+2>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+2); \
-   x<=(int)(x1) && ((_n2##x<(img).width() && ( \
-   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[7] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[11] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[15] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)),1)) || \
-   _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n2##x = --_n1##x)); \
-   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], \
-   I[4] = I[5], I[5] = I[6], I[6] = I[7], \
-   I[8] = I[9], I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], \
-   I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], I[14] = I[15], \
-   _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x)
-
-#define cimg_for5x5(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
- cimg_for5((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
-   _p2##x = 0, _p1##x = 0, \
-   _n1##x = 1>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:1, \
-   _n2##x = (int)( \
-   (I[0] = I[1] = I[2] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[5] = I[6] = I[7] = (T)(img)(0,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[10] = I[11] = I[12] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[15] = I[16] = I[17] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[20] = I[21] = I[22] = (T)(img)(0,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[13] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[18] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[23] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)),  \
-   2>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:2); \
-   (_n2##x<(img).width() && ( \
-   (I[4] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[9] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[14] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[19] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[24] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)),1)) || \
-   _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n2##x = --_n1##x); \
-   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], I[3] = I[4], \
-   I[5] = I[6], I[6] = I[7], I[7] = I[8], I[8] = I[9], \
-   I[10] = I[11], I[11] = I[12], I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], \
-   I[15] = I[16], I[16] = I[17], I[17] = I[18], I[18] = I[19], \
-   I[20] = I[21], I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], I[23] = I[24], \
-   _p2##x = _p1##x, _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x)
-
-#define cimg_for_in5x5(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
- cimg_for_in5((img)._height,y0,y1,y) for (int x = (int)(x0)<0?0:(int)(x0), \
-   _p2##x = x-2<0?0:x-2, \
-   _p1##x = x-1<0?0:x-1, \
-   _n1##x = x+1>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+1, \
-   _n2##x = (int)( \
-   (I[0] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[10] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[15] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[20] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[1] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[11] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[16] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[21] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[2] = (T)(img)(x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[7] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[12] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[17] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[22] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[13] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[18] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[23] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   x+2>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+2); \
-   x<=(int)(x1) && ((_n2##x<(img).width() && ( \
-   (I[4] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[9] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[14] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[19] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[24] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)),1)) || \
-   _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n2##x = --_n1##x)); \
-   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], I[3] = I[4], \
-   I[5] = I[6], I[6] = I[7], I[7] = I[8], I[8] = I[9], \
-   I[10] = I[11], I[11] = I[12], I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], \
-   I[15] = I[16], I[16] = I[17], I[17] = I[18], I[18] = I[19], \
-   I[20] = I[21], I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], I[23] = I[24], \
-   _p2##x = _p1##x, _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x)
-
-#define cimg_for6x6(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
- cimg_for6((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
-   _p2##x = 0, _p1##x = 0, \
-   _n1##x = 1>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:1, \
-   _n2##x = 2>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:2, \
-   _n3##x = (int)( \
-   (I[0] = I[1] = I[2] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[6] = I[7] = I[8] = (T)(img)(0,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[12] = I[13] = I[14] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[18] = I[19] = I[20] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[24] = I[25] = I[26] = (T)(img)(0,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[30] = I[31] = I[32] = (T)(img)(0,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[9] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[15] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[21] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[27] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[33] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[4] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[10] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[16] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[22] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[28] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[34] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   3>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:3); \
-   (_n3##x<(img).width() && ( \
-   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[11] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[17] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[23] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[29] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[35] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c)),1)) || \
-   _n2##x==--_n3##x || _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n3## x = _n2##x = --_n1##x); \
-   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], \
-   I[6] = I[7], I[7] = I[8], I[8] = I[9], I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], \
-   I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], I[14] = I[15], I[15] = I[16], I[16] = I[17], \
-   I[18] = I[19], I[19] = I[20], I[20] = I[21], I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], \
-   I[24] = I[25], I[25] = I[26], I[26] = I[27], I[27] = I[28], I[28] = I[29], \
-   I[30] = I[31], I[31] = I[32], I[32] = I[33], I[33] = I[34], I[34] = I[35], \
-   _p2##x = _p1##x, _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x, ++_n3##x)
-
-#define cimg_for_in6x6(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  cimg_for_in6((img)._height,y0,y1,y) for (int x = (int)(x0)<0?0:(int)x0, \
-   _p2##x = x-2<0?0:x-2, \
-   _p1##x = x-1<0?0:x-1, \
-   _n1##x = x+1>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+1, \
-   _n2##x = x+2>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+2, \
-   _n3##x = (int)( \
-   (I[0] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[12] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[18] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[24] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[30] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[1] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[7] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[13] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[19] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[25] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[31] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[2] = (T)(img)(x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[8] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[14] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[20] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[26] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[32] = (T)(img)(x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[9] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[15] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[21] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[27] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[33] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[4] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[10] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[16] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[22] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[28] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[34] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   x+3>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+3); \
-   x<=(int)(x1) && ((_n3##x<(img).width() && ( \
-   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[11] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[17] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[23] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[29] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[35] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c)),1)) || \
-   _n2##x==--_n3##x || _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n3## x = _n2##x = --_n1##x)); \
-   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], \
-   I[6] = I[7], I[7] = I[8], I[8] = I[9], I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], \
-   I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], I[14] = I[15], I[15] = I[16], I[16] = I[17], \
-   I[18] = I[19], I[19] = I[20], I[20] = I[21], I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], \
-   I[24] = I[25], I[25] = I[26], I[26] = I[27], I[27] = I[28], I[28] = I[29], \
-   I[30] = I[31], I[31] = I[32], I[32] = I[33], I[33] = I[34], I[34] = I[35], \
-   _p2##x = _p1##x, _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x, ++_n3##x)
-
-#define cimg_for7x7(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  cimg_for7((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
-   _p3##x = 0, _p2##x = 0, _p1##x = 0, \
-   _n1##x = 1>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:1, \
-   _n2##x = 2>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:2, \
-   _n3##x = (int)( \
-   (I[0] = I[1] = I[2] = I[3] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[7] = I[8] = I[9] = I[10] = (T)(img)(0,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[14] = I[15] = I[16] = I[17] = (T)(img)(0,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[21] = I[22] = I[23] = I[24] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[28] = I[29] = I[30] = I[31] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[35] = I[36] = I[37] = I[38] = (T)(img)(0,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[42] = I[43] = I[44] = I[45] = (T)(img)(0,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[4] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[11] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[18] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[25] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[32] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[39] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[46] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[12] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[19] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[26] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[33] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[40] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[47] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   3>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:3); \
-   (_n3##x<(img).width() && ( \
-   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[13] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[20] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[27] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[34] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[41] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[48] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c)),1)) || \
-   _n2##x==--_n3##x || _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n3##x = _n2##x = --_n1##x); \
-   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], I[5] = I[6], \
-   I[7] = I[8], I[8] = I[9], I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], I[11] = I[12], I[12] = I[13], \
-   I[14] = I[15], I[15] = I[16], I[16] = I[17], I[17] = I[18], I[18] = I[19], I[19] = I[20], \
-   I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], I[23] = I[24], I[24] = I[25], I[25] = I[26], I[26] = I[27], \
-   I[28] = I[29], I[29] = I[30], I[30] = I[31], I[31] = I[32], I[32] = I[33], I[33] = I[34], \
-   I[35] = I[36], I[36] = I[37], I[37] = I[38], I[38] = I[39], I[39] = I[40], I[40] = I[41], \
-   I[42] = I[43], I[43] = I[44], I[44] = I[45], I[45] = I[46], I[46] = I[47], I[47] = I[48], \
-   _p3##x = _p2##x, _p2##x = _p1##x, _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x, ++_n3##x)
-
-#define cimg_for_in7x7(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  cimg_for_in7((img)._height,y0,y1,y) for (int x = (int)(x0)<0?0:(int)(x0), \
-   _p3##x = x-3<0?0:x-3, \
-   _p2##x = x-2<0?0:x-2, \
-   _p1##x = x-1<0?0:x-1, \
-   _n1##x = x+1>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+1, \
-   _n2##x = x+2>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+2, \
-   _n3##x = (int)( \
-   (I[0] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[7] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[14] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[21] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[28] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[35] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[42] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[1] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[15] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[22] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[29] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[36] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[43] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[2] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[9] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[16] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[23] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[30] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[37] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[44] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[3] = (T)(img)(x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[10] = (T)(img)(x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[17] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[24] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[31] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[38] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[45] = (T)(img)(x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[4] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[11] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[18] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[25] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[32] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[39] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[46] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[12] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[19] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[26] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[33] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[40] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[47] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   x+3>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+3); \
-   x<=(int)(x1) && ((_n3##x<(img).width() && ( \
-   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[13] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[20] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[27] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[34] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[41] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[48] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c)),1)) || \
-   _n2##x==--_n3##x || _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n3##x = _n2##x = --_n1##x)); \
-   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], I[5] = I[6], \
-   I[7] = I[8], I[8] = I[9], I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], I[11] = I[12], I[12] = I[13], \
-   I[14] = I[15], I[15] = I[16], I[16] = I[17], I[17] = I[18], I[18] = I[19], I[19] = I[20], \
-   I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], I[23] = I[24], I[24] = I[25], I[25] = I[26], I[26] = I[27], \
-   I[28] = I[29], I[29] = I[30], I[30] = I[31], I[31] = I[32], I[32] = I[33], I[33] = I[34], \
-   I[35] = I[36], I[36] = I[37], I[37] = I[38], I[38] = I[39], I[39] = I[40], I[40] = I[41], \
-   I[42] = I[43], I[43] = I[44], I[44] = I[45], I[45] = I[46], I[46] = I[47], I[47] = I[48], \
-   _p3##x = _p2##x, _p2##x = _p1##x, _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x, ++_n3##x)
-
-#define cimg_for8x8(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  cimg_for8((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
-   _p3##x = 0, _p2##x = 0, _p1##x = 0, \
-   _n1##x = 1>=((img)._width)?(img).width()-1:1, \
-   _n2##x = 2>=((img)._width)?(img).width()-1:2, \
-   _n3##x = 3>=((img)._width)?(img).width()-1:3, \
-   _n4##x = (int)( \
-   (I[0] = I[1] = I[2] = I[3] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[8] = I[9] = I[10] = I[11] = (T)(img)(0,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[16] = I[17] = I[18] = I[19] = (T)(img)(0,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[24] = I[25] = I[26] = I[27] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[32] = I[33] = I[34] = I[35] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[40] = I[41] = I[42] = I[43] = (T)(img)(0,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[48] = I[49] = I[50] = I[51] = (T)(img)(0,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[56] = I[57] = I[58] = I[59] = (T)(img)(0,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[4] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[12] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[20] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[28] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[36] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[44] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[52] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[60] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[13] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[21] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[29] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[37] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[45] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[53] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[61] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[14] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[22] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[30] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[38] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[46] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[54] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[62] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   4>=((img)._width)?(img).width()-1:4); \
-   (_n4##x<(img).width() && ( \
-   (I[7] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[15] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[23] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[31] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[39] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[47] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[55] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[63] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n4##y,z,c)),1)) || \
-   _n3##x==--_n4##x || _n2##x==--_n3##x || _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n4##x = _n3##x = _n2##x = --_n1##x); \
-   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], I[5] = I[6], I[6] = I[7], \
-   I[8] = I[9], I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], I[11] = I[12], I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], I[14] = I[15], \
-   I[16] = I[17], I[17] = I[18], I[18] = I[19], I[19] = I[20], I[20] = I[21], I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], \
-   I[24] = I[25], I[25] = I[26], I[26] = I[27], I[27] = I[28], I[28] = I[29], I[29] = I[30], I[30] = I[31], \
-   I[32] = I[33], I[33] = I[34], I[34] = I[35], I[35] = I[36], I[36] = I[37], I[37] = I[38], I[38] = I[39], \
-   I[40] = I[41], I[41] = I[42], I[42] = I[43], I[43] = I[44], I[44] = I[45], I[45] = I[46], I[46] = I[47], \
-   I[48] = I[49], I[49] = I[50], I[50] = I[51], I[51] = I[52], I[52] = I[53], I[53] = I[54], I[54] = I[55], \
-   I[56] = I[57], I[57] = I[58], I[58] = I[59], I[59] = I[60], I[60] = I[61], I[61] = I[62], I[62] = I[63], \
-   _p3##x = _p2##x, _p2##x = _p1##x, _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x, ++_n3##x, ++_n4##x)
-
-#define cimg_for_in8x8(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  cimg_for_in8((img)._height,y0,y1,y) for (int x = (int)(x0)<0?0:(int)(x0), \
-   _p3##x = x-3<0?0:x-3, \
-   _p2##x = x-2<0?0:x-2, \
-   _p1##x = x-1<0?0:x-1, \
-   _n1##x = x+1>=(img).width()?(img).width()-1:x+1, \
-   _n2##x = x+2>=(img).width()?(img).width()-1:x+2, \
-   _n3##x = x+3>=(img).width()?(img).width()-1:x+3, \
-   _n4##x = (int)( \
-   (I[0] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[16] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[24] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[32] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[40] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[48] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[56] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[1] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[9] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[17] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[25] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[33] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[41] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[49] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[57] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[2] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[10] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[18] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[26] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[34] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[42] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[50] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[58] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[3] = (T)(img)(x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[11] = (T)(img)(x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[19] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[27] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[35] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[43] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[51] = (T)(img)(x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[59] = (T)(img)(x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[4] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[12] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[20] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[28] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[36] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[44] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[52] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[60] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[13] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[21] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[29] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[37] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[45] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[53] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[61] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[14] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[22] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[30] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[38] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[46] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[54] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[62] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   x+4>=(img).width()?(img).width()-1:x+4); \
-   x<=(int)(x1) && ((_n4##x<(img).width() && ( \
-   (I[7] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[15] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[23] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[31] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[39] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[47] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[55] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[63] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n4##y,z,c)),1)) || \
-   _n3##x==--_n4##x || _n2##x==--_n3##x || _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n4##x = _n3##x = _n2##x = --_n1##x)); \
-   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], I[5] = I[6], I[6] = I[7], \
-   I[8] = I[9], I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], I[11] = I[12], I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], I[14] = I[15], \
-   I[16] = I[17], I[17] = I[18], I[18] = I[19], I[19] = I[20], I[20] = I[21], I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], \
-   I[24] = I[25], I[25] = I[26], I[26] = I[27], I[27] = I[28], I[28] = I[29], I[29] = I[30], I[30] = I[31], \
-   I[32] = I[33], I[33] = I[34], I[34] = I[35], I[35] = I[36], I[36] = I[37], I[37] = I[38], I[38] = I[39], \
-   I[40] = I[41], I[41] = I[42], I[42] = I[43], I[43] = I[44], I[44] = I[45], I[45] = I[46], I[46] = I[47], \
-   I[48] = I[49], I[49] = I[50], I[50] = I[51], I[51] = I[52], I[52] = I[53], I[53] = I[54], I[54] = I[55], \
-   I[56] = I[57], I[57] = I[58], I[58] = I[59], I[59] = I[60], I[60] = I[61], I[61] = I[62], I[62] = I[63], \
-   _p3##x = _p2##x, _p2##x = _p1##x, _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x, ++_n3##x, ++_n4##x)
-
-#define cimg_for9x9(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  cimg_for9((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
-   _p4##x = 0, _p3##x = 0, _p2##x = 0, _p1##x = 0, \
-   _n1##x = 1>=((img)._width)?(img).width()-1:1, \
-   _n2##x = 2>=((img)._width)?(img).width()-1:2, \
-   _n3##x = 3>=((img)._width)?(img).width()-1:3, \
-   _n4##x = (int)( \
-   (I[0] = I[1] = I[2] = I[3] = I[4] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[9] = I[10] = I[11] = I[12] = I[13] = (T)(img)(0,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[18] = I[19] = I[20] = I[21] = I[22] = (T)(img)(0,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[27] = I[28] = I[29] = I[30] = I[31] = (T)(img)(0,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[36] = I[37] = I[38] = I[39] = I[40] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[45] = I[46] = I[47] = I[48] = I[49] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[54] = I[55] = I[56] = I[57] = I[58] = (T)(img)(0,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[63] = I[64] = I[65] = I[66] = I[67] = (T)(img)(0,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[72] = I[73] = I[74] = I[75] = I[76] = (T)(img)(0,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[14] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[23] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[32] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[41] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[50] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[59] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[68] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[77] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[15] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[24] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[33] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[42] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[51] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[60] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[69] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[78] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[7] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[16] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[25] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[34] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[43] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[52] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[61] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[70] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[79] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   4>=((img)._width)?(img).width()-1:4); \
-   (_n4##x<(img).width() && ( \
-   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[17] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[26] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[35] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[44] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[53] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[62] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[71] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[80] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n4##y,z,c)),1)) || \
-   _n3##x==--_n4##x || _n2##x==--_n3##x || _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n4##x = _n3##x = _n2##x = --_n1##x); \
-   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], I[5] = I[6], I[6] = I[7], I[7] = I[8], \
-   I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], I[11] = I[12], I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], I[14] = I[15], I[15] = I[16], \
-   I[16] = I[17], I[18] = I[19], I[19] = I[20], I[20] = I[21], I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], I[23] = I[24], \
-   I[24] = I[25], I[25] = I[26], I[27] = I[28], I[28] = I[29], I[29] = I[30], I[30] = I[31], I[31] = I[32], \
-   I[32] = I[33], I[33] = I[34], I[34] = I[35], I[36] = I[37], I[37] = I[38], I[38] = I[39], I[39] = I[40], \
-   I[40] = I[41], I[41] = I[42], I[42] = I[43], I[43] = I[44], I[45] = I[46], I[46] = I[47], I[47] = I[48], \
-   I[48] = I[49], I[49] = I[50], I[50] = I[51], I[51] = I[52], I[52] = I[53], I[54] = I[55], I[55] = I[56], \
-   I[56] = I[57], I[57] = I[58], I[58] = I[59], I[59] = I[60], I[60] = I[61], I[61] = I[62], I[63] = I[64], \
-   I[64] = I[65], I[65] = I[66], I[66] = I[67], I[67] = I[68], I[68] = I[69], I[69] = I[70], I[70] = I[71], \
-   I[72] = I[73], I[73] = I[74], I[74] = I[75], I[75] = I[76], I[76] = I[77], I[77] = I[78], I[78] = I[79], \
-   I[79] = I[80], \
-   _p4##x = _p3##x, _p3##x = _p2##x, _p2##x = _p1##x, _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x, ++_n3##x, ++_n4##x)
-
-#define cimg_for_in9x9(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  cimg_for_in9((img)._height,y0,y1,y) for (int x = (int)(x0)<0?0:(int)(x0), \
-   _p4##x = x-4<0?0:x-4, \
-   _p3##x = x-3<0?0:x-3, \
-   _p2##x = x-2<0?0:x-2, \
-   _p1##x = x-1<0?0:x-1, \
-   _n1##x = x+1>=(img).width()?(img).width()-1:x+1, \
-   _n2##x = x+2>=(img).width()?(img).width()-1:x+2, \
-   _n3##x = x+3>=(img).width()?(img).width()-1:x+3, \
-   _n4##x = (int)( \
-   (I[0] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[9] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[18] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[27] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[36] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[45] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[54] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[63] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[72] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[1] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[10] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[19] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[28] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[37] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[46] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[55] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[64] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[73] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[2] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[11] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[20] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[29] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[38] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[47] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[56] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[65] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[74] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[12] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[21] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[30] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[39] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[48] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[57] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[66] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[75] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[4] = (T)(img)(x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[13] = (T)(img)(x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[22] = (T)(img)(x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[31] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[40] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[49] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[58] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[67] = (T)(img)(x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[76] = (T)(img)(x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[14] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[23] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[32] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[41] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[50] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[59] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[68] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[77] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[15] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[24] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[33] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[42] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[51] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[60] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[69] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[78] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[7] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[16] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[25] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[34] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[43] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[52] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[61] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[70] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[79] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
-   x+4>=(img).width()?(img).width()-1:x+4); \
-   x<=(int)(x1) && ((_n4##x<(img).width() && ( \
-   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[17] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[26] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[35] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[44] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[53] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[62] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[71] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[80] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n4##y,z,c)),1)) || \
-   _n3##x==--_n4##x || _n2##x==--_n3##x || _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n4##x = _n3##x = _n2##x = --_n1##x)); \
-   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], I[5] = I[6], I[6] = I[7], I[7] = I[8], \
-   I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], I[11] = I[12], I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], I[14] = I[15], I[15] = I[16], \
-   I[16] = I[17], I[18] = I[19], I[19] = I[20], I[20] = I[21], I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], I[23] = I[24], \
-   I[24] = I[25], I[25] = I[26], I[27] = I[28], I[28] = I[29], I[29] = I[30], I[30] = I[31], I[31] = I[32], \
-   I[32] = I[33], I[33] = I[34], I[34] = I[35], I[36] = I[37], I[37] = I[38], I[38] = I[39], I[39] = I[40], \
-   I[40] = I[41], I[41] = I[42], I[42] = I[43], I[43] = I[44], I[45] = I[46], I[46] = I[47], I[47] = I[48], \
-   I[48] = I[49], I[49] = I[50], I[50] = I[51], I[51] = I[52], I[52] = I[53], I[54] = I[55], I[55] = I[56], \
-   I[56] = I[57], I[57] = I[58], I[58] = I[59], I[59] = I[60], I[60] = I[61], I[61] = I[62], I[63] = I[64], \
-   I[64] = I[65], I[65] = I[66], I[66] = I[67], I[67] = I[68], I[68] = I[69], I[69] = I[70], I[70] = I[71], \
-   I[72] = I[73], I[73] = I[74], I[74] = I[75], I[75] = I[76], I[76] = I[77], I[77] = I[78], I[78] = I[79], \
-   I[79] = I[80], \
-   _p4##x = _p3##x, _p3##x = _p2##x, _p2##x = _p1##x, _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x, ++_n3##x, ++_n4##x)
-
-#define cimg_for2x2x2(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
- cimg_for2((img)._depth,z) cimg_for2((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
-   _n1##x = (int)( \
-   (I[0] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[2] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[4] = (T)(img)(0,y,_n1##z,c)), \
-   (I[6] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,_n1##z,c)), \
-   1>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:1); \
-   (_n1##x<(img).width() && ( \
-   (I[1] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,_n1##z,c)), \
-   (I[7] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c)),1)) || \
-   x==--_n1##x; \
-   I[0] = I[1], I[2] = I[3], I[4] = I[5], I[6] = I[7], \
-   ++x, ++_n1##x)
-
-#define cimg_for_in2x2x2(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
- cimg_for_in2((img)._depth,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in2((img)._height,y0,y1,y) for (int x = (int)(x0)<0?0:(int)(x0), \
-   _n1##x = (int)( \
-   (I[0] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[2] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[4] = (T)(img)(x,y,_n1##z,c)), \
-   (I[6] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c)), \
-   x+1>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+1); \
-   x<=(int)(x1) && ((_n1##x<(img).width() && ( \
-   (I[1] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,_n1##z,c)), \
-   (I[7] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c)),1)) || \
-   x==--_n1##x); \
-   I[0] = I[1], I[2] = I[3], I[4] = I[5], I[6] = I[7], \
-   ++x, ++_n1##x)
-
-#define cimg_for3x3x3(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
- cimg_for3((img)._depth,z) cimg_for3((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
-   _p1##x = 0, \
-   _n1##x = (int)( \
-   (I[0] = I[1] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,_p1##z,c)), \
-   (I[3] = I[4] = (T)(img)(0,y,_p1##z,c)),  \
-   (I[6] = I[7] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,_p1##z,c)), \
-   (I[9] = I[10] = (T)(img)(0,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[12] = I[13] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[15] = I[16] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[18] = I[19] = (T)(img)(0,_p1##y,_n1##z,c)), \
-   (I[21] = I[22] = (T)(img)(0,y,_n1##z,c)), \
-   (I[24] = I[25] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,_n1##z,c)), \
-   1>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:1); \
-   (_n1##x<(img).width() && ( \
-   (I[2] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,_p1##z,c)), \
-   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,_p1##z,c)), \
-   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,_p1##z,c)), \
-   (I[11] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[14] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[17] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[20] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,_n1##z,c)), \
-   (I[23] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,_n1##z,c)), \
-   (I[26] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c)),1)) || \
-   x==--_n1##x; \
-   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], I[6] = I[7], I[7] = I[8], \
-   I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], I[15] = I[16], I[16] = I[17], \
-   I[18] = I[19], I[19] = I[20], I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], I[24] = I[25], I[25] = I[26], \
-   _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x)
-
-#define cimg_for_in3x3x3(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
- cimg_for_in3((img)._depth,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in3((img)._height,y0,y1,y) for (int x = (int)(x0)<0?0:(int)(x0), \
-   _p1##x = x-1<0?0:x-1, \
-   _n1##x = (int)( \
-   (I[0] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,_p1##z,c)), \
-   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,_p1##z,c)),  \
-   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,_p1##z,c)), \
-   (I[9] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[12] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[15] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[18] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,_n1##z,c)), \
-   (I[21] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,_n1##z,c)), \
-   (I[24] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c)), \
-   (I[1] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,_p1##z,c)), \
-   (I[4] = (T)(img)(x,y,_p1##z,c)),  \
-   (I[7] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,_p1##z,c)), \
-   (I[10] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[13] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[16] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[19] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,_n1##z,c)), \
-   (I[22] = (T)(img)(x,y,_n1##z,c)), \
-   (I[25] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c)), \
-   x+1>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+1); \
-   x<=(int)(x1) && ((_n1##x<(img).width() && ( \
-   (I[2] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,_p1##z,c)), \
-   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,_p1##z,c)), \
-   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,_p1##z,c)), \
-   (I[11] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[14] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[17] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[20] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,_n1##z,c)), \
-   (I[23] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,_n1##z,c)), \
-   (I[26] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c)),1)) || \
-   x==--_n1##x); \
-   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], I[6] = I[7], I[7] = I[8], \
-   I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], I[15] = I[16], I[16] = I[17], \
-   I[18] = I[19], I[19] = I[20], I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], I[24] = I[25], I[25] = I[26], \
-   _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x)
-
-#define cimglist_for(list,l) for (int l = 0; l<(int)(list)._width; ++l)
-#define cimglist_for_in(list,l0,l1,l) \
-  for (int l = (int)(l0)<0?0:(int)(l0), _max##l = (unsigned int)l1<(list)._width?(int)(l1):(int)(list)._width-1; \
-  l<=_max##l; ++l)
-
-#define cimglist_apply(list,fn) cimglist_for(list,__##fn) (list)[__##fn].fn
-
-// Macros used to display error messages when exceptions are thrown.
-// You should not use these macros is your own code.
-#define _cimgdisplay_instance "[instance(%u,%u,%u,%c%s%c)] CImgDisplay::"
-#define cimgdisplay_instance _width,_height,_normalization,_title?'\"':'[',_title?_title:"untitled",_title?'\"':']'
-#define _cimg_instance "[instance(%u,%u,%u,%u,%p,%sshared)] CImg<%s>::"
-#define cimg_instance _width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,_data,_is_shared?"":"non-",pixel_type()
-#define _cimglist_instance "[instance(%u,%u,%p)] CImgList<%s>::"
-#define cimglist_instance _width,_allocated_width,_data,pixel_type()
-
-/*------------------------------------------------
- #
- #
- #  Define cimg_library:: namespace
- #
- #
- -------------------------------------------------*/
-//! Contains <i>all classes and functions</i> of the \CImg library.
-/**
-   This namespace is defined to avoid functions and class names collisions
-   that could happen with the inclusion of other C++ header files.
-   Anyway, it should not happen often and you should reasonnably start most of your
-   \CImg-based programs with
-   \code
-   #include "CImg.h"
-   using namespace cimg_library;
-   \endcode
-   to simplify the declaration of \CImg Library objects afterwards.
-**/
-namespace cimg_library_suffixed {
-
-  // Declare the four classes of the CImg Library.
-  template<typename T=float> struct CImg;
-  template<typename T=float> struct CImgList;
-  struct CImgDisplay;
-  struct CImgException;
-
-  // Declare cimg:: namespace.
-  // This is an uncomplete namespace definition here. It only contains some
-  // necessary stuffs to ensure a correct declaration order of the classes and functions
-  // defined afterwards.
-  namespace cimg {
-
-    // Define ascii sequences for colored terminal output.
-#ifdef cimg_use_vt100
-    const char t_normal[] = { 0x1b, '[', '0', ';', '0', ';', '0', 'm', 0 };
-    const char t_black[] = { 0x1b, '[', '0', ';', '3', '0', ';', '5', '9', 'm', 0 };
-    const char t_red[] = { 0x1b, '[', '0', ';', '3', '1', ';', '5', '9', 'm', 0 };
-    const char t_green[] = { 0x1b, '[', '0', ';', '3', '2', ';', '5', '9', 'm', 0 };
-    const char t_yellow[] = { 0x1b, '[', '0', ';', '3', '3', ';', '5', '9', 'm', 0 };
-    const char t_blue[] = { 0x1b, '[', '0', ';', '3', '4', ';', '5', '9', 'm', 0 };
-    const char t_magenta[] = { 0x1b, '[', '0', ';', '3', '5', ';', '5', '9', 'm', 0 };
-    const char t_cyan[] = { 0x1b, '[', '0', ';', '3', '6', ';', '5', '9', 'm', 0 };
-    const char t_white[] = { 0x1b, '[', '0', ';', '3', '7', ';', '5', '9', 'm', 0 };
-    const char t_bold[] = { 0x1b, '[', '1', 'm', 0 };
-    const char t_underscore[] = { 0x1b, '[', '4', 'm', 0 };
-#else
-    const char t_normal[] = { 0 };
-    const char *const t_black = cimg::t_normal,
-      *const t_red = cimg::t_normal,
-      *const t_green = cimg::t_normal,
-      *const t_yellow = cimg::t_normal,
-      *const t_blue = cimg::t_normal,
-      *const t_magenta = cimg::t_normal,
-      *const t_cyan = cimg::t_normal,
-      *const t_white = cimg::t_normal,
-      *const t_bold = cimg::t_normal,
-      *const t_underscore = cimg::t_normal;
-#endif
-
-    inline std::FILE* output(std::FILE *file=0);
-    inline void info();
-
-    //! Avoid warning messages due to unused parameters. Do nothing actually.
-    template<typename T>
-    inline void unused(const T&, ...) {}
-
-    // [internal] Lock/unlock a mutex for managing concurrent threads.
-    // 'lock_mode' can be { 0=unlock | 1=lock | 2=trylock }.
-    // 'n' can be in [0,31] but mutex range [0,16] is reserved by CImg.
-    inline int mutex(const unsigned int n, const int lock_mode=1);
-
-    inline unsigned int& _exception_mode(const unsigned int value, const bool is_set) {
-      static unsigned int mode = cimg_verbosity;
-      cimg::mutex(0);
-      if (is_set) mode = value;
-      cimg::mutex(0,0);
-      return mode;
-    }
-
-    //! Set current \CImg exception mode.
-    /**
-       The way error messages are handled by \CImg can be changed dynamically, using this function.
-       \param mode Desired exception mode. Possible values are:
-       - \c 0: Hide library messages (quiet mode).
-       - \c 1: Print library messages on the console.
-       - \c 2: Display library messages on a dialog window (default behavior).
-       - \c 3: Do as \c 1 + add extra debug warnings (slow down the code!).
-       - \c 4: Do as \c 2 + add extra debug warnings (slow down the code!).
-     **/
-    inline unsigned int& exception_mode(const unsigned int mode) {
-      return _exception_mode(mode,true);
-    }
-
-    //! Return current \CImg exception mode.
-    /**
-       \note By default, return the value of configuration macro \c cimg_verbosity
-    **/
-    inline unsigned int& exception_mode() {
-      return _exception_mode(0,false);
-    }
-
-    inline int dialog(const char *const title, const char *const msg, const char *const button1_label="OK",
-                      const char *const button2_label=0, const char *const button3_label=0,
-                      const char *const button4_label=0, const char *const button5_label=0,
-                      const char *const button6_label=0, const bool centering=false);
-
-    inline double eval(const char *const expression,
-                       const double x=0, const double y=0, const double z=0, const double c=0);
-  }
-
-  /*---------------------------------------
-    #
-    # Define the CImgException structures
-    #
-    --------------------------------------*/
-  //! Instances of \c CImgException are thrown when errors are encountered in a \CImg function call.
-  /**
-     \par Overview
-
-      CImgException is the base class of all exceptions thrown by \CImg.
-      CImgException is never thrown itself. Derived classes that specify the type of errord are thrown instead.
-      These derived classes can be:
-
-      - \b CImgArgumentException: Thrown when one argument of a called \CImg function is invalid.
-      This is probably one of the most thrown exception by \CImg.
-      For instance, the following example throws a \c CImgArgumentException:
-      \code
-      CImg<float> img(100,100,1,3); // Define a 100x100 color image with float-valued pixels.
-      img.mirror('e');              // Try to mirror image along the (non-existing) 'e'-axis.
-      \endcode
-
-      - \b CImgDisplayException: Thrown when something went wrong during the display of images in CImgDisplay instances.
-
-      - \b CImgInstanceException: Thrown when an instance associated to a called \CImg method does not fit
-      the function requirements. For instance, the following example throws a \c CImgInstanceException:
-      \code
-      const CImg<float> img;           // Define an empty image.
-      const float value = img.at(0);   // Try to read first pixel value (does not exist).
-      \endcode
-
-      - \b CImgIOException: Thrown when an error occured when trying to load or save image files.
-      This happens when trying to read files that do not exist or with invalid formats.
-      For instance, the following example throws a \c CImgIOException:
-      \code
-      const CImg<float> img("missing_file.jpg");  // Try to load a file that does not exist.
-      \endcode
-
-      - \b CImgWarningException: Thrown only if configuration macro \c cimg_strict_warnings is set, and
-      when a \CImg function has to display a warning message (see cimg::warn()).
-
-      It is not recommended to throw CImgException instances by yourself,
-      since they are expected to be thrown only by \CImg.
-      When an error occurs in a library function call, \CImg may display error messages on the screen or on the
-      standard output, depending on the current \CImg exception mode.
-      The \CImg exception mode can be get and set by functions cimg::exception_mode() and
-      cimg::exception_mode(unsigned int).
-
-      \par Exceptions handling
-
-      In all cases, when an error occurs in \CImg, an instance of the corresponding exception class is thrown.
-      This may lead the program to break (this is the default behavior), but you can bypass this behavior by
-      handling the exceptions by yourself,
-      using a usual <tt>try { ... } catch () { ... }</tt> bloc, as in the following example:
-      \code
-      #define "CImg.h"
-      using namespace cimg_library;
-      int main() {
-        cimg::exception_mode(0);                                    // Enable quiet exception mode.
-        try {
-          ...                                                       // Here, do what you want to stress CImg.
-        } catch (CImgException &e) {                                // You succeeded: something went wrong!
-          std::fprintf(stderr,"CImg Library Error: %s",e.what());   // Display your custom error message.
-          ...                                                       // Do what you want now to save the ship!
-          }
-        }
-      \endcode
-  **/
-  struct CImgException : public std::exception {
-#define _cimg_exception_err(etype,disp_flag) \
-  std::va_list ap; va_start(ap,format); cimg_vsnprintf(_message,sizeof(_message),format,ap); va_end(ap); \
-  if (cimg::exception_mode()) { \
-    std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"\n%s[CImg] *** %s ***%s %s\n",cimg::t_red,etype,cimg::t_normal,_message); \
-    if (cimg_display && disp_flag && !(cimg::exception_mode()%2)) try { cimg::dialog(etype,_message,"Abort"); } \
-    catch (CImgException&) {} \
-    if (cimg::exception_mode()>=3) cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::info(); \
-  }
-
-    char _message[16384];
-    CImgException() { *_message = 0; }
-    CImgException(const char *const format, ...) { _cimg_exception_err("CImgException",true); }
-    //! Return a C-string containing the error message associated to the thrown exception.
-    const char *what() const throw() { return _message; }
-  };
-
-  // The CImgInstanceException class is used to throw an exception related
-  // to an invalid instance encountered in a library function call.
-  struct CImgInstanceException : public CImgException {
-    CImgInstanceException(const char *const format, ...) { _cimg_exception_err("CImgInstanceException",true); }
-  };
-
-  // The CImgArgumentException class is used to throw an exception related
-  // to invalid arguments encountered in a library function call.
-  struct CImgArgumentException : public CImgException {
-    CImgArgumentException(const char *const format, ...) { _cimg_exception_err("CImgArgumentException",true); }
-  };
-
-  // The CImgIOException class is used to throw an exception related
-  // to input/output file problems encountered in a library function call.
-  struct CImgIOException : public CImgException {
-    CImgIOException(const char *const format, ...) { _cimg_exception_err("CImgIOException",true); }
-  };
-
-  // The CImgDisplayException class is used to throw an exception related
-  // to display problems encountered in a library function call.
-  struct CImgDisplayException : public CImgException {
-    CImgDisplayException(const char *const format, ...) { _cimg_exception_err("CImgDisplayException",false); }
-  };
-
-  // The CImgWarningException class is used to throw an exception for warnings
-  // encountered in a library function call.
-  struct CImgWarningException : public CImgException {
-    CImgWarningException(const char *const format, ...) { _cimg_exception_err("CImgWarningException",false); }
-  };
-
-  /*-------------------------------------
-    #
-    # Define cimg:: namespace
-    #
-    -----------------------------------*/
-  //! Contains \a low-level functions and variables of the \CImg Library.
-  /**
-     Most of the functions and variables within this namespace are used by the \CImg library for low-level operations.
-     You may use them to access specific const values or environment variables internally used by \CImg.
-     \warning Never write <tt>using namespace cimg_library::cimg;</tt> in your source code. Lot of functions in the
-     <tt>cimg:: namespace</tt> have the same names as standard C functions that may be defined in the global
-     namespace <tt>::</tt>.
-  **/
-  namespace cimg {
-
-    // Define traits that will be used to determine the best data type to work in CImg functions.
-    //
-    template<typename T> struct type {
-      static const char* string() {
-        static const char* s[] = { "unknown",   "unknown8",   "unknown16",  "unknown24",
-                                   "unknown32", "unknown40",  "unknown48",  "unknown56",
-                                   "unknown64", "unknown72",  "unknown80",  "unknown88",
-                                   "unknown96", "unknown104", "unknown112", "unknown120",
-                                   "unknown128" };
-        return s[(sizeof(T)<17)?sizeof(T):0];
-      }
-      static bool is_float() { return false; }
-      static bool is_inf(const T) { return false; }
-      static bool is_nan(const T) { return false; }
-      static T min() { return (T)-1>0?(T)0:(T)-1<<(8*sizeof(T)-1); }
-      static T max() { return (T)-1>0?(T)-1:~((T)-1<<(8*sizeof(T)-1)); }
-      static T inf() { return max(); }
-      static T cut(const double val) { return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(T)val; }
-      static const char* format() { return "%s"; }
-      static const char* format(const T val) { static const char *const s = "unknown"; cimg::unused(val); return s; }
-    };
-
-    template<> struct type<bool> {
-      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "bool"; return s; }
-      static bool is_float() { return false; }
-      static bool is_inf(const bool) { return false; }
-      static bool is_nan(const bool) { return false; }
-      static bool min() { return false; }
-      static bool max() { return true; }
-      static bool inf() { return max(); }
-      static bool is_inf() { return false; }
-      static bool cut(const double val) { return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(bool)val; }
-      static const char* format() { return "%s"; }
-      static const char* format(const bool val) { static const char* s[] = { "false", "true" }; return s[val?1:0]; }
-    };
-
-    template<> struct type<unsigned char> {
-      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "unsigned char"; return s; }
-      static bool is_float() { return false; }
-      static bool is_inf(const unsigned char) { return false; }
-      static bool is_nan(const unsigned char) { return false; }
-      static unsigned char min() { return 0; }
-      static unsigned char max() { return (unsigned char)~0U; }
-      static unsigned char inf() { return max(); }
-      static unsigned char cut(const double val) {
-        return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(unsigned char)val; }
-      static const char* format() { return "%u"; }
-      static unsigned int format(const unsigned char val) { return (unsigned int)val; }
-    };
-
-    template<> struct type<char> {
-      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "char"; return s; }
-      static bool is_float() { return false; }
-      static bool is_inf(const char) { return false; }
-      static bool is_nan(const char) { return false; }
-      static char min() { return (char)(-1L<<(8*sizeof(char)-1)); }
-      static char max() { return (char)~((char)(-1L<<(8*sizeof(char)-1))); }
-      static char inf() { return max(); }
-      static char cut(const double val) { return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(char)val; }
-      static const char* format() { return "%d"; }
-      static int format(const char val) { return (int)val; }
-    };
-
-    template<> struct type<signed char> {
-      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "signed char"; return s; }
-      static bool is_float() { return false; }
-      static bool is_inf(const signed char) { return false; }
-      static bool is_nan(const signed char) { return false; }
-      static signed char min() { return (signed char)(-1L<<(8*sizeof(signed char)-1)); }
-      static signed char max() { return ~((signed char)(-1L<<(8*sizeof(signed char)-1))); }
-      static signed char inf() { return max(); }
-      static signed char cut(const double val) {
-        return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(signed char)val; }
-      static const char* format() { return "%d"; }
-      static unsigned int format(const signed char val) { return (int)val; }
-    };
-
-    template<> struct type<unsigned short> {
-      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "unsigned short"; return s; }
-      static bool is_float() { return false; }
-      static bool is_inf(const unsigned short) { return false; }
-      static bool is_nan(const unsigned short) { return false; }
-      static unsigned short min() { return 0; }
-      static unsigned short max() { return (unsigned short)~0U; }
-      static unsigned short inf() { return max(); }
-      static unsigned short cut(const double val) {
-        return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(unsigned short)val; }
-      static const char* format() { return "%u"; }
-      static unsigned int format(const unsigned short val) { return (unsigned int)val; }
-    };
-
-    template<> struct type<short> {
-      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "short"; return s; }
-      static bool is_float() { return false; }
-      static bool is_inf(const short) { return false; }
-      static bool is_nan(const short) { return false; }
-      static short min() { return (short)(-1L<<(8*sizeof(short)-1)); }
-      static short max() { return ~((short)(-1L<<(8*sizeof(short)-1))); }
-      static short inf() { return max(); }
-      static short cut(const double val) { return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(short)val; }
-      static const char* format() { return "%d"; }
-      static int format(const short val) { return (int)val; }
-    };
-
-    template<> struct type<unsigned int> {
-      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "unsigned int"; return s; }
-      static bool is_float() { return false; }
-      static bool is_inf(const unsigned int) { return false; }
-      static bool is_nan(const unsigned int) { return false; }
-      static unsigned int min() { return 0; }
-      static unsigned int max() { return (unsigned int)~0U; }
-      static unsigned int inf() { return max(); }
-      static unsigned int cut(const double val) {
-        return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(unsigned int)val; }
-      static const char* format() { return "%u"; }
-      static unsigned int format(const unsigned int val) { return val; }
-    };
-
-    template<> struct type<int> {
-      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "int"; return s; }
-      static bool is_float() { return false; }
-      static bool is_inf(const int) { return false; }
-      static bool is_nan(const int) { return false; }
-      static int min() { return (int)(-1L<<(8*sizeof(int)-1)); }
-      static int max() { return ~((int)(-1L<<(8*sizeof(int)-1))); }
-      static int inf() { return max(); }
-      static int cut(const double val) { return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(int)val; }
-      static const char* format() { return "%d"; }
-      static int format(const int val) { return val; }
-    };
-
-    template<> struct type<unsigned long> {
-      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "unsigned long"; return s; }
-      static bool is_float() { return false; }
-      static bool is_inf(const unsigned long) { return false; }
-      static bool is_nan(const unsigned long) { return false; }
-      static unsigned long min() { return 0; }
-      static unsigned long max() { return (unsigned long)~0UL; }
-      static unsigned long inf() { return max(); }
-      static unsigned long cut(const double val) {
-        return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(unsigned long)val; }
-      static const char* format() { return "%lu"; }
-      static unsigned long format(const unsigned long val) { return val; }
-    };
-
-    template<> struct type<long> {
-      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "long"; return s; }
-      static bool is_float() { return false; }
-      static bool is_inf(const long) { return false; }
-      static bool is_nan(const long) { return false; }
-      static long min() { return (long)(-1L<<(8*sizeof(long)-1)); }
-      static long max() { return ~((long)(-1L<<(8*sizeof(long)-1))); }
-      static long inf() { return max(); }
-      static long cut(const double val) { return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(long)val; }
-      static const char* format() { return "%ld"; }
-      static long format(const long val) { return val; }
-    };
-
-    template<> struct type<double> {
-      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "double"; return s; }
-      static bool is_float() { return true; }
-      static bool is_inf(const double val) {
-#ifdef isinf
-        return (bool)isinf(val);
-#else
-        return !is_nan(val) && (val<cimg::type<double>::min() || val>cimg::type<double>::max());
-#endif
-      }
-      static bool is_nan(const double val) {
-#ifdef isnan
-        return (bool)isnan(val);
-#else
-        return !(val==val);
-#endif
-      }
-      static double min() { return -1.7E308; }
-      static double max() { return  1.7E308; }
-      static double inf() { return max()*max(); }
-      static double nan() { static const double val_nan = -std::sqrt(-1.0); return val_nan; }
-      static double cut(const double val) { return val<min()?min():val>max()?max():val; }
-      static const char* format() { return "%.16g"; }
-      static double format(const double val) { return val; }
-    };
-
-    template<> struct type<float> {
-      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "float"; return s; }
-      static bool is_float() { return true; }
-      static bool is_inf(const float val) {
-#ifdef isinf
-        return (bool)isinf(val);
-#else
-        return !is_nan(val) && (val<cimg::type<float>::min() || val>cimg::type<float>::max());
-#endif
-      }
-      static bool is_nan(const float val) {
-#ifdef isnan
-        return (bool)isnan(val);
-#else
-        return !(val==val);
-#endif
-      }
-      static float min() { return -3.4E38f; }
-      static float max() { return  3.4E38f; }
-      static float inf() { return (float)cimg::type<double>::inf(); }
-      static float nan() { return (float)cimg::type<double>::nan(); }
-      static float cut(const double val) { return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(float)val; }
-      static const char* format() { return "%.16g"; }
-      static double format(const float val) { return (double)val; }
-    };
-
-    template<typename T, typename t> struct superset { typedef T type; };
-    template<> struct superset<bool,unsigned char> { typedef unsigned char type; };
-    template<> struct superset<bool,char> { typedef char type; };
-    template<> struct superset<bool,signed char> { typedef signed char type; };
-    template<> struct superset<bool,unsigned short> { typedef unsigned short type; };
-    template<> struct superset<bool,short> { typedef short type; };
-    template<> struct superset<bool,unsigned int> { typedef unsigned int type; };
-    template<> struct superset<bool,int> { typedef int type; };
-    template<> struct superset<bool,unsigned long> { typedef unsigned long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<bool,long> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<bool,float> { typedef float type; };
-    template<> struct superset<bool,double> { typedef double type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned char,char> { typedef short type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned char,signed char> { typedef short type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned char,unsigned short> { typedef unsigned short type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned char,short> { typedef short type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned char,unsigned int> { typedef unsigned int type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned char,int> { typedef int type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned char,unsigned long> { typedef unsigned long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned char,long> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned char,float> { typedef float type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned char,double> { typedef double type; };
-    template<> struct superset<signed char,unsigned char> { typedef short type; };
-    template<> struct superset<signed char,char> { typedef short type; };
-    template<> struct superset<signed char,unsigned short> { typedef int type; };
-    template<> struct superset<signed char,short> { typedef short type; };
-    template<> struct superset<signed char,unsigned int> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<signed char,int> { typedef int type; };
-    template<> struct superset<signed char,unsigned long> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<signed char,long> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<signed char,float> { typedef float type; };
-    template<> struct superset<signed char,double> { typedef double type; };
-    template<> struct superset<char,unsigned char> { typedef short type; };
-    template<> struct superset<char,signed char> { typedef short type; };
-    template<> struct superset<char,unsigned short> { typedef int type; };
-    template<> struct superset<char,short> { typedef short type; };
-    template<> struct superset<char,unsigned int> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<char,int> { typedef int type; };
-    template<> struct superset<char,unsigned long> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<char,long> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<char,float> { typedef float type; };
-    template<> struct superset<char,double> { typedef double type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned short,char> { typedef int type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned short,signed char> { typedef int type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned short,short> { typedef int type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned short,unsigned int> { typedef unsigned int type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned short,int> { typedef int type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned short,unsigned long> { typedef unsigned long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned short,long> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned short,float> { typedef float type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned short,double> { typedef double type; };
-    template<> struct superset<short,unsigned short> { typedef int type; };
-    template<> struct superset<short,unsigned int> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<short,int> { typedef int type; };
-    template<> struct superset<short,unsigned long> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<short,long> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<short,float> { typedef float type; };
-    template<> struct superset<short,double> { typedef double type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned int,char> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned int,signed char> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned int,short> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned int,int> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned int,unsigned long> { typedef unsigned long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned int,long> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned int,float> { typedef float type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned int,double> { typedef double type; };
-    template<> struct superset<int,unsigned int> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<int,unsigned long> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<int,long> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<int,float> { typedef float type; };
-    template<> struct superset<int,double> { typedef double type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned long,char> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned long,signed char> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned long,short> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned long,int> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned long,long> { typedef long type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned long,float> { typedef double type; };
-    template<> struct superset<unsigned long,double> { typedef double type; };
-    template<> struct superset<long,float> { typedef double type; };
-    template<> struct superset<long,double> { typedef double type; };
-    template<> struct superset<float,double> { typedef double type; };
-
-    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3> struct superset2 {
-      typedef typename superset<t1, typename superset<t2,t3>::type>::type type;
-    };
-
-    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4> struct superset3 {
-      typedef typename superset<t1, typename superset2<t2,t3,t4>::type>::type type;
-    };
-
-    template<typename t1, typename t2> struct last { typedef t2 type; };
-
-#define _cimg_Tt       typename cimg::superset<T,t>::type
-#define _cimg_Tfloat   typename cimg::superset<T,float>::type
-#define _cimg_Ttfloat  typename cimg::superset2<T,t,float>::type
-#define _cimg_Ttdouble typename cimg::superset2<T,t,double>::type
-
-    // Define variables used internally by CImg.
-#if cimg_display==1
-    struct X11_info {
-      volatile unsigned int nb_wins;
-      pthread_t*       events_thread;
-      pthread_cond_t   wait_event;
-      pthread_mutex_t  wait_event_mutex;
-      CImgDisplay*     wins[1024];
-      Display*         display;
-      unsigned int     nb_bits;
-      bool             is_blue_first;
-      bool             is_shm_enabled;
-      bool             byte_order;
-#ifdef cimg_use_xrandr
-      XRRScreenSize *resolutions;
-      Rotation curr_rotation;
-      unsigned int curr_resolution;
-      unsigned int nb_resolutions;
-#endif
-      X11_info():nb_wins(0),events_thread(0),display(0),
-                 nb_bits(0),is_blue_first(false),is_shm_enabled(false),byte_order(false) {
-        XInitThreads();
-        pthread_mutex_init(&wait_event_mutex,0);
-        pthread_cond_init(&wait_event,0);
-#ifdef cimg_use_xrandr
-        resolutions = 0;
-        curr_rotation = 0;
-        curr_resolution = nb_resolutions = 0;
-#endif
-      }
-
-      ~X11_info() {
-        if (events_thread) {
-          pthread_cancel(*events_thread);
-          delete events_thread;
-        }
-        if (display) {} // XCloseDisplay(display);
-        pthread_cond_destroy(&wait_event);
-        pthread_mutex_unlock(&wait_event_mutex);
-        pthread_mutex_destroy(&wait_event_mutex);
-      }
-    };
-#if defined(cimg_module)
-    X11_info& X11_attr();
-#elif defined(cimg_main)
-    X11_info& X11_attr() { static X11_info val; return val; }
-#else
-    inline X11_info& X11_attr() { static X11_info val; return val; }
-#endif
-
-#elif cimg_display==2
-    struct Win32_info {
-      HANDLE wait_event;
-      Win32_info() { wait_event = CreateEvent(0,FALSE,FALSE,0); }
-    };
-#if defined(cimg_module)
-    Win32_info& Win32_attr();
-#elif defined(cimg_main)
-    Win32_info& Win32_attr() { static Win32_info val; return val; }
-#else
-    inline Win32_info& Win32_attr() { static Win32_info val; return val; }
-#endif
-#endif
-
-    struct Mutex_info {
-#if cimg_OS==2
-      HANDLE mutex[32];
-      Mutex_info() { for (unsigned int i = 0; i<32; ++i) mutex[i] = CreateMutex(0,FALSE,0); }
-      void lock(const unsigned int n) { WaitForSingleObject(mutex[n],INFINITE); }
-      void unlock(const unsigned int n) { ReleaseMutex(mutex[n]); }
-      int trylock(const unsigned int) { return 0; }
-#elif defined(_PTHREAD_H)
-      pthread_mutex_t mutex[32];
-      Mutex_info() { for (unsigned int i = 0; i<32; ++i) pthread_mutex_init(&mutex[i],0); }
-      void lock(const unsigned int n) { pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex[n]); }
-      void unlock(const unsigned int n) { pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex[n]); }
-      int trylock(const unsigned int n) { return pthread_mutex_trylock(&mutex[n]); }
-#else
-      Mutex_info() {}
-      void lock(const unsigned int) {}
-      void unlock(const unsigned int) {}
-      int trylock(const unsigned int) { return 0; }
-#endif
-    };
-#if defined(cimg_module)
-    Mutex_info& Mutex_attr();
-#elif defined(cimg_main)
-    Mutex_info& Mutex_attr() { static Mutex_info val; return val; }
-#else
-    inline Mutex_info& Mutex_attr() { static Mutex_info val; return val; }
-#endif
-
-#if defined(cimg_use_magick)
-    static struct Magick_info {
-      Magick_info() {
-        Magick::InitializeMagick("");
-      }
-    } _Magick_info;
-#endif
-
-#if cimg_display==1
-    // Define keycodes for X11-based graphical systems.
-    const unsigned int keyESC        = XK_Escape;
-    const unsigned int keyF1         = XK_F1;
-    const unsigned int keyF2         = XK_F2;
-    const unsigned int keyF3         = XK_F3;
-    const unsigned int keyF4         = XK_F4;
-    const unsigned int keyF5         = XK_F5;
-    const unsigned int keyF6         = XK_F6;
-    const unsigned int keyF7         = XK_F7;
-    const unsigned int keyF8         = XK_F8;
-    const unsigned int keyF9         = XK_F9;
-    const unsigned int keyF10        = XK_F10;
-    const unsigned int keyF11        = XK_F11;
-    const unsigned int keyF12        = XK_F12;
-    const unsigned int keyPAUSE      = XK_Pause;
-    const unsigned int key1          = XK_1;
-    const unsigned int key2          = XK_2;
-    const unsigned int key3          = XK_3;
-    const unsigned int key4          = XK_4;
-    const unsigned int key5          = XK_5;
-    const unsigned int key6          = XK_6;
-    const unsigned int key7          = XK_7;
-    const unsigned int key8          = XK_8;
-    const unsigned int key9          = XK_9;
-    const unsigned int key0          = XK_0;
-    const unsigned int keyBACKSPACE  = XK_BackSpace;
-    const unsigned int keyINSERT     = XK_Insert;
-    const unsigned int keyHOME       = XK_Home;
-    const unsigned int keyPAGEUP     = XK_Page_Up;
-    const unsigned int keyTAB        = XK_Tab;
-    const unsigned int keyQ          = XK_q;
-    const unsigned int keyW          = XK_w;
-    const unsigned int keyE          = XK_e;
-    const unsigned int keyR          = XK_r;
-    const unsigned int keyT          = XK_t;
-    const unsigned int keyY          = XK_y;
-    const unsigned int keyU          = XK_u;
-    const unsigned int keyI          = XK_i;
-    const unsigned int keyO          = XK_o;
-    const unsigned int keyP          = XK_p;
-    const unsigned int keyDELETE     = XK_Delete;
-    const unsigned int keyEND        = XK_End;
-    const unsigned int keyPAGEDOWN   = XK_Page_Down;
-    const unsigned int keyCAPSLOCK   = XK_Caps_Lock;
-    const unsigned int keyA          = XK_a;
-    const unsigned int keyS          = XK_s;
-    const unsigned int keyD          = XK_d;
-    const unsigned int keyF          = XK_f;
-    const unsigned int keyG          = XK_g;
-    const unsigned int keyH          = XK_h;
-    const unsigned int keyJ          = XK_j;
-    const unsigned int keyK          = XK_k;
-    const unsigned int keyL          = XK_l;
-    const unsigned int keyENTER      = XK_Return;
-    const unsigned int keySHIFTLEFT  = XK_Shift_L;
-    const unsigned int keyZ          = XK_z;
-    const unsigned int keyX          = XK_x;
-    const unsigned int keyC          = XK_c;
-    const unsigned int keyV          = XK_v;
-    const unsigned int keyB          = XK_b;
-    const unsigned int keyN          = XK_n;
-    const unsigned int keyM          = XK_m;
-    const unsigned int keySHIFTRIGHT = XK_Shift_R;
-    const unsigned int keyARROWUP    = XK_Up;
-    const unsigned int keyCTRLLEFT   = XK_Control_L;
-    const unsigned int keyAPPLEFT    = XK_Super_L;
-    const unsigned int keyALT        = XK_Alt_L;
-    const unsigned int keySPACE      = XK_space;
-    const unsigned int keyALTGR      = XK_Alt_R;
-    const unsigned int keyAPPRIGHT   = XK_Super_R;
-    const unsigned int keyMENU       = XK_Menu;
-    const unsigned int keyCTRLRIGHT  = XK_Control_R;
-    const unsigned int keyARROWLEFT  = XK_Left;
-    const unsigned int keyARROWDOWN  = XK_Down;
-    const unsigned int keyARROWRIGHT = XK_Right;
-    const unsigned int keyPAD0       = XK_KP_0;
-    const unsigned int keyPAD1       = XK_KP_1;
-    const unsigned int keyPAD2       = XK_KP_2;
-    const unsigned int keyPAD3       = XK_KP_3;
-    const unsigned int keyPAD4       = XK_KP_4;
-    const unsigned int keyPAD5       = XK_KP_5;
-    const unsigned int keyPAD6       = XK_KP_6;
-    const unsigned int keyPAD7       = XK_KP_7;
-    const unsigned int keyPAD8       = XK_KP_8;
-    const unsigned int keyPAD9       = XK_KP_9;
-    const unsigned int keyPADADD     = XK_KP_Add;
-    const unsigned int keyPADSUB     = XK_KP_Subtract;
-    const unsigned int keyPADMUL     = XK_KP_Multiply;
-    const unsigned int keyPADDIV     = XK_KP_Divide;
-
-#elif cimg_display==2
-    // Define keycodes for Windows.
-    const unsigned int keyESC        = VK_ESCAPE;
-    const unsigned int keyF1         = VK_F1;
-    const unsigned int keyF2         = VK_F2;
-    const unsigned int keyF3         = VK_F3;
-    const unsigned int keyF4         = VK_F4;
-    const unsigned int keyF5         = VK_F5;
-    const unsigned int keyF6         = VK_F6;
-    const unsigned int keyF7         = VK_F7;
-    const unsigned int keyF8         = VK_F8;
-    const unsigned int keyF9         = VK_F9;
-    const unsigned int keyF10        = VK_F10;
-    const unsigned int keyF11        = VK_F11;
-    const unsigned int keyF12        = VK_F12;
-    const unsigned int keyPAUSE      = VK_PAUSE;
-    const unsigned int key1          = '1';
-    const unsigned int key2          = '2';
-    const unsigned int key3          = '3';
-    const unsigned int key4          = '4';
-    const unsigned int key5          = '5';
-    const unsigned int key6          = '6';
-    const unsigned int key7          = '7';
-    const unsigned int key8          = '8';
-    const unsigned int key9          = '9';
-    const unsigned int key0          = '0';
-    const unsigned int keyBACKSPACE  = VK_BACK;
-    const unsigned int keyINSERT     = VK_INSERT;
-    const unsigned int keyHOME       = VK_HOME;
-    const unsigned int keyPAGEUP     = VK_PRIOR;
-    const unsigned int keyTAB        = VK_TAB;
-    const unsigned int keyQ          = 'Q';
-    const unsigned int keyW          = 'W';
-    const unsigned int keyE          = 'E';
-    const unsigned int keyR          = 'R';
-    const unsigned int keyT          = 'T';
-    const unsigned int keyY          = 'Y';
-    const unsigned int keyU          = 'U';
-    const unsigned int keyI          = 'I';
-    const unsigned int keyO          = 'O';
-    const unsigned int keyP          = 'P';
-    const unsigned int keyDELETE     = VK_DELETE;
-    const unsigned int keyEND        = VK_END;
-    const unsigned int keyPAGEDOWN   = VK_NEXT;
-    const unsigned int keyCAPSLOCK   = VK_CAPITAL;
-    const unsigned int keyA          = 'A';
-    const unsigned int keyS          = 'S';
-    const unsigned int keyD          = 'D';
-    const unsigned int keyF          = 'F';
-    const unsigned int keyG          = 'G';
-    const unsigned int keyH          = 'H';
-    const unsigned int keyJ          = 'J';
-    const unsigned int keyK          = 'K';
-    const unsigned int keyL          = 'L';
-    const unsigned int keyENTER      = VK_RETURN;
-    const unsigned int keySHIFTLEFT  = VK_SHIFT;
-    const unsigned int keyZ          = 'Z';
-    const unsigned int keyX          = 'X';
-    const unsigned int keyC          = 'C';
-    const unsigned int keyV          = 'V';
-    const unsigned int keyB          = 'B';
-    const unsigned int keyN          = 'N';
-    const unsigned int keyM          = 'M';
-    const unsigned int keySHIFTRIGHT = VK_SHIFT;
-    const unsigned int keyARROWUP    = VK_UP;
-    const unsigned int keyCTRLLEFT   = VK_CONTROL;
-    const unsigned int keyAPPLEFT    = VK_LWIN;
-    const unsigned int keyALT        = VK_LMENU;
-    const unsigned int keySPACE      = VK_SPACE;
-    const unsigned int keyALTGR      = VK_CONTROL;
-    const unsigned int keyAPPRIGHT   = VK_RWIN;
-    const unsigned int keyMENU       = VK_APPS;
-    const unsigned int keyCTRLRIGHT  = VK_CONTROL;
-    const unsigned int keyARROWLEFT  = VK_LEFT;
-    const unsigned int keyARROWDOWN  = VK_DOWN;
-    const unsigned int keyARROWRIGHT = VK_RIGHT;
-    const unsigned int keyPAD0       = 0x60;
-    const unsigned int keyPAD1       = 0x61;
-    const unsigned int keyPAD2       = 0x62;
-    const unsigned int keyPAD3       = 0x63;
-    const unsigned int keyPAD4       = 0x64;
-    const unsigned int keyPAD5       = 0x65;
-    const unsigned int keyPAD6       = 0x66;
-    const unsigned int keyPAD7       = 0x67;
-    const unsigned int keyPAD8       = 0x68;
-    const unsigned int keyPAD9       = 0x69;
-    const unsigned int keyPADADD     = VK_ADD;
-    const unsigned int keyPADSUB     = VK_SUBTRACT;
-    const unsigned int keyPADMUL     = VK_MULTIPLY;
-    const unsigned int keyPADDIV     = VK_DIVIDE;
-
-#else
-    // Define random keycodes when no display is available.
-    // (should rarely be used then!).
-    const unsigned int keyESC        = 1U;   //!< Keycode for the \c ESC key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyF1         = 2U;   //!< Keycode for the \c F1 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyF2         = 3U;   //!< Keycode for the \c F2 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyF3         = 4U;   //!< Keycode for the \c F3 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyF4         = 5U;   //!< Keycode for the \c F4 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyF5         = 6U;   //!< Keycode for the \c F5 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyF6         = 7U;   //!< Keycode for the \c F6 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyF7         = 8U;   //!< Keycode for the \c F7 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyF8         = 9U;   //!< Keycode for the \c F8 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyF9         = 10U;  //!< Keycode for the \c F9 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyF10        = 11U;  //!< Keycode for the \c F10 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyF11        = 12U;  //!< Keycode for the \c F11 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyF12        = 13U;  //!< Keycode for the \c F12 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyPAUSE      = 14U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAUSE key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int key1          = 15U;  //!< Keycode for the \c 1 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int key2          = 16U;  //!< Keycode for the \c 2 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int key3          = 17U;  //!< Keycode for the \c 3 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int key4          = 18U;  //!< Keycode for the \c 4 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int key5          = 19U;  //!< Keycode for the \c 5 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int key6          = 20U;  //!< Keycode for the \c 6 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int key7          = 21U;  //!< Keycode for the \c 7 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int key8          = 22U;  //!< Keycode for the \c 8 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int key9          = 23U;  //!< Keycode for the \c 9 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int key0          = 24U;  //!< Keycode for the \c 0 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyBACKSPACE  = 25U;  //!< Keycode for the \c BACKSPACE key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyINSERT     = 26U;  //!< Keycode for the \c INSERT key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyHOME       = 27U;  //!< Keycode for the \c HOME key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyPAGEUP     = 28U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAGEUP key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyTAB        = 29U;  //!< Keycode for the \c TAB key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyQ          = 30U;  //!< Keycode for the \c Q key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyW          = 31U;  //!< Keycode for the \c W key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyE          = 32U;  //!< Keycode for the \c E key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyR          = 33U;  //!< Keycode for the \c R key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyT          = 34U;  //!< Keycode for the \c T key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyY          = 35U;  //!< Keycode for the \c Y key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyU          = 36U;  //!< Keycode for the \c U key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyI          = 37U;  //!< Keycode for the \c I key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyO          = 38U;  //!< Keycode for the \c O key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyP          = 39U;  //!< Keycode for the \c P key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyDELETE     = 40U;  //!< Keycode for the \c DELETE key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyEND        = 41U;  //!< Keycode for the \c END key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyPAGEDOWN   = 42U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAGEDOWN key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyCAPSLOCK   = 43U;  //!< Keycode for the \c CAPSLOCK key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyA          = 44U;  //!< Keycode for the \c A key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyS          = 45U;  //!< Keycode for the \c S key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyD          = 46U;  //!< Keycode for the \c D key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyF          = 47U;  //!< Keycode for the \c F key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyG          = 48U;  //!< Keycode for the \c G key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyH          = 49U;  //!< Keycode for the \c H key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyJ          = 50U;  //!< Keycode for the \c J key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyK          = 51U;  //!< Keycode for the \c K key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyL          = 52U;  //!< Keycode for the \c L key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyENTER      = 53U;  //!< Keycode for the \c ENTER key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keySHIFTLEFT  = 54U;  //!< Keycode for the \c SHIFTLEFT key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyZ          = 55U;  //!< Keycode for the \c Z key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyX          = 56U;  //!< Keycode for the \c X key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyC          = 57U;  //!< Keycode for the \c C key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyV          = 58U;  //!< Keycode for the \c V key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyB          = 59U;  //!< Keycode for the \c B key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyN          = 60U;  //!< Keycode for the \c N key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyM          = 61U;  //!< Keycode for the \c M key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keySHIFTRIGHT = 62U;  //!< Keycode for the \c SHIFTRIGHT key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyARROWUP    = 63U;  //!< Keycode for the \c ARROWUP key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyCTRLLEFT   = 64U;  //!< Keycode for the \c CTRLLEFT key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyAPPLEFT    = 65U;  //!< Keycode for the \c APPLEFT key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyALT        = 66U;  //!< Keycode for the \c ALT key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keySPACE      = 67U;  //!< Keycode for the \c SPACE key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyALTGR      = 68U;  //!< Keycode for the \c ALTGR key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyAPPRIGHT   = 69U;  //!< Keycode for the \c APPRIGHT key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyMENU       = 70U;  //!< Keycode for the \c MENU key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyCTRLRIGHT  = 71U;  //!< Keycode for the \c CTRLRIGHT key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyARROWLEFT  = 72U;  //!< Keycode for the \c ARROWLEFT key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyARROWDOWN  = 73U;  //!< Keycode for the \c ARROWDOWN key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyARROWRIGHT = 74U;  //!< Keycode for the \c ARROWRIGHT key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyPAD0       = 75U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAD0 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyPAD1       = 76U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAD1 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyPAD2       = 77U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAD2 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyPAD3       = 78U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAD3 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyPAD4       = 79U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAD4 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyPAD5       = 80U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAD5 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyPAD6       = 81U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAD6 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyPAD7       = 82U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAD7 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyPAD8       = 83U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAD8 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyPAD9       = 84U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAD9 key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyPADADD     = 85U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PADADD key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyPADSUB     = 86U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PADSUB key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyPADMUL     = 87U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PADMUL key (architecture-dependent).
-    const unsigned int keyPADDIV     = 88U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PADDDIV key (architecture-dependent).
-#endif
-
-    const double PI = 3.14159265358979323846;   //!< Value of the mathematical constant PI
-
-    // Define a 12x13 font (small size).
-    const char *const data_font12x13 =
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-    // Define a 20x23 font (normal size).
-    const char *const data_font20x23 =
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-"r^q                               *q                                                                                   kr               i";
-
-    // Define a 47x53 font (extra-large size).
-    const char *const data_font47x53 =
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-"-h:_J]<g8g8g8g8g BhV]G]H]C]H]C]H]C]H]G^G^B]*d5](]2\\X\\4aW]8^V^6\\S\\  I](]3]X]5^U^?](]3\\W\\5^U^.^R[9aW]7](]2\\X\\4aW]8^V^  J](]2\\X\\4^V^1]8]+^V^      ?a>w   "
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-"]._0_0_0_0_0_/uK`R`Cn?n?n?n?].].].]-n@`K]?`S`>`S`>`S`>`S`>`S` H`ScE]H]C]H]C]H]C]H]E^K^@],^T^5],]1\\V\\6\\U`7^V^6]U\\  F],]2\\T\\6^U^=],]2\\U\\6^U^-e9\\U`4],]1\\"
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-" /[5]T[S\\8a1`<]L]=^R^<]O^8b7_       H^O\\ F] 6\\R\\=[R[U^5\\N]T]L^M` L]*] 0]:] 8]1^+]P]4]7_1[L_1]<ZL^:^Q^8]4^N^>ZM];].] R` P`.]2]QfXaN]G]B]L^=^L]C]K_B].]+"
-"_J]F]H]C].].]M^?].]C]H]La@^M^C]+^M^C]J]B]L^7]4^N^:a4aMaK^M^8]7^.]*^.]   Q]P`>`Q^=^NZ;^Q`>_LZ>].^Q`?]L]?].].]Q^;].]M]M]N]L]>^P^>`Q^=^Q`?]/ZL];]-^Q`:a4`"
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-"&^ <\\H\\ K[R[  I\\H\\     K_P`XZ9\\U\\   ,[R[,\\E\\D\\K]?\\E\\M]O\\=]G]D]G]D]G]D]G]D]G]D]G]D]K];^L]C].].].].].].].]-]K_C]La@^M^@^M^@^M^@^M^@^M^A_L_C`N^A^N^?^N^?^"
-"N^?^N^9]6].]L]?]P`>]P`>]P`>]P`>]P`>]P`>]P]X^LZN^NZ;_LZ>_LZ>_LZ>_LZ?].].].]-^P^>]L]>^P^=^P^=^P^=^P^=^P^2^:^P^=^Q`>^Q`>^Q`>^Q`:a7`Q^9a  Dk<k<k<k<k>],a  "
-"H]-] /[,[._0_;]L]=j<]N]7`5a       J_S^ F] 6\\R\\=^U[W_5]N^V^K_Rd L],] /]:] 8]1])^T^3]8_0^Q`0]<]Q_8^S^8^3_R_=]R^:].] O] P]+]1\\PdW`N^G^C]N_;`R`C]NaA].]*`O"
-"`F]H]C].].]L^@].]C]H]La?`S`B]*`S`B]J]B`Q_6]3_R_9a4aMaL^K^9]8^-])].]   Q_Tb>aS^;_R\\:^Sa=`Q]>]-^Sa?]L]?].].]P^<].]M]M]N]L]=_T_=aS^;^Sa?]/^R_:]-^Sa:a3_P_"
-"C^P^7_8^%]4](]   S_V^X^?aS^>]T^5_T_=`R]<]L]8_8]M^>`SdA]SaS]E^W]W^=]P^=_W]W_>]X]T_<_T_5^4^T^?^G^C^/])^Q^8c=]H]7]6`S` ?] ;c >c E]._W[V\\9]4^J^9]4]%] ;]L]"
-" IZQZ  H]L] !u  ,`Sd9\\U\\   ,ZQZ,]E\\E]L]?]E\\M_S^>^G^F^G^F^G^F^G^F^G^F^G^F^K]:`R`C].].].].].].].]-]ObB]La?`S`>`S`>`S`>`S`>`S`?]J]CcS`?_R_=_R_=_R_=_R_8]6"
-"].]V[R^?_Tb>_Tb>_Tb>_Tb>_Tb>_Tb>_T^V_Q]M_R\\:`Q]=`Q]=`Q]=`Q]?].].].],_T_=]L]=_T_;_T_;_T_;_T_;_T_1^:`T_;^Sa=^Sa=^Sa=^Sa9_6aS^7_  Bi:i:i:i:i=]+`  I],] /["
-",[-].]:]L]<h;]N]7`3q      \"h E] 7]S]=k5]LdIjW^ M],] /]:] 8]1](f9k?n?l/]<j6g7]1j<h9].] LZ PZ(]1]O`U]K]E]Cm8kBn?n?](nE]H]C].].]K^Am>]C]H]K`>kA])kA]J^Cm5"
-"]2j7_2`M`K^J]9]8tC])].]   PgX]>]Xf9h9fX]<k>],fX]?]L]?].].]O^=].]M]M]N]L]<h<]Xf9fX]?]/j9d4gX]:a3_P_D^O^7_8m4]4](]   RfXaBk=^V^3h;j<]L]8_9^L]>qA^U]W]U^D"
-"i<]O`?k=]Xg:h3a7f>uCn?]/eSe;]:]H]7]5k >] :a <a D]-h>n?\\H\\8]4]%] 9^R^   *^R^  Xu  ,q9\\U\\    /]D\\F]LfH]D\\Li>]E]F]E]F]E]F]E]F]E]F]E]F]JnIkBn?n?n?n?].].]."
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-" /].]-[,[9]L];e:^N^8`2p       e D] 7]S]<i4\\JbGgT^ M\\,\\ .]:] 8]1]'d8k?n>i-]<i4e6]0h;g8].]   I]0]3]E]Cl6h@l=n?]&jC]H]C].].]J^Bm>]C]H]K`<g?]'g?]I]Bj3]1h6"
-"_2_K_L^I^:]8tC])].]   OdV]>]Wd6f8dW]:i>]+dW]?]L]?].].]N^>].]M]M]N]L];f;]Wd7dW]?]/i7c3dV]9_2_P_E^M^8_8m4]4](]   QdV`B]Xe;d1f8h<]L]8_9]K]>]XdW_@eWeBg;]O"
-"`=g;]Vd8f1`6d=uCn?]/eSe;]:]H]7]3g <] 9_ :_ C]+f>n>ZFZ7]4]%] 7f   &f  Vu  ,]XdW_9\\U\\    /\\C\\F\\KfH\\C\\Kg=]E]F]E]F]E]F]E]F]E]F]E]F]JnHh@n?n?n?n?].].].]-l>"
-"]K`<g8g8g8g8g J]Vh:h9h9h9h6]6].]Ve;dV]<dV]<dV]<dV]<dV]<dV]<eRiJf7i:i:i:i?].].].]*f;]L];f7f7f7f7f F]Xe7dV]<dV]<dV]<dV]9_6]Wd5_  <\\-\\-\\-\\-\\6]+_  FZ*[ /]"
-".],Z+Z9]L]8`8]L]7^.m       W` A] 7\\R\\7b2]H^BaP_ O].] .]:\\ 7]2^%`6k?n:b*]9c/a5],b6b5].\\   H]/\\4]C]Di0b=h9n?]#c?]H]C].].]I_Dm>]C]H]J_9a<]$d?]I^?c0].b3_2"
-"_K_M^G^;]8tC](]/]   M`T]>]U`2b4`U]7c;])`U]?]L]?].].]M^?].]M]M]N]L]8`8]U`3`U]?],c2a0_T]9_2^N^F^K^8]7m4]4](]   O`R^B]Va8b-`3d:]L]7]9^J]?]V`T]>cUc?c9]N_:"
-"a8]T`3`-_4`<wDn?]/eSe;]:]H]7]0a 9] 8] 8] B])b<n @]4]&^ 5b   \"b  Tu  ,]V`T]8\\U\\    0].].]0b;]C]H]C]H]C]H]C]H]C]H^E^H^JnEb=n?n?n?n?].].].]-h:]J_9a2a2a2a"
-"2a G\\Rb4b3b3b3b3]6].]Vc7`T]:`T]:`T]:`T]:`T]:`T]:aMcEb2c4c4c4c<].].].]'`8]L]8`1`1`1`1` D]Ua2_T]9_T]9_T]9_T]8]5]U`2]      =]                       &[   "
-"O].]  E]  E]         ']    S]        R]      ^       (](]/]        C]  S]    '] V]      F^ 7]4](]   %])[  4]7] @])_Q_:] 9]6]                6[   S]0[R"
-"^           H]%\\U\\ A\\            @\\             /Z            <\\             ,[    M^5](^      =]                       &[   N]0]  D\\  D]         '\\  "
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-"   @\\                          J\\                  X]4](]      <]                       &[   N]0]  D\\  E^         '\\    P^G]       2]      X^       )]"
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-"I[                  ^4])^      @ZV]                       &[   M]2]  D]  E]         ']    O_K_       3]      V^       *b,]5b        E^  R]    '] V]   "
-"   G^ 6^5])^   %]   ;]7] @] /] 9]6]                6[   S].a           D]%\\U\\ ?\\            @\\                          J\\                 !^4])^     "
-" B\\V]                       &[   M]2]  D\\            G\\    L`P`       2]      U^       +b =b        RZN^  R^    '] V]      H^ 4^6]*^   $]   ;]7] @] /]"
-" 9]6]                6[   S]            J]  :\\            @\\                          J\\                 \"^3]*^      A\\V\\                       %[   L"
-"]4]                   Vm       2^      S^       ,b =b        R\\Q_  R]    &] V]      I^ 3b:].b   $]   ;]7] @] /] 9]6]                6[   S]           "
-" J]  @ZU]            FZU]                          PZU]                 #^2]+^      @b                       %[                       Si       4b     "
-"                  %i  Ua    &] V]      Mb 2a:].a   #]   ;]7] @] /] 9]6]                   .]            J]  @b            Fb                          "
-"Pb                 'b2]       E`                                               Qb       1a                       $g  S`    %] V]      Ma /_:]._   !]  "
-" ;]7] @] /] 9]6]                   .]            J]  @a            Ea                          Oa                 &a1]       D^                       "
-"                                X^                 Ip      Fc  Q^    #] V]      M_  A]    )]   ;]7] @] /] 9]6]                                T]  @`  "
-"          D`                          N`                 %_/]       BZ                                                                        Ap      "
-"                 6]                                                                                                                                   "
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-
-    // Define a 90x103 font (huge size).
-    const char *const _data_font90x103[] = {  // Defined as an array to avoid MS compiler limit about constant string (65Kb).
-      // Start of first string.
-"                                                                                                                                                      "
-"                                                                                                                                                      "
-"                                                                        HX     4V         >X       IX           *W             FW                     "
-"                                                                                                                                                      "
-"                                                                                                                                                      "
-"                                                                                                                     HX  W 4Z 3VCT   <Z     >X  W 4Z  "
-" HX  W 4Z     'VCT ;X  W 3Y 2UCT       KX  W 3Y   0W                                                                                                  "
-"                                                                                                                                                      "
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-"                                    @W !W 4\\ 5YET ?XHX 8]     >W !W 4\\ 7XGX KW !W 4\\ 7XHX   +YET :W !W 3[ 5ZFT ?XGX     EW !W 3[ 7XGX 5W              "
-"                                                                                                                                                      "
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-"V 3\\ 7XGX JW \"V 3\\ 7XHX   -]HU 9W \"V 3] 7]HT ?XGX     DW \"V 3] 8XGX 5V                                                                                "
-"                                                                                                                                                      "
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-"                                                      <W $V 3VNV 8_KV ?XHX 9`     >W $V 3VNV 8XGX IW $V 3VNV 8XHX   -_KV 8W $V 2] 7_KU ?XGX     CW $V "
-"2] 8XGX 6V                                                                                                                                            "
-"                                                                                                                                                      "
-"                                                                                                                                                :W &W "
-"4VLV :j >XHX :VJV     >W &W 4VLV 9XGX HW &W 4VLV 9XHX   .j 6W &W 3VMV 9i >XGX     BW &W 3VMV 9XGX 7W               MW                                 "
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-"                                                                                      CV 'W 4VJV ;j >XHX ;UGV     >V 'W 4VJV :XGX GV 'W 4VJV :XHX   .j"
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-"     N]                                                                                                                                               "
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-"T     <V *V 3UFU ;XGX EV *V 3UFU ;XHX   /UH\\ 1V *V 2UGU <TH] =XGX     ?V *V 2UGU ;XGX 9V               a                                              "
-"                                                                                                                                                      "
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-"EU =TFZ <XGX     >V ,V 2UEU <XGX :V               Na                                                                                                  "
-"                                                                                                                                                      "
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-"                     DU -V 3VDV ?TCV :XHX <TBT     ;U -V 3VDV =XGX CU -V 3VDV =XHX   /TCV -U -V 2UCU >TCU :XGX     =U -V 2UCU =XGX ;V               NV"
-"IV                                                                          \"W                                                                        "
-"                                                                                                                                                      "
-"                                                                                                                          JU /V 3VBV     ETBT     :U /"
-"V 3VBV   FU /V 3VBV       (U /V 2UAU         DU /V 2UAU   @V               NVGV                                                                       "
-"   $X                                                                                                                                                 "
-"              *X                                                                                                                                      "
-"                           JX                                GTBT                                                   MX  GX 7V     :UEU     DX  GX 7V  "
-" JX  GX 7W       4X  GX 6V         GX  GX 5V   (X                            &X                                                                       "
-"                                                                                        )X                                                     8V     "
-"                                                                                                      ;X                                FTBT          "
-"                                         LX  IX 7X     <UCU     DX  IX 7X   JX  IX 6W       3X  IX 6X         GX  IX 5X   *X                          "
-"  &Y                                                                                                                                                  "
-"             (X                                                     9V                                                                                "
-"                           <X                                ETBT                                                   KX  KX 6X 1TBT   BTAT     CX  KX 6"
-"Y   JX  KX 6Y     (TBT BX  KX 5X 1TBT       LX  KX 4X   +X                            %T                                                    #W 9W     "
-"                                                                                          3a   :a     <W   2W    >W   E\\   AW ,W ,W ,W ,W             "
-"                HY GV +Y         4Z           NX                 @X                                                                  %W               "
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-"  KW  KW 4Z   ,W BW                 8V         (S                                             <S       9V 7V                                          "
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-" EW   5W    >W   Kb   AW ,W ,W ,W ,W                            !a GV +a         Ch   =f       ^                 Mf 2Z @x Mx <c 3X C~Q)X?X?X Kc   2T  "
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-",W ,W ,W ,W               HW             2[ ?V #[         Hn   En      #`                #l 6\\ Ax Mx Cp 9X C~Q)X?X?X\"o   ;Z   1V   1Z   FX  KS 0i  #W2"
-"W LV ,i ?XGX *l'h       3l'i ;c   Dg ;g ,W   6o    %^ 1g   B^,V.^,V0g3V X *\\ 1\\ 1\\ 1\\ 1\\ 2^ 0~V2s$x Mx Mx Mx MX -X -X -X ,v L]5X Jo Do Do Do Do   HpKW"
-"-X/X'X/X'X/X'X/X-Y0Y\"X )n <W &W 5VJV ;TI_ >XHX ;UEU     <W &W 5VIV ;XGX HW &W 5VIV ;XGX *g ?TI_ ;W &W 4VJV ;TI_ >XHX     @W &W 3VJV :XHX 4W =W &XHX   "
-"  1\\ 1\\ 1\\ 1\\ 1\\ =XMV K~Y       =S   4U 1c IdCc AU         Dz                In   LX 2VFV $VBV ES 9g7V$k HV #W 1W #T         8W 3l Fh ?r Eq 3] Dq ?m L"
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-// Start of second string.
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-"   <V 1V     6V     :V                      !V         1Y-U                 'X             \"Z                  FW  MV /W                   ;X    %W   "
-"        @W  :W              .X   +W ;V  NW         KW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                      3S       GV /h             "
-"             AW  HUGU   ?T                            %T                                                             NT                               "
-"          )X 9W  X               KV                                                       6S       <W 3V     6V     9V                      \"V        "
-" /Z1X                 (X             !Z                  Ga (V 9a                   ;W    $W           @W  :W              .W   *W ;V  NW         KW  "
-"      FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                      3S       GV .f                          @W  HUGU   ?U                            &"
-"U                                                             U                                         *W 8W  W               JV                     "
-"                                  6S       ;V 3V     6V     :W                      \"V         .[5[                 *Y              Z                 "
-" Ha (W :a                   <X    $W           @W  :W              /X   *X <V  X         KW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                           "
-"           3S       GV +a                          >W  HUGU   >T                            %T                                                        "
-"     NT                                         +X 8W !X              (VIV                                                       6S       :V 5V     5U"
-"     9W                      \"U         +\\;]                 )X              MZ                  Ia (W :a                   =Y    %W           ?W  :W "
-"             /W   )[ ?V #[         KW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                      3S       GV 'Z                          ;W "
-" HUGU   >U                            &U                                                             U                                         ,W 7W !"
-"W              'VIV                                                       6S       :V 6W     6V                            4V         *_C`            "
-"     )Y              LZ                  Ja   :a                  (P7Y    $W           ?W  :W              0X   (b GV +b         JW        FW ?W   >W "
-"   NW   0W =W                                      3S       GV                            7W  HUGU   >U                            &U                 "
-"                                            U                                         -X 7W \"X              'VJW                                      "
-"                 6S       9V 7V     5U                            3U         'x                 (Z              KZ                  Ka   :a           "
-"       (R:Z    $W           ?W  :W              0X   (b GV +b         JW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                      3S      "
-" GV                            7W     #U                            &U                                                             U                  "
-"                       -X 7W \"X              &UJW                                                       6S       9W 9W                                "
-"            Bu                 ([              IZ                  La   :a                  (T>[    $X           ?W  :W              1X   &a GV +a    "
-"     IW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                      3S       GV                            7W     $V                         "
-"   'V                                                            !V                                         .X 6W #X              %VLW                "
-"                                       5S                                                     2p                 -a                                   "
-"                    8XE]    %Y           >W  :W              3Z   $_ GV +_         GW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                 "
-"     3S       GV                            7W     /QGW                            2QGW                                                            ,QG"
-"W                                         0Z 6W %Z              %a                                                       5S                           "
-"                          0l                 +a                                                       8p    +_           >W  :W              ;a   !] G"
-"V +]         EW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                      3S       GV                            7W     /`                 "
-"           1`                                                            +`                                         7a 5W -a              #`          "
-"                                                                                                   >e                 '`                              "
-"                         7o    *^           =W  :W              ;`    KY GV +Y         AW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                             "
-"         3S       GV                            7W     /`                            1`                                                            +` "
-"                                        7` 4W -`              \"_                                                                                      "
-"                       8\\                 #_                                       \"}              3n    )^           =W  :W              ;`     9V   "
-"        BW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                             'V                            7W     /_                        "
-"    0_                                                            *_                                         6` 4W -`              !]                 "
-"                                                                                                              -]                                      "
-"  }              3l    ']           <W  :W              ;_     8V           BW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                        "
-"     'V                            7W     /^                            /^                                                            )^              "
-"                           5_ 3W -_               N[                                                                                                  "
-"                             ,[                                        M}              2j    &\\           ;W  :W              ;^     7V           BW  "
-"      FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                                                          7W     -Y                            *Y       "
-"                                                     $Y                                         2^ 2W -^               LX                             "
-"                                                                                                  *X                                        J}        "
-"      /d    #Z           9W  :W              ;\\     5V           BW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                                   "
-"                       7W                                                                                                                             "
-"            /\\ 0W                 HT                                                                                                                  "
-"                                                      I}              *[     NW           6W  :W              ;Z     3V           BW        FW ?W   >W"
-"    NW   0W =W                                                                          7W                                                            "
-"                                                                             /Z .W                                                                    "
-"                                                                                                                     =}                               "
-"                                                                                                                                                      "
-"                                                                                                                              D" };
-
-    // Define a 40x38 'danger' color logo (used by cimg::dialog()).
-    const unsigned char logo40x38[4576] = {
-      177,200,200,200,3,123,123,0,36,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,2,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,34,200,200,200,
-      1,123,123,0,4,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,1,123,123,123,32,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,5,255,255,0,1,0,0,
-      0,2,123,123,123,30,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,6,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,29,200,200,200,
-      1,123,123,0,7,255,255,0,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,28,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,8,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,
-      2,123,123,123,27,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,9,255,255,0,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,26,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,10,255,
-      255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,25,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,3,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,3,0,0,0,1,189,
-      189,189,3,255,255,0,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,24,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,4,255,255,0,5,0,0,0,3,255,255,0,1,189,
-      189,189,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,23,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,4,255,255,0,5,0,0,0,4,255,255,0,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,
-      22,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,5,255,255,0,5,0,0,0,4,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,21,200,200,200,
-      1,123,123,0,5,255,255,0,5,0,0,0,5,255,255,0,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,20,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,6,255,255,0,5,0,0,
-      0,5,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,19,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,6,255,255,0,1,123,123,0,3,0,0,0,1,
-      123,123,0,6,255,255,0,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,18,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,7,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,3,0,0,0,1,189,
-      189,189,6,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,17,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,8,255,255,0,3,0,0,0,8,255,255,
-      0,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,16,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,9,255,255,0,1,123,123,0,1,0,0,0,1,123,123,0,8,255,255,0,1,189,
-      189,189,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,15,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,9,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,1,189,189,189,9,255,255,
-      0,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,14,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,11,255,255,0,1,0,0,0,10,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,2,123,
-      123,123,13,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,23,255,255,0,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,12,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,11,255,255,0,1,189,
-      189,189,2,0,0,0,1,189,189,189,9,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,11,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,11,255,255,
-      0,4,0,0,0,10,255,255,0,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,10,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,12,255,255,0,4,0,0,0,10,255,255,0,1,189,189,
-      189,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,9,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,12,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,2,0,0,0,1,189,189,189,11,255,255,0,1,
-      0,0,0,2,123,123,123,9,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,27,255,255,0,1,0,0,0,3,123,123,123,8,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,26,255,
-      255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,3,123,123,123,9,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,24,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,4,123,123,
-      123,10,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,24,0,0,0,5,123,123,123,12,200,200,200,27,123,123,123,14,200,200,200,25,123,123,123,86,
-      200,200,200,91,49,124,118,124,71,32,124,95,49,56,114,52,82,121,0};
-
-    //! Get/set default output stream for the \CImg library messages.
-    /**
-       \param file Desired output stream. Set to \c 0 to get the currently used output stream only.
-       \return Currently used output stream.
-    **/
-    inline std::FILE* output(std::FILE *file) {
-      cimg::mutex(1);
-      static std::FILE *res = stderr;
-      if (file) res = file;
-      cimg::mutex(1,0);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    // Return number of available CPU cores.
-    inline unsigned int nb_cpus() {
-      unsigned int res = 1;
-#if cimg_OS==2
-      SYSTEM_INFO sysinfo;
-      GetSystemInfo(&sysinfo);
-      res = (unsigned int)sysinfo.dwNumberOfProcessors;
-#else
-      res = (unsigned int)sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
-#endif
-      return res?res:1U;
-    }
-
-    // Lock/unlock mutex for CImg multi-thread programming.
-    inline int mutex(const unsigned int n, const int lock_mode) {
-      switch (lock_mode) {
-      case 0 : cimg::Mutex_attr().unlock(n); return 0;
-      case 1 : cimg::Mutex_attr().lock(n); return 0;
-      default : return cimg::Mutex_attr().trylock(n);
-      }
-    }
-
-    //! Display a warning message on the default output stream.
-    /**
-       \param format C-string containing the format of the message, as with <tt>std::printf()</tt>.
-       \note If configuration macro \c cimg_strict_warnings is set, this function throws a
-       \c CImgWarningException instead.
-       \warning As the first argument is a format string, it is highly recommended to write
-       \code
-       cimg::warn("%s",warning_message);
-       \endcode
-       instead of
-       \code
-       cimg::warn(warning_message);
-       \endcode
-       if \c warning_message can be arbitrary, to prevent nasty memory access.
-    **/
-    inline void warn(const char *const format, ...) {
-      if (cimg::exception_mode()>=1) {
-        char message[16384] = { 0 };
-        std::va_list ap;
-        va_start(ap,format);
-        cimg_vsnprintf(message,sizeof(message),format,ap);
-        va_end(ap);
-#ifdef cimg_strict_warnings
-        throw CImgWarningException(message);
-#else
-        std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"\n%s[CImg] *** Warning ***%s%s",cimg::t_red,cimg::t_normal,message);
-#endif
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Execute an external system command.
-    /**
-       \param command C-string containing the command line to execute.
-       \param module_name Module name.
-       \return Status value of the executed command, whose meaning is OS-dependent.
-       \note This function is similar to <tt>std::system()</tt>
-       but it does not open an extra console windows
-       on Windows-based systems.
-    **/
-    inline int system(const char *const command, const char *const module_name=0) {
-      cimg::unused(module_name);
-#ifdef cimg_no_system_calls
-      return -1;
-#else
-#if cimg_OS==1
-      const unsigned int l = std::strlen(command);
-      if (l) {
-        char *const ncommand = new char[l+16];
-        std::strncpy(ncommand,command,l);
-        std::strcpy(ncommand+l," 2> /dev/null"); // Make command silent.
-        const int out_val = std::system(ncommand);
-        delete[] ncommand;
-        return out_val;
-      } else return -1;
-#elif cimg_OS==2
-      PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
-      STARTUPINFO si;
-      std::memset(&pi,0,sizeof(PROCESS_INFORMATION));
-      std::memset(&si,0,sizeof(STARTUPINFO));
-      GetStartupInfo(&si);
-      si.cb = sizeof(si);
-      si.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE;
-      si.dwFlags |= SW_HIDE | STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
-      const BOOL res = CreateProcess((LPCTSTR)module_name,(LPTSTR)command,0,0,FALSE,0,0,0,&si,&pi);
-      if (res) {
-        WaitForSingleObject(pi.hProcess, INFINITE);
-        CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
-        CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
-        return 0;
-      } else return std::system(command);
-#endif
-#endif
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to a temporary variable of type T.
-    template<typename T>
-    inline T& temporary(const T&) {
-      static T temp;
-      return temp;
-    }
-
-    //! Exchange values of variables \c a and \c b.
-    template<typename T>
-    inline void swap(T& a, T& b) { T t = a; a = b; b = t; }
-
-    //! Exchange values of variables (\c a1,\c a2) and (\c b1,\c b2).
-    template<typename T1, typename T2>
-    inline void swap(T1& a1, T1& b1, T2& a2, T2& b2) {
-      cimg::swap(a1,b1); cimg::swap(a2,b2);
-    }
-
-    //! Exchange values of variables (\c a1,\c a2,\c a3) and (\c b1,\c b2,\c b3).
-    template<typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
-    inline void swap(T1& a1, T1& b1, T2& a2, T2& b2, T3& a3, T3& b3) {
-      cimg::swap(a1,b1,a2,b2); cimg::swap(a3,b3);
-    }
-
-    //! Exchange values of variables (\c a1,\c a2,...,\c a4) and (\c b1,\c b2,...,\c b4).
-    template<typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
-    inline void swap(T1& a1, T1& b1, T2& a2, T2& b2, T3& a3, T3& b3, T4& a4, T4& b4) {
-      cimg::swap(a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3); cimg::swap(a4,b4);
-    }
-
-    //! Exchange values of variables (\c a1,\c a2,...,\c a5) and (\c b1,\c b2,...,\c b5).
-    template<typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
-    inline void swap(T1& a1, T1& b1, T2& a2, T2& b2, T3& a3, T3& b3, T4& a4, T4& b4, T5& a5, T5& b5) {
-      cimg::swap(a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3,a4,b4); cimg::swap(a5,b5);
-    }
-
-    //! Exchange values of variables (\c a1,\c a2,...,\c a6) and (\c b1,\c b2,...,\c b6).
-    template<typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5, typename T6>
-    inline void swap(T1& a1, T1& b1, T2& a2, T2& b2, T3& a3, T3& b3, T4& a4, T4& b4, T5& a5, T5& b5, T6& a6, T6& b6) {
-      cimg::swap(a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3,a4,b4,a5,b5); cimg::swap(a6,b6);
-    }
-
-    //! Exchange values of variables (\c a1,\c a2,...,\c a7) and (\c b1,\c b2,...,\c b7).
-    template<typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5, typename T6, typename T7>
-    inline void swap(T1& a1, T1& b1, T2& a2, T2& b2, T3& a3, T3& b3, T4& a4, T4& b4, T5& a5, T5& b5, T6& a6, T6& b6,
-                     T7& a7, T7& b7) {
-      cimg::swap(a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3,a4,b4,a5,b5,a6,b6); cimg::swap(a7,b7);
-    }
-
-    //! Exchange values of variables (\c a1,\c a2,...,\c a8) and (\c b1,\c b2,...,\c b8).
-    template<typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
-    inline void swap(T1& a1, T1& b1, T2& a2, T2& b2, T3& a3, T3& b3, T4& a4, T4& b4, T5& a5, T5& b5, T6& a6, T6& b6,
-                     T7& a7, T7& b7, T8& a8, T8& b8) {
-      cimg::swap(a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3,a4,b4,a5,b5,a6,b6,a7,b7); cimg::swap(a8,b8);
-    }
-
-    //! Return the endianness of the current architecture.
-    /**
-       \return \c false for <i>Little Endian</i> or \c true for <i>Big Endian</i>.
-    **/
-    inline bool endianness() {
-      const int x = 1;
-      return ((unsigned char*)&x)[0]?false:true;
-    }
-
-    //! Reverse endianness of all elements in a memory buffer.
-    /**
-       \param[in,out] buffer Memory buffer whose endianness must be reversed.
-       \param size Number of buffer elements to reverse.
-    **/
-    template<typename T>
-    inline void invert_endianness(T* const buffer, const unsigned long size) {
-      if (size) switch (sizeof(T)) {
-      case 1 : break;
-      case 2 : { for (unsigned short *ptr = (unsigned short*)buffer+size; ptr>(unsigned short*)buffer; ) {
-        const unsigned short val = *(--ptr);
-        *ptr = (unsigned short)((val>>8)|((val<<8)));
-      }
-      } break;
-      case 4 : { for (unsigned int *ptr = (unsigned int*)buffer+size; ptr>(unsigned int*)buffer; ) {
-        const unsigned int val = *(--ptr);
-        *ptr = (val>>24)|((val>>8)&0xff00)|((val<<8)&0xff0000)|(val<<24);
-      }
-      } break;
-      default : { for (T* ptr = buffer+size; ptr>buffer; ) {
-        unsigned char *pb = (unsigned char*)(--ptr), *pe = pb + sizeof(T);
-        for (int i = 0; i<(int)sizeof(T)/2; ++i) swap(*(pb++),*(--pe));
-      }
-      }
-      }
-    }
-
-    //! Reverse endianness of a single variable.
-    /**
-       \param[in,out] a Variable to reverse.
-       \return Reference to reversed variable.
-    **/
-    template<typename T>
-    inline T& invert_endianness(T& a) {
-      invert_endianness(&a,1);
-      return a;
-    }
-
-    // Conversion functions to get more precision when trying to store unsigned ints values as floats.
-    inline unsigned int float2uint(const float f) {
-      int tmp = 0;
-      std::memcpy(&tmp,&f,sizeof(float));
-      if (tmp>=0) return (unsigned int)f;
-      unsigned int u;
-      // use memcpy instead of assignment to avoid undesired optimizations by C++-compiler.
-      std::memcpy(&u,&f,sizeof(float));
-      return ((u)<<1)>>1; // set sign bit to 0.
-    }
-
-    inline float uint2float(const unsigned int u) {
-      if (u<(1U<<19)) return (float)u;  // Consider safe storage of unsigned int as floats until 19bits (i.e 524287).
-      float f;
-      const unsigned int v = u|(1U<<(8*sizeof(unsigned int)-1)); // set sign bit to 1.
-      // use memcpy instead of simple assignment to avoid undesired optimizations by C++-compiler.
-      std::memcpy(&f,&v,sizeof(float));
-      return f;
-    }
-
-    //! Return the value of a system timer, with a millisecond precision.
-    /**
-       \note The timer does not necessarily starts from \c 0.
-    **/
-    inline unsigned long time() {
-#if cimg_OS==1
-      struct timeval st_time;
-      gettimeofday(&st_time,0);
-      return (unsigned long)(st_time.tv_usec/1000 + st_time.tv_sec*1000);
-#elif cimg_OS==2
-      SYSTEMTIME st_time;
-      GetSystemTime(&st_time);
-      return (unsigned long)(st_time.wMilliseconds + 1000*(st_time.wSecond + 60*(st_time.wMinute + 60*st_time.wHour)));
-#else
-      return 0;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    // Implement a tic/toc mechanism to display elapsed time of algorithms.
-    inline unsigned long tictoc(const bool is_tic);
-
-    //! Start tic/toc timer for time measurement between code instructions.
-    /**
-       \return Current value of the timer (same value as time()).
-    **/
-    inline unsigned long tic() {
-      return cimg::tictoc(true);
-    }
-
-    //! End tic/toc timer and displays elapsed time from last call to tic().
-    /**
-       \return Time elapsed (in ms) since last call to tic().
-    **/
-    inline unsigned long toc() {
-      return cimg::tictoc(false);
-    }
-
-    //! Sleep for a given numbers of milliseconds.
-    /**
-       \param milliseconds Number of milliseconds to wait for.
-       \note This function frees the CPU ressources during the sleeping time.
-       It can be used to temporize your program properly, without wasting CPU time.
-    **/
-    inline void sleep(const unsigned int milliseconds) {
-#if cimg_OS==1
-      struct timespec tv;
-      tv.tv_sec = milliseconds/1000;
-      tv.tv_nsec = (milliseconds%1000)*1000000;
-      nanosleep(&tv,0);
-#elif cimg_OS==2
-      Sleep(milliseconds);
-#endif
-    }
-
-    inline unsigned int _wait(const unsigned int milliseconds, unsigned long& timer) {
-      if (!timer) timer = cimg::time();
-      const unsigned long current_time = cimg::time();
-      if (current_time>=timer+milliseconds) { timer = current_time; return 0; }
-      const unsigned long time_diff = timer + milliseconds - current_time;
-      timer = current_time + time_diff;
-      cimg::sleep(time_diff);
-      return (unsigned int)time_diff;
-    }
-
-    //! Wait for a given number of milliseconds since the last call to wait().
-    /**
-       \param milliseconds Number of milliseconds to wait for.
-       \return Number of milliseconds elapsed since the last call to wait().
-       \note Same as sleep() with a waiting time computed with regard to the last call
-       of wait(). It may be used to temporize your program properly, without wasting CPU time.
-    **/
-    inline unsigned int wait(const unsigned int milliseconds) {
-      cimg::mutex(3);
-      static unsigned long timer = 0;
-      if (!timer) timer = cimg::time();
-      cimg::mutex(3,0);
-      return _wait(milliseconds,timer);
-    }
-
-    // Random number generators.
-    // CImg may use its own Random Number Generator (RNG) if configuration macro 'cimg_use_rng' is set.
-    // Use it for instance when you have to deal with concurrent threads trying to call std::srand()
-    // at the same time!
-#ifdef cimg_use_rng
-
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-    // Use a custom RNG.
-    inline unsigned int _rand(const unsigned int seed=0, const bool set_seed=false) {
-      static unsigned long next = 0xB16B00B5;
-      cimg::mutex(4);
-      if (set_seed) next = (unsigned long)seed;
-      next = next*1103515245 + 12345U;
-      cimg::mutex(4,0);
-      return (unsigned int)(next&0xFFFFFFU);
-    }
-
-    inline void srand() {
-      const unsigned int t = (unsigned int)cimg::time();
-#if cimg_OS==1
-      cimg::_rand(t+(unsigned int)getpid(),true);
-#elif cimg_OS==2
-      cimg::_rand(t+(unsigned int)_getpid(),true);
-#else
-      cimg::_rand(t,true);
-#endif
-    }
-
-    inline void srand(const unsigned int seed) {
-      _rand(seed,true);
-    }
-
-    inline double rand() {
-      return cimg::_rand()/16777215.;
-    }
-
-#else
-
-    // Use the system RNG.
-    inline void srand() {
-      const unsigned int t = (unsigned int)cimg::time();
-#if cimg_OS==1
-      std::srand(t+(unsigned int)getpid());
-#elif cimg_OS==2
-      std::srand(t+(unsigned int)_getpid());
-#else
-      std::srand(t);
-#endif
-    }
-
-    inline void srand(const unsigned int seed) {
-      std::srand(seed);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a random variable between [0,1] with respect to an uniform distribution.
-    /**
-    **/
-    inline double rand() {
-      return (double)std::rand()/RAND_MAX;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    //! Return a random variable between [-1,1] with respect to an uniform distribution.
-    /**
-    **/
-    inline double crand() {
-      return 1-2*cimg::rand();
-    }
-
-    //! Return a random variable following a gaussian distribution and a standard deviation of 1.
-    /**
-    **/
-    inline double grand() {
-      double x1, w;
-      do {
-        const double x2 = 2*cimg::rand() - 1.0;
-        x1 = 2*cimg::rand()-1.0;
-        w = x1*x1 + x2*x2;
-      } while (w<=0 || w>=1.0);
-      return x1*std::sqrt((-2*std::log(w))/w);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a random variable following a Poisson distribution of parameter z.
-    /**
-    **/
-    inline unsigned int prand(const double z) {
-      if (z<=1.0e-10) return 0;
-      if (z>100) return (unsigned int)((std::sqrt(z) * cimg::grand()) + z);
-      unsigned int k = 0;
-      const double y = std::exp(-z);
-      for (double s = 1.0; s>=y; ++k) s*=cimg::rand();
-      return k-1;
-    }
-
-    //! Bitwise-rotate value on the left.
-    template<typename T>
-    inline T rol(const T a, const unsigned int n=1) {
-      return n?(T)((a<<n)|(a>>((sizeof(T)<<3)-n))):a;
-    }
-
-    inline float rol(const float a, const unsigned int n=1) {
-      return (float)rol((int)a,n);
-    }
-
-    inline double rol(const double a, const unsigned int n=1) {
-      return (double)rol((long)a,n);
-    }
-
-    //! Bitwise-rotate value on the right.
-    template<typename T>
-    inline T ror(const T a, const unsigned int n=1) {
-      return n?(T)((a>>n)|(a<<((sizeof(T)<<3)-n))):a;
-    }
-
-    inline float ror(const float a, const unsigned int n=1) {
-      return (float)ror((int)a,n);
-    }
-
-    inline double ror(const double a, const unsigned int n=1) {
-      return (double)ror((long)a,n);
-    }
-
-    //! Return absolute value of a value.
-    template<typename T>
-    inline T abs(const T a) {
-      return a>=0?a:-a;
-    }
-    inline bool abs(const bool a) {
-      return a;
-    }
-    inline unsigned char abs(const unsigned char a) {
-      return a;
-    }
-    inline unsigned short abs(const unsigned short a) {
-      return a;
-    }
-    inline unsigned int abs(const unsigned int a) {
-      return a;
-    }
-    inline unsigned long abs(const unsigned long a) {
-      return a;
-    }
-    inline double abs(const double a) {
-      return std::fabs(a);
-    }
-    inline float abs(const float a) {
-      return (float)std::fabs((double)a);
-    }
-    inline int abs(const int a) {
-      return std::abs(a);
-    }
-
-    //! Return square of a value.
-    template<typename T>
-    inline T sqr(const T val) {
-      return val*val;
-    }
-
-    //! Return <tt>1 + log_10(x)</tt> of a value \c x.
-    inline int xln(const int x) {
-      return x>0?(int)(1+std::log10((double)x)):1;
-    }
-
-    //! Return the minimum between two values.
-    template<typename t1, typename t2>
-    inline typename cimg::superset<t1,t2>::type min(const t1& a, const t2& b) {
-      typedef typename cimg::superset<t1,t2>::type t1t2;
-      return (t1t2)(a<=b?a:b);
-    }
-
-    //! Return the minimum between three values.
-    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3>
-    inline typename cimg::superset2<t1,t2,t3>::type min(const t1& a, const t2& b, const t3& c) {
-      typedef typename cimg::superset2<t1,t2,t3>::type t1t2t3;
-      return (t1t2t3)cimg::min(cimg::min(a,b),c);
-    }
-
-    //! Return the minimum between four values.
-    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4>
-    inline typename cimg::superset3<t1,t2,t3,t4>::type min(const t1& a, const t2& b, const t3& c, const t4& d) {
-      typedef typename cimg::superset3<t1,t2,t3,t4>::type t1t2t3t4;
-      return (t1t2t3t4)cimg::min(cimg::min(a,b,c),d);
-    }
-
-    //! Return the maximum between two values.
-    template<typename t1, typename t2>
-    inline typename cimg::superset<t1,t2>::type max(const t1& a, const t2& b) {
-      typedef typename cimg::superset<t1,t2>::type t1t2;
-      return (t1t2)(a>=b?a:b);
-    }
-
-    //! Return the maximum between three values.
-    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3>
-    inline typename cimg::superset2<t1,t2,t3>::type max(const t1& a, const t2& b, const t3& c) {
-      typedef typename cimg::superset2<t1,t2,t3>::type t1t2t3;
-      return (t1t2t3)cimg::max(cimg::max(a,b),c);
-    }
-
-    //! Return the maximum between four values.
-    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4>
-    inline typename cimg::superset3<t1,t2,t3,t4>::type max(const t1& a, const t2& b, const t3& c, const t4& d) {
-      typedef typename cimg::superset3<t1,t2,t3,t4>::type t1t2t3t4;
-      return (t1t2t3t4)cimg::max(cimg::max(a,b,c),d);
-    }
-
-    //! Return the sign of a value.
-    template<typename T>
-    inline T sign(const T x) {
-      return (x<0)?(T)(-1):(x==0?(T)0:(T)1);
-    }
-
-    //! Return the nearest power of 2 higher than given value.
-    template<typename T>
-    inline unsigned long nearest_pow2(const T x) {
-      unsigned long i = 1;
-      while (x>i) i<<=1;
-      return i;
-    }
-
-    //! Return the sinc of a given value.
-    inline double sinc(const double x) {
-      return x?std::sin(x)/x:1;
-    }
-
-    //! Return the modulo of a value.
-    /**
-       \param x Input value.
-       \param m Modulo value.
-       \note This modulo function accepts negative and floating-points modulo numbers, as well as variables of any type.
-    **/
-    template<typename T>
-    inline T mod(const T& x, const T& m) {
-      const double dx = (double)x, dm = (double)m;
-      return (T)(dx - dm * std::floor(dx / dm));
-    }
-    inline int mod(const bool x, const bool m) {
-      return m?(x?1:0):0;
-    }
-    inline int mod(const char x, const char m) {
-      return x>=0?x%m:(x%m?m+x%m:0);
-    }
-    inline int mod(const short x, const short m) {
-      return x>=0?x%m:(x%m?m+x%m:0);
-    }
-    inline int mod(const int x, const int m) {
-      return x>=0?x%m:(x%m?m+x%m:0);
-    }
-    inline int mod(const long x, const long m) {
-      return x>=0?x%m:(x%m?m+x%m:0);
-    }
-    inline int mod(const unsigned char x, const unsigned char m) {
-      return x%m;
-    }
-    inline int mod(const unsigned short x, const unsigned short m) {
-      return x%m;
-    }
-    inline int mod(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int m) {
-      return x%m;
-    }
-    inline int mod(const unsigned long x, const unsigned long m) {
-      return x%m;
-    }
-
-    //! Return the min-mod of two values.
-    /**
-       \note <i>minmod(\p a,\p b)</i> is defined to be:
-       - <i>minmod(\p a,\p b) = min(\p a,\p b)</i>, if \p a and \p b have the same sign.
-       - <i>minmod(\p a,\p b) = 0</i>, if \p a and \p b have different signs.
-    **/
-    template<typename T>
-    inline T minmod(const T a, const T b) {
-      return a*b<=0?0:(a>0?(a<b?a:b):(a<b?b:a));
-    }
-
-    //! Return base-2 logarithm of a value.
-    inline double log2(const double x) {
-      static const double base = std::log(2.0);
-      return std::log(x)/base;
-    }
-
-    //! Return rounded value.
-    /**
-       \param x Value to be rounded.
-       \param y Rounding precision.
-       \param rounding_type Type of rounding operation (\c 0 = nearest, \c -1 = backward, \c 1 = forward).
-       \return Rounded value, having the same type as input value \c x.
-    **/
-    template<typename T>
-    inline T round(const T x, const double y=1, const int rounding_type=0) {
-      if (y<=0) return x;
-      const double sx = (double)x/y, floor = std::floor(sx), delta =  sx - floor;
-      return (T)(y*(rounding_type<0?floor:rounding_type>0?std::ceil(sx):delta<0.5?floor:std::ceil(sx)));
-    }
-
-    inline double _pythagore(double a, double b) {
-      const double absa = cimg::abs(a), absb = cimg::abs(b);
-      if (absa>absb) { const double tmp = absb/absa; return absa*std::sqrt(1.0+tmp*tmp); }
-      else { const double tmp = absa/absb; return absb==0?0:absb*std::sqrt(1.0+tmp*tmp); }
-    }
-
-    inline bool _is_self_expr(const char *expression) {
-      if (!expression || *expression=='>' || *expression=='<') return false;
-      for (const char *s = expression; *s; ++s)
-        if ((*s=='i' || *s=='j') && (s[1]=='(' || s[1]=='[')) return true;
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert ascii character to lower case.
-    inline char uncase(const char x) {
-      return (char)((x<'A'||x>'Z')?x:x-'A'+'a');
-    }
-
-    //! Convert C-string to lower case.
-    inline void uncase(char *const str) {
-      if (str) for (char *ptr = str; *ptr; ++ptr) *ptr = uncase(*ptr);
-    }
-
-    //! Read value in a C-string.
-    /**
-       \param str C-string containing the float value to read.
-       \return Read value.
-       \note Same as <tt>std::atof()</tt> extended to manage the retrieval of fractions from C-strings,
-       as in <em>"1/2"</em>.
-    **/
-    inline double atof(const char *const str) {
-      double x = 0, y = 1;
-      if (!str) return 0; else { std::sscanf(str,"%lf/%lf",&x,&y); return x/y; }
-    }
-
-    //! Compare the first \p l characters of two C-strings, ignoring the case.
-    /**
-       \param str1 C-string.
-       \param str2 C-string.
-       \param l Number of characters to compare.
-       \return \c 0 if the two strings are equal, something else otherwise.
-       \note This function has to be defined since it is not provided by all C++-compilers (not ANSI).
-    **/
-    inline int strncasecmp(const char *const str1, const char *const str2, const int l) {
-      if (!l) return 0;
-      if (!str1) return str2?-1:0;
-      const char *nstr1 = str1, *nstr2 = str2;
-      int k, diff = 0; for (k = 0; k<l && !(diff = uncase(*nstr1)-uncase(*nstr2)); ++k) { ++nstr1; ++nstr2; }
-      return k!=l?diff:0;
-    }
-
-    //! Compare two C-strings, ignoring the case.
-    /**
-       \param str1 C-string.
-       \param str2 C-string.
-       \return \c 0 if the two strings are equal, something else otherwise.
-       \note This function has to be defined since it is not provided by all C++-compilers (not ANSI).
-    **/
-    inline int strcasecmp(const char *const str1, const char *const str2) {
-      if (!str1) return str2?-1:0;
-      const unsigned int
-        l1 = (unsigned int)std::strlen(str1),
-        l2 = (unsigned int)std::strlen(str2);
-      return cimg::strncasecmp(str1,str2,1+(l1<l2?l1:l2));
-    }
-
-    //! Remove delimiters on the start and/or end of a C-string.
-    /**
-       \param[in,out] str C-string to work with (modified at output).
-       \param delimiter Delimiter character code to remove.
-       \param is_symmetric Tells if the removal is done only if delimiters are symmetric
-       (both at the beginning and the end of \c s).
-       \param is_iterative Tells if the removal is done if several iterations are possible.
-       \return \c true if delimiters have been removed, \c false otherwise.
-   **/
-    inline bool strpare(char *const str, const char delimiter=' ',
-                        const bool is_symmetric=false, const bool is_iterative=false) {
-      if (!str) return false;
-      const int l = (int)std::strlen(str);
-      int p, q;
-      if (is_symmetric) for (p = 0, q = l-1; p<q && str[p]==delimiter && str[q]==delimiter; ) {
-          --q; ++p; if (!is_iterative) break;
-        } else {
-        for (p = 0; p<l && str[p]==delimiter; ) { ++p; if (!is_iterative) break; }
-        for (q = l-1; q>p && str[q]==delimiter; ) { --q; if (!is_iterative) break; }
-      }
-      const int n = q - p + 1;
-      if (n!=l) { std::memmove(str,str+p,n); str[n] = 0; return true; }
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    //! Replace escape sequences in C-strings by their binary ascii values.
-    /**
-       \param[in,out] str C-string to work with (modified at output).
-     **/
-    inline void strunescape(char *const str) {
-#define cimg_strunescape(ci,co) case ci: *nd = co; ++ns; break;
-      unsigned int val = 0;
-      for (char *ns = str, *nd = str; *ns || (bool)(*nd=0); ++nd) if (*ns=='\\') switch (*(++ns)) {
-            cimg_strunescape('n','\n');
-            cimg_strunescape('t','\t');
-            cimg_strunescape('v','\v');
-            cimg_strunescape('b','\b');
-            cimg_strunescape('r','\r');
-            cimg_strunescape('f','\f');
-            cimg_strunescape('a','\a');
-            cimg_strunescape('\\','\\');
-            cimg_strunescape('\?','\?');
-            cimg_strunescape('\'','\'');
-            cimg_strunescape('\"','\"');
-          case 0 : *nd = 0; break;
-          case '0' : case '1' : case '2' : case '3' : case '4' : case '5' : case '6' : case '7' :
-            std::sscanf(ns,"%o",&val); while (*ns>='0' && *ns<='7') ++ns;
-            *nd = val; break;
-          case 'x':
-            std::sscanf(++ns,"%x",&val);
-            while ((*ns>='0' && *ns<='7') || (*ns>='a' && *ns<='f') || (*ns>='A' && *ns<='F')) ++ns;
-            *nd = val; break;
-          default : *nd = *(ns++);
-          } else *nd = *(ns++);
-    }
-
-    // Return a temporary string describing the size of a memory buffer.
-    inline const char *strbuffersize(const unsigned long size) {
-      static char res[256] = { 0 };
-      cimg::mutex(5);
-      if (size<1024LU) cimg_snprintf(res,sizeof(res),"%lu byte%s",size,size>1?"s":"");
-      else if (size<1024*1024LU) { const float nsize = size/1024.0f; cimg_snprintf(res,sizeof(res),"%.1f Kio",nsize); }
-      else if (size<1024*1024*1024LU) {
-        const float nsize = size/(1024*1024.0f); cimg_snprintf(res,sizeof(res),"%.1f Mio",nsize);
-      } else { const float nsize = size/(1024*1024*1024.0f); cimg_snprintf(res,sizeof(res),"%.1f Gio",nsize); }
-      cimg::mutex(5,0);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    // Return string that identifies the running OS.
-    inline const char *stros() {
-#if defined(linux) || defined(__linux) || defined(__linux__)
-      const char *const str = "Linux";
-#elif defined(sun) || defined(__sun)
-      const char *const str = "Sun OS";
-#elif defined(BSD) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined (__DragonFly__)
-      const char *const str = "BSD";
-#elif defined(sgi) || defined(__sgi)
-      const char *const str = "Irix";
-#elif defined(__MACOSX__) || defined(__APPLE__)
-      const char *const str = "Mac OS";
-#elif defined(unix) || defined(__unix) || defined(__unix__)
-      const char *const str = "Generic Unix";
-#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(WIN32)  || defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) || \
-  defined(WIN64) || defined(_WIN64) || defined(__WIN64__)
-      const char *const str = "Windows";
-#else
-      const char
-        *const _str1 = std::getenv("OSTYPE"),
-        *const _str2 = _str1?_str1:std::getenv("OS"),
-        *const str = _str2?_str2:"Unknown OS";
-#endif
-      return str;
-    }
-
-    //! Return the basename of a filename.
-    inline const char* basename(const char *const str)  {
-      const char *p = 0;
-      for (const char *np = str; np>=str && (p=np); np = std::strchr(np,cimg_file_separator)+1) {}
-      return p;
-    }
-
-    // Return a random filename.
-    inline const char* filenamerand() {
-      cimg::mutex(6);
-      static char randomid[9] = { 0 };
-      cimg::srand();
-      for (unsigned int k = 0; k<8; ++k) {
-        const int v = (int)std::rand()%3;
-        randomid[k] = (char)(v==0?('0'+(std::rand()%10)):(v==1?('a'+(std::rand()%26)):('A'+(std::rand()%26))));
-      }
-      cimg::mutex(6,0);
-      return randomid;
-    }
-
-    // Convert filename as a Windows-style filename (short path name).
-    inline void winformat_string(char *const str) {
-      if (str && *str) {
-#if cimg_OS==2
-        char *const nstr = new char[MAX_PATH];
-        if (GetShortPathNameA(str,nstr,MAX_PATH)) std::strcpy(str,nstr);
-#endif
-      }
-    }
-
-    //! Open a file.
-    /**
-       \param path Path of the filename to open.
-       \param mode C-string describing the opening mode.
-       \return Opened file.
-       \note Same as <tt>std::fopen()</tt> but throw a \c CImgIOException when
-       the specified file cannot be opened, instead of returning \c 0.
-    **/
-    inline std::FILE *fopen(const char *const path, const char *const mode) {
-      if (!path)
-        throw CImgArgumentException("cimg::fopen(): Specified file path is (null).");
-      if (!mode)
-        throw CImgArgumentException("cimg::fopen(): File '%s', specified mode is (null).",
-                                    path);
-      std::FILE *res = 0;
-      if (*path=='-' && (!path[1] || path[1]=='.')) {
-        res = (*mode=='r')?stdin:stdout;
-#if cimg_OS==2
-        if (*mode && mode[1]=='b') { // Force stdin/stdout to be in binary mode.
-          if (_setmode(_fileno(res),0x8000)==-1) res = 0;
-        }
-#endif
-      } else res = std::fopen(path,mode);
-      if (!res) throw CImgIOException("cimg::fopen(): Failed to open file '%s' with mode '%s'.",
-                                      path,mode);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Close a file.
-    /**
-       \param file File to close.
-       \return \c 0 if file has been closed properly, something else otherwise.
-       \note Same as <tt>std::fclose()</tt> but display a warning message if
-       the file has not been closed properly.
-    **/
-    inline int fclose(std::FILE *file) {
-      if (!file) warn("cimg::fclose(): Specified file is (null).");
-      if (!file || file==stdin || file==stdout) return 0;
-      const int errn = std::fclose(file);
-      if (errn!=0) warn("cimg::fclose(): Error code %d returned during file closing.",
-                        errn);
-      return errn;
-    }
-
-    //! Check if a path is a directory
-    /**
-       \param path Specified path to test.
-    **/
-    inline bool is_directory(const char *const path) {
-      if (!path || !*path) return false;
-#if cimg_OS==1
-      struct stat st_buf;
-      if (!stat(path,&st_buf) && S_ISDIR(st_buf.st_mode)) return true;
-#elif cimg_OS==2
-      if (GetFileAttributes(path)&16) return true;
-#endif
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    //! Get/set path to store temporary files.
-    /**
-       \param user_path Specified path, or \c 0 to get the path currently used.
-       \param reinit_path Force path to be recalculated (may take some time).
-       \return Path where temporary files can be saved.
-    **/
-    inline const char* temporary_path(const char *const user_path=0, const bool reinit_path=false) {
-#define _cimg_test_temporary_path(p) \
-      if (!path_found) { \
-        cimg_snprintf(s_path,1024,"%s",p); \
-        cimg_snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"%s%c%s",s_path,cimg_file_separator,filetmp); \
-        if ((file=std::fopen(tmp,"wb"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); std::remove(tmp); path_found = true; } \
-      }
-      static char *s_path = 0;
-      cimg::mutex(7);
-      if (reinit_path) { delete[] s_path; s_path = 0; }
-      if (user_path) {
-        if (!s_path) s_path = new char[1024];
-        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
-        std::strncpy(s_path,user_path,1023);
-      } else if (!s_path) {
-        s_path = new char[1024];
-        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
-        bool path_found = false;
-        char tmp[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 };
-        std::FILE *file = 0;
-        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s.tmp",cimg::filenamerand());
-        char *tmpPath = std::getenv("TMP");
-        if (!tmpPath) { tmpPath = std::getenv("TEMP"); winformat_string(tmpPath); }
-        if (tmpPath) _cimg_test_temporary_path(tmpPath);
-#if cimg_OS==2
-        _cimg_test_temporary_path("C:\\WINNT\\Temp");
-        _cimg_test_temporary_path("C:\\WINDOWS\\Temp");
-        _cimg_test_temporary_path("C:\\Temp");
-        _cimg_test_temporary_path("C:");
-        _cimg_test_temporary_path("D:\\WINNT\\Temp");
-        _cimg_test_temporary_path("D:\\WINDOWS\\Temp");
-        _cimg_test_temporary_path("D:\\Temp");
-        _cimg_test_temporary_path("D:");
-#else
-        _cimg_test_temporary_path("/tmp");
-        _cimg_test_temporary_path("/var/tmp");
-#endif
-        if (!path_found) {
-          *s_path = 0;
-          std::strncpy(tmp,filetmp,sizeof(tmp)-1);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(tmp,"wb"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); std::remove(tmp); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        if (!path_found) {
-          cimg::mutex(7,0);
-          throw CImgIOException("cimg::temporary_path(): Failed to locate path for writing temporary files.\n");
-        }
-      }
-      cimg::mutex(7,0);
-      return s_path;
-    }
-
-    //! Get/set path to the <i>Program Files/</i> directory (Windows only).
-    /**
-       \param user_path Specified path, or \c 0 to get the path currently used.
-       \param reinit_path Force path to be recalculated (may take some time).
-       \return Path containing the program files.
-    **/
-#if cimg_OS==2
-    inline const char* programfiles_path(const char *const user_path=0, const bool reinit_path=false) {
-      static char *s_path = 0;
-      cimg::mutex(7);
-      if (reinit_path) { delete[] s_path; s_path = 0; }
-      if (user_path) {
-        if (!s_path) s_path = new char[1024];
-        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
-        std::strncpy(s_path,user_path,1023);
-      } else if (!s_path) {
-        s_path = new char[MAX_PATH];
-        std::memset(s_path,0,MAX_PATH);
-        // Note: in the following line, 0x26 = CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES (not defined on every compiler).
-#if !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
-        if (!SHGetSpecialFolderPathA(0,s_path,0x0026,false)) {
-          const char *const pfPath = std::getenv("PROGRAMFILES");
-          if (pfPath) std::strncpy(s_path,pfPath,MAX_PATH-1);
-          else std::strcpy(s_path,"C:\\PROGRA~1");
-        }
-#else
-        std::strcpy(s_path,"C:\\PROGRA~1");
-#endif
-      }
-      cimg::mutex(7,0);
-      return s_path;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    //! Get/set path to the ImageMagick's \c convert binary.
-    /**
-       \param user_path Specified path, or \c 0 to get the path currently used.
-       \param reinit_path Force path to be recalculated (may take some time).
-       \return Path containing the \c convert binary.
-    **/
-    inline const char* imagemagick_path(const char *const user_path=0, const bool reinit_path=false) {
-      static char *s_path = 0;
-      cimg::mutex(7);
-      if (reinit_path) { delete[] s_path; s_path = 0; }
-      if (user_path) {
-        if (!s_path) s_path = new char[1024];
-        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
-        std::strncpy(s_path,user_path,1023);
-      } else if (!s_path) {
-        s_path = new char[1024];
-        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
-        bool path_found = false;
-        std::FILE *file = 0;
-#if cimg_OS==2
-        const char *const pf_path = programfiles_path();
-        if (!path_found) {
-          std::strcpy(s_path,".\\convert.exe");
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\IMAGEM~1.%.2d-\\convert.exe",pf_path,k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\IMAGEM~1.%d-Q\\convert.exe",pf_path,k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\IMAGEM~1.%d\\convert.exe",pf_path,k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\IMAGEM~1.%.2d-\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\convert.exe",pf_path,k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\IMAGEM~1.%d-Q\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\convert.exe",pf_path,k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\IMAGEM~1.%d\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\convert.exe",pf_path,k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\IMAGEM~1.%.2d-\\convert.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\IMAGEM~1.%d-Q\\convert.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\IMAGEM~1.%d\\convert.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\IMAGEM~1.%.2d-\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\convert.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\IMAGEM~1.%d-Q\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\convert.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\IMAGEM~1.%d\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\convert.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\IMAGEM~1.%.2d-\\convert.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\IMAGEM~1.%d-Q\\convert.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\IMAGEM~1.%d\\convert.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\IMAGEM~1.%.2d-\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\convert.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\IMAGEM~1.%d-Q\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\convert.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\IMAGEM~1.%d\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\convert.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"convert.exe");
-#else
-        if (!path_found) {
-          std::strcpy(s_path,"./convert");
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"convert");
-#endif
-        winformat_string(s_path);
-      }
-      cimg::mutex(7,0);
-      return s_path;
-    }
-
-    //! Get/set path to the GraphicsMagick's \c gm binary.
-    /**
-       \param user_path Specified path, or \c 0 to get the path currently used.
-       \param reinit_path Force path to be recalculated (may take some time).
-       \return Path containing the \c gm binary.
-    **/
-    inline const char* graphicsmagick_path(const char *const user_path=0, const bool reinit_path=false) {
-      static char *s_path = 0;
-      cimg::mutex(7);
-      if (reinit_path) { delete[] s_path; s_path = 0; }
-      if (user_path) {
-        if (!s_path) s_path = new char[1024];
-        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
-        std::strncpy(s_path,user_path,1023);
-      } else if (!s_path) {
-        s_path = new char[1024];
-        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
-        bool path_found = false;
-        std::FILE *file = 0;
-#if cimg_OS==2
-        const char *const pf_path = programfiles_path();
-        if (!path_found) {
-          std::strcpy(s_path,".\\gm.exe");
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\GRAPHI~1.%.2d-\\gm.exe",pf_path,k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\GRAPHI~1.%d-Q\\gm.exe",pf_path,k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\GRAPHI~1.%d\\gm.exe",pf_path,k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\GRAPHI~1.%.2d-\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\gm.exe",pf_path,k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\GRAPHI~1.%d-Q\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\gm.exe",pf_path,k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\GRAPHI~1.%d\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\gm.exe",pf_path,k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\GRAPHI~1.%.2d-\\gm.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\GRAPHI~1.%d-Q\\gm.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\GRAPHI~1.%d\\gm.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\GRAPHI~1.%.2d-\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\gm.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\GRAPHI~1.%d-Q\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\gm.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\GRAPHI~1.%d\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\gm.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\GRAPHI~1.%.2d-\\gm.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\GRAPHI~1.%d-Q\\gm.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\GRAPHI~1.%d\\gm.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\GRAPHI~1.%.2d-\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\gm.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\GRAPHI~1.%d-Q\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\gm.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\GRAPHI~1.%d\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\gm.exe",k);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"gm.exe");
-#else
-        if (!path_found) {
-          std::strcpy(s_path,"./gm");
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"gm");
-#endif
-        winformat_string(s_path);
-      }
-      cimg::mutex(7,0);
-      return s_path;
-    }
-
-    //! Get/set path to the XMedcon's \c medcon binary.
-    /**
-       \param user_path Specified path, or \c 0 to get the path currently used.
-       \param reinit_path Force path to be recalculated (may take some time).
-       \return Path containing the \c medcon binary.
-    **/
-    inline const char* medcon_path(const char *const user_path=0, const bool reinit_path=false) {
-      static char *s_path = 0;
-      cimg::mutex(7);
-      if (reinit_path) { delete[] s_path; s_path = 0; }
-      if (user_path) {
-        if (!s_path) s_path = new char[1024];
-        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
-        std::strncpy(s_path,user_path,1023);
-      } else if (!s_path) {
-        s_path = new char[1024];
-        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
-        bool path_found = false;
-        std::FILE *file = 0;
-#if cimg_OS==2
-        const char *const pf_path = programfiles_path();
-        if (!path_found) {
-          std::strcpy(s_path,".\\medcon.exe");
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        if (!path_found) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\XMedCon\\bin\\medcon.bat",pf_path);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        if (!path_found) {
-          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\XMedCon\\bin\\medcon.exe",pf_path);
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        if (!path_found) {
-          std::strcpy(s_path,"C:\\XMedCon\\bin\\medcon.exe");
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"medcon.exe");
-#else
-        if (!path_found) {
-          std::strcpy(s_path,"./medcon");
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"medcon");
-#endif
-        winformat_string(s_path);
-      }
-      cimg::mutex(7,0);
-      return s_path;
-    }
-
-    //! Get/set path to the FFMPEG's \c ffmpeg binary.
-    /**
-       \param user_path Specified path, or \c 0 to get the path currently used.
-       \param reinit_path Force path to be recalculated (may take some time).
-       \return Path containing the \c ffmpeg binary.
-    **/
-    inline const char *ffmpeg_path(const char *const user_path=0, const bool reinit_path=false) {
-      static char *s_path = 0;
-      cimg::mutex(7);
-      if (reinit_path) { delete[] s_path; s_path = 0; }
-      if (user_path) {
-        if (!s_path) s_path = new char[1024];
-        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
-        std::strncpy(s_path,user_path,1023);
-      } else if (!s_path) {
-        s_path = new char[1024];
-        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
-        bool path_found = false;
-        std::FILE *file = 0;
-#if cimg_OS==2
-        if (!path_found) {
-          std::strcpy(s_path,".\\ffmpeg.exe");
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"ffmpeg.exe");
-#else
-        if (!path_found) {
-          std::strcpy(s_path,"./ffmpeg");
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"ffmpeg");
-#endif
-        winformat_string(s_path);
-      }
-      cimg::mutex(7,0);
-      return s_path;
-    }
-
-    //! Get/set path to the \c gzip binary.
-    /**
-       \param user_path Specified path, or \c 0 to get the path currently used.
-       \param reinit_path Force path to be recalculated (may take some time).
-       \return Path containing the \c gzip binary.
-    **/
-    inline const char *gzip_path(const char *const user_path=0, const bool reinit_path=false) {
-      static char *s_path = 0;
-      cimg::mutex(7);
-      if (reinit_path) { delete[] s_path; s_path = 0; }
-      if (user_path) {
-        if (!s_path) s_path = new char[1024];
-        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
-        std::strncpy(s_path,user_path,1023);
-      } else if (!s_path) {
-        s_path = new char[1024];
-        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
-        bool path_found = false;
-        std::FILE *file = 0;
-#if cimg_OS==2
-        if (!path_found) {
-          std::strcpy(s_path,".\\gzip.exe");
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"gzip.exe");
-#else
-        if (!path_found) {
-          std::strcpy(s_path,"./gzip");
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"gzip");
-#endif
-        winformat_string(s_path);
-      }
-      cimg::mutex(7,0);
-      return s_path;
-    }
-
-    //! Get/set path to the \c gzip binary.
-    /**
-       \param user_path Specified path, or \c 0 to get the path currently used.
-       \param reinit_path Force path to be recalculated (may take some time).
-       \return Path containing the \c gunzip binary.
-    **/
-    inline const char *gunzip_path(const char *const user_path=0, const bool reinit_path=false) {
-      static char *s_path = 0;
-      cimg::mutex(7);
-      if (reinit_path) { delete[] s_path; s_path = 0; }
-      if (user_path) {
-        if (!s_path) s_path = new char[1024];
-        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
-        std::strncpy(s_path,user_path,1023);
-      } else if (!s_path) {
-        s_path = new char[1024];
-        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
-        bool path_found = false;
-        std::FILE *file = 0;
-#if cimg_OS==2
-        if (!path_found) {
-          std::strcpy(s_path,".\\gunzip.exe");
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"gunzip.exe");
-#else
-        if (!path_found) {
-          std::strcpy(s_path,"./gunzip");
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"gunzip");
-#endif
-        winformat_string(s_path);
-      }
-      cimg::mutex(7,0);
-      return s_path;
-    }
-
-    //! Get/set path to the \c dcraw binary.
-    /**
-       \param user_path Specified path, or \c 0 to get the path currently used.
-       \param reinit_path Force path to be recalculated (may take some time).
-       \return Path containing the \c dcraw binary.
-    **/
-    inline const char *dcraw_path(const char *const user_path=0, const bool reinit_path=false) {
-      static char *s_path = 0;
-      cimg::mutex(7);
-      if (reinit_path) { delete[] s_path; s_path = 0; }
-      if (user_path) {
-        if (!s_path) s_path = new char[1024];
-        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
-        std::strncpy(s_path,user_path,1023);
-      } else if (!s_path) {
-        s_path = new char[1024];
-        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
-        bool path_found = false;
-        std::FILE *file = 0;
-#if cimg_OS==2
-        if (!path_found) {
-          std::strcpy(s_path,".\\dcraw.exe");
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"dcraw.exe");
-#else
-        if (!path_found) {
-          std::strcpy(s_path,"./dcraw");
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"dcraw");
-#endif
-        winformat_string(s_path);
-      }
-      cimg::mutex(7,0);
-      return s_path;
-    }
-
-    //! Get/set path to the \c wget binary.
-    /**
-       \param user_path Specified path, or \c 0 to get the path currently used.
-       \param reinit_path Force path to be recalculated (may take some time).
-       \return Path containing the \c wget binary.
-    **/
-    inline const char *wget_path(const char *const user_path=0, const bool reinit_path=false) {
-      static char *s_path = 0;
-      cimg::mutex(7);
-      if (reinit_path) { delete[] s_path; s_path = 0; }
-      if (user_path) {
-        if (!s_path) s_path = new char[1024];
-        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
-        std::strncpy(s_path,user_path,1023);
-      } else if (!s_path) {
-        s_path = new char[1024];
-        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
-        bool path_found = false;
-        std::FILE *file = 0;
-#if cimg_OS==2
-        if (!path_found) {
-          std::strcpy(s_path,".\\wget.exe");
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"wget.exe");
-#else
-        if (!path_found) {
-          std::strcpy(s_path,"./wget");
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"wget");
-#endif
-        winformat_string(s_path);
-      }
-      cimg::mutex(7,0);
-      return s_path;
-    }
-
-    //! Get/set path to the \c curl binary.
-    /**
-       \param user_path Specified path, or \c 0 to get the path currently used.
-       \param reinit_path Force path to be recalculated (may take some time).
-       \return Path containing the \c curl binary.
-    **/
-    inline const char *curl_path(const char *const user_path=0, const bool reinit_path=false) {
-      static char *s_path = 0;
-      cimg::mutex(7);
-      if (reinit_path) { delete[] s_path; s_path = 0; }
-      if (user_path) {
-        if (!s_path) s_path = new char[1024];
-        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
-        std::strncpy(s_path,user_path,1023);
-      } else if (!s_path) {
-        s_path = new char[1024];
-        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
-        bool path_found = false;
-        std::FILE *file = 0;
-#if cimg_OS==2
-        if (!path_found) {
-          std::strcpy(s_path,".\\curl.exe");
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"curl.exe");
-#else
-        if (!path_found) {
-          std::strcpy(s_path,"./curl");
-          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
-        }
-        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"curl");
-#endif
-        winformat_string(s_path);
-      }
-      cimg::mutex(7,0);
-      return s_path;
-    }
-
-    //! Split filename into two C-strings \c body and \c extension.
-    inline const char *split_filename(const char *const filename, char *const body=0) {
-      if (!filename) { if (body) *body = 0; return 0; }
-      const char *p = 0; for (const char *np = filename; np>=filename && (p=np); np = std::strchr(np,'.')+1) {}
-      if (p==filename) {
-        if (body) std::strcpy(body,filename);
-        return filename + std::strlen(filename);
-      }
-      const unsigned int l = (unsigned int)(p - filename - 1);
-      if (body) { std::memcpy(body,filename,l); body[l] = 0; }
-      return p;
-    }
-
-    //! Generate a numbered version of a filename.
-    inline char* number_filename(const char *const filename, const int number,
-                                 const unsigned int digits, char *const str) {
-      if (!filename) { if (str) *str = 0; return 0; }
-      char format[1024] = { 0 }, body[1024] = { 0 };
-      const char *const ext = cimg::split_filename(filename,body);
-      if (*ext) cimg_snprintf(format,sizeof(format),"%%s_%%.%ud.%%s",digits);
-      else cimg_snprintf(format,sizeof(format),"%%s_%%.%ud",digits);
-      std::sprintf(str,format,body,number,ext);
-      return str;
-    }
-
-    //! Try to guess format from an image file.
-    /**
-       \param file Input file (can be \c 0 if \c filename is set).
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string (can be \c 0 if \c file is set).
-       \return C-string containing the guessed file format, or \c 0 if nothing has been guessed.
-     **/
-    inline const char *file_type(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException("cimg::file_type(): Specified filename is (null).");
-      static const char
-        *const _pnm = "pnm",
-        *const _pfm = "pfm",
-        *const _bmp = "bmp",
-        *const _gif = "gif",
-        *const _jpg = "jpg",
-        *const _off = "off",
-        *const _pan = "pan",
-        *const _png = "png",
-        *const _tif = "tif",
-        *const _inr = "inr",
-        *const _dcm = "dcm";
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
-      const char *f_type = 0, *head;
-      char header[2048] = { 0 }, item[1024] = { 0 };
-      const unsigned char *const uheader = (unsigned char*)header;
-      int err; char cerr;
-      const unsigned int siz = (unsigned int)std::fread(header,2048,1,nfile);   // Read first 2048 bytes.
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-
-      if (!std::strncmp(header,"OFF\n",4)) f_type = _off; // OFF.
-      else if (!std::strncmp(header,"#INRIMAGE",9)) f_type = _inr; // INRIMAGE.
-      else if (!std::strncmp(header,"PANDORE",7)) f_type = _pan; // PANDORE.
-      else if (!std::strncmp(header+128,"DICM",4)) f_type = _dcm; // DICOM.
-      else if (uheader[0]==0xFF && uheader[1]==0xD8 && uheader[2]==0xFF) f_type = _jpg;  // JPEG.
-      else if (header[0]=='B' && header[1]=='M') f_type = _bmp;  // BMP.
-      else if (header[0]=='G' && header[1]=='I' && header[2]=='F' && header[3]=='8' && header[5]=='a' && // GIF.
-               (header[4]=='7' || header[4]=='9')) f_type = _gif;
-      else if (uheader[0]==0x89 && uheader[1]==0x50 && uheader[2]==0x4E && uheader[3]==0x47 &&  // PNG.
-               uheader[4]==0x0D && uheader[5]==0x0A && uheader[6]==0x1A && uheader[7]==0x0A) f_type = _png;
-      else if ((uheader[0]==0x49 && uheader[1]==0x49) || (uheader[0]==0x4D && uheader[1]==0x4D)) f_type = _tif; // TIFF.
-      else { // PNM or PFM.
-        head = header;
-        while (head<header+siz && (err=std::sscanf(head,"%1023[^\n]",item))!=EOF && (*item=='#' || !err))
-          head+=1+(err?std::strlen(item):0);
-        if (std::sscanf(item," P%d",&err)==1) f_type = _pnm;
-        else if (std::sscanf(item," P%c",&cerr)==1 && (cerr=='f' || cerr=='F')) f_type = _pfm;
-      }
-      return f_type;
-    }
-
-    //! Read data from file.
-    /**
-       \param[out] ptr Pointer to memory buffer that will contain the binary data read from file.
-       \param nmemb Number of elements to read.
-       \param stream File to read data from.
-       \return Number of read elements.
-       \note Same as <tt>std::fread()</tt> but may display warning message if all elements could not be read.
-    **/
-    template<typename T>
-    inline int fread(T *const ptr, const unsigned long nmemb, std::FILE *stream) {
-      if (!ptr || nmemb<=0 || !stream)
-        throw CImgArgumentException("cimg::fread(): Invalid reading request of %u %s%s from file %p to buffer %p.",
-                                    nmemb,cimg::type<T>::string(),nmemb>1?"s":"",stream,ptr);
-
-      const unsigned long wlimitT = 63*1024*1024, wlimit = wlimitT/sizeof(T);
-      unsigned long to_read = nmemb, al_read = 0, l_to_read = 0, l_al_read = 0;
-      do {
-        l_to_read = (to_read*sizeof(T))<wlimitT?to_read:wlimit;
-        l_al_read = (unsigned long)std::fread((void*)(ptr+al_read),sizeof(T),l_to_read,stream);
-        al_read+=l_al_read;
-        to_read-=l_al_read;
-      } while (l_to_read==l_al_read && to_read>0);
-      if (to_read>0)
-        warn("cimg::fread(): Only %u/%u elements could be read from file.",
-             al_read,nmemb);
-      return al_read;
-    }
-
-    //! Write data to file.
-    /**
-       \param ptr Pointer to memory buffer containing the binary data to write on file.
-       \param nmemb Number of elements to write.
-       \param[out] stream File to write data on.
-       \return Number of written elements.
-       \note Similar to <tt>std::fwrite</tt> but may display warning messages if all elements could not be written.
-    **/
-    template<typename T>
-    inline int fwrite(const T *ptr, const unsigned long nmemb, std::FILE *stream) {
-      if (!ptr || !stream)
-        throw CImgArgumentException("cimg::fwrite(): Invalid writing request of %u %s%s from buffer %p to file %p.",
-                                    nmemb,cimg::type<T>::string(),nmemb>1?"s":"",ptr,stream);
-      if (nmemb<=0) return 0;
-      const unsigned long wlimitT = 63*1024*1024, wlimit = wlimitT/sizeof(T);
-      unsigned long to_write = nmemb, al_write = 0, l_to_write = 0, l_al_write = 0;
-      do {
-        l_to_write = (to_write*sizeof(T))<wlimitT?to_write:wlimit;
-        l_al_write = (unsigned long)std::fwrite((void*)(ptr+al_write),sizeof(T),l_to_write,stream);
-        al_write+=l_al_write;
-        to_write-=l_al_write;
-      } while (l_to_write==l_al_write && to_write>0);
-      if (to_write>0)
-        warn("cimg::fwrite(): Only %u/%u elements could be written in file.",
-             al_write,nmemb);
-      return al_write;
-    }
-
-    //! Create an empty file.
-    /**
-       \param file Input file (can be \c 0 if \c filename is set).
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string (can be \c 0 if \c file is set).
-    **/
-    inline void fempty(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException("cimg::file_type(): Specified filename is (null).");
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-    }
-
-    //! Load file from network as a local temporary file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \param[out] filename_local C-string containing the path to a local copy of \c filename.
-       \return Value of \c filename_local.
-       \note Use external binaries \c wget or \c curl to perform. You must have one of these tools installed
-       to be able to use this function.
-    **/
-    inline char *load_network_external(const char *const filename, char *const filename_local) {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException("cimg::load_network_external(): Specified filename is (null).");
-      if (!filename_local)
-        throw CImgArgumentException("cimg::load_network_external(): Specified destination string is (null).");
-      const char *const _ext = cimg::split_filename(filename), *const ext = (*_ext && _ext>filename)?_ext-1:_ext;
-      char command[1024] = { 0 };
-      std::FILE *file = 0;
-      *filename_local = 0;
-      do {
-        cimg_snprintf(filename_local,512,"%s%c%s%s",
-                      cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand(),ext);
-        if ((file=std::fopen(filename_local,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-      } while (file);
-
-      // Try with 'curl' first.
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -f --silent --compressed -o \"%s\" \"%s\"",
-                    cimg::curl_path(),filename_local,filename);
-      cimg::system(command);
-      if (!(file = std::fopen(filename_local,"rb"))) {
-
-        // Try with 'wget' else.
-        cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -q -r -l 0 --no-cache -O \"%s\" \"%s\"",
-                      cimg::wget_path(),filename_local,filename);
-        cimg::system(command);
-        if (!(file = std::fopen(filename_local,"rb")))
-          throw CImgIOException("cimg::load_network_external(): Failed to load file '%s' with external commands "
-                                "'wget' or 'curl'.",filename);
-        cimg::fclose(file);
-
-        // Try gunzip it.
-        cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s.gz",filename_local);
-        std::rename(filename_local,command);
-        cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s --quiet \"%s.gz\"",
-                      gunzip_path(),filename_local);
-        cimg::system(command);
-        file = std::fopen(filename_local,"rb");
-        if (!file) {
-          cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s.gz",filename_local);
-          std::rename(command,filename_local);
-          file = std::fopen(filename_local,"rb");
-        }
-      }
-      std::fseek(file,0,SEEK_END); // Check if file size is 0.
-      if (std::ftell(file)<=0)
-        throw CImgIOException("cimg::load_network_external(): Failed to load file '%s' with external commands "
-                              "'wget' or 'curl'.",filename);
-      cimg::fclose(file);
-      return filename_local;
-    }
-
-    //! Return options specified on the command line.
-    inline const char* option(const char *const name, const int argc, const char *const *const argv,
-                              const char *const defaut, const char *const usage, const bool reset_static) {
-      static bool first = true, visu = false;
-      if (reset_static) { first = true; return 0; }
-      const char *res = 0;
-      if (first) {
-        first = false;
-        visu = cimg::option("-h",argc,argv,(char*)0,(char*)0,false)!=0;
-        visu |= cimg::option("-help",argc,argv,(char*)0,(char*)0,false)!=0;
-        visu |= cimg::option("--help",argc,argv,(char*)0,(char*)0,false)!=0;
-      }
-      if (!name && visu) {
-        if (usage) {
-          std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"\n %s%s%s",cimg::t_red,cimg::basename(argv[0]),cimg::t_normal);
-          std::fprintf(cimg::output(),": %s",usage);
-          std::fprintf(cimg::output()," (%s, %s)\n\n",__DATE__,__TIME__);
-        }
-        if (defaut) std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"%s\n",defaut);
-      }
-      if (name) {
-        if (argc>0) {
-          int k = 0;
-          while (k<argc && std::strcmp(argv[k],name)) ++k;
-          res = (k++==argc?defaut:(k==argc?argv[--k]:argv[k]));
-        } else res = defaut;
-        if (visu && usage) std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"    %s%-16s%s %-24s %s%s%s\n",
-                                        cimg::t_bold,name,cimg::t_normal,res?res:"0",
-                                        cimg::t_green,usage,cimg::t_normal);
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    inline const char* option(const char *const name, const int argc, const char *const *const argv,
-                              const char *const defaut, const char *const usage=0) {
-      return option(name,argc,argv,defaut,usage,false);
-    }
-
-    inline bool option(const char *const name, const int argc, const char *const *const argv,
-                       const bool defaut, const char *const usage=0) {
-      const char *const s = cimg::option(name,argc,argv,(char*)0);
-      const bool res = s?(cimg::strcasecmp(s,"false") && cimg::strcasecmp(s,"off") && cimg::strcasecmp(s,"0")):defaut;
-      cimg::option(name,0,0,res?"true":"false",usage);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    inline int option(const char *const name, const int argc, const char *const *const argv,
-                      const int defaut, const char *const usage=0) {
-      const char *const s = cimg::option(name,argc,argv,(char*)0);
-      const int res = s?std::atoi(s):defaut;
-      char tmp[256] = { 0 };
-      cimg_snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"%d",res);
-      cimg::option(name,0,0,tmp,usage);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    inline char option(const char *const name, const int argc, const char *const *const argv,
-                       const char defaut, const char *const usage=0) {
-      const char *const s = cimg::option(name,argc,argv,(char*)0);
-      const char res = s?*s:defaut;
-      char tmp[8] = { 0 };
-      *tmp = res;
-      cimg::option(name,0,0,tmp,usage);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    inline float option(const char *const name, const int argc, const char *const *const argv,
-                        const float defaut, const char *const usage=0) {
-      const char *const s = cimg::option(name,argc,argv,(char*)0);
-      const float res = s?(float)cimg::atof(s):defaut;
-      char tmp[256] = { 0 };
-      cimg_snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"%g",res);
-      cimg::option(name,0,0,tmp,usage);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    inline double option(const char *const name, const int argc, const char *const *const argv,
-                         const double defaut, const char *const usage=0) {
-      const char *const s = cimg::option(name,argc,argv,(char*)0);
-      const double res = s?cimg::atof(s):defaut;
-      char tmp[256] = { 0 };
-      cimg_snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"%g",res);
-      cimg::option(name,0,0,tmp,usage);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    inline const char* argument(const unsigned int nb, const int argc, const char *const *const argv,
-                                const unsigned int nb_singles=0, ...) {
-      for (int k = 1, pos = 0; k<argc;) {
-        const char *const item = argv[k];
-        bool option = (*item=='-'), single_option = false;
-        if (option) {
-          va_list ap;
-          va_start(ap,nb_singles);
-          for (unsigned int i = 0; i<nb_singles; ++i) if (!cimg::strcasecmp(item,va_arg(ap,char*))) {
-              single_option = true; break;
-            }
-          va_end(ap);
-        }
-        if (option) { ++k; if (!single_option) ++k; }
-        else { if (pos++==(int)nb) return item; else ++k; }
-      }
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-    //! Print informations about \CImg environement variables.
-    /**
-       \note Output is done on the default output stream.
-    **/
-    inline void info() {
-      char tmp[1024] = { 0 };
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"\n %s%sCImg Library %u.%u.%u%s, compiled %s ( %s ) with the following flags:\n\n",
-                   cimg::t_red,cimg::t_bold,cimg_version/100,(cimg_version/10)%10,cimg_version%10,
-                   cimg::t_normal,__DATE__,__TIME__);
-
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Operating System:       %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_OS'=%d)%s\n",
-                   cimg::t_bold,
-                   cimg_OS==1?"Unix":(cimg_OS==2?"Windows":"Unknow"),
-                   cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,
-                   cimg_OS,
-                   cimg::t_normal);
-
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > CPU endianness:         %s%s Endian%s\n",
-                   cimg::t_bold,
-                   cimg::endianness()?"Big":"Little",
-                   cimg::t_normal);
-
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Verbosity mode:         %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_verbosity'=%d)%s\n",
-                   cimg::t_bold,
-                   cimg_verbosity==0?"Quiet":
-                   cimg_verbosity==1?"Console":
-                   cimg_verbosity==2?"Dialog":
-                   cimg_verbosity==3?"Console+Warnings":"Dialog+Warnings",
-                   cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,
-                   cimg_verbosity,
-                   cimg::t_normal);
-
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Stricts warnings:       %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_strict_warnings' %s)%s\n",
-                   cimg::t_bold,
-#ifdef cimg_strict_warnings
-                   "Yes",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"defined",
-#else
-                   "No",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"undefined",
-#endif
-                   cimg::t_normal);
-
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Using VT100 messages:   %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_use_vt100' %s)%s\n",
-                   cimg::t_bold,
-#ifdef cimg_use_vt100
-                   "Yes",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"defined",
-#else
-                   "No",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"undefined",
-#endif
-                   cimg::t_normal);
-
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Display type:           %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_display'=%d)%s\n",
-                   cimg::t_bold,
-                   cimg_display==0?"No display":cimg_display==1?"X11":cimg_display==2?"Windows GDI":"Unknown",
-                   cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,
-                   cimg_display,
-                   cimg::t_normal);
-
-#if cimg_display==1
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Using XShm for X11:     %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_use_xshm' %s)%s\n",
-                   cimg::t_bold,
-#ifdef cimg_use_xshm
-                   "Yes",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"defined",
-#else
-                   "No",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"undefined",
-#endif
-                   cimg::t_normal);
-
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Using XRand for X11:    %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_use_xrandr' %s)%s\n",
-                   cimg::t_bold,
-#ifdef cimg_use_xrandr
-                   "Yes",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"defined",
-#else
-                   "No",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"undefined",
-#endif
-                   cimg::t_normal);
-#endif
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Using OpenMP:           %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_use_openmp' %s)%s\n",
-                   cimg::t_bold,
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-                   "Yes",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"defined",
-#else
-                   "No",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"undefined",
-#endif
-                   cimg::t_normal);
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Using PNG library:      %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_use_png' %s)%s\n",
-                   cimg::t_bold,
-#ifdef cimg_use_png
-                   "Yes",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"defined",
-#else
-                   "No",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"undefined",
-#endif
-                   cimg::t_normal);
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Using JPEG library:     %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_use_jpeg' %s)%s\n",
-                   cimg::t_bold,
-#ifdef cimg_use_jpeg
-                   "Yes",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"defined",
-#else
-                   "No",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"undefined",
-#endif
-                   cimg::t_normal);
-
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Using TIFF library:     %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_use_tiff' %s)%s\n",
-                   cimg::t_bold,
-#ifdef cimg_use_tiff
-                   "Yes",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"defined",
-#else
-                   "No",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"undefined",
-#endif
-                   cimg::t_normal);
-
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Using Magick++ library: %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_use_magick' %s)%s\n",
-                   cimg::t_bold,
-#ifdef cimg_use_magick
-                   "Yes",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"defined",
-#else
-                   "No",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"undefined",
-#endif
-                   cimg::t_normal);
-
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Using FFTW3 library:    %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_use_fftw3' %s)%s\n",
-                   cimg::t_bold,
-#ifdef cimg_use_fftw3
-                   "Yes",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"defined",
-#else
-                   "No",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"undefined",
-#endif
-                   cimg::t_normal);
-
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Using LAPACK library:   %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_use_lapack' %s)%s\n",
-                   cimg::t_bold,
-#ifdef cimg_use_lapack
-                   "Yes",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"defined",
-#else
-                   "No",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"undefined",
-#endif
-                   cimg::t_normal);
-
-      cimg_snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"\"%.1020s\"",cimg::imagemagick_path());
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Path of ImageMagick:    %s%-13s%s\n",
-                   cimg::t_bold,
-                   tmp,
-                   cimg::t_normal);
-
-      cimg_snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"\"%.1020s\"",cimg::graphicsmagick_path());
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Path of GraphicsMagick: %s%-13s%s\n",
-                   cimg::t_bold,
-                   tmp,
-                   cimg::t_normal);
-
-      cimg_snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"\"%.1020s\"",cimg::medcon_path());
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Path of 'medcon':       %s%-13s%s\n",
-                   cimg::t_bold,
-                   tmp,
-                   cimg::t_normal);
-
-      cimg_snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"\"%.1020s\"",cimg::temporary_path());
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Temporary path:         %s%-13s%s\n",
-                   cimg::t_bold,
-                   tmp,
-                   cimg::t_normal);
-
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"\n");
-    }
-
-    // Declare LAPACK function signatures if LAPACK support is enabled.
-#ifdef cimg_use_lapack
-    template<typename T>
-    inline void getrf(int &N, T *lapA, int *IPIV, int &INFO) {
-      dgetrf_(&N,&N,lapA,&N,IPIV,&INFO);
-    }
-
-    inline void getrf(int &N, float *lapA, int *IPIV, int &INFO) {
-      sgetrf_(&N,&N,lapA,&N,IPIV,&INFO);
-    }
-
-    template<typename T>
-    inline void getri(int &N, T *lapA, int *IPIV, T* WORK, int &LWORK, int &INFO) {
-      dgetri_(&N,lapA,&N,IPIV,WORK,&LWORK,&INFO);
-    }
-
-    inline void getri(int &N, float *lapA, int *IPIV, float* WORK, int &LWORK, int &INFO) {
-      sgetri_(&N,lapA,&N,IPIV,WORK,&LWORK,&INFO);
-    }
-
-    template<typename T>
-    inline void gesvd(char &JOB, int &M, int &N, T *lapA, int &MN,
-                      T *lapS, T *lapU, T *lapV, T *WORK, int &LWORK, int &INFO) {
-      dgesvd_(&JOB,&JOB,&M,&N,lapA,&MN,lapS,lapU,&M,lapV,&N,WORK,&LWORK,&INFO);
-    }
-
-    inline void gesvd(char &JOB, int &M, int &N, float *lapA, int &MN,
-                      float *lapS, float *lapU, float *lapV, float *WORK, int &LWORK, int &INFO) {
-      sgesvd_(&JOB,&JOB,&M,&N,lapA,&MN,lapS,lapU,&M,lapV,&N,WORK,&LWORK,&INFO);
-    }
-
-    template<typename T>
-    inline void getrs(char &TRANS, int &N, T *lapA, int *IPIV, T *lapB, int &INFO) {
-      int one = 1;
-      dgetrs_(&TRANS,&N,&one,lapA,&N,IPIV,lapB,&N,&INFO);
-    }
-
-    inline void getrs(char &TRANS, int &N, float *lapA, int *IPIV, float *lapB, int &INFO) {
-      int one = 1;
-      sgetrs_(&TRANS,&N,&one,lapA,&N,IPIV,lapB,&N,&INFO);
-    }
-
-    template<typename T>
-    inline void syev(char &JOB, char &UPLO, int &N, T *lapA, T *lapW, T *WORK, int &LWORK, int &INFO) {
-      dsyev_(&JOB,&UPLO,&N,lapA,&N,lapW,WORK,&LWORK,&INFO);
-    }
-
-    inline void syev(char &JOB, char &UPLO, int &N, float *lapA, float *lapW, float *WORK, int &LWORK, int &INFO) {
-      ssyev_(&JOB,&UPLO,&N,lapA,&N,lapW,WORK,&LWORK,&INFO);
-    }
-
-    template<typename T>
-    inline void sgels(char & TRANS, int &M, int &N, int &NRHS, T* lapA, int &LDA,
-		      T* lapB, int &LDB, T* WORK, int &LWORK, int &INFO){
-      dgels_(&TRANS, &M, &N, &NRHS, lapA, &LDA, lapB, &LDB, WORK, &LWORK, &INFO);
-    }
-
-    inline void sgels(char & TRANS, int &M, int &N, int &NRHS, float* lapA, int &LDA,
-		      float* lapB, int &LDB, float* WORK, int &LWORK, int &INFO){
-      sgels_(&TRANS, &M, &N, &NRHS, lapA, &LDA, lapB, &LDB, WORK, &LWORK, &INFO);
-    }
-
-#endif
-
-    // End of the 'cimg' namespace
-  }
-
-  /*------------------------------------------------
-   #
-   #
-   #   Definition of mathematical operators and
-   #   external functions.
-   #
-   #
-   -------------------------------------------------*/
-
-#define _cimg_create_ext_operators(typ) \
-  template<typename T> \
-  inline CImg<typename cimg::superset<T,typ>::type> operator+(const typ val, const CImg<T>& img) { \
-    return img + val; \
-  } \
-  template<typename T> \
-  inline CImg<typename cimg::superset<T,typ>::type> operator-(const typ val, const CImg<T>& img) { \
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,typ>::type Tt; \
-    return CImg<Tt>(img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum,val)-=img; \
-  } \
-  template<typename T> \
-  inline CImg<typename cimg::superset<T,typ>::type> operator*(const typ val, const CImg<T>& img) { \
-    return img*val; \
-  } \
-  template<typename T> \
-  inline CImg<typename cimg::superset<T,typ>::type> operator/(const typ val, const CImg<T>& img) { \
-    return val*img.get_invert(); \
-  } \
-  template<typename T> \
-  inline CImg<typename cimg::superset<T,typ>::type> operator&(const typ val, const CImg<T>& img) { \
-    return img & val; \
-  } \
-  template<typename T> \
-  inline CImg<typename cimg::superset<T,typ>::type> operator|(const typ val, const CImg<T>& img) { \
-    return img | val; \
-  } \
-  template<typename T> \
-  inline CImg<typename cimg::superset<T,typ>::type> operator^(const typ val, const CImg<T>& img) { \
-    return img ^ val; \
-  } \
-  template<typename T> \
-  inline bool operator==(const typ val, const CImg<T>& img) {   \
-    return img == val; \
-  } \
-  template<typename T> \
-  inline bool operator!=(const typ val, const CImg<T>& img) { \
-    return img != val; \
-  }
-
-  _cimg_create_ext_operators(bool)
-  _cimg_create_ext_operators(unsigned char)
-  _cimg_create_ext_operators(char)
-  _cimg_create_ext_operators(signed char)
-  _cimg_create_ext_operators(unsigned short)
-  _cimg_create_ext_operators(short)
-  _cimg_create_ext_operators(unsigned int)
-  _cimg_create_ext_operators(int)
-  _cimg_create_ext_operators(unsigned long)
-  _cimg_create_ext_operators(long)
-  _cimg_create_ext_operators(float)
-  _cimg_create_ext_operators(double)
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> operator+(const char *const expression, const CImg<T>& img) {
-    return img + expression;
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> operator-(const char *const expression, const CImg<T>& img) {
-    return CImg<_cimg_Tfloat>(img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum,expression,true)-=img;
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> operator*(const char *const expression, const CImg<T>& img) {
-    return img*expression;
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> operator/(const char *const expression, const CImg<T>& img) {
-    return expression*img.get_invert();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<T> operator&(const char *const expression, const CImg<T>& img) {
-    return img & expression;
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<T> operator|(const char *const expression, const CImg<T>& img) {
-    return img | expression;
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<T> operator^(const char *const expression, const CImg<T>& img) {
-    return img ^ expression;
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline bool operator==(const char *const expression, const CImg<T>& img) {
-    return img == expression;
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline bool operator!=(const char *const expression, const CImg<T>& img) {
-    return img != expression;
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> sqr(const CImg<T>& instance) {
-    return instance.get_sqr();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> sqrt(const CImg<T>& instance) {
-    return instance.get_sqrt();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> exp(const CImg<T>& instance) {
-    return instance.get_exp();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> log(const CImg<T>& instance) {
-    return instance.get_log();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> log2(const CImg<T>& instance) {
-    return instance.get_log2();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> log10(const CImg<T>& instance) {
-    return instance.get_log10();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> abs(const CImg<T>& instance) {
-    return instance.get_abs();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> sign(const CImg<T>& instance) {
-    return instance.get_sign();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> cos(const CImg<T>& instance) {
-    return instance.get_cos();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> sin(const CImg<T>& instance) {
-    return instance.get_sin();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> sinc(const CImg<T>& instance) {
-    return instance.get_sinc();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> tan(const CImg<T>& instance) {
-    return instance.get_tan();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> acos(const CImg<T>& instance) {
-    return instance.get_acos();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> asin(const CImg<T>& instance) {
-    return instance.get_asin();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> atan(const CImg<T>& instance) {
-    return instance.get_atan();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> cosh(const CImg<T>& instance) {
-    return instance.get_cosh();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> sinh(const CImg<T>& instance) {
-    return instance.get_sinh();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> tanh(const CImg<T>& instance) {
-    return instance.get_tanh();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<T> transpose(const CImg<T>& instance) {
-    return instance.get_transpose();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> invert(const CImg<T>& instance) {
-    return instance.get_invert();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T>
-  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> pseudoinvert(const CImg<T>& instance) {
-    return instance.get_pseudoinvert();
-  }
-
-  /*-----------------------------------
-   #
-   # Define the CImgDisplay structure
-   #
-   ----------------------------------*/
-  //! Allow to create windows, display images on them and manage user events (keyboard, mouse and windows events).
-  /**
-     CImgDisplay methods rely on a low-level graphic library to perform: it can be either \b X-Window
-     (X11, for Unix-based systems) or \b GDI32 (for Windows-based systems).
-     If both libraries are missing, CImgDisplay will not be able to display images on screen, and will enter
-     a minimal mode where warning messages will be outputed each time the program is trying to call one of the
-     CImgDisplay method.
-
-     The configuration variable \c cimg_display tells about the graphic library used.
-     It is set automatically by \CImg when one of these graphic libraries has been detected.
-     But, you can override its value if necessary. Valid choices are:
-     - 0: Disable display capabilities.
-     - 1: Use \b X-Window (X11) library.
-     - 2: Use \b GDI32 library.
-
-     Remember to link your program against \b X11 or \b GDI32 libraries if you use CImgDisplay.
-  **/
-  struct CImgDisplay {
-    unsigned long _timer, _fps_frames, _fps_timer;
-    unsigned int _width, _height, _normalization;
-    float _fps_fps, _min, _max;
-    bool _is_fullscreen;
-    char *_title;
-    volatile unsigned int _window_width, _window_height, _button, _keys[128], _released_keys[128];
-    volatile int _window_x, _window_y, _mouse_x, _mouse_y, _wheel;
-    volatile bool _is_closed, _is_resized, _is_moved, _is_event,
-      _is_keyESC, _is_keyF1, _is_keyF2, _is_keyF3, _is_keyF4, _is_keyF5, _is_keyF6, _is_keyF7,
-      _is_keyF8, _is_keyF9, _is_keyF10, _is_keyF11, _is_keyF12, _is_keyPAUSE, _is_key1, _is_key2,
-      _is_key3, _is_key4, _is_key5, _is_key6, _is_key7, _is_key8, _is_key9, _is_key0,
-      _is_keyBACKSPACE, _is_keyINSERT, _is_keyHOME, _is_keyPAGEUP, _is_keyTAB, _is_keyQ, _is_keyW, _is_keyE,
-      _is_keyR, _is_keyT, _is_keyY, _is_keyU, _is_keyI, _is_keyO, _is_keyP, _is_keyDELETE,
-      _is_keyEND, _is_keyPAGEDOWN, _is_keyCAPSLOCK, _is_keyA, _is_keyS, _is_keyD, _is_keyF, _is_keyG,
-      _is_keyH, _is_keyJ, _is_keyK, _is_keyL, _is_keyENTER, _is_keySHIFTLEFT, _is_keyZ, _is_keyX,
-      _is_keyC, _is_keyV, _is_keyB, _is_keyN, _is_keyM, _is_keySHIFTRIGHT, _is_keyARROWUP, _is_keyCTRLLEFT,
-      _is_keyAPPLEFT, _is_keyALT, _is_keySPACE, _is_keyALTGR, _is_keyAPPRIGHT, _is_keyMENU, _is_keyCTRLRIGHT,
-      _is_keyARROWLEFT, _is_keyARROWDOWN, _is_keyARROWRIGHT, _is_keyPAD0, _is_keyPAD1, _is_keyPAD2, _is_keyPAD3,
-      _is_keyPAD4, _is_keyPAD5, _is_keyPAD6, _is_keyPAD7, _is_keyPAD8, _is_keyPAD9, _is_keyPADADD, _is_keyPADSUB,
-      _is_keyPADMUL, _is_keyPADDIV;
-
-    //@}
-    //---------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Plugins
-    //@{
-    //---------------------------
-
-#ifdef cimgdisplay_plugin
-#include cimgdisplay_plugin
-#endif
-#ifdef cimgdisplay_plugin1
-#include cimgdisplay_plugin1
-#endif
-#ifdef cimgdisplay_plugin2
-#include cimgdisplay_plugin2
-#endif
-#ifdef cimgdisplay_plugin3
-#include cimgdisplay_plugin3
-#endif
-#ifdef cimgdisplay_plugin4
-#include cimgdisplay_plugin4
-#endif
-#ifdef cimgdisplay_plugin5
-#include cimgdisplay_plugin5
-#endif
-#ifdef cimgdisplay_plugin6
-#include cimgdisplay_plugin6
-#endif
-#ifdef cimgdisplay_plugin7
-#include cimgdisplay_plugin7
-#endif
-#ifdef cimgdisplay_plugin8
-#include cimgdisplay_plugin8
-#endif
-
-    //@}
-    //--------------------------------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Constructors / Destructor / Instance Management
-    //@{
-    //--------------------------------------------------------
-
-    //! Destructor.
-    /**
-       \note If the associated window is visible on the screen, it is closed by the call to the destructor.
-    **/
-    ~CImgDisplay() {
-      assign();
-    }
-
-    //! Construct an empty display.
-    /**
-       \note Constructing an empty CImgDisplay instance does not make a window appearing on the screen, until
-       display of valid data is performed.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImgDisplay disp;  // Does actually nothing.
-       ...
-       disp.display(img); // Construct new window and display image in it.
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay():
-      _width(0),_height(0),_normalization(0),
-      _min(0),_max(0),
-      _is_fullscreen(false),
-      _title(0),
-      _window_width(0),_window_height(0),_button(0),
-      _window_x(0),_window_y(0),_mouse_x(-1),_mouse_y(-1),_wheel(0),
-      _is_closed(true),_is_resized(false),_is_moved(false),_is_event(false) {
-      assign();
-    }
-
-    //! Construct a display with specified dimensions.
-    /** \param width Window width.
-        \param height Window height.
-        \param title Window title.
-        \param normalization Normalization type
-        (<tt>0</tt>=none, <tt>1</tt>=always, <tt>2</tt>=once, <tt>3</tt>=pixel type-dependent, see normalization()).
-        \param is_fullscreen Tells if fullscreen mode is enabled.
-        \param is_closed Tells if associated window is initially visible or not.
-        \note A black background is initially displayed on the associated window.
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay(const unsigned int width, const unsigned int height,
-                const char *const title=0, const unsigned int normalization=3,
-                const bool is_fullscreen=false, const bool is_closed=false):
-      _width(0),_height(0),_normalization(0),
-      _min(0),_max(0),
-      _is_fullscreen(false),
-      _title(0),
-      _window_width(0),_window_height(0),_button(0),
-      _window_x(0),_window_y(0),_mouse_x(-1),_mouse_y(-1),_wheel(0),
-      _is_closed(true),_is_resized(false),_is_moved(false),_is_event(false) {
-      assign(width,height,title,normalization,is_fullscreen,is_closed);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct a display from an image.
-    /** \param img Image used as a model to create the window.
-        \param title Window title.
-        \param normalization Normalization type
-        (<tt>0</tt>=none, <tt>1</tt>=always, <tt>2</tt>=once, <tt>3</tt>=pixel type-dependent, see normalization()).
-        \param is_fullscreen Tells if fullscreen mode is enabled.
-        \param is_closed Tells if associated window is initially visible or not.
-        \note The pixels of the input image are initially displayed on the associated window.
-    **/
-    template<typename T>
-    explicit CImgDisplay(const CImg<T>& img,
-                         const char *const title=0, const unsigned int normalization=3,
-                         const bool is_fullscreen=false, const bool is_closed=false):
-      _width(0),_height(0),_normalization(0),
-      _min(0),_max(0),
-      _is_fullscreen(false),
-      _title(0),
-      _window_width(0),_window_height(0),_button(0),
-      _window_x(0),_window_y(0),_mouse_x(-1),_mouse_y(-1),_wheel(0),
-      _is_closed(true),_is_resized(false),_is_moved(false),_is_event(false) {
-      assign(img,title,normalization,is_fullscreen,is_closed);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct a display from an image list.
-    /** \param list The images list to display.
-        \param title Window title.
-        \param normalization Normalization type
-        (<tt>0</tt>=none, <tt>1</tt>=always, <tt>2</tt>=once, <tt>3</tt>=pixel type-dependent, see normalization()).
-        \param is_fullscreen Tells if fullscreen mode is enabled.
-        \param is_closed Tells if associated window is initially visible or not.
-        \note All images of the list, appended along the X-axis, are initially displayed on the associated window.
-    **/
-    template<typename T>
-    explicit CImgDisplay(const CImgList<T>& list,
-                         const char *const title=0, const unsigned int normalization=3,
-                         const bool is_fullscreen=false, const bool is_closed=false):
-      _width(0),_height(0),_normalization(0),
-      _min(0),_max(0),
-      _is_fullscreen(false),
-      _title(0),
-      _window_width(0),_window_height(0),_button(0),
-      _window_x(0),_window_y(0),_mouse_x(-1),_mouse_y(-1),_wheel(0),
-      _is_closed(true),_is_resized(false),_is_moved(false),_is_event(false) {
-      assign(list,title,normalization,is_fullscreen,is_closed);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct a display as a copy of an existing one.
-    /**
-        \param disp Display instance to copy.
-        \note The pixel buffer of the input window is initially displayed on the associated window.
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay(const CImgDisplay& disp):
-      _width(0),_height(0),_normalization(0),
-      _min(0),_max(0),
-      _is_fullscreen(false),
-      _title(0),
-      _window_width(0),_window_height(0),_button(0),
-      _window_x(0),_window_y(0),_mouse_x(-1),_mouse_y(-1),_wheel(0),
-      _is_closed(true),_is_resized(false),_is_moved(false),_is_event(false) {
-      assign(disp);
-    }
-
-#if cimg_display==0
-
-    static void _no_display_exception() {
-      throw CImgDisplayException("CImgDisplay(): No display available.");
-    }
-
-    //! Destructor - Empty constructor \inplace.
-    /**
-       \note Replace the current instance by an empty display.
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& assign() {
-      return flush();
-    }
-
-    //! Construct a display with specified dimensions \inplace.
-    /**
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& assign(const unsigned int width, const unsigned int height,
-                        const char *const title=0, const unsigned int normalization=3,
-                        const bool is_fullscreen=false, const bool is_closed=false) {
-      cimg::unused(width,height,title,normalization,is_fullscreen,is_closed);
-      _no_display_exception();
-      return assign();
-    }
-
-    //! Construct a display from an image \inplace.
-    /**
-    **/
-    template<typename T>
-    CImgDisplay& assign(const CImg<T>& img,
-                        const char *const title=0, const unsigned int normalization=3,
-                        const bool is_fullscreen=false, const bool is_closed=false) {
-      _no_display_exception();
-      return assign(img._width,img._height,title,normalization,is_fullscreen,is_closed);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct a display from an image list \inplace.
-    /**
-    **/
-    template<typename T>
-    CImgDisplay& assign(const CImgList<T>& list,
-                        const char *const title=0, const unsigned int normalization=3,
-                        const bool is_fullscreen=false, const bool is_closed=false) {
-      _no_display_exception();
-      return assign(list._width,list._width,title,normalization,is_fullscreen,is_closed);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct a display as a copy of another one \inplace.
-    /**
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& assign(const CImgDisplay &disp) {
-      _no_display_exception();
-      return assign(disp._width,disp._height);
-    }
-
-#endif
-
-    //! Return a reference to an empty display.
-    /**
-       \note Can be useful for writing function prototypes where one of the argument (of type CImgDisplay&)
-       must have a default value.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       void foo(CImgDisplay& disp=CImgDisplay::empty());
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    static CImgDisplay& empty() {
-      static CImgDisplay _empty;
-      return _empty.assign();
-    }
-
-#define cimg_fitscreen(dx,dy,dz) CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(dx,dy,dz,128,-85,false), \
-                                 CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(dx,dy,dz,128,-85,true)
-    static unsigned int _fitscreen(const unsigned int dx, const unsigned int dy, const unsigned int dz,
-                                   const int dmin, const int dmax,const bool return_y) {
-      const unsigned int _nw = dx + (dz>1?dz:0), _nh = dy + (dz>1?dz:0);
-      unsigned int nw = _nw?_nw:1, nh = _nh?_nh:1;
-      const unsigned int
-        sw = CImgDisplay::screen_width(), sh = CImgDisplay::screen_height(),
-        mw = dmin<0?(unsigned int)(sw*-dmin/100):(unsigned int)dmin,
-        mh = dmin<0?(unsigned int)(sh*-dmin/100):(unsigned int)dmin,
-        Mw = dmax<0?(unsigned int)(sw*-dmax/100):(unsigned int)dmax,
-        Mh = dmax<0?(unsigned int)(sh*-dmax/100):(unsigned int)dmax;
-      if (nw<mw) { nh = nh*mw/nw; nh+=(nh==0?1:0); nw = mw; }
-      if (nh<mh) { nw = nw*mh/nh; nw+=(nw==0?1:0); nh = mh; }
-      if (nw>Mw) { nh = nh*Mw/nw; nh+=(nh==0?1:0); nw = Mw; }
-      if (nh>Mh) { nw = nw*Mh/nh; nw+=(nw==0?1:0); nh = Mh; }
-      if (nw<mw) nw = mw;
-      if (nh<mh) nh = mh;
-      return return_y?nh:nw;
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //------------------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Overloaded Operators
-    //@{
-    //------------------------------------------
-
-    //! Display image on associated window.
-    /**
-       \note <tt>disp = img</tt> is equivalent to <tt>disp.display(img)</tt>.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgDisplay& operator=(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      return display(img);
-    }
-
-    //! Display list of images on associated window.
-    /**
-       \note <tt>disp = list</tt> is equivalent to <tt>disp.display(list)</tt>.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgDisplay& operator=(const CImgList<t>& list) {
-      return display(list);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct a display as a copy of another one \inplace.
-    /**
-       \note Equivalent to assign(const CImgDisplay&).
-     **/
-    CImgDisplay& operator=(const CImgDisplay& disp) {
-      return assign(disp);
-    }
-
-    //! Return \c false if display is empty, \c true otherwise.
-    /**
-       \note <tt>if (disp) { ... }</tt> is equivalent to <tt>if (!disp.is_empty()) { ... }</tt>.
-    **/
-    operator bool() const {
-      return !is_empty();
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //------------------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Instance Checking
-    //@{
-    //------------------------------------------
-
-    //! Return \c true if display is empty, \c false otherwise.
-    /**
-    **/
-    bool is_empty() const {
-      return !(_width && _height);
-    }
-
-    //! Return \c true if display is closed (i.e. not visible on the screen), \c false otherwise.
-    /**
-       \note
-       - When a user physically closes the associated window, the display is set to closed.
-       - A closed display is not destroyed. Its associated window can be show again on the screen using show().
-    **/
-    bool is_closed() const {
-      return _is_closed;
-    }
-
-    //! Return \c true if associated window has been resized on the screen, \c false otherwise.
-    /**
-    **/
-    bool is_resized() const {
-      return _is_resized;
-    }
-
-    //! Return \c true if associated window has been moved on the screen, \c false otherwise.
-    /**
-    **/
-    bool is_moved() const {
-      return _is_moved;
-    }
-
-    //! Return \c true if any event has occured on the associated window, \c false otherwise.
-    /**
-    **/
-    bool is_event() const {
-      return _is_event;
-    }
-
-    //! Return \c true if current display is in fullscreen mode, \c false otherwise.
-    /**
-    **/
-    bool is_fullscreen() const {
-      return _is_fullscreen;
-    }
-
-    //! Return \c true if any key is being pressed on the associated window, \c false otherwise.
-    /**
-       \note The methods below do the same only for specific keys.
-    **/
-    bool is_key() const {
-      return _is_keyESC || _is_keyF1 || _is_keyF2 || _is_keyF3 ||
-        _is_keyF4 || _is_keyF5 || _is_keyF6 || _is_keyF7 ||
-        _is_keyF8 || _is_keyF9 || _is_keyF10 || _is_keyF11 ||
-        _is_keyF12 || _is_keyPAUSE || _is_key1 || _is_key2 ||
-        _is_key3 || _is_key4 || _is_key5 || _is_key6 ||
-        _is_key7 || _is_key8 || _is_key9 || _is_key0 ||
-        _is_keyBACKSPACE || _is_keyINSERT || _is_keyHOME ||
-        _is_keyPAGEUP || _is_keyTAB || _is_keyQ || _is_keyW ||
-        _is_keyE || _is_keyR || _is_keyT || _is_keyY ||
-        _is_keyU || _is_keyI || _is_keyO || _is_keyP ||
-        _is_keyDELETE || _is_keyEND || _is_keyPAGEDOWN ||
-        _is_keyCAPSLOCK || _is_keyA || _is_keyS || _is_keyD ||
-        _is_keyF || _is_keyG || _is_keyH || _is_keyJ ||
-        _is_keyK || _is_keyL || _is_keyENTER ||
-        _is_keySHIFTLEFT || _is_keyZ || _is_keyX || _is_keyC ||
-        _is_keyV || _is_keyB || _is_keyN || _is_keyM ||
-        _is_keySHIFTRIGHT || _is_keyARROWUP || _is_keyCTRLLEFT ||
-        _is_keyAPPLEFT || _is_keyALT || _is_keySPACE || _is_keyALTGR ||
-        _is_keyAPPRIGHT || _is_keyMENU || _is_keyCTRLRIGHT ||
-        _is_keyARROWLEFT || _is_keyARROWDOWN || _is_keyARROWRIGHT ||
-        _is_keyPAD0 || _is_keyPAD1 || _is_keyPAD2 ||
-        _is_keyPAD3 || _is_keyPAD4 || _is_keyPAD5 ||
-        _is_keyPAD6 || _is_keyPAD7 || _is_keyPAD8 ||
-        _is_keyPAD9 || _is_keyPADADD || _is_keyPADSUB ||
-        _is_keyPADMUL || _is_keyPADDIV;
-    }
-
-    //! Return \c true if key specified by given keycode is being pressed on the associated window, \c false otherwise.
-    /**
-       \param keycode Keycode to test.
-       \note Keycode constants are defined in the cimg namespace and are architecture-dependent. Use them to ensure
-       your code stay portable (see cimg::keyESC).
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImgDisplay disp(400,400);
-       while (!disp.is_closed()) {
-         if (disp.key(cimg::keyTAB)) { ... }  // Equivalent to 'if (disp.is_keyTAB())'.
-         disp.wait();
-       }
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    bool is_key(const unsigned int keycode) const {
-#define _cimg_iskey_test(k) if (keycode==cimg::key##k) return _is_key##k;
-      _cimg_iskey_test(ESC); _cimg_iskey_test(F1); _cimg_iskey_test(F2); _cimg_iskey_test(F3);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(F4); _cimg_iskey_test(F5); _cimg_iskey_test(F6); _cimg_iskey_test(F7);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(F8); _cimg_iskey_test(F9); _cimg_iskey_test(F10); _cimg_iskey_test(F11);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(F12); _cimg_iskey_test(PAUSE); _cimg_iskey_test(1); _cimg_iskey_test(2);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(3); _cimg_iskey_test(4); _cimg_iskey_test(5); _cimg_iskey_test(6);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(7); _cimg_iskey_test(8); _cimg_iskey_test(9); _cimg_iskey_test(0);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(BACKSPACE); _cimg_iskey_test(INSERT); _cimg_iskey_test(HOME);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(PAGEUP); _cimg_iskey_test(TAB); _cimg_iskey_test(Q); _cimg_iskey_test(W);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(E); _cimg_iskey_test(R); _cimg_iskey_test(T); _cimg_iskey_test(Y);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(U); _cimg_iskey_test(I); _cimg_iskey_test(O); _cimg_iskey_test(P);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(DELETE); _cimg_iskey_test(END); _cimg_iskey_test(PAGEDOWN);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(CAPSLOCK); _cimg_iskey_test(A); _cimg_iskey_test(S); _cimg_iskey_test(D);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(F); _cimg_iskey_test(G); _cimg_iskey_test(H); _cimg_iskey_test(J);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(K); _cimg_iskey_test(L); _cimg_iskey_test(ENTER);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(SHIFTLEFT); _cimg_iskey_test(Z); _cimg_iskey_test(X); _cimg_iskey_test(C);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(V); _cimg_iskey_test(B); _cimg_iskey_test(N); _cimg_iskey_test(M);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(SHIFTRIGHT); _cimg_iskey_test(ARROWUP); _cimg_iskey_test(CTRLLEFT);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(APPLEFT); _cimg_iskey_test(ALT); _cimg_iskey_test(SPACE); _cimg_iskey_test(ALTGR);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(APPRIGHT); _cimg_iskey_test(MENU); _cimg_iskey_test(CTRLRIGHT);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(ARROWLEFT); _cimg_iskey_test(ARROWDOWN); _cimg_iskey_test(ARROWRIGHT);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(PAD0); _cimg_iskey_test(PAD1); _cimg_iskey_test(PAD2);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(PAD3); _cimg_iskey_test(PAD4); _cimg_iskey_test(PAD5);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(PAD6); _cimg_iskey_test(PAD7); _cimg_iskey_test(PAD8);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(PAD9); _cimg_iskey_test(PADADD); _cimg_iskey_test(PADSUB);
-      _cimg_iskey_test(PADMUL); _cimg_iskey_test(PADDIV);
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    //! Return \c true if key specified by given keycode is being pressed on the associated window, \c false otherwise.
-    /**
-       \param keycode C-string containing the keycode label of the key to test.
-       \note Use it when the key you want to test can be dynamically set by the user.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImgDisplay disp(400,400);
-       const char *const keycode = "TAB";
-       while (!disp.is_closed()) {
-         if (disp.is_key(keycode)) { ... }  // Equivalent to 'if (disp.is_keyTAB())'.
-         disp.wait();
-       }
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    volatile bool& is_key(const char *const keycode) {
-      static bool f = false;
-      f = false;
-#define _cimg_iskey_test2(k) if (!cimg::strcasecmp(keycode,#k)) return _is_key##k;
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(ESC); _cimg_iskey_test2(F1); _cimg_iskey_test2(F2); _cimg_iskey_test2(F3);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(F4); _cimg_iskey_test2(F5); _cimg_iskey_test2(F6); _cimg_iskey_test2(F7);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(F8); _cimg_iskey_test2(F9); _cimg_iskey_test2(F10); _cimg_iskey_test2(F11);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(F12); _cimg_iskey_test2(PAUSE); _cimg_iskey_test2(1); _cimg_iskey_test2(2);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(3); _cimg_iskey_test2(4); _cimg_iskey_test2(5); _cimg_iskey_test2(6);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(7); _cimg_iskey_test2(8); _cimg_iskey_test2(9); _cimg_iskey_test2(0);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(BACKSPACE); _cimg_iskey_test2(INSERT); _cimg_iskey_test2(HOME);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(PAGEUP); _cimg_iskey_test2(TAB); _cimg_iskey_test2(Q); _cimg_iskey_test2(W);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(E); _cimg_iskey_test2(R); _cimg_iskey_test2(T); _cimg_iskey_test2(Y);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(U); _cimg_iskey_test2(I); _cimg_iskey_test2(O); _cimg_iskey_test2(P);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(DELETE); _cimg_iskey_test2(END); _cimg_iskey_test2(PAGEDOWN);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(CAPSLOCK); _cimg_iskey_test2(A); _cimg_iskey_test2(S); _cimg_iskey_test2(D);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(F); _cimg_iskey_test2(G); _cimg_iskey_test2(H); _cimg_iskey_test2(J);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(K); _cimg_iskey_test2(L); _cimg_iskey_test2(ENTER);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(SHIFTLEFT); _cimg_iskey_test2(Z); _cimg_iskey_test2(X); _cimg_iskey_test2(C);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(V); _cimg_iskey_test2(B); _cimg_iskey_test2(N); _cimg_iskey_test2(M);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(SHIFTRIGHT); _cimg_iskey_test2(ARROWUP); _cimg_iskey_test2(CTRLLEFT);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(APPLEFT); _cimg_iskey_test2(ALT); _cimg_iskey_test2(SPACE); _cimg_iskey_test2(ALTGR);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(APPRIGHT); _cimg_iskey_test2(MENU); _cimg_iskey_test2(CTRLRIGHT);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(ARROWLEFT); _cimg_iskey_test2(ARROWDOWN); _cimg_iskey_test2(ARROWRIGHT);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(PAD0); _cimg_iskey_test2(PAD1); _cimg_iskey_test2(PAD2);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(PAD3); _cimg_iskey_test2(PAD4); _cimg_iskey_test2(PAD5);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(PAD6); _cimg_iskey_test2(PAD7); _cimg_iskey_test2(PAD8);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(PAD9); _cimg_iskey_test2(PADADD); _cimg_iskey_test2(PADSUB);
-      _cimg_iskey_test2(PADMUL); _cimg_iskey_test2(PADDIV);
-      return f;
-    }
-
-    //! Return \c true if specified key sequence has been typed on the associated window, \c false otherwise.
-    /**
-       \param keycodes_sequence Buffer of keycodes to test.
-       \param length Number of keys in the \c keycodes_sequence buffer.
-       \param remove_sequence Tells if the key sequence must be removed from the key history, if found.
-       \note Keycode constants are defined in the cimg namespace and are architecture-dependent. Use them to ensure
-       your code stay portable (see cimg::keyESC).
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImgDisplay disp(400,400);
-       const unsigned int key_seq[] = { cimg::keyCTRLLEFT, cimg::keyD };
-       while (!disp.is_closed()) {
-         if (disp.is_key_sequence(key_seq,2)) { ... }  // Test for the 'CTRL+D' keyboard event.
-         disp.wait();
-       }
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    bool is_key_sequence(const unsigned int *const keycodes_sequence, const unsigned int length,
-                         const bool remove_sequence=false) {
-      if (keycodes_sequence && length) {
-        const unsigned int
-          *const ps_end = keycodes_sequence + length - 1,
-          *const pk_end = (unsigned int*)_keys + 1 + sizeof(_keys)/sizeof(unsigned int) - length,
-          k = *ps_end;
-        for (unsigned int *pk = (unsigned int*)_keys; pk<pk_end; ) {
-          if (*(pk++)==k) {
-            bool res = true;
-            const unsigned int *ps = ps_end, *pk2 = pk;
-            for (unsigned int i = 1; i<length; ++i) res = (*(--ps)==*(pk2++));
-            if (res) {
-              if (remove_sequence) std::memset((void*)(pk-1),0,sizeof(unsigned int)*length);
-              return true;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return false;
-    }
-
-#define _cimg_iskey_def(k) \
-    bool is_key##k() const { \
-      return _is_key##k; \
-    }
-
-    //! Return \c true if the \c ESC key is being pressed on the associated window, \c false otherwise.
-    /**
-       \note Similar methods exist for all keys managed by \CImg (see cimg::keyESC).
-    **/
-    _cimg_iskey_def(ESC); _cimg_iskey_def(F1); _cimg_iskey_def(F2); _cimg_iskey_def(F3);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(F4); _cimg_iskey_def(F5); _cimg_iskey_def(F6); _cimg_iskey_def(F7);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(F8); _cimg_iskey_def(F9); _cimg_iskey_def(F10); _cimg_iskey_def(F11);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(F12); _cimg_iskey_def(PAUSE); _cimg_iskey_def(1); _cimg_iskey_def(2);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(3); _cimg_iskey_def(4); _cimg_iskey_def(5); _cimg_iskey_def(6);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(7); _cimg_iskey_def(8); _cimg_iskey_def(9); _cimg_iskey_def(0);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(BACKSPACE); _cimg_iskey_def(INSERT); _cimg_iskey_def(HOME);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(PAGEUP); _cimg_iskey_def(TAB); _cimg_iskey_def(Q); _cimg_iskey_def(W);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(E); _cimg_iskey_def(R); _cimg_iskey_def(T); _cimg_iskey_def(Y);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(U); _cimg_iskey_def(I); _cimg_iskey_def(O); _cimg_iskey_def(P);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(DELETE); _cimg_iskey_def(END); _cimg_iskey_def(PAGEDOWN);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(CAPSLOCK); _cimg_iskey_def(A); _cimg_iskey_def(S); _cimg_iskey_def(D);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(F); _cimg_iskey_def(G); _cimg_iskey_def(H); _cimg_iskey_def(J);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(K); _cimg_iskey_def(L); _cimg_iskey_def(ENTER);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(SHIFTLEFT); _cimg_iskey_def(Z); _cimg_iskey_def(X); _cimg_iskey_def(C);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(V); _cimg_iskey_def(B); _cimg_iskey_def(N); _cimg_iskey_def(M);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(SHIFTRIGHT); _cimg_iskey_def(ARROWUP); _cimg_iskey_def(CTRLLEFT);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(APPLEFT); _cimg_iskey_def(ALT); _cimg_iskey_def(SPACE); _cimg_iskey_def(ALTGR);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(APPRIGHT); _cimg_iskey_def(MENU); _cimg_iskey_def(CTRLRIGHT);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(ARROWLEFT); _cimg_iskey_def(ARROWDOWN); _cimg_iskey_def(ARROWRIGHT);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(PAD0); _cimg_iskey_def(PAD1); _cimg_iskey_def(PAD2);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(PAD3); _cimg_iskey_def(PAD4); _cimg_iskey_def(PAD5);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(PAD6); _cimg_iskey_def(PAD7); _cimg_iskey_def(PAD8);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(PAD9); _cimg_iskey_def(PADADD); _cimg_iskey_def(PADSUB);
-    _cimg_iskey_def(PADMUL); _cimg_iskey_def(PADDIV);
-
-    //@}
-    //------------------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Instance Characteristics
-    //@{
-    //------------------------------------------
-
-#if cimg_display==0
-
-    //! Return width of the screen (current resolution along the X-axis).
-    /**
-    **/
-    static int screen_width() {
-      _no_display_exception();
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-    //! Return height of the screen (current resolution along the Y-axis).
-    /**
-    **/
-    static int screen_height() {
-      _no_display_exception();
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-#endif
-
-    //! Return display width.
-    /**
-       \note The width of the display (i.e. the width of the pixel data buffer associated to the CImgDisplay instance)
-       may be different from the actual width of the associated window.
-    **/
-    int width() const {
-      return (int)_width;
-    }
-
-    //! Return display height.
-    /**
-       \note The height of the display (i.e. the height of the pixel data buffer associated to the CImgDisplay instance)
-       may be different from the actual height of the associated window.
-    **/
-    int height() const {
-      return (int)_height;
-    }
-
-    //! Return normalization type of the display.
-    /**
-       The normalization type tells about how the values of an input image are normalized by the CImgDisplay to be
-       correctly displayed. The range of values for pixels displayed on screen is <tt>[0,255]</tt>.
-       If the range of values of the data to display is different, a normalization may be required for displaying
-       the data in a correct way. The normalization type can be one of:
-       - \c 0: Value normalization is disabled. It is then assumed that all input data to be displayed by the
-       CImgDisplay instance have values in range <tt>[0,255]</tt>.
-       - \c 1: Value normalization is always performed (this is the default behavior).
-       Before displaying an input image, its values will be (virtually) stretched
-       in range <tt>[0,255]</tt>, so that the contrast of the displayed pixels will be maximum.
-       Use this mode for images whose minimum and maximum values are not prescribed to known values
-       (e.g. float-valued images).
-       Note that when normalized versions of images are computed for display purposes, the actual values of these
-       images are not modified.
-       - \c 2: Value normalization is performed once (on the first image display), then the same normalization
-       coefficients are kept for next displayed frames.
-       - \c 3: Value normalization depends on the pixel type of the data to display. For integer pixel types,
-       the normalization is done regarding the minimum/maximum values of the type (no normalization occurs then
-       for <tt>unsigned char</tt>).
-       For float-valued pixel types, the normalization is done regarding the minimum/maximum value of the image
-       data instead.
-    **/
-    unsigned int normalization() const {
-      return _normalization;
-    }
-
-    //! Return title of the associated window as a C-string.
-    /**
-       \note Window title may be not visible, depending on the used window manager or if the current display is
-       in fullscreen mode.
-    **/
-    const char *title() const {
-      return _title;
-    }
-
-    //! Return width of the associated window.
-    /**
-       \note The width of the display (i.e. the width of the pixel data buffer associated to the CImgDisplay instance)
-       may be different from the actual width of the associated window.
-    **/
-    int window_width() const {
-      return (int)_window_width;
-    }
-
-    //! Return height of the associated window.
-    /**
-       \note The height of the display (i.e. the height of the pixel data buffer associated to the CImgDisplay instance)
-       may be different from the actual height of the associated window.
-    **/
-    int window_height() const {
-      return (int)_window_height;
-    }
-
-    //! Return X-coordinate of the associated window.
-    /**
-       \note The returned coordinate corresponds to the location of the upper-left corner of the associated window.
-    **/
-    int window_x() const {
-      return _window_x;
-    }
-
-    //! Return Y-coordinate of the associated window.
-    /**
-       \note The returned coordinate corresponds to the location of the upper-left corner of the associated window.
-    **/
-    int window_y() const {
-      return _window_y;
-    }
-
-    //! Return X-coordinate of the mouse pointer.
-    /**
-       \note
-       - If the mouse pointer is outside window area, \c -1 is returned.
-       - Otherwise, the returned value is in the range [0,width()-1].
-    **/
-    int mouse_x() const {
-      return _mouse_x;
-    }
-
-    //! Return Y-coordinate of the mouse pointer.
-    /**
-       \note
-       - If the mouse pointer is outside window area, \c -1 is returned.
-       - Otherwise, the returned value is in the range [0,height()-1].
-    **/
-    int mouse_y() const {
-      return _mouse_y;
-    }
-
-    //! Return current state of the mouse buttons.
-    /**
-       \note Three mouse buttons can be managed. If one button is pressed, its corresponding bit in the returned
-       value is set:
-       - bit \c 0 (value \c 0x1): State of the left mouse button.
-       - bit \c 1 (value \c 0x2): State of the right mouse button.
-       - bit \c 2 (value \c 0x4): State of the middle mouse button.
-
-       Several bits can be activated if more than one button are pressed at the same time.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImgDisplay disp(400,400);
-       while (!disp.is_closed()) {
-         if (disp.button()&1) { // Left button clicked.
-           ...
-         }
-         if (disp.button()&2) { // Right button clicked.
-           ...
-         }
-         if (disp.button()&4) { // Middle button clicked.
-           ...
-         }
-         disp.wait();
-       }
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    unsigned int button() const {
-      return _button;
-    }
-
-    //! Return current state of the mouse wheel.
-    /**
-       \note
-       - The returned value can be positive or negative depending on whether the mouse wheel has been scrolled
-       forward or backward.
-       - Scrolling the wheel forward add \c 1 to the wheel value.
-       - Scrolling the wheel backward substract \c 1 to the wheel value.
-       - The returned value cumulates the number of forward of backward scrolls since the creation of the display,
-       or since the last reset of the wheel value (using set_wheel()). It is strongly recommended to quickly reset
-       the wheel counter when an action has been performed regarding the current wheel value.
-       Otherwise, the returned wheel value may be for instance \c 0 despite the fact that many scrolls have been done
-       (as many in forward as in backward directions).
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImgDisplay disp(400,400);
-       while (!disp.is_closed()) {
-         if (disp.wheel()) {
-           int counter = disp.wheel();  // Read the state of the mouse wheel.
-           ...                          // Do what you want with 'counter'.
-           disp.set_wheel();            // Reset the wheel value to 0.
-         }
-         disp.wait();
-       }
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    int wheel() const {
-      return _wheel;
-    }
-
-    //! Return one entry from the pressed keys history.
-    /**
-       \param pos Indice to read from the pressed keys history (indice \c 0 corresponds to latest entry).
-       \return Keycode of a pressed key or \c 0 for a released key.
-       \note
-       - Each CImgDisplay stores a history of the pressed keys in a buffer of size \c 128. When a new key is pressed,
-       its keycode is stored in the pressed keys history. When a key is released, \c 0 is put instead.
-       This means that up to the 64 last pressed keys may be read from the pressed keys history.
-       When a new value is stored, the pressed keys history is shifted so that the latest entry is always
-       stored at position \c 0.
-       - Keycode constants are defined in the cimg namespace and are architecture-dependent. Use them to ensure
-       your code stay portable (see cimg::keyESC).
-    **/
-    unsigned int key(const unsigned int pos=0) const {
-      return pos<(sizeof(_keys)/sizeof(unsigned int))?_keys[pos]:0;
-    }
-
-    //! Return one entry from the released keys history.
-    /**
-       \param pos Indice to read from the released keys history (indice \c 0 corresponds to latest entry).
-       \return Keycode of a released key or \c 0 for a pressed key.
-       \note
-       - Each CImgDisplay stores a history of the released keys in a buffer of size \c 128. When a new key is released,
-       its keycode is stored in the pressed keys history. When a key is pressed, \c 0 is put instead.
-       This means that up to the 64 last released keys may be read from the released keys history.
-       When a new value is stored, the released keys history is shifted so that the latest entry is always
-       stored at position \c 0.
-       - Keycode constants are defined in the cimg namespace and are architecture-dependent. Use them to ensure
-       your code stay portable (see cimg::keyESC).
-    **/
-    unsigned int released_key(const unsigned int pos=0) const {
-      return pos<(sizeof(_released_keys)/sizeof(unsigned int))?_released_keys[pos]:0;
-    }
-
-    //! Return keycode corresponding to the specified string.
-    /**
-       \note Keycode constants are defined in the cimg namespace and are architecture-dependent. Use them to ensure
-       your code stay portable (see cimg::keyESC).
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const unsigned int keyTAB = CImgDisplay::keycode("TAB");  // Return cimg::keyTAB.
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    static unsigned int keycode(const char *const keycode) {
-#define _cimg_keycode(k) if (!cimg::strcasecmp(keycode,#k)) return cimg::key##k;
-      _cimg_keycode(ESC); _cimg_keycode(F1); _cimg_keycode(F2); _cimg_keycode(F3);
-      _cimg_keycode(F4); _cimg_keycode(F5); _cimg_keycode(F6); _cimg_keycode(F7);
-      _cimg_keycode(F8); _cimg_keycode(F9); _cimg_keycode(F10); _cimg_keycode(F11);
-      _cimg_keycode(F12); _cimg_keycode(PAUSE); _cimg_keycode(1); _cimg_keycode(2);
-      _cimg_keycode(3); _cimg_keycode(4); _cimg_keycode(5); _cimg_keycode(6);
-      _cimg_keycode(7); _cimg_keycode(8); _cimg_keycode(9); _cimg_keycode(0);
-      _cimg_keycode(BACKSPACE); _cimg_keycode(INSERT); _cimg_keycode(HOME);
-      _cimg_keycode(PAGEUP); _cimg_keycode(TAB); _cimg_keycode(Q); _cimg_keycode(W);
-      _cimg_keycode(E); _cimg_keycode(R); _cimg_keycode(T); _cimg_keycode(Y);
-      _cimg_keycode(U); _cimg_keycode(I); _cimg_keycode(O); _cimg_keycode(P);
-      _cimg_keycode(DELETE); _cimg_keycode(END); _cimg_keycode(PAGEDOWN);
-      _cimg_keycode(CAPSLOCK); _cimg_keycode(A); _cimg_keycode(S); _cimg_keycode(D);
-      _cimg_keycode(F); _cimg_keycode(G); _cimg_keycode(H); _cimg_keycode(J);
-      _cimg_keycode(K); _cimg_keycode(L); _cimg_keycode(ENTER);
-      _cimg_keycode(SHIFTLEFT); _cimg_keycode(Z); _cimg_keycode(X); _cimg_keycode(C);
-      _cimg_keycode(V); _cimg_keycode(B); _cimg_keycode(N); _cimg_keycode(M);
-      _cimg_keycode(SHIFTRIGHT); _cimg_keycode(ARROWUP); _cimg_keycode(CTRLLEFT);
-      _cimg_keycode(APPLEFT); _cimg_keycode(ALT); _cimg_keycode(SPACE); _cimg_keycode(ALTGR);
-      _cimg_keycode(APPRIGHT); _cimg_keycode(MENU); _cimg_keycode(CTRLRIGHT);
-      _cimg_keycode(ARROWLEFT); _cimg_keycode(ARROWDOWN); _cimg_keycode(ARROWRIGHT);
-      _cimg_keycode(PAD0); _cimg_keycode(PAD1); _cimg_keycode(PAD2);
-      _cimg_keycode(PAD3); _cimg_keycode(PAD4); _cimg_keycode(PAD5);
-      _cimg_keycode(PAD6); _cimg_keycode(PAD7); _cimg_keycode(PAD8);
-      _cimg_keycode(PAD9); _cimg_keycode(PADADD); _cimg_keycode(PADSUB);
-      _cimg_keycode(PADMUL); _cimg_keycode(PADDIV);
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-    //! Return the current refresh rate, in frames per second.
-    /**
-       \note Returns a significant value when the current instance is used to display successive frames.
-       It measures the delay between successive calls to frames_per_second().
-    **/
-    float frames_per_second() {
-      if (!_fps_timer) _fps_timer = cimg::time();
-      const float delta = (cimg::time()-_fps_timer)/1000.0f;
-      ++_fps_frames;
-      if (delta>=1) {
-        _fps_fps = _fps_frames/delta;
-        _fps_frames = 0;
-        _fps_timer = cimg::time();
-      }
-      return _fps_fps;
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //---------------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Window Manipulation
-    //@{
-    //---------------------------------------
-
-#if cimg_display==0
-
-    //! Display image on associated window.
-    /**
-       \param img Input image to display.
-       \note This method returns immediately.
-    **/
-    template<typename T>
-    CImgDisplay& display(const CImg<T>& img) {
-      return assign(img);
-    }
-
-#endif
-
-    //! Display list of images on associated window.
-    /**
-       \param list List of images to display.
-       \param axis Axis used to append the images along, for the visualization (can be \c x, \c y, \c z or \c c).
-       \param align Relative position of aligned images when displaying lists with images of different sizes
-       (\c 0 for upper-left, \c 0.5 for centering and \c 1 for lower-right).
-       \note This method returns immediately.
-    **/
-    template<typename T>
-    CImgDisplay& display(const CImgList<T>& list, const char axis='x', const float align=0) {
-      CImgList<typename CImg<T>::ucharT> visu(list._width);
-      cimglist_for(list,l) {
-        const CImg<T>& img = list._data[l];
-        img.__get_select(*this,_normalization,(img._width-1)/2,(img._height-1)/2,(img._depth-1)/2).move_to(visu[l]);
-      }
-      visu.get_append(axis,align).display(*this);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-#if cimg_display==0
-
-    //! Show (closed) associated window on the screen.
-    /**
-       \note
-       - Force the associated window of a display to be visible on the screen, even if it has been closed before.
-       - Using show() on a visible display does nothing.
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& show() {
-      return assign();
-    }
-
-    //! Close (visible) associated window and make it disappear from the screen.
-    /**
-       \note
-       - A closed display only means the associated window is not visible anymore. This does not mean the display has
-       been destroyed.
-       Use show() to make the associated window reappear.
-       - Using close() on a closed display does nothing.
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& close() {
-      return assign();
-    }
-
-    //! Move associated window to a new location.
-    /**
-       \param pos_x X-coordinate of the new window location.
-       \param pos_y Y-coordinate of the new window location.
-       \note Depending on the window manager behavior, this method may not succeed (no exceptions are thrown
-       nevertheless).
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& move(const int pos_x, const int pos_y) {
-      return assign(pos_x,pos_y);
-    }
-
-#endif
-
-    //! Resize display to the size of the associated window.
-    /**
-       \param force_redraw Tells if the previous window content must be updated and refreshed as well.
-       \note
-       - Calling this method ensures that width() and window_width() become equal, as well as height() and
-       window_height().
-       - The associated window is also resized to specified dimensions.
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& resize(const bool force_redraw=true) {
-      resize(_window_width,_window_height,force_redraw);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-#if cimg_display==0
-
-    //! Resize display to the specified size.
-    /**
-       \param width Requested display width.
-       \param height Requested display height.
-       \param force_redraw Tells if the previous window content must be updated and refreshed as well.
-       \note The associated window is also resized to specified dimensions.
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& resize(const int width, const int height, const bool force_redraw=true) {
-      return assign(width,height,0,3,force_redraw);
-    }
-
-#endif
-
-    //! Resize display to the size of an input image.
-    /**
-       \param img Input image to take size from.
-       \param force_redraw Tells if the previous window content must be resized and updated as well.
-       \note
-       - Calling this method ensures that width() and <tt>img.width()</tt> become equal, as well as height() and
-       <tt>img.height()</tt>.
-       - The associated window is also resized to specified dimensions.
-    **/
-    template<typename T>
-    CImgDisplay& resize(const CImg<T>& img, const bool force_redraw=true) {
-      return resize(img._width,img._height,force_redraw);
-    }
-
-    //! Resize display to the size of another CImgDisplay instance.
-    /**
-       \param disp Input display to take size from.
-       \param force_redraw Tells if the previous window content must be resized and updated as well.
-       \note
-       - Calling this method ensures that width() and <tt>disp.width()</tt> become equal, as well as height() and
-       <tt>disp.height()</tt>.
-       - The associated window is also resized to specified dimensions.
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& resize(const CImgDisplay& disp, const bool force_redraw=true) {
-      return resize(disp._width,disp._height,force_redraw);
-    }
-
-    // [internal] Render pixel buffer with size (wd,hd) from source buffer of size (ws,hs).
-    template<typename t, typename T>
-    static void _render_resize(const T *ptrs, const unsigned int ws, const unsigned int hs,
-                               t *ptrd, const unsigned int wd, const unsigned int hd) {
-      unsigned int *const offx = new unsigned int[wd], *const offy = new unsigned int[hd+1], *poffx, *poffy;
-      float s, curr, old;
-      s = (float)ws/wd;
-      poffx = offx; curr = 0; for (unsigned int x = 0; x<wd; ++x) {
-        old = curr; curr+=s; *(poffx++) = (unsigned int)curr - (unsigned int)old;
-      }
-      s = (float)hs/hd;
-      poffy = offy; curr = 0; for (unsigned int y = 0; y<hd; ++y) {
-        old = curr; curr+=s; *(poffy++) = ws*((unsigned int)curr - (unsigned int)old);
-      }
-      *poffy = 0;
-      poffy = offy;
-      for (unsigned int y = 0; y<hd; ) {
-        const T *ptr = ptrs;
-        poffx = offx;
-        for (unsigned int x = 0; x<wd; ++x) { *(ptrd++) = *ptr; ptr+=*(poffx++); }
-        ++y;
-        unsigned int dy = *(poffy++);
-        for ( ; !dy && y<hd; std::memcpy(ptrd,ptrd - wd,sizeof(t)*wd), ++y, ptrd+=wd, dy = *(poffy++)) {}
-        ptrs+=dy;
-      }
-      delete[] offx; delete[] offy;
-    }
-
-    //! Set normalization type.
-    /**
-       \param normalization New normalization mode.
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& set_normalization(const unsigned int normalization) {
-      _normalization = normalization;
-      _min = _max = 0;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-#if cimg_display==0
-
-    //! Set title of the associated window.
-    /**
-       \param format C-string containing the format of the title, as with <tt>std::printf()</tt>.
-       \warning As the first argument is a format string, it is highly recommended to write
-       \code
-       disp.set_title("%s",window_title);
-       \endcode
-       instead of
-       \code
-       disp.set_title(window_title);
-       \endcode
-       if \c window_title can be arbitrary, to prevent nasty memory access.
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& set_title(const char *const format, ...) {
-      return assign(0,0,format);
-    }
-
-#endif
-
-    //! Enable or disable fullscreen mode.
-    /**
-       \param is_fullscreen Tells is the fullscreen mode must be activated or not.
-       \param force_redraw Tells if the previous window content must be displayed as well.
-       \note
-       - When the fullscreen mode is enabled, the associated window fills the entire screen but the size of the
-       current display is not modified.
-       - The screen resolution may be switched to fit the associated window size and ensure it appears the largest
-       as possible.
-       For X-Window (X11) users, the configuration flag \c cimg_use_xrandr has to be set to allow the screen
-       resolution change (requires the X11 extensions to be enabled).
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& set_fullscreen(const bool is_fullscreen, const bool force_redraw=true) {
-      if (is_empty() || _is_fullscreen==is_fullscreen) return *this;
-      return toggle_fullscreen(force_redraw);
-    }
-
-#if cimg_display==0
-
-    //! Toggle fullscreen mode.
-    /**
-       \param force_redraw Tells if the previous window content must be displayed as well.
-       \note Enable fullscreen mode if it was not enabled, and disable it otherwise.
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& toggle_fullscreen(const bool force_redraw=true) {
-      return assign(_width,_height,0,3,force_redraw);
-    }
-
-    //! Show mouse pointer.
-    /**
-       \note Depending on the window manager behavior, this method may not succeed
-       (no exceptions are thrown nevertheless).
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& show_mouse() {
-      return assign();
-    }
-
-    //! Hide mouse pointer.
-    /**
-       \note Depending on the window manager behavior, this method may not succeed
-       (no exceptions are thrown nevertheless).
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& hide_mouse() {
-      return assign();
-    }
-
-    //! Move mouse pointer to a specified location.
-    /**
-       \note Depending on the window manager behavior, this method may not succeed
-       (no exceptions are thrown nevertheless).
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& set_mouse(const int pos_x, const int pos_y) {
-      return assign(pos_x,pos_y);
-    }
-
-#endif
-
-    //! Simulate a mouse button release event.
-    /**
-       \note All mouse buttons are considered released at the same time.
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& set_button() {
-      _button = 0;
-      _is_event = true;
-#if cimg_display==1
-      pthread_cond_broadcast(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event);
-#elif cimg_display==2
-      SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
-#endif
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Simulate a mouse button press or release event.
-    /**
-       \param button Buttons event code, where each button is associated to a single bit.
-       \param is_pressed Tells if the mouse button is considered as pressed or released.
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& set_button(const unsigned int button, const bool is_pressed=true) {
-      const unsigned int buttoncode = button==1?1:button==2?2:button==3?4:0;
-      if (is_pressed) _button |= buttoncode; else _button &= ~buttoncode;
-      _is_event = buttoncode?true:false;
-      if (buttoncode) {
-#if cimg_display==1
-        pthread_cond_broadcast(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event);
-#elif cimg_display==2
-        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
-#endif
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Flush all mouse wheel events.
-    /**
-       \note Make wheel() to return \c 0, if called afterwards.
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& set_wheel() {
-      _wheel = 0;
-      _is_event = true;
-#if cimg_display==1
-      pthread_cond_broadcast(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event);
-#elif cimg_display==2
-      SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
-#endif
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Simulate a wheel event.
-    /**
-       \param amplitude Amplitude of the wheel scrolling to simulate.
-       \note Make wheel() to return \c amplitude, if called afterwards.
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& set_wheel(const int amplitude) {
-      _wheel+=amplitude;
-      _is_event = amplitude?true:false;
-      if (amplitude) {
-#if cimg_display==1
-        pthread_cond_broadcast(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event);
-#elif cimg_display==2
-        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
-#endif
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Flush all key events.
-    /**
-       \note Make key() to return \c 0, if called afterwards.
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& set_key() {
-      std::memset((void*)_keys,0,sizeof(_keys));
-      std::memset((void*)_released_keys,0,sizeof(_released_keys));
-      _is_keyESC = _is_keyF1 = _is_keyF2 = _is_keyF3 = _is_keyF4 = _is_keyF5 = _is_keyF6 = _is_keyF7 = _is_keyF8 =
-        _is_keyF9 = _is_keyF10 = _is_keyF11 = _is_keyF12 = _is_keyPAUSE = _is_key1 = _is_key2 = _is_key3 = _is_key4 =
-        _is_key5 = _is_key6 = _is_key7 = _is_key8 = _is_key9 = _is_key0 = _is_keyBACKSPACE = _is_keyINSERT =
-        _is_keyHOME = _is_keyPAGEUP = _is_keyTAB = _is_keyQ = _is_keyW = _is_keyE = _is_keyR = _is_keyT = _is_keyY =
-        _is_keyU = _is_keyI = _is_keyO = _is_keyP = _is_keyDELETE = _is_keyEND = _is_keyPAGEDOWN = _is_keyCAPSLOCK =
-        _is_keyA = _is_keyS = _is_keyD = _is_keyF = _is_keyG = _is_keyH = _is_keyJ = _is_keyK = _is_keyL =
-        _is_keyENTER = _is_keySHIFTLEFT = _is_keyZ = _is_keyX = _is_keyC = _is_keyV = _is_keyB = _is_keyN =
-        _is_keyM = _is_keySHIFTRIGHT = _is_keyARROWUP = _is_keyCTRLLEFT = _is_keyAPPLEFT = _is_keyALT = _is_keySPACE =
-        _is_keyALTGR = _is_keyAPPRIGHT = _is_keyMENU = _is_keyCTRLRIGHT = _is_keyARROWLEFT = _is_keyARROWDOWN =
-        _is_keyARROWRIGHT = _is_keyPAD0 = _is_keyPAD1 = _is_keyPAD2 = _is_keyPAD3 = _is_keyPAD4 = _is_keyPAD5 =
-        _is_keyPAD6 = _is_keyPAD7 = _is_keyPAD8 = _is_keyPAD9 = _is_keyPADADD = _is_keyPADSUB = _is_keyPADMUL =
-        _is_keyPADDIV = false;
-      _is_event = true;
-#if cimg_display==1
-      pthread_cond_broadcast(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event);
-#elif cimg_display==2
-      SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
-#endif
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Simulate a keyboard press/release event.
-    /**
-       \param keycode Keycode of the associated key.
-       \param is_pressed Tells if the key is considered as pressed or released.
-       \note Keycode constants are defined in the cimg namespace and are architecture-dependent. Use them to ensure
-       your code stay portable (see cimg::keyESC).
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& set_key(const unsigned int keycode, const bool is_pressed=true) {
-#define _cimg_set_key(k) if (keycode==cimg::key##k) _is_key##k = is_pressed;
-      _cimg_set_key(ESC); _cimg_set_key(F1); _cimg_set_key(F2); _cimg_set_key(F3);
-      _cimg_set_key(F4); _cimg_set_key(F5); _cimg_set_key(F6); _cimg_set_key(F7);
-      _cimg_set_key(F8); _cimg_set_key(F9); _cimg_set_key(F10); _cimg_set_key(F11);
-      _cimg_set_key(F12); _cimg_set_key(PAUSE); _cimg_set_key(1); _cimg_set_key(2);
-      _cimg_set_key(3); _cimg_set_key(4); _cimg_set_key(5); _cimg_set_key(6);
-      _cimg_set_key(7); _cimg_set_key(8); _cimg_set_key(9); _cimg_set_key(0);
-      _cimg_set_key(BACKSPACE); _cimg_set_key(INSERT); _cimg_set_key(HOME);
-      _cimg_set_key(PAGEUP); _cimg_set_key(TAB); _cimg_set_key(Q); _cimg_set_key(W);
-      _cimg_set_key(E); _cimg_set_key(R); _cimg_set_key(T); _cimg_set_key(Y);
-      _cimg_set_key(U); _cimg_set_key(I); _cimg_set_key(O); _cimg_set_key(P);
-      _cimg_set_key(DELETE); _cimg_set_key(END); _cimg_set_key(PAGEDOWN);
-      _cimg_set_key(CAPSLOCK); _cimg_set_key(A); _cimg_set_key(S); _cimg_set_key(D);
-      _cimg_set_key(F); _cimg_set_key(G); _cimg_set_key(H); _cimg_set_key(J);
-      _cimg_set_key(K); _cimg_set_key(L); _cimg_set_key(ENTER);
-      _cimg_set_key(SHIFTLEFT); _cimg_set_key(Z); _cimg_set_key(X); _cimg_set_key(C);
-      _cimg_set_key(V); _cimg_set_key(B); _cimg_set_key(N); _cimg_set_key(M);
-      _cimg_set_key(SHIFTRIGHT); _cimg_set_key(ARROWUP); _cimg_set_key(CTRLLEFT);
-      _cimg_set_key(APPLEFT); _cimg_set_key(ALT); _cimg_set_key(SPACE); _cimg_set_key(ALTGR);
-      _cimg_set_key(APPRIGHT); _cimg_set_key(MENU); _cimg_set_key(CTRLRIGHT);
-      _cimg_set_key(ARROWLEFT); _cimg_set_key(ARROWDOWN); _cimg_set_key(ARROWRIGHT);
-      _cimg_set_key(PAD0); _cimg_set_key(PAD1); _cimg_set_key(PAD2);
-      _cimg_set_key(PAD3); _cimg_set_key(PAD4); _cimg_set_key(PAD5);
-      _cimg_set_key(PAD6); _cimg_set_key(PAD7); _cimg_set_key(PAD8);
-      _cimg_set_key(PAD9); _cimg_set_key(PADADD); _cimg_set_key(PADSUB);
-      _cimg_set_key(PADMUL); _cimg_set_key(PADDIV);
-      if (is_pressed) {
-        if (*_keys)
-          std::memmove((void*)(_keys+1),(void*)_keys,sizeof(_keys) - sizeof(unsigned int));
-        *_keys = keycode;
-        if (*_released_keys) {
-          std::memmove((void*)(_released_keys+1),(void*)_released_keys,sizeof(_released_keys) - sizeof(unsigned int));
-          *_released_keys = 0;
-        }
-      } else {
-        if (*_keys) {
-          std::memmove((void*)(_keys+1),(void*)_keys,sizeof(_keys) - sizeof(unsigned int));
-          *_keys = 0;
-        }
-        if (*_released_keys)
-          std::memmove((void*)(_released_keys+1),(void*)_released_keys,sizeof(_released_keys) - sizeof(unsigned int));
-        *_released_keys = keycode;
-      }
-      _is_event = keycode?true:false;
-      if (keycode) {
-#if cimg_display==1
-        pthread_cond_broadcast(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event);
-#elif cimg_display==2
-        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
-#endif
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Flush all display events.
-    /**
-       \note Remove all passed events from the current display.
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& flush() {
-      set_key().set_button().set_wheel();
-      _is_resized = _is_moved = _is_event = false;
-      _fps_timer = _fps_frames = _timer = 0;
-      _fps_fps = 0;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Wait for any user event occuring on the current display.
-    CImgDisplay& wait() {
-      wait(*this);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Wait for a given number of milliseconds since the last call to wait().
-    /**
-       \param milliseconds Number of milliseconds to wait for.
-       \note Similar to cimg::wait().
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& wait(const unsigned int milliseconds) {
-      cimg::_wait(milliseconds,_timer);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Wait for any event occuring on the display \c disp1.
-    static void wait(CImgDisplay& disp1) {
-      disp1._is_event = false;
-      while (!disp1._is_closed && !disp1._is_event) wait_all();
-    }
-
-    //! Wait for any event occuring either on the display \c disp1 or \c disp2.
-    static void wait(CImgDisplay& disp1, CImgDisplay& disp2) {
-      disp1._is_event = disp2._is_event = false;
-      while ((!disp1._is_closed || !disp2._is_closed) &&
-             !disp1._is_event && !disp2._is_event) wait_all();
-    }
-
-    //! Wait for any event occuring either on the display \c disp1, \c disp2 or \c disp3.
-    static void wait(CImgDisplay& disp1, CImgDisplay& disp2, CImgDisplay& disp3) {
-      disp1._is_event = disp2._is_event = disp3._is_event = false;
-      while ((!disp1._is_closed || !disp2._is_closed || !disp3._is_closed) &&
-             !disp1._is_event && !disp2._is_event && !disp3._is_event) wait_all();
-    }
-
-    //! Wait for any event occuring either on the display \c disp1, \c disp2, \c disp3 or \c disp4.
-    static void wait(CImgDisplay& disp1, CImgDisplay& disp2, CImgDisplay& disp3, CImgDisplay& disp4) {
-      disp1._is_event = disp2._is_event = disp3._is_event = disp4._is_event = false;
-      while ((!disp1._is_closed || !disp2._is_closed || !disp3._is_closed || !disp4._is_closed) &&
-             !disp1._is_event && !disp2._is_event && !disp3._is_event && !disp4._is_event) wait_all();
-    }
-
-    //! Wait for any event occuring either on the display \c disp1, \c disp2, \c disp3, \c disp4 or \c disp5.
-    static void wait(CImgDisplay& disp1, CImgDisplay& disp2, CImgDisplay& disp3, CImgDisplay& disp4,
-                     CImgDisplay& disp5) {
-      disp1._is_event = disp2._is_event = disp3._is_event = disp4._is_event = disp5._is_event = false;
-      while ((!disp1._is_closed || !disp2._is_closed || !disp3._is_closed || !disp4._is_closed || !disp5._is_closed) &&
-             !disp1._is_event && !disp2._is_event && !disp3._is_event && !disp4._is_event && !disp5._is_event)
-        wait_all();
-    }
-
-    //! Wait for any event occuring either on the display \c disp1, \c disp2, \c disp3, \c disp4, ... \c disp6.
-    static void wait(CImgDisplay& disp1, CImgDisplay& disp2, CImgDisplay& disp3, CImgDisplay& disp4, CImgDisplay& disp5,
-                     CImgDisplay& disp6) {
-      disp1._is_event = disp2._is_event = disp3._is_event = disp4._is_event = disp5._is_event =
-        disp6._is_event = false;
-      while ((!disp1._is_closed || !disp2._is_closed || !disp3._is_closed || !disp4._is_closed || !disp5._is_closed ||
-              !disp6._is_closed) &&
-             !disp1._is_event && !disp2._is_event && !disp3._is_event && !disp4._is_event && !disp5._is_event &&
-             !disp6._is_event) wait_all();
-    }
-
-    //! Wait for any event occuring either on the display \c disp1, \c disp2, \c disp3, \c disp4, ... \c disp7.
-    static void wait(CImgDisplay& disp1, CImgDisplay& disp2, CImgDisplay& disp3, CImgDisplay& disp4, CImgDisplay& disp5,
-                     CImgDisplay& disp6, CImgDisplay& disp7) {
-      disp1._is_event = disp2._is_event = disp3._is_event = disp4._is_event = disp5._is_event =
-        disp6._is_event = disp7._is_event = false;
-      while ((!disp1._is_closed || !disp2._is_closed || !disp3._is_closed || !disp4._is_closed || !disp5._is_closed ||
-              !disp6._is_closed || !disp7._is_closed) &&
-             !disp1._is_event && !disp2._is_event && !disp3._is_event && !disp4._is_event && !disp5._is_event &&
-             !disp6._is_event && !disp7._is_event) wait_all();
-    }
-
-    //! Wait for any event occuring either on the display \c disp1, \c disp2, \c disp3, \c disp4, ... \c disp8.
-    static void wait(CImgDisplay& disp1, CImgDisplay& disp2, CImgDisplay& disp3, CImgDisplay& disp4, CImgDisplay& disp5,
-                     CImgDisplay& disp6, CImgDisplay& disp7, CImgDisplay& disp8) {
-      disp1._is_event = disp2._is_event = disp3._is_event = disp4._is_event = disp5._is_event =
-        disp6._is_event = disp7._is_event = disp8._is_event = false;
-      while ((!disp1._is_closed || !disp2._is_closed || !disp3._is_closed || !disp4._is_closed || !disp5._is_closed ||
-              !disp6._is_closed || !disp7._is_closed || !disp8._is_closed) &&
-             !disp1._is_event && !disp2._is_event && !disp3._is_event && !disp4._is_event && !disp5._is_event &&
-             !disp6._is_event && !disp7._is_event && !disp8._is_event) wait_all();
-    }
-
-    //! Wait for any event occuring either on the display \c disp1, \c disp2, \c disp3, \c disp4, ... \c disp9.
-    static void wait(CImgDisplay& disp1, CImgDisplay& disp2, CImgDisplay& disp3, CImgDisplay& disp4, CImgDisplay& disp5,
-                     CImgDisplay& disp6, CImgDisplay& disp7, CImgDisplay& disp8, CImgDisplay& disp9) {
-      disp1._is_event = disp2._is_event = disp3._is_event = disp4._is_event = disp5._is_event =
-        disp6._is_event = disp7._is_event = disp8._is_event = disp9._is_event = false;
-      while ((!disp1._is_closed || !disp2._is_closed || !disp3._is_closed || !disp4._is_closed || !disp5._is_closed ||
-              !disp6._is_closed || !disp7._is_closed || !disp8._is_closed || !disp9._is_closed) &&
-             !disp1._is_event && !disp2._is_event && !disp3._is_event && !disp4._is_event && !disp5._is_event &&
-             !disp6._is_event && !disp7._is_event && !disp8._is_event && !disp9._is_event) wait_all();
-    }
-
-    //! Wait for any event occuring either on the display \c disp1, \c disp2, \c disp3, \c disp4, ... \c disp10.
-    static void wait(CImgDisplay& disp1, CImgDisplay& disp2, CImgDisplay& disp3, CImgDisplay& disp4, CImgDisplay& disp5,
-                     CImgDisplay& disp6, CImgDisplay& disp7, CImgDisplay& disp8, CImgDisplay& disp9,
-                     CImgDisplay& disp10) {
-      disp1._is_event = disp2._is_event = disp3._is_event = disp4._is_event = disp5._is_event =
-        disp6._is_event = disp7._is_event = disp8._is_event = disp9._is_event = disp10._is_event = false;
-      while ((!disp1._is_closed || !disp2._is_closed || !disp3._is_closed || !disp4._is_closed || !disp5._is_closed ||
-              !disp6._is_closed || !disp7._is_closed || !disp8._is_closed || !disp9._is_closed || !disp10._is_closed) &&
-             !disp1._is_event && !disp2._is_event && !disp3._is_event && !disp4._is_event && !disp5._is_event &&
-             !disp6._is_event && !disp7._is_event && !disp8._is_event && !disp9._is_event && !disp10._is_event)
-        wait_all();
-    }
-
-#if cimg_display==0
-
-    //! Wait for any window event occuring in any opened CImgDisplay.
-    static void wait_all() {
-      return _no_display_exception();
-    }
-
-    //! Render image into internal display buffer.
-    /**
-       \param img Input image data to render.
-       \note
-       - Convert image data representation into the internal display buffer (architecture-dependent structure).
-       - The content of the associated window is not modified, until paint() is called.
-       - Should not be used for common CImgDisplay uses, since display() is more useful.
-    **/
-    template<typename T>
-    CImgDisplay& render(const CImg<T>& img) {
-      return assign(img);
-    }
-
-    //! Paint internal display buffer on associated window.
-    /**
-       \note
-       - Update the content of the associated window with the internal display buffer, e.g. after a render() call.
-       - Should not be used for common CImgDisplay uses, since display() is more useful.
-    **/
-    CImgDisplay& paint() {
-      return assign();
-    }
-
-    //! Take a snapshot of the associated window content.
-    /**
-       \param[out] img Output snapshot. Can be empty on input.
-    **/
-    template<typename T>
-    const CImgDisplay& snapshot(CImg<T>& img) const {
-      cimg::unused(img);
-      _no_display_exception();
-      return *this;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    // X11-based implementation
-    //--------------------------
-#if cimg_display==1
-
-    Atom _wm_window_atom, _wm_protocol_atom;
-    Window _window, _background_window;
-    Colormap _colormap;
-    XImage *_image;
-    void *_data;
-#ifdef cimg_use_xshm
-    XShmSegmentInfo *_shminfo;
-#endif
-
-    static int screen_width() {
-      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
-      int res = 0;
-      if (!dpy) {
-        Display *const _dpy = XOpenDisplay(0);
-        if (!_dpy)
-          throw CImgDisplayException("CImgDisplay::screen_width(): Failed to open X11 display.");
-        res = DisplayWidth(_dpy,DefaultScreen(_dpy));
-        XCloseDisplay(_dpy);
-      } else {
-#ifdef cimg_use_xrandr
-        if (cimg::X11_attr().resolutions && cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution)
-          res = cimg::X11_attr().resolutions[cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution].width;
-        else res = DisplayWidth(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy));
-#else
-        res = DisplayWidth(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy));
-#endif
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    static int screen_height() {
-      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
-      int res = 0;
-      if (!dpy) {
-        Display *const _dpy = XOpenDisplay(0);
-        if (!_dpy)
-          throw CImgDisplayException("CImgDisplay::screen_height(): Failed to open X11 display.");
-        res = DisplayHeight(_dpy,DefaultScreen(_dpy));
-        XCloseDisplay(_dpy);
-      } else {
-#ifdef cimg_use_xrandr
-        if (cimg::X11_attr().resolutions && cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution)
-          res = cimg::X11_attr().resolutions[cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution].height;
-        else res = DisplayHeight(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy));
-#else
-        res = DisplayHeight(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy));
-#endif
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    static void wait_all() {
-      if (!cimg::X11_attr().display) return;
-      if (cimg::mutex(13,2)) { cimg::sleep(10); return; }
-      pthread_cond_wait(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event,&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event_mutex);
-      cimg::mutex(13,0);
-    }
-
-    void _handle_events(const XEvent *const pevent) {
-      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
-      XEvent event = *pevent;
-      switch (event.type) {
-      case ClientMessage : {
-        if ((int)event.xclient.message_type==(int)_wm_protocol_atom &&
-            (int)event.xclient.data.l[0]==(int)_wm_window_atom) {
-          XUnmapWindow(cimg::X11_attr().display,_window);
-          _is_closed = _is_event = true;
-          pthread_cond_broadcast(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event);
-        }
-      } break;
-      case ConfigureNotify : {
-        while (XCheckWindowEvent(dpy,_window,StructureNotifyMask,&event)) {}
-        const unsigned int nw = event.xconfigure.width, nh = event.xconfigure.height;
-        const int nx = event.xconfigure.x, ny = event.xconfigure.y;
-        if (nw && nh && (nw!=_window_width || nh!=_window_height)) {
-          _window_width = nw; _window_height = nh; _mouse_x = _mouse_y = -1;
-          XResizeWindow(dpy,_window,_window_width,_window_height);
-          _is_resized = _is_event = true;
-          pthread_cond_broadcast(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event);
-        }
-        if (nx!=_window_x || ny!=_window_y) {
-          _window_x = nx; _window_y = ny; _is_moved = _is_event = true;
-          pthread_cond_broadcast(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event);
-        }
-      } break;
-      case Expose : {
-        while (XCheckWindowEvent(dpy,_window,ExposureMask,&event)) {}
-        _paint(false);
-        if (_is_fullscreen) {
-          XWindowAttributes attr;
-          XGetWindowAttributes(dpy,_window,&attr);
-          while (attr.map_state!=IsViewable) XSync(dpy,0);
-          XSetInputFocus(dpy,_window,RevertToParent,CurrentTime);
-        }
-      } break;
-      case ButtonPress : {
-        do {
-          _mouse_x = event.xmotion.x; _mouse_y = event.xmotion.y;
-          if (_mouse_x<0 || _mouse_y<0 || _mouse_x>=width() || _mouse_y>=height()) _mouse_x = _mouse_y = -1;
-          switch (event.xbutton.button) {
-          case 1 : set_button(1); break;
-          case 3 : set_button(2); break;
-          case 2 : set_button(3); break;
-          }
-        } while (XCheckWindowEvent(dpy,_window,ButtonPressMask,&event));
-      } break;
-      case ButtonRelease : {
-        do {
-          _mouse_x = event.xmotion.x; _mouse_y = event.xmotion.y;
-          if (_mouse_x<0 || _mouse_y<0 || _mouse_x>=width() || _mouse_y>=height()) _mouse_x = _mouse_y = -1;
-          switch (event.xbutton.button) {
-          case 1 : set_button(1,false); break;
-          case 3 : set_button(2,false); break;
-          case 2 : set_button(3,false); break;
-          case 4 : set_wheel(1); break;
-          case 5 : set_wheel(-1); break;
-          }
-        } while (XCheckWindowEvent(dpy,_window,ButtonReleaseMask,&event));
-      } break;
-      case KeyPress : {
-        char tmp = 0; KeySym ksym;
-        XLookupString(&event.xkey,&tmp,1,&ksym,0);
-        set_key((unsigned int)ksym,true);
-      } break;
-      case KeyRelease : {
-        char keys_return[32];  // Check that the key has been physically unpressed.
-        XQueryKeymap(dpy,keys_return);
-        const unsigned int kc = event.xkey.keycode, kc1 = kc/8, kc2 = kc%8;
-        const bool is_key_pressed = kc1>=32?false:(keys_return[kc1]>>kc2)&1;
-        if (!is_key_pressed) {
-          char tmp = 0; KeySym ksym;
-          XLookupString(&event.xkey,&tmp,1,&ksym,0);
-          set_key((unsigned int)ksym,false);
-        }
-      } break;
-      case EnterNotify: {
-        while (XCheckWindowEvent(dpy,_window,EnterWindowMask,&event)) {}
-        _mouse_x = event.xmotion.x;
-        _mouse_y = event.xmotion.y;
-        if (_mouse_x<0 || _mouse_y<0 || _mouse_x>=width() || _mouse_y>=height()) _mouse_x = _mouse_y = -1;
-      } break;
-      case LeaveNotify : {
-        while (XCheckWindowEvent(dpy,_window,LeaveWindowMask,&event)) {}
-        _mouse_x = _mouse_y =-1; _is_event = true;
-        pthread_cond_broadcast(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event);
-      } break;
-      case MotionNotify : {
-        while (XCheckWindowEvent(dpy,_window,PointerMotionMask,&event)) {}
-        _mouse_x = event.xmotion.x;
-        _mouse_y = event.xmotion.y;
-        if (_mouse_x<0 || _mouse_y<0 || _mouse_x>=width() || _mouse_y>=height()) _mouse_x = _mouse_y = -1;
-        _is_event = true;
-        pthread_cond_broadcast(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event);
-      } break;
-      }
-    }
-
-    static void* _events_thread(void *arg) { // Thread to manage events for all opened display windows.
-      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
-      XEvent event;
-      pthread_setcanceltype(PTHREAD_CANCEL_DEFERRED,0);
-      pthread_setcancelstate(PTHREAD_CANCEL_ENABLE,0);
-      if (!arg) for (;;) {
-        XLockDisplay(dpy);
-        bool event_flag = XCheckTypedEvent(dpy,ClientMessage,&event);
-        if (!event_flag) event_flag = XCheckMaskEvent(dpy,
-                                                      ExposureMask | StructureNotifyMask | ButtonPressMask |
-                                                      KeyPressMask | PointerMotionMask | EnterWindowMask |
-                                                      LeaveWindowMask | ButtonReleaseMask | KeyReleaseMask,&event);
-        if (event_flag)
-          for (unsigned int i = 0; i<cimg::X11_attr().nb_wins; ++i)
-            if (!cimg::X11_attr().wins[i]->_is_closed && event.xany.window==cimg::X11_attr().wins[i]->_window)
-              cimg::X11_attr().wins[i]->_handle_events(&event);
-        XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
-        pthread_testcancel();
-        cimg::sleep(8);
-      }
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-    void _set_colormap(Colormap& _colormap, const unsigned int dim) {
-      XColor colormap[256];
-      switch (dim) {
-      case 1 : { // colormap for greyscale images
-        for (unsigned int index = 0; index<256; ++index) {
-          colormap[index].pixel = index;
-          colormap[index].red = colormap[index].green = colormap[index].blue = (unsigned short)(index<<8);
-          colormap[index].flags = DoRed | DoGreen | DoBlue;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 2 : { // colormap for RG images
-        for (unsigned int index = 0, r = 8; r<256; r+=16)
-          for (unsigned int g = 8; g<256; g+=16) {
-            colormap[index].pixel = index;
-            colormap[index].red = colormap[index].blue = (unsigned short)(r<<8);
-            colormap[index].green = (unsigned short)(g<<8);
-            colormap[index++].flags = DoRed | DoGreen | DoBlue;
-          }
-      } break;
-      default : { // colormap for RGB images
-        for (unsigned int index = 0, r = 16; r<256; r+=32)
-          for (unsigned int g = 16; g<256; g+=32)
-            for (unsigned int b = 32; b<256; b+=64) {
-              colormap[index].pixel = index;
-              colormap[index].red = (unsigned short)(r<<8);
-              colormap[index].green = (unsigned short)(g<<8);
-              colormap[index].blue = (unsigned short)(b<<8);
-              colormap[index++].flags = DoRed | DoGreen | DoBlue;
-            }
-      }
-      }
-      XStoreColors(cimg::X11_attr().display,_colormap,colormap,256);
-    }
-
-    void _map_window() {
-      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
-      bool is_exposed = false, is_mapped = false;
-      XWindowAttributes attr;
-      XEvent event;
-      XMapRaised(dpy,_window);
-      do { // Wait for the window to be mapped.
-        XWindowEvent(dpy,_window,StructureNotifyMask | ExposureMask,&event);
-        switch (event.type) {
-        case MapNotify : is_mapped = true; break;
-        case Expose : is_exposed = true; break;
-        }
-      } while (!is_exposed || !is_mapped);
-      do { // Wait for the window to be visible.
-        XGetWindowAttributes(dpy,_window,&attr);
-        if (attr.map_state!=IsViewable) { XSync(dpy,0); cimg::sleep(10); }
-      } while (attr.map_state!=IsViewable);
-      _window_x = attr.x;
-      _window_y = attr.y;
-    }
-
-    void _paint(const bool wait_expose=true) {
-      if (_is_closed || !_image) return;
-      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
-      if (wait_expose) { // Send an expose event sticked to display window to force repaint.
-        XEvent event;
-        event.xexpose.type = Expose;
-        event.xexpose.serial = 0;
-        event.xexpose.send_event = 1;
-        event.xexpose.display = dpy;
-        event.xexpose.window = _window;
-        event.xexpose.x = 0;
-        event.xexpose.y = 0;
-        event.xexpose.width = width();
-        event.xexpose.height = height();
-        event.xexpose.count = 0;
-        XSendEvent(dpy,_window,0,0,&event);
-      } else { // Repaint directly (may be called from the expose event).
-        GC gc = DefaultGC(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy));
-#ifdef cimg_use_xshm
-        if (_shminfo) XShmPutImage(dpy,_window,gc,_image,0,0,0,0,_width,_height,1);
-        else XPutImage(dpy,_window,gc,_image,0,0,0,0,_width,_height);
-#else
-        XPutImage(dpy,_window,gc,_image,0,0,0,0,_width,_height);
-#endif
-      }
-    }
-
-    template<typename T>
-    void _resize(T pixel_type, const unsigned int ndimx, const unsigned int ndimy, const bool force_redraw) {
-      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
-      cimg::unused(pixel_type);
-
-#ifdef cimg_use_xshm
-      if (_shminfo) {
-        XShmSegmentInfo *const nshminfo = new XShmSegmentInfo;
-        XImage *const nimage = XShmCreateImage(dpy,DefaultVisual(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy)),
-                                               cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits,ZPixmap,0,nshminfo,ndimx,ndimy);
-        if (!nimage) { delete nshminfo; return; }
-        else {
-          nshminfo->shmid = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE,ndimx*ndimy*sizeof(T),IPC_CREAT | 0777);
-          if (nshminfo->shmid==-1) { XDestroyImage(nimage); delete nshminfo; return; }
-          else {
-            nshminfo->shmaddr = nimage->data = (char*)shmat(nshminfo->shmid,0,0);
-            if (nshminfo->shmaddr==(char*)-1) {
-              shmctl(nshminfo->shmid,IPC_RMID,0); XDestroyImage(nimage); delete nshminfo; return;
-            } else {
-              nshminfo->readOnly = 0;
-              cimg::X11_attr().is_shm_enabled = true;
-              XErrorHandler oldXErrorHandler = XSetErrorHandler(_assign_xshm);
-              XShmAttach(dpy,nshminfo);
-              XFlush(dpy);
-              XSetErrorHandler(oldXErrorHandler);
-              if (!cimg::X11_attr().is_shm_enabled) {
-                shmdt(nshminfo->shmaddr);
-                shmctl(nshminfo->shmid,IPC_RMID,0);
-                XDestroyImage(nimage);
-                delete nshminfo;
-                return;
-              } else {
-                T *const ndata = (T*)nimage->data;
-                if (force_redraw) _render_resize((T*)_data,_width,_height,ndata,ndimx,ndimy);
-                else std::memset(ndata,0,sizeof(T)*ndimx*ndimy);
-                XShmDetach(dpy,_shminfo);
-                XDestroyImage(_image);
-                shmdt(_shminfo->shmaddr);
-                shmctl(_shminfo->shmid,IPC_RMID,0);
-                delete _shminfo;
-                _shminfo = nshminfo;
-                _image = nimage;
-                _data = (void*)ndata;
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      } else
-#endif
-        {
-          T *ndata = (T*)std::malloc(ndimx*ndimy*sizeof(T));
-          if (force_redraw) _render_resize((T*)_data,_width,_height,ndata,ndimx,ndimy);
-          else std::memset(ndata,0,sizeof(T)*ndimx*ndimy);
-          _data = (void*)ndata;
-          XDestroyImage(_image);
-          _image = XCreateImage(dpy,DefaultVisual(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy)),
-                                cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits,ZPixmap,0,(char*)_data,ndimx,ndimy,8,0);
-        }
-    }
-
-    void _init_fullscreen() {
-      if (!_is_fullscreen || _is_closed) return;
-      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
-      _background_window = 0;
-
-#ifdef cimg_use_xrandr
-      int foo;
-      if (XRRQueryExtension(dpy,&foo,&foo)) {
-        XRRRotations(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy),&cimg::X11_attr().curr_rotation);
-        if (!cimg::X11_attr().resolutions) {
-          cimg::X11_attr().resolutions = XRRSizes(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy),&foo);
-          cimg::X11_attr().nb_resolutions = (unsigned int)foo;
-        }
-        if (cimg::X11_attr().resolutions) {
-          cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution = 0;
-          for (unsigned int i = 0; i<cimg::X11_attr().nb_resolutions; ++i) {
-            const unsigned int
-              nw = (unsigned int)(cimg::X11_attr().resolutions[i].width),
-              nh = (unsigned int)(cimg::X11_attr().resolutions[i].height);
-            if (nw>=_width && nh>=_height &&
-                nw<=(unsigned int)(cimg::X11_attr().resolutions[cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution].width) &&
-                nh<=(unsigned int)(cimg::X11_attr().resolutions[cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution].height))
-              cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution = i;
-          }
-          if (cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution>0) {
-            XRRScreenConfiguration *config = XRRGetScreenInfo(dpy,DefaultRootWindow(dpy));
-            XRRSetScreenConfig(dpy,config,DefaultRootWindow(dpy),
-                               cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution,cimg::X11_attr().curr_rotation,CurrentTime);
-            XRRFreeScreenConfigInfo(config);
-            XSync(dpy,0);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      if (!cimg::X11_attr().resolutions)
-        cimg::warn(_cimgdisplay_instance
-                   "init_fullscreen(): Xrandr extension not supported by the X server.",
-                   cimgdisplay_instance);
-#endif
-
-      const unsigned int sx = screen_width(), sy = screen_height();
-      if (sx==_width && sy==_height) return;
-      XSetWindowAttributes winattr;
-      winattr.override_redirect = 1;
-      _background_window = XCreateWindow(dpy,DefaultRootWindow(dpy),0,0,sx,sy,0,0,
-                                         InputOutput,CopyFromParent,CWOverrideRedirect,&winattr);
-      const unsigned long buf_size = (unsigned long)sx*sy*(cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==8?1:
-                                                           (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==16?2:4));
-      void *background_data = std::malloc(buf_size);
-      std::memset(background_data,0,buf_size);
-      XImage *background_image = XCreateImage(dpy,DefaultVisual(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy)),cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits,
-                                              ZPixmap,0,(char*)background_data,sx,sy,8,0);
-      XEvent event;
-      XSelectInput(dpy,_background_window,StructureNotifyMask);
-      XMapRaised(dpy,_background_window);
-      do XWindowEvent(dpy,_background_window,StructureNotifyMask,&event);
-      while (event.type!=MapNotify);
-      GC gc = DefaultGC(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy));
-#ifdef cimg_use_xshm
-      if (_shminfo) XShmPutImage(dpy,_background_window,gc,background_image,0,0,0,0,sx,sy,0);
-      else XPutImage(dpy,_background_window,gc,background_image,0,0,0,0,sx,sy);
-#else
-      XPutImage(dpy,_background_window,gc,background_image,0,0,0,0,sx,sy);
-#endif
-      XWindowAttributes attr;
-      XGetWindowAttributes(dpy,_background_window,&attr);
-      while (attr.map_state!=IsViewable) XSync(dpy,0);
-      XDestroyImage(background_image);
-    }
-
-    void _desinit_fullscreen() {
-      if (!_is_fullscreen) return;
-      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
-      XUngrabKeyboard(dpy,CurrentTime);
-#ifdef cimg_use_xrandr
-      if (cimg::X11_attr().resolutions && cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution) {
-        XRRScreenConfiguration *config = XRRGetScreenInfo(dpy,DefaultRootWindow(dpy));
-        XRRSetScreenConfig(dpy,config,DefaultRootWindow(dpy),0,cimg::X11_attr().curr_rotation,CurrentTime);
-        XRRFreeScreenConfigInfo(config);
-        XSync(dpy,0);
-        cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution = 0;
-      }
-#endif
-      if (_background_window) XDestroyWindow(dpy,_background_window);
-      _background_window = 0;
-      _is_fullscreen = false;
-    }
-
-    static int _assign_xshm(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *error) {
-      cimg::unused(dpy,error);
-      cimg::X11_attr().is_shm_enabled = false;
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-    void _assign(const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh, const char *const ptitle=0,
-                 const unsigned int normalization_type=3,
-                 const bool fullscreen_flag=false, const bool closed_flag=false) {
-      cimg::mutex(14);
-
-      // Allocate space for window title
-      const char *const nptitle = ptitle?ptitle:"";
-      const unsigned int s = std::strlen(nptitle) + 1;
-      char *const tmp_title = s?new char[s]:0;
-      if (s) std::memcpy(tmp_title,nptitle,s*sizeof(char));
-
-      // Destroy previous display window if existing
-      if (!is_empty()) assign();
-
-      // Open X11 display and retrieve graphical properties.
-      Display* &dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
-      if (!dpy) {
-        dpy = XOpenDisplay(0);
-        if (!dpy)
-          throw CImgDisplayException(_cimgdisplay_instance
-                                     "assign(): Failed to open X11 display.",
-                                     cimgdisplay_instance);
-
-        cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits = DefaultDepth(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy));
-        if (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits!=8 && cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits!=16 &&
-            cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits!=24 && cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits!=32)
-          throw CImgDisplayException(_cimgdisplay_instance
-                                     "assign(): Invalid %u bits screen mode detected "
-                                     "(only 8, 16, 24 and 32 bits modes are managed).",
-                                     cimgdisplay_instance,
-                                     cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits);
-        XVisualInfo vtemplate;
-        vtemplate.visualid = XVisualIDFromVisual(DefaultVisual(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy)));
-        int nb_visuals;
-        XVisualInfo *vinfo = XGetVisualInfo(dpy,VisualIDMask,&vtemplate,&nb_visuals);
-        if (vinfo && vinfo->red_mask<vinfo->blue_mask) cimg::X11_attr().is_blue_first = true;
-        cimg::X11_attr().byte_order = ImageByteOrder(dpy);
-	XFree(vinfo);
-
-        XLockDisplay(dpy);
-        cimg::X11_attr().events_thread = new pthread_t;
-        pthread_create(cimg::X11_attr().events_thread,0,_events_thread,0);
-      } else XLockDisplay(dpy);
-
-      // Set display variables.
-      _width = cimg::min(dimw,(unsigned int)screen_width());
-      _height = cimg::min(dimh,(unsigned int)screen_height());
-      _normalization = normalization_type<4?normalization_type:3;
-      _is_fullscreen = fullscreen_flag;
-      _window_x = _window_y = 0;
-      _is_closed = closed_flag;
-      _title = tmp_title;
-      flush();
-
-      // Create X11 window (and LUT, if 8bits display)
-      if (_is_fullscreen) {
-        if (!_is_closed) _init_fullscreen();
-        const unsigned int sx = screen_width(), sy = screen_height();
-        XSetWindowAttributes winattr;
-        winattr.override_redirect = 1;
-        _window = XCreateWindow(dpy,DefaultRootWindow(dpy),(sx-_width)/2,(sy-_height)/2,_width,_height,0,0,
-                                InputOutput,CopyFromParent,CWOverrideRedirect,&winattr);
-      } else
-        _window = XCreateSimpleWindow(dpy,DefaultRootWindow(dpy),0,0,_width,_height,0,0L,0L);
-
-      XSelectInput(dpy,_window,
-		   ExposureMask | StructureNotifyMask | ButtonPressMask | KeyPressMask | PointerMotionMask |
-		   EnterWindowMask | LeaveWindowMask | ButtonReleaseMask | KeyReleaseMask);
-
-      XStoreName(dpy,_window,_title?_title:" ");
-      if (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==8) {
-        _colormap = XCreateColormap(dpy,_window,DefaultVisual(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy)),AllocAll);
-        _set_colormap(_colormap,3);
-        XSetWindowColormap(dpy,_window,_colormap);
-      }
-
-      static const char *const _window_class = cimg_appname;
-      XClassHint *const window_class = XAllocClassHint();
-      window_class->res_name = (char*)_window_class;
-      window_class->res_class = (char*)_window_class;
-      XSetClassHint(dpy,_window,window_class);
-      XFree(window_class);
-
-      _window_width = _width;
-      _window_height = _height;
-
-      // Create XImage
-#ifdef cimg_use_xshm
-      _shminfo = 0;
-      if (XShmQueryExtension(dpy)) {
-        _shminfo = new XShmSegmentInfo;
-        _image = XShmCreateImage(dpy,DefaultVisual(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy)),cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits,
-                                 ZPixmap,0,_shminfo,_width,_height);
-        if (!_image) { delete _shminfo; _shminfo = 0; }
-        else {
-          _shminfo->shmid = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE,_image->bytes_per_line*_image->height,IPC_CREAT|0777);
-          if (_shminfo->shmid==-1) { XDestroyImage(_image); delete _shminfo; _shminfo = 0; }
-          else {
-            _shminfo->shmaddr = _image->data = (char*)(_data = shmat(_shminfo->shmid,0,0));
-            if (_shminfo->shmaddr==(char*)-1) {
-              shmctl(_shminfo->shmid,IPC_RMID,0); XDestroyImage(_image); delete _shminfo; _shminfo = 0;
-            } else {
-              _shminfo->readOnly = 0;
-              cimg::X11_attr().is_shm_enabled = true;
-              XErrorHandler oldXErrorHandler = XSetErrorHandler(_assign_xshm);
-              XShmAttach(dpy,_shminfo);
-              XSync(dpy,0);
-              XSetErrorHandler(oldXErrorHandler);
-              if (!cimg::X11_attr().is_shm_enabled) {
-                shmdt(_shminfo->shmaddr); shmctl(_shminfo->shmid,IPC_RMID,0); XDestroyImage(_image);
-                delete _shminfo; _shminfo = 0;
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      if (!_shminfo)
-#endif
-        {
-          const unsigned long buf_size = (unsigned long)_width*_height*(cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==8?1:
-                                                                        (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==16?2:4));
-          _data = std::malloc(buf_size);
-          _image = XCreateImage(dpy,DefaultVisual(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy)),cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits,
-                                ZPixmap,0,(char*)_data,_width,_height,8,0);
-        }
-
-      _wm_window_atom = XInternAtom(dpy,"WM_DELETE_WINDOW",0);
-      _wm_protocol_atom = XInternAtom(dpy,"WM_PROTOCOLS",0);
-      XSetWMProtocols(dpy,_window,&_wm_window_atom,1);
-
-      if (_is_fullscreen) XGrabKeyboard(dpy,_window,1,GrabModeAsync,GrabModeAsync,CurrentTime);
-      cimg::X11_attr().wins[cimg::X11_attr().nb_wins++]=this;
-      if (!_is_closed) _map_window(); else { _window_x = _window_y = cimg::type<int>::min(); }
-      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
-      cimg::mutex(14,0);
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& assign() {
-      if (is_empty()) return flush();
-      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
-      XLockDisplay(dpy);
-
-      // Remove display window from event thread list.
-      unsigned int i;
-      for (i = 0; i<cimg::X11_attr().nb_wins && cimg::X11_attr().wins[i]!=this; ++i) {}
-      for (; i<cimg::X11_attr().nb_wins-1; ++i) cimg::X11_attr().wins[i] = cimg::X11_attr().wins[i+1];
-      --cimg::X11_attr().nb_wins;
-
-      // Destroy window, image, colormap and title.
-      if (_is_fullscreen && !_is_closed) _desinit_fullscreen();
-      XDestroyWindow(dpy,_window);
-      _window = 0;
-#ifdef cimg_use_xshm
-      if (_shminfo) {
-        XShmDetach(dpy,_shminfo);
-        XDestroyImage(_image);
-        shmdt(_shminfo->shmaddr);
-        shmctl(_shminfo->shmid,IPC_RMID,0);
-        delete _shminfo;
-        _shminfo = 0;
-      } else
-#endif
-        XDestroyImage(_image);
-      _data = 0; _image = 0;
-      if (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==8) XFreeColormap(dpy,_colormap);
-      _colormap = 0;
-      XSync(dpy,0);
-
-      // Reset display variables.
-      delete[] _title;
-      _width = _height = _normalization = _window_width = _window_height = 0;
-      _window_x = _window_y = 0;
-      _is_fullscreen = false;
-      _is_closed = true;
-      _min = _max = 0;
-      _title = 0;
-      flush();
-
-      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& assign(const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh, const char *const title=0,
-                        const unsigned int normalization_type=3,
-                        const bool fullscreen_flag=false, const bool closed_flag=false) {
-      if (!dimw || !dimh) return assign();
-      _assign(dimw,dimh,title,normalization_type,fullscreen_flag,closed_flag);
-      _min = _max = 0;
-      std::memset(_data,0,(cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==8?sizeof(unsigned char):
-                           (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==16?sizeof(unsigned short):sizeof(unsigned int)))*
-                  (unsigned long)_width*_height);
-      return paint();
-    }
-
-    template<typename T>
-    CImgDisplay& assign(const CImg<T>& img, const char *const title=0,
-                        const unsigned int normalization_type=3,
-                        const bool fullscreen_flag=false, const bool closed_flag=false) {
-      if (!img) return assign();
-      CImg<T> tmp;
-      const CImg<T>& nimg = (img._depth==1)?img:(tmp=img.get_projections2d((img._width-1)/2,
-                                                                           (img._height-1)/2,
-                                                                           (img._depth-1)/2));
-      _assign(nimg._width,nimg._height,title,normalization_type,fullscreen_flag,closed_flag);
-      if (_normalization==2) _min = (float)nimg.min_max(_max);
-      return render(nimg).paint();
-    }
-
-    template<typename T>
-    CImgDisplay& assign(const CImgList<T>& list, const char *const title=0,
-                        const unsigned int normalization_type=3,
-                        const bool fullscreen_flag=false, const bool closed_flag=false) {
-      if (!list) return assign();
-      CImg<T> tmp;
-      const CImg<T> img = list>'x', &nimg = (img._depth==1)?img:(tmp=img.get_projections2d((img._width-1)/2,
-                                                                                           (img._height-1)/2,
-                                                                                           (img._depth-1)/2));
-      _assign(nimg._width,nimg._height,title,normalization_type,fullscreen_flag,closed_flag);
-      if (_normalization==2) _min = (float)nimg.min_max(_max);
-      return render(nimg).paint();
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& assign(const CImgDisplay& disp) {
-      if (!disp) return assign();
-      _assign(disp._width,disp._height,disp._title,disp._normalization,disp._is_fullscreen,disp._is_closed);
-      std::memcpy(_data,disp._data,(cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==8?sizeof(unsigned char):
-                                    cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==16?sizeof(unsigned short):
-                                    sizeof(unsigned int))*(unsigned long)_width*_height);
-      return paint();
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& resize(const int nwidth, const int nheight, const bool force_redraw=true) {
-      if (!nwidth || !nheight || (is_empty() && (nwidth<0 || nheight<0))) return assign();
-      if (is_empty()) return assign(nwidth,nheight);
-      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
-      const unsigned int
-        tmpdimx = (nwidth>0)?nwidth:(-nwidth*width()/100),
-        tmpdimy = (nheight>0)?nheight:(-nheight*height()/100),
-        dimx = tmpdimx?tmpdimx:1,
-        dimy = tmpdimy?tmpdimy:1;
-      XLockDisplay(dpy);
-      if (_window_width!=dimx || _window_height!=dimy) {
-        XWindowAttributes attr;
-        for (unsigned int i = 0; i<10; ++i) {
-          XResizeWindow(dpy,_window,dimx,dimy);
-          XGetWindowAttributes(dpy,_window,&attr);
-          if (attr.width==(int)dimx && attr.height==(int)dimy) break;
-          cimg::wait(5);
-        }
-      }
-      if (_width!=dimx || _height!=dimy) switch (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits) {
-        case 8 :  { unsigned char pixel_type = 0; _resize(pixel_type,dimx,dimy,force_redraw); } break;
-        case 16 : { unsigned short pixel_type = 0; _resize(pixel_type,dimx,dimy,force_redraw); } break;
-        default : { unsigned int pixel_type = 0; _resize(pixel_type,dimx,dimy,force_redraw); }
-        }
-      _window_width = _width = dimx; _window_height = _height = dimy;
-      _is_resized = false;
-      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
-      if (_is_fullscreen) move((screen_width()-_width)/2,(screen_height()-_height)/2);
-      if (force_redraw) return paint();
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& toggle_fullscreen(const bool force_redraw=true) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (force_redraw) {
-        const unsigned long buf_size = (unsigned long)_width*_height*
-          (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==8?1:(cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==16?2:4));
-        void *image_data = std::malloc(buf_size);
-        std::memcpy(image_data,_data,buf_size);
-        assign(_width,_height,_title,_normalization,!_is_fullscreen,false);
-        std::memcpy(_data,image_data,buf_size);
-        std::free(image_data);
-        return paint();
-      }
-      return assign(_width,_height,_title,_normalization,!_is_fullscreen,false);
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& show() {
-      if (is_empty() || !_is_closed) return *this;
-      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
-      XLockDisplay(dpy);
-      if (_is_fullscreen) _init_fullscreen();
-      _map_window();
-      _is_closed = false;
-      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
-      return paint();
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& close() {
-      if (is_empty() || _is_closed) return *this;
-      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
-      XLockDisplay(dpy);
-      if (_is_fullscreen) _desinit_fullscreen();
-      XUnmapWindow(dpy,_window);
-      _window_x = _window_y = -1;
-      _is_closed = true;
-      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& move(const int posx, const int posy) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      show();
-      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
-      XLockDisplay(dpy);
-      XMoveWindow(dpy,_window,posx,posy);
-      _window_x = posx; _window_y = posy;
-      _is_moved = false;
-      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
-      return paint();
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& show_mouse() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
-      XLockDisplay(dpy);
-      XUndefineCursor(dpy,_window);
-      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& hide_mouse() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
-      XLockDisplay(dpy);
-      const char pix_data[8] = { 0 };
-      XColor col;
-      col.red = col.green = col.blue = 0;
-      Pixmap pix = XCreateBitmapFromData(dpy,_window,pix_data,8,8);
-      Cursor cur = XCreatePixmapCursor(dpy,pix,pix,&col,&col,0,0);
-      XFreePixmap(dpy,pix);
-      XDefineCursor(dpy,_window,cur);
-      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& set_mouse(const int posx, const int posy) {
-      if (is_empty() || _is_closed) return *this;
-      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
-      XLockDisplay(dpy);
-      XWarpPointer(dpy,0L,_window,0,0,0,0,posx,posy);
-      _mouse_x = posx; _mouse_y = posy;
-      _is_moved = false;
-      XSync(dpy,0);
-      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& set_title(const char *const format, ...) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      char tmp[1024] = { 0 };
-      va_list ap;
-      va_start(ap, format);
-      cimg_vsnprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),format,ap);
-      va_end(ap);
-      if (!std::strcmp(_title,tmp)) return *this;
-      delete[] _title;
-      const unsigned int s = std::strlen(tmp) + 1;
-      _title = new char[s];
-      std::memcpy(_title,tmp,s*sizeof(char));
-      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
-      XLockDisplay(dpy);
-      XStoreName(dpy,_window,tmp);
-      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    template<typename T>
-    CImgDisplay& display(const CImg<T>& img) {
-      if (!img)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimgdisplay_instance
-                                    "display(): Empty specified image.",
-                                    cimgdisplay_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) return assign(img);
-      return render(img).paint(false);
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& paint(const bool wait_expose=true) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
-      XLockDisplay(dpy);
-      _paint(wait_expose);
-      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    template<typename T>
-    CImgDisplay& render(const CImg<T>& img, const bool flag8=false) {
-      if (!img)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimgdisplay_instance
-                                    "render(): Empty specified image.",
-                                    cimgdisplay_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (img._depth!=1) return render(img.get_projections2d((img._width-1)/2,(img._height-1)/2,(img._depth-1)/2));
-      if (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==8 && (img._width!=_width || img._height!=_height))
-        return render(img.get_resize(_width,_height,1,-100,1));
-      if (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==8 && !flag8 && img._spectrum==3) {
-        static const CImg<typename CImg<T>::ucharT> default_colormap = CImg<typename CImg<T>::ucharT>::default_LUT256();
-        return render(img.get_index(default_colormap,1,false));
-      }
-
-      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
-      const T
-        *data1 = img._data,
-        *data2 = (img._spectrum>1)?img.data(0,0,0,1):data1,
-        *data3 = (img._spectrum>2)?img.data(0,0,0,2):data1;
-
-      if (cimg::X11_attr().is_blue_first) cimg::swap(data1,data3);
-      XLockDisplay(dpy);
-
-      if (!_normalization || (_normalization==3 && cimg::type<T>::string()==cimg::type<unsigned char>::string())) {
-        _min = _max = 0;
-        switch (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits) {
-        case 8 : { // 256 colormap, no normalization
-          _set_colormap(_colormap,img._spectrum);
-          unsigned char *const ndata = (img._width==_width && img._height==_height)?(unsigned char*)_data:new unsigned char[(unsigned long)img._width*img._height];
-          unsigned char *ptrd = (unsigned char*)ndata;
-          switch (img._spectrum) {
-          case 1 : for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) (*ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(data1++);
-            break;
-          case 2 : for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-	      const unsigned char R = (unsigned char)*(data1++), G = (unsigned char)*(data2++);
-	      (*ptrd++) = (R&0xf0) | (G>>4);
-	    } break;
-          default : for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-	      const unsigned char R = (unsigned char)*(data1++), G = (unsigned char)*(data2++), B = (unsigned char)*(data3++);
-	      (*ptrd++) = (R&0xe0) | ((G>>5)<<2) | (B>>6);
-	    }
-          }
-          if (ndata!=_data) { _render_resize(ndata,img._width,img._height,(unsigned char*)_data,_width,_height); delete[] ndata; }
-        } break;
-        case 16 : { // 16 bits colors, no normalization
-          unsigned short *const ndata = (img._width==_width && img._height==_height)?(unsigned short*)_data:new unsigned short[(unsigned long)img._width*img._height];
-          unsigned char *ptrd = (unsigned char*)ndata;
-          const unsigned int M = 248;
-          switch (img._spectrum) {
-          case 1 :
-            if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-              const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)*(data1++), G = val>>2;
-              *(ptrd++) = (val&M) | (G>>3);
-              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5) | (G>>1);
-              } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-              const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)*(data1++), G = val>>2;
-              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5) | (G>>1);
-              *(ptrd++) = (val&M) | (G>>3);
-            }
-            break;
-          case 2 :
-            if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-              const unsigned char G = (unsigned char)*(data2++)>>2;
-              *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)*(data1++)&M) | (G>>3);
-              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5);
-              } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-              const unsigned char G = (unsigned char)*(data2++)>>2;
-              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5);
-              *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)*(data1++)&M) | (G>>3);
-            }
-            break;
-          default :
-            if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-              const unsigned char G = (unsigned char)*(data2++)>>2;
-              *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)*(data1++)&M) | (G>>3);
-              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5) | ((unsigned char)*(data3++)>>3);
-              } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-              const unsigned char G = (unsigned char)*(data2++)>>2;
-              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5) | ((unsigned char)*(data3++)>>3);
-              *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)*(data1++)&M) | (G>>3);
-            }
-          }
-          if (ndata!=_data) { _render_resize(ndata,img._width,img._height,(unsigned short*)_data,_width,_height); delete[] ndata; }
-        } break;
-        default : { // 24 bits colors, no normalization
-          unsigned int *const ndata = (img._width==_width && img._height==_height)?(unsigned int*)_data:new unsigned int[(unsigned long)img._width*img._height];
-          if (sizeof(int)==4) { // 32 bits int uses optimized version
-            unsigned int *ptrd = ndata;
-            switch (img._spectrum) {
-            case 1 :
-              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order==cimg::endianness())
-                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-                  const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)*(data1++);
-                  *(ptrd++) = (val<<16) | (val<<8) | val;
-                }
-              else
-                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-                 const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)*(data1++);
-                  *(ptrd++) = (val<<16) | (val<<8) | val;
-                }
-              break;
-            case 2 :
-              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order==cimg::endianness())
-                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy)
-                  *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)*(data1++)<<16) | ((unsigned char)*(data2++)<<8);
-              else
-                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy)
-                  *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)*(data2++)<<16) | ((unsigned char)*(data1++)<<8);
-              break;
-            default :
-              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order==cimg::endianness())
-                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy)
-                  *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)*(data1++)<<16) | ((unsigned char)*(data2++)<<8) | (unsigned char)*(data3++);
-              else
-                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy)
-                  *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)*(data3++)<<24) | ((unsigned char)*(data2++)<<16) | ((unsigned char)*(data1++)<<8);
-            }
-          } else {
-            unsigned char *ptrd = (unsigned char*)ndata;
-            switch (img._spectrum) {
-            case 1 :
-              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-                *(ptrd++) = 0;
-                *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(data1++);
-                *(ptrd++) = 0;
-                *(ptrd++) = 0;
-                } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-                *(ptrd++) = 0;
-                *(ptrd++) = 0;
-                *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(data1++);
-                *(ptrd++) = 0;
-              }
-              break;
-            case 2 :
-              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) cimg::swap(data1,data2);
-              for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-                *(ptrd++) = 0;
-                *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(data2++);
-                *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(data1++);
-                *(ptrd++) = 0;
-              }
-              break;
-            default :
-              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-                *(ptrd++) = 0;
-                *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(data1++);
-                *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(data2++);
-                *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(data3++);
-                } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-                *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(data3++);
-                *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(data2++);
-                *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(data1++);
-                *(ptrd++) = 0;
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          if (ndata!=_data) { _render_resize(ndata,img._width,img._height,(unsigned int*)_data,_width,_height); delete[] ndata; }
-        }
-        }
-      } else {
-        if (_normalization==3) {
-          if (cimg::type<T>::is_float()) _min = (float)img.min_max(_max);
-          else { _min = (float)cimg::type<T>::min(); _max = (float)cimg::type<T>::max(); }
-        } else if ((_min>_max) || _normalization==1) _min = (float)img.min_max(_max);
-        const float delta = _max - _min, mm = 255/(delta?delta:1.0f);
-        switch (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits) {
-        case 8 : { // 256 colormap, with normalization
-          _set_colormap(_colormap,img._spectrum);
-          unsigned char *const ndata = (img._width==_width && img._height==_height)?(unsigned char*)_data:new unsigned char[(unsigned long)img._width*img._height];
-          unsigned char *ptrd = (unsigned char*)ndata;
-          switch (img._spectrum) {
-          case 1 : for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-              const unsigned char R = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm);
-              *(ptrd++) = R;
-            } break;
-          case 2 : for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-              const unsigned char
-                R = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm),
-                G = (unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm);
-            (*ptrd++) = (R&0xf0) | (G>>4);
-          } break;
-          default :
-            for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-              const unsigned char
-                R = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm),
-                G = (unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm),
-                B = (unsigned char)((*(data3++)-_min)*mm);
-              *(ptrd++) = (R&0xe0) | ((G>>5)<<2) | (B>>6);
-            }
-          }
-          if (ndata!=_data) { _render_resize(ndata,img._width,img._height,(unsigned char*)_data,_width,_height); delete[] ndata; }
-        } break;
-        case 16 : { // 16 bits colors, with normalization
-          unsigned short *const ndata = (img._width==_width && img._height==_height)?(unsigned short*)_data:new unsigned short[(unsigned long)img._width*img._height];
-          unsigned char *ptrd = (unsigned char*)ndata;
-          const unsigned int M = 248;
-          switch (img._spectrum) {
-          case 1 :
-            if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-              const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm), G = val>>2;
-              *(ptrd++) = (val&M) | (G>>3);
-              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5) | (val>>3);
-              } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-              const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm), G = val>>2;
-              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5) | (val>>3);
-              *(ptrd++) = (val&M) | (G>>3);
-            }
-            break;
-          case 2 :
-            if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-              const unsigned char G = (unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm)>>2;
-              *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm)&M) | (G>>3);
-              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5);
-              } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-              const unsigned char G = (unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm)>>2;
-              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5);
-              *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm)&M) | (G>>3);
-            }
-            break;
-          default :
-            if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-              const unsigned char G = (unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm)>>2;
-              *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm)&M) | (G>>3);
-              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5) | ((unsigned char)((*(data3++)-_min)*mm)>>3);
-              } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-              const unsigned char G = (unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm)>>2;
-              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5) | ((unsigned char)((*(data3++)-_min)*mm)>>3);
-              *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm)&M) | (G>>3);
-            }
-          }
-          if (ndata!=_data) { _render_resize(ndata,img._width,img._height,(unsigned short*)_data,_width,_height); delete[] ndata; }
-        } break;
-        default : { // 24 bits colors, with normalization
-          unsigned int *const ndata = (img._width==_width && img._height==_height)?(unsigned int*)_data:new unsigned int[(unsigned long)img._width*img._height];
-          if (sizeof(int)==4) { // 32 bits int uses optimized version
-            unsigned int *ptrd = ndata;
-            switch (img._spectrum) {
-            case 1 :
-              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order==cimg::endianness())
-                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-                  const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm);
-                  *(ptrd++) = (val<<16) | (val<<8) | val;
-                }
-              else
-                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-                  const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm);
-                  *(ptrd++) = (val<<24) | (val<<16) | (val<<8);
-                }
-              break;
-            case 2 :
-              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order==cimg::endianness())
-                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy)
-                  *(ptrd++) =
-                    ((unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm)<<16) |
-                    ((unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm)<<8);
-              else
-                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy)
-                  *(ptrd++) =
-                    ((unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm)<<16) |
-                    ((unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm)<<8);
-              break;
-            default :
-              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order==cimg::endianness())
-                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy)
-                  *(ptrd++) =
-                    ((unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm)<<16) |
-                    ((unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm)<<8) |
-                    (unsigned char)((*(data3++)-_min)*mm);
-              else
-                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy)
-                  *(ptrd++) =
-                    ((unsigned char)((*(data3++)-_min)*mm)<<24) |
-                    ((unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm)<<16) |
-                    ((unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm)<<8);
-            }
-          } else {
-            unsigned char *ptrd = (unsigned char*)ndata;
-            switch (img._spectrum) {
-            case 1 :
-              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-                const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm);
-                (*ptrd++) = 0;
-                (*ptrd++) = val;
-                (*ptrd++) = val;
-                (*ptrd++) = val;
-                } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-                const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm);
-                (*ptrd++) = val;
-                (*ptrd++) = val;
-                (*ptrd++) = val;
-                (*ptrd++) = 0;
-              }
-              break;
-            case 2 :
-              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) cimg::swap(data1,data2);
-              for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-                (*ptrd++) = 0;
-                (*ptrd++) = (unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm);
-                (*ptrd++) = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm);
-                (*ptrd++) = 0;
-              }
-              break;
-            default :
-              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order)
-                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-                  (*ptrd++) = 0;
-                  (*ptrd++) = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm);
-                  (*ptrd++) = (unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm);
-                  (*ptrd++) = (unsigned char)((*(data3++)-_min)*mm);
-                } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-                  (*ptrd++) = (unsigned char)((*(data3++)-_min)*mm);
-                  (*ptrd++) = (unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm);
-                  (*ptrd++) = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm);
-                  (*ptrd++) = 0;
-                }
-            }
-          }
-          if (ndata!=_data) {
-            _render_resize(ndata,img._width,img._height,(unsigned int*)_data,_width,_height); delete[] ndata;
-          }
-	}
-        }
-      }
-      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    template<typename T>
-    const CImgDisplay& snapshot(CImg<T>& img) const {
-      if (is_empty()) { img.assign(); return *this; }
-      const unsigned char *ptrs = (unsigned char*)_data;
-      img.assign(_width,_height,1,3);
-      T
-        *data1 = img.data(0,0,0,0),
-        *data2 = img.data(0,0,0,1),
-        *data3 = img.data(0,0,0,2);
-      if (cimg::X11_attr().is_blue_first) cimg::swap(data1,data3);
-      switch (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits) {
-      case 8 : {
-        for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-          const unsigned char val = *(ptrs++);
-          *(data1++) = (T)(val&0xe0);
-          *(data2++) = (T)((val&0x1c)<<3);
-          *(data3++) = (T)(val<<6);
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 16 : {
-        if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-          const unsigned char val0 = *(ptrs++), val1 = *(ptrs++);
-          *(data1++) = (T)(val0&0xf8);
-          *(data2++) = (T)((val0<<5) | ((val1&0xe0)>>5));
-          *(data3++) = (T)(val1<<3);
-          } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-          const unsigned short val0 = *(ptrs++), val1 = *(ptrs++);
-          *(data1++) = (T)(val1&0xf8);
-          *(data2++) = (T)((val1<<5) | ((val0&0xe0)>>5));
-          *(data3++) = (T)(val0<<3);
-        }
-      } break;
-      default : {
-        if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-          ++ptrs;
-          *(data1++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-          *(data2++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-          *(data3++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-          } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-            *(data3++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-            *(data2++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-            *(data1++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-            ++ptrs;
-          }
-      }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    // Windows-based implementation.
-    //-------------------------------
-#elif cimg_display==2
-
-    bool _is_mouse_tracked, _is_cursor_visible;
-    HANDLE _thread, _is_created, _mutex;
-    HWND _window, _background_window;
-    CLIENTCREATESTRUCT _ccs;
-    unsigned int *_data;
-    DEVMODE _curr_mode;
-    BITMAPINFO _bmi;
-    HDC _hdc;
-
-    static int screen_width() {
-      DEVMODE mode;
-      mode.dmSize = sizeof(DEVMODE);
-      mode.dmDriverExtra = 0;
-      EnumDisplaySettings(0,ENUM_CURRENT_SETTINGS,&mode);
-      return mode.dmPelsWidth;
-    }
-
-    static int screen_height() {
-      DEVMODE mode;
-      mode.dmSize = sizeof(DEVMODE);
-      mode.dmDriverExtra = 0;
-      EnumDisplaySettings(0,ENUM_CURRENT_SETTINGS,&mode);
-      return mode.dmPelsHeight;
-    }
-
-    static void wait_all() {
-      WaitForSingleObject(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event,INFINITE);
-    }
-
-    static LRESULT APIENTRY _handle_events(HWND window, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
-#ifdef _WIN64
-      CImgDisplay *const disp = (CImgDisplay*)GetWindowLongPtr(window,GWLP_USERDATA);
-#else
-      CImgDisplay *const disp = (CImgDisplay*)GetWindowLong(window,GWL_USERDATA);
-#endif
-      MSG st_msg;
-      switch (msg) {
-      case WM_CLOSE :
-        disp->_mouse_x = disp->_mouse_y = -1;
-        disp->_window_x = disp->_window_y = 0;
-        disp->set_button().set_key(0).set_key(0,false)._is_closed = true;
-        ReleaseMutex(disp->_mutex);
-        ShowWindow(disp->_window,SW_HIDE);
-        disp->_is_event = true;
-        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
-        return 0;
-      case WM_SIZE : {
-        while (PeekMessage(&st_msg,window,WM_SIZE,WM_SIZE,PM_REMOVE)) {}
-        WaitForSingleObject(disp->_mutex,INFINITE);
-        const unsigned int nw = LOWORD(lParam),nh = HIWORD(lParam);
-        if (nw && nh && (nw!=disp->_width || nh!=disp->_height)) {
-          disp->_window_width = nw;
-          disp->_window_height = nh;
-          disp->_mouse_x = disp->_mouse_y = -1;
-          disp->_is_resized = disp->_is_event = true;
-          SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
-        }
-        ReleaseMutex(disp->_mutex);
-      } break;
-      case WM_MOVE : {
-        while (PeekMessage(&st_msg,window,WM_SIZE,WM_SIZE,PM_REMOVE)) {}
-        WaitForSingleObject(disp->_mutex,INFINITE);
-        const int nx = (int)(short)(LOWORD(lParam)), ny = (int)(short)(HIWORD(lParam));
-        if (nx!=disp->_window_x || ny!=disp->_window_y) {
-          disp->_window_x = nx;
-          disp->_window_y = ny;
-          disp->_is_moved = disp->_is_event = true;
-          SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
-        }
-        ReleaseMutex(disp->_mutex);
-      } break;
-      case WM_PAINT :
-        disp->paint();
-	if (disp->_is_cursor_visible) while (ShowCursor(TRUE)<0); else while (ShowCursor(FALSE)>=0);
-        break;
-      case WM_KEYDOWN :
-        disp->set_key((unsigned int)wParam);
-        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
-        break;
-      case WM_KEYUP :
-        disp->set_key((unsigned int)wParam,false);
-        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
-        break;
-      case WM_MOUSEMOVE : {
-        while (PeekMessage(&st_msg,window,WM_MOUSEMOVE,WM_MOUSEMOVE,PM_REMOVE)) {}
-        disp->_mouse_x = LOWORD(lParam);
-        disp->_mouse_y = HIWORD(lParam);
-#if (_WIN32_WINNT>=0x0400) && !defined(NOTRACKMOUSEEVENT)
-        if (!disp->_is_mouse_tracked) {
-          TRACKMOUSEEVENT tme;
-          tme.cbSize = sizeof(TRACKMOUSEEVENT);
-          tme.dwFlags = TME_LEAVE;
-          tme.hwndTrack = disp->_window;
-          if (TrackMouseEvent(&tme)) disp->_is_mouse_tracked = true;
-        }
-#endif
-        if (disp->_mouse_x<0 || disp->_mouse_y<0 || disp->_mouse_x>=disp->width() || disp->_mouse_y>=disp->height())
-          disp->_mouse_x = disp->_mouse_y = -1;
-        disp->_is_event = true;
-        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
-	if (disp->_is_cursor_visible) while (ShowCursor(TRUE)<0); else while (ShowCursor(FALSE)>=0);
-      }	break;
-      case WM_MOUSELEAVE : {
-        disp->_mouse_x = disp->_mouse_y = -1;
-        disp->_is_mouse_tracked = false;
-	while (ShowCursor(TRUE)<0);
-      } break;
-      case WM_LBUTTONDOWN :
-        disp->set_button(1);
-        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
-        break;
-      case WM_RBUTTONDOWN :
-        disp->set_button(2);
-        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
-        break;
-      case WM_MBUTTONDOWN :
-        disp->set_button(3);
-        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
-        break;
-      case WM_LBUTTONUP :
-        disp->set_button(1,false);
-        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
-        break;
-      case WM_RBUTTONUP :
-        disp->set_button(2,false);
-        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
-        break;
-      case WM_MBUTTONUP :
-        disp->set_button(3,false);
-        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
-        break;
-      case 0x020A : // WM_MOUSEWHEEL:
-        disp->set_wheel((int)((short)HIWORD(wParam))/120);
-        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
-      }
-      return DefWindowProc(window,msg,wParam,lParam);
-    }
-
-    static DWORD WINAPI _events_thread(void* arg) {
-      CImgDisplay *const disp = (CImgDisplay*)(((void**)arg)[0]);
-      const char *const title = (const char*)(((void**)arg)[1]);
-      MSG msg;
-      delete[] (void**)arg;
-      disp->_bmi.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
-      disp->_bmi.bmiHeader.biWidth = disp->width();
-      disp->_bmi.bmiHeader.biHeight = -disp->height();
-      disp->_bmi.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;
-      disp->_bmi.bmiHeader.biBitCount = 32;
-      disp->_bmi.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
-      disp->_bmi.bmiHeader.biSizeImage = 0;
-      disp->_bmi.bmiHeader.biXPelsPerMeter = 1;
-      disp->_bmi.bmiHeader.biYPelsPerMeter = 1;
-      disp->_bmi.bmiHeader.biClrUsed = 0;
-      disp->_bmi.bmiHeader.biClrImportant = 0;
-      disp->_data = new unsigned int[(unsigned long)disp->_width*disp->_height];
-      if (!disp->_is_fullscreen) { // Normal window
-        RECT rect;
-        rect.left = rect.top = 0; rect.right = disp->_width-1; rect.bottom = disp->_height-1;
-        AdjustWindowRect(&rect,WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU | WS_THICKFRAME | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_MAXIMIZEBOX,false);
-        const int
-          border1 = (rect.right - rect.left + 1 - disp->_width)/2,
-          border2 = rect.bottom - rect.top + 1 - disp->_height - border1;
-        disp->_window = CreateWindowA("MDICLIENT",title?title:" ",
-                                     WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | (disp->_is_closed?0:WS_VISIBLE), CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,
-                                     disp->_width + 2*border1, disp->_height + border1 + border2,
-                                     0,0,0,&(disp->_ccs));
-        if (!disp->_is_closed) {
-          GetWindowRect(disp->_window,&rect);
-          disp->_window_x = rect.left + border1;
-          disp->_window_y = rect.top + border2;
-        } else disp->_window_x = disp->_window_y = 0;
-      } else { // Fullscreen window
-        const unsigned int sx = screen_width(), sy = screen_height();
-        disp->_window = CreateWindowA("MDICLIENT",title?title:" ",
-                                     WS_POPUP | (disp->_is_closed?0:WS_VISIBLE), (sx-disp->_width)/2,
-                                      (sy-disp->_height)/2,
-                                     disp->_width,disp->_height,0,0,0,&(disp->_ccs));
-        disp->_window_x = disp->_window_y = 0;
-      }
-      SetForegroundWindow(disp->_window);
-      disp->_hdc = GetDC(disp->_window);
-      disp->_window_width = disp->_width;
-      disp->_window_height = disp->_height;
-      disp->flush();
-#ifdef _WIN64
-      SetWindowLongPtr(disp->_window,GWLP_USERDATA,(LONG_PTR)disp);
-      SetWindowLongPtr(disp->_window,GWLP_WNDPROC,(LONG_PTR)_handle_events);
-#else
-      SetWindowLong(disp->_window,GWL_USERDATA,(LONG)disp);
-      SetWindowLong(disp->_window,GWL_WNDPROC,(LONG)_handle_events);
-#endif
-      SetEvent(disp->_is_created);
-      while (GetMessage(&msg,0,0,0)) DispatchMessage(&msg);
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& _update_window_pos() {
-      if (_is_closed) _window_x = _window_y = -1;
-      else {
-        RECT rect;
-        rect.left = rect.top = 0; rect.right = _width-1; rect.bottom = _height-1;
-        AdjustWindowRect(&rect,WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU | WS_THICKFRAME | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_MAXIMIZEBOX,false);
-        const int
-          border1 = (rect.right - rect.left + 1 - _width)/2,
-          border2 = rect.bottom - rect.top + 1 - _height - border1;
-        GetWindowRect(_window,&rect);
-        _window_x = rect.left + border1;
-        _window_y = rect.top + border2;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    void _init_fullscreen() {
-      _background_window = 0;
-      if (!_is_fullscreen || _is_closed) _curr_mode.dmSize = 0;
-      else {
-        DEVMODE mode;
-        unsigned int imode = 0, ibest = 0, bestbpp = 0, bw = ~0U, bh = ~0U;
-        for (mode.dmSize = sizeof(DEVMODE), mode.dmDriverExtra = 0; EnumDisplaySettings(0,imode,&mode); ++imode) {
-          const unsigned int nw = mode.dmPelsWidth, nh = mode.dmPelsHeight;
-          if (nw>=_width && nh>=_height && mode.dmBitsPerPel>=bestbpp && nw<=bw && nh<=bh) {
-            bestbpp = mode.dmBitsPerPel;
-            ibest = imode;
-            bw = nw; bh = nh;
-          }
-        }
-        if (bestbpp) {
-          _curr_mode.dmSize = sizeof(DEVMODE); _curr_mode.dmDriverExtra = 0;
-          EnumDisplaySettings(0,ENUM_CURRENT_SETTINGS,&_curr_mode);
-          EnumDisplaySettings(0,ibest,&mode);
-          ChangeDisplaySettings(&mode,0);
-        } else _curr_mode.dmSize = 0;
-
-        const unsigned int sx = screen_width(), sy = screen_height();
-        if (sx!=_width || sy!=_height) {
-          CLIENTCREATESTRUCT background_ccs;
-          _background_window = CreateWindowA("MDICLIENT","",WS_POPUP | WS_VISIBLE, 0,0,sx,sy,0,0,0,&background_ccs);
-          SetForegroundWindow(_background_window);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    void _desinit_fullscreen() {
-      if (!_is_fullscreen) return;
-      if (_background_window) DestroyWindow(_background_window);
-      _background_window = 0;
-      if (_curr_mode.dmSize) ChangeDisplaySettings(&_curr_mode,0);
-      _is_fullscreen = false;
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& _assign(const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh, const char *const ptitle=0,
-                         const unsigned int normalization_type=3,
-                         const bool fullscreen_flag=false, const bool closed_flag=false) {
-
-      // Allocate space for window title
-      const char *const nptitle = ptitle?ptitle:"";
-      const unsigned int s = (unsigned int)std::strlen(nptitle) + 1;
-      char *const tmp_title = s?new char[s]:0;
-      if (s) std::memcpy(tmp_title,nptitle,s*sizeof(char));
-
-      // Destroy previous window if existing
-      if (!is_empty()) assign();
-
-      // Set display variables
-      _width = cimg::min(dimw,(unsigned int)screen_width());
-      _height = cimg::min(dimh,(unsigned int)screen_height());
-      _normalization = normalization_type<4?normalization_type:3;
-      _is_fullscreen = fullscreen_flag;
-      _window_x = _window_y = 0;
-      _is_closed = closed_flag;
-      _is_cursor_visible = true;
-      _is_mouse_tracked = false;
-      _title = tmp_title;
-      flush();
-      if (_is_fullscreen) _init_fullscreen();
-
-      // Create event thread
-      void *const arg = (void*)(new void*[2]);
-      ((void**)arg)[0] = (void*)this;
-      ((void**)arg)[1] = (void*)_title;
-      _mutex = CreateMutex(0,FALSE,0);
-      _is_created = CreateEvent(0,FALSE,FALSE,0);
-      _thread = CreateThread(0,0,_events_thread,arg,0,0);
-      WaitForSingleObject(_is_created,INFINITE);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& assign() {
-      if (is_empty()) return flush();
-      DestroyWindow(_window);
-      TerminateThread(_thread,0);
-      delete[] _data;
-      delete[] _title;
-      _data = 0;
-      _title = 0;
-      if (_is_fullscreen) _desinit_fullscreen();
-      _width = _height = _normalization = _window_width = _window_height = 0;
-      _window_x = _window_y = 0;
-      _is_fullscreen = false;
-      _is_closed = true;
-      _min = _max = 0;
-      _title = 0;
-      flush();
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& assign(const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh, const char *const title=0,
-                        const unsigned int normalization_type=3,
-                        const bool fullscreen_flag=false, const bool closed_flag=false) {
-      if (!dimw || !dimh) return assign();
-      _assign(dimw,dimh,title,normalization_type,fullscreen_flag,closed_flag);
-      _min = _max = 0;
-      std::memset(_data,0,sizeof(unsigned int)*_width*_height);
-      return paint();
-    }
-
-    template<typename T>
-    CImgDisplay& assign(const CImg<T>& img, const char *const title=0,
-                        const unsigned int normalization_type=3,
-                        const bool fullscreen_flag=false, const bool closed_flag=false) {
-      if (!img) return assign();
-      CImg<T> tmp;
-      const CImg<T>& nimg = (img._depth==1)?img:(tmp=img.get_projections2d((img._width-1)/2,
-                                                                           (img._height-1)/2,
-                                                                           (img._depth-1)/2));
-      _assign(nimg._width,nimg._height,title,normalization_type,fullscreen_flag,closed_flag);
-      if (_normalization==2) _min = (float)nimg.min_max(_max);
-      return display(nimg);
-    }
-
-    template<typename T>
-    CImgDisplay& assign(const CImgList<T>& list, const char *const title=0,
-                        const unsigned int normalization_type=3,
-                        const bool fullscreen_flag=false, const bool closed_flag=false) {
-      if (!list) return assign();
-      CImg<T> tmp;
-      const CImg<T> img = list>'x', &nimg = (img._depth==1)?img:(tmp=img.get_projections2d((img._width-1)/2,
-                                                                                           (img._height-1)/2,
-                                                                                           (img._depth-1)/2));
-      _assign(nimg._width,nimg._height,title,normalization_type,fullscreen_flag,closed_flag);
-      if (_normalization==2) _min = (float)nimg.min_max(_max);
-      return display(nimg);
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& assign(const CImgDisplay& disp) {
-      if (!disp) return assign();
-      _assign(disp._width,disp._height,disp._title,disp._normalization,disp._is_fullscreen,disp._is_closed);
-      std::memcpy(_data,disp._data,sizeof(unsigned int)*_width*_height);
-      return paint();
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& resize(const int nwidth, const int nheight, const bool force_redraw=true) {
-      if (!nwidth || !nheight || (is_empty() && (nwidth<0 || nheight<0))) return assign();
-      if (is_empty()) return assign(nwidth,nheight);
-      const unsigned int
-        tmpdimx = (nwidth>0)?nwidth:(-nwidth*_width/100),
-        tmpdimy = (nheight>0)?nheight:(-nheight*_height/100),
-        dimx = tmpdimx?tmpdimx:1,
-        dimy = tmpdimy?tmpdimy:1;
-      if (_window_width!=dimx || _window_height!=dimy) {
-        RECT rect; rect.left = rect.top = 0; rect.right = dimx - 1; rect.bottom = dimy - 1;
-        AdjustWindowRect(&rect,WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU | WS_THICKFRAME | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_MAXIMIZEBOX,false);
-        const int cwidth = rect.right - rect.left + 1, cheight = rect.bottom - rect.top + 1;
-        SetWindowPos(_window,0,0,0,cwidth,cheight,SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOZORDER | SWP_NOCOPYBITS);
-      }
-      if (_width!=dimx || _height!=dimy) {
-        unsigned int *const ndata = new unsigned int[dimx*dimy];
-        if (force_redraw) _render_resize(_data,_width,_height,ndata,dimx,dimy);
-        else std::memset(ndata,0x80,sizeof(unsigned int)*dimx*dimy);
-        delete[] _data;
-        _data = ndata;
-        _bmi.bmiHeader.biWidth = dimx;
-        _bmi.bmiHeader.biHeight = -(int)dimy;
-        _width = dimx;
-        _height = dimy;
-      }
-      _window_width = dimx; _window_height = dimy;
-      _is_resized = false;
-      if (_is_fullscreen) move((screen_width()-_width)/2,(screen_height()-_height)/2);
-      if (force_redraw) return paint();
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& toggle_fullscreen(const bool force_redraw=true) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (force_redraw) {
-        const unsigned long buf_size = _width*_height*4UL;
-        void *odata = std::malloc(buf_size);
-        std::memcpy(odata,_data,buf_size);
-        assign(_width,_height,_title,_normalization,!_is_fullscreen,false);
-        std::memcpy(_data,odata,buf_size);
-        std::free(odata);
-        return paint();
-      }
-      return assign(_width,_height,_title,_normalization,!_is_fullscreen,false);
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& show() {
-      if (is_empty() || !_is_closed) return *this;
-      _is_closed = false;
-      if (_is_fullscreen) _init_fullscreen();
-      ShowWindow(_window,SW_SHOW);
-      _update_window_pos();
-      return paint();
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& close() {
-      if (is_empty() || _is_closed) return *this;
-      _is_closed = true;
-      if (_is_fullscreen) _desinit_fullscreen();
-      ShowWindow(_window,SW_HIDE);
-      _window_x = _window_y = 0;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& move(const int posx, const int posy) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (!_is_fullscreen) {
-        RECT rect; rect.left = rect.top = 0; rect.right = _window_width-1; rect.bottom = _window_height-1;
-        AdjustWindowRect(&rect,WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU | WS_THICKFRAME | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_MAXIMIZEBOX,false);
-        const int border1 = (rect.right-rect.left+1-_width)/2, border2 = rect.bottom-rect.top+1-_height-border1;
-        SetWindowPos(_window,0,posx-border1,posy-border2,0,0,SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOZORDER);
-      } else SetWindowPos(_window,0,posx,posy,0,0,SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOZORDER);
-      _window_x = posx;
-      _window_y = posy;
-      _is_moved = false;
-      return show();
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& show_mouse() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      _is_cursor_visible = true;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& hide_mouse() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      _is_cursor_visible = false;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& set_mouse(const int posx, const int posy) {
-      if (_is_closed || posx<0 || posy<0) return *this;
-      _update_window_pos();
-      const int res = (int)SetCursorPos(_window_x + posx,_window_y + posy);
-      if (res) { _mouse_x = posx; _mouse_y = posy; }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& set_title(const char *const format, ...) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      char tmp[1024] = { 0 };
-      va_list ap;
-      va_start(ap, format);
-      cimg_vsnprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),format,ap);
-      va_end(ap);
-      if (!std::strcmp(_title,tmp)) return *this;
-      delete[] _title;
-      const unsigned int s = (unsigned int)std::strlen(tmp) + 1;
-      _title = new char[s];
-      std::memcpy(_title,tmp,s*sizeof(char));
-      SetWindowTextA(_window, tmp);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    template<typename T>
-    CImgDisplay& display(const CImg<T>& img) {
-      if (!img)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimgdisplay_instance
-                                    "display(): Empty specified image.",
-                                    cimgdisplay_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) return assign(img);
-      return render(img).paint();
-    }
-
-    CImgDisplay& paint() {
-      if (_is_closed) return *this;
-      WaitForSingleObject(_mutex,INFINITE);
-      SetDIBitsToDevice(_hdc,0,0,_width,_height,0,0,0,_height,_data,&_bmi,DIB_RGB_COLORS);
-      ReleaseMutex(_mutex);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    template<typename T>
-    CImgDisplay& render(const CImg<T>& img) {
-      if (!img)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimgdisplay_instance
-                                    "render(): Empty specified image.",
-                                    cimgdisplay_instance);
-
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (img._depth!=1) return render(img.get_projections2d((img._width-1)/2,(img._height-1)/2,(img._depth-1)/2));
-
-      const T
-        *data1 = img._data,
-        *data2 = (img._spectrum>=2)?img.data(0,0,0,1):data1,
-        *data3 = (img._spectrum>=3)?img.data(0,0,0,2):data1;
-
-      WaitForSingleObject(_mutex,INFINITE);
-      unsigned int
-        *const ndata = (img._width==_width && img._height==_height)?_data:
-        new unsigned int[(unsigned long)img._width*img._height],
-        *ptrd = ndata;
-
-      if (!_normalization || (_normalization==3 && cimg::type<T>::string()==cimg::type<unsigned char>::string())) {
-        _min = _max = 0;
-        switch (img._spectrum) {
-        case 1 : {
-          for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-            const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)*(data1++);
-            *(ptrd++) = (val<<16) | (val<<8) | val;
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 2 : {
-          for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy)
-            *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)*(data1++)<<16) | ((unsigned char)*(data2++)<<8);
-        } break;
-        default : {
-          for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy)
-            *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)*(data1++)<<16) | ((unsigned char)*(data2++)<<8) | (unsigned char)*(data3++);
-        }
-        }
-      } else {
-        if (_normalization==3) {
-          if (cimg::type<T>::is_float()) _min = (float)img.min_max(_max);
-          else { _min = (float)cimg::type<T>::min(); _max = (float)cimg::type<T>::max(); }
-        } else if ((_min>_max) || _normalization==1) _min = (float)img.min_max(_max);
-        const float delta = _max - _min, mm = 255/(delta?delta:1.0f);
-        switch (img._spectrum) {
-        case 1 : {
-          for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-            const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm);
-            *(ptrd++) = (val<<16) | (val<<8) | val;
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 2 : {
-          for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-            const unsigned char
-              R = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm),
-              G = (unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm);
-            *(ptrd++) = (R<<16) | (G<<8);
-          }
-        } break;
-        default : {
-          for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-            const unsigned char
-              R = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm),
-              G = (unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm),
-              B = (unsigned char)((*(data3++)-_min)*mm);
-            *(ptrd++) = (R<<16) | (G<<8) | B;
-          }
-        }
-        }
-      }
-      if (ndata!=_data) { _render_resize(ndata,img._width,img._height,_data,_width,_height); delete[] ndata; }
-      ReleaseMutex(_mutex);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    template<typename T>
-    const CImgDisplay& snapshot(CImg<T>& img) const {
-      if (is_empty()) { img.assign(); return *this; }
-      const unsigned int *ptrs = _data;
-      img.assign(_width,_height,1,3);
-      T
-        *data1 = img.data(0,0,0,0),
-        *data2 = img.data(0,0,0,1),
-        *data3 = img.data(0,0,0,2);
-      for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
-        const unsigned int val = *(ptrs++);
-        *(data1++) = (T)(unsigned char)(val>>16);
-        *(data2++) = (T)(unsigned char)((val>>8)&0xFF);
-        *(data3++) = (T)(unsigned char)(val&0xFF);
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    //@}
-  };
-
-  /*
-   #--------------------------------------
-   #
-   #
-   #
-   # Definition of the CImg<T> structure
-   #
-   #
-   #
-   #--------------------------------------
-   */
-
-  //! Class representing an image (up to 4 dimensions wide), each pixel being of type \c T.
-  /**
-     This is the main class of the %CImg Library. It declares and constructs
-     an image, allows access to its pixel values, and is able to perform various image operations.
-
-     \par Image representation
-
-     A %CImg image is defined as an instance of the container \c CImg<T>, which contains a regular grid of pixels,
-     each pixel value being of type \c T. The image grid can have up to 4 dimensions: width, height, depth
-     and number of channels.
-     Usually, the three first dimensions are used to describe spatial coordinates <tt>(x,y,z)</tt>,
-     while the number of channels is rather used as a vector-valued dimension
-     (it may describe the R,G,B color channels for instance).
-     If you need a fifth dimension, you can use image lists \c CImgList<T> rather than simple images \c CImg<T>.
-
-     Thus, the \c CImg<T> class is able to represent volumetric images of vector-valued pixels,
-     as well as images with less dimensions (1d scalar signal, 2d color images, ...).
-     Most member functions of the class CImg<\c T> are designed to handle this maximum case of (3+1) dimensions.
-
-     Concerning the pixel value type \c T:
-     fully supported template types are the basic C++ types: <tt>unsigned char, char, short, unsigned int, int,
-     unsigned long, long, float, double, ... </tt>.
-     Typically, fast image display can be done using <tt>CImg<unsigned char></tt> images,
-     while complex image processing algorithms may be rather coded using <tt>CImg<float></tt> or <tt>CImg<double></tt>
-     images that have floating-point pixel values. The default value for the template T is \c float.
-     Using your own template types may be possible. However, you will certainly have to define the complete set
-     of arithmetic and logical operators for your class.
-
-     \par Image structure
-
-     The \c CImg<T> structure contains \e six fields:
-     - \c _width defines the number of \a columns of the image (size along the X-axis).
-     - \c _height defines the number of \a rows of the image (size along the Y-axis).
-     - \c _depth defines the number of \a slices of the image (size along the Z-axis).
-     - \c _spectrum defines the number of \a channels of the image (size along the C-axis).
-     - \c _data defines a \a pointer to the \a pixel \a data (of type \c T).
-     - \c _is_shared is a boolean that tells if the memory buffer \c data is shared with
-       another image.
-
-     You can access these fields publicly although it is recommended to use the dedicated functions
-     width(), height(), depth(), spectrum() and ptr() to do so.
-     Image dimensions are not limited to a specific range (as long as you got enough available memory).
-     A value of \e 1 usually means that the corresponding dimension is \a flat.
-     If one of the dimensions is \e 0, or if the data pointer is null, the image is considered as \e empty.
-     Empty images should not contain any pixel data and thus, will not be processed by CImg member functions
-     (a CImgInstanceException will be thrown instead).
-     Pixel data are stored in memory, in a non interlaced mode (See \ref cimg_storage).
-
-     \par Image declaration and construction
-
-     Declaring an image can be done by using one of the several available constructors.
-     Here is a list of the most used:
-
-     - Construct images from arbitrary dimensions:
-         - <tt>CImg<char> img;</tt> declares an empty image.
-         - <tt>CImg<unsigned char> img(128,128);</tt> declares a 128x128 greyscale image with
-         \c unsigned \c char pixel values.
-         - <tt>CImg<double> img(3,3);</tt> declares a 3x3 matrix with \c double coefficients.
-         - <tt>CImg<unsigned char> img(256,256,1,3);</tt> declares a 256x256x1x3 (color) image
-         (colors are stored as an image with three channels).
-         - <tt>CImg<double> img(128,128,128);</tt> declares a 128x128x128 volumetric and greyscale image
-         (with \c double pixel values).
-         - <tt>CImg<> img(128,128,128,3);</tt> declares a 128x128x128 volumetric color image
-         (with \c float pixels, which is the default value of the template parameter \c T).
-         - \b Note: images pixels are <b>not automatically initialized to 0</b>. You may use the function \c fill() to
-         do it, or use the specific constructor taking 5 parameters like this:
-         <tt>CImg<> img(128,128,128,3,0);</tt> declares a 128x128x128 volumetric color image with all pixel values to 0.
-
-     - Construct images from filenames:
-         - <tt>CImg<unsigned char> img("image.jpg");</tt> reads a JPEG color image from the file "image.jpg".
-         - <tt>CImg<float> img("analyze.hdr");</tt> reads a volumetric image (ANALYZE7.5 format) from the
-         file "analyze.hdr".
-         - \b Note: You need to install <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org">ImageMagick</a>
-         to be able to read common compressed image formats (JPG,PNG, ...) (See \ref cimg_files_io).
-
-     - Construct images from C-style arrays:
-         - <tt>CImg<int> img(data_buffer,256,256);</tt> constructs a 256x256 greyscale image from a \c int* buffer
-         \c data_buffer (of size 256x256=65536).
-         - <tt>CImg<unsigned char> img(data_buffer,256,256,1,3,false);</tt> constructs a 256x256 color image
-         from a \c unsigned \c char* buffer \c data_buffer (where R,G,B channels follow each others).
-         - <tt>CImg<unsigned char> img(data_buffer,256,256,1,3,true);</tt> constructs a 256x256 color image
-         from a \c unsigned \c char* buffer \c data_buffer (where R,G,B channels are multiplexed).
-
-         The complete list of constructors can be found <a href="#constructors">here</a>.
-
-     \par Most useful functions
-
-     The \c CImg<T> class contains a lot of functions that operates on images.
-     Some of the most useful are:
-
-     - operator()(): allows to access or write pixel values.
-     - display(): displays the image in a new window.
-  **/
-  template<typename T>
-  struct CImg {
-
-    unsigned int _width, _height, _depth, _spectrum;
-    bool _is_shared;
-    T *_data;
-
-    //! Simple iterator type, to loop through each pixel value of an image instance.
-    /**
-       \note
-       - The \c CImg<T>::iterator type is defined to be a <tt>T*</tt>.
-       - You will seldom have to use iterators in %CImg, most classical operations
-         being achieved (often in a faster way) using methods of \c CImg<T>.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImg<float> img("reference.jpg");                                         // Load image from file.
-       for (CImg<float>::iterator it = img.begin(), it<img.end(); ++it) *it = 0; // Set all pixels to '0', with a CImg iterator.
-       img.fill(0);                                                              // Do the same with a built-in method.
-       \endcode
-   **/
-    typedef T* iterator;
-
-    //! Simple const iterator type, to loop through each pixel value of a \c const image instance.
-    /**
-       \note
-       - The \c CImg<T>::const_iterator type is defined to be a \c const \c T*.
-       - You will seldom have to use iterators in %CImg, most classical operations
-         being achieved (often in a faster way) using methods of \c CImg<T>.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg");                                    // Load image from file.
-       float sum = 0;
-       for (CImg<float>::iterator it = img.begin(), it<img.end(); ++it) sum+=*it; // Compute sum of all pixel values, with a CImg iterator.
-       const float sum2 = img.sum();                                              // Do the same with a built-in method.
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    typedef const T* const_iterator;
-
-    //! Pixel value type.
-    /**
-       Refer to the type of the pixel values of an image instance.
-       \note
-       - The \c CImg<T>::value_type type of a \c CImg<T> is defined to be a \c T.
-       - \c CImg<T>::value_type is actually not used in %CImg methods. It has been mainly defined for
-         compatibility with STL naming conventions.
-    **/
-    typedef T value_type;
-
-    // Define common types related to template type T.
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,bool>::type Tbool;
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,unsigned char>::type Tuchar;
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,char>::type Tchar;
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,unsigned short>::type Tushort;
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,short>::type Tshort;
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,unsigned int>::type Tuint;
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,int>::type Tint;
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,unsigned long>::type Tulong;
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,long>::type Tlong;
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,float>::type Tfloat;
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,double>::type Tdouble;
-    typedef typename cimg::last<T,bool>::type boolT;
-    typedef typename cimg::last<T,unsigned char>::type ucharT;
-    typedef typename cimg::last<T,char>::type charT;
-    typedef typename cimg::last<T,unsigned short>::type ushortT;
-    typedef typename cimg::last<T,short>::type shortT;
-    typedef typename cimg::last<T,unsigned int>::type uintT;
-    typedef typename cimg::last<T,int>::type intT;
-    typedef typename cimg::last<T,unsigned long>::type ulongT;
-    typedef typename cimg::last<T,long>::type longT;
-    typedef typename cimg::last<T,float>::type floatT;
-    typedef typename cimg::last<T,double>::type doubleT;
-
-    //@}
-    //---------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Plugins
-    //@{
-    //---------------------------
-#ifdef cimg_plugin
-#include cimg_plugin
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_plugin1
-#include cimg_plugin1
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_plugin2
-#include cimg_plugin2
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_plugin3
-#include cimg_plugin3
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_plugin4
-#include cimg_plugin4
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_plugin5
-#include cimg_plugin5
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_plugin6
-#include cimg_plugin6
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_plugin7
-#include cimg_plugin7
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_plugin8
-#include cimg_plugin8
-#endif
-
-    //@}
-    //---------------------------------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Constructors / Destructor / Instance Management
-    //@{
-    //---------------------------------------------------------
-
-    //! Destroy image.
-    /**
-       \note
-       - The pixel buffer data() is deallocated if necessary, e.g. for non-empty and non-shared image instances.
-       - Destroying an empty or shared image does nothing actually.
-       \warning
-       - When destroying a non-shared image, make sure that you will \e not operate on a remaining shared image
-         that shares its buffer with the destroyed instance, in order to avoid further invalid memory access
-         (to a deallocated buffer).
-    **/
-    ~CImg() {
-      if (!_is_shared) delete[] _data;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct empty image.
-    /**
-       \note
-       - An empty image has no pixel data and all of its dimensions width(), height(), depth(), spectrum()
-         are set to \c 0, as well as its pixel buffer pointer data().
-       - An empty image may be re-assigned afterwards, e.g. with the family of
-         assign(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int) methods,
-         or by operator=(const CImg<t>&). In all cases, the type of pixels stays \c T.
-       - An empty image is never shared.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImg<float> img1, img2;      // Construct two empty images.
-       img1.assign(256,256,1,3);    // Re-assign 'img1' to be a 256x256x1x3 (color) image.
-       img2 = img1.get_rand(0,255); // Re-assign 'img2' to be a random-valued version of 'img1'.
-       img2.assign();               // Re-assign 'img2' to be an empty image again.
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    CImg():_width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {}
-
-    //! Construct image with specified size.
-    /**
-       \param size_x Image width().
-       \param size_y Image height().
-       \param size_z Image depth().
-       \param size_c Image spectrum() (number of channels).
-       \note
-       - It is able to create only \e non-shared images, and allocates thus a pixel buffer data()
-         for each constructed image instance.
-       - Setting one dimension \c size_x,\c size_y,\c size_z or \c size_c to \c 0 leads to the construction of
-         an \e empty image.
-       - A \c CImgInstanceException is thrown when the pixel buffer cannot be allocated
-         (e.g. when requested size is too big for available memory).
-       \warning
-       - The allocated pixel buffer is \e not filled with a default value, and is likely to contain garbage values.
-         In order to initialize pixel values during construction (e.g. with \c 0), use constructor
-         CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,T) instead.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImg<float> img1(256,256,1,3);   // Construct a 256x256x1x3 (color) image, filled with garbage values.
-       CImg<float> img2(256,256,1,3,0); // Construct a 256x256x1x3 (color) image, filled with value '0'.
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    explicit CImg(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
-                  const unsigned int size_z=1, const unsigned int size_c=1):
-      _is_shared(false) {
-      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c;
-      if (siz) {
-        _width = size_x; _height = size_y; _depth = size_z; _spectrum = size_c;
-        try { _data = new T[siz]; } catch (...) {
-          _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
-          throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                      "CImg(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
-                                      cimg_instance,
-                                      cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(T)*size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c),
-                                      size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
-        }
-      } else { _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0; }
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values.
-    /**
-       \param size_x Image width().
-       \param size_y Image height().
-       \param size_z Image depth().
-       \param size_c Image spectrum() (number of channels).
-       \param value Initialization value.
-       \note
-       - Similar to CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int),
-         but it also fills the pixel buffer with the specified \c value.
-       \warning
-       - It cannot be used to construct a vector-valued image and initialize it with \e vector-valued pixels
-         (e.g. RGB vector, for color images).
-         For this task, you may use fillC() after construction.
-    **/
-    CImg(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
-         const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c, const T value):
-      _is_shared(false) {
-      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c;
-      if (siz) {
-        _width = size_x; _height = size_y; _depth = size_z; _spectrum = size_c;
-        try { _data = new T[siz]; } catch (...) {
-          _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
-          throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                      "CImg(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
-                                      cimg_instance,
-                                      cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(T)*size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c),
-                                      size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
-        }
-        fill(value);
-      } else { _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0; }
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a sequence of integers.
-    /**
-       Construct a new image instance of size \c size_x x \c size_y x \c size_z x \c size_c,
-       with pixels of type \c T, and initialize pixel
-       values from the specified sequence of integers \c value0,\c value1,\c ...
-       \param size_x Image width().
-       \param size_y Image height().
-       \param size_z Image depth().
-       \param size_c Image spectrum() (number of channels).
-       \param value0 First value of the initialization sequence (must be an \e integer).
-       \param value1 Second value of the initialization sequence (must be an \e integer).
-       \param ...
-       \note
-       - Similar to CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int), but it also fills
-         the pixel buffer with a sequence of specified integer values.
-       \warning
-       - You must specify \e exactly \c size_x*\c size_y*\c size_z*\c size_c integers in the initialization sequence.
-         Otherwise, the constructor may crash or fill your image pixels with garbage.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img(2,2,1,3,      // Construct a 2x2 color (RGB) image.
-                             0,255,0,255,  // Set the 4 values for the red component.
-                             0,0,255,255,  // Set the 4 values for the green component.
-                             64,64,64,64); // Set the 4 values for the blue component.
-       img.resize(150,150).display();
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_constructor1.jpg
-     **/
-    CImg(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y, const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c,
-         const int value0, const int value1, ...):
-      _width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
-#define _CImg_stdarg(img,a0,a1,N,t) { \
-	unsigned long _siz = (unsigned long)N; \
-	if (_siz--) { \
-	  va_list ap; \
-	  va_start(ap,a1); \
-	  T *ptrd = (img)._data; \
-	  *(ptrd++) = (T)a0; \
-	  if (_siz--) { \
-	    *(ptrd++) = (T)a1; \
-	    for (; _siz; --_siz) *(ptrd++) = (T)va_arg(ap,t); \
-	  } \
-	  va_end(ap); \
-	} \
-      }
-      assign(size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
-      _CImg_stdarg(*this,value0,value1,(unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c,int);
-    }
-
-#ifdef cimg_use_cpp11
-    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from an initializer list of integers.
-    /**
-       Construct a new image instance of size \c size_x x \c size_y x \c size_z x \c size_c,
-       with pixels of type \c T, and initialize pixel
-       values from the specified initializer list of integers { \c value0,\c value1,\c ... }
-       \param size_x Image width().
-       \param size_y Image height().
-       \param size_z Image depth().
-       \param size_c Image spectrum() (number of channels).
-       \param { value0, value1, ... } Initialization list
-       \param repeat_values Tells if the value filling process is repeated over the image.
-
-       \note
-       - Similar to CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int), but it also fills
-         the pixel buffer with a sequence of specified integer values.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img(2,2,1,3,      // Construct a 2x2 color (RGB) image.
-                             { 0,255,0,255,    // Set the 4 values for the red component.
-                               0,0,255,255,    // Set the 4 values for the green component.
-                               64,64,64,64 }); // Set the 4 values for the blue component.
-       img.resize(150,150).display();
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_constructor1.jpg
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y, const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c,
-         const std::initializer_list<t> values,
-	 const bool repeat_values=true):
-      _width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
-#define _cimg_constructor_cpp11(repeat_values) \
-  auto it = values.begin(); \
-  unsigned long siz = size(); \
-  if (repeat_values) for (T *ptrd = _data; siz--; ) { \
-    *(ptrd++) = (T)(*(it++)); if (it==values.end()) it = values.begin(); } \
-  else { siz = cimg::min(siz,values.size()); for (T *ptrd = _data; siz--; ) *(ptrd++) = (T)(*(it++)); }
-      assign(size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
-      _cimg_constructor_cpp11(repeat_values);
-    }
-
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y, const unsigned int size_z,
-         std::initializer_list<t> values,
-	 const bool repeat_values=true):
-      _width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
-      assign(size_x,size_y,size_z);
-      _cimg_constructor_cpp11(repeat_values);
-    }
-
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
-         std::initializer_list<t> values,
-	 const bool repeat_values=true):
-      _width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
-      assign(size_x,size_y);
-      _cimg_constructor_cpp11(repeat_values);
-    }
-
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg(const unsigned int size_x,
-         std::initializer_list<t> values,
-         const bool repeat_values=true):_width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
-      assign(size_x);
-      _cimg_constructor_cpp11(repeat_values);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct single channel 1D image with pixel values and width obtained from an initializer list of integers.
-    /**
-       Construct a new image instance of size \c width x \c 1 x \c 1 x \c 1,
-       with pixels of type \c T, and initialize pixel
-       values from the specified initializer list of integers { \c value0,\c value1,\c ... }. Image width is
-       given by the size of the initializer list.
-       \param { value0, value1, ... } Initialization list
-       \note
-       - Similar to CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int) with height=1, depth=1, and spectrum=1,
-         but it also fills the pixel buffer with a sequence of specified integer values.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img = {10,20,30,20,10 }; // Construct a 5x1 image with one channel, and set its pixel values.
-       img.resize(150,150).display();
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_constructor1.jpg
-     **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg(const std::initializer_list<t> values):
-      _width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
-      assign(values.size(),1,1,1);
-      auto it = values.begin();
-      unsigned long siz = _width;
-      for (T *ptrd = _data; siz--; ) *(ptrd++) = (T)(*(it++));
-    }
-
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> & operator=(std::initializer_list<t> values) {
-      _cimg_constructor_cpp11(siz>values.size());
-      return *this;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a sequence of doubles.
-    /**
-       Construct a new image instance of size \c size_x x \c size_y x \c size_z x \c size_c, with pixels of type \c T,
-       and initialize pixel values from the specified sequence of doubles \c value0,\c value1,\c ...
-       \param size_x Image width().
-       \param size_y Image height().
-       \param size_z Image depth().
-       \param size_c Image spectrum() (number of channels).
-       \param value0 First value of the initialization sequence (must be a \e double).
-       \param value1 Second value of the initialization sequence (must be a \e double).
-       \param ...
-       \note
-       - Similar to CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,int,int,...), but
-         takes a sequence of double values instead of integers.
-       \warning
-       - You must specify \e exactly \c dx*\c dy*\c dz*\c dc doubles in the initialization sequence.
-         Otherwise, the constructor may crash or fill your image with garbage.
-         For instance, the code below will probably crash on most platforms:
-         \code
-         const CImg<float> img(2,2,1,1, 0.5,0.5,255,255); // FAIL: The two last arguments are 'int', not 'double'!
-         \endcode
-     **/
-    CImg(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y, const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c,
-         const double value0, const double value1, ...):
-      _width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
-      assign(size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
-      _CImg_stdarg(*this,value0,value1,(unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c,double);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a value string.
-    /**
-       Construct a new image instance of size \c size_x x \c size_y x \c size_z x \c size_c, with pixels of type \c T,
-       and initializes pixel values from the specified string \c values.
-       \param size_x Image width().
-       \param size_y Image height().
-       \param size_z Image depth().
-       \param size_c Image spectrum() (number of channels).
-       \param values Value string describing the way pixel values are set.
-       \param repeat_values Tells if the value filling process is repeated over the image.
-       \note
-       - Similar to CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int), but it also fills
-         the pixel buffer with values described in the value string \c values.
-       - Value string \c values may describe two different filling processes:
-         - Either \c values is a sequences of values assigned to the image pixels, as in <tt>"1,2,3,7,8,2"</tt>.
-           In this case, set \c repeat_values to \c true to periodically fill the image with the value sequence.
-         - Either, \c values is a formula, as in <tt>"cos(x/10)*sin(y/20)"</tt>.
-           In this case, parameter \c repeat_values is pointless.
-       - For both cases, specifying \c repeat_values is mandatory.
-         It disambiguates the possible overloading of constructor
-         CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,T) with \c T being a <tt>const char*</tt>.
-       - A \c CImgArgumentException is thrown when an invalid value string \c values is specified.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img1(129,129,1,3,"0,64,128,192,255",true),                   // Construct image filled from a value sequence.
-                         img2(129,129,1,3,"if(c==0,255*abs(cos(x/10)),1.8*y)",false); // Construct image filled from a formula.
-       (img1,img2).display();
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_constructor2.jpg
-     **/
-    CImg(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y, const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c,
-	 const char *const values, const bool repeat_values):_is_shared(false) {
-      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c;
-      if (siz) {
-        _width = size_x; _height = size_y; _depth = size_z; _spectrum = size_c;
-        try { _data = new T[siz]; } catch (...) {
-          _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
-          throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                      "CImg(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
-                                      cimg_instance,
-                                      cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(T)*size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c),
-                                      size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
-        }
-        fill(values,repeat_values);
-      } else { _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0; }
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a memory buffer.
-    /**
-       Construct a new image instance of size \c size_x x \c size_y x \c size_z x \c size_c, with pixels of type \c T,
-       and initializes pixel values from the specified \c t* memory buffer.
-       \param values Pointer to the input memory buffer.
-       \param size_x Image width().
-       \param size_y Image height().
-       \param size_z Image depth().
-       \param size_c Image spectrum() (number of channels).
-       \param is_shared Tells if input memory buffer must be shared by the current instance.
-       \note
-       - If \c is_shared is \c false, the image instance allocates its own pixel buffer,
-         and values from the specified input buffer are copied to the instance buffer.
-         If buffer types \c T and \c t are different, a regular static cast is performed during buffer copy.
-       - Otherwise, the image instance does \e not allocate a new buffer, and uses the input memory buffer as its
-         own pixel buffer. This case requires that types \c T and \c t are the same. Later, destroying such a shared
-         image will not deallocate the pixel buffer, this task being obviously charged to the initial buffer allocator.
-       - A \c CImgInstanceException is thrown when the pixel buffer cannot be allocated
-         (e.g. when requested size is too big for available memory).
-       \warning
-       - You must take care when operating on a shared image, since it may have an invalid pixel buffer pointer data()
-         (e.g. already deallocated).
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       unsigned char tab[256*256] = { 0 };
-       CImg<unsigned char> img1(tab,256,256,1,1,false), // Construct new non-shared image from buffer 'tab'.
-                           img2(tab,256,256,1,1,true);  // Construct new shared-image from buffer 'tab'.
-       tab[1024] = 255;                                 // Here, 'img2' is indirectly modified, but not 'img1'.
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg(const t *const values, const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
-         const unsigned int size_z=1, const unsigned int size_c=1, const bool is_shared=false):_is_shared(false) {
-      if (is_shared) {
-        _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "CImg(): Invalid construction request of a (%u,%u,%u,%u) shared instance "
-                                    "from a (%s*) buffer (pixel types are different).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c,CImg<t>::pixel_type());
-      }
-      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c;
-      if (values && siz) {
-        _width = size_x; _height = size_y; _depth = size_z; _spectrum = size_c;
-        try { _data = new T[siz]; } catch (...) {
-          _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
-          throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                      "CImg(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
-                                      cimg_instance,
-                                      cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(T)*size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c),
-                                      size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
-
-        }
-        const t *ptrs = values; cimg_for(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)*(ptrs++);
-      } else { _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0; }
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a memory buffer \specialization.
-    CImg(const T *const values, const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
-         const unsigned int size_z=1, const unsigned int size_c=1, const bool is_shared=false) {
-      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c;
-      if (values && siz) {
-        _width = size_x; _height = size_y; _depth = size_z; _spectrum = size_c; _is_shared = is_shared;
-        if (_is_shared) _data = const_cast<T*>(values);
-        else {
-          try { _data = new T[siz]; } catch (...) {
-            _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
-            throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                        "CImg(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
-                                        cimg_instance,
-                                        cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(T)*size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c),
-                                        size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
-          }
-          std::memcpy(_data,values,siz*sizeof(T)); }
-      } else { _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _is_shared = false; _data = 0; }
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image from reading an image file.
-    /**
-       Construct a new image instance with pixels of type \c T, and initialize pixel values with the data read from
-       an image file.
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \note
-       - Similar to CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int), but it reads the image
-         dimensions and pixel values from the specified image file.
-       - The recognition of the image file format by %CImg higly depends on the tools installed on your system
-         and on the external libraries you used to link your code against.
-       - Considered pixel type \c T should better fit the file format specification, or data loss may occur during
-         file load (e.g. constructing a \c CImg<unsigned char> from a float-valued image file).
-       - A \c CImgIOException is thrown when the specified \c filename cannot be read, or if the file format is not
-         recognized.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg");
-       img.display();
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_image.jpg
-    **/
-    explicit CImg(const char *const filename):_width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
-      assign(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image copy.
-    /**
-       Construct a new image instance with pixels of type \c T, as a copy of an existing \c CImg<t> instance.
-       \param img Input image to copy.
-       \note
-       - Constructed copy has the same size width() x height() x depth() x spectrum() and pixel values as the
-         input image \c img.
-       - If input image \c img is \e shared and if types \c T and \c t are the same, the constructed copy is also
-         \e shared, and shares its pixel buffer with \c img.
-         Modifying a pixel value in the constructed copy will thus also modifies it in the input image \c img.
-         This behavior is needful to allow functions to return shared images.
-       - Otherwise, the constructed copy allocates its own pixel buffer, and copies pixel values from the input
-         image \c img into its buffer. The copied pixel values may be eventually statically casted if types \c T and
-         \c t are different.
-       - Constructing a copy from an image \c img when types \c t and \c T are the same is significantly faster than
-         with different types.
-       - A \c CImgInstanceException is thrown when the pixel buffer cannot be allocated
-         (e.g. not enough available memory).
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg(const CImg<t>& img):_is_shared(false) {
-      const unsigned long siz = img.size();
-      if (img._data && siz) {
-        _width = img._width; _height = img._height; _depth = img._depth; _spectrum = img._spectrum;
-        try { _data = new T[siz]; } catch (...) {
-          _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
-          throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                      "CImg(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
-                                      cimg_instance,
-                                      cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(T)*img._width*img._height*img._depth*img._spectrum),
-                                      img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum);
-        }
-        const t *ptrs = img._data; cimg_for(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)*(ptrs++);
-      } else { _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0; }
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image copy \specialization.
-    CImg(const CImg<T>& img) {
-      const unsigned long siz = img.size();
-      if (img._data && siz) {
-        _width = img._width; _height = img._height; _depth = img._depth; _spectrum = img._spectrum;
-        _is_shared = img._is_shared;
-        if (_is_shared) _data = const_cast<T*>(img._data);
-        else {
-          try { _data = new T[siz]; } catch (...) {
-            _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
-            throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                        "CImg(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
-                                        cimg_instance,
-                                        cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(T)*img._width*img._height*img._depth*img._spectrum),
-                                        img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum);
-
-          }
-          std::memcpy(_data,img._data,siz*sizeof(T));
-        }
-      } else { _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _is_shared = false; _data = 0; }
-    }
-
-    //! Advanced copy constructor.
-    /**
-       Construct a new image instance with pixels of type \c T, as a copy of an existing \c CImg<t> instance,
-       while forcing the shared state of the constructed copy.
-       \param img Input image to copy.
-       \param is_shared Tells about the shared state of the constructed copy.
-       \note
-       - Similar to CImg(const CImg<t>&), except that it allows to decide the shared state of
-         the constructed image, which does not depend anymore on the shared state of the input image \c img:
-         - If \c is_shared is \c true, the constructed copy will share its pixel buffer with the input image \c img.
-           For that case, the pixel types \c T and \c t \e must be the same.
-         - If \c is_shared is \c false, the constructed copy will allocate its own pixel buffer, whether the input
-           image \c img is shared or not.
-       - A \c CImgArgumentException is thrown when a shared copy is requested with different pixel types \c T and \c t.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg(const CImg<t>& img, const bool is_shared):_is_shared(false) {
-      if (is_shared) {
-        _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "CImg(): Invalid construction request of a shared instance from a "
-                                    "CImg<%s> image (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) (pixel types are different).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    CImg<t>::pixel_type(),img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum,img._data);
-      }
-      const unsigned long siz = img.size();
-      if (img._data && siz) {
-        _width = img._width; _height = img._height; _depth = img._depth; _spectrum = img._spectrum;
-        try { _data = new T[siz]; } catch (...) {
-          _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
-          throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                      "CImg(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
-                                      cimg_instance,
-                                      cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(T)*img._width*img._height*img._depth*img._spectrum),
-                                      img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum);
-        }
-        const t *ptrs = img._data; cimg_for(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)*(ptrs++);
-      } else { _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0; }
-    }
-
-    //! Advanced copy constructor \specialization.
-    CImg(const CImg<T>& img, const bool is_shared) {
-      const unsigned long siz = img.size();
-      if (img._data && siz) {
-        _width = img._width; _height = img._height; _depth = img._depth; _spectrum = img._spectrum;
-        _is_shared = is_shared;
-        if (_is_shared) _data = const_cast<T*>(img._data);
-        else {
-          try { _data = new T[siz]; } catch (...) {
-            _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
-            throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                        "CImg(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
-                                        cimg_instance,
-                                        cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(T)*img._width*img._height*img._depth*img._spectrum),
-                                        img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum);
-          }
-          std::memcpy(_data,img._data,siz*sizeof(T));
-        }
-      } else { _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _is_shared = false; _data = 0; }
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image with dimensions borrowed from another image.
-    /**
-       Construct a new image instance with pixels of type \c T, and size get from some dimensions of an existing
-       \c CImg<t> instance.
-       \param img Input image from which dimensions are borrowed.
-       \param dimensions C-string describing the image size along the X,Y,Z and C-dimensions.
-       \note
-       - Similar to CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int), but it takes the image dimensions
-         (\e not its pixel values) from an existing \c CImg<t> instance.
-       - The allocated pixel buffer is \e not filled with a default value, and is likely to contain garbage values.
-         In order to initialize pixel values (e.g. with \c 0), use constructor CImg(const CImg<t>&,const char*,T)
-         instead.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img1(256,128,1,3),      // 'img1' is a 256x128x1x3 image.
-                         img2(img1,"xyzc"),      // 'img2' is a 256x128x1x3 image.
-                         img3(img1,"y,x,z,c"),   // 'img3' is a 128x256x1x3 image.
-                         img4(img1,"c,x,y,3",0), // 'img4' is a 3x128x256x3 image (with pixels initialized to '0').
-       \endcode
-     **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg(const CImg<t>& img, const char *const dimensions):
-      _width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
-      assign(img,dimensions);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image with dimensions borrowed from another image and initialize pixel values.
-    /**
-       Construct a new image instance with pixels of type \c T, and size get from the dimensions of an existing
-       \c CImg<t> instance, and set all pixel values to specified \c value.
-       \param img Input image from which dimensions are borrowed.
-       \param dimensions String describing the image size along the X,Y,Z and V-dimensions.
-       \param value Value used for initialization.
-       \note
-       - Similar to CImg(const CImg<t>&,const char*), but it also fills the pixel buffer with the specified \c value.
-     **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg(const CImg<t>& img, const char *const dimensions, const T value):
-      _width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
-      assign(img,dimensions).fill(value);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image from a display window.
-    /**
-       Construct a new image instance with pixels of type \c T, as a snapshot of an existing \c CImgDisplay instance.
-       \param disp Input display window.
-       \note
-       - The width() and height() of the constructed image instance are the same as the specified \c CImgDisplay.
-       - The depth() and spectrum() of the constructed image instance are respectively set to \c 1 and \c 3
-         (i.e. a 2d color image).
-       - The image pixels are read as 8-bits RGB values.
-     **/
-    explicit CImg(const CImgDisplay &disp):_width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
-      disp.snapshot(*this);
-    }
-
-    // Constructor and assignment operator for rvalue references (c++11).
-    // This avoids an additional image copy for methods returning new images. Can save RAM for big images !
-#ifdef cimg_use_cpp11
-    CImg(CImg<T>&& img):_width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
-      swap(img);
-    }
-    CImg<T>& operator=(CImg<T>&& img) {
-      if (_is_shared) return assign(img);
-      return img.swap(*this);
-    }
-#endif
-
-    //! Construct empty image \inplace.
-    /**
-       In-place version of the default constructor CImg(). It simply resets the instance to an empty image.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& assign() {
-      if (!_is_shared) delete[] _data;
-      _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _is_shared = false; _data = 0;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image with specified size \inplace.
-    /**
-       In-place version of the constructor CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int).
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& assign(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
-                    const unsigned int size_z=1, const unsigned int size_c=1) {
-      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c;
-      if (!siz) return assign();
-      const unsigned long curr_siz = size();
-      if (siz!=curr_siz) {
-	if (_is_shared)
-          throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                      "assign(): Invalid assignement request of shared instance from specified "
-                                      "image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
-                                      cimg_instance,
-                                      size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
-	else {
-          delete[] _data;
-          try { _data = new T[siz]; } catch (...) {
-            _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
-            throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                        "assign(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
-                                        cimg_instance,
-                                        cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(T)*size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c),
-                                        size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      _width = size_x; _height = size_y; _depth = size_z; _spectrum = size_c;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values \inplace.
-    /**
-       In-place version of the constructor CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,T).
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& assign(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
-                    const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c, const T value) {
-      return assign(size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c).fill(value);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a sequence of integers \inplace.
-    /**
-       In-place version of the constructor CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,int,int,...).
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& assign(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
-                    const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c,
-                    const int value0, const int value1, ...) {
-      assign(size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
-      _CImg_stdarg(*this,value0,value1,(unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c,int);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a sequence of doubles \inplace.
-    /**
-       In-place version of the constructor CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,double,double,...).
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& assign(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
-                    const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c,
-                    const double value0, const double value1, ...) {
-      assign(size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
-      _CImg_stdarg(*this,value0,value1,(unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c,double);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a value string \inplace.
-    /**
-       In-place version of the constructor CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,const char*,bool).
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& assign(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
-                    const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c,
-                    const char *const values, const bool repeat_values) {
-      return assign(size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c).fill(values,repeat_values);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a memory buffer \inplace.
-    /**
-       In-place version of the constructor CImg(const t*,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int).
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& assign(const t *const values, const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
-                    const unsigned int size_z=1, const unsigned int size_c=1) {
-      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c;
-      if (!values || !siz) return assign();
-      assign(size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
-      const t *ptrs = values; cimg_for(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)*(ptrs++);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a memory buffer \specialization.
-    CImg<T>& assign(const T *const values, const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
-                    const unsigned int size_z=1, const unsigned int size_c=1) {
-      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c;
-      if (!values || !siz) return assign();
-      const unsigned long curr_siz = size();
-      if (values==_data && siz==curr_siz) return assign(size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
-      if (_is_shared || values+siz<_data || values>=_data+size()) {
-        assign(size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
-        if (_is_shared) std::memmove(_data,values,siz*sizeof(T));
-        else std::memcpy(_data,values,siz*sizeof(T));
-      } else {
-        T *new_data = 0;
-        try { new_data = new T[siz]; } catch (...) {
-          _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
-          throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                      "assign(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
-                                      cimg_instance,
-                                      cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(T)*size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c),
-                                      size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
-        }
-        std::memcpy(new_data,values,siz*sizeof(T));
-        delete[] _data; _data = new_data; _width = size_x; _height = size_y; _depth = size_z; _spectrum = size_c;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a memory buffer \overloading.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& assign(const t *const values, const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
-                    const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c, const bool is_shared) {
-      if (is_shared)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "assign(): Invalid assignment request of shared instance from (%s*) buffer"
-                                    "(pixel types are different).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    CImg<t>::pixel_type());
-      return assign(values,size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a memory buffer \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& assign(const T *const values, const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
-                    const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c, const bool is_shared) {
-      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c;
-      if (!values || !siz) {
-        if (is_shared)
-          throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                      "assign(): Invalid assignment request of shared instance from (null) or "
-                                      "empty buffer.",
-                                      cimg_instance);
-        else return assign();
-      }
-      if (!is_shared) { if (_is_shared) assign(); assign(values,size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c); }
-      else {
-	if (!_is_shared) {
-	  if (values+siz<_data || values>=_data+size()) assign();
-	  else cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                          "assign(): Shared image instance has overlapping memory.",
-                          cimg_instance);
-	}
-	_width = size_x; _height = size_y; _depth = size_z; _spectrum = size_c; _is_shared = true;
-	_data = const_cast<T*>(values);
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image from reading an image file \inplace.
-    /**
-       In-place version of the constructor CImg(const char*).
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& assign(const char *const filename) {
-      return load(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image copy \inplace.
-    /**
-       In-place version of the constructor CImg(const CImg<t>&).
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& assign(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      return assign(img._data,img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum);
-    }
-
-    //! In-place version of the advanced copy constructor.
-    /**
-       In-place version of the constructor CImg(const CImg<t>&,bool).
-     **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& assign(const CImg<t>& img, const bool is_shared) {
-      return assign(img._data,img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum,is_shared);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image with dimensions borrowed from another image \inplace.
-    /**
-       In-place version of the constructor CImg(const CImg<t>&,const char*).
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& assign(const CImg<t>& img, const char *const dimensions) {
-      if (!dimensions || !*dimensions) return assign(img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum);
-      unsigned int siz[4] = { 0,1,1,1 }, k = 0;
-      for (const char *s = dimensions; *s && k<4; ++k) {
-        char item[256] = { 0 };
-        if (std::sscanf(s,"%255[^0-9%xyzvwhdcXYZVWHDC]",item)>0) s+=std::strlen(item);
-        if (*s) {
-          unsigned int val = 0; char sep = 0;
-          if (std::sscanf(s,"%u%c",&val,&sep)>0) {
-            if (sep=='%') siz[k] = val*(k==0?_width:k==1?_height:k==2?_depth:_spectrum)/100;
-            else siz[k] = val;
-            while (*s>='0' && *s<='9') ++s; if (sep=='%') ++s;
-          } else switch (cimg::uncase(*s)) {
-          case 'x' : case 'w' : siz[k] = img._width; ++s; break;
-          case 'y' : case 'h' : siz[k] = img._height; ++s; break;
-          case 'z' : case 'd' : siz[k] = img._depth; ++s; break;
-          case 'c' : case 's' : siz[k] = img._spectrum; ++s; break;
-          default :
-            throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                        "assign(): Invalid character '%c' detected in specified dimension string '%s'.",
-                                        cimg_instance,
-                                        *s,dimensions);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return assign(siz[0],siz[1],siz[2],siz[3]);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image with dimensions borrowed from another image and initialize pixel values \inplace.
-    /**
-       In-place version of the constructor CImg(const CImg<t>&,const char*,T).
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& assign(const CImg<t>& img, const char *const dimensions, const T value) {
-      return assign(img,dimensions).fill(value);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct image from a display window \inplace.
-    /**
-       In-place version of the constructor CImg(const CImgDisplay&).
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& assign(const CImgDisplay &disp) {
-      disp.snapshot(*this);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct empty image \inplace.
-    /**
-       Equivalent to assign().
-       \note
-       - It has been defined for compatibility with STL naming conventions.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& clear() {
-      return assign();
-    }
-
-    //! Transfer content of an image instance into another one.
-    /**
-       Transfer the dimensions and the pixel buffer content of an image instance into another one,
-       and replace instance by an empty image. It avoids the copy of the pixel buffer
-       when possible.
-       \param img Destination image.
-       \note
-       - Pixel types \c T and \c t of source and destination images can be different, though the process is
-         designed to be instantaneous when \c T and \c t are the same.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImg<float> src(256,256,1,3,0), // Construct a 256x256x1x3 (color) image filled with value '0'.
-                   dest(16,16);        // Construct a 16x16x1x1 (scalar) image.
-       src.move_to(dest);              // Now, 'src' is empty and 'dest' is the 256x256x1x3 image.
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<t>& move_to(CImg<t>& img) {
-      img.assign(*this);
-      assign();
-      return img;
-    }
-
-    //! Transfer content of an image instance into another one \specialization.
-    CImg<T>& move_to(CImg<T>& img) {
-      if (_is_shared || img._is_shared) img.assign(*this);
-      else swap(img);
-      assign();
-      return img;
-    }
-
-    //! Transfer content of an image instance into a new image in an image list.
-    /**
-       Transfer the dimensions and the pixel buffer content of an image instance
-       into a newly inserted image at position \c pos in specified \c CImgList<t> instance.
-       \param list Destination list.
-       \param pos Position of the newly inserted image in the list.
-       \note
-       - When optionnal parameter \c pos is ommited, the image instance is transfered as a new
-         image at the end of the specified \c list.
-       - It is convenient to sequentially insert new images into image lists, with no
-         additional copies of memory buffer.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImgList<float> list;             // Construct an empty image list.
-       CImg<float> img("reference.jpg"); // Read image from filename.
-       img.move_to(list);                // Transfer image content as a new item in the list (no buffer copy).
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<t>& move_to(CImgList<t>& list, const unsigned int pos=~0U) {
-      const unsigned int npos = pos>list._width?list._width:pos;
-      move_to(list.insert(1,npos)[npos]);
-      return list;
-    }
-
-    //! Swap fields of two image instances.
-    /**
-      \param img Image to swap fields with.
-      \note
-      - It can be used to interchange the content of two images in a very fast way. Can be convenient when dealing
-        with algorithms requiring two swapping buffers.
-      \par Example
-      \code
-      CImg<float> img1("lena.jpg"),
-                  img2("milla.jpg");
-      img1.swap(img2);               // Now, 'img1' is 'milla' and 'img2' is 'lena'.
-      \endcode
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& swap(CImg<T>& img) {
-      cimg::swap(_width,img._width);
-      cimg::swap(_height,img._height);
-      cimg::swap(_depth,img._depth);
-      cimg::swap(_spectrum,img._spectrum);
-      cimg::swap(_data,img._data);
-      cimg::swap(_is_shared,img._is_shared);
-      return img;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to an empty image.
-    /**
-       \note
-       This function is useful mainly to declare optional parameters having type \c CImg<T> in functions prototypes,
-       e.g.
-       \code
-       void f(const int x=0, const int y=0, const CImg<float>& img=CImg<float>::empty());
-       \endcode
-     **/
-    static CImg<T>& empty() {
-      static CImg<T> _empty;
-      return _empty.assign();
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //------------------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Overloaded Operators
-    //@{
-    //------------------------------------------
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value.
-    /**
-       Return a reference to a located pixel value of the image instance,
-       being possibly \e const, whether the image instance is \e const or not.
-       This is the standard method to get/set pixel values in \c CImg<T> images.
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \note
-       - Range of pixel coordinates start from <tt>(0,0,0,0)</tt> to
-         <tt>(width()-1,height()-1,depth()-1,spectrum()-1)</tt>.
-       - Due to the particular arrangement of the pixel buffers defined in %CImg, you can omit one coordinate if the
-         corresponding dimension is equal to \c 1.
-         For instance, pixels of a 2d image (depth() equal to \c 1) can be accessed by <tt>img(x,y,c)</tt> instead of
-         <tt>img(x,y,0,c)</tt>.
-       \warning
-       - There is \e no boundary checking done in this operator, to make it as fast as possible.
-         You \e must take care of out-of-bounds access by yourself, if necessary.
-         For debuging purposes, you may want to define macro \c 'cimg_verbosity'>=3 to enable additional boundary
-         checking operations in this operator. In that case, warning messages will be printed on the error output
-         when accessing out-of-bounds pixels.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImg<float> img(100,100,1,3,0);                   // Construct a 100x100x1x3 (color) image with pixels set to '0'.
-       const float
-          valR = img(10,10,0,0),                         // Read red value at coordinates (10,10).
-          valG = img(10,10,0,1),                         // Read green value at coordinates (10,10)
-          valB = img(10,10,2),                           // Read blue value at coordinates (10,10) (Z-coordinate can be omitted).
-          avg = (valR + valG + valB)/3;                  // Compute average pixel value.
-       img(10,10,0) = img(10,10,1) = img(10,10,2) = avg; // Replace the color pixel (10,10) by the average grey value.
-       \endcode
-    **/
-#if cimg_verbosity>=3
-    T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y=0,
-                  const unsigned int z=0, const unsigned int c=0) {
-      const unsigned long off = (unsigned long)offset(x,y,z,c);
-      if (!_data || off>=size()) {
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "operator(): Invalid pixel request, at coordinates (%u,%u,%u,%u) [offset=%u].",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   x,y,z,c,off);
-        return *_data;
-      }
-      else return _data[off];
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value \const.
-    const T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y=0,
-                        const unsigned int z=0, const unsigned int c=0) const {
-      return const_cast<CImg<T>*>(this)->operator()(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value.
-    /**
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param wh Precomputed offset, must be equal to <tt>width()*\ref height()</tt>.
-       \param whd Precomputed offset, must be equal to <tt>width()*\ref height()*\ref depth()</tt>.
-       \note
-       - Similar to (but faster than) operator()().
-         It uses precomputed offsets to optimize memory access. You may use it to optimize
-         the reading/writing of several pixel values in the same image (e.g. in a loop).
-     **/
-    T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int c,
-                  const unsigned long wh, const unsigned long whd=0) {
-      cimg::unused(wh,whd);
-      return (*this)(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value \const.
-    const T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int c,
-                        const unsigned long wh, const unsigned long whd=0) const {
-      cimg::unused(wh,whd);
-      return (*this)(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-#else
-    T& operator()(const unsigned int x) {
-      return _data[x];
-    }
-
-    const T& operator()(const unsigned int x) const {
-      return _data[x];
-    }
-
-    T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y) {
-      return _data[x + y*_width];
-    }
-
-    const T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y) const {
-      return _data[x + y*_width];
-    }
-
-    T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z) {
-      return _data[x + y*(unsigned long)_width + z*(unsigned long)_width*_height];
-   }
-
-    const T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z) const {
-      return _data[x + y*(unsigned long)_width + z*(unsigned long)_width*_height];
-    }
-
-    T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int c) {
-      return _data[x + y*(unsigned long)_width + z*(unsigned long)_width*_height +
-                   c*(unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth];
-    }
-
-    const T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int c) const {
-      return _data[x + y*(unsigned long)_width + z*(unsigned long)_width*_height +
-                   c*(unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth];
-    }
-
-    T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int,
-                  const unsigned long wh) {
-      return _data[x + y*_width + z*wh];
-    }
-
-    const T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int,
-                        const unsigned long wh) const {
-      return _data[x + y*_width + z*wh];
-    }
-
-    T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int c,
-                  const unsigned long wh, const unsigned long whd) {
-      return _data[x + y*_width + z*wh + c*whd];
-    }
-
-    const T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int c,
-                        const unsigned long wh, const unsigned long whd) const {
-      return _data[x + y*_width + z*wh + c*whd];
-    }
-#endif
-
-    //! Implicitely cast an image into a \c T*.
-    /**
-       Implicitely cast a \c CImg<T> instance into a \c T* or \c const \c T* pointer, whether the image instance
-       is \e const or not. The returned pointer points on the first value of the image pixel buffer.
-       \note
-       - It simply returns the pointer data() to the pixel buffer.
-       - This implicit conversion is convenient to test the empty state of images (data() being \c 0 in this case), e.g.
-       \code
-       CImg<float> img1(100,100), img2; // 'img1' is a 100x100 image, 'img2' is an empty image.
-       if (img1) {                      // Test succeeds, 'img1' is not an empty image.
-         if (!img2) {                   // Test succeeds, 'img2' is an empty image.
-           std::printf("'img1' is not empty, 'img2' is empty.");
-         }
-       }
-       \endcode
-       - It also allows to use brackets to access pixel values, without need for a \c CImg<T>::operator[](), e.g.
-       \code
-       CImg<float> img(100,100);
-       const float value = img[99]; // Access to value of the last pixel on the first row.
-       img[510] = 255;              // Set pixel value at (10,5).
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    operator T*() {
-      return _data;
-    }
-
-    //! Implicitely cast an image into a \c T* \const.
-    operator const T*() const {
-      return _data;
-    }
-
-    //! Assign a value to all image pixels.
-    /**
-       Assign specified \c value to each pixel value of the image instance.
-       \param value Value that will be assigned to image pixels.
-       \note
-       - The image size is never modified.
-       - The \c value may be casted to pixel type \c T if necessary.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImg<char> img(100,100); // Declare image (with garbage values).
-       img = 0;                 // Set all pixel values to '0'.
-       img = 1.2;               // Set all pixel values to '1' (cast of '1.2' as a 'char').
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& operator=(const T value) {
-      return fill(value);
-    }
-
-    //! Assign pixels values from a specified expression.
-    /**
-       Initialize all pixel values from the specified string \c expression.
-       \param expression Value string describing the way pixel values are set.
-       \note
-       - String parameter \c expression may describe different things:
-         - If \c expression is a list of values (as in \c "1,2,3,8,3,2"), or a formula (as in \c "(x*y)%255"),
-           the pixel values are set from specified \c expression and the image size is not modified.
-         - If \c expression is a filename (as in \c "reference.jpg"), the corresponding image file is loaded and
-           replace the image instance. The image size is modified if necessary.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImg<float> img1(100,100), img2(img1), img3(img1); // Declare three 100x100 scalar images with unitialized pixel values.
-       img1 = "0,50,100,150,200,250,200,150,100,50";      // Set pixel values of 'img1' from a value sequence.
-       img2 = "10*((x*y)%25)";                            // Set pixel values of 'img2' from a formula.
-       img3 = "reference.jpg";                            // Set pixel values of 'img3' from a file (image size is modified).
-       (img1,img2,img3).display();
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_operator_eq.jpg
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& operator=(const char *const expression) {
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      try {
-        fill(expression,true);
-      } catch (CImgException&) {
-        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-        load(expression);
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Copy an image into the current image instance.
-    /**
-       Similar to the in-place copy constructor assign(const CImg<t>&).
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& operator=(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      return assign(img);
-    }
-
-    //! Copy an image into the current image instance \specialization.
-    CImg<T>& operator=(const CImg<T>& img) {
-      return assign(img);
-    }
-
-    //! Copy the content of a display window to the current image instance.
-    /**
-       Similar to assign(const CImgDisplay&).
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& operator=(const CImgDisplay& disp) {
-      disp.snapshot(*this);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place addition operator.
-    /**
-       Add specified \c value to all pixels of an image instance.
-       \param value Value to add.
-       \note
-       - Resulting pixel values are casted to fit the pixel type \c T.
-         For instance, adding \c 0.2 to a \c CImg<char> is possible but does nothing indeed.
-       - Overflow values are treated as with standard C++ numeric types. For instance,
-       \code
-       CImg<unsigned char> img(100,100,1,1,255); // Construct a 100x100 image with pixel values '255'.
-       img+=1;                                   // Add '1' to each pixels -> Overflow.
-       // here all pixels of image 'img' are equal to '0'.
-       \endcode
-       - To prevent value overflow, you may want to consider pixel type \c T as \c float or \c double,
-         and use cut() after addition.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImg<unsigned char> img1("reference.jpg");          // Load a 8-bits RGB image (values in [0,255]).
-       CImg<float> img2(img1);                             // Construct a float-valued copy of 'img1'.
-       img2+=100;                                          // Add '100' to pixel values -> goes out of [0,255] but no problems with floats.
-       img2.cut(0,255);                                    // Cut values in [0,255] to fit the 'unsigned char' constraint.
-       img1 = img2;                                        // Rewrite safe result in 'unsigned char' version 'img1'.
-       const CImg<unsigned char> img3 = (img1 + 100).cut(0,255); // Do the same in a more simple and elegant way.
-       (img1,img2,img3).display();
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_operator_plus.jpg
-     **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& operator+=(const t value) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=524288)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd + value);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place addition operator.
-    /**
-       Add values to image pixels, according to the specified string \c expression.
-       \param expression Value string describing the way pixel values are added.
-       \note
-       - Similar to operator=(const char*), except that it adds values to the pixels of the current image instance,
-         instead of assigning them.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& operator+=(const char *const expression) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      try {
-        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
-        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"operator+=");
-        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
-        if (*expression=='<') cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd + mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
-        else if (*expression=='>') cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd + mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        else {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
-#pragma omp parallel
-            {
-              _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
-#pragma omp for collapse(3)
-              cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-                T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd + lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-              }
-            }
-          else
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd + mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        }
-      } catch (CImgException&) {
-        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-        *this+=CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,expression,true);
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place addition operator.
-    /**
-       Add values to image pixels, according to the values of the input image \c img.
-       \param img Input image to add.
-       \note
-       - The size of the image instance is never modified.
-       - It is not mandatory that input image \c img has the same size as the image instance.
-         If less values are available in \c img, then the values are added periodically. For instance, adding one
-         WxH scalar image (spectrum() equal to \c 1) to one WxH color image (spectrum() equal to \c 3)
-         means each color channel will be incremented with the same values at the same locations.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImg<float> img1("reference.jpg");                                   // Load a RGB color image (img1.spectrum()==3)
-       const CImg<float> img2(img1.width(),img.height(),1,1,"255*(x/w)^2"); // Construct a scalar shading (img2.spectrum()==1).
-       img1+=img2;                                                          // Add shading to each channel of 'img1'.
-       img1.cut(0,255);                                                     // Prevent [0,255] overflow.
-       (img2,img1).display();
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_operator_plus1.jpg
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& operator+=(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
-      if (siz && isiz) {
-        if (is_overlapped(img)) return *this+=+img;
-        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
-        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
-          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
-            *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd + *(ptrs++));
-        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd + *(ptrs++));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place increment operator (prefix).
-    /**
-       Add \c 1 to all image pixels, and return a reference to the current incremented image instance.
-       \note
-       - Writing \c ++img is equivalent to \c img+=1.
-     **/
-    CImg<T>& operator++() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=524288)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) ++*ptrd;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place increment operator (postfix).
-    /**
-       Add \c 1 to all image pixels, and return a new copy of the initial (pre-incremented) image instance.
-       \note
-       - Use the prefixed version operator++() if you don't need a copy of the initial
-         (pre-incremented) image instance, since a useless image copy may be expensive in terms of memory usage.
-     **/
-    CImg<T> operator++(int) {
-      const CImg<T> copy(*this,false);
-      ++*this;
-      return copy;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a non-shared copy of the image instance.
-    /**
-       \note
-       - Use this operator to ensure you get a non-shared copy of an image instance with same pixel type \c T.
-         Indeed, the usual copy constructor CImg<T>(const CImg<T>&) returns a shared copy of a shared input image,
-         and it may be not desirable to work on a regular copy (e.g. for a resize operation) if you have no
-         informations about the shared state of the input image.
-       - Writing \c (+img) is equivalent to \c CImg<T>(img,false).
-    **/
-    CImg<T> operator+() const {
-      return CImg<T>(*this,false);
-    }
-
-    //! Addition operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const t), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
-     **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<_cimg_Tt> operator+(const t value) const {
-      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false)+=value;
-    }
-
-    //! Addition operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const char*), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
-     **/
-    CImg<Tfloat> operator+(const char *const expression) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false)+=expression;
-    }
-
-    //! Addition operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const CImg<t>&), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
-     **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<_cimg_Tt> operator+(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false)+=img;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place substraction operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const t), except that it performs a substraction instead of an addition.
-     **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& operator-=(const t value) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=524288)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd - value);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place substraction operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const char*), except that it performs a substraction instead of an addition.
-     **/
-    CImg<T>& operator-=(const char *const expression) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      try {
-        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
-        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"operator-=");
-        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
-        if (*expression=='<') cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd - mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
-        else if (*expression=='>') cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd - mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        else {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
-#pragma omp parallel
-          {
-            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
-#pragma omp for collapse(3)
-            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
-              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd - lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-            }
-          }
-          else
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd - mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        }
-      } catch (CImgException&) {
-        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-        *this-=CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,expression,true);
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place substraction operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const CImg<t>&), except that it performs a substraction instead of an addition.
-     **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& operator-=(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
-      if (siz && isiz) {
-        if (is_overlapped(img)) return *this-=+img;
-        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
-        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
-          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
-            *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd - *(ptrs++));
-        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd - *(ptrs++));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place decrement operator (prefix).
-    /**
-       Similar to operator++(), except that it performs a decrement instead of an increment.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& operator--() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=524288)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = *ptrd-(T)1;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place decrement operator (postfix).
-    /**
-       Similar to operator++(int), except that it performs a decrement instead of an increment.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> operator--(int) {
-      const CImg<T> copy(*this,false);
-      --*this;
-      return copy;
-    }
-
-    //! Replace each pixel by its opposite value.
-    /**
-       \note
-       - If the computed opposite values are out-of-range, they are treated as with standard C++ numeric types.
-         For instance, the \c unsigned \c char opposite of \c 1 is \c 255.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<unsigned char>
-         img1("reference.jpg"),   // Load a RGB color image.
-         img2 = -img1;            // Compute its opposite (in 'unsigned char').
-       (img1,img2).display();
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_operator_minus.jpg
-     **/
-    CImg<T> operator-() const {
-      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,(T)0)-=*this;
-    }
-
-    //! Substraction operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator-=(const t), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<_cimg_Tt> operator-(const t value) const {
-      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false)-=value;
-    }
-
-    //! Substraction operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator-=(const char*), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
-    **/
-    CImg<Tfloat> operator-(const char *const expression) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false)-=expression;
-    }
-
-    //! Substraction operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator-=(const CImg<t>&), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<_cimg_Tt> operator-(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false)-=img;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place multiplication operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const t), except that it performs a multiplication instead of an addition.
-     **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& operator*=(const t value) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=262144)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd * value);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place multiplication operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const char*), except that it performs a multiplication instead of an addition.
-     **/
-    CImg<T>& operator*=(const char *const expression) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      try {
-        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
-        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"operator*=");
-        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
-        if (*expression=='<') cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd * mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
-        else if (*expression=='>') cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd * mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        else {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
-#pragma omp parallel
-          {
-            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
-#pragma omp for collapse(3)
-            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
-              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd * lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-            }
-          }
-          else
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd * mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        }
-      } catch (CImgException&) {
-        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-        mul(CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,expression,true));
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place multiplication operator.
-    /**
-       Replace the image instance by the matrix multiplication between the image instance and the specified matrix
-       \c img.
-       \param img Second operand of the matrix multiplication.
-       \note
-       - It does \e not compute a pointwise multiplication between two images. For this purpose, use
-         mul(const CImg<t>&) instead.
-       - The size of the image instance can be modified by this operator.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImg<float> A(2,2,1,1, 1,2,3,4);   // Construct 2x2 matrix A = [1,2;3,4].
-       const CImg<float> X(1,2,1,1, 1,2); // Construct 1x2 vector X = [1;2].
-       A*=X;                              // Assign matrix multiplication A*X to 'A'.
-       // 'A' is now a 1x2 vector whose values are [5;11].
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& operator*=(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      return ((*this)*img).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Multiplication operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator*=(const t), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<_cimg_Tt> operator*(const t value) const {
-      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false)*=value;
-    }
-
-    //! Multiplication operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator*=(const char*), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
-    **/
-    CImg<Tfloat> operator*(const char *const expression) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false)*=expression;
-    }
-
-    //! Multiplication operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator*=(const CImg<t>&), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<_cimg_Tt> operator*(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      if (_width!=img._height || _depth!=1 || _spectrum!=1)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "operator*(): Invalid multiplication of instance by specified "
-                                    "matrix (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p)",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum,img._data);
-      CImg<_cimg_Tt> res(img._width,_height);
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>1024 && img.size()>1024) collapse(2)
-      cimg_forXY(res,i,j) {
-        _cimg_Ttdouble value = 0; cimg_forX(*this,k) value+=(*this)(k,j)*img(i,k); res(i,j) = (_cimg_Tt)value;
-      }
-#else
-      _cimg_Tt *ptrd = res._data;
-      cimg_forXY(res,i,j) {
-        _cimg_Ttdouble value = 0; cimg_forX(*this,k) value+=(*this)(k,j)*img(i,k); *(ptrd++) = (_cimg_Tt)value;
-      }
-#endif
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place division operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const t), except that it performs a division instead of an addition.
-     **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& operator/=(const t value) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd / value);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place division operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const char*), except that it performs a division instead of an addition.
-     **/
-    CImg<T>& operator/=(const char *const expression) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      try {
-        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
-        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"operator/=");
-        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
-        if (*expression=='<') cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd / mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
-        else if (*expression=='>') cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd / mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        else {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
-#pragma omp parallel
-          {
-            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
-#pragma omp for collapse(3)
-            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
-              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd / lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-            }
-          }
-          else
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd / mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        }
-      } catch (CImgException&) {
-        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-        div(CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,expression,true));
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place division operator.
-    /**
-       Replace the image instance by the (right) matrix division between the image instance and the specified
-       matrix \c img.
-       \param img Second operand of the matrix division.
-       \note
-       - It does \e not compute a pointwise division between two images. For this purpose, use
-         div(const CImg<t>&) instead.
-       - It returns the matrix operation \c A*inverse(img).
-       - The size of the image instance can be modified by this operator.
-     **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& operator/=(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      return (*this*img.get_invert()).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Division operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator/=(const t), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<_cimg_Tt> operator/(const t value) const {
-      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false)/=value;
-    }
-
-    //! Division operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator/=(const char*), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
-    **/
-    CImg<Tfloat> operator/(const char *const expression) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false)/=expression;
-    }
-
-    //! Division operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator/=(const CImg<t>&), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<_cimg_Tt> operator/(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return (*this)*img.get_invert();
-    }
-
-    //! In-place modulo operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const t), except that it performs a modulo operation instead of an addition.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& operator%=(const t value) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=16384)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)cimg::mod(*ptrd,(T)value);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place modulo operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const char*), except that it performs a modulo operation instead of an addition.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& operator%=(const char *const expression) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      try {
-        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
-        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"operator%=");
-        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
-        if (*expression=='<') cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::mod(*ptrd,(T)mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
-        else if (*expression=='>') cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::mod(*ptrd,(T)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        else {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
-#pragma omp parallel
-          {
-            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
-#pragma omp for collapse(3)
-            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
-              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::mod(*ptrd,(T)lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-            }
-          }
-          else
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::mod(*ptrd,(T)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        }
-      } catch (CImgException&) {
-        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-        *this%=CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,expression,true);
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place modulo operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const CImg<t>&), except that it performs a modulo operation instead of an addition.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& operator%=(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
-      if (siz && isiz) {
-        if (is_overlapped(img)) return *this%=+img;
-        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
-        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
-          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
-            *ptrd = cimg::mod(*ptrd,(T)*(ptrs++));
-        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = cimg::mod(*ptrd,(T)*(ptrs++));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Modulo operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator%=(const t), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<_cimg_Tt> operator%(const t value) const {
-      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false)%=value;
-    }
-
-    //! Modulo operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator%=(const char*), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
-    **/
-    CImg<Tfloat> operator%(const char *const expression) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false)%=expression;
-    }
-
-    //! Modulo operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator%=(const CImg<t>&), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<_cimg_Tt> operator%(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false)%=img;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place bitwise AND operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const t), except that it performs a bitwise AND operation instead of an addition.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& operator&=(const t value) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd & (unsigned long)value);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place bitwise AND operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const char*), except that it performs a bitwise AND operation instead of an addition.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& operator&=(const char *const expression) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      try {
-        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
-        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"operator&=");
-        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
-        if (*expression=='<')
-          cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd & (unsigned long)mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
-        else if (*expression=='>')
-          cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd & (unsigned long)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        else {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
-#pragma omp parallel
-          {
-            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
-#pragma omp for collapse(3)
-            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
-              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd & (unsigned long)lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-            }
-          }
-          else
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd & (unsigned long)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        }
-      } catch (CImgException&) {
-        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-        *this&=CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,expression,true);
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place bitwise AND operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const CImg<t>&), except that it performs a bitwise AND operation instead of an addition.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& operator&=(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
-      if (siz && isiz) {
-        if (is_overlapped(img)) return *this&=+img;
-        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
-        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
-          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
-            *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd & (unsigned long)*(ptrs++));
-        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd & (unsigned long)*(ptrs++));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Bitwise AND operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator&=(const t), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> operator&(const t value) const {
-      return (+*this)&=value;
-    }
-
-    //! Bitwise AND operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator&=(const char*), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> operator&(const char *const expression) const {
-      return (+*this)&=expression;
-    }
-
-    //! Bitwise AND operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator&=(const CImg<t>&), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> operator&(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return (+*this)&=img;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place bitwise OR operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const t), except that it performs a bitwise OR operation instead of an addition.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& operator|=(const t value) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd | (unsigned long)value);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place bitwise OR operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const char*), except that it performs a bitwise OR operation instead of an addition.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& operator|=(const char *const expression) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      try {
-        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
-        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"operator|=");
-        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
-        if (*expression=='<')
-          cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd | (unsigned long)mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
-        else if (*expression=='>')
-          cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd | (unsigned long)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        else {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
-#pragma omp parallel
-          {
-            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
-#pragma omp for collapse(3)
-            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
-              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd | (unsigned long)lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-            }
-          }
-          else
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd | (unsigned long)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        }
-      } catch (CImgException&) {
-        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-        *this|=CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,expression,true);
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place bitwise OR operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const CImg<t>&), except that it performs a bitwise OR operation instead of an addition.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& operator|=(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
-      if (siz && isiz) {
-        if (is_overlapped(img)) return *this|=+img;
-        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
-        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
-          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
-            *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd | (unsigned long)*(ptrs++));
-        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd | (unsigned long)*(ptrs++));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Bitwise OR operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator|=(const t), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> operator|(const t value) const {
-      return (+*this)|=value;
-    }
-
-    //! Bitwise OR operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator|=(const char*), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> operator|(const char *const expression) const {
-      return (+*this)|=expression;
-    }
-
-    //! Bitwise OR operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator|=(const CImg<t>&), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> operator|(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return (+*this)|=img;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place bitwise XOR operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const t), except that it performs a bitwise XOR operation instead of an addition.
-       \warning
-       - It does \e not compute the \e power of pixel values. For this purpose, use pow(const t) instead.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& operator^=(const t value) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd ^ (unsigned long)value);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place bitwise XOR operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const char*), except that it performs a bitwise XOR operation instead of an addition.
-       \warning
-       - It does \e not compute the \e power of pixel values. For this purpose, use pow(const char*) instead.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& operator^=(const char *const expression) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      try {
-        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
-        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"operator^=");
-        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
-        if (*expression=='<')
-          cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd ^ (unsigned long)mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
-        else if (*expression=='>')
-          cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd ^ (unsigned long)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        else {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
-#pragma omp parallel
-            {
-              _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
-#pragma omp for collapse(3)
-              cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-                T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd ^ (unsigned long)lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-              }
-            }
-          else
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd ^ (unsigned long)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        }
-      } catch (CImgException&) {
-        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-        *this^=CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,expression,true);
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place bitwise XOR operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const CImg<t>&), except that it performs a bitwise XOR operation instead of an addition.
-       \warning
-       - It does \e not compute the \e power of pixel values. For this purpose, use pow(const CImg<t>&) instead.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& operator^=(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
-      if (siz && isiz) {
-        if (is_overlapped(img)) return *this^=+img;
-        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
-        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
-          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
-            *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd ^ (unsigned long)*(ptrs++));
-        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd ^ (unsigned long)*(ptrs++));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Bitwise XOR operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator^=(const t), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> operator^(const t value) const {
-      return (+*this)^=value;
-    }
-
-    //! Bitwise XOR operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator^=(const char*), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> operator^(const char *const expression) const {
-      return (+*this)^=expression;
-    }
-
-    //! Bitwise XOR operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator^=(const CImg<t>&), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> operator^(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return (+*this)^=img;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place bitwise left shift operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const t), except that it performs a bitwise left shift instead of an addition.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& operator<<=(const t value) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=65536)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)(((long)*ptrd) << (int)value);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place bitwise left shift operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const char*), except that it performs a bitwise left shift instead of an addition.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& operator<<=(const char *const expression) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      try {
-        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
-        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"operator<<=");
-        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
-        if (*expression=='<') cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd << (int)mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
-        else if (*expression=='>') cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd << (int)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        else {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
-#pragma omp parallel
-          {
-            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
-#pragma omp for collapse(3)
-            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
-              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd << (int)lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-            }
-          }
-          else
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd << (int)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        }
-      } catch (CImgException&) {
-        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-        *this<<=CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,expression,true);
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place bitwise left shift operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const CImg<t>&), except that it performs a bitwise left shift instead of an addition.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& operator<<=(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
-      if (siz && isiz) {
-        if (is_overlapped(img)) return *this^=+img;
-        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
-        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
-          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
-            *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd << (int)*(ptrs++));
-        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd << (int)*(ptrs++));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Bitwise left shift operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator<<=(const t), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> operator<<(const t value) const {
-      return (+*this)<<=value;
-    }
-
-    //! Bitwise left shift operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator<<=(const char*), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> operator<<(const char *const expression) const {
-      return (+*this)<<=expression;
-    }
-
-    //! Bitwise left shift operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator<<=(const CImg<t>&), except that it returns a new image instance instead of
-       operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> operator<<(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return (+*this)<<=img;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place bitwise right shift operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const t), except that it performs a bitwise right shift instead of an addition.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& operator>>=(const t value) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=65536)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)(((long)*ptrd) >> (int)value);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place bitwise right shift operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const char*), except that it performs a bitwise right shift instead of an addition.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& operator>>=(const char *const expression) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      try {
-        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
-        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"operator<<=");
-        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
-        if (*expression=='<') cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd >> (int)mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
-        else if (*expression=='>') cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd >> (int)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        else {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
-#pragma omp parallel
-          {
-            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
-#pragma omp for collapse(3)
-            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
-              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd >> (int)lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-            }
-          }
-          else
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd >> (int)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        }
-      } catch (CImgException&) {
-        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-        *this>>=CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,expression,true);
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place bitwise right shift operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const CImg<t>&), except that it performs a bitwise right shift instead of an addition.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& operator>>=(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
-      if (siz && isiz) {
-        if (is_overlapped(img)) return *this^=+img;
-        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
-        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
-          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
-            *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd >> (int)*(ptrs++));
-        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd >> (int)*(ptrs++));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Bitwise right shift operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator>>=(const t), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> operator>>(const t value) const {
-      return (+*this)>>=value;
-    }
-
-    //! Bitwise right shift operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator>>=(const char*), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> operator>>(const char *const expression) const {
-      return (+*this)>>=expression;
-    }
-
-    //! Bitwise right shift operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator>>=(const CImg<t>&), except that it returns a new image instance instead of
-       operating in-place.
-       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> operator>>(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return (+*this)>>=img;
-    }
-
-    //! Bitwise inversion operator.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator-(), except that it compute the bitwise inverse instead of the opposite value.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> operator~() const {
-      CImg<T> res(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-      const T *ptrs = _data;
-      cimg_for(res,ptrd,T) { const unsigned long value = (unsigned long)*(ptrs++); *ptrd = (T)~value; }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if all pixels of an image have the same value.
-    /**
-       Return \c true is all pixels of the image instance are equal to the specified \c value.
-       \param value Reference value to compare with.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool operator==(const t value) const {
-      if (is_empty()) return false;
-      typedef _cimg_Tt Tt;
-      bool is_equal = true;
-      for (T *ptrd = _data + size(); is_equal && ptrd>_data; is_equal = ((Tt)*(--ptrd)==(Tt)value)) {}
-      return is_equal;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if all pixel values of an image follow a specified expression.
-    /**
-       Return \c true is all pixels of the image instance are equal to the specified \c expression.
-       \param expression Value string describing the way pixel values are compared.
-    **/
-    bool operator==(const char *const expression) const {
-      if (is_empty()) return !*expression;
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      bool is_equal = true;
-      try {
-        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
-        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"operator<<=");
-        const T *ptrs = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
-        if (*expression=='<')
-          cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { if (!is_equal) break; is_equal = ((double)*(ptrs--)==mp(x,y,z,c)); }
-        else if (*expression=='>')
-          cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { if (!is_equal) break; is_equal = ((double)*(ptrs++)==mp(x,y,z,c)); }
-        else cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { if (!is_equal) break; is_equal = ((double)*(ptrs++)==mp(x,y,z,c)); }
-      } catch (CImgException&) {
-        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-        is_equal = (*this==CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,expression,true));
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      return is_equal;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if two images have the same size and values.
-    /**
-       Return \c true if the image instance and the input image \c img have the same dimensions and pixel values,
-       and \c false otherwise.
-       \param img Input image to compare with.
-       \note
-       - The pixel buffer pointers data() of the two compared images do not have to be the same for operator==()
-         to return \c true.
-         Only the dimensions and the pixel values matter. Thus, the comparison can be \c true even for different
-         pixel types \c T and \c t.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img1(1,3,1,1, 0,1,2); // Construct a 1x3 vector [0;1;2] (with 'float' pixel values).
-       const CImg<char> img2(1,3,1,1, 0,1,2);  // Construct a 1x3 vector [0;1;2] (with 'char' pixel values).
-       if (img1==img2) {                       // Test succeeds, image dimensions and values are the same.
-         std::printf("'img1' and 'img2' have same dimensions and values.");
-       }
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool operator==(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      typedef _cimg_Tt Tt;
-      const unsigned long siz = size();
-      bool is_equal = true;
-      if (siz!=img.size()) return false;
-      t *ptrs = img._data + siz;
-      for (T *ptrd = _data + siz; is_equal && ptrd>_data; is_equal = ((Tt)*(--ptrd)==(Tt)*(--ptrs))) {}
-      return is_equal;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if pixels of an image are all different from a value.
-    /**
-       Return \c true is all pixels of the image instance are different than the specified \c value.
-       \param value Reference value to compare with.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool operator!=(const t value) const {
-      return !((*this)==value);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if all pixel values of an image are different from a specified expression.
-    /**
-       Return \c true is all pixels of the image instance are different to the specified \c expression.
-       \param expression Value string describing the way pixel values are compared.
-    **/
-    bool operator!=(const char *const expression) const {
-      return !((*this)==expression);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if two images have different sizes or values.
-    /**
-       Return \c true if the image instance and the input image \c img have different dimensions or pixel values,
-       and \c false otherwise.
-       \param img Input image to compare with.
-       \note
-       - Writing \c img1!=img2 is equivalent to \c !(img1==img2).
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool operator!=(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return !((*this)==img);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct an image list from two images.
-    /**
-       Return a new list of image (\c CImgList instance) containing exactly two elements:
-         - A copy of the image instance, at position [\c 0].
-         - A copy of the specified image \c img, at position [\c 1].
-
-       \param img Input image that will be the second image of the resulting list.
-       \note
-       - The family of operator,() is convenient to easily create list of images, but it is also \e quite \e slow
-         in practice (see warning below).
-       - Constructed lists contain no shared images. If image instance or input image \c img are shared, they are
-         inserted as new non-shared copies in the resulting list.
-       - The pixel type of the returned list may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
-       \warning
-       - Pipelining operator,() \c N times will perform \c N copies of the entire content of a (growing) image list.
-         This may become very expensive in terms of speed and used memory. You should avoid using this technique to
-         build a new CImgList instance from several images, if you are seeking for performance.
-         Fast insertions of images in an image list are possible with
-         CImgList<T>::insert(const CImg<t>&,unsigned int,bool) or move_to(CImgList<t>&,unsigned int).
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float>
-          img1("reference.jpg"),
-          img2 = img1.get_mirror('x'),
-          img3 = img2.get_blur(5);
-       const CImgList<float> list = (img1,img2); // Create list of two elements from 'img1' and 'img2'.
-       (list,img3).display();                    // Display image list containing copies of 'img1','img2' and 'img3'.
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_operator_comma.jpg
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<_cimg_Tt> operator,(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return CImgList<_cimg_Tt>(*this,img);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct an image list from image instance and an input image list.
-    /**
-       Return a new list of images (\c CImgList instance) containing exactly \c list.size() \c + \c 1 elements:
-         - A copy of the image instance, at position [\c 0].
-         - A copy of the specified image list \c list, from positions [\c 1] to [\c list.size()].
-
-       \param list Input image list that will be appended to the image instance.
-       \note
-       - Similar to operator,(const CImg<t>&) const, except that it takes an image list as an argument.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<_cimg_Tt> operator,(const CImgList<t>& list) const {
-      return CImgList<_cimg_Tt>(list,false).insert(*this,0);
-    }
-
-    //! Split image along specified axis.
-    /**
-       Return a new list of images (\c CImgList instance) containing the splitted components
-       of the instance image along the specified axis.
-       \param axis Splitting axis (can be '\c x','\c y','\c z' or '\c c')
-       \note
-       - Similar to get_split(char,int) const, with default second argument.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<unsigned char> img("reference.jpg"); // Load a RGB color image.
-       const CImgList<unsigned char> list = (img<'c'); // Get a list of its three R,G,B channels.
-       (img,list).display();
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_operator_less.jpg
-    **/
-    CImgList<T> operator<(const char axis) const {
-      return get_split(axis);
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //-------------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Instance Characteristics
-    //@{
-    //-------------------------------------
-
-    //! Return the type of image pixel values as a C string.
-    /**
-       Return a \c char* string containing the usual type name of the image pixel values
-       (i.e. a stringified version of the template parameter \c T).
-       \note
-       - The returned string may contain spaces (as in \c "unsigned char").
-       - If the pixel type \c T does not correspond to a registered type, the string <tt>"unknown"</tt> is returned.
-    **/
-    static const char* pixel_type() {
-      return cimg::type<T>::string();
-    }
-
-    //! Return the number of image columns.
-    /**
-       Return the image width, i.e. the image dimension along the X-axis.
-       \note
-       - The width() of an empty image is equal to \c 0.
-       - width() is typically equal to \c 1 when considering images as \e vectors for matrix calculations.
-       - width() returns an \c int, although the image width is internally stored as an \c unsigned \c int.
-         Using an \c int is safer and prevents arithmetic traps possibly encountered when doing calculations involving
-         \c unsigned \c int variables.
-         Access to the initial \c unsigned \c int variable is possible (though not recommended) by
-         <tt>(*this)._width</tt>.
-    **/
-    int width() const {
-      return (int)_width;
-    }
-
-    //! Return the number of image rows.
-    /**
-       Return the image height, i.e. the image dimension along the Y-axis.
-       \note
-       - The height() of an empty image is equal to \c 0.
-       - height() returns an \c int, although the image height is internally stored as an \c unsigned \c int.
-         Using an \c int is safer and prevents arithmetic traps possibly encountered when doing calculations involving
-         \c unsigned \c int variables.
-         Access to the initial \c unsigned \c int variable is possible (though not recommended) by
-         <tt>(*this)._height</tt>.
-    **/
-    int height() const {
-      return (int)_height;
-    }
-
-    //! Return the number of image slices.
-    /**
-       Return the image depth, i.e. the image dimension along the Z-axis.
-       \note
-       - The depth() of an empty image is equal to \c 0.
-       - depth() is typically equal to \c 1 when considering usual 2d images. When depth()\c > \c 1, the image
-         is said to be \e volumetric.
-       - depth() returns an \c int, although the image depth is internally stored as an \c unsigned \c int.
-         Using an \c int is safer and prevents arithmetic traps possibly encountered when doing calculations involving
-         \c unsigned \c int variables.
-         Access to the initial \c unsigned \c int variable is possible (though not recommended) by
-         <tt>(*this)._depth</tt>.
-    **/
-    int depth() const {
-      return (int)_depth;
-    }
-
-    //! Return the number of image channels.
-    /**
-       Return the number of image channels, i.e. the image dimension along the C-axis.
-       \note
-       - The spectrum() of an empty image is equal to \c 0.
-       - spectrum() is typically equal to \c 1 when considering scalar-valued images, to \c 3
-         for RGB-coded color images, and to \c 4 for RGBA-coded color images (with alpha-channel).
-         The number of channels of an image instance is not limited. The meaning of the pixel values is not linked
-         up to the number of channels (e.g. a 4-channel image may indifferently stands for a RGBA or CMYK color image).
-       - spectrum() returns an \c int, although the image spectrum is internally stored as an \c unsigned \c int.
-         Using an \c int is safer and prevents arithmetic traps possibly encountered when doing calculations involving
-         \c unsigned \c int variables.
-         Access to the initial \c unsigned \c int variable is possible (though not recommended) by
-         <tt>(*this)._spectrum</tt>.
-    **/
-    int spectrum() const {
-      return (int)_spectrum;
-    }
-
-    //! Return the total number of pixel values.
-    /**
-       Return <tt>width()*\ref height()*\ref depth()*\ref spectrum()</tt>,
-       i.e. the total number of values of type \c T in the pixel buffer of the image instance.
-       \note
-       - The size() of an empty image is equal to \c 0.
-       - The allocated memory size for a pixel buffer of a non-shared \c CImg<T> instance is equal to
-         <tt>size()*sizeof(T)</tt>.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img(100,100,1,3);               // Construct new 100x100 color image.
-       if (img.size()==30000)                            // Test succeeds.
-         std::printf("Pixel buffer uses %lu bytes",
-                     img.size()*sizeof(float));
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    unsigned long size() const {
-      return (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth*_spectrum;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a pointer to the first pixel value.
-    /**
-       Return a \c T*, or a \c const \c T* pointer to the first value in the pixel buffer of the image instance,
-       whether the instance is \c const or not.
-       \note
-       - The data() of an empty image is equal to \c 0 (null pointer).
-       - The allocated pixel buffer for the image instance starts from \c data()
-         and goes to <tt>data()+\ref size()-1</tt> (included).
-       - To get the pointer to one particular location of the pixel buffer, use
-         data(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int) instead.
-    **/
-    T* data() {
-      return _data;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a pointer to the first pixel value \const.
-    const T* data() const {
-      return _data;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a pointer to a located pixel value.
-    /**
-       Return a \c T*, or a \c const \c T* pointer to the value located at (\c x,\c y,\c z,\c c) in the pixel buffer
-       of the image instance,
-       whether the instance is \c const or not.
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \note
-       - Writing \c img.data(x,y,z,c) is equivalent to <tt>&(img(x,y,z,c))</tt>. Thus, this method has the same
-         properties as operator()(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int).
-     **/
-#if cimg_verbosity>=3
-    T *data(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y=0, const unsigned int z=0, const unsigned int c=0) {
-      const unsigned long off = (unsigned long)offset(x,y,z,c);
-      if (off>=size())
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "data(): Invalid pointer request, at coordinates (%u,%u,%u,%u) [offset=%u].",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   x,y,z,c,off);
-      return _data + off;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a pointer to a located pixel value \const.
-    const T* data(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y=0, const unsigned int z=0, const unsigned int c=0) const {
-      return const_cast<CImg<T>*>(this)->data(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-#else
-    T* data(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y=0, const unsigned int z=0, const unsigned int c=0) {
-      return _data + x + y*(unsigned long)_width + z*(unsigned long)_width*_height +
-        c*(unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-    }
-
-    const T* data(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y=0, const unsigned int z=0, const unsigned int c=0) const {
-      return _data + x + y*_width + z*(unsigned long)_width*_height + c*(unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    //! Return the offset to a located pixel value, with respect to the beginning of the pixel buffer.
-    /**
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \note
-       - Writing \c img.data(x,y,z,c) is equivalent to <tt>&(img(x,y,z,c)) - img.data()</tt>.
-         Thus, this method has the same properties as operator()(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int).
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img(100,100,1,3);      // Define a 100x100 RGB-color image.
-       const long off = img.offset(10,10,0,2);  // Get the offset of the blue value of the pixel located at (10,10).
-       const float val = img[off];              // Get the blue value of this pixel.
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    long offset(const int x, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
-      return x + y*(long)_width + z*(long)_width*_height + c*(long)_width*_height*_depth;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a CImg<T>::iterator pointing to the first pixel value.
-    /**
-       \note
-       - Equivalent to data().
-       - It has been mainly defined for compatibility with STL naming conventions.
-     **/
-    iterator begin() {
-      return _data;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a CImg<T>::iterator pointing to the first value of the pixel buffer \const.
-    const_iterator begin() const {
-      return _data;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a CImg<T>::iterator pointing next to the last pixel value.
-    /**
-       \note
-       - Writing \c img.end() is equivalent to <tt>img.data() + img.size()</tt>.
-       - It has been mainly defined for compatibility with STL naming conventions.
-       \warning
-       - The returned iterator actually points to a value located \e outside the acceptable bounds of the pixel buffer.
-         Trying to read or write the content of the returned iterator will probably result in a crash.
-         Use it mainly as a strict upper bound for a CImg<T>::iterator.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImg<float> img(100,100,1,3);                                     // Define a 100x100 RGB color image.
-       for (CImg<float>::iterator it = img.begin(); it<img.end(); ++it)  // 'img.end()' used here as an upper bound for the iterator.
-         *it = 0;
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    iterator end() {
-      return _data + size();
-    }
-
-    //! Return a CImg<T>::iterator pointing next to the last pixel value \const.
-    const_iterator end() const {
-      return _data + size();
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to the first pixel value.
-    /**
-       \note
-       - Writing \c img.front() is equivalent to <tt>img[0]</tt>, or <tt>img(0,0,0,0)</tt>.
-       - It has been mainly defined for compatibility with STL naming conventions.
-    **/
-    T& front() {
-      return *_data;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to the first pixel value \const.
-    const T& front() const {
-      return *_data;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to the last pixel value.
-    /**
-       \note
-       - Writing \c img.end() is equivalent to <tt>img[img.size()-1]</tt>, or
-         <tt>img(img.width()-1,img.height()-1,img.depth()-1,img.spectrum()-1)</tt>.
-       - It has been mainly defined for compatibility with STL naming conventions.
-    **/
-    T& back() {
-      return *(_data + size() - 1);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to the last pixel value \const.
-    const T& back() const {
-      return *(_data + size() - 1);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value at a specified offset, using Dirichlet boundary conditions.
-    /**
-       Return a reference to the pixel value of the image instance located at a specified \c offset,
-       or to a specified default value in case of out-of-bounds access.
-       \param offset Offset to the desired pixel value.
-       \param out_value Default value returned if \c offset is outside image bounds.
-       \note
-       - Writing \c img.at(offset,out_value) is similar to <tt>img[offset]</tt>, except that if \c offset
-         is outside bounds (e.g. \c offset<0 or \c offset>=img.size()), a reference to a value \c out_value
-         is safely returned instead.
-       - Due to the additional boundary checking operation, this method is slower than operator()(). Use it when
-         you are \e not sure about the validity of the specified pixel offset.
-    **/
-    T& at(const int offset, const T out_value) {
-      return (offset<0 || offset>=(int)size())?(cimg::temporary(out_value)=out_value):(*this)[offset];
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value at a specified offset, using Dirichlet boundary conditions \const.
-    T at(const int offset, const T out_value) const {
-      return (offset<0 || offset>=(int)size())?out_value:(*this)[offset];
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value at a specified offset, using Neumann boundary conditions.
-    /**
-       Return a reference to the pixel value of the image instance located at a specified \c offset,
-       or to the nearest pixel location in the image instance in case of out-of-bounds access.
-       \param offset Offset to the desired pixel value.
-       \note
-       - Similar to at(int,const T), except that an out-of-bounds access returns the value of the
-         nearest pixel in the image instance, regarding the specified offset, i.e.
-         - If \c offset<0, then \c img[0] is returned.
-         - If \c offset>=img.size(), then \c img[img.size()-1] is returned.
-       - Due to the additional boundary checking operation, this method is slower than operator()(). Use it when
-         you are \e not sure about the validity of the specified pixel offset.
-       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method \c _at(int).
-     **/
-    T& at(const int offset) {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "at(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      return _at(offset);
-    }
-
-    T& _at(const int offset) {
-      const unsigned int siz = (unsigned int)size();
-      return (*this)[offset<0?0:(unsigned int)offset>=siz?siz-1:offset];
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value at a specified offset, using Neumann boundary conditions \const.
-    T at(const int offset) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "at(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      return _at(offset);
-    }
-
-    T _at(const int offset) const {
-      const unsigned int siz = (unsigned int)size();
-      return (*this)[offset<0?0:(unsigned int)offset>=siz?siz-1:offset];
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value, using Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X-coordinate.
-    /**
-       Return a reference to the pixel value of the image instance located at (\c x,\c y,\c z,\c c),
-       or to a specified default value in case of out-of-bounds access along the X-axis.
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param out_value Default value returned if \c (\c x,\c y,\c z,\c c) is outside image bounds.
-       \note
-       - Similar to operator()(), except that an out-of-bounds access along the X-axis returns the specified value
-         \c out_value.
-       - Due to the additional boundary checking operation, this method is slower than operator()(). Use it when
-         you are \e not sure about the validity of the specified pixel coordinates.
-       \warning
-       - There is \e no boundary checking performed for the Y,Z and C-coordinates, so they must be inside image bounds.
-    **/
-    T& atX(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) {
-      return (x<0 || x>=width())?(cimg::temporary(out_value)=out_value):(*this)(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value, using Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X-coordinate \const.
-    T atX(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
-      return (x<0 || x>=width())?out_value:(*this)(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value, using Neumann boundary conditions for the X-coordinate.
-    /**
-       Return a reference to the pixel value of the image instance located at (\c x,\c y,\c z,\c c),
-       or to the nearest pixel location in the image instance in case of out-of-bounds access along the X-axis.
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \note
-       - Similar to at(int,int,int,int,const T), except that an out-of-bounds access returns the value of the
-         nearest pixel in the image instance, regarding the specified X-coordinate.
-       - Due to the additional boundary checking operation, this method is slower than operator()(). Use it when
-         you are \e not sure about the validity of the specified pixel coordinates.
-       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method
-         \c _at(int,int,int,int).
-       \warning
-       - There is \e no boundary checking performed for the Y,Z and C-coordinates, so they must be inside image bounds.
-     **/
-    T& atX(const int x, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "atX(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      return _atX(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    T& _atX(const int x, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) {
-      return (*this)(x<0?0:(x>=width()?width()-1:x),y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value, using Neumann boundary conditions for the X-coordinate \const.
-    T atX(const int x, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "atX(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      return _atX(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    T _atX(const int x, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
-      return (*this)(x<0?0:(x>=width()?width()-1:x),y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value, using Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X and Y-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Similar to atX(int,int,int,int,const T), except that boundary checking is performed both on X and Y-coordinates.
-    **/
-    T& atXY(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) {
-      return (x<0 || y<0 || x>=width() || y>=height())?(cimg::temporary(out_value)=out_value):(*this)(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value, using Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X and Y coordinates \const.
-    T atXY(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
-      return (x<0 || y<0 || x>=width() || y>=height())?out_value:(*this)(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value, using Neumann boundary conditions for the X and Y-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Similar to atX(int,int,int,int), except that boundary checking is performed both on X and Y-coordinates.
-       \note
-       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method
-         \c _atXY(int,int,int,int).
-     **/
-    T& atXY(const int x, const int y, const int z=0, const int c=0) {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "atXY(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      return _atXY(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    T& _atXY(const int x, const int y, const int z=0, const int c=0) {
-      return (*this)(x<0?0:(x>=width()?width()-1:x), y<0?0:(y>=height()?height()-1:y),z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value, using Neumann boundary conditions for the X and Y-coordinates \const.
-    T atXY(const int x, const int y, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "atXY(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      return _atXY(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    T _atXY(const int x, const int y, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
-      return (*this)(x<0?0:(x>=width()?width()-1:x), y<0?0:(y>=height()?height()-1:y),z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value, using Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X,Y and Z-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Similar to atX(int,int,int,int,const T), except that boundary checking is performed both on
-       X,Y and Z-coordinates.
-    **/
-    T& atXYZ(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) {
-      return (x<0 || y<0 || z<0 || x>=width() || y>=height() || z>=depth())?
-        (cimg::temporary(out_value)=out_value):(*this)(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value, using Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X,Y and Z-coordinates \const.
-    T atXYZ(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
-      return (x<0 || y<0 || z<0 || x>=width() || y>=height() || z>=depth())?out_value:(*this)(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value, using Neumann boundary conditions for the X,Y and Z-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Similar to atX(int,int,int,int), except that boundary checking is performed both on X,Y and Z-coordinates.
-       \note
-       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method
-         \c _atXYZ(int,int,int,int).
-    **/
-    T& atXYZ(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c=0) {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "atXYZ(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      return _atXYZ(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    T& _atXYZ(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c=0) {
-      return (*this)(x<0?0:(x>=width()?width()-1:x),y<0?0:(y>=height()?height()-1:y),
-                     z<0?0:(z>=depth()?depth()-1:z),c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value, using Neumann boundary conditions for the X,Y and Z-coordinates \const.
-    T atXYZ(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c=0) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "atXYZ(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      return _atXYZ(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    T _atXYZ(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c=0) const {
-      return (*this)(x<0?0:(x>=width()?width()-1:x),y<0?0:(y>=height()?height()-1:y),
-                     z<0?0:(z>=depth()?depth()-1:z),c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value, using Dirichlet boundary conditions.
-    /**
-       Similar to atX(int,int,int,int,const T), except that boundary checking is performed on all
-       X,Y,Z and C-coordinates.
-    **/
-    T& atXYZC(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) {
-      return (x<0 || y<0 || z<0 || c<0 || x>=width() || y>=height() || z>=depth() || c>=spectrum())?
-        (cimg::temporary(out_value)=out_value):(*this)(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value, using Dirichlet boundary conditions \const.
-    T atXYZC(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
-      return (x<0 || y<0 || z<0 || c<0 || x>=width() || y>=height() || z>=depth() || c>=spectrum())?out_value:
-        (*this)(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value, using Neumann boundary conditions.
-    /**
-       Similar to atX(int,int,int,int), except that boundary checking is performed on all X,Y,Z and C-coordinates.
-       \note
-       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method
-         \c _atXYZC(int,int,int,int).
-    **/
-    T& atXYZC(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c) {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "atXYZC(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      return _atXYZC(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    T& _atXYZC(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c) {
-      return (*this)(x<0?0:(x>=width()?width()-1:x), y<0?0:(y>=height()?height()-1:y),
-                     z<0?0:(z>=depth()?depth()-1:z), c<0?0:(c>=spectrum()?spectrum()-1:c));
-    }
-
-    //! Access to a pixel value, using Neumann boundary conditions \const.
-    T atXYZC(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "atXYZC(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      return _atXYZC(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    T _atXYZC(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c) const {
-      return (*this)(x<0?0:(x>=width()?width()-1:x), y<0?0:(y>=height()?height()-1:y),
-                     z<0?0:(z>=depth()?depth()-1:z), c<0?0:(c>=spectrum()?spectrum()-1:c));
-    }
-
-    //! Return pixel value, using linear interpolation and Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X-coordinate.
-    /**
-       Return a linearly-interpolated pixel value of the image instance located at (\c fx,\c y,\c z,\c c),
-       or a specified default value in case of out-of-bounds access along the X-axis.
-       \param fx X-coordinate of the pixel value (float-valued).
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param out_value Default value returned if \c (\c fx,\c y,\c z,\c c) is outside image bounds.
-       \note
-       - Similar to atX(int,int,int,int,const T), except that the returned pixel value is approximated by
-         a linear interpolation along the X-axis, if corresponding coordinates are not integers.
-       - The type of the returned pixel value is extended to \c float, if the pixel type \c T is not float-valued.
-       \warning
-       - There is \e no boundary checking performed for the Y,Z and C-coordinates, so they must be inside image bounds.
-    **/
-    Tfloat linear_atX(const float fx, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
-      const int
-	x = (int)fx - (fx>=0?0:1), nx = x + 1;
-      const float
-        dx = fx - x;
-      const Tfloat
-        Ic = (Tfloat)atX(x,y,z,c,out_value), In = (Tfloat)atXY(nx,y,z,c,out_value);
-      return Ic + dx*(In-Ic);
-    }
-
-    //! Return pixel value, using linear interpolation and Neumann boundary conditions for the X-coordinate.
-    /**
-       Return a linearly-interpolated pixel value of the image instance located at (\c fx,\c y,\c z,\c c),
-       or the value of the nearest pixel location in the image instance in case of out-of-bounds access along
-       the X-axis.
-       \param fx X-coordinate of the pixel value (float-valued).
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \note
-       - Similar to linear_atX(float,int,int,int,const T) const, except that an out-of-bounds access returns
-         the value of the nearest pixel in the image instance, regarding the specified X-coordinate.
-       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method
-         \c _linear_atX(float,int,int,int).
-       \warning
-       - There is \e no boundary checking performed for the Y,Z and C-coordinates, so they must be inside image bounds.
-    **/
-    Tfloat linear_atX(const float fx, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "linear_atX(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      return _linear_atX(fx,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    Tfloat _linear_atX(const float fx, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
-      const float
-        nfx = fx<0?0:(fx>_width-1?_width-1:fx);
-      const unsigned int
-        x = (unsigned int)nfx;
-      const float
-        dx = nfx - x;
-      const unsigned int
-        nx = dx>0?x+1:x;
-      const Tfloat
-        Ic = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z,c), In = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,z,c);
-      return Ic + dx*(In-Ic);
-    }
-
-    //! Return pixel value, using linear interpolation and Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X and Y-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Similar to linear_atX(float,int,int,int,const T) const, except that the linear interpolation and the
-       boundary checking are achieved both for X and Y-coordinates.
-    **/
-    Tfloat linear_atXY(const float fx, const float fy, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
-      const int
-        x = (int)fx - (fx>=0?0:1), nx = x + 1,
-        y = (int)fy - (fy>=0?0:1), ny = y + 1;
-      const float
-        dx = fx - x,
-        dy = fy - y;
-      const Tfloat
-        Icc = (Tfloat)atXY(x,y,z,c,out_value),  Inc = (Tfloat)atXY(nx,y,z,c,out_value),
-        Icn = (Tfloat)atXY(x,ny,z,c,out_value), Inn = (Tfloat)atXY(nx,ny,z,c,out_value);
-      return Icc + dx*(Inc-Icc + dy*(Icc+Inn-Icn-Inc)) + dy*(Icn-Icc);
-    }
-
-    //! Return pixel value, using linear interpolation and Neumann boundary conditions for the X and Y-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Similar to linear_atX(float,int,int,int) const, except that the linear interpolation and the boundary checking
-       are achieved both for X and Y-coordinates.
-       \note
-       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method
-         \c _linear_atXY(float,float,int,int).
-    **/
-    Tfloat linear_atXY(const float fx, const float fy, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "linear_atXY(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      return _linear_atXY(fx,fy,z,c);
-    }
-
-    Tfloat _linear_atXY(const float fx, const float fy, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
-      const float
-        nfx = fx<0?0:(fx>_width-1?_width-1:fx),
-        nfy = fy<0?0:(fy>_height-1?_height-1:fy);
-      const unsigned int
-        x = (unsigned int)nfx,
-        y = (unsigned int)nfy;
-      const float
-        dx = nfx - x,
-        dy = nfy - y;
-      const unsigned int
-        nx = dx>0?x+1:x,
-        ny = dy>0?y+1:y;
-      const Tfloat
-        Icc = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z,c),  Inc = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,z,c),
-        Icn = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,z,c), Inn = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,z,c);
-      return Icc + dx*(Inc-Icc + dy*(Icc+Inn-Icn-Inc)) + dy*(Icn-Icc);
-    }
-
-    //! Return pixel value, using linear interpolation and Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X,Y and Z-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Similar to linear_atX(float,int,int,int,const T) const, except that the linear interpolation and the
-       boundary checking are achieved both for X,Y and Z-coordinates.
-    **/
-    Tfloat linear_atXYZ(const float fx, const float fy, const float fz, const int c, const T out_value) const {
-      const int
-        x = (int)fx - (fx>=0?0:1), nx = x + 1,
-        y = (int)fy - (fy>=0?0:1), ny = y + 1,
-        z = (int)fz - (fz>=0?0:1), nz = z + 1;
-      const float
-        dx = fx - x,
-        dy = fy - y,
-        dz = fz - z;
-      const Tfloat
-        Iccc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,y,z,c,out_value), Incc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,y,z,c,out_value),
-        Icnc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,ny,z,c,out_value), Innc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,ny,z,c,out_value),
-        Iccn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,y,nz,c,out_value), Incn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,y,nz,c,out_value),
-        Icnn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,ny,nz,c,out_value), Innn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,ny,nz,c,out_value);
-      return Iccc +
-        dx*(Incc-Iccc +
-            dy*(Iccc+Innc-Icnc-Incc +
-                dz*(Iccn+Innn+Icnc+Incc-Icnn-Incn-Iccc-Innc)) +
-            dz*(Iccc+Incn-Iccn-Incc)) +
-        dy*(Icnc-Iccc +
-            dz*(Iccc+Icnn-Iccn-Icnc)) +
-        dz*(Iccn-Iccc);
-    }
-
-    //! Return pixel value, using linear interpolation and Neumann boundary conditions for the X,Y and Z-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Similar to linear_atX(float,int,int,int) const, except that the linear interpolation and the boundary checking
-       are achieved both for X,Y and Z-coordinates.
-       \note
-       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method
-         \c _linear_atXYZ(float,float,float,int).
-    **/
-    Tfloat linear_atXYZ(const float fx, const float fy=0, const float fz=0, const int c=0) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "linear_atXYZ(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      return _linear_atXYZ(fx,fy,fz,c);
-    }
-
-    Tfloat _linear_atXYZ(const float fx, const float fy=0, const float fz=0, const int c=0) const {
-      const float
-        nfx = fx<0?0:(fx>_width-1?_width-1:fx),
-        nfy = fy<0?0:(fy>_height-1?_height-1:fy),
-        nfz = fz<0?0:(fz>_depth-1?_depth-1:fz);
-      const unsigned int
-        x = (unsigned int)nfx,
-        y = (unsigned int)nfy,
-        z = (unsigned int)nfz;
-      const float
-        dx = nfx - x,
-        dy = nfy - y,
-        dz = nfz - z;
-      const unsigned int
-        nx = dx>0?x+1:x,
-        ny = dy>0?y+1:y,
-        nz = dz>0?z+1:z;
-      const Tfloat
-        Iccc = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z,c), Incc = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,z,c),
-        Icnc = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,z,c), Innc = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,z,c),
-        Iccn = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,nz,c), Incn = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,nz,c),
-        Icnn = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,nz,c), Innn = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,nz,c);
-      return Iccc +
-        dx*(Incc-Iccc +
-            dy*(Iccc+Innc-Icnc-Incc +
-                dz*(Iccn+Innn+Icnc+Incc-Icnn-Incn-Iccc-Innc)) +
-            dz*(Iccc+Incn-Iccn-Incc)) +
-        dy*(Icnc-Iccc +
-            dz*(Iccc+Icnn-Iccn-Icnc)) +
-        dz*(Iccn-Iccc);
-    }
-
-    //! Return pixel value, using linear interpolation and Dirichlet boundary conditions for all X,Y,Z,C-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Similar to linear_atX(float,int,int,int,const T) const, except that the linear interpolation and the
-       boundary checking are achieved for all X,Y,Z and C-coordinates.
-    **/
-    Tfloat linear_atXYZC(const float fx, const float fy, const float fz, const float fc, const T out_value) const {
-      const int
-        x = (int)fx - (fx>=0?0:1), nx = x + 1,
-        y = (int)fy - (fy>=0?0:1), ny = y + 1,
-        z = (int)fz - (fz>=0?0:1), nz = z + 1,
-        c = (int)fc - (fc>=0?0:1), nc = c + 1;
-      const float
-        dx = fx - x,
-        dy = fy - y,
-        dz = fz - z,
-        dc = fc - c;
-      const Tfloat
-        Icccc = (Tfloat)atXYZC(x,y,z,c,out_value), Inccc = (Tfloat)atXYZC(nx,y,z,c,out_value),
-        Icncc = (Tfloat)atXYZC(x,ny,z,c,out_value), Inncc = (Tfloat)atXYZC(nx,ny,z,c,out_value),
-        Iccnc = (Tfloat)atXYZC(x,y,nz,c,out_value), Incnc = (Tfloat)atXYZC(nx,y,nz,c,out_value),
-        Icnnc = (Tfloat)atXYZC(x,ny,nz,c,out_value), Innnc = (Tfloat)atXYZC(nx,ny,nz,c,out_value),
-        Icccn = (Tfloat)atXYZC(x,y,z,nc,out_value), Inccn = (Tfloat)atXYZC(nx,y,z,nc,out_value),
-        Icncn = (Tfloat)atXYZC(x,ny,z,nc,out_value), Inncn = (Tfloat)atXYZC(nx,ny,z,nc,out_value),
-        Iccnn = (Tfloat)atXYZC(x,y,nz,nc,out_value), Incnn = (Tfloat)atXYZC(nx,y,nz,nc,out_value),
-        Icnnn = (Tfloat)atXYZC(x,ny,nz,nc,out_value), Innnn = (Tfloat)atXYZC(nx,ny,nz,nc,out_value);
-      return Icccc +
-        dx*(Inccc-Icccc +
-            dy*(Icccc+Inncc-Icncc-Inccc +
-                dz*(Iccnc+Innnc+Icncc+Inccc-Icnnc-Incnc-Icccc-Inncc +
-                    dc*(Iccnn+Innnn+Icncn+Inccn+Icnnc+Incnc+Icccc+Inncc-
-                        Icnnn-Incnn-Icccn-Inncn-Iccnc-Innnc-Icncc-Inccc)) +
-                dc*(Icccn+Inncn+Icncc+Inccc-Icncn-Inccn-Icccc-Inncc)) +
-            dz*(Icccc+Incnc-Iccnc-Inccc +
-                dc*(Icccn+Incnn+Iccnc+Inccc-Iccnn-Inccn-Icccc-Incnc)) +
-            dc*(Icccc+Inccn-Inccc-Icccn)) +
-        dy*(Icncc-Icccc +
-            dz*(Icccc+Icnnc-Iccnc-Icncc +
-                dc*(Icccn+Icnnn+Iccnc+Icncc-Iccnn-Icncn-Icccc-Icnnc)) +
-            dc*(Icccc+Icncn-Icncc-Icccn)) +
-        dz*(Iccnc-Icccc +
-            dc*(Icccc+Iccnn-Iccnc-Icccn)) +
-        dc*(Icccn-Icccc);
-    }
-
-    //! Return pixel value, using linear interpolation and Neumann boundary conditions for all X,Y,Z and C-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Similar to linear_atX(float,int,int,int) const, except that the linear interpolation and the boundary checking
-       are achieved for all X,Y,Z and C-coordinates.
-       \note
-       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method
-         \c _linear_atXYZC(float,float,float,float).
-    **/
-    Tfloat linear_atXYZC(const float fx, const float fy=0, const float fz=0, const float fc=0) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "linear_atXYZC(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      return _linear_atXYZC(fx,fy,fz,fc);
-    }
-
-    Tfloat _linear_atXYZC(const float fx, const float fy=0, const float fz=0, const float fc=0) const {
-      const float
-        nfx = fx<0?0:(fx>_width-1?_width-1:fx),
-        nfy = fy<0?0:(fy>_height-1?_height-1:fy),
-        nfz = fz<0?0:(fz>_depth-1?_depth-1:fz),
-        nfc = fc<0?0:(fc>_spectrum-1?_spectrum-1:fc);
-      const unsigned int
-        x = (unsigned int)nfx,
-        y = (unsigned int)nfy,
-        z = (unsigned int)nfz,
-        c = (unsigned int)nfc;
-      const float
-        dx = nfx - x,
-        dy = nfy - y,
-        dz = nfz - z,
-        dc = nfc - c;
-      const unsigned int
-        nx = dx>0?x+1:x,
-        ny = dy>0?y+1:y,
-        nz = dz>0?z+1:z,
-        nc = dc>0?c+1:c;
-      const Tfloat
-        Icccc = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z,c), Inccc = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,z,c),
-        Icncc = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,z,c), Inncc = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,z,c),
-        Iccnc = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,nz,c), Incnc = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,nz,c),
-        Icnnc = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,nz,c), Innnc = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,nz,c),
-        Icccn = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z,nc), Inccn = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,z,nc),
-        Icncn = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,z,nc), Inncn = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,z,nc),
-        Iccnn = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,nz,nc), Incnn = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,nz,nc),
-        Icnnn = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,nz,nc), Innnn = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,nz,nc);
-      return Icccc +
-        dx*(Inccc-Icccc +
-            dy*(Icccc+Inncc-Icncc-Inccc +
-                dz*(Iccnc+Innnc+Icncc+Inccc-Icnnc-Incnc-Icccc-Inncc +
-                    dc*(Iccnn+Innnn+Icncn+Inccn+Icnnc+Incnc+Icccc+Inncc-
-                        Icnnn-Incnn-Icccn-Inncn-Iccnc-Innnc-Icncc-Inccc)) +
-                dc*(Icccn+Inncn+Icncc+Inccc-Icncn-Inccn-Icccc-Inncc)) +
-            dz*(Icccc+Incnc-Iccnc-Inccc +
-                dc*(Icccn+Incnn+Iccnc+Inccc-Iccnn-Inccn-Icccc-Incnc)) +
-            dc*(Icccc+Inccn-Inccc-Icccn)) +
-        dy*(Icncc-Icccc +
-            dz*(Icccc+Icnnc-Iccnc-Icncc +
-                dc*(Icccn+Icnnn+Iccnc+Icncc-Iccnn-Icncn-Icccc-Icnnc)) +
-            dc*(Icccc+Icncn-Icncc-Icccn)) +
-        dz*(Iccnc-Icccc +
-            dc*(Icccc+Iccnn-Iccnc-Icccn)) +
-        dc*(Icccn-Icccc);
-    }
-
-    //! Return pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X-coordinate.
-    /**
-       Return a cubicly-interpolated pixel value of the image instance located at (\c fx,\c y,\c z,\c c),
-       or a specified default value in case of out-of-bounds access along the X-axis.
-       The cubic interpolation uses Hermite splines.
-       \param fx d X-coordinate of the pixel value (float-valued).
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param out_value Default value returned if \c (\c fx,\c y,\c z,\c c) is outside image bounds.
-       \note
-       - Similar to linear_atX(float,int,int,int,const T) const, except that the returned pixel value is
-         approximated by a \e cubic interpolation along the X-axis.
-       - The type of the returned pixel value is extended to \c float, if the pixel type \c T is not float-valued.
-       \warning
-       - There is \e no boundary checking performed for the Y,Z and C-coordinates, so they must be inside image bounds.
-    **/
-    Tfloat cubic_atX(const float fx, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
-      const int
-        x = (int)fx - (fx>=0?0:1), px = x - 1, nx = x + 1, ax = x + 2;
-      const float
-        dx = fx - x;
-      const Tfloat
-        Ip = (Tfloat)atX(px,y,z,c,out_value), Ic = (Tfloat)atX(x,y,z,c,out_value),
-        In = (Tfloat)atX(nx,y,z,c,out_value), Ia = (Tfloat)atX(ax,y,z,c,out_value);
-      return Ic + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ip+In) + dx*dx*(2*Ip-5*Ic+4*In-Ia) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ip+3*Ic-3*In+Ia));
-    }
-
-    //! Return damped pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X-coordinate.
-    /**
-       Similar to cubic_atX(float,int,int,int,const T) const, except that you can specify the authorized minimum
-       and maximum of the returned value.
-    **/
-    Tfloat cubic_atX(const float fx, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value,
-                     const Tfloat min_value, const Tfloat max_value) const {
-      const Tfloat val = cubic_atX(fx,y,z,c,out_value);
-      return val<min_value?min_value:val>max_value?max_value:val;
-    }
-
-    //! Return pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Neumann boundary conditions for the X-coordinate.
-    /**
-       Return a cubicly-interpolated pixel value of the image instance located at (\c fx,\c y,\c z,\c c),
-       or the value of the nearest pixel location in the image instance in case of out-of-bounds access
-       along the X-axis. The cubic interpolation uses Hermite splines.
-       \param fx X-coordinate of the pixel value (float-valued).
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \note
-       - Similar to cubic_atX(float,int,int,int,const T) const, except that the returned pixel value is
-         approximated by a cubic interpolation along the X-axis.
-       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method
-         \c _cubic_atX(float,int,int,int).
-       \warning
-       - There is \e no boundary checking performed for the Y,Z and C-coordinates, so they must be inside image bounds.
-    **/
-    Tfloat cubic_atX(const float fx, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "cubic_atX(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      return _cubic_atX(fx,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    Tfloat _cubic_atX(const float fx, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
-      const float
-        nfx = fx<0?0:(fx>_width-1?_width-1:fx);
-      const int
-        x = (int)nfx;
-      const float
-        dx = nfx - x;
-      const int
-        px = x-1<0?0:x-1, nx = dx>0?x+1:x, ax = x+2>=width()?width()-1:x+2;
-      const Tfloat
-        Ip = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,y,z,c), Ic = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z,c),
-        In = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,z,c), Ia = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,y,z,c);
-      return Ic + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ip+In) + dx*dx*(2*Ip-5*Ic+4*In-Ia) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ip+3*Ic-3*In+Ia));
-    }
-
-    //! Return damped pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Neumann boundary conditions for the X-coordinate.
-    /**
-       Similar to cubic_atX(float,int,int,int) const, except that you can specify the authorized minimum and maximum
-       of the returned value.
-    **/
-    Tfloat cubic_atX(const float fx, const int y, const int z, const int c,
-                     const Tfloat min_value, const Tfloat max_value) const {
-      const Tfloat val = cubic_atX(fx,y,z,c);
-      return val<min_value?min_value:val>max_value?max_value:val;
-    }
-
-    Tfloat _cubic_atX(const float fx, const int y, const int z, const int c,
-                      const Tfloat min_value, const Tfloat max_value) const {
-      const Tfloat val = _cubic_atX(fx,y,z,c);
-      return val<min_value?min_value:val>max_value?max_value:val;
-    }
-
-    //! Return pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X and Y-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Similar to cubic_atX(float,int,int,int,const T) const, except that the cubic interpolation and boundary checking
-       are achieved both for X and Y-coordinates.
-    **/
-    Tfloat cubic_atXY(const float fx, const float fy, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
-      const int
-        x = (int)fx - (fx>=0?0:1), px = x - 1, nx = x + 1, ax = x + 2,
-        y = (int)fy - (fy>=0?0:1), py = y - 1, ny = y + 1, ay = y + 2;
-      const float dx = fx - x, dy = fy - y;
-      const Tfloat
-        Ipp = (Tfloat)atXY(px,py,z,c,out_value), Icp = (Tfloat)atXY(x,py,z,c,out_value),
-        Inp = (Tfloat)atXY(nx,py,z,c,out_value), Iap = (Tfloat)atXY(ax,py,z,c,out_value),
-        Ip = Icp + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipp+Inp) + dx*dx*(2*Ipp-5*Icp+4*Inp-Iap) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipp+3*Icp-3*Inp+Iap)),
-        Ipc = (Tfloat)atXY(px,y,z,c,out_value),  Icc = (Tfloat)atXY(x, y,z,c,out_value),
-        Inc = (Tfloat)atXY(nx,y,z,c,out_value),  Iac = (Tfloat)atXY(ax,y,z,c,out_value),
-        Ic = Icc + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipc+Inc) + dx*dx*(2*Ipc-5*Icc+4*Inc-Iac) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipc+3*Icc-3*Inc+Iac)),
-        Ipn = (Tfloat)atXY(px,ny,z,c,out_value), Icn = (Tfloat)atXY(x,ny,z,c,out_value),
-        Inn = (Tfloat)atXY(nx,ny,z,c,out_value), Ian = (Tfloat)atXY(ax,ny,z,c,out_value),
-        In = Icn + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipn+Inn) + dx*dx*(2*Ipn-5*Icn+4*Inn-Ian) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipn+3*Icn-3*Inn+Ian)),
-        Ipa = (Tfloat)atXY(px,ay,z,c,out_value), Ica = (Tfloat)atXY(x,ay,z,c,out_value),
-        Ina = (Tfloat)atXY(nx,ay,z,c,out_value), Iaa = (Tfloat)atXY(ax,ay,z,c,out_value),
-        Ia = Ica + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipa+Ina) + dx*dx*(2*Ipa-5*Ica+4*Ina-Iaa) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipa+3*Ica-3*Ina+Iaa));
-      return Ic + 0.5f*(dy*(-Ip+In) + dy*dy*(2*Ip-5*Ic+4*In-Ia) + dy*dy*dy*(-Ip+3*Ic-3*In+Ia));
-    }
-
-    //! Return damped pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X,Y-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Similar to cubic_atXY(float,float,int,int,const T) const, except that you can specify the authorized
-       minimum and maximum of the returned value.
-    **/
-    Tfloat cubic_atXY(const float fx, const float fy, const int z, const int c, const T out_value,
-                      const Tfloat min_value, const Tfloat max_value) const {
-      const Tfloat val = cubic_atXY(fx,fy,z,c,out_value);
-      return val<min_value?min_value:val>max_value?max_value:val;
-    }
-
-    //! Return pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Neumann boundary conditions for the X and Y-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Similar to cubic_atX(float,int,int,int) const, except that the cubic interpolation and boundary checking
-       are achieved for both X and Y-coordinates.
-       \note
-       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method
-       \c _cubic_atXY(float,float,int,int).
-    **/
-    Tfloat cubic_atXY(const float fx, const float fy, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "cubic_atXY(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      return _cubic_atXY(fx,fy,z,c);
-    }
-
-    Tfloat _cubic_atXY(const float fx, const float fy, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
-      const float
-        nfx = fx<0?0:(fx>_width-1?_width-1:fx),
-        nfy = fy<0?0:(fy>_height-1?_height-1:fy);
-      const int x = (int)nfx, y = (int)nfy;
-      const float dx = nfx - x, dy = nfy - y;
-      const int
-        px = x-1<0?0:x-1, nx = dx>0?x+1:x, ax = x+2>=width()?width()-1:x+2,
-        py = y-1<0?0:y-1, ny = dy>0?y+1:y, ay = y+2>=height()?height()-1:y+2;
-      const Tfloat
-        Ipp = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,py,z,c), Icp = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,py,z,c), Inp = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,py,z,c),
-        Iap = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,py,z,c),
-        Ip = Icp + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipp+Inp) + dx*dx*(2*Ipp-5*Icp+4*Inp-Iap) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipp+3*Icp-3*Inp+Iap)),
-        Ipc = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,y,z,c),  Icc = (Tfloat)(*this)(x, y,z,c), Inc = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,z,c),
-        Iac = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,y,z,c),
-        Ic = Icc + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipc+Inc) + dx*dx*(2*Ipc-5*Icc+4*Inc-Iac) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipc+3*Icc-3*Inc+Iac)),
-        Ipn = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,ny,z,c), Icn = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,z,c), Inn = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,z,c),
-        Ian = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,ny,z,c),
-        In = Icn + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipn+Inn) + dx*dx*(2*Ipn-5*Icn+4*Inn-Ian) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipn+3*Icn-3*Inn+Ian)),
-        Ipa = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,ay,z,c), Ica = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ay,z,c), Ina = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ay,z,c),
-        Iaa = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,ay,z,c),
-        Ia = Ica + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipa+Ina) + dx*dx*(2*Ipa-5*Ica+4*Ina-Iaa) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipa+3*Ica-3*Ina+Iaa));
-      return Ic + 0.5f*(dy*(-Ip+In) + dy*dy*(2*Ip-5*Ic+4*In-Ia) + dy*dy*dy*(-Ip+3*Ic-3*In+Ia));
-    }
-
-    //! Return damped pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Neumann boundary conditions for the X,Y-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Similar to cubic_atXY(float,float,int,int) const, except that you can specify the authorized minimum and
-       maximum of the returned value.
-    **/
-    Tfloat cubic_atXY(const float fx, const float fy, const int z, const int c,
-                      const Tfloat min_value, const Tfloat max_value) const {
-      const Tfloat val = cubic_atXY(fx,fy,z,c);
-      return val<min_value?min_value:val>max_value?max_value:val;
-    }
-
-    Tfloat _cubic_atXY(const float fx, const float fy, const int z, const int c,
-                       const Tfloat min_value, const Tfloat max_value) const {
-      const Tfloat val = _cubic_atXY(fx,fy,z,c);
-      return val<min_value?min_value:val>max_value?max_value:val;
-    }
-
-    //! Return pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X,Y and Z-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Similar to cubic_atX(float,int,int,int,const T) const, except that the cubic interpolation and boundary checking
-       are achieved both for X,Y and Z-coordinates.
-    **/
-    Tfloat cubic_atXYZ(const float fx, const float fy, const float fz, const int c, const T out_value) const {
-      const int
-        x = (int)fx - (fx>=0?0:1), px = x - 1, nx = x + 1, ax = x + 2,
-        y = (int)fy - (fy>=0?0:1), py = y - 1, ny = y + 1, ay = y + 2,
-        z = (int)fz - (fz>=0?0:1), pz = z - 1, nz = z + 1, az = z + 2;
-      const float dx = fx - x, dy = fy - y, dz = fz - z;
-      const Tfloat
-        Ippp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,py,pz,c,out_value), Icpp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,py,pz,c,out_value),
-        Inpp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,py,pz,c,out_value), Iapp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,py,pz,c,out_value),
-        Ipp = Icpp + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ippp+Inpp) + dx*dx*(2*Ippp-5*Icpp+4*Inpp-Iapp) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ippp+3*Icpp-3*Inpp+Iapp)),
-        Ipcp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,y,pz,c,out_value),  Iccp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x, y,pz,c,out_value),
-        Incp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,y,pz,c,out_value),  Iacp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,y,pz,c,out_value),
-        Icp = Iccp + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipcp+Incp) + dx*dx*(2*Ipcp-5*Iccp+4*Incp-Iacp) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipcp+3*Iccp-3*Incp+Iacp)),
-        Ipnp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,ny,pz,c,out_value), Icnp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,ny,pz,c,out_value),
-        Innp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,ny,pz,c,out_value), Ianp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,ny,pz,c,out_value),
-        Inp = Icnp + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipnp+Innp) + dx*dx*(2*Ipnp-5*Icnp+4*Innp-Ianp) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipnp+3*Icnp-3*Innp+Ianp)),
-        Ipap = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,ay,pz,c,out_value), Icap = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,ay,pz,c,out_value),
-        Inap = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,ay,pz,c,out_value), Iaap = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,ay,pz,c,out_value),
-        Iap = Icap + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipap+Inap) + dx*dx*(2*Ipap-5*Icap+4*Inap-Iaap) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipap+3*Icap-3*Inap+Iaap)),
-        Ip = Icp + 0.5f*(dy*(-Ipp+Inp) + dy*dy*(2*Ipp-5*Icp+4*Inp-Iap) + dy*dy*dy*(-Ipp+3*Icp-3*Inp+Iap)),
-        Ippc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,py,z,c,out_value), Icpc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,py,z,c,out_value),
-        Inpc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,py,z,c,out_value), Iapc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,py,z,c,out_value),
-        Ipc = Icpc + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ippc+Inpc) + dx*dx*(2*Ippc-5*Icpc+4*Inpc-Iapc) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ippc+3*Icpc-3*Inpc+Iapc)),
-        Ipcc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,y,z,c,out_value),  Iccc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x, y,z,c,out_value),
-        Incc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,y,z,c,out_value),  Iacc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,y,z,c,out_value),
-        Icc = Iccc + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipcc+Incc) + dx*dx*(2*Ipcc-5*Iccc+4*Incc-Iacc) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipcc+3*Iccc-3*Incc+Iacc)),
-        Ipnc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,ny,z,c,out_value), Icnc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,ny,z,c,out_value),
-        Innc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,ny,z,c,out_value), Ianc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,ny,z,c,out_value),
-        Inc = Icnc + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipnc+Innc) + dx*dx*(2*Ipnc-5*Icnc+4*Innc-Ianc) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipnc+3*Icnc-3*Innc+Ianc)),
-        Ipac = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,ay,z,c,out_value), Icac = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,ay,z,c,out_value),
-        Inac = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,ay,z,c,out_value), Iaac = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,ay,z,c,out_value),
-        Iac = Icac + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipac+Inac) + dx*dx*(2*Ipac-5*Icac+4*Inac-Iaac) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipac+3*Icac-3*Inac+Iaac)),
-        Ic = Icc + 0.5f*(dy*(-Ipc+Inc) + dy*dy*(2*Ipc-5*Icc+4*Inc-Iac) + dy*dy*dy*(-Ipc+3*Icc-3*Inc+Iac)),
-        Ippn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,py,nz,c,out_value), Icpn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,py,nz,c,out_value),
-        Inpn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,py,nz,c,out_value), Iapn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,py,nz,c,out_value),
-        Ipn = Icpn + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ippn+Inpn) + dx*dx*(2*Ippn-5*Icpn+4*Inpn-Iapn) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ippn+3*Icpn-3*Inpn+Iapn)),
-        Ipcn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,y,nz,c,out_value),  Iccn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x, y,nz,c,out_value),
-        Incn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,y,nz,c,out_value),  Iacn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,y,nz,c,out_value),
-        Icn = Iccn + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipcn+Incn) + dx*dx*(2*Ipcn-5*Iccn+4*Incn-Iacn) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipcn+3*Iccn-3*Incn+Iacn)),
-        Ipnn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,ny,nz,c,out_value), Icnn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,ny,nz,c,out_value),
-        Innn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,ny,nz,c,out_value), Iann = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,ny,nz,c,out_value),
-        Inn = Icnn + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipnn+Innn) + dx*dx*(2*Ipnn-5*Icnn+4*Innn-Iann) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipnn+3*Icnn-3*Innn+Iann)),
-        Ipan = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,ay,nz,c,out_value), Ican = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,ay,nz,c,out_value),
-        Inan = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,ay,nz,c,out_value), Iaan = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,ay,nz,c,out_value),
-        Ian = Ican + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipan+Inan) + dx*dx*(2*Ipan-5*Ican+4*Inan-Iaan) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipan+3*Ican-3*Inan+Iaan)),
-        In = Icn + 0.5f*(dy*(-Ipn+Inn) + dy*dy*(2*Ipn-5*Icn+4*Inn-Ian) + dy*dy*dy*(-Ipn+3*Icn-3*Inn+Ian)),
-        Ippa = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,py,az,c,out_value), Icpa = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,py,az,c,out_value),
-        Inpa = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,py,az,c,out_value), Iapa = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,py,az,c,out_value),
-        Ipa = Icpa + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ippa+Inpa) + dx*dx*(2*Ippa-5*Icpa+4*Inpa-Iapa) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ippa+3*Icpa-3*Inpa+Iapa)),
-        Ipca = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,y,az,c,out_value),  Icca = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x, y,az,c,out_value),
-        Inca = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,y,az,c,out_value),  Iaca = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,y,az,c,out_value),
-        Ica = Icca + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipca+Inca) + dx*dx*(2*Ipca-5*Icca+4*Inca-Iaca) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipca+3*Icca-3*Inca+Iaca)),
-        Ipna = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,ny,az,c,out_value), Icna = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,ny,az,c,out_value),
-        Inna = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,ny,az,c,out_value), Iana = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,ny,az,c,out_value),
-        Ina = Icna + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipna+Inna) + dx*dx*(2*Ipna-5*Icna+4*Inna-Iana) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipna+3*Icna-3*Inna+Iana)),
-        Ipaa = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,ay,az,c,out_value), Icaa = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,ay,az,c,out_value),
-        Inaa = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,ay,az,c,out_value), Iaaa = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,ay,az,c,out_value),
-        Iaa = Icaa + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipaa+Inaa) + dx*dx*(2*Ipaa-5*Icaa+4*Inaa-Iaaa) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipaa+3*Icaa-3*Inaa+Iaaa)),
-        Ia = Ica + 0.5f*(dy*(-Ipa+Ina) + dy*dy*(2*Ipa-5*Ica+4*Ina-Iaa) + dy*dy*dy*(-Ipa+3*Ica-3*Ina+Iaa));
-      return Ic + 0.5f*(dz*(-Ip+In) + dz*dz*(2*Ip-5*Ic+4*In-Ia) + dz*dz*dz*(-Ip+3*Ic-3*In+Ia));
-    }
-
-    //! Return damped pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Dirichlet boundary conditions for the XYZ-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Similar to cubic_atXYZ(float,float,float,int,const T) const, except that you can specify the authorized
-       minimum and maximum of the returned value.
-    **/
-    Tfloat cubic_atXYZ(const float fx, const float fy, const float fz, const int c, const T out_value,
-                       const Tfloat min_value, const Tfloat max_value) const {
-      const Tfloat val = cubic_atXYZ(fx,fy,fz,c,out_value);
-      return val<min_value?min_value:val>max_value?max_value:val;
-    }
-
-    //! Return pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Neumann boundary conditions for the X,Y and Z-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Similar to cubic_atX(float,int,int,int) const, except that the cubic interpolation and boundary checking
-       are achieved both for X,Y and Z-coordinates.
-       \note
-       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method
-         \c _cubic_atXYZ(float,float,float,int).
-    **/
-    Tfloat cubic_atXYZ(const float fx, const float fy, const float fz, const int c=0) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "cubic_atXYZ(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      return _cubic_atXYZ(fx,fy,fz,c);
-    }
-
-    Tfloat _cubic_atXYZ(const float fx, const float fy, const float fz, const int c=0) const {
-      const float
-        nfx = fx<0?0:(fx>_width-1?_width-1:fx),
-        nfy = fy<0?0:(fy>_height-1?_height-1:fy),
-        nfz = fz<0?0:(fz>_depth-1?_depth-1:fz);
-      const int x = (int)nfx, y = (int)nfy, z = (int)nfz;
-      const float dx = nfx - x, dy = nfy - y, dz = nfz - z;
-      const int
-        px = x-1<0?0:x-1, nx = dx>0?x+1:x, ax = x+2>=width()?width()-1:x+2,
-        py = y-1<0?0:y-1, ny = dy>0?y+1:y, ay = y+2>=height()?height()-1:y+2,
-        pz = z-1<0?0:z-1, nz = dz>0?z+1:z, az = z+2>=depth()?depth()-1:z+2;
-      const Tfloat
-        Ippp = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,py,pz,c), Icpp = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,py,pz,c),
-        Inpp = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,py,pz,c), Iapp = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,py,pz,c),
-        Ipp = Icpp + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ippp+Inpp) + dx*dx*(2*Ippp-5*Icpp+4*Inpp-Iapp) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ippp+3*Icpp-3*Inpp+Iapp)),
-        Ipcp = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,y,pz,c),  Iccp = (Tfloat)(*this)(x, y,pz,c),
-        Incp = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,pz,c),  Iacp = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,y,pz,c),
-        Icp = Iccp + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipcp+Incp) + dx*dx*(2*Ipcp-5*Iccp+4*Incp-Iacp) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipcp+3*Iccp-3*Incp+Iacp)),
-        Ipnp = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,ny,pz,c), Icnp = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,pz,c),
-        Innp = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,pz,c), Ianp = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,ny,pz,c),
-        Inp = Icnp + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipnp+Innp) + dx*dx*(2*Ipnp-5*Icnp+4*Innp-Ianp) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipnp+3*Icnp-3*Innp+Ianp)),
-        Ipap = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,ay,pz,c), Icap = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ay,pz,c),
-        Inap = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ay,pz,c), Iaap = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,ay,pz,c),
-        Iap = Icap + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipap+Inap) + dx*dx*(2*Ipap-5*Icap+4*Inap-Iaap) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipap+3*Icap-3*Inap+Iaap)),
-        Ip = Icp + 0.5f*(dy*(-Ipp+Inp) + dy*dy*(2*Ipp-5*Icp+4*Inp-Iap) + dy*dy*dy*(-Ipp+3*Icp-3*Inp+Iap)),
-        Ippc = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,py,z,c), Icpc = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,py,z,c),
-        Inpc = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,py,z,c), Iapc = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,py,z,c),
-        Ipc = Icpc + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ippc+Inpc) + dx*dx*(2*Ippc-5*Icpc+4*Inpc-Iapc) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ippc+3*Icpc-3*Inpc+Iapc)),
-        Ipcc = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,y,z,c),  Iccc = (Tfloat)(*this)(x, y,z,c),
-        Incc = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,z,c),  Iacc = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,y,z,c),
-        Icc = Iccc + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipcc+Incc) + dx*dx*(2*Ipcc-5*Iccc+4*Incc-Iacc) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipcc+3*Iccc-3*Incc+Iacc)),
-        Ipnc = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,ny,z,c), Icnc = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,z,c),
-        Innc = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,z,c), Ianc = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,ny,z,c),
-        Inc = Icnc + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipnc+Innc) + dx*dx*(2*Ipnc-5*Icnc+4*Innc-Ianc) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipnc+3*Icnc-3*Innc+Ianc)),
-        Ipac = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,ay,z,c), Icac = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ay,z,c),
-        Inac = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ay,z,c), Iaac = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,ay,z,c),
-        Iac = Icac + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipac+Inac) + dx*dx*(2*Ipac-5*Icac+4*Inac-Iaac) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipac+3*Icac-3*Inac+Iaac)),
-        Ic = Icc + 0.5f*(dy*(-Ipc+Inc) + dy*dy*(2*Ipc-5*Icc+4*Inc-Iac) + dy*dy*dy*(-Ipc+3*Icc-3*Inc+Iac)),
-        Ippn = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,py,nz,c), Icpn = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,py,nz,c),
-        Inpn = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,py,nz,c), Iapn = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,py,nz,c),
-        Ipn = Icpn + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ippn+Inpn) + dx*dx*(2*Ippn-5*Icpn+4*Inpn-Iapn) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ippn+3*Icpn-3*Inpn+Iapn)),
-        Ipcn = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,y,nz,c),  Iccn = (Tfloat)(*this)(x, y,nz,c),
-        Incn = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,nz,c),  Iacn = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,y,nz,c),
-        Icn = Iccn + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipcn+Incn) + dx*dx*(2*Ipcn-5*Iccn+4*Incn-Iacn) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipcn+3*Iccn-3*Incn+Iacn)),
-        Ipnn = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,ny,nz,c), Icnn = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,nz,c),
-        Innn = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,nz,c), Iann = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,ny,nz,c),
-        Inn = Icnn + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipnn+Innn) + dx*dx*(2*Ipnn-5*Icnn+4*Innn-Iann) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipnn+3*Icnn-3*Innn+Iann)),
-        Ipan = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,ay,nz,c), Ican = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ay,nz,c),
-        Inan = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ay,nz,c), Iaan = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,ay,nz,c),
-        Ian = Ican + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipan+Inan) + dx*dx*(2*Ipan-5*Ican+4*Inan-Iaan) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipan+3*Ican-3*Inan+Iaan)),
-        In = Icn + 0.5f*(dy*(-Ipn+Inn) + dy*dy*(2*Ipn-5*Icn+4*Inn-Ian) + dy*dy*dy*(-Ipn+3*Icn-3*Inn+Ian)),
-        Ippa = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,py,az,c), Icpa = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,py,az,c),
-        Inpa = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,py,az,c), Iapa = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,py,az,c),
-        Ipa = Icpa + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ippa+Inpa) + dx*dx*(2*Ippa-5*Icpa+4*Inpa-Iapa) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ippa+3*Icpa-3*Inpa+Iapa)),
-        Ipca = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,y,az,c),  Icca = (Tfloat)(*this)(x, y,az,c),
-        Inca = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,az,c),  Iaca = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,y,az,c),
-        Ica = Icca + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipca+Inca) + dx*dx*(2*Ipca-5*Icca+4*Inca-Iaca) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipca+3*Icca-3*Inca+Iaca)),
-        Ipna = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,ny,az,c), Icna = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,az,c),
-        Inna = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,az,c), Iana = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,ny,az,c),
-        Ina = Icna + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipna+Inna) + dx*dx*(2*Ipna-5*Icna+4*Inna-Iana) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipna+3*Icna-3*Inna+Iana)),
-        Ipaa = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,ay,az,c), Icaa = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ay,az,c),
-        Inaa = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ay,az,c), Iaaa = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,ay,az,c),
-        Iaa = Icaa + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipaa+Inaa) + dx*dx*(2*Ipaa-5*Icaa+4*Inaa-Iaaa) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipaa+3*Icaa-3*Inaa+Iaaa)),
-        Ia = Ica + 0.5f*(dy*(-Ipa+Ina) + dy*dy*(2*Ipa-5*Ica+4*Ina-Iaa) + dy*dy*dy*(-Ipa+3*Ica-3*Ina+Iaa));
-      return Ic + 0.5f*(dz*(-Ip+In) + dz*dz*(2*Ip-5*Ic+4*In-Ia) + dz*dz*dz*(-Ip+3*Ic-3*In+Ia));
-    }
-
-    //! Return damped pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Neumann boundary conditions for the XYZ-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Similar to cubic_atXYZ(float,float,float,int) const, except that you can specify the authorized minimum and
-       maximum of the returned value.
-    **/
-    Tfloat cubic_atXYZ(const float fx, const float fy, const float fz, const int c,
-                       const Tfloat min_value, const Tfloat max_value) const {
-      const Tfloat val = cubic_atXYZ(fx,fy,fz,c);
-      return val<min_value?min_value:val>max_value?max_value:val;
-    }
-
-    Tfloat _cubic_atXYZ(const float fx, const float fy, const float fz, const int c,
-                        const Tfloat min_value, const Tfloat max_value) const {
-      const Tfloat val = _cubic_atXYZ(fx,fy,fz,c);
-      return val<min_value?min_value:val>max_value?max_value:val;
-    }
-
-    //! Set pixel value, using linear interpolation for the X and Y-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Set pixel value at specified coordinates (\c fx,\c fy,\c z,\c c) in the image instance, in a way that
-       the value is spread amongst several neighbors if the pixel coordinates are indeed float-valued.
-       \param value Pixel value to set.
-       \param fx X-coordinate of the pixel value (float-valued).
-       \param fy Y-coordinate of the pixel value (float-valued).
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param is_added Tells if the pixel value is added to (\c true), or simply replace (\c false) the current image
-         pixel(s).
-       \return A reference to the current image instance.
-       \note
-       - If specified coordinates are outside image bounds, no operations are performed.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& set_linear_atXY(const T& value, const float fx, const float fy=0, const int z=0, const int c=0,
-                             const bool is_added=false) {
-      const int
-        x = (int)fx - (fx>=0?0:1), nx = x + 1,
-        y = (int)fy - (fy>=0?0:1), ny = y + 1;
-      const float
-        dx = fx - x,
-        dy = fy - y;
-      if (z>=0 && z<depth() && c>=0 && c<spectrum()) {
-        if (y>=0 && y<height()) {
-          if (x>=0 && x<width()) {
-            const float w1 = (1-dx)*(1-dy), w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
-            (*this)(x,y,z,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(x,y,z,c));
-          }
-          if (nx>=0 && nx<width()) {
-            const float w1 = dx*(1-dy), w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
-            (*this)(nx,y,z,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(nx,y,z,c));
-          }
-        }
-        if (ny>=0 && ny<height()) {
-          if (x>=0 && x<width()) {
-            const float w1 = (1-dx)*dy, w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
-            (*this)(x,ny,z,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(x,ny,z,c));
-          }
-          if (nx>=0 && nx<width()) {
-            const float w1 = dx*dy, w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
-            (*this)(nx,ny,z,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(nx,ny,z,c));
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Set pixel value, using linear interpolation for the X,Y and Z-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Similar to set_linear_atXY(const T&,float,float,int,int,bool), except that the linear interpolation
-       is achieved both for X,Y and Z-coordinates.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& set_linear_atXYZ(const T& value, const float fx, const float fy=0, const float fz=0, const int c=0,
-                              const bool is_added=false) {
-      const int
-        x = (int)fx - (fx>=0?0:1), nx = x + 1,
-        y = (int)fy - (fy>=0?0:1), ny = y + 1,
-        z = (int)fz - (fz>=0?0:1), nz = z + 1;
-      const float
-        dx = fx - x,
-        dy = fy - y,
-        dz = fz - z;
-      if (c>=0 && c<spectrum()) {
-        if (z>=0 && z<depth()) {
-          if (y>=0 && y<height()) {
-            if (x>=0 && x<width()) {
-              const float w1 = (1-dx)*(1-dy)*(1-dz), w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
-              (*this)(x,y,z,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(x,y,z,c));
-            }
-            if (nx>=0 && nx<width()) {
-              const float w1 = dx*(1-dy)*(1-dz), w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
-              (*this)(nx,y,z,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(nx,y,z,c));
-            }
-          }
-          if (ny>=0 && ny<height()) {
-            if (x>=0 && x<width()) {
-              const float w1 = (1-dx)*dy*(1-dz), w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
-              (*this)(x,ny,z,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(x,ny,z,c));
-            }
-            if (nx>=0 && nx<width()) {
-              const float w1 = dx*dy*(1-dz), w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
-              (*this)(nx,ny,z,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(nx,ny,z,c));
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        if (nz>=0 && nz<depth()) {
-          if (y>=0 && y<height()) {
-            if (x>=0 && x<width()) {
-              const float w1 = (1-dx)*(1-dy)*dz, w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
-              (*this)(x,y,nz,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(x,y,nz,c));
-            }
-            if (nx>=0 && nx<width()) {
-              const float w1 = dx*(1-dy)*dz, w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
-              (*this)(nx,y,nz,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(nx,y,nz,c));
-            }
-          }
-          if (ny>=0 && ny<height()) {
-            if (x>=0 && x<width()) {
-              const float w1 = (1-dx)*dy*dz, w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
-              (*this)(x,ny,nz,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(x,ny,nz,c));
-            }
-            if (nx>=0 && nx<width()) {
-              const float w1 = dx*dy*dz, w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
-              (*this)(nx,ny,nz,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(nx,ny,nz,c));
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a C-string containing a list of all values of the image instance.
-    /**
-       Return a new \c CImg<char> image whose buffer data() is a \c char* string describing the list of all pixel values
-       of the image instance (written in base 10), separated by specified \c separator character.
-       \param separator A \c char character which specifies the separator between values in the returned C-string.
-       \param max_size Maximum size of the returned image.
-       \note
-       - The returned image is never empty.
-       - For an empty image instance, the returned string is <tt>""</tt>.
-       - If \c max_size is equal to \c 0, there are no limits on the size of the returned string.
-       - Otherwise, if the maximum number of string characters is exceeded, the value string is cut off
-         and terminated by character \c '\0'. In that case, the returned image size is <tt>max_size + 1</tt>.
-    **/
-    CImg<charT> value_string(const char separator=',', const unsigned int max_size=0) const {
-      if (is_empty()) return CImg<charT>::string("");
-      CImgList<charT> items;
-      char s_item[256] = { 0 };
-      const T *ptrs = _data;
-      unsigned int string_size = 0;
-      for (unsigned long off = 0, siz = (unsigned int)size(); off<siz && string_size<=max_size; ++off) {
-        const unsigned int printed_size = 1U + cimg_snprintf(s_item,sizeof(s_item),
-                                                             cimg::type<T>::format(),cimg::type<T>::format(*(ptrs++)));
-        CImg<charT> item(s_item,printed_size);
-        item[printed_size-1] = separator;
-        item.move_to(items);
-        if (max_size) string_size+=printed_size;
-      }
-      CImg<charT> res;
-      (items>'x').move_to(res);
-      if (max_size && res._width>max_size) res.crop(0,max_size);
-      res.back() = 0;
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //-------------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Instance Checking
-    //@{
-    //-------------------------------------
-
-    //! Test shared state of the pixel buffer.
-    /**
-       Return \c true if image instance has a shared memory buffer, and \c false otherwise.
-       \note
-       - A shared image do not own his pixel buffer data() and will not deallocate it on destruction.
-       - Most of the time, a \c CImg<T> image instance will \e not be shared.
-       - A shared image can only be obtained by a limited set of constructors and methods (see list below).
-    **/
-    bool is_shared() const {
-      return _is_shared;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image instance is empty.
-    /**
-       Return \c true, if image instance is empty, i.e. does \e not contain any pixel values, has dimensions
-       \c 0 x \c 0 x \c 0 x \c 0 and a pixel buffer pointer set to \c 0 (null pointer), and \c false otherwise.
-    **/
-    bool is_empty() const {
-      return !(_data && _width && _height && _depth && _spectrum);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image instance contains a 'inf' value.
-    /**
-       Return \c true, if image instance contains a 'inf' value, and \c false otherwise.
-    **/
-    bool is_inf() const {
-      if (cimg::type<T>::is_float()) cimg_for(*this,p,T) if (cimg::type<T>::is_inf((float)*p)) return true;
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image instance contains a 'nan' value.
-    /**
-       Return \c true, if image instance contains a 'nan' value, and \c false otherwise.
-    **/
-    bool is_nan() const {
-      if (cimg::type<T>::is_float()) cimg_for(*this,p,T) if (cimg::type<T>::is_nan((float)*p)) return true;
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image width is equal to specified value.
-    bool is_sameX(const unsigned int size_x) const {
-      return _width==size_x;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image width is equal to specified value.
-    template<typename t>
-    bool is_sameX(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return is_sameX(img._width);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image width is equal to specified value.
-    bool is_sameX(const CImgDisplay& disp) const {
-      return is_sameX(disp._width);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image height is equal to specified value.
-    bool is_sameY(const unsigned int size_y) const {
-      return _height==size_y;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image height is equal to specified value.
-    template<typename t>
-    bool is_sameY(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return is_sameY(img._height);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image height is equal to specified value.
-    bool is_sameY(const CImgDisplay& disp) const {
-      return is_sameY(disp._height);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image depth is equal to specified value.
-    bool is_sameZ(const unsigned int size_z) const {
-      return _depth==size_z;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image depth is equal to specified value.
-    template<typename t>
-    bool is_sameZ(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return is_sameZ(img._depth);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image spectrum is equal to specified value.
-    bool is_sameC(const unsigned int size_c) const {
-      return _spectrum==size_c;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image spectrum is equal to specified value.
-    template<typename t>
-    bool is_sameC(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return is_sameC(img._spectrum);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image width and height are equal to specified values.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameX(unsigned int) const and is_sameY(unsigned int) const are both verified.
-    **/
-    bool is_sameXY(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y) const {
-      return _width==size_x && _height==size_y;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image width and height are the same as that of another image.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameX(const CImg<t>&) const and is_sameY(const CImg<t>&) const are both verified.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool is_sameXY(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return is_sameXY(img._width,img._height);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image width and height are the same as that of an existing display window.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameX(const CImgDisplay&) const and is_sameY(const CImgDisplay&) const are both verified.
-    **/
-    bool is_sameXY(const CImgDisplay& disp) const {
-      return is_sameXY(disp._width,disp._height);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image width and depth are equal to specified values.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameX(unsigned int) const and is_sameZ(unsigned int) const are both verified.
-    **/
-    bool is_sameXZ(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_z) const {
-      return _width==size_x && _depth==size_z;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image width and depth are the same as that of another image.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameX(const CImg<t>&) const and is_sameZ(const CImg<t>&) const are both verified.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool is_sameXZ(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return is_sameXZ(img._width,img._depth);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image width and spectrum are equal to specified values.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameX(unsigned int) const and is_sameC(unsigned int) const are both verified.
-    **/
-    bool is_sameXC(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_c) const {
-      return _width==size_x && _spectrum==size_c;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image width and spectrum are the same as that of another image.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameX(const CImg<t>&) const and is_sameC(const CImg<t>&) const are both verified.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool is_sameXC(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return is_sameXC(img._width,img._spectrum);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image height and depth are equal to specified values.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameY(unsigned int) const and is_sameZ(unsigned int) const are both verified.
-    **/
-    bool is_sameYZ(const unsigned int size_y, const unsigned int size_z) const {
-      return _height==size_y && _depth==size_z;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image height and depth are the same as that of another image.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameY(const CImg<t>&) const and is_sameZ(const CImg<t>&) const are both verified.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool is_sameYZ(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return is_sameYZ(img._height,img._depth);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image height and spectrum are equal to specified values.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameY(unsigned int) const and is_sameC(unsigned int) const are both verified.
-    **/
-    bool is_sameYC(const unsigned int size_y, const unsigned int size_c) const {
-      return _height==size_y && _spectrum==size_c;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image height and spectrum are the same as that of another image.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameY(const CImg<t>&) const and is_sameC(const CImg<t>&) const are both verified.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool is_sameYC(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return is_sameYC(img._height,img._spectrum);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image depth and spectrum are equal to specified values.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameZ(unsigned int) const and is_sameC(unsigned int) const are both verified.
-    **/
-    bool is_sameZC(const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c) const {
-      return _depth==size_z && _spectrum==size_c;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image depth and spectrum are the same as that of another image.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameZ(const CImg<t>&) const and is_sameC(const CImg<t>&) const are both verified.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool is_sameZC(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return is_sameZC(img._depth,img._spectrum);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image width, height and depth are equal to specified values.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameXY(unsigned int,unsigned int) const and is_sameZ(unsigned int) const are both verified.
-    **/
-    bool is_sameXYZ(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y, const unsigned int size_z) const {
-      return is_sameXY(size_x,size_y) && _depth==size_z;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image width, height and depth are the same as that of another image.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameXY(const CImg<t>&) const and is_sameZ(const CImg<t>&) const are both verified.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool is_sameXYZ(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return is_sameXYZ(img._width,img._height,img._depth);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image width, height and spectrum are equal to specified values.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameXY(unsigned int,unsigned int) const and is_sameC(unsigned int) const are both verified.
-    **/
-    bool is_sameXYC(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y, const unsigned int size_c) const {
-      return is_sameXY(size_x,size_y) && _spectrum==size_c;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image width, height and spectrum are the same as that of another image.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameXY(const CImg<t>&) const and is_sameC(const CImg<t>&) const are both verified.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool is_sameXYC(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return is_sameXYC(img._width,img._height,img._spectrum);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image width, depth and spectrum are equal to specified values.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameXZ(unsigned int,unsigned int) const and is_sameC(unsigned int) const are both verified.
-    **/
-    bool is_sameXZC(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c) const {
-      return is_sameXZ(size_x,size_z) && _spectrum==size_c;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image width, depth and spectrum are the same as that of another image.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameXZ(const CImg<t>&) const and is_sameC(const CImg<t>&) const are both verified.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool is_sameXZC(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return is_sameXZC(img._width,img._depth,img._spectrum);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image height, depth and spectrum are equal to specified values.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameYZ(unsigned int,unsigned int) const and is_sameC(unsigned int) const are both verified.
-    **/
-    bool is_sameYZC(const unsigned int size_y, const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c) const {
-      return is_sameYZ(size_y,size_z) && _spectrum==size_c;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image height, depth and spectrum are the same as that of another image.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameYZ(const CImg<t>&) const and is_sameC(const CImg<t>&) const are both verified.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool is_sameYZC(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return is_sameYZC(img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image width, height, depth and spectrum are equal to specified values.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameXYZ(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int) const and is_sameC(unsigned int) const are both
-       verified.
-    **/
-    bool is_sameXYZC(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
-                     const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c) const {
-      return is_sameXYZ(size_x,size_y,size_z) && _spectrum==size_c;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image width, height, depth and spectrum are the same as that of another image.
-    /**
-       Test if is_sameXYZ(const CImg<t>&) const and is_sameC(const CImg<t>&) const are both verified.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool is_sameXYZC(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return is_sameXYZC(img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if specified coordinates are inside image bounds.
-    /**
-       Return \c true if pixel located at (\c x,\c y,\c z,\c c) is inside bounds of the image instance,
-       and \c false otherwise.
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \note
-       - Return \c true only if all these conditions are verified:
-         - The image instance is \e not empty.
-         - <tt>0<=x<=\ref width()-1</tt>.
-         - <tt>0<=y<=\ref height()-1</tt>.
-         - <tt>0<=z<=\ref depth()-1</tt>.
-         - <tt>0<=c<=\ref spectrum()-1</tt>.
-    **/
-    bool containsXYZC(const int x, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
-      return !is_empty() && x>=0 && x<width() && y>=0 && y<height() && z>=0 && z<depth() && c>=0 && c<spectrum();
-    }
-
-    //! Test if pixel value is inside image bounds and get its X,Y,Z and C-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Return \c true, if specified reference refers to a pixel value inside bounds of the image instance,
-       and \c false otherwise.
-       \param pixel Reference to pixel value to test.
-       \param[out] x X-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
-       \param[out] y Y-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
-       \param[out] z Z-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
-       \param[out] c C-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
-       \note
-       - Useful to convert an offset to a buffer value into pixel value coordinates:
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img(100,100,1,3);      // Construct a 100x100 RGB color image.
-       const unsigned long offset = 1249;       // Offset to the pixel (49,12,0,0).
-       unsigned int x,y,z,c;
-       if (img.contains(img[offset],x,y,z,c)) { // Convert offset to (x,y,z,c) coordinates.
-         std::printf("Offset %u refers to pixel located at (%u,%u,%u,%u).\n",
-                     offset,x,y,z,c);
-       }
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool contains(const T& pixel, t& x, t& y, t& z, t& c) const {
-      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height, whd = wh*_depth, siz = whd*_spectrum;
-      const T *const ppixel = &pixel;
-      if (is_empty() || ppixel<_data || ppixel>=_data+siz) return false;
-      unsigned long off = (unsigned long)(ppixel - _data);
-      const unsigned long nc = off/whd;
-      off%=whd;
-      const unsigned long nz = off/wh;
-      off%=wh;
-      const unsigned long ny = off/_width, nx = off%_width;
-      x = (t)nx; y = (t)ny; z = (t)nz; c = (t)nc;
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if pixel value is inside image bounds and get its X,Y and Z-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Similar to contains(const T&,t&,t&,t&,t&) const, except that only the X,Y and Z-coordinates are set.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool contains(const T& pixel, t& x, t& y, t& z) const {
-      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height, whd = wh*_depth, siz = whd*_spectrum;
-      const T *const ppixel = &pixel;
-      if (is_empty() || ppixel<_data || ppixel>=_data+siz) return false;
-      unsigned long off = ((unsigned long)(ppixel - _data))%whd;
-      const unsigned long nz = off/wh;
-      off%=wh;
-      const unsigned long ny = off/_width, nx = off%_width;
-      x = (t)nx; y = (t)ny; z = (t)nz;
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if pixel value is inside image bounds and get its X and Y-coordinates.
-    /**
-       Similar to contains(const T&,t&,t&,t&,t&) const, except that only the X and Y-coordinates are set.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool contains(const T& pixel, t& x, t& y) const {
-      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height, siz = wh*_depth*_spectrum;
-      const T *const ppixel = &pixel;
-      if (is_empty() || ppixel<_data || ppixel>=_data+siz) return false;
-      unsigned long off = ((unsigned int)(ppixel - _data))%wh;
-      const unsigned long ny = off/_width, nx = off%_width;
-      x = (t)nx; y = (t)ny;
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if pixel value is inside image bounds and get its X-coordinate.
-    /**
-       Similar to contains(const T&,t&,t&,t&,t&) const, except that only the X-coordinate is set.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool contains(const T& pixel, t& x) const {
-      const T *const ppixel = &pixel;
-      if (is_empty() || ppixel<_data || ppixel>=_data+size()) return false;
-      x = (t)(((unsigned long)(ppixel - _data))%_width);
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if pixel value is inside image bounds.
-    /**
-       Similar to contains(const T&,t&,t&,t&,t&) const, except that no pixel coordinates are set.
-    **/
-    bool contains(const T& pixel) const {
-      const T *const ppixel = &pixel;
-      return !is_empty() && ppixel>=_data && ppixel<_data + size();
-    }
-
-    //! Test if pixel buffers of instance and input images overlap.
-    /**
-       Return \c true, if pixel buffers attached to image instance and input image \c img overlap,
-       and \c false otherwise.
-       \param img Input image to compare with.
-       \note
-       - Buffer overlapping may happen when manipulating \e shared images.
-       - If two image buffers overlap, operating on one of the image will probably modify the other one.
-       - Most of the time, \c CImg<T> instances are \e non-shared and do not overlap between each others.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float>
-         img1("reference.jpg"),             // Load RGB-color image.
-         img2 = img1.get_shared_channel(1); // Get shared version of the green channel.
-       if (img1.is_overlapped(img2)) {      // Test succeeds, 'img1' and 'img2' overlaps.
-         std::printf("Buffers overlap!\n");
-       }
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool is_overlapped(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      const unsigned long csiz = size(), isiz = img.size();
-      return !((void*)(_data + csiz)<=(void*)img._data || (void*)_data>=(void*)(img._data + isiz));
-    }
-
-    //! Test if the set {\c *this,\c primitives,\c colors,\c opacities} defines a valid 3d object.
-    /**
-       Return \c true is the 3d object represented by the set {\c *this,\c primitives,\c colors,\c opacities} defines a
-       valid 3d object, and \c false otherwise. The vertex coordinates are defined by the instance image.
-       \param primitives List of primitives of the 3d object.
-       \param colors List of colors of the 3d object.
-       \param opacities List (or image) of opacities of the 3d object.
-       \param full_check Tells if full checking of the 3d object must be performed.
-       \param[out] error_message C-string to contain the error message, if the test does not succeed.
-       \note
-       - Set \c full_checking to \c false to speed-up the 3d object checking. In this case, only the size of
-         each 3d object component is checked.
-       - Size of the string \c error_message should be at least 128-bytes long, to be able to contain the error message.
-    **/
-    template<typename tp, typename tc, typename to>
-    bool is_object3d(const CImgList<tp>& primitives,
-                     const CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                     const to& opacities,
-                     const bool full_check=true,
-                     char *const error_message=0) const {
-      if (error_message) *error_message = 0;
-
-      // Check consistency for the particular case of an empty 3d object.
-      if (is_empty()) {
-        if (primitives || colors || opacities) {
-          if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                          "3d object (%u,%u) defines no vertices but %u primitives, "
-                                          "%u colors and %lu opacities",
-                                          _width,primitives._width,primitives._width,
-                                          colors._width,(unsigned long)opacities.size());
-          return false;
-        }
-        return true;
-      }
-
-      // Check consistency of vertices.
-      if (_height!=3 || _depth>1 || _spectrum>1) { // Check vertices dimensions.
-        if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                        "3d object (%u,%u) has invalid vertex dimensions (%u,%u,%u,%u)",
-                                        _width,primitives._width,_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-        return false;
-      }
-      if (colors._width>primitives._width+1) {
-        if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                        "3d object (%u,%u) defines %u colors",
-                                        _width,primitives._width,colors._width);
-        return false;
-      }
-      if (opacities.size()>primitives._width) {
-        if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                        "3d object (%u,%u) defines %lu opacities",
-                                        _width,primitives._width,(unsigned long)opacities.size());
-        return false;
-      }
-      if (!full_check) return true;
-
-      // Check consistency of primitives.
-      cimglist_for(primitives,l) {
-        const CImg<tp>& primitive = primitives[l];
-        const unsigned long psiz = primitive.size();
-        switch (psiz) {
-        case 1 : { // Point.
-          const unsigned int i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0);
-          if (i0>=_width) {
-            if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                            "3d object (%u,%u) refers to invalid vertex indice %u in "
-                                            "point primitive [%u]",
-                                            _width,primitives._width,i0,l);
-            return false;
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 5 : { // Sphere.
-          const unsigned int
-            i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0),
-            i1 = (unsigned int)primitive(1);
-          if (i0>=_width || i1>=_width) {
-            if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                            "3d object (%u,%u) refers to invalid vertex indices (%u,%u) in "
-                                            "sphere primitive [%u]",
-                                            _width,primitives._width,i0,i1,l);
-            return false;
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 2 : // Segment.
-        case 6 : {
-          const unsigned int
-            i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0),
-            i1 = (unsigned int)primitive(1);
-          if (i0>=_width || i1>=_width) {
-            if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                            "3d object (%u,%u) refers to invalid vertex indices (%u,%u) in "
-                                            "segment primitive [%u]",
-                                            _width,primitives._width,i0,i1,l);
-            return false;
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 3 : // Triangle.
-        case 9 : {
-          const unsigned int
-            i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0),
-            i1 = (unsigned int)primitive(1),
-            i2 = (unsigned int)primitive(2);
-          if (i0>=_width || i1>=_width || i2>=_width) {
-            if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                            "3d object (%u,%u) refers to invalid vertex indices (%u,%u,%u) in "
-                                            "triangle primitive [%u]",
-                                            _width,primitives._width,i0,i1,i2,l);
-            return false;
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 4 : // Quadrangle.
-        case 12 : {
-          const unsigned int
-            i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0),
-            i1 = (unsigned int)primitive(1),
-            i2 = (unsigned int)primitive(2),
-            i3 = (unsigned int)primitive(3);
-          if (i0>=_width || i1>=_width || i2>=_width || i3>=_width) {
-            if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                            "3d object (%u,%u) refers to invalid vertex indices (%u,%u,%u,%u) in "
-                                            "quadrangle primitive [%u]",
-                                            _width,primitives._width,i0,i1,i2,i3,l);
-            return false;
-          }
-        } break;
-        default :
-          if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                          "3d object (%u,%u) defines an invalid primitive [%u] of size %u",
-                                          _width,primitives._width,l,(unsigned int)psiz);
-          return false;
-        }
-      }
-
-      // Check consistency of colors.
-      cimglist_for(colors,c) {
-        const CImg<tc>& color = colors[c];
-        if (!color) {
-          if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                          "3d object (%u,%u) defines no color for primitive [%u]",
-                                          _width,primitives._width,c);
-          return false;
-        }
-      }
-
-      // Check consistency of light texture.
-      if (colors._width>primitives._width) {
-        const CImg<tc> &light = colors.back();
-        if (!light || light._depth>1) {
-          if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                          "3d object (%u,%u) defines an invalid light texture (%u,%u,%u,%u)",
-                                          _width,primitives._width,light._width,
-                                          light._height,light._depth,light._spectrum);
-          return false;
-        }
-      }
-
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if image instance represents a valid serialization of a 3d object.
-    /**
-       Return \c true if the image instance represents a valid serialization of a 3d object, and \c false otherwise.
-       \param full_check Tells if full checking of the instance must be performed.
-       \param[out] error_message C-string to contain the error message, if the test does not succeed.
-       \note
-       - Set \c full_check to \c false to speed-up the 3d object checking. In this case, only the size of
-         each 3d object component is checked.
-       - Size of the string \c error_message should be at least 128-bytes long, to be able to contain the error message.
-    **/
-    bool is_CImg3d(const bool full_check=true, char *const error_message=0) const {
-      if (error_message) *error_message = 0;
-
-      // Check instance dimension and header.
-      if (_width!=1 || _height<8 || _depth!=1 || _spectrum!=1) {
-        if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                        "CImg3d has invalid dimensions (%u,%u,%u,%u)",
-                                        _width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-        return false;
-      }
-      const T *ptrs = _data, *const ptre = end();
-      if (!_is_CImg3d(*(ptrs++),'C') || !_is_CImg3d(*(ptrs++),'I') || !_is_CImg3d(*(ptrs++),'m') ||
-          !_is_CImg3d(*(ptrs++),'g') || !_is_CImg3d(*(ptrs++),'3') || !_is_CImg3d(*(ptrs++),'d')) {
-        if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                        "CImg3d header not found");
-        return false;
-      }
-      const unsigned int
-        nb_points = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++)),
-        nb_primitives = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++));
-
-      // Check consistency of number of vertices / primitives.
-      if (!full_check) {
-        const unsigned long minimal_size = 8UL + 3*nb_points + 6*nb_primitives;
-        if (_data + minimal_size>ptre) {
-          if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                          "CImg3d (%u,%u) has only %lu values, while at least %lu values were expected",
-                                          nb_points,nb_primitives,size(),minimal_size);
-          return false;
-        }
-      }
-
-      // Check consistency of vertex data.
-      if (!nb_points) {
-        if (nb_primitives) {
-          if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                          "CImg3d (%u,%u) defines no vertices but %u primitives",
-                                          nb_points,nb_primitives,nb_primitives);
-          return false;
-        }
-        if (ptrs!=ptre) {
-          if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                          "CImg3d (%u,%u) is an empty object but contains %u value%s "
-                                          "more than expected",
-                                          nb_points,nb_primitives,(unsigned int)(ptre-ptrs),(ptre-ptrs)>1?"s":"");
-          return false;
-        }
-        return true;
-      }
-      if (ptrs+3*nb_points>ptre) {
-        if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                        "CImg3d (%u,%u) defines only %u vertices data",
-                                        nb_points,nb_primitives,(unsigned int)(ptre-ptrs)/3);
-        return false;
-      }
-      ptrs+=3*nb_points;
-
-      // Check consistency of primitive data.
-      if (ptrs==ptre) {
-        if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                        "CImg3d (%u,%u) defines %u vertices but no primitive",
-                                        nb_points,nb_primitives,nb_points);
-        return false;
-      }
-
-      if (!full_check) return true;
-
-      for (unsigned int p = 0; p<nb_primitives; ++p) {
-        const unsigned int nb_inds = (unsigned int)*(ptrs++);
-        switch (nb_inds) {
-        case 1 : { // Point.
-          const unsigned int i0 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++));
-          if (i0>=nb_points) {
-            if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                            "CImg3d (%u,%u) refers to invalid vertex indice %u in point primitive [%u]",
-                                            nb_points,nb_primitives,i0,p);
-            return false;
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 5 : { // Sphere.
-          const unsigned int
-            i0 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++)),
-            i1 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++));
-          ptrs+=3;
-          if (i0>=nb_points || i1>=nb_points) {
-            if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                            "CImg3d (%u,%u) refers to invalid vertex indices (%u,%u) in "
-                                            "sphere primitive [%u]",
-                                            nb_points,nb_primitives,i0,i1,p);
-            return false;
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 2 : case 6 : { // Segment.
-          const unsigned int
-            i0 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++)),
-            i1 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++));
-          if (nb_inds==6) ptrs+=4;
-          if (i0>=nb_points || i1>=nb_points) {
-            if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                            "CImg3d (%u,%u) refers to invalid vertex indices (%u,%u) in "
-                                            "segment primitive [%u]",
-                                            nb_points,nb_primitives,i0,i1,p);
-            return false;
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 3 : case 9 : { // Triangle.
-          const unsigned int
-            i0 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++)),
-            i1 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++)),
-            i2 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++));
-          if (nb_inds==9) ptrs+=6;
-          if (i0>=nb_points || i1>=nb_points || i2>=nb_points) {
-            if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                            "CImg3d (%u,%u) refers to invalid vertex indices (%u,%u,%u) in "
-                                            "triangle primitive [%u]",
-                                            nb_points,nb_primitives,i0,i1,i2,p);
-            return false;
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 4 : case 12 : { // Quadrangle.
-          const unsigned int
-            i0 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++)),
-            i1 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++)),
-            i2 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++)),
-            i3 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++));
-          if (nb_inds==12) ptrs+=8;
-          if (i0>=nb_points || i1>=nb_points || i2>=nb_points || i3>=nb_points) {
-            if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                            "CImg3d (%u,%u) refers to invalid vertex indices (%u,%u,%u,%u) in "
-                                            "quadrangle primitive [%u]",
-                                            nb_points,nb_primitives,i0,i1,i2,i3,p);
-            return false;
-          }
-        } break;
-        default :
-          if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                          "CImg3d (%u,%u) defines an invalid primitive [%u] of size %u",
-                                          nb_points,nb_primitives,p,nb_inds);
-          return false;
-        }
-        if (ptrs>ptre) {
-          if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                          "CImg3d (%u,%u) has incomplete primitive data for primitive [%u], "
-                                          "%u values missing",
-                                          nb_points,nb_primitives,p,(unsigned int)(ptrs-ptre));
-          return false;
-        }
-      }
-
-      // Check consistency of color data.
-      if (ptrs==ptre) {
-        if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                        "CImg3d (%u,%u) defines no color/texture data",
-                                        nb_points,nb_primitives);
-        return false;
-      }
-      for (unsigned int c = 0; c<nb_primitives; ++c) {
-        if (*(ptrs++)!=(T)-128) ptrs+=2;
-        else if ((ptrs+=3)<ptre) {
-          const unsigned int w = (unsigned int)*(ptrs-3), h = (unsigned int)*(ptrs-2), s = (unsigned int)*(ptrs-1);
-          if (!h && !s) {
-            if (w>=c) {
-              if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                              "CImg3d (%u,%u) refers to invalid shared sprite/texture indice %u "
-                                              "for primitive [%u]",
-                                              nb_points,nb_primitives,w,c);
-              return false;
-            }
-          } else ptrs+=w*h*s;
-        }
-        if (ptrs>ptre) {
-          if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                          "CImg3d (%u,%u) has incomplete color/texture data for primitive [%u], "
-                                          "%u values missing",
-                                          nb_points,nb_primitives,c,(unsigned int)(ptrs-ptre));
-          return false;
-        }
-      }
-
-      // Check consistency of opacity data.
-      if (ptrs==ptre) {
-        if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                        "CImg3d (%u,%u) defines no opacity data",
-                                        nb_points,nb_primitives);
-        return false;
-      }
-      for (unsigned int o = 0; o<nb_primitives; ++o) {
-        if (*(ptrs++)==(T)-128 && (ptrs+=3)<ptre) {
-          const unsigned int w = (unsigned int)*(ptrs-3), h = (unsigned int)*(ptrs-2), s = (unsigned int)*(ptrs-1);
-          if (!h && !s) {
-            if (w>=o) {
-              if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                              "CImg3d (%u,%u) refers to invalid shared opacity indice %u "
-                                              "for primitive [%u]",
-                                              nb_points,nb_primitives,w,o);
-              return false;
-            }
-          } else ptrs+=w*h*s;
-        }
-        if (ptrs>ptre) {
-          if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                          "CImg3d (%u,%u) has incomplete opacity data for primitive [%u]",
-                                          nb_points,nb_primitives,o);
-          return false;
-        }
-      }
-
-      // Check end of data.
-      if (ptrs<ptre) {
-        if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
-                                        "CImg3d (%u,%u) contains %u value%s more than expected",
-                                        nb_points,nb_primitives,(unsigned int)(ptre-ptrs),(ptre-ptrs)>1?"s":"");
-        return false;
-      }
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    static bool _is_CImg3d(const T val, const char c) {
-      return val>=(T)c && val<(T)(c+1);
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //-------------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Mathematical Functions
-    //@{
-    //-------------------------------------
-
-    // Define the math formula parser/compiler and evaluator.
-    struct _cimg_math_parser {
-      CImgList<longT> code;
-      CImg<longT> opcode;
-      const CImg<longT>* p_code;
-      CImgList<charT> labelM;
-      CImg<uintT> level, labelMpos, label1pos;
-      CImg<doubleT> mem;
-      CImg<charT> expr;
-      const CImg<T>& reference;
-      CImg<Tdouble> reference_stats;
-      unsigned int mempos, result;
-      const char *const calling_function;
-      typedef double (*mp_func)(_cimg_math_parser&);
-
-#define _cimg_mp_return(x) { *se = saved_char; return x; }
-#define _cimg_mp_opcode0(op) _cimg_mp_return(opcode0(op));
-#define _cimg_mp_opcode1(op,i1) _cimg_mp_return(opcode1(op,i1));
-#define _cimg_mp_opcode2(op,i1,i2) { const unsigned int _i1 = i1, _i2 = i2; _cimg_mp_return(opcode2(op,_i1,_i2)); }
-#define _cimg_mp_opcode3(op,i1,i2,i3) \
-  { const unsigned int _i1 = i1, _i2 = i2, _i3 = i3; _cimg_mp_return(opcode3(op,_i1,_i2,_i3)); }
-#define _cimg_mp_opcode6(op,i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6) \
-  { const unsigned int _i1 = i1, _i2 = i2, _i3 = i3, _i4 = i4, _i5 = i5, _i6 = i6; \
-        _cimg_mp_return(opcode6(op,_i1,_i2,_i3,_i4,_i5,_i6)); }
-
-#if defined(_WIN64)
-      // On Win64 and gcc 4.7, sizeof(long)!=sizeof(pointer), so a workaround is needed..
-#define _cimg_mp_enfunc(op) (long)((char*)(op)-(char*)mp_u)
-#define _cimg_mp_defunc(mp) (*(mp_func)((char*)mp_u+(mp).opcode[0]))(mp)
-#else
-#define _cimg_mp_enfunc(op) (long)(op)
-#define _cimg_mp_defunc(mp) (*(mp_func)((mp).opcode[0]))(mp)
-#endif
-
-      // Constructors.
-      _cimg_math_parser():reference(CImg<T>::empty()),calling_function(0) {}
-
-      _cimg_math_parser(const CImg<T>& img, const char *const expression, const char *const funcname=0):
-        reference(img),calling_function(funcname?funcname:"cimg_math_parser") {
-        unsigned int l = 0;
-        if (expression) {
-          l = (unsigned int)std::strlen(expression);
-          expr.assign(expression,l+1);
-          if (*expr._data) {
-            char *d = expr._data;
-            for (const char *s = expr._data; *s || (bool)(*d=0); ++s) if (*s!=' ') *(d++) = *s;
-            l = (unsigned int)(d - expr._data);
-          }
-        }
-        if (!l) throw CImgArgumentException("[_cimg_math_parser] "
-                                            "CImg<%s>::%s(): Empty specified expression.",
-                                            pixel_type(),calling_function);
-
-        int lv = 0; // Count parentheses/brackets level of expression.
-        level.assign(l);
-        unsigned int *pd = level._data;
-        for (const char *ps = expr._data; *ps && lv>=0; ++ps)
-          *(pd++) = (unsigned int)(*ps=='('||*ps=='['?lv++:*ps==')'||*ps==']'?--lv:lv);
-        if (lv!=0) {
-          throw CImgArgumentException("[_cimg_math_parser] "
-                                      "CImg<%s>::%s(): Unbalanced parentheses/brackets in specified expression '%s'.",
-                                      pixel_type(),calling_function,
-                                      expr._data);
-        }
-        // Init constant values.
-        mem.assign(512);
-        mem[0] = 0;
-        mem[1] = 1;
-        mem[2] = 2;
-        mem[3] = (double)reference._width;
-        mem[4] = (double)reference._height;
-        mem[5] = (double)reference._depth;
-        mem[6] = (double)reference._spectrum;
-        mem[7] = cimg::PI;
-        mem[8] = std::exp(1.0); // Then [9] = x, [10] = y, [11] = z, [12] = c
-        mempos = 13;
-        labelMpos.assign(8);
-        label1pos.assign(128,1,1,1,~0U);
-        label1pos['w'] = 3;
-        label1pos['h'] = 4;
-        label1pos['d'] = 5;
-        label1pos['s'] = 6;
-        label1pos[0] = 7; // pi
-        label1pos['e'] = 8;
-        label1pos['x'] = 9;
-        label1pos['y'] = 10;
-        label1pos['z'] = 11;
-        label1pos['c'] = 12;
-        result = compile(expr._data,expr._data+l); // Compile formula into a serie of opcodes.
-      }
-
-      // Insert code instructions.
-      unsigned int opcode0(const mp_func op) {
-        if (mempos>=mem._width) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
-        const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
-        CImg<longT>::vector(_cimg_mp_enfunc(op),pos).move_to(code);
-        return pos;
-      }
-
-      unsigned int opcode1(const mp_func op, const unsigned int arg1) {
-        if (mempos>=mem._width) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
-        const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
-        CImg<longT>::vector(_cimg_mp_enfunc(op),pos,arg1).move_to(code);
-        return pos;
-      }
-
-      unsigned int opcode2(const mp_func op, const unsigned int arg1, const unsigned int arg2) {
-        if (mempos>=mem._width) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
-        const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
-        CImg<longT>::vector(_cimg_mp_enfunc(op),pos,arg1,arg2).move_to(code);
-        return pos;
-      }
-
-      unsigned int opcode3(const mp_func op,
-                           const unsigned int arg1, const unsigned int arg2, const unsigned int arg3) {
-        if (mempos>=mem._width) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
-        const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
-        CImg<longT>::vector(_cimg_mp_enfunc(op),pos,arg1,arg2,arg3).move_to(code);
-        return pos;
-      }
-
-      unsigned int opcode6(const mp_func op,
-                           const unsigned int arg1, const unsigned int arg2, const unsigned int arg3,
-                           const unsigned int arg4, const unsigned int arg5, const unsigned int arg6) {
-        if (mempos>=mem._width) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
-        const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
-        CImg<longT>::vector(_cimg_mp_enfunc(op),pos,arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,arg6).move_to(code);
-        return pos;
-      }
-
-      // Compilation procedure.
-      unsigned int compile(char *const ss, char *const se) {
-        if (!ss || se<=ss || !*ss) {
-          throw CImgArgumentException("[_cimg_math_parser] "
-                                      "CImg<%s>::%s(): Missing item in specified expression '%s'.",
-                                      pixel_type(),calling_function,
-                                      expr._data);
-        }
-        char
-          *const se1 = se-1, *const se2 = se-2, *const se3 = se-3, *const se4 = se-4,
-          *const ss1 = ss+1, *const ss2 = ss+2, *const ss3 = ss+3, *const ss4 = ss+4,
-          *const ss5 = ss+5, *const ss6 = ss+6, *const ss7 = ss+7;
-        const char saved_char = *se; *se = 0;
-        const unsigned int clevel = level[ss-expr._data], clevel1 = clevel+1;
-        if (*se1==';') return compile(ss,se1);
-
-        // Look for a single value, variable or variable assignment.
-        char end = 0, sep = 0; double val = 0;
-        const int nb = std::sscanf(ss,"%lf%c%c",&val,&sep,&end);
-        if (nb==1) {
-          if (val==0 || val==1 || val==2) _cimg_mp_return((int)val);
-          if (mempos>=mem._width) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
-          const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
-          mem[pos] = val;
-          _cimg_mp_return(pos);
-        }
-        if (nb==2 && sep=='%') {
-          if (val==0 || val==100 || val==200) _cimg_mp_return((int)(val/100));
-          if (mempos>=mem._width) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
-          const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
-          mem[pos] = val/100;
-          _cimg_mp_return(pos);
-        }
-        if (ss1==se) switch (*ss) {
-          case 'w' : case 'h' : case 'd' : case 's' :
-          case 'x' : case 'y' : case 'z' : case 'c' : case 'e' : _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[*ss]);
-          case 'u' : if (label1pos['u']!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos['u']); _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_u,0,1);
-          case 'g' : if (label1pos['g']!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos['g']); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_g);
-          case 'i' : if (label1pos['i']!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos['i']); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_i);
-          case '?' : _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_u,0,1);
-          }
-        if (ss1==se1) {
-          if (*ss=='p' && *ss1=='i') _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[0]); // pi
-          if (*ss=='i') {
-            if (*ss1=='m') { if (label1pos[1]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[1]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_im); } // im
-            if (*ss1=='M') { if (label1pos[2]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[2]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_iM); } // iM
-            if (*ss1=='a') { if (label1pos[3]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[3]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_ia); } // ia
-            if (*ss1=='v') { if (label1pos[4]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[4]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_iv); } // iv
-          }
-          if (*ss1=='m') {
-            if (*ss=='x') { if (label1pos[5]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[5]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_xm); } // xm
-            if (*ss=='y') { if (label1pos[6]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[6]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_ym); } // ym
-            if (*ss=='z') { if (label1pos[7]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[7]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_zm); } // zm
-            if (*ss=='c') { if (label1pos[8]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[8]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_cm); } // cm
-          }
-          if (*ss1=='M') {
-            if (*ss=='x') { if (label1pos[9]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[9]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_xM); } // xM
-            if (*ss=='y') { if (label1pos[10]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[10]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_yM); } // yM
-            if (*ss=='z') { if (label1pos[11]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[11]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_zM); } // zM
-            if (*ss=='c') { if (label1pos[12]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[12]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_cM); } // cM
-          }
-        }
-
-        // Look for variable declarations.
-        for (char *s = se2; s>ss; --s)
-          if (*s==';' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel) { compile(ss,s); _cimg_mp_return(compile(s+1,se)); }
-        for (char *s = ss1, *ps = ss, *ns = ss2; s<se1; ++s, ++ps, ++ns)
-          if (*s=='=' && *ns!='=' && *ps!='=' && *ps!='>' && *ps!='<' && *ps!='!' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel) {
-            CImg<charT> variable_name(ss,(unsigned int)(s-ss+1));
-            variable_name.back() = 0;
-            bool is_valid_name = true;
-            if (*ss>='0' && *ss<='9') is_valid_name = false;
-            else for (const char *ns = ss+1; ns<s; ++ns)
-                   if ((*ns<'a' || *ns>'z') && (*ns<'A' || *ns>'Z') && (*ns<'0' || *ns>'9') && *ns!='_') {
-                     is_valid_name = false; break;
-                   }
-            if (!is_valid_name) {
-              *se = saved_char;
-              throw CImgArgumentException("[_cimg_math_parser] "
-                                          "CImg<%s>::%s(): Invalid variable name '%s' in specified expression "
-                                          "'%s%s%s'.",
-                                          pixel_type(),calling_function,
-                                          variable_name._data,
-                                          (ss-8)>expr._data?"...":"",
-                                          (ss-8)>expr._data?ss-8:expr._data,
-                                          se<&expr.back()?"...":"");
-            }
-            const unsigned int pos = compile(s+1,se);
-
-            // Check for particular case of a reserved variable.
-            if (variable_name[0] && variable_name[1] && !variable_name[2]) {
-              const char c1 = variable_name[0], c2 = variable_name[1];
-              if (c1=='p' && c2=='i') variable_name.fill((char)0,(char)0); // pi
-              else if (c1=='i') {
-                if (c2=='m') variable_name.fill(1,0); // im
-                else if (c2=='M') variable_name.fill(2,0); // iM
-                else if (c2=='a') variable_name.fill(3,0); // ia
-                else if (c2=='v') variable_name.fill(4,0); // iv
-              } else if (c2=='m') {
-                if (c1=='x') variable_name.fill(5,0); // xm
-                else if (c1=='y') variable_name.fill(6,0); // ym
-                else if (c1=='z') variable_name.fill(7,0); // zm
-                else if (c1=='c') variable_name.fill(8,0); // cm
-              } else if (c2=='M') {
-                if (c1=='x') variable_name.fill(9,0); // xM
-                else if (c1=='y') variable_name.fill(10,0); // yM
-                else if (c1=='z') variable_name.fill(11,0); // zM
-                else if (c1=='c') variable_name.fill(12,0); // cM
-              }
-            }
-            if (variable_name[1]) { // Multi-char variable.
-              int label_pos = -1;
-              cimglist_for(labelM,i) // Check for existing variable with same name.
-                if (!std::strcmp(variable_name,labelM[i])) { label_pos = i; break; }
-              if (label_pos<0) { // If new variable.
-                if (labelM._width>=labelMpos._width) labelMpos.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
-                label_pos = labelM._width;
-                variable_name.move_to(labelM);
-              }
-              labelMpos[label_pos] = pos;
-            } else label1pos[*variable_name] = pos; // Single-char variable.
-            _cimg_mp_return(pos);
-          }
-
-        // Look for unary/binary operators. The operator precedences is defined as in C++.
-        for (char *s = se3, *ns = se2; s>ss; --s, --ns) if (*s=='|' && *ns=='|' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel) {
-            const unsigned int mem_A = compile(ss,s), bp1 = code._width, mem_B = compile(s+2,se);
-            if (mempos>=mem._width) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
-            const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
-            CImg<longT>::vector(_cimg_mp_enfunc(mp_logical_or),pos,mem_A,mem_B,code._width-bp1).move_to(code,bp1);
-            _cimg_mp_return(pos);
-          }
-        for (char *s = se3, *ns = se2; s>ss; --s, --ns) if (*s=='&' && *ns=='&' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel) {
-            const unsigned int mem_A = compile(ss,s), bp1 = code._width, mem_B = compile(s+2,se);
-            if (mempos>=mem._width) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
-            const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
-            CImg<longT>::vector(_cimg_mp_enfunc(mp_logical_and),pos,mem_A,mem_B,code._width-bp1).move_to(code,bp1);
-            _cimg_mp_return(pos);
-          }
-        for (char *s = se2; s>ss; --s)
-          if (*s=='|' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
-            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_bitwise_or,compile(ss,s),compile(s+1,se));
-        for (char *s = se2; s>ss; --s)
-          if (*s=='&' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
-            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_bitwise_and,compile(ss,s),compile(s+1,se));
-        for (char *s = se3, *ns = se2; s>ss; --s, --ns)
-          if (*s=='!' && *ns=='=' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
-            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_noteq,compile(ss,s),compile(s+2,se));
-        for (char *s = se3, *ns = se2; s>ss; --s, --ns)
-          if (*s=='=' && *ns=='=' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
-            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_eqeq,compile(ss,s),compile(s+2,se));
-        for (char *s = se3, *ns = se2; s>ss; --s, --ns)
-          if (*s=='<' && *ns=='=' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
-            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_infeq,compile(ss,s),compile(s+2,se));
-        for (char *s = se3, *ns = se2; s>ss; --s, --ns)
-          if (*s=='>' && *ns=='=' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
-            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_supeq,compile(ss,s),compile(s+2,se));
-        for (char *s = se2, *ns = se1, *ps = se3; s>ss; --s, --ns, --ps)
-          if (*s=='<' && *ns!='<' && *ps!='<' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
-            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_inf,compile(ss,s),compile(s+1,se));
-        for (char *s = se2, *ns = se1, *ps = se3; s>ss; --s, --ns, --ps)
-          if (*s=='>' && *ns!='>' && *ps!='>' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
-            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_sup,compile(ss,s),compile(s+1,se));
-        for (char *s = se3, *ns = se2; s>ss; --s, --ns)
-          if (*s=='<' && *ns=='<' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
-            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_lsl,compile(ss,s),compile(s+2,se));
-        for (char *s = se3, *ns = se2; s>ss; --s, --ns)
-          if (*s=='>' && *ns=='>' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
-            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_lsr,compile(ss,s),compile(s+2,se));
-        for (char *s = se2, *ps = se3; s>ss; --s, --ps)
-          if (*s=='+' && *ps!='-' && *ps!='+' && *ps!='*' && *ps!='/' && *ps!='%' &&
-              *ps!='&' && *ps!='|' && *ps!='^' && *ps!='!' && *ps!='~' &&
-              (*ps!='e' || !(ps>ss && (*(ps-1)=='.' || (*(ps-1)>='0' && *(ps-1)<='9')))) && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
-            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_add,compile(ss,s),compile(s+1,se));
-        for (char *s = se2, *ps = se3; s>ss; --s, --ps)
-          if (*s=='-' && *ps!='-' && *ps!='+' && *ps!='*' && *ps!='/' && *ps!='%' &&
-              *ps!='&' && *ps!='|' && *ps!='^' && *ps!='!' && *ps!='~' &&
-              (*ps!='e' || !(ps>ss && (*(ps-1)=='.' || (*(ps-1)>='0' && *(ps-1)<='9')))) && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
-            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_sub,compile(ss,s),compile(s+1,se));
-        for (char *s = se2; s>ss; --s) if (*s=='*' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel) {
-            const unsigned int mem_A = compile(ss,s), bp1 = code._width, mem_B = compile(s+1,se);
-            if (mempos>=mem._width) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
-            const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
-            CImg<longT>::vector(_cimg_mp_enfunc(mp_mul),pos,mem_A,mem_B,code._width-bp1).move_to(code,bp1);
-            _cimg_mp_return(pos);
-          }
-        for (char *s = se2; s>ss; --s)
-          if (*s=='/' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
-            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_div,compile(ss,s),compile(s+1,se));
-        for (char *s = se2, *ns = se1; s>ss; --s, --ns)
-          if (*s=='%' && *ns!='^' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
-            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_modulo,compile(ss,s),compile(s+1,se));
-        if (ss<se1) {
-          if (*ss=='+') _cimg_mp_return(compile(ss1,se));
-          if (*ss=='-') _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_minus,compile(ss1,se));
-          if (*ss=='!') _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_logical_not,compile(ss1,se));
-          if (*ss=='~') _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_bitwise_not,compile(ss1,se));
-        }
-        for (char *s = se2; s>ss; --s)
-          if (*s=='^' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
-            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_pow,compile(ss,s),compile(s+1,se));
-
-        // Look for a function call or a parenthesis.
-        if (*se1==']') {
-          const bool is_relative = *ss=='j';
-          if ((*ss=='i' || is_relative) && *ss1=='[') {
-            if (*ss2==']') _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_i);
-            _cimg_mp_opcode1(is_relative?mp_joff:mp_ioff,compile(ss2,se1));
-          }
-        }
-        if (*se1==')') {
-          if (*ss=='(') _cimg_mp_return(compile(ss1,se1));
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"sin(",4)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_sin,compile(ss4,se1));
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"cos(",4)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_cos,compile(ss4,se1));
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"tan(",4)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_tan,compile(ss4,se1));
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"asin(",5)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_asin,compile(ss5,se1));
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"acos(",5)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_acos,compile(ss5,se1));
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"atan(",5)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_atan,compile(ss5,se1));
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"sinh(",5)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_sinh,compile(ss5,se1));
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"cosh(",5)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_cosh,compile(ss5,se1));
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"tanh(",5)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_tanh,compile(ss5,se1));
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"log10(",6)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_log10,compile(ss6,se1));
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"log2(",5)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_log2,compile(ss5,se1));
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"log(",4)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_log,compile(ss4,se1));
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"exp(",4)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_exp,compile(ss4,se1));
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"sqrt(",5)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_sqrt,compile(ss5,se1));
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"sign(",5)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_sign,compile(ss5,se1));
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"abs(",4)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_abs,compile(ss4,se1));
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"atan2(",6)) {
-            char *s1 = ss6; while (s1<se2 && (*s1!=',' || level[s1-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s1;
-            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_atan2,compile(ss6,s1),compile(s1+1,se1));
-          }
-          if (*ss=='i' && *ss1=='f' && *ss2=='(') {
-            char *s1 = ss3; while (s1<se4 && (*s1!=',' || level[s1-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s1;
-            char *s2 = s1+1; while (s2<se2 && (*s2!=',' || level[s2-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s2;
-            const unsigned int mem_cond = compile(ss3,s1), bp1 = code._width, mem_A = compile(s1+1,s2),
-              bp2 = code._width, mem_B = compile(s2+1,se1);
-            if (mempos>=mem._width) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
-            const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
-            CImg<longT>::vector(_cimg_mp_enfunc(mp_if),pos,mem_cond,mem_A,mem_B,bp2-bp1,code._width-bp2).
-              move_to(code,bp1);
-            _cimg_mp_return(pos);
-          }
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"round(",6)) {
-            unsigned int value = 0, round = 1, direction = 0;
-            char *s1 = ss6; while (s1<se2 && (*s1!=',' || level[s1-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s1;
-            value = compile(ss6,s1==se2?++s1:s1);
-            if (s1<se1) {
-              char *s2 = s1+1; while (s2<se2 && (*s2!=',' || level[s2-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s2;
-              round = compile(s1+1,s2==se2?++s2:s2);
-              if (s2<se1) direction = compile(s2+1,se1);
-            }
-            _cimg_mp_opcode3(mp_round,value,round,direction);
-          }
-          if ((*ss=='?' || *ss=='u') && *ss1=='(') {
-            if (*ss2==')') _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_u,0,1);
-            char *s1 = ss2; while (s1<se1 && (*s1!=',' || level[s1-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s1;
-            if (s1<se1) _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_u,compile(ss2,s1),compile(s1+1,se1));
-            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_u,0,compile(ss2,s1));
-          }
-          const bool is_relative = *ss=='j';
-          if ((*ss=='i' || is_relative) && *ss1=='(') {
-            if (*ss2==')') _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_i);
-            unsigned int
-              indx = is_relative?0:9, indy = is_relative?0:10,
-              indz = is_relative?0:11, indc = is_relative?0:12,
-              borders = 0, interpolation = 0;
-            if (ss2!=se1) {
-              char *s1 = ss2; while (s1<se2 && (*s1!=',' || level[s1-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s1;
-              indx = compile(ss2,s1==se2?++s1:s1);
-              if (s1<se1) {
-                char *s2 = s1+1; while (s2<se2 && (*s2!=',' || level[s2-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s2;
-                indy = compile(s1+1,s2==se2?++s2:s2);
-                if (s2<se1) {
-                  char *s3 = s2+1; while (s3<se2 && (*s3!=',' || level[s3-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s3;
-                  indz = compile(s2+1,s3==se2?++s3:s3);
-                  if (s3<se1) {
-                    char *s4 = s3+1; while (s4<se2 && (*s4!=',' || level[s4-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s4;
-                    indc = compile(s3+1,s4==se2?++s4:s4);
-                    if (s4<se1) {
-                      char *s5 = s4+1; while (s5<se2 && (*s5!=',' || level[s5-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s5;
-                      interpolation = compile(s4+1,s5==se2?++s5:s5);
-                      if (s5<se1) borders = compile(s5+1,se1);
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            }
-            _cimg_mp_opcode6(is_relative?mp_jxyzc:mp_ixyzc,indx,indy,indz,indc,interpolation,borders);
-          }
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"min(",4) || !std::strncmp(ss,"max(",4) ||
-              !std::strncmp(ss,"med(",4) || !std::strncmp(ss,"kth(",4)) {
-            CImgList<longT> opcode;
-            if (mempos>=mem.size()) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
-            const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
-            CImg<longT>::vector(_cimg_mp_enfunc(*ss=='k'?mp_kth:ss[1]=='i'?mp_min:ss[1]=='a'?mp_max:mp_med),pos).
-              move_to(opcode);
-            for (char *s = ss4; s<se; ++s) {
-              char *ns = s; while (ns<se && (*ns!=',' || level[ns-expr._data]!=clevel1) &&
-                                   (*ns!=')' || level[ns-expr._data]!=clevel)) ++ns;
-              CImg<longT>::vector(compile(s,ns)).move_to(opcode);
-              s = ns;
-            }
-            (opcode>'y').move_to(code);
-            _cimg_mp_return(pos);
-          }
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"arg(",4)) {
-            CImgList<longT> opcode;
-            if (mempos>=mem.size()) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
-            const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
-            CImg<longT>::vector(_cimg_mp_enfunc(mp_arg),pos).move_to(opcode);
-            for (char *s = ss4; s<se; ++s) {
-              char *ns = s; while (ns<se && (*ns!=',' || level[ns-expr._data]!=clevel1) &&
-                                   (*ns!=')' || level[ns-expr._data]!=clevel)) ++ns;
-              CImg<longT>::vector(compile(s,ns)).move_to(opcode);
-              s = ns;
-            }
-            (opcode>'y').move_to(code);
-            _cimg_mp_return(pos);
-          }
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"narg(",5)) {
-            if (*ss5==')') _cimg_mp_return(0);
-            unsigned int nb_args = 0;
-            for (char *s = ss5; s<se; ++s) {
-              char *ns = s; while (ns<se && (*ns!=',' || level[ns-expr._data]!=clevel1) &&
-                                   (*ns!=')' || level[ns-expr._data]!=clevel)) ++ns;
-              ++nb_args; s = ns;
-            }
-            if (nb_args==0 || nb_args==1) _cimg_mp_return(nb_args);
-            if (mempos>=mem.size()) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
-            const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
-            mem[pos] = nb_args;
-            _cimg_mp_return(pos);
-          }
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"isval(",6)) {
-            char sep = 0, end = 0; double val = 0;
-            if (std::sscanf(ss6,"%lf%c%c",&val,&sep,&end)==2 && sep==')') _cimg_mp_return(1);
-            _cimg_mp_return(0);
-          }
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"isnan(",6)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_isnan,compile(ss6,se1));
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"isinf(",6)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_isinf,compile(ss6,se1));
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"isint(",6)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_isint,compile(ss6,se1));
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"isbool(",7)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_isbool,compile(ss7,se1));
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"rol(",4) || !std::strncmp(ss,"ror(",4)) {
-            unsigned int value = 0, nb = 1;
-            char *s1 = ss4; while (s1<se2 && (*s1!=',' || level[s1-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s1;
-            value = compile(ss4,s1==se2?++s1:s1);
-            if (s1<se1) {
-              char *s2 = s1+1; while (s2<se2 && (*s2!=',' || level[s2-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s2;
-              nb = compile(s1+1,se1);
-            }
-            _cimg_mp_opcode2(*ss2=='l'?mp_rol:mp_ror,value,nb);
-          }
-
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"sinc(",5)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_sinc,compile(ss5,se1));
-          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"int(",4)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_int,compile(ss4,se1));
-        }
-
-        // No known item found, assuming this is an already initialized variable.
-        CImg<charT> variable_name(ss,(unsigned int)(se-ss+1));
-        variable_name.back() = 0;
-        if (variable_name[1]) { // Multi-char variable.
-          cimglist_for(labelM,i) if (!std::strcmp(variable_name,labelM[i])) _cimg_mp_return(labelMpos[i]);
-        } else if (label1pos[*variable_name]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[*variable_name]); // Single-char variable.
-        *se = saved_char;
-        throw CImgArgumentException("[_cimg_math_parser] "
-                                    "CImg<%s>::%s(): Invalid item '%s' in specified expression '%s%s%s'.\n",
-                                    pixel_type(),calling_function,
-                                    variable_name._data,
-                                    (ss-8)>expr._data?"...":"",
-                                    (ss-8)>expr._data?ss-8:expr._data,
-                                    se<&expr.back()?"...":"");
-      }
-
-      // Evaluation functions, known by the parser.
-      // Defining these functions 'static' ensures that sizeof(mp_func)==sizeof(ulong), so we can store pointers to them
-      // directly in the opcode vectors.
-      static double mp_u(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)] + cimg::rand()*(mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]-mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_g(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        cimg::unused(mp);
-        return cimg::grand();
-      }
-      static double mp_i(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return (double)mp.reference.atXYZC((int)mp.mem[9],(int)mp.mem[10],(int)mp.mem[11],(int)mp.mem[12],0);
-      }
-      static double mp_logical_and(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        const bool is_A = (bool)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
-        const CImg<longT> *const pE = ++mp.p_code + mp.opcode(4);
-        if (!is_A) { mp.p_code = pE - 1; return 0; }
-        const unsigned int mem_B = (unsigned int)mp.opcode(3);
-        for ( ; mp.p_code<pE; ++mp.p_code) {
-          const CImg<longT> &op = *mp.p_code;
-          mp.opcode._data = op._data; mp.opcode._height = op._height;
-          const unsigned int target = (unsigned int)mp.opcode[1];
-          mp.mem[target] = _cimg_mp_defunc(mp);
-        }
-        --mp.p_code;
-        return (double)(bool)mp.mem[mem_B];
-      }
-      static double mp_logical_or(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        const bool is_A = (bool)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
-        const CImg<longT> *const pE = ++mp.p_code + mp.opcode(4);
-        if (is_A) { mp.p_code = pE - 1; return 1; }
-        const unsigned int mem_B = (unsigned int)mp.opcode(3);
-        for ( ; mp.p_code<pE; ++mp.p_code) {
-          const CImg<longT> &op = *mp.p_code;
-          mp.opcode._data = op._data; mp.opcode._height = op._height;
-          const unsigned int target = (unsigned int)mp.opcode[1];
-          mp.mem[target] = _cimg_mp_defunc(mp);
-        }
-        --mp.p_code;
-        return (double)(bool)mp.mem[mem_B];
-      }
-      static double mp_infeq(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return (double)(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]<=mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_supeq(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return (double)(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]>=mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_noteq(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return (double)(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]!=mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_eqeq(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return (double)(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]==mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_inf(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return (double)(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]<mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_sup(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return (double)(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]>mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_add(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)] + mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)];
-      }
-      static double mp_sub(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)] - mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)];
-      }
-      static double mp_mul(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        const double A = mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
-        const CImg<longT> *const pE = ++mp.p_code + mp.opcode(4);
-        if (!A) { mp.p_code = pE - 1; return 0; }
-        const unsigned int mem_B = (unsigned int)mp.opcode(3);
-        for ( ; mp.p_code<pE; ++mp.p_code) {
-          const CImg<longT> &op = *mp.p_code;
-          mp.opcode._data = op._data; mp.opcode._height = op._height;
-          const unsigned int target = (unsigned int)mp.opcode[1];
-          mp.mem[target] = _cimg_mp_defunc(mp);
-        }
-        --mp.p_code;
-        return A*(double)mp.mem[mem_B];
-      }
-      static double mp_div(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)] / mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)];
-      }
-      static double mp_minus(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return -mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
-      }
-      static double mp_not(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return !mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
-      }
-      static double mp_logical_not(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return !mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
-      }
-      static double mp_bitwise_not(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return ~(unsigned long)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
-      }
-      static double mp_modulo(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return cimg::mod(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)],mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_bitwise_and(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return ((unsigned long)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)] & (unsigned long)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_bitwise_or(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return ((unsigned long)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)] | (unsigned long)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_pow(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        const double v = mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)], p = mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)];
-        if (p==0) return 1;
-        if (p==0.5) return std::sqrt(v);
-        if (p==1) return v;
-        if (p==2) return v*v;
-        if (p==3) return v*v*v;
-        if (p==4) return v*v*v*v;
-        return std::pow(v,p);
-      }
-      static double mp_sin(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return std::sin(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_cos(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return std::cos(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_tan(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return std::tan(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_asin(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return std::asin(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_acos(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return std::acos(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_atan(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return std::atan(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_sinh(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return std::sinh(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_cosh(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return std::cosh(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_tanh(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return std::tanh(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_log10(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return std::log10(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_log2(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return cimg::log2(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_log(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return std::log(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_exp(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return std::exp(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_sqrt(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return std::sqrt(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_sign(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return cimg::sign(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_abs(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return cimg::abs(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_atan2(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return std::atan2(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)],mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_if(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        const bool is_cond = (bool)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
-        const unsigned int mem_A = (unsigned int)mp.opcode(3), mem_B = (unsigned int)mp.opcode(4);
-        const CImg<longT>
-          *const pB = ++mp.p_code + mp.opcode(5),
-          *const pE = pB + mp.opcode(6);
-        if (is_cond) { // Evaluate on-the-fly only the correct argument.
-          for ( ; mp.p_code<pB; ++mp.p_code) {
-            const CImg<longT> &op = *mp.p_code;
-            mp.opcode._data = op._data; mp.opcode._height = op._height;
-            const unsigned int target = (unsigned int)mp.opcode[1];
-            mp.mem[target] = _cimg_mp_defunc(mp);
-          }
-          mp.p_code = pE - 1;
-          return mp.mem[mem_A];
-        }
-        for (mp.p_code = pB; mp.p_code<pE; ++mp.p_code) {
-          const CImg<longT> &op = *mp.p_code;
-          mp.opcode._data = op._data; mp.opcode._height = op._height;
-          const unsigned int target = (unsigned int)mp.opcode[1];
-          mp.mem[target] = _cimg_mp_defunc(mp);
-        }
-        --mp.p_code;
-        return mp.mem[mem_B];
-      }
-      static double mp_round(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return cimg::round(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)],mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)],(int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_ixyzc(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        const int i = (int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(6)], b = (int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(7)];
-        if (i==0) { // Nearest neighbor interpolation.
-          if (b==2) return (double)mp.reference.atXYZC(cimg::mod((int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)],mp.reference.width()),
-                                                    cimg::mod((int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)],mp.reference.height()),
-                                                    cimg::mod((int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)],mp.reference.depth()),
-                                                    cimg::mod((int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)],mp.reference.spectrum()));
-          if (b==1) return (double)mp.reference.atXYZC((int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)],
-                                                    (int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)],
-                                                    (int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)],
-                                                    (int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)]);
-          return (double)mp.reference.atXYZC((int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)],
-                                          (int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)],
-                                          (int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)],
-                                          (int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)],0);
-        } else { // Linear interpolation.
-          if (b==2) return (double)mp.reference.linear_atXYZC(cimg::mod((float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)],(float)mp.reference.width()),
-                                                           cimg::mod((float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)],(float)mp.reference.height()),
-                                                           cimg::mod((float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)],(float)mp.reference.depth()),
-                                                           cimg::mod((float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)],(float)mp.reference.spectrum()));
-          if (b==1) return (double)mp.reference.linear_atXYZC((float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)],
-                                                           (float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)],
-                                                           (float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)],
-                                                           (float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)]);
-          return (double)mp.reference.linear_atXYZC((float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)],
-                                                 (float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)],
-                                                 (float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)],
-                                                 (float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)],0);
-        }
-      }
-      static double mp_jxyzc(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        const double x = mp.mem[9], y = mp.mem[10], z = mp.mem[11], c = mp.mem[12];
-        const int i = (int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(6)], b = (int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(7)];
-        if (i==0) { // Nearest neighbor interpolation.
-          if (b==2) return (double)mp.reference.atXYZC(cimg::mod((int)(x+mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]),mp.reference.width()),
-                                                    cimg::mod((int)(y+mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]),mp.reference.height()),
-                                                    cimg::mod((int)(z+mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)]),mp.reference.depth()),
-                                                    cimg::mod((int)(c+mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)]),mp.reference.spectrum()));
-          if (b==1) return (double)mp.reference.atXYZC((int)(x+mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]),
-                                                    (int)(y+mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]),
-                                                    (int)(z+mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)]),
-                                                    (int)(c+mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)]));
-          return (double)mp.reference.atXYZC((int)(x+mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]),
-                                          (int)(y+mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]),
-                                          (int)(z+mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)]),
-                                          (int)(c+mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)]),0);
-        } else { // Linear interpolation.
-          if (b==2) return (double)mp.reference.linear_atXYZC(cimg::mod((float)(x+mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]),(float)mp.reference.width()),
-                                                           cimg::mod((float)(y+mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]),(float)mp.reference.height()),
-                                                           cimg::mod((float)(z+mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)]),(float)mp.reference.depth()),
-                                                           cimg::mod((float)(c+mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)]),(float)mp.reference.spectrum()));
-          if (b==1) return (double)mp.reference.linear_atXYZC((float)(x+mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]),
-                                                           (float)(y+mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]),
-                                                           (float)(z+mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)]),
-                                                           (float)(c+mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)]));
-          return (double)mp.reference.linear_atXYZC((float)(x+mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]),
-                                                 (float)(y+mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]),
-                                                 (float)(z+mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)]),
-                                                 (float)(c+mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)]),0);
-        }
-      }
-      static double mp_min(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        double val = mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
-        for (unsigned int i = 3; i<mp.opcode._height; ++i) val = cimg::min(val,mp.mem[mp.opcode(i)]);
-        return val;
-      }
-      static double mp_max(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        double val = mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
-        for (unsigned int i = 3; i<mp.opcode._height; ++i) val = cimg::max(val,mp.mem[mp.opcode(i)]);
-        return val;
-      }
-      static double mp_med(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        CImg<doubleT> values(mp.opcode._height-2);
-        double *p = values.data();
-        for (unsigned int i = 2; i<mp.opcode._height; ++i) *(p++) = mp.mem[mp.opcode(i)];
-        return values.median();
-      }
-      static double mp_kth(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        CImg<doubleT> values(mp.opcode._height-3);
-        double *p = values.data();
-        for (unsigned int i = 3; i<mp.opcode._height; ++i) *(p++) = mp.mem[mp.opcode(i)];
-        int ind = (int)cimg::round(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
-        if (ind<0) ind+=1+values.width();
-        ind = cimg::max(1,cimg::min(values.width(),ind));
-        return values.kth_smallest(ind-1);
-      }
-      static double mp_isnan(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        const double val = mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
-        return cimg::type<double>::is_nan(val);
-      }
-      static double mp_isinf(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        const double val = mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
-        return cimg::type<double>::is_inf(val);
-      }
-      static double mp_isint(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        const double val = mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
-        return (double)(cimg::mod(val,1.0)==0);
-      }
-      static double mp_isbool(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        const double val = mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
-        return (val==0.0 || val==1.0);
-      }
-      static double mp_rol(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return cimg::rol(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)],(unsigned int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_ror(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return cimg::ror(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)],(unsigned int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_lsl(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return (long)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]<<(unsigned int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)];
-      }
-      static double mp_lsr(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return (long)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]>>(unsigned int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)];
-      }
-      static double mp_sinc(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return cimg::sinc(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
-      }
-      static double mp_im(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
-        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[0]:0;
-      }
-      static double mp_iM(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
-        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[1]:0;
-      }
-      static double mp_ia(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
-        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[2]:0;
-      }
-      static double mp_iv(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
-        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[3]:0;
-      }
-      static double mp_xm(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
-        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[4]:0;
-      }
-      static double mp_ym(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
-        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[5]:0;
-      }
-      static double mp_zm(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
-        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[6]:0;
-      }
-      static double mp_cm(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
-        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[7]:0;
-      }
-      static double mp_xM(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
-        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[8]:0;
-      }
-      static double mp_yM(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
-        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[9]:0;
-      }
-      static double mp_zM(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
-        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[10]:0;
-      }
-      static double mp_cM(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
-        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[11]:0;
-      }
-      static double mp_arg(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        const int _ind = (int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
-        const unsigned int nb_args = mp.opcode._height-2, ind = _ind<0?_ind+nb_args:(unsigned int)_ind;
-        if (ind>=nb_args) return 0;
-        return mp.mem[mp.opcode(ind+2)];
-      }
-      static double mp_int(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        return (double)(long)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
-      }
-      static double mp_ioff(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        const unsigned long off = (unsigned long)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
-        if (off>=mp.reference.size()) return 0;
-        return (double)mp.reference[off];
-      }
-      static double mp_joff(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
-        const int x = (int)mp.mem[9], y = (int)mp.mem[10], z = (int)mp.mem[11], c = (int)mp.mem[12];
-        const unsigned long off = mp.reference.offset(x,y,z,c) + (unsigned long)(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
-        if (off>=mp.reference.size()) return 0;
-        return (double)mp.reference[off];
-      }
-
-      // Evaluation procedure, with image data.
-      double operator()(const double x, const double y, const double z, const double c) {
-        if (!mem) return 0;
-        mem[9] = x; mem[10] = y; mem[11] = z; mem[12] = c;
-        opcode._is_shared = true; opcode._width = opcode._depth = opcode._spectrum = 1;
-
-        for (p_code = code._data; p_code<code.end(); ++p_code) {
-          const CImg<longT> &op = *p_code;
-          // Allows to avoid parameter passing to evaluation functions.
-          opcode._data = op._data; opcode._height = op._height;
-          const unsigned int target = (unsigned int)opcode[1];
-          mem[target] = _cimg_mp_defunc(*this);
-        }
-        return mem[result];
-      }
-    };
-
-    //! Compute the square value of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its square value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}^2\f$.
-       \note
-       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
-       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg");
-       (img,img.get_sqr().normalize(0,255)).display();
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_sqr.jpg
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& sqr() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=524288)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) { const T val = *ptrd; *ptrd = (T)(val*val); };
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the square value of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_sqr() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).sqr();
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the square root of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its square root \f$\sqrt{I_{(x,y,z,c)}}\f$.
-       \note
-       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
-       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg");
-       (img,img.get_sqrt().normalize(0,255)).display();
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_sqrt.jpg
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& sqrt() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=8192)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::sqrt((double)*ptrd);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the square root of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_sqrt() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).sqrt();
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the exponential of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its exponential \f$e^{I_{(x,y,z,c)}}\f$.
-       \note
-       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
-       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& exp() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=4096)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::exp((double)*ptrd);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the exponential of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_exp() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).exp();
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the logarithm of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its logarithm
-       \f$\mathrm{log}_{e}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
-       \note
-       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
-       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& log() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=262144)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::log((double)*ptrd);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the logarithm of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_log() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).log();
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the base-2 logarithm of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its base-2 logarithm
-       \f$\mathrm{log}_{2}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
-       \note
-       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
-       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& log2() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=4096)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)cimg::log2((double)*ptrd);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the base-10 logarithm of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_log2() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).log2();
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the base-10 logarithm of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its base-10 logarithm
-       \f$\mathrm{log}_{10}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
-       \note
-       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
-       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& log10() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=4096)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::log10((double)*ptrd);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the base-10 logarithm of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_log10() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).log10();
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the absolute value of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its absolute value \f$|I_{(x,y,z,c)}|\f$.
-       \note
-       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
-       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& abs() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=524288)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = cimg::abs(*ptrd);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the absolute value of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_abs() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).abs();
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the sign of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its sign
-       \f$\mathrm{sign}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
-       \note
-       - The sign is set to:
-         - \c 1 if pixel value is strictly positive.
-         - \c -1 if pixel value is strictly negative.
-         - \c 0 if pixel value is equal to \c 0.
-       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
-       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& sign() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = cimg::sign(*ptrd);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the sign of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_sign() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).sign();
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the cosine of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its cosine \f$\cos(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
-       \note
-       - Pixel values are regarded as being in \e radian.
-       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
-       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& cos() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=8192)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::cos((double)*ptrd);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the cosine of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_cos() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).cos();
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the sine of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its sine \f$\sin(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
-       \note
-       - Pixel values are regarded as being in \e radian.
-       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
-       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& sin() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=8192)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::sin((double)*ptrd);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the sine of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_sin() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).sin();
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the sinc of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its sinc
-       \f$\mathrm{sinc}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
-       \note
-       - Pixel values are regarded as being exin \e radian.
-       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
-       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& sinc() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=2048)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)cimg::sinc((double)*ptrd);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the sinc of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_sinc() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).sinc();
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the tangent of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its tangent \f$\tan(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
-       \note
-       - Pixel values are regarded as being exin \e radian.
-       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
-       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& tan() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=2048)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::tan((double)*ptrd);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the tangent of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_tan() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).tan();
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the hyperbolic cosine of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its hyperbolic cosine
-       \f$\mathrm{cosh}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
-       \note
-       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
-       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& cosh() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=2048)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::cosh((double)*ptrd);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the hyperbolic cosine of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_cosh() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).cosh();
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the hyperbolic sine of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its hyperbolic sine
-       \f$\mathrm{sinh}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
-       \note
-       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
-       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& sinh() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=2048)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::sinh((double)*ptrd);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the hyperbolic sine of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_sinh() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).sinh();
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the hyperbolic tangent of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its hyperbolic tangent
-       \f$\mathrm{tanh}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
-       \note
-       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
-       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& tanh() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=2048)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::tanh((double)*ptrd);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the hyperbolic tangent of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_tanh() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).tanh();
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the arccosine of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its arccosine
-       \f$\mathrm{acos}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
-       \note
-       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
-       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& acos() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=8192)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::acos((double)*ptrd);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the arccosine of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_acos() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).acos();
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the arcsine of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its arcsine
-       \f$\mathrm{asin}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
-       \note
-       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
-       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& asin() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=8192)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::asin((double)*ptrd);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the arcsine of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_asin() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).asin();
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the arctangent of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its arctangent
-       \f$\mathrm{atan}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
-       \note
-       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
-       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& atan() {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=8192)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::atan((double)*ptrd);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the arctangent of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_atan() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).atan();
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the arctangent2 of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its arctangent2
-       \f$\mathrm{atan2}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
-       \param img Image whose pixel values specify the second argument of the \c atan2() function.
-       \note
-       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
-       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float>
-          img_x(100,100,1,1,"x-w/2",false),   // Define an horizontal centered gradient, from '-width/2' to 'width/2'.
-          img_y(100,100,1,1,"y-h/2",false),   // Define a vertical centered gradient, from '-height/2' to 'height/2'.
-          img_atan2 = img_y.get_atan2(img_x); // Compute atan2(y,x) for each pixel value.
-       (img_x,img_y,img_atan2).display();
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& atan2(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
-      if (siz && isiz) {
-        if (is_overlapped(img)) return atan2(+img);
-        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
-        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
-          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
-            *ptrd = (T)std::atan2((double)*ptrd,(double)*(ptrs++));
-        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)std::atan2((double)*ptrd,(double)*(ptrs++));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the arctangent2 of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_atan2(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).atan2(img);
-    }
-
-    //! In-place pointwise multiplication.
-    /**
-       Compute the pointwise multiplication between the image instance and the specified input image \c img.
-       \param img Input image, as the second operand of the multiplication.
-       \note
-       - Similar to operator+=(const CImg<t>&), except that it performs a pointwise multiplication
-         instead of an addition.
-       - It does \e not perform a \e matrix multiplication. For this purpose, use operator*=(const CImg<t>&) instead.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImg<float>
-         img("reference.jpg"),
-         shade(img.width,img.height(),1,1,"-(x-w/2)^2-(y-h/2)^2",false);
-       shade.normalize(0,1);
-       (img,shade,img.get_mul(shade)).display();
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& mul(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
-      if (siz && isiz) {
-        if (is_overlapped(img)) return mul(+img);
-        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
-        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
-          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
-            *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd * *(ptrs++));
-        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd * *(ptrs++));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place pointwise multiplication \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<_cimg_Tt> get_mul(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false).mul(img);
-    }
-
-    //! In-place pointwise division.
-    /**
-       Similar to mul(const CImg<t>&), except that it performs a pointwise division instead of a multiplication.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& div(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
-      if (siz && isiz) {
-        if (is_overlapped(img)) return div(+img);
-        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
-        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
-          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
-            *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd / *(ptrs++));
-        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd / *(ptrs++));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! In-place pointwise division \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<_cimg_Tt> get_div(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false).div(img);
-    }
-
-    //! Raise each pixel value to a specified power.
-    /**
-       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its power \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}^p\f$.
-       \param p Exponent value.
-       \note
-       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
-       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float>
-         img0("reference.jpg"),           // Load reference color image.
-         img1 = (img0/255).pow(1.8)*=255, // Compute gamma correction, with gamma = 1.8.
-         img2 = (img0/255).pow(0.5)*=255; // Compute gamma correction, with gamma = 0.5.
-       (img0,img1,img2).display();
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& pow(const double p) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (p==-4) {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
-#endif
-        cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) { const T val = *ptrd; *ptrd = (T)(1.0/(val*val*val*val)); }
-        return *this;
-      }
-      if (p==-3) {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
-#endif
-        cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) { const T val = *ptrd; *ptrd = (T)(1.0/(val*val*val)); }
-        return *this;
-      }
-      if (p==-2) {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
-#endif
-        cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) { const T val = *ptrd; *ptrd = (T)(1.0/(val*val)); }
-        return *this;
-      }
-      if (p==-1) {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
-#endif
-        cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) { const T val = *ptrd; *ptrd = (T)(1.0/val); }
-        return *this;
-      }
-      if (p==-0.5) {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=8192)
-#endif
-        cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) { const T val = *ptrd; *ptrd = (T)(1/std::sqrt((double)val)); }
-        return *this;
-      }
-      if (p==0) return fill(1);
-      if (p==0.5) return sqrt();
-      if (p==1) return *this;
-      if (p==2) return sqr();
-      if (p==3) {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=262144)
-#endif
-        cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) { const T val = *ptrd; *ptrd = val*val*val; }
-        return *this;
-      }
-      if (p==4) {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=131072)
-#endif
-        cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) { const T val = *ptrd; *ptrd = val*val*val*val; }
-        return *this;
-      }
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=1024)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::pow((double)*ptrd,p);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Raise each pixel value to a specified power \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_pow(const double p) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).pow(p);
-    }
-
-    //! Raise each pixel value to a power, specified from an expression.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const char*), except it performs a pointwise exponentiation instead of an addition.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& pow(const char *const expression) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      try {
-        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
-        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"pow");
-        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
-        if (*expression=='<') cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)std::pow((double)*ptrd,mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
-        else if (*expression=='>')
-          cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)std::pow((double)*ptrd,mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        else {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
-#pragma omp parallel
-          {
-            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
-#pragma omp for collapse(3)
-            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
-              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)std::pow((double)*ptrd,lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-            }
-          }
-          else
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)std::pow((double)*ptrd,mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        }
-      } catch (CImgException&) {
-        CImg<Tfloat> values(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-        try {
-          values.fill(expression,true);
-        } catch (CImgException&) {
-          cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-          values.load(expression);
-        }
-        pow(values);
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Raise each pixel value to a power, specified from an expression \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_pow(const char *const expression) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).pow(expression);
-    }
-
-    //! Raise each pixel value to a power, pointwisely specified from another image.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator+=(const CImg<t>& img), except that it performs an exponentiation instead of an addition.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& pow(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
-      if (siz && isiz) {
-        if (is_overlapped(img)) return pow(+img);
-        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
-        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
-          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
-            *ptrd = (T)std::pow((double)*ptrd,(double)(*(ptrs++)));
-        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)std::pow((double)*ptrd,(double)(*(ptrs++)));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Raise each pixel value to a power, pointwisely specified from another image \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_pow(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).pow(img);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the bitwise left rotation of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator<<=(unsigned int), except that it performs a left rotation instead of a left shift.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& rol(const unsigned int n=1) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)cimg::rol(*ptrd,n);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the bitwise left rotation of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_rol(const unsigned int n=1) const {
-      return (+*this).rol(n);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the bitwise left rotation of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator<<=(const char*), except that it performs a left rotation instead of a left shift.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& rol(const char *const expression) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      try {
-        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
-        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"rol");
-        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
-        if (*expression=='<')
-          cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::rol(*ptrd,(unsigned int)mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
-        else if (*expression=='>')
-          cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::rol(*ptrd,(unsigned int)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        else {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
-#pragma omp parallel
-          {
-            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
-#pragma omp for collapse(3)
-            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
-              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::rol(*ptrd,(unsigned int)lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-            }
-          }
-          else
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::rol(*ptrd,(unsigned int)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        }
-      } catch (CImgException&) {
-        CImg<Tfloat> values(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-        try {
-          values.fill(expression,true);
-        } catch (CImgException&) {
-          cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-          values.load(expression);
-        }
-        rol(values);
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the bitwise left rotation of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_rol(const char *const expression) const {
-      return (+*this).rol(expression);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the bitwise left rotation of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator<<=(const CImg<t>&), except that it performs a left rotation instead of a left shift.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& rol(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
-      if (siz && isiz) {
-        if (is_overlapped(img)) return rol(+img);
-        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
-        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
-          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
-            *ptrd = (T)cimg::rol(*ptrd,(unsigned int)(*(ptrs++)));
-        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)cimg::rol(*ptrd,(unsigned int)(*(ptrs++)));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the bitwise left rotation of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> get_rol(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return (+*this).rol(img);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the bitwise right rotation of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator>>=(unsigned int), except that it performs a right rotation instead of a right shift.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& ror(const unsigned int n=1) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)cimg::ror(*ptrd,n);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the bitwise right rotation of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_ror(const unsigned int n=1) const {
-      return (+*this).ror(n);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the bitwise right rotation of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator>>=(const char*), except that it performs a right rotation instead of a right shift.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& ror(const char *const expression) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      try {
-        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
-        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"ror");
-        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
-        if (*expression=='<')
-          cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::ror(*ptrd,(unsigned int)mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
-        else if (*expression=='>')
-          cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::ror(*ptrd,(unsigned int)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        else {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
-#pragma omp parallel
-          {
-            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
-#pragma omp for collapse(3)
-            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
-              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::ror(*ptrd,(unsigned int)lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-            }
-          }
-          else
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::ror(*ptrd,(unsigned int)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        }
-      } catch (CImgException&) {
-        CImg<Tfloat> values(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-        try {
-          values.fill(expression,true);
-        } catch (CImgException&) {
-          cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-          values.load(expression);
-        }
-        ror(values);
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the bitwise right rotation of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_ror(const char *const expression) const {
-      return (+*this).ror(expression);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the bitwise right rotation of each pixel value.
-    /**
-       Similar to operator>>=(const CImg<t>&), except that it performs a right rotation instead of a right shift.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& ror(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
-      if (siz && isiz) {
-        if (is_overlapped(img)) return ror(+img);
-        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
-        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
-          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
-            *ptrd = (T)cimg::ror(*ptrd,(unsigned int)(*(ptrs++)));
-        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)cimg::ror(*ptrd,(unsigned int)(*(ptrs++)));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the bitwise right rotation of each pixel value \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> get_ror(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return (+*this).ror(img);
-    }
-
-    //! Pointwise min operator between instance image and a value.
-    /**
-       \param val Value used as the reference argument of the min operator.
-       \note Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by
-       \f$\mathrm{min}(I_{(x,y,z,c)},\mathrm{val})\f$.
-     **/
-    CImg<T>& min(const T val) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=65536)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = cimg::min(*ptrd,val);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Pointwise min operator between instance image and a value \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_min(const T val) const {
-      return (+*this).min(val);
-    }
-
-    //! Pointwise min operator between two images.
-    /**
-       \param img Image used as the reference argument of the min operator.
-       \note Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by
-       \f$\mathrm{min}(I_{(x,y,z,c)},\mathrm{img}_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
-     **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& min(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
-      if (siz && isiz) {
-        if (is_overlapped(img)) return min(+img);
-        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
-        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
-          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
-            *ptrd = cimg::min((T)*(ptrs++),*ptrd);
-        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = cimg::min((T)*(ptrs++),*ptrd);
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Pointwise min operator between two images \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<_cimg_Tt> get_min(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false).min(img);
-    }
-
-    //! Pointwise min operator between an image and an expression.
-    /**
-       \param expression Math formula as a C-string.
-       \note Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by
-       \f$\mathrm{min}(I_{(x,y,z,c)},\mathrm{expr}_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& min(const char *const expression) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      try {
-        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
-        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"min");
-        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
-        if (*expression=='<') cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::min(*ptrd,(T)mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
-        else if (*expression=='>') cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::min(*ptrd,(T)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        else {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
-#pragma omp parallel
-          {
-            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
-#pragma omp for collapse(3)
-            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
-              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::min(*ptrd,(T)lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-            }
-          }
-          else
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::min(*ptrd,(T)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        }
-      } catch (CImgException&) {
-        CImg<T> values(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-        try {
-          values.fill(expression,true);
-        } catch (CImgException&) {
-          cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-          values.load(expression);
-        }
-        min(values);
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Pointwise min operator between an image and an expression \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_min(const char *const expression) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).min(expression);
-    }
-
-    //! Pointwise max operator between instance image and a value.
-    /**
-       \param val Value used as the reference argument of the max operator.
-       \note Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by
-       \f$\mathrm{max}(I_{(x,y,z,c)},\mathrm{val})\f$.
-     **/
-    CImg<T>& max(const T val) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=65536)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = cimg::max(*ptrd,val);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Pointwise max operator between instance image and a value \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_max(const T val) const {
-      return (+*this).max(val);
-    }
-
-    //! Pointwise max operator between two images.
-    /**
-       \param img Image used as the reference argument of the max operator.
-       \note Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by
-       \f$\mathrm{max}(I_{(x,y,z,c)},\mathrm{img}_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
-     **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& max(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
-      if (siz && isiz) {
-        if (is_overlapped(img)) return max(+img);
-        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
-        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
-          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
-            *ptrd = cimg::max((T)*(ptrs++),*ptrd);
-        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = cimg::max((T)*(ptrs++),*ptrd);
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Pointwise max operator between two images \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<_cimg_Tt> get_max(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false).max(img);
-    }
-
-    //! Pointwise max operator between an image and an expression.
-    /**
-       \param expression Math formula as a C-string.
-       \note Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by
-       \f$\mathrm{max}(I_{(x,y,z,c)},\mathrm{expr}_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& max(const char *const expression) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      try {
-        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
-        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"max");
-        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
-        if (*expression=='<') cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::max(*ptrd,(T)mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
-        else if (*expression=='>') cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::max(*ptrd,(T)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        else {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
-#pragma omp parallel
-          {
-            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
-#pragma omp for collapse(3)
-            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
-              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::max(*ptrd,(T)lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-            }
-          }
-          else
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::max(*ptrd,(T)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
-        }
-      } catch (CImgException&) {
-        CImg<T> values(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-        try {
-          values.fill(expression,true);
-        } catch (CImgException&) {
-          cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-          values.load(expression);
-        }
-        max(values);
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Pointwise max operator between an image and an expression \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_max(const char *const expression) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).max(expression);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to the minimum pixel value.
-    /**
-     **/
-    T& min() {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "min(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      T *ptr_min = _data;
-      T min_value = *ptr_min;
-      cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) if (*ptrs<min_value) min_value = *(ptr_min=ptrs);
-      return *ptr_min;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to the minimum pixel value \const.
-    const T& min() const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "min(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      const T *ptr_min = _data;
-      T min_value = *ptr_min;
-      cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) if (*ptrs<min_value) min_value = *(ptr_min=ptrs);
-      return *ptr_min;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to the maximum pixel value.
-    /**
-     **/
-    T& max() {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "max(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      T *ptr_max = _data;
-      T max_value = *ptr_max;
-      cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) if (*ptrs>max_value) max_value = *(ptr_max=ptrs);
-      return *ptr_max;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to the maximum pixel value \const.
-    const T& max() const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "max(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      const T *ptr_max = _data;
-      T max_value = *ptr_max;
-      cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) if (*ptrs>max_value) max_value = *(ptr_max=ptrs);
-      return *ptr_max;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to the minimum pixel value as well as the maximum pixel value.
-    /**
-       \param[out] max_val Maximum pixel value.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    T& min_max(t& max_val) {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "min_max(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      T *ptr_min = _data;
-      T min_value = *ptr_min, max_value = min_value;
-      cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) {
-        const T val = *ptrs;
-        if (val<min_value) { min_value = val; ptr_min = ptrs; }
-        if (val>max_value) max_value = val;
-      }
-      max_val = (t)max_value;
-      return *ptr_min;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to the minimum pixel value as well as the maximum pixel value \const.
-    template<typename t>
-    const T& min_max(t& max_val) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "min_max(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      const T *ptr_min = _data;
-      T min_value = *ptr_min, max_value = min_value;
-      cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) {
-        const T val = *ptrs;
-        if (val<min_value) { min_value = val; ptr_min = ptrs; }
-        if (val>max_value) max_value = val;
-      }
-      max_val = (t)max_value;
-      return *ptr_min;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to the maximum pixel value as well as the minimum pixel value.
-    /**
-       \param[out] min_val Minimum pixel value.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    T& max_min(t& min_val) {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "max_min(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      T *ptr_max = _data;
-      T max_value = *ptr_max, min_value = max_value;
-      cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) {
-        const T val = *ptrs;
-        if (val>max_value) { max_value = val; ptr_max = ptrs; }
-        if (val<min_value) min_value = val;
-      }
-      min_val = (t)min_value;
-      return *ptr_max;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to the maximum pixel value as well as the minimum pixel value \const.
-    template<typename t>
-    const T& max_min(t& min_val) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "max_min(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      const T *ptr_max = _data;
-      T max_value = *ptr_max, min_value = max_value;
-      cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) {
-        const T val = *ptrs;
-        if (val>max_value) { max_value = val; ptr_max = ptrs; }
-        if (val<min_value) min_value = val;
-      }
-      min_val = (t)min_value;
-      return *ptr_max;
-    }
-
-    //! Return the kth smallest pixel value.
-    /**
-       \param k Rank of the search smallest element.
-    **/
-    T kth_smallest(const unsigned int k) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "kth_smallest(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      CImg<T> arr(*this);
-      unsigned int l = 0, ir = size() - 1;
-      for (;;) {
-        if (ir<=l+1) {
-          if (ir==l+1 && arr[ir]<arr[l]) cimg::swap(arr[l],arr[ir]);
-          return arr[k];
-        } else {
-          const unsigned int mid = (l + ir)>>1;
-          cimg::swap(arr[mid],arr[l+1]);
-          if (arr[l]>arr[ir]) cimg::swap(arr[l],arr[ir]);
-          if (arr[l+1]>arr[ir]) cimg::swap(arr[l+1],arr[ir]);
-          if (arr[l]>arr[l+1]) cimg::swap(arr[l],arr[l+1]);
-          unsigned int i = l + 1, j = ir;
-          const T pivot = arr[l+1];
-          for (;;) {
-            do ++i; while (arr[i]<pivot);
-            do --j; while (arr[j]>pivot);
-            if (j<i) break;
-            cimg::swap(arr[i],arr[j]);
-          }
-          arr[l+1] = arr[j];
-          arr[j] = pivot;
-          if (j>=k) ir = j - 1;
-          if (j<=k) l = i;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    //! Return the median pixel value.
-    /**
-     **/
-    T median() const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "median(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      const unsigned int s = size();
-      const T res = kth_smallest(s>>1);
-      return (s%2)?res:((res+kth_smallest((s>>1)-1))/2);
-    }
-
-    //! Return the sum of all the pixel values.
-    /**
-     **/
-    Tdouble sum() const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "sum(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      Tdouble res = 0;
-      cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) res+=(Tdouble)*ptrs;
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Return the average pixel value.
-    /**
-     **/
-    Tdouble mean() const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "mean(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      Tdouble res = 0;
-      cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) res+=(Tdouble)*ptrs;
-      return res/size();
-    }
-
-    //! Return the variance of the pixel values.
-    /**
-       \param variance_method Method used to estimate the variance. Can be:
-       - \c 0: Second moment, computed as
-       \f$1/N \sum\limits_{k=1}^{N} (x_k - \bar x)^2 =
-       1/N \left( \sum\limits_{k=1}^N x_k^2 - \left( \sum\limits_{k=1}^N x_k \right)^2 / N \right)\f$
-       with \f$ \bar x = 1/N \sum\limits_{k=1}^N x_k \f$.
-       - \c 1: Best unbiased estimator, computed as \f$\frac{1}{N-1} \sum\limits_{k=1}^{N} (x_k - \bar x)^2 \f$.
-       - \c 2: Least median of squares.
-       - \c 3: Least trimmed of squares.
-    **/
-    Tdouble variance(const unsigned int variance_method=1) const {
-      Tdouble foo;
-      return variance_mean(variance_method,foo);
-    }
-
-    //! Return the variance as well as the average of the pixel values.
-    /**
-       \param variance_method Method used to estimate the variance (see variance(const unsigned int) const).
-       \param[out] mean Average pixel value.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    Tdouble variance_mean(const unsigned int variance_method, t& mean) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "variance_mean(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      Tdouble variance = 0, average = 0;
-      const unsigned long siz = size();
-      switch (variance_method) {
-      case 0 :{ // Least mean square (standard definition)
-        Tdouble S = 0, S2 = 0;
-        cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) { const Tdouble val = (Tdouble)*ptrs; S+=val; S2+=val*val; }
-        variance = (S2 - S*S/siz)/siz;
-        average = S;
-      } break;
-      case 1 : { // Least mean square (robust definition)
-        Tdouble S = 0, S2 = 0;
-        cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) { const Tdouble val = (Tdouble)*ptrs; S+=val; S2+=val*val; }
-        variance = siz>1?(S2 - S*S/siz)/(siz - 1):0;
-        average = S;
-      } break;
-      case 2 : { // Least Median of Squares (MAD)
-        CImg<Tfloat> buf(*this,false);
-        buf.sort();
-        const unsigned long siz2 = siz>>1;
-        const Tdouble med_i = (double)buf[siz2];
-        cimg_for(buf,ptrs,Tfloat) {
-          const Tdouble val = (Tdouble)*ptrs; *ptrs = (Tfloat)cimg::abs(val - med_i); average+=val;
-        }
-        buf.sort();
-        const Tdouble sig = (Tdouble)(1.4828*buf[siz2]);
-        variance = sig*sig;
-      } break;
-      default : { // Least trimmed of Squares
-        CImg<Tfloat> buf(*this,false);
-        const unsigned long siz2 = siz>>1;
-        cimg_for(buf,ptrs,Tfloat) {
-          const Tdouble val = (Tdouble)*ptrs; (*ptrs)=(Tfloat)((*ptrs)*val); average+=val;
-        }
-        buf.sort();
-        Tdouble a = 0;
-        const Tfloat *ptrs = buf._data;
-        for (unsigned long j = 0; j<siz2; ++j) a+=(Tdouble)*(ptrs++);
-        const Tdouble sig = (Tdouble)(2.6477*std::sqrt(a/siz2));
-        variance = sig*sig;
-      }
-      }
-      mean = (t)(average/siz);
-      return variance>0?variance:0;
-    }
-
-    //! Return estimated variance of the noise.
-    /**
-       \param variance_method Method used to compute the variance (see variance(const unsigned int) const).
-       \note Because of structures such as edges in images it is
-       recommanded to use a robust variance estimation. The variance of the
-       noise is estimated by computing the variance of the Laplacian \f$(\Delta
-       I)^2 \f$ scaled by a factor \f$c\f$ insuring \f$ c E[(\Delta I)^2]=
-       \sigma^2\f$ where \f$\sigma\f$ is the noise variance.
-    **/
-    Tdouble variance_noise(const unsigned int variance_method=2) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "variance_noise(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      const unsigned long siz = size();
-      if (!siz || !_data) return 0;
-      if (variance_method>1) { // Compute a scaled version of the Laplacian.
-        CImg<Tdouble> tmp(*this);
-        if (_depth==1) {
-          const Tdouble cste = 1.0/std::sqrt(20.0); // Depends on how the Laplacian is computed.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height>=262144 && _spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            CImg_3x3(I,T);
-            cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,T) {
-              tmp(x,y,c) = cste*((Tdouble)Inc + (Tdouble)Ipc + (Tdouble)Icn +
-                                 (Tdouble)Icp - 4*(Tdouble)Icc);
-            }
-          }
-        } else {
-          const Tdouble cste = 1.0/std::sqrt(42.0); // Depends on how the Laplacian is computed.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=262144 && _spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            CImg_3x3x3(I,T);
-            cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,T) {
-              tmp(x,y,z,c) = cste*(
-                                   (Tdouble)Incc + (Tdouble)Ipcc + (Tdouble)Icnc + (Tdouble)Icpc +
-                                   (Tdouble)Iccn + (Tdouble)Iccp - 6*(Tdouble)Iccc);
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        return tmp.variance(variance_method);
-      }
-
-      // Version that doesn't need intermediate images.
-      Tdouble variance = 0, S = 0, S2 = 0;
-      if (_depth==1) {
-        const Tdouble cste = 1.0/std::sqrt(20.0);
-        CImg_3x3(I,T);
-        cimg_forC(*this,c) cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,T) {
-          const Tdouble val = cste*((Tdouble)Inc + (Tdouble)Ipc +
-                                    (Tdouble)Icn + (Tdouble)Icp - 4*(Tdouble)Icc);
-          S+=val; S2+=val*val;
-        }
-      } else {
-        const Tdouble cste = 1.0/std::sqrt(42.0);
-        CImg_3x3x3(I,T);
-        cimg_forC(*this,c) cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,T) {
-          const Tdouble val = cste *
-            ((Tdouble)Incc + (Tdouble)Ipcc + (Tdouble)Icnc +
-             (Tdouble)Icpc +
-             (Tdouble)Iccn + (Tdouble)Iccp - 6*(Tdouble)Iccc);
-          S+=val; S2+=val*val;
-        }
-      }
-      if (variance_method) variance = siz>1?(S2 - S*S/siz)/(siz - 1):0;
-      else variance = (S2 - S*S/siz)/siz;
-      return variance>0?variance:0;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the MSE (Mean-Squared Error) between two images.
-    /**
-       \param img Image used as the second argument of the MSE operator.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    Tdouble MSE(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      if (img.size()!=size())
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "MSE(): Instance and specified image (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have different dimensions.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum,img._data);
-      Tdouble vMSE = 0;
-      const t* ptr2 = img._data;
-      cimg_for(*this,ptr1,T) {
-        const Tdouble diff = (Tdouble)*ptr1 - (Tdouble)*(ptr2++);
-        vMSE+=diff*diff;
-      }
-      const unsigned long siz = img.size();
-      if (siz) vMSE/=siz;
-      return vMSE;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) between two images.
-    /**
-       \param img Image used as the second argument of the PSNR operator.
-       \param max_value Maximum theoretical value of the signal.
-     **/
-    template<typename t>
-    Tdouble PSNR(const CImg<t>& img, const Tdouble max_value=255) const {
-      const Tdouble vMSE = (Tdouble)std::sqrt(MSE(img));
-      return (vMSE!=0)?(Tdouble)(20*std::log10(max_value/vMSE)):(Tdouble)(cimg::type<Tdouble>::max());
-    }
-
-    //! Evaluate math formula.
-    /**
-       \param expression Math formula, as a C-string.
-       \param x Value of the pre-defined variable \c x.
-       \param y Value of the pre-defined variable \c y.
-       \param z Value of the pre-defined variable \c z.
-       \param c Value of the pre-defined variable \c c.
-    **/
-    double eval(const char *const expression,
-                const double x=0, const double y=0, const double z=0, const double c=0) const {
-      if (!expression) return 0;
-      return _cimg_math_parser(*this,expression,"eval")(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Evaluate math formula on a set of variables.
-    /**
-       \param expression Math formula, as a C-string.
-       \param xyzc Set of values (x,y,z,c) used for the evaluation.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<doubleT> eval(const char *const expression, const CImg<t>& xyzc) const {
-      CImg<doubleT> res(1,xyzc.size()/4);
-      if (!expression) return res.fill(0);
-      _cimg_math_parser mp(*this,expression,"eval");
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel if (res._height>=512 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
-      {
-        _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
-#pragma omp for
-        for (unsigned int i = 0; i<res._height; ++i) {
-          const unsigned int i4 = 4*i;
-          const double x = (double)xyzc[i4], y = (double)xyzc[i4+1], z = (double)xyzc[i4+2], c = (double)xyzc[i4+3];
-          res[i] = lmp(x,y,z,c);
-        }
-      }
-#else
-      const t *ps = xyzc._data;
-      cimg_for(res,pd,double) {
-        const double x = (double)*(ps++), y = (double)*(ps++), z = (double)*(ps++), c = (double)*(ps++);
-        *pd = mp(x,y,z,c);
-      }
-#endif
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute statistics vector from the pixel values.
-    /*
-       \param variance_method Method used to compute the variance (see variance(const unsigned int) const).
-       \return Statistics vector as <tt>[min; max; mean; variance; xmin; ymin; zmin; cmin; xmax; ymax; zmax; cmax]</tt>.
-    **/
-    CImg<Tdouble> get_stats(const unsigned int variance_method=1) const {
-      if (is_empty()) return CImg<doubleT>();
-      const unsigned long siz = size();
-      const T *const odata = _data;
-      const T *pm = odata, *pM = odata;
-      Tdouble S = 0, S2 = 0;
-      T m = *pm, M = m;
-      cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) {
-        const T val = *ptrs;
-        const Tdouble _val = (Tdouble)val;
-        if (val<m) { m = val; pm = ptrs; }
-        if (val>M) { M = val; pM = ptrs; }
-        S+=_val;
-        S2+=_val*_val;
-      }
-      const Tdouble
-        mean_value = S/siz,
-        _variance_value = variance_method==0?(S2 - S*S/siz)/siz:
-        (variance_method==1?(siz>1?(S2 - S*S/siz)/(siz - 1):0):
-         variance(variance_method)),
-        variance_value = _variance_value>0?_variance_value:0;
-      int
-        xm = 0, ym = 0, zm = 0, cm = 0,
-        xM = 0, yM = 0, zM = 0, cM = 0;
-      contains(*pm,xm,ym,zm,cm);
-      contains(*pM,xM,yM,zM,cM);
-      return CImg<Tdouble>(1,12).fill((Tdouble)m,(Tdouble)M,mean_value,variance_value,
-                                      (Tdouble)xm,(Tdouble)ym,(Tdouble)zm,(Tdouble)cm,
-                                      (Tdouble)xM,(Tdouble)yM,(Tdouble)zM,(Tdouble)cM);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute statistics vector from the pixel values \inplace.
-    CImg<T>& stats(const unsigned int variance_method=1) {
-      return get_stats(variance_method).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //-------------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Vector / Matrix Operations
-    //@{
-    //-------------------------------------
-
-    //! Compute norm of the image, viewed as a matrix.
-    /**
-       \param magnitude_type Norm type. Can be:
-       - \c -1: Linf-norm
-       - \c 0: L2-norm
-       - \c 1: L1-norm
-    **/
-    Tdouble magnitude(const int magnitude_type=2) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "magnitude(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      Tdouble res = 0;
-      switch (magnitude_type) {
-      case -1 : {
-        cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) { const Tdouble val = (Tdouble)cimg::abs(*ptrs); if (val>res) res = val; }
-      } break;
-      case 1 : {
-        cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) res+=(Tdouble)cimg::abs(*ptrs);
-      } break;
-      default : {
-        cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) res+=(Tdouble)cimg::sqr(*ptrs);
-        res = (Tdouble)std::sqrt(res);
-      }
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the trace of the image, viewed as a matrix.
-    /**
-     **/
-    Tdouble trace() const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "trace(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      Tdouble res = 0;
-      cimg_forX(*this,k) res+=(Tdouble)(*this)(k,k);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the determinant of the image, viewed as a matrix.
-    /**
-     **/
-    Tdouble det() const {
-      if (is_empty() || _width!=_height || _depth!=1 || _spectrum!=1)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "det(): Instance is not a square matrix.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      switch (_width) {
-      case 1 : return (Tdouble)((*this)(0,0));
-      case 2 : return (Tdouble)((*this)(0,0))*(Tdouble)((*this)(1,1)) - (Tdouble)((*this)(0,1))*(Tdouble)((*this)(1,0));
-      case 3 : {
-        const Tdouble
-          a = (Tdouble)_data[0], d = (Tdouble)_data[1], g = (Tdouble)_data[2],
-          b = (Tdouble)_data[3], e = (Tdouble)_data[4], h = (Tdouble)_data[5],
-          c = (Tdouble)_data[6], f = (Tdouble)_data[7], i = (Tdouble)_data[8];
-        return i*a*e - a*h*f - i*b*d + b*g*f + c*d*h - c*g*e;
-      }
-      default : {
-        CImg<Tfloat> lu(*this);
-        CImg<uintT> indx;
-        bool d;
-        lu._LU(indx,d);
-        Tdouble res = d?(Tdouble)1:(Tdouble)-1;
-        cimg_forX(lu,i) res*=lu(i,i);
-        return res;
-      }
-      }
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the dot product between instance and argument, viewed as matrices.
-    /**
-       \param img Image used as a second argument of the dot product.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    Tdouble dot(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "dot(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (!img)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "dot(): Empty specified image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      const unsigned int nb = cimg::min(size(),img.size());
-      Tdouble res = 0;
-      for (unsigned int off = 0; off<nb; ++off) res+=(Tdouble)_data[off]*(Tdouble)img[off];
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Get vector-valued pixel located at specified position.
-    /**
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> get_vector_at(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y=0, const unsigned int z=0) const {
-      CImg<T> res;
-      if (res._height!=_spectrum) res.assign(1,_spectrum);
-      const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-      const T *ptrs = data(x,y,z);
-      T *ptrd = res._data;
-      cimg_forC(*this,c) { *(ptrd++) = *ptrs; ptrs+=whd; }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Get (square) matrix-valued pixel located at specified position.
-    /**
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \note - The spectrum() of the image must be a square.
-     **/
-    CImg<T> get_matrix_at(const unsigned int x=0, const unsigned int y=0, const unsigned int z=0) const {
-      const int n = (int)std::sqrt((double)_spectrum);
-      const T *ptrs = data(x,y,z,0);
-      const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-      CImg<T> res(n,n);
-      T *ptrd = res._data;
-      cimg_forC(*this,c) { *(ptrd++) = *ptrs; ptrs+=whd; }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Get tensor-valued pixel located at specified position.
-    /**
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> get_tensor_at(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y=0, const unsigned int z=0) const {
-      const T *ptrs = data(x,y,z,0);
-      const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-      if (_spectrum==6) return tensor(*ptrs,*(ptrs+whd),*(ptrs+2*whd),*(ptrs+3*whd),*(ptrs+4*whd),*(ptrs+5*whd));
-      if (_spectrum==3) return tensor(*ptrs,*(ptrs+whd),*(ptrs+2*whd));
-      return tensor(*ptrs);
-    }
-
-    //! Set vector-valued pixel at specified position.
-    /**
-       \param vec Vector to put on the instance image.
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& set_vector_at(const CImg<t>& vec, const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y=0, const unsigned int z=0) {
-      if (x<_width && y<_height && z<_depth) {
-        const t *ptrs = vec._data;
-        const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-        T *ptrd = data(x,y,z);
-        for (unsigned int k = cimg::min((unsigned int)vec.size(),_spectrum); k; --k) {
-          *ptrd = (T)*(ptrs++); ptrd+=whd;
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Set (square) matrix-valued pixel at specified position.
-    /**
-       \param mat Matrix to put on the instance image.
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& set_matrix_at(const CImg<t>& mat, const unsigned int x=0, const unsigned int y=0, const unsigned int z=0) {
-      return set_vector_at(mat,x,y,z);
-    }
-
-    //! Set tensor-valued pixel at specified position.
-    /**
-       \param ten Tensor to put on the instance image.
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& set_tensor_at(const CImg<t>& ten, const unsigned int x=0, const unsigned int y=0, const unsigned int z=0) {
-      T *ptrd = data(x,y,z,0);
-      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-      if (ten._height==2) {
-        *ptrd = (T)ten[0]; ptrd+=siz;
-        *ptrd = (T)ten[1]; ptrd+=siz;
-        *ptrd = (T)ten[3];
-      }
-      else {
-        *ptrd = (T)ten[0]; ptrd+=siz;
-        *ptrd = (T)ten[1]; ptrd+=siz;
-        *ptrd = (T)ten[2]; ptrd+=siz;
-        *ptrd = (T)ten[4]; ptrd+=siz;
-        *ptrd = (T)ten[5]; ptrd+=siz;
-        *ptrd = (T)ten[8];
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Unroll pixel values along axis \c y.
-    /**
-       \note Equivalent to \code unroll('y'); \endcode.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& vector() {
-      return unroll('y');
-    }
-
-    //! Unroll pixel values along axis \c y \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_vector() const {
-      return get_unroll('y');
-    }
-
-    //! Resize image to become a scalar square matrix.
-    /**
-     **/
-    CImg<T>& matrix() {
-      const unsigned long siz = size();
-      switch (siz) {
-      case 1 : break;
-      case 4 : _width = _height = 2; break;
-      case 9 : _width = _height = 3; break;
-      case 16 : _width = _height = 4; break;
-      case 25 : _width = _height = 5; break;
-      case 36 : _width = _height = 6; break;
-      case 49 : _width = _height = 7; break;
-      case 64 : _width = _height = 8; break;
-      case 81 : _width = _height = 9; break;
-      case 100 : _width = _height = 10; break;
-      default : {
-        unsigned long i = 11, i2 = i*i;
-        while (i2<siz) { i2+=2*i + 1; ++i; }
-        if (i2==siz) _width = _height = i;
-        else throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                         "matrix(): Invalid instance size %u (should be a square integer).",
-                                         cimg_instance,
-                                         siz);
-      }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Resize image to become a scalar square matrix \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_matrix() const {
-      return (+*this).matrix();
-    }
-
-    //! Resize image to become a symmetric tensor.
-    /**
-     **/
-    CImg<T>& tensor() {
-      return get_tensor().move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Resize image to become a symmetric tensor \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_tensor() const {
-      CImg<T> res;
-      const unsigned long siz = size();
-      switch (siz) {
-      case 1 : break;
-      case 3 :
-        res.assign(2,2);
-        res(0,0) = (*this)(0);
-        res(1,0) = res(0,1) = (*this)(1);
-        res(1,1) = (*this)(2);
-        break;
-      case 6 :
-        res.assign(3,3);
-        res(0,0) = (*this)(0);
-        res(1,0) = res(0,1) = (*this)(1);
-        res(2,0) = res(0,2) = (*this)(2);
-        res(1,1) = (*this)(3);
-        res(2,1) = res(1,2) = (*this)(4);
-        res(2,2) = (*this)(5);
-        break;
-      default :
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "tensor(): Invalid instance size (does not define a 1x1, 2x2 or 3x3 tensor).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Resize image to become a diagonal matrix.
-    /**
-       \note Transform the image as a diagonal matrix so that each of its initial value becomes a diagonal coefficient.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& diagonal() {
-      return get_diagonal().move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Resize image to become a diagonal matrix \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_diagonal() const {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      CImg<T> res(size(),size(),1,1,0);
-      cimg_foroff(*this,off) res(off,off) = (*this)(off);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Replace the image by an identity matrix.
-    /**
-       \note If the instance image is not square, it is resized to a square matrix using its maximum
-       dimension as a reference.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& identity_matrix() {
-      return identity_matrix(cimg::max(_width,_height)).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Replace the image by an identity matrix \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_identity_matrix() const {
-      return identity_matrix(cimg::max(_width,_height));
-    }
-
-    //! Fill image with a linear sequence of values.
-    /**
-       \param a0 Starting value of the sequence.
-       \param a1 Ending value of the sequence.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& sequence(const T a0, const T a1) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const unsigned int siz = size() - 1;
-      T* ptr = _data;
-      if (siz) {
-        const Tdouble delta = (Tdouble)a1 - (Tdouble)a0;
-        cimg_foroff(*this,l) *(ptr++) = (T)(a0 + delta*l/siz);
-      } else *ptr = a0;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill image with a linear sequence of values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_sequence(const T a0, const T a1) const {
-      return (+*this).sequence(a0,a1);
-    }
-
-    //! Transpose the image, viewed as a matrix.
-    /**
-       \note Equivalent to \code permute_axes("yxzc"); \endcode
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& transpose() {
-      if (_width==1) { _width = _height; _height = 1; return *this; }
-      if (_height==1) { _height = _width; _width = 1; return *this; }
-      if (_width==_height) {
-        cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) for (int x = y; x<width(); ++x) cimg::swap((*this)(x,y,z,c),(*this)(y,x,z,c));
-        return *this;
-      }
-      return get_transpose().move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Transpose the image, viewed as a matrix \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_transpose() const {
-      return get_permute_axes("yxzc");
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the cross product between two \c 1x3 images, viewed as 3d vectors.
-    /**
-       \param img Image used as the second argument of the cross product.
-       \note The first argument of the cross product is \c *this.
-     **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& cross(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      if (_width!=1 || _height<3 || img._width!=1 || img._height<3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "cross(): Instance and/or specified image (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) are not 3d vectors.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum,img._data);
-
-      const T x = (*this)[0], y = (*this)[1], z = (*this)[2];
-      (*this)[0] = (T)(y*img[2] - z*img[1]);
-      (*this)[1] = (T)(z*img[0] - x*img[2]);
-      (*this)[2] = (T)(x*img[1] - y*img[0]);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the cross product between two \c 1x3 images, viewed as 3d vectors \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<_cimg_Tt> get_cross(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this).cross(img);
-    }
-
-    //! Invert the instance image, viewed as a matrix.
-    /**
-       \param use_LU Choose the inverting algorithm. Can be:
-       - \c true: LU-based matrix inversion.
-       - \c false: SVD-based matrix inversion.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& invert(const bool use_LU=true) {
-      if (_width!=_height || _depth!=1 || _spectrum!=1)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "invert(): Instance is not a square matrix.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-#ifdef cimg_use_lapack
-      int INFO = (int)use_LU, N = _width, LWORK = 4*N, *const IPIV = new int[N];
-      Tfloat
-        *const lapA = new Tfloat[N*N],
-        *const WORK = new Tfloat[LWORK];
-      cimg_forXY(*this,k,l) lapA[k*N+l] = (Tfloat)((*this)(k,l));
-      cimg::getrf(N,lapA,IPIV,INFO);
-      if (INFO)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "invert(): LAPACK function dgetrf_() returned error code %d.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   INFO);
-      else {
-        cimg::getri(N,lapA,IPIV,WORK,LWORK,INFO);
-        if (INFO)
-          cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                     "invert(): LAPACK function dgetri_() returned error code %d.",
-                     cimg_instance,
-                     INFO);
-      }
-      if (!INFO) cimg_forXY(*this,k,l) (*this)(k,l) = (T)(lapA[k*N+l]); else fill(0);
-      delete[] IPIV; delete[] lapA; delete[] WORK;
-#else
-      const double dete = _width>3?-1.0:det();
-      if (dete!=0.0 && _width==2) {
-        const double
-          a = _data[0], c = _data[1],
-          b = _data[2], d = _data[3];
-        _data[0] = (T)(d/dete); _data[1] = (T)(-c/dete);
-        _data[2] = (T)(-b/dete); _data[3] = (T)(a/dete);
-      } else if (dete!=0.0 && _width==3) {
-        const double
-          a = _data[0], d = _data[1], g = _data[2],
-          b = _data[3], e = _data[4], h = _data[5],
-          c = _data[6], f = _data[7], i = _data[8];
-        _data[0] = (T)((i*e-f*h)/dete), _data[1] = (T)((g*f-i*d)/dete), _data[2] = (T)((d*h-g*e)/dete);
-        _data[3] = (T)((h*c-i*b)/dete), _data[4] = (T)((i*a-c*g)/dete), _data[5] = (T)((g*b-a*h)/dete);
-        _data[6] = (T)((b*f-e*c)/dete), _data[7] = (T)((d*c-a*f)/dete), _data[8] = (T)((a*e-d*b)/dete);
-      } else {
-        if (use_LU) { // LU-based inverse computation
-          CImg<Tfloat> A(*this), indx, col(1,_width);
-          bool d;
-          A._LU(indx,d);
-          cimg_forX(*this,j) {
-            col.fill(0);
-            col(j) = 1;
-            col._solve(A,indx);
-            cimg_forX(*this,i) (*this)(j,i) = (T)col(i);
-          }
-        } else { // SVD-based inverse computation
-          CImg<Tfloat> U(_width,_width), S(1,_width), V(_width,_width);
-          SVD(U,S,V,false);
-          U.transpose();
-          cimg_forY(S,k) if (S[k]!=0) S[k]=1/S[k];
-          S.diagonal();
-          *this = V*S*U;
-        }
-      }
-#endif
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Invert the instance image, viewed as a matrix \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_invert(const bool use_LU=true) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).invert(use_LU);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse of the instance image, viewed as a matrix.
-    /**
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& pseudoinvert() {
-      return get_pseudoinvert().move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse of the instance image, viewed as a matrix \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_pseudoinvert() const {
-      CImg<Tfloat> U, S, V;
-      SVD(U,S,V);
-      const Tfloat tolerance = (sizeof(Tfloat)<=4?5.96e-8f:1.11e-16f)*cimg::max(_width,_height)*S.max();
-      cimg_forX(V,x) {
-	const Tfloat s = S(x), invs = s>tolerance?1/s:(Tfloat)0;
-	cimg_forY(V,y) V(x,y)*=invs;
-      }
-      return V*U.transpose();
-    }
-
-    //! Solve a system of linear equations.
-    /**
-       \param A Matrix of the linear system.
-       \note Solve \c AX=B where \c B=*this.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& solve(const CImg<t>& A) {
-      if (_width!=1 || _depth!=1 || _spectrum!=1 || _height!=A._height || A._depth!=1 || A._spectrum!=1)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "solve(): Instance and specified matrix (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
-                                    "incompatible dimensions.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    A._width,A._height,A._depth,A._spectrum,A._data);
-      typedef _cimg_Ttfloat Ttfloat;
-      if (A._width==A._height) {
-#ifdef cimg_use_lapack
-        char TRANS = 'N';
-        int INFO, N = _height, LWORK = 4*N, *const IPIV = new int[N];
-        Ttfloat
-          *const lapA = new Ttfloat[N*N],
-          *const lapB = new Ttfloat[N],
-          *const WORK = new Ttfloat[LWORK];
-        cimg_forXY(A,k,l) lapA[k*N+l] = (Ttfloat)(A(k,l));
-        cimg_forY(*this,i) lapB[i] = (Ttfloat)((*this)(i));
-        cimg::getrf(N,lapA,IPIV,INFO);
-        if (INFO)
-          cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                     "solve(): LAPACK library function dgetrf_() returned error code %d.",
-                     cimg_instance,
-                     INFO);
-
-        if (!INFO) {
-          cimg::getrs(TRANS,N,lapA,IPIV,lapB,INFO);
-          if (INFO)
-            cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                       "solve(): LAPACK library function dgetrs_() returned error code %d.",
-                       cimg_instance,
-                       INFO);
-        }
-        if (!INFO) cimg_forY(*this,i) (*this)(i) = (T)(lapB[i]); else fill(0);
-        delete[] IPIV; delete[] lapA; delete[] lapB; delete[] WORK;
-#else
-        CImg<Ttfloat> lu(A,false);
-        CImg<Ttfloat> indx;
-        bool d;
-        lu._LU(indx,d);
-        _solve(lu,indx);
-#endif
-      } else { // Least-square solution for non-square systems.
-#ifdef cimg_use_lapack
-	char TRANS = 'N';
-        int INFO, N = A._width, M = A._height, LWORK = -1, LDA = M, LDB = M, NRHS = _width;
-	Ttfloat WORK_QUERY;
-	Ttfloat
-	  * const lapA = new Ttfloat[M*N],
-	  * const lapB = new Ttfloat[M*NRHS];
-	cimg::sgels(TRANS, M, N, NRHS, lapA, LDA, lapB, LDB, &WORK_QUERY, LWORK, INFO);
-	LWORK = (int) WORK_QUERY;
-	Ttfloat *const WORK = new Ttfloat[LWORK];
-        cimg_forXY(A,k,l) lapA[k*M+l] = (Ttfloat)(A(k,l));
-        cimg_forXY(*this,k,l) lapB[k*M+l] = (Ttfloat)((*this)(k,l));
-	cimg::sgels(TRANS, M, N, NRHS, lapA, LDA, lapB, LDB, WORK, LWORK, INFO);
-        if (INFO != 0)
-          cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                     "solve(): LAPACK library function sgels() returned error code %d.",
-                     cimg_instance,
-                     INFO);
-	assign(NRHS, N);
-        if (!INFO != 0)
-          cimg_forXY(*this,k,l) (*this)(k,l) = (T)lapB[k*M+l];
-        else
-          assign(A.get_pseudoinvert()*(*this));
-        delete[] lapA; delete[] lapB; delete[] WORK;
-#else
-	assign(A.get_pseudoinvert()*(*this));
-#endif
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Solve a system of linear equations \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<_cimg_Ttfloat> get_solve(const CImg<t>& A) const {
-      return CImg<_cimg_Ttfloat>(*this,false).solve(A);
-    }
-
-    template<typename t, typename ti>
-    CImg<T>& _solve(const CImg<t>& A, const CImg<ti>& indx) {
-      typedef _cimg_Ttfloat Ttfloat;
-      const int N = size();
-      int ii = -1;
-      Ttfloat sum;
-      for (int i = 0; i<N; ++i) {
-        const int ip = (int)indx[i];
-        Ttfloat sum = (*this)(ip);
-        (*this)(ip) = (*this)(i);
-        if (ii>=0) for (int j = ii; j<=i-1; ++j) sum-=A(j,i)*(*this)(j);
-        else if (sum!=0) ii = i;
-        (*this)(i) = (T)sum;
-      }
-      for (int i = N - 1; i>=0; --i) {
-        sum = (*this)(i);
-        for (int j = i + 1; j<N; ++j) sum-=A(j,i)*(*this)(j);
-        (*this)(i) = (T)(sum/A(i,i));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Solve a tridiagonal system of linear equations.
-    /**
-       \param A Coefficients of the tridiagonal system.
-       A is a tridiagonal matrix A = [ b0,c0,0,...; a1,b1,c1,0,... ; ... ; ...,0,aN,bN ],
-       stored as a 3 columns matrix
-       \note Solve AX=B where \c B=*this, using the Thomas algorithm.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& solve_tridiagonal(const CImg<t>& A) {
-      const unsigned int siz = (int)size();
-      if (A._width!=3 || A._height!=siz)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "solve_tridiagonal(): Instance and tridiagonal matrix "
-                                    "(%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have incompatible dimensions.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    A._width,A._height,A._depth,A._spectrum,A._data);
-      typedef _cimg_Ttfloat Ttfloat;
-      const Ttfloat epsilon = 1e-4f;
-      CImg<Ttfloat> B = A.get_column(1), V(*this,false);
-      for (int i = 1; i<(int)siz; ++i) {
-        const Ttfloat m = A(0,i)/(B[i-1]?B[i-1]:epsilon);
-        B[i] -= m*A(2,i-1);
-        V[i] -= m*V[i-1];
-      }
-      (*this)[siz-1] = (T)(V[siz-1]/(B[siz-1]?B[siz-1]:epsilon));
-      for (int i = (int)siz - 2; i>=0; --i) (*this)[i] = (T)((V[i] - A(2,i)*(*this)[i+1])/(B[i]?B[i]:epsilon));
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Solve a tridiagonal system of linear equations \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<_cimg_Ttfloat> get_solve_tridiagonal(const CImg<t>& A) const {
-      return CImg<_cimg_Ttfloat>(*this,false).solve_tridiagonal(A);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the instance image, viewed as a matrix.
-    /**
-       \param[out] val Vector of the estimated eigenvalues, in decreasing order.
-       \param[out] vec Matrix of the estimated eigenvalues, sorted by columns.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    const CImg<T>& eigen(CImg<t>& val, CImg<t> &vec) const {
-      if (is_empty()) { val.assign(); vec.assign(); }
-      else {
-        if (_width!=_height || _depth>1 || _spectrum>1)
-          throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                      "eigen(): Instance is not a square matrix.",
-                                      cimg_instance);
-
-        if (val.size()<(unsigned long)_width) val.assign(1,_width);
-        if (vec.size()<(unsigned long)_width*_width) vec.assign(_width,_width);
-        switch (_width) {
-        case 1 : { val[0] = (t)(*this)[0]; vec[0] = (t)1; } break;
-        case 2 : {
-          const double a = (*this)[0], b = (*this)[1], c = (*this)[2], d = (*this)[3], e = a + d;
-          double f = e*e - 4*(a*d - b*c);
-          if (f<0)
-            cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                       "eigen(): Complex eigenvalues found.",
-                       cimg_instance);
-
-          f = std::sqrt(f);
-          const double l1 = 0.5*(e-f), l2 = 0.5*(e+f);
-          const double theta1 = std::atan2(l2-a,b), theta2 = std::atan2(l1-a,b);
-          val[0] = (t)l2;
-          val[1] = (t)l1;
-          vec(0,0) = (t)std::cos(theta1);
-          vec(0,1) = (t)std::sin(theta1);
-          vec(1,0) = (t)std::cos(theta2);
-          vec(1,1) = (t)std::sin(theta2);
-        } break;
-        default :
-          throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                      "eigen(): Eigenvalues computation of general matrices is limited "
-                                      "to 2x2 matrices.",
-                                      cimg_instance);
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the instance image, viewed as a matrix.
-    /**
-       \return A list of two images <tt>[val; vec]</tt>, whose meaning is similar as in eigen(CImg<t>&,CImg<t>&) const.
-    **/
-    CImgList<Tfloat> get_eigen() const {
-      CImgList<Tfloat> res(2);
-      eigen(res[0],res[1]);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the instance image, viewed as a symmetric matrix.
-    /**
-       \param[out] val Vector of the estimated eigenvalues, in decreasing order.
-       \param[out] vec Matrix of the estimated eigenvalues, sorted by columns.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    const CImg<T>& symmetric_eigen(CImg<t>& val, CImg<t>& vec) const {
-      if (is_empty()) { val.assign(); vec.assign(); }
-      else {
-#ifdef cimg_use_lapack
-        char JOB = 'V', UPLO = 'U';
-        int N = _width, LWORK = 4*N, INFO;
-        Tfloat
-          *const lapA = new Tfloat[N*N],
-          *const lapW = new Tfloat[N],
-          *const WORK = new Tfloat[LWORK];
-        cimg_forXY(*this,k,l) lapA[k*N+l] = (Tfloat)((*this)(k,l));
-        cimg::syev(JOB,UPLO,N,lapA,lapW,WORK,LWORK,INFO);
-        if (INFO)
-          cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                     "symmetric_eigen(): LAPACK library function dsyev_() returned error code %d.",
-                     cimg_instance,
-                     INFO);
-
-        val.assign(1,N);
-	vec.assign(N,N);
-        if (!INFO) {
-          cimg_forY(val,i) val(i) = (T)lapW[N-1-i];
-          cimg_forXY(vec,k,l) vec(k,l) = (T)(lapA[(N-1-k)*N+l]);
-        } else { val.fill(0); vec.fill(0); }
-        delete[] lapA; delete[] lapW; delete[] WORK;
-#else
-        if (_width!=_height || _depth>1 || _spectrum>1)
-          throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                      "eigen(): Instance is not a square matrix.",
-                                      cimg_instance);
-
-	val.assign(1,_width);
-	if (vec._data) vec.assign(_width,_width);
-        if (_width<3) {
-          eigen(val,vec);
-          if (_width==2) { vec[1] = -vec[2]; vec[3] = vec[0]; } // Force orthogonality for 2x2 matrices.
-          return *this;
-        }
-        CImg<t> V(_width,_width);
-        SVD(vec,val,V,false);
-
-	bool is_ambiguous = false;
-	float eig = 0;
-	cimg_forY(val,p) {       // check for ambiguous cases.
-	  if (val[p]>eig) eig = (float)val[p];
-          t scal = 0;
-          cimg_forY(vec,y) scal+=vec(p,y)*V(p,y);
-          if (cimg::abs(scal)<0.9f) is_ambiguous = true;
-          if (scal<0) val[p] = -val[p];
-        }
-	if (is_ambiguous) {
-	  ++(eig*=2);
-	  SVD(vec,val,V,false,40,eig);
-	  val-=eig;
-	}
-        CImg<intT> permutations;  // sort eigenvalues in decreasing order
-        CImg<t> tmp(_width);
-        val.sort(permutations,false);
-        cimg_forY(vec,k) {
-          cimg_forY(permutations,y) tmp(y) = vec(permutations(y),k);
-          std::memcpy(vec.data(0,k),tmp._data,sizeof(t)*_width);
-        }
-#endif
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the instance image, viewed as a symmetric matrix.
-    /**
-       \return A list of two images <tt>[val; vec]</tt>, whose meaning are similar as in
-         symmetric_eigen(CImg<t>&,CImg<t>&) const.
-    **/
-    CImgList<Tfloat> get_symmetric_eigen() const {
-      CImgList<Tfloat> res(2);
-      symmetric_eigen(res[0],res[1]);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Sort pixel values and get sorting permutations.
-    /**
-       \param[out] permutations Permutation map used for the sorting.
-       \param is_increasing Tells if pixel values are sorted in an increasing (\c true) or decreasing (\c false) way.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& sort(CImg<t>& permutations, const bool is_increasing=true) {
-      permutations.assign(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      cimg_foroff(permutations,off) permutations[off] = (t)off;
-      return _quicksort(0,size()-1,permutations,is_increasing,true);
-    }
-
-    //! Sort pixel values and get sorting permutations \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> get_sort(CImg<t>& permutations, const bool is_increasing=true) const {
-      return (+*this).sort(permutations,is_increasing);
-    }
-
-    //! Sort pixel values.
-    /**
-       \param is_increasing Tells if pixel values are sorted in an increasing (\c true) or decreasing (\c false) way.
-       \param axis Tells if the value sorting must be done along a specific axis. Can be:
-       - \c 0: All pixel values are sorted, independently on their initial position.
-       - \c 'x': Image columns are sorted, according to the first value in each column.
-       - \c 'y': Image rows are sorted, according to the first value in each row.
-       - \c 'z': Image slices are sorted, according to the first value in each slice.
-       - \c 'c': Image channels are sorted, according to the first value in each channel.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& sort(const bool is_increasing=true, const char axis=0) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      CImg<uintT> perm;
-      switch (cimg::uncase(axis)) {
-      case 0 :
-        _quicksort(0,size()-1,perm,is_increasing,false);
-        break;
-      case 'x' : {
-        perm.assign(_width);
-        get_crop(0,0,0,0,_width-1,0,0,0).sort(perm,is_increasing);
-        CImg<T> img(*this,false);
-        cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) (*this)(x,y,z,c) = img(perm[x],y,z,c);
-      } break;
-      case 'y' : {
-        perm.assign(_height);
-        get_crop(0,0,0,0,0,_height-1,0,0).sort(perm,is_increasing);
-        CImg<T> img(*this,false);
-        cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) (*this)(x,y,z,c) = img(x,perm[y],z,c);
-      } break;
-      case 'z' : {
-        perm.assign(_depth);
-        get_crop(0,0,0,0,0,0,_depth-1,0).sort(perm,is_increasing);
-        CImg<T> img(*this,false);
-        cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) (*this)(x,y,z,c) = img(x,y,perm[z],c);
-      } break;
-      case 'c' : {
-        perm.assign(_spectrum);
-        get_crop(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,_spectrum-1).sort(perm,is_increasing);
-        CImg<T> img(*this,false);
-        cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) (*this)(x,y,z,c) = img(x,y,z,perm[c]);
-      } break;
-      default :
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "sort(): Invalid specified axis '%c' "
-                                    "(should be { x | y | z | c }).",
-                                    cimg_instance,axis);
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Sort pixel values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_sort(const bool is_increasing=true, const char axis=0) const {
-      return (+*this).sort(is_increasing,axis);
-    }
-
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& _quicksort(const int indm, const int indM, CImg<t>& permutations,
-                        const bool is_increasing, const bool is_permutations) {
-      if (indm<indM) {
-        const int mid = (indm + indM)/2;
-        if (is_increasing) {
-          if ((*this)[indm]>(*this)[mid]) {
-            cimg::swap((*this)[indm],(*this)[mid]);
-            if (is_permutations) cimg::swap(permutations[indm],permutations[mid]);
-          }
-          if ((*this)[mid]>(*this)[indM]) {
-            cimg::swap((*this)[indM],(*this)[mid]);
-            if (is_permutations) cimg::swap(permutations[indM],permutations[mid]);
-          }
-          if ((*this)[indm]>(*this)[mid]) {
-            cimg::swap((*this)[indm],(*this)[mid]);
-            if (is_permutations) cimg::swap(permutations[indm],permutations[mid]);
-          }
-        } else {
-          if ((*this)[indm]<(*this)[mid]) {
-            cimg::swap((*this)[indm],(*this)[mid]);
-            if (is_permutations) cimg::swap(permutations[indm],permutations[mid]);
-          }
-          if ((*this)[mid]<(*this)[indM]) {
-            cimg::swap((*this)[indM],(*this)[mid]);
-            if (is_permutations) cimg::swap(permutations[indM],permutations[mid]);
-          }
-          if ((*this)[indm]<(*this)[mid]) {
-            cimg::swap((*this)[indm],(*this)[mid]);
-            if (is_permutations) cimg::swap(permutations[indm],permutations[mid]);
-          }
-        }
-        if (indM - indm>=3) {
-          const T pivot = (*this)[mid];
-          int i = indm, j = indM;
-          if (is_increasing) {
-            do {
-              while ((*this)[i]<pivot) ++i;
-              while ((*this)[j]>pivot) --j;
-              if (i<=j) {
-                if (is_permutations) cimg::swap(permutations[i],permutations[j]);
-                cimg::swap((*this)[i++],(*this)[j--]);
-              }
-            } while (i<=j);
-          } else {
-            do {
-              while ((*this)[i]>pivot) ++i;
-              while ((*this)[j]<pivot) --j;
-              if (i<=j) {
-                if (is_permutations) cimg::swap(permutations[i],permutations[j]);
-                cimg::swap((*this)[i++],(*this)[j--]);
-              }
-            } while (i<=j);
-          }
-          if (indm<j) _quicksort(indm,j,permutations,is_increasing,is_permutations);
-          if (i<indM) _quicksort(i,indM,permutations,is_increasing,is_permutations);
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the SVD of the instance image, viewed as a general matrix.
-    /**
-       Compute the SVD decomposition \c *this=U*S*V' where \c U and \c V are orthogonal matrices
-       and \c S is a diagonal matrix. \c V' denotes the matrix transpose of \c V.
-       \param[out] U First matrix of the SVD product.
-       \param[out] S Coefficients of the second (diagonal) matrix of the SVD product.
-         These coefficients are stored as a vector.
-       \param[out] V Third matrix of the SVD product.
-       \param sorting Tells if the diagonal coefficients are sorted (in decreasing order).
-       \param max_iteration Maximum number of iterations considered for the algorithm convergence.
-       \param lambda Epsilon used for the algorithm convergence.
-       \note The instance matrix can be computed from \c U,\c S and \c V by
-       \code
-       const CImg<> A;  // Input matrix (assumed to contain some values).
-       CImg<> U,S,V;
-       A.SVD(U,S,V)
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    const CImg<T>& SVD(CImg<t>& U, CImg<t>& S, CImg<t>& V, const bool sorting=true,
-                       const unsigned int max_iteration=40, const float lambda=0) const {
-      if (is_empty()) { U.assign(); S.assign(); V.assign(); }
-      else {
-        U = *this;
-	if (lambda!=0) {
-	  const unsigned int delta = cimg::min(U._width,U._height);
-	  for (unsigned int i = 0; i<delta; ++i) U(i,i) = (t)(U(i,i) + lambda);
-	}
-        if (S.size()<_width) S.assign(1,_width);
-        if (V._width<_width || V._height<_height) V.assign(_width,_width);
-        CImg<t> rv1(_width);
-        t anorm = 0, c, f, g = 0, h, s, scale = 0;
-        int l = 0, nm = 0;
-
-        cimg_forX(U,i) {
-          l = i+1; rv1[i] = scale*g; g = s = scale = 0;
-          if (i<height()) {
-            for (int k = i; k<height(); ++k) scale+= cimg::abs(U(i,k));
-            if (scale) {
-              for (int k = i; k<height(); ++k) { U(i,k)/=scale; s+= U(i,k)*U(i,k); }
-              f = U(i,i); g = (t)((f>=0?-1:1)*std::sqrt(s)); h=f*g-s; U(i,i) = f-g;
-              for (int j = l; j<width(); ++j) {
-                s = 0;
-                for (int k=i; k<height(); ++k) s+= U(i,k)*U(j,k);
-                f = s/h;
-                for (int k = i; k<height(); ++k) U(j,k)+= f*U(i,k);
-              }
-              for (int k = i; k<height(); ++k) U(i,k)*= scale;
-            }
-          }
-          S[i]=scale*g;
-
-          g = s = scale = 0;
-          if (i<height() && i!=width()-1) {
-            for (int k = l; k<width(); ++k) scale+=cimg::abs(U(k,i));
-            if (scale) {
-              for (int k = l; k<width(); ++k) { U(k,i)/= scale; s+= U(k,i)*U(k,i); }
-              f = U(l,i); g = (t)((f>=0?-1:1)*std::sqrt(s)); h = f*g-s; U(l,i) = f-g;
-              for (int k = l; k<width(); ++k) rv1[k]=U(k,i)/h;
-              for (int j = l; j<height(); ++j) {
-                s = 0;
-                for (int k = l; k<width(); ++k) s+= U(k,j)*U(k,i);
-                for (int k = l; k<width(); ++k) U(k,j)+= s*rv1[k];
-              }
-              for (int k = l; k<width(); ++k) U(k,i)*= scale;
-            }
-          }
-          anorm = (t)cimg::max((float)anorm,(float)(cimg::abs(S[i])+cimg::abs(rv1[i])));
-        }
-
-        for (int i = width()-1; i>=0; --i) {
-          if (i<width()-1) {
-            if (g) {
-              for (int j = l; j<width(); ++j) V(i,j) =(U(j,i)/U(l,i))/g;
-              for (int j = l; j<width(); ++j) {
-                s = 0;
-                for (int k = l; k<width(); ++k) s+= U(k,i)*V(j,k);
-                for (int k = l; k<width(); ++k) V(j,k)+= s*V(i,k);
-              }
-            }
-            for (int j = l; j<width(); ++j) V(j,i) = V(i,j) = (t)0.0;
-          }
-          V(i,i) = (t)1.0; g = rv1[i]; l = i;
-        }
-
-        for (int i = cimg::min(width(),height())-1; i>=0; --i) {
-          l = i+1; g = S[i];
-          for (int j = l; j<width(); ++j) U(j,i) = 0;
-          if (g) {
-            g = 1/g;
-            for (int j = l; j<width(); ++j) {
-              s = 0; for (int k = l; k<height(); ++k) s+= U(i,k)*U(j,k);
-              f = (s/U(i,i))*g;
-              for (int k = i; k<height(); ++k) U(j,k)+= f*U(i,k);
-            }
-            for (int j = i; j<height(); ++j) U(i,j)*= g;
-          } else for (int j = i; j<height(); ++j) U(i,j) = 0;
-          ++U(i,i);
-        }
-
-        for (int k = width()-1; k>=0; --k) {
-          for (unsigned int its = 0; its<max_iteration; ++its) {
-            bool flag = true;
-            for (l = k; l>=1; --l) {
-              nm = l-1;
-              if ((cimg::abs(rv1[l])+anorm)==anorm) { flag = false; break; }
-              if ((cimg::abs(S[nm])+anorm)==anorm) break;
-            }
-            if (flag) {
-              c = 0; s = 1;
-              for (int i = l; i<=k; ++i) {
-                f = s*rv1[i]; rv1[i] = c*rv1[i];
-                if ((cimg::abs(f)+anorm)==anorm) break;
-                g = S[i]; h = (t)cimg::_pythagore(f,g); S[i] = h; h = 1/h; c = g*h; s = -f*h;
-                cimg_forY(U,j) { const t y = U(nm,j), z = U(i,j); U(nm,j) = y*c + z*s; U(i,j) = z*c - y*s; }
-              }
-            }
-
-            const t z = S[k];
-            if (l==k) { if (z<0) { S[k] = -z; cimg_forX(U,j) V(k,j) = -V(k,j); } break; }
-            nm = k-1;
-            t x = S[l], y = S[nm];
-            g = rv1[nm]; h = rv1[k];
-            f = ((y-z)*(y+z)+(g-h)*(g+h))/cimg::max((t)1e-25,2*h*y);
-            g = (t)cimg::_pythagore(f,1.0);
-            f = ((x-z)*(x+z)+h*((y/(f + (f>=0?g:-g)))-h))/cimg::max((t)1e-25,x);
-            c = s = 1;
-            for (int j = l; j<=nm; ++j) {
-              const int i = j+1;
-              g = rv1[i]; h = s*g; g = c*g;
-              t y = S[i];
-              t z = (t)cimg::_pythagore(f,h);
-              rv1[j] = z; c = f/cimg::max((t)1e-25,z); s = h/cimg::max((t)1e-25,z);
-              f = x*c+g*s; g = g*c-x*s; h = y*s; y*=c;
-              cimg_forX(U,jj) { const t x = V(j,jj), z = V(i,jj); V(j,jj) = x*c + z*s; V(i,jj) = z*c - x*s; }
-              z = (t)cimg::_pythagore(f,h); S[j] = z;
-              if (z) { z = 1/cimg::max((t)1e-25,z); c = f*z; s = h*z; }
-              f = c*g+s*y; x = c*y-s*g;
-              cimg_forY(U,jj) { const t y = U(j,jj); z = U(i,jj); U(j,jj) = y*c + z*s; U(i,jj) = z*c - y*s; }
-            }
-            rv1[l] = 0; rv1[k]=f; S[k]=x;
-          }
-        }
-
-        if (sorting) {
-          CImg<intT> permutations;
-          CImg<t> tmp(_width);
-          S.sort(permutations,false);
-          cimg_forY(U,k) {
-            cimg_forY(permutations,y) tmp(y) = U(permutations(y),k);
-            std::memcpy(U.data(0,k),tmp._data,sizeof(t)*_width);
-          }
-          cimg_forY(V,k) {
-            cimg_forY(permutations,y) tmp(y) = V(permutations(y),k);
-            std::memcpy(V.data(0,k),tmp._data,sizeof(t)*_width);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the SVD of the instance image, viewed as a general matrix.
-    /**
-       \return A list of three images <tt>[U; S; V]</tt>, whose meaning is similar as in
-         SVD(CImg<t>&,CImg<t>&,CImg<t>&,bool,unsigned int,float) const.
-    **/
-    CImgList<Tfloat> get_SVD(const bool sorting=true,
-                             const unsigned int max_iteration=40, const float lambda=0) const {
-      CImgList<Tfloat> res(3);
-      SVD(res[0],res[1],res[2],sorting,max_iteration,lambda);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    // [internal] Compute the LU decomposition of a permuted matrix.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& _LU(CImg<t>& indx, bool& d) {
-      const int N = width();
-      int imax = 0;
-      CImg<Tfloat> vv(N);
-      indx.assign(N);
-      d = true;
-      cimg_forX(*this,i) {
-        Tfloat vmax = 0;
-        cimg_forX(*this,j) {
-          const Tfloat tmp = cimg::abs((*this)(j,i));
-          if (tmp>vmax) vmax = tmp;
-        }
-        if (vmax==0) { indx.fill(0); return fill(0); }
-        vv[i] = 1/vmax;
-      }
-      cimg_forX(*this,j) {
-        for (int i = 0; i<j; ++i) {
-          Tfloat sum=(*this)(j,i);
-          for (int k = 0; k<i; ++k) sum-=(*this)(k,i)*(*this)(j,k);
-          (*this)(j,i) = (T)sum;
-        }
-        Tfloat vmax = 0;
-        for (int i = j; i<width(); ++i) {
-          Tfloat sum=(*this)(j,i);
-          for (int k = 0; k<j; ++k) sum-=(*this)(k,i)*(*this)(j,k);
-          (*this)(j,i) = (T)sum;
-          const Tfloat tmp = vv[i]*cimg::abs(sum);
-          if (tmp>=vmax) { vmax=tmp; imax=i; }
-        }
-        if (j!=imax) {
-          cimg_forX(*this,k) cimg::swap((*this)(k,imax),(*this)(k,j));
-          d =!d;
-          vv[imax] = vv[j];
-        }
-        indx[j] = (t)imax;
-        if ((*this)(j,j)==0) (*this)(j,j) = (T)1e-20;
-        if (j<N) {
-          const Tfloat tmp = 1/(Tfloat)(*this)(j,j);
-          for (int i=j+1; i<N; ++i) (*this)(j,i) = (T)((*this)(j,i)*tmp);
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute minimal path in a graph, using the Dijkstra algorithm.
-    /**
-       \param distance An object having operator()(unsigned int i, unsigned int j) which returns distance
-         between two nodes (i,j).
-       \param nb_nodes Number of graph nodes.
-       \param starting_node Indice of the starting node.
-       \param ending_node Indice of the ending node (set to ~0U to ignore ending node).
-       \param previous_node Array that gives the previous node indice in the path to the starting node
-         (optional parameter).
-       \return Array of distances of each node to the starting node.
-    **/
-    template<typename tf, typename t>
-    static CImg<T> dijkstra(const tf& distance, const unsigned int nb_nodes,
-                            const unsigned int starting_node, const unsigned int ending_node,
-                            CImg<t>& previous_node) {
-      if (starting_node>=nb_nodes)
-        throw CImgArgumentException("CImg<%s>::dijkstra(): Specified indice of starting node %u is higher "
-                                    "than number of nodes %u.",
-                                    pixel_type(),starting_node,nb_nodes);
-      CImg<T> dist(1,nb_nodes,1,1,cimg::type<T>::max());
-      dist(starting_node) = 0;
-      previous_node.assign(1,nb_nodes,1,1,(t)-1);
-      previous_node(starting_node) = (t)starting_node;
-      CImg<uintT> Q(nb_nodes);
-      cimg_forX(Q,u) Q(u) = u;
-      cimg::swap(Q(starting_node),Q(0));
-      unsigned int sizeQ = nb_nodes;
-      while (sizeQ) {
-        // Update neighbors from minimal vertex
-        const unsigned int umin = Q(0);
-        if (umin==ending_node) sizeQ = 0;
-        else {
-          const T dmin = dist(umin);
-          const T infty = cimg::type<T>::max();
-          for (unsigned int q = 1; q<sizeQ; ++q) {
-            const unsigned int v = Q(q);
-            const T d = (T)distance(v,umin);
-            if (d<infty) {
-              const T alt = dmin + d;
-              if (alt<dist(v)) {
-                dist(v) = alt;
-                previous_node(v) = (t)umin;
-                const T distpos = dist(Q(q));
-                for (unsigned int pos = q, par = 0; pos && distpos<dist(Q(par=(pos+1)/2-1)); pos=par)
-                  cimg::swap(Q(pos),Q(par));
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          // Remove minimal vertex from queue
-          Q(0) = Q(--sizeQ);
-          const T distpos = dist(Q(0));
-          for (unsigned int pos = 0, left = 0, right = 0;
-               ((right=2*(pos+1),(left=right-1))<sizeQ && distpos>dist(Q(left))) ||
-                 (right<sizeQ && distpos>dist(Q(right)));) {
-            if (right<sizeQ) {
-              if (dist(Q(left))<dist(Q(right))) { cimg::swap(Q(pos),Q(left)); pos = left; }
-              else { cimg::swap(Q(pos),Q(right)); pos = right; }
-            } else { cimg::swap(Q(pos),Q(left)); pos = left; }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return dist;
-    }
-
-    //! Return minimal path in a graph, using the Dijkstra algorithm.
-    template<typename tf, typename t>
-    static CImg<T> dijkstra(const tf& distance, const unsigned int nb_nodes,
-                            const unsigned int starting_node, const unsigned int ending_node=~0U) {
-      CImg<uintT> foo;
-      return dijkstra(distance,nb_nodes,starting_node,ending_node,foo);
-    }
-
-    //! Return minimal path in a graph, using the Dijkstra algorithm.
-    /**
-       \param starting_node Indice of the starting node.
-       \param ending_node Indice of the ending node.
-       \param previous_node Array that gives the previous node indice in the path to the starting node
-         (optional parameter).
-       \return Array of distances of each node to the starting node.
-       \note image instance corresponds to the adjacency matrix of the graph.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& dijkstra(const unsigned int starting_node, const unsigned int ending_node,
-                      CImg<t>& previous_node) {
-      return get_dijkstra(starting_node,ending_node,previous_node).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Return minimal path in a graph, using the Dijkstra algorithm \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> get_dijkstra(const unsigned int starting_node, const unsigned int ending_node,
-                         CImg<t>& previous_node) const {
-      if (_width!=_height || _depth!=1 || _spectrum!=1)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "dijkstra(): Instance is not a graph adjacency matrix.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      return dijkstra(*this,_width,starting_node,ending_node,previous_node);
-    }
-
-    //! Return minimal path in a graph, using the Dijkstra algorithm.
-    CImg<T>& dijkstra(const unsigned int starting_node, const unsigned int ending_node=~0U) {
-      return get_dijkstra(starting_node,ending_node).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Return minimal path in a graph, using the Dijkstra algorithm \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_dijkstra(const unsigned int starting_node, const unsigned int ending_node=~0U) const {
-      CImg<uintT> foo;
-      return get_dijkstra(starting_node,ending_node,foo);
-    }
-
-    //! Return an image containing the ascii codes of the specified  string.
-    /**
-       \param str input C-string to encode as an image.
-       \param is_last_zero Tells if the ending \c '0' character appear in the resulting image.
-    **/
-    static CImg<T> string(const char *const str, const bool is_last_zero=true, const bool is_shared=false) {
-      if (!str) return CImg<T>();
-      return CImg<T>(str,(unsigned int)std::strlen(str)+(is_last_zero?1:0),1,1,1,is_shared);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a \c 1x1 image containing specified value.
-    /**
-       \param a0 First vector value.
-    **/
-    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0) {
-      CImg<T> r(1,1);
-      r[0] = a0;
-      return r;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a \c 1x2 image containing specified values.
-    /**
-       \param a0 First vector value.
-       \param a1 Second vector value.
-    **/
-    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1) {
-      CImg<T> r(1,2); T *ptr = r._data;
-      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1;
-      return r;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a \c 1x3 image containing specified values.
-    /**
-       \param a0 First vector value.
-       \param a1 Second vector value.
-       \param a2 Third vector value.
-    **/
-    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2) {
-      CImg<T> r(1,3); T *ptr = r._data;
-      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2;
-      return r;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a \c 1x4 image containing specified values.
-    /**
-       \param a0 First vector value.
-       \param a1 Second vector value.
-       \param a2 Third vector value.
-       \param a3 Fourth vector value.
-    **/
-    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3) {
-      CImg<T> r(1,4); T *ptr = r._data;
-      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
-      return r;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a \c 1x5 image containing specified values.
-    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3, const T& a4) {
-      CImg<T> r(1,5); T *ptr = r._data;
-      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3; *(ptr++) = a4;
-      return r;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a \c 1x6 image containing specified values.
-    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3, const T& a4, const T& a5) {
-      CImg<T> r(1,6); T *ptr = r._data;
-      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3; *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5;
-      return r;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a \c 1x7 image containing specified values.
-    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3,
-			  const T& a4, const T& a5, const T& a6) {
-      CImg<T> r(1,7); T *ptr = r._data;
-      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
-      *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6;
-      return r;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a \c 1x8 image containing specified values.
-    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3,
-			  const T& a4, const T& a5, const T& a6, const T& a7) {
-      CImg<T> r(1,8); T *ptr = r._data;
-      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
-      *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7;
-      return r;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a \c 1x9 image containing specified values.
-    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3,
-			  const T& a4, const T& a5, const T& a6, const T& a7,
-			  const T& a8) {
-      CImg<T> r(1,9); T *ptr = r._data;
-      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
-      *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7;
-      *(ptr++) = a8;
-      return r;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a \c 1x10 image containing specified values.
-    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3,
-                          const T& a4, const T& a5, const T& a6, const T& a7,
-                          const T& a8, const T& a9) {
-      CImg<T> r(1,10); T *ptr = r._data;
-      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
-      *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7;
-      *(ptr++) = a8; *(ptr++) = a9;
-      return r;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a \c 1x11 image containing specified values.
-    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3,
-                          const T& a4, const T& a5, const T& a6, const T& a7,
-                          const T& a8, const T& a9, const T& a10) {
-      CImg<T> r(1,11); T *ptr = r._data;
-      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
-      *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7;
-      *(ptr++) = a8; *(ptr++) = a9; *(ptr++) = a10;
-      return r;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a \c 1x12 image containing specified values.
-    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3,
-                          const T& a4, const T& a5, const T& a6, const T& a7,
-                          const T& a8, const T& a9, const T& a10, const T& a11) {
-      CImg<T> r(1,12); T *ptr = r._data;
-      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
-      *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7;
-      *(ptr++) = a8; *(ptr++) = a9; *(ptr++) = a10; *(ptr++) = a11;
-      return r;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a \c 1x13 image containing specified values.
-    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3,
-                          const T& a4, const T& a5, const T& a6, const T& a7,
-                          const T& a8, const T& a9, const T& a10, const T& a11,
-			  const T& a12) {
-      CImg<T> r(1,13); T *ptr = r._data;
-      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
-      *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7;
-      *(ptr++) = a8; *(ptr++) = a9; *(ptr++) = a10; *(ptr++) = a11;
-      *(ptr++) = a12;
-      return r;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a \c 1x14 image containing specified values.
-    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3,
-                          const T& a4, const T& a5, const T& a6, const T& a7,
-                          const T& a8, const T& a9, const T& a10, const T& a11,
-			  const T& a12, const T& a13) {
-      CImg<T> r(1,14); T *ptr = r._data;
-      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
-      *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7;
-      *(ptr++) = a8; *(ptr++) = a9; *(ptr++) = a10; *(ptr++) = a11;
-      *(ptr++) = a12; *(ptr++) = a13;
-      return r;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a \c 1x15 image containing specified values.
-    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3,
-                          const T& a4, const T& a5, const T& a6, const T& a7,
-                          const T& a8, const T& a9, const T& a10, const T& a11,
-			  const T& a12, const T& a13, const T& a14) {
-      CImg<T> r(1,15); T *ptr = r._data;
-      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
-      *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7;
-      *(ptr++) = a8; *(ptr++) = a9; *(ptr++) = a10; *(ptr++) = a11;
-      *(ptr++) = a12; *(ptr++) = a13; *(ptr++) = a14;
-      return r;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a \c 1x16 image containing specified values.
-    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3,
-                          const T& a4, const T& a5, const T& a6, const T& a7,
-                          const T& a8, const T& a9, const T& a10, const T& a11,
-			  const T& a12, const T& a13, const T& a14, const T& a15) {
-      CImg<T> r(1,16); T *ptr = r._data;
-      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
-      *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7;
-      *(ptr++) = a8; *(ptr++) = a9; *(ptr++) = a10; *(ptr++) = a11;
-      *(ptr++) = a12; *(ptr++) = a13; *(ptr++) = a14; *(ptr++) = a15;
-      return r;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a 1x1 matrix containing specified coefficients.
-    /**
-       \param a0 First matrix value.
-       \note Equivalent to vector(const T&).
-    **/
-    static CImg<T> matrix(const T& a0) {
-      return vector(a0);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a 2x2 matrix containing specified coefficients.
-    /**
-       \param a0 First matrix value.
-       \param a1 Second matrix value.
-       \param a2 Third matrix value.
-       \param a3 Fourth matrix value.
-    **/
-    static CImg<T> matrix(const T& a0, const T& a1,
-			  const T& a2, const T& a3) {
-      CImg<T> r(2,2); T *ptr = r._data;
-      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1;
-      *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
-      return r;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a 3x3 matrix containing specified coefficients.
-    /**
-       \param a0 First matrix value.
-       \param a1 Second matrix value.
-       \param a2 Third matrix value.
-       \param a3 Fourth matrix value.
-       \param a4 Fifth matrix value.
-       \param a5 Sixth matrix value.
-       \param a6 Seventh matrix value.
-       \param a7 Eighth matrix value.
-       \param a8 Nineth matrix value.
-    **/
-    static CImg<T> matrix(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2,
-			  const T& a3, const T& a4, const T& a5,
-			  const T& a6, const T& a7, const T& a8) {
-      CImg<T> r(3,3); T *ptr = r._data;
-      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2;
-      *(ptr++) = a3; *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5;
-      *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7; *(ptr++) = a8;
-      return r;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a 4x4 matrix containing specified coefficients.
-    static CImg<T> matrix(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3,
-			  const T& a4, const T& a5, const T& a6, const T& a7,
-			  const T& a8, const T& a9, const T& a10, const T& a11,
-			  const T& a12, const T& a13, const T& a14, const T& a15) {
-      CImg<T> r(4,4); T *ptr = r._data;
-      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
-      *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7;
-      *(ptr++) = a8; *(ptr++) = a9; *(ptr++) = a10; *(ptr++) = a11;
-      *(ptr++) = a12; *(ptr++) = a13; *(ptr++) = a14; *(ptr++) = a15;
-      return r;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a 5x5 matrix containing specified coefficients.
-    static CImg<T> matrix(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3, const T& a4,
-                          const T& a5, const T& a6, const T& a7, const T& a8, const T& a9,
-                          const T& a10, const T& a11, const T& a12, const T& a13, const T& a14,
-                          const T& a15, const T& a16, const T& a17, const T& a18, const T& a19,
-                          const T& a20, const T& a21, const T& a22, const T& a23, const T& a24) {
-      CImg<T> r(5,5); T *ptr = r._data;
-      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3; *(ptr++) = a4;
-      *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7; *(ptr++) = a8; *(ptr++) = a9;
-      *(ptr++) = a10; *(ptr++) = a11; *(ptr++) = a12; *(ptr++) = a13; *(ptr++) = a14;
-      *(ptr++) = a15; *(ptr++) = a16; *(ptr++) = a17; *(ptr++) = a18; *(ptr++) = a19;
-      *(ptr++) = a20; *(ptr++) = a21; *(ptr++) = a22; *(ptr++) = a23; *(ptr++) = a24;
-      return r;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a 1x1 symmetric matrix containing specified coefficients.
-    /**
-       \param a0 First matrix value.
-       \note Equivalent to vector(const T&).
-    **/
-    static CImg<T> tensor(const T& a0) {
-      return matrix(a0);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a 2x2 symmetric matrix tensor containing specified coefficients.
-    static CImg<T> tensor(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2) {
-      return matrix(a0,a1,a1,a2);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a 3x3 symmetric matrix containing specified coefficients.
-    static CImg<T> tensor(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3, const T& a4, const T& a5) {
-      return matrix(a0,a1,a2,a1,a3,a4,a2,a4,a5);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a 1x1 diagonal matrix containing specified coefficients.
-    static CImg<T> diagonal(const T& a0) {
-      return matrix(a0);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a 2x2 diagonal matrix containing specified coefficients.
-    static CImg<T> diagonal(const T& a0, const T& a1) {
-      return matrix(a0,0,0,a1);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a 3x3 diagonal matrix containing specified coefficients.
-    static CImg<T> diagonal(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2) {
-      return matrix(a0,0,0,0,a1,0,0,0,a2);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a 4x4 diagonal matrix containing specified coefficients.
-    static CImg<T> diagonal(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3) {
-      return matrix(a0,0,0,0,0,a1,0,0,0,0,a2,0,0,0,0,a3);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a 5x5 diagonal matrix containing specified coefficients.
-    static CImg<T> diagonal(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3, const T& a4) {
-      return matrix(a0,0,0,0,0,0,a1,0,0,0,0,0,a2,0,0,0,0,0,a3,0,0,0,0,0,a4);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a NxN identity matrix.
-    /**
-       \param N Dimension of the matrix.
-    **/
-    static CImg<T> identity_matrix(const unsigned int N) {
-      CImg<T> res(N,N,1,1,0);
-      cimg_forX(res,x) res(x,x) = 1;
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a N-numbered sequence vector from \p a0 to \p a1.
-    /**
-       \param N Size of the resulting vector.
-       \param a0 Starting value of the sequence.
-       \param a1 Ending value of the sequence.
-     **/
-    static CImg<T> sequence(const unsigned int N, const T a0, const T a1) {
-      if (N) return CImg<T>(1,N).sequence(a0,a1);
-      return CImg<T>();
-    }
-
-    //! Return a 3x3 rotation matrix along the (x,y,z)-axis with an angle w.
-    /**
-       \param x X-coordinate of the rotation axis, or first quaternion coordinate.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the rotation axis, or second quaternion coordinate.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the rotation axis, or third quaternion coordinate.
-       \param w Angle of the rotation axis, or fourth quaternion coordinate.
-       \param is_quaternion Tell is the four arguments denotes a set { axis + angle } or a quaternion.
-     **/
-    static CImg<T> rotation_matrix(const float x, const float y, const float z, const float w,
-                                   const bool is_quaternion=false) {
-      float X,Y,Z,W;
-      if (!is_quaternion) {
-        const float norm = (float)std::sqrt(x*x + y*y + z*z),
-          nx = norm>0?x/norm:0,
-          ny = norm>0?y/norm:0,
-          nz = norm>0?z/norm:1,
-          nw = norm>0?w:0,
-          sina = (float)std::sin(nw/2),
-          cosa = (float)std::cos(nw/2);
-        X = nx*sina;
-        Y = ny*sina;
-        Z = nz*sina;
-        W = cosa;
-      } else {
-        const float norm = (float)std::sqrt(x*x + y*y + z*z + w*w);
-        if (norm>0) { X = x/norm; Y = y/norm; Z = z/norm; W = w/norm; }
-        else { X = Y = Z = 0; W = 1; }
-      }
-      const float xx = X*X, xy = X*Y, xz = X*Z, xw = X*W, yy = Y*Y, yz = Y*Z, yw = Y*W, zz = Z*Z, zw = Z*W;
-      return CImg<T>::matrix((T)(1-2*(yy+zz)), (T)(2*(xy+zw)),   (T)(2*(xz-yw)),
-			     (T)(2*(xy-zw)),   (T)(1-2*(xx+zz)), (T)(2*(yz+xw)),
-			     (T)(2*(xz+yw)),   (T)(2*(yz-xw)),   (T)(1-2*(xx+yy)));
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //-----------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Value Manipulation
-    //@{
-    //-----------------------------------
-
-    //! Fill all pixel values with specified value.
-    /**
-       \param val Fill value.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& fill(const T val) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (val && sizeof(T)!=1) cimg_for(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = val;
-      else std::memset(_data,(int)val,sizeof(T)*size());
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill all pixel values with specified value \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val) const {
-      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val);
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values.
-    /**
-       \param val0 First fill value.
-       \param val1 Second fill value.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-1;
-      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) { *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; }
-      if (ptrd!=ptre+1) *(ptrd++) = val0;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1) const {
-      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1);
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-2;
-      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) { *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; }
-      ptre+=2;
-      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
-      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
-      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2) const {
-      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2);
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-3;
-      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) { *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3; }
-      ptre+=3;
-      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
-      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
-      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
-      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3) const {
-      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3);
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-4;
-      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
-        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3; *(ptrd++) = val4;
-      }
-      ptre+=4;
-      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
-      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
-      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
-      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
-      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4) const {
-      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4);
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-5;
-      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
-        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3; *(ptrd++) = val4; *(ptrd++) = val5;
-      }
-      ptre+=5;
-      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
-      case 5 : *(--ptre) = val4;
-      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
-      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
-      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
-      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5) const {
-      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5);
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-6;
-      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
-        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3; *(ptrd++) = val4; *(ptrd++) = val5;
-        *(ptrd++) = val6;
-      }
-      ptre+=6;
-      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
-      case 6 : *(--ptre) = val5;
-      case 5 : *(--ptre) = val4;
-      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
-      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
-      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
-      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5,
-                     const T val6) const {
-      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5,val6);
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5,
-                  const T val6, const T val7) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-7;
-      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
-        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3;
-        *(ptrd++) = val4; *(ptrd++) = val5; *(ptrd++) = val6; *(ptrd++) = val7;
-      }
-      ptre+=7;
-      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
-      case 7 : *(--ptre) = val6;
-      case 6 : *(--ptre) = val5;
-      case 5 : *(--ptre) = val4;
-      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
-      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
-      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
-      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
-                     const T val7) const {
-      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5,val6,val7);
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
-                  const T val7, const T val8) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-8;
-      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
-        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2;
-        *(ptrd++) = val3; *(ptrd++) = val4; *(ptrd++) = val5;
-        *(ptrd++) = val6; *(ptrd++) = val7; *(ptrd++) = val8;
-      }
-      ptre+=8;
-      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
-      case 8 : *(--ptre) = val7;
-      case 7 : *(--ptre) = val6;
-      case 6 : *(--ptre) = val5;
-      case 5 : *(--ptre) = val4;
-      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
-      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
-      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
-      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
-                     const T val7, const T val8) const {
-      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5,val6,val7,val8);
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
-                  const T val7, const T val8, const T val9) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-9;
-      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
-        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3; *(ptrd++) = val4;
-        *(ptrd++) = val5; *(ptrd++) = val6; *(ptrd++) = val7; *(ptrd++) = val8; *(ptrd++) = val9;
-      }
-      ptre+=9;
-      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
-      case 9 : *(--ptre) = val8;
-      case 8 : *(--ptre) = val7;
-      case 7 : *(--ptre) = val6;
-      case 6 : *(--ptre) = val5;
-      case 5 : *(--ptre) = val4;
-      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
-      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
-      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
-      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
-                     const T val7, const T val8, const T val9) const {
-      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5,val6,val7,val8,val9);
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
-                  const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-10;
-      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
-        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3; *(ptrd++) = val4;
-        *(ptrd++) = val5; *(ptrd++) = val6; *(ptrd++) = val7; *(ptrd++) = val8; *(ptrd++) = val9;
-        *(ptrd++) = val10;
-      }
-      ptre+=10;
-      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
-      case 10 : *(--ptre) = val9;
-      case 9 : *(--ptre) = val8;
-      case 8 : *(--ptre) = val7;
-      case 7 : *(--ptre) = val6;
-      case 6 : *(--ptre) = val5;
-      case 5 : *(--ptre) = val4;
-      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
-      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
-      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
-      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
-                     const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10) const {
-      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5,val6,val7,val8,val9,val10);
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
-                  const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10, const T val11) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-11;
-      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
-        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3; *(ptrd++) = val4; *(ptrd++) = val5;
-        *(ptrd++) = val6; *(ptrd++) = val7; *(ptrd++) = val8; *(ptrd++) = val9; *(ptrd++) = val10; *(ptrd++) = val11;
-      }
-      ptre+=11;
-      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
-      case 11 : *(--ptre) = val10;
-      case 10 : *(--ptre) = val9;
-      case 9 : *(--ptre) = val8;
-      case 8 : *(--ptre) = val7;
-      case 7 : *(--ptre) = val6;
-      case 6 : *(--ptre) = val5;
-      case 5 : *(--ptre) = val4;
-      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
-      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
-      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
-      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
-                     const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10, const T val11) const {
-      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5,val6,val7,val8,val9,val10,
-                                                           val11);
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
-                  const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10, const T val11, const T val12) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-12;
-      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
-        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3; *(ptrd++) = val4; *(ptrd++) = val5;
-        *(ptrd++) = val6; *(ptrd++) = val7; *(ptrd++) = val8; *(ptrd++) = val9; *(ptrd++) = val10; *(ptrd++) = val11;
-        *(ptrd++) = val12;
-      }
-      ptre+=12;
-      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
-      case 12 : *(--ptre) = val11;
-      case 11 : *(--ptre) = val10;
-      case 10 : *(--ptre) = val9;
-      case 9 : *(--ptre) = val8;
-      case 8 : *(--ptre) = val7;
-      case 7 : *(--ptre) = val6;
-      case 6 : *(--ptre) = val5;
-      case 5 : *(--ptre) = val4;
-      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
-      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
-      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
-      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
-                     const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10, const T val11, const T val12) const {
-      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5,val6,val7,val8,val9,val10,
-                                                           val11,val12);
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
-                  const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10, const T val11, const T val12,
-                  const T val13) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-13;
-      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
-        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3; *(ptrd++) = val4; *(ptrd++) = val5;
-        *(ptrd++) = val6; *(ptrd++) = val7; *(ptrd++) = val8; *(ptrd++) = val9; *(ptrd++) = val10; *(ptrd++) = val11;
-        *(ptrd++) = val12; *(ptrd++) = val13;
-      }
-      ptre+=13;
-      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
-      case 13 : *(--ptre) = val12;
-      case 12 : *(--ptre) = val11;
-      case 11 : *(--ptre) = val10;
-      case 10 : *(--ptre) = val9;
-      case 9 : *(--ptre) = val8;
-      case 8 : *(--ptre) = val7;
-      case 7 : *(--ptre) = val6;
-      case 6 : *(--ptre) = val5;
-      case 5 : *(--ptre) = val4;
-      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
-      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
-      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
-      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
-                     const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10, const T val11, const T val12,
-                     const T val13) const {
-      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5,val6,val7,val8,val9,val10,
-                                                           val11,val12,val13);
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
-                  const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10, const T val11, const T val12,
-                  const T val13, const T val14) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-14;
-      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
-        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3; *(ptrd++) = val4; *(ptrd++) = val5;
-        *(ptrd++) = val6; *(ptrd++) = val7; *(ptrd++) = val8; *(ptrd++) = val9; *(ptrd++) = val10; *(ptrd++) = val11;
-        *(ptrd++) = val12; *(ptrd++) = val13; *(ptrd++) = val14;
-      }
-      ptre+=14;
-      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
-      case 14 : *(--ptre) = val13;
-      case 13 : *(--ptre) = val12;
-      case 12 : *(--ptre) = val11;
-      case 11 : *(--ptre) = val10;
-      case 10 : *(--ptre) = val9;
-      case 9 : *(--ptre) = val8;
-      case 8 : *(--ptre) = val7;
-      case 7 : *(--ptre) = val6;
-      case 6 : *(--ptre) = val5;
-      case 5 : *(--ptre) = val4;
-      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
-      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
-      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
-      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
-                     const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10, const T val11, const T val12,
-                     const T val13, const T val14) const {
-      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5,val6,val7,val8,val9,val10,
-                                                           val11,val12,val13,val14);
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
-                  const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10, const T val11, const T val12,
-                  const T val13, const T val14, const T val15) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-15;
-      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
-        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3; *(ptrd++) = val4; *(ptrd++) = val5;
-        *(ptrd++) = val6; *(ptrd++) = val7; *(ptrd++) = val8; *(ptrd++) = val9; *(ptrd++) = val10; *(ptrd++) = val11;
-        *(ptrd++) = val12; *(ptrd++) = val13; *(ptrd++) = val14; *(ptrd++) = val15;
-      }
-      ptre+=15;
-      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
-      case 15 : *(--ptre) = val14;
-      case 14 : *(--ptre) = val13;
-      case 13 : *(--ptre) = val12;
-      case 12 : *(--ptre) = val11;
-      case 11 : *(--ptre) = val10;
-      case 10 : *(--ptre) = val9;
-      case 9 : *(--ptre) = val8;
-      case 8 : *(--ptre) = val7;
-      case 7 : *(--ptre) = val6;
-      case 6 : *(--ptre) = val5;
-      case 5 : *(--ptre) = val4;
-      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
-      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
-      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
-      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
-                     const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10, const T val11, const T val12,
-                     const T val13, const T val14, const T val15) const {
-      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5,val6,val7,val8,val9,val10,
-                                                           val11,val12,val13,val14,val15);
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially pixel values according to a given expression.
-    /**
-       \param expression C-string describing a math formula, or a list of values.
-       \param repeat_flag In case a list of values is provided, tells if this list must be repeated for the filling.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& fill(const char *const expression, const bool repeat_flag) {
-      if (is_empty() || !expression || !*expression) return *this;
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      try { // Try to fill values according to a formula.
-        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
-        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"fill");
-        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
-        if (*expression=='<') cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) *(ptrd--) = (T)mp(x,y,z,c);
-        else if (*expression=='>') cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) *(ptrd++) = (T)mp(x,y,z,c);
-        else {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
-#pragma omp parallel
-            {
-              _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
-#pragma omp for collapse(3)
-              cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-                T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(*this,x) *ptrd++ = (T)lmp(x,y,z,c);
-              }
-            }
-          else
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) *(ptrd++) = (T)mp(x,y,z,c);
-        }
-      } catch (CImgException& e) { // If failed, try to recognize a list of values.
-        char item[16384] = { 0 }, sep = 0;
-        const char *nexpression = expression;
-        unsigned long nb = 0;
-        const unsigned long siz = size();
-        T *ptrd = _data;
-        for (double val = 0; *nexpression && nb<siz; ++nb) {
-          sep = 0;
-          const int err = std::sscanf(nexpression,"%4095[ \n\t0-9.e+-]%c",item,&sep);
-          if (err>0 && std::sscanf(item,"%lf",&val)==1) {
-            nexpression+=std::strlen(item) + (err>1?1:0);
-            *(ptrd++) = (T)val;
-          } else break;
-        }
-        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-        if (nb<siz && (sep || *nexpression))
-          throw CImgArgumentException(e.what(),pixel_type(),expression);
-        if (repeat_flag && nb && nb<siz)
-          for (T *ptrs = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrs) *(ptrd++) = *ptrs;
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially pixel values according to a given expression \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_fill(const char *const values, const bool repeat_values) const {
-      return (+*this).fill(values,repeat_values);
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially pixel values according to the values found in another image.
-    /**
-       \param values Image containing the values used for the filling.
-       \param repeat_values In case there are less values than necessary in \c values, tells if these values must be
-         repeated for the filling.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& fill(const CImg<t>& values, const bool repeat_values=true) {
-      if (is_empty() || !values) return *this;
-      T *ptrd = _data, *ptre = ptrd + size();
-      for (t *ptrs = values._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + values.size(); ptrs<ptrs_end && ptrd<ptre; ++ptrs)
-        *(ptrd++) = (T)*ptrs;
-      if (repeat_values && ptrd<ptre) for (T *ptrs = _data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrs) *(ptrd++) = *ptrs;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill sequentially pixel values according to the values found in another image \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> get_fill(const CImg<t>& values, const bool repeat_values=true) const {
-      return repeat_values?CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(values,repeat_values):
-        (+*this).fill(values,repeat_values);
-    }
-
-    //! Fill pixel values along the X-axis at a specified pixel position.
-    /**
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the filled column.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the filled column.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the filled column.
-       \param a0 First fill value.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& fillX(const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int c, const int a0, ...) {
-#define _cimg_fill1(x,y,z,c,off,siz,t) { \
-    va_list ap; va_start(ap,a0); T *ptrd = data(x,y,z,c); *ptrd = (T)a0; \
-    for (unsigned long k = 1; k<siz; ++k) { ptrd+=off; *ptrd = (T)va_arg(ap,t); } \
-    va_end(ap); }
-      if (y<_height && z<_depth && c<_spectrum) _cimg_fill1(0,y,z,c,1,_width,int);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill pixel values along the X-axis at a specified pixel position \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& fillX(const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int c, const double a0, ...) {
-      if (y<_height && z<_depth && c<_spectrum) _cimg_fill1(0,y,z,c,1,_width,double);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill pixel values along the Y-axis at a specified pixel position.
-    /**
-       \param x X-coordinate of the filled row.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the filled row.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the filled row.
-       \param a0 First fill value.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& fillY(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int c, const int a0, ...) {
-      if (x<_width && z<_depth && c<_spectrum) _cimg_fill1(x,0,z,c,_width,_height,int);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill pixel values along the Y-axis at a specified pixel position \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& fillY(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int c, const double a0, ...) {
-      if (x<_width && z<_depth && c<_spectrum) _cimg_fill1(x,0,z,c,_width,_height,double);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill pixel values along the Z-axis at a specified pixel position.
-    /**
-       \param x X-coordinate of the filled slice.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the filled slice.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the filled slice.
-       \param a0 First fill value.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& fillZ(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int c, const int a0, ...) {
-      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height;
-      if (x<_width && y<_height && c<_spectrum) _cimg_fill1(x,y,0,c,wh,_depth,int);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill pixel values along the Z-axis at a specified pixel position \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& fillZ(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int c, const double a0, ...) {
-      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height;
-      if (x<_width && y<_height && c<_spectrum) _cimg_fill1(x,y,0,c,wh,_depth,double);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill pixel values along the C-axis at a specified pixel position.
-    /**
-       \param x X-coordinate of the filled channel.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the filled channel.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the filled channel.
-       \param a0 First filling value.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& fillC(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const int a0, ...) {
-      const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-      if (x<_width && y<_height && z<_depth) _cimg_fill1(x,y,z,0,whd,_spectrum,int);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill pixel values along the C-axis at a specified pixel position \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& fillC(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const double a0, ...) {
-      const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-      if (x<_width && y<_height && z<_depth) _cimg_fill1(x,y,z,0,whd,_spectrum,double);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Discard specified value in the image buffer.
-    /**
-       \param value Value to discard.
-       \note Discarded values will change the image geometry, so the resulting image
-       is returned as a one-column vector.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& discard(const T value) {
-      return get_discard(value).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Discard specified value in the image buffer \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_discard(const T value) const {
-      CImg<T> res(1,size());
-      T *pd = res._data;
-      for (const T *ps = _data, *const pse = end(); ps<pse; ++ps)
-        if (*ps!=value) *(pd++) = *ps;
-      if (pd==res._data) return CImg<T>();
-      return res.resize(1,pd-res._data,1,1,-1);
-    }
-
-    //! Discard specified sequence of values in the image buffer.
-    /**
-       \param values Sequence of values to discard.
-       \note Discarded values will change the image geometry, so the resulting image
-       is returned as a one-column vector.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& discard(const CImg<t>& values) {
-      return get_discard(values).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Discard specified sequence of values in the image buffer \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> get_discard(const CImg<t>& values) const {
-      if (!values) return *this;
-      if (values.size()==1) return get_discard(*values);
-      CImg<T> res(1,size());
-      T *pd = res._data;
-      const t *const pve = values.end();
-      for (const T *ps = _data, *const pse = end(); ps<pse; ) {
-        const T *_ps = ps;
-        const t *pv = values._data;
-        while (_ps<pse && pv<pve) { if (*(_ps++)!=(T)*pv) break; ++pv; }
-        if (pv!=pve) {
-          const unsigned int l = _ps - ps;
-          if (l==1) *(pd++) = *ps; else { std::memcpy(pd,ps,sizeof(T)*l); pd+=l; }
-        }
-        ps = _ps;
-      }
-      if (pd==res._data) return CImg<T>();
-      return res.resize(1,pd-res._data,1,1,-1);
-    }
-
-    //! Invert endianness of all pixel values.
-    /**
-     **/
-    CImg<T>& invert_endianness() {
-      cimg::invert_endianness(_data,size());
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Invert endianness of all pixel values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_invert_endianness() const {
-      return (+*this).invert_endianness();
-    }
-
-    //! Fill image with random values in specified range.
-    /**
-       \param val_min Minimal random value.
-       \param val_max Maximal random value.
-       \note Random samples are following a uniform distribution.
-     **/
-    CImg<T>& rand(const T val_min, const T val_max) {
-      const float delta = (float)val_max - (float)val_min;
-      cimg_for(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)(val_min + cimg::rand()*delta);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Fill image with random values in specified range \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_rand(const T val_min, const T val_max) const {
-      return (+*this).rand(val_min,val_max);
-    }
-
-    //! Round pixel values.
-    /**
-       \param y Rounding precision.
-       \param rounding_type Rounding type. Can be:
-       - \c -1: Backward.
-       - \c 0: Nearest.
-       - \c 1: Forward.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& round(const double y=1, const int rounding_type=0) {
-      if (y>0)
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=8192)
-#endif
-        cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = cimg::round(*ptrd,y,rounding_type);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Round pixel values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_round(const double y=1, const unsigned int rounding_type=0) const {
-      return (+*this).round(y,rounding_type);
-    }
-
-    //! Add random noise to pixel values.
-    /**
-       \param sigma Amplitude of the random additive noise. If \p sigma<0, it stands for a percentage of the
-         global value range.
-       \param noise_type Type of additive noise (can be \p 0=gaussian, \p 1=uniform, \p 2=Salt and Pepper,
-         \p 3=Poisson or \p 4=Rician).
-       \return A reference to the modified image instance.
-       \note
-       - For Poisson noise (\p noise_type=3), parameter \p sigma is ignored, as Poisson noise only depends on
-         the image value itself.
-       - Function \p CImg<T>::get_noise() is also defined. It returns a non-shared modified copy of the image instance.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg"), res = img.get_noise(40);
-       (img,res.normalize(0,255)).display();
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_noise.jpg
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& noise(const double sigma, const unsigned int noise_type=0) {
-      if (!is_empty()) {
-        const Tfloat vmin = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::min(), vmax = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::max();
-        Tfloat nsigma = (Tfloat)sigma, m = 0, M = 0;
-        if (nsigma==0 && noise_type!=3) return *this;
-        if (nsigma<0 || noise_type==2) m = (Tfloat)min_max(M);
-        if (nsigma<0) nsigma = (Tfloat)(-nsigma*(M-m)/100.0);
-        switch (noise_type) {
-        case 0 : { // Gaussian noise
-          cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) {
-            Tfloat val = (Tfloat)(*ptrd + nsigma*cimg::grand());
-            if (val>vmax) val = vmax;
-            if (val<vmin) val = vmin;
-            *ptrd = (T)val;
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 1 : { // Uniform noise
-          cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) {
-            Tfloat val = (Tfloat)(*ptrd + nsigma*cimg::crand());
-            if (val>vmax) val = vmax;
-            if (val<vmin) val = vmin;
-            *ptrd = (T)val;
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 2 : { // Salt & Pepper noise
-          if (nsigma<0) nsigma = -nsigma;
-          if (M==m) { m = 0; M = (Tfloat)(cimg::type<T>::is_float()?1:cimg::type<T>::max()); }
-          cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) if (cimg::rand()*100<nsigma) *ptrd = (T)(cimg::rand()<0.5?M:m);
-        } break;
-
-        case 3 : { // Poisson Noise
-          cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)cimg::prand(*ptrd);
-        } break;
-
-        case 4 : { // Rice noise
-          const Tfloat sqrt2 = (Tfloat)std::sqrt(2.0);
-          cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) {
-            const Tfloat
-              val0 = (Tfloat)*ptrd/sqrt2,
-              re = (Tfloat)(val0 + nsigma*cimg::grand()),
-              im = (Tfloat)(val0 + nsigma*cimg::grand());
-            Tfloat val = (Tfloat)std::sqrt(re*re + im*im);
-            if (val>vmax) val = vmax;
-            if (val<vmin) val = vmin;
-            *ptrd = (T)val;
-          }
-        } break;
-        default :
-          throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                      "noise(): Invalid specified noise type %d "
-                                      "(should be { 0=gaussian | 1=uniform | 2=salt&Pepper | 3=poisson }).",
-                                      cimg_instance,
-                                      noise_type);
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Add random noise to pixel values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_noise(const double sigma, const unsigned int noise_type=0) const {
-      return (+*this).noise(sigma,noise_type);
-    }
-
-    //! Linearly normalize pixel values.
-    /**
-       \param min_value Minimum desired value of the resulting image.
-       \param max_value Maximum desired value of the resulting image.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg"), res = img.get_normalize(160,220);
-       (img,res).display();
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_normalize2.jpg
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& normalize(const T min_value, const T max_value) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const T a = min_value<max_value?min_value:max_value, b = min_value<max_value?max_value:min_value;
-      T m, M = max_min(m);
-      const Tfloat fm = (Tfloat)m, fM = (Tfloat)M;
-      if (m==M) return fill(min_value);
-      if (m!=a || M!=b)
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=65536)
-#endif
-        cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)((*ptrd-fm)/(fM-fm)*(b-a)+a);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Linearly normalize pixel values \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_normalize(const T min_value, const T max_value) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).normalize((Tfloat)min_value,(Tfloat)max_value);
-    }
-
-    //! Normalize multi-valued pixels of the image instance, with respect to their L2-norm.
-    /**
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg"), res = img.get_normalize();
-       (img,res.normalize(0,255)).display();
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_normalize.jpg
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& normalize() {
-      const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth>=16)
-#endif
-      cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
-        T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,0);
-        cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-          const T *ptrs = ptrd;
-          float n = 0;
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) { n+=cimg::sqr((float)*ptrs); ptrs+=whd; }
-          n = (float)std::sqrt(n);
-          T *_ptrd = ptrd++;
-          if (n>0) cimg_forC(*this,c) { *_ptrd = (T)(*_ptrd/n); _ptrd+=whd; }
-          else cimg_forC(*this,c) { *_ptrd = (T)0; _ptrd+=whd; }
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Normalize multi-valued pixels of the image instance, with respect to their L2-norm \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_normalize() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).normalize();
-    }
-
-    //! Compute L2-norm of each multi-valued pixel of the image instance.
-    /**
-       \param norm_type Type of computed vector norm (can be \p 0=Linf, \p 1=L1 or \p 2=L2).
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg"), res = img.get_norm();
-       (img,res.normalize(0,255)).display();
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_norm.jpg
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& norm(const int norm_type=2) {
-      if (_spectrum==1) return abs();
-      return get_norm(norm_type).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute L2-norm of each multi-valued pixel of the image instance \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_norm(const int norm_type=2) const {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (_spectrum==1) return get_abs();
-      const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-      CImg<Tfloat> res(_width,_height,_depth);
-      switch (norm_type) {
-      case -1 : {             // Linf norm
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth>=16)
-#endif
-        cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
-          const unsigned long off = offset(0,y,z);
-          const T *ptrs = _data + off;
-          Tfloat *ptrd = res._data + off;
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            Tfloat n = 0;
-            const T *_ptrs = ptrs++;
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) { const Tfloat val = (Tfloat)cimg::abs(*_ptrs); if (val>n) n = val; _ptrs+=whd; }
-            *(ptrd++) = n;
-          }
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 1 : {              // L1 norm
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth>=16)
-#endif
-        cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
-          const unsigned long off = offset(0,y,z);
-          const T *ptrs = _data + off;
-          Tfloat *ptrd = res._data + off;
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            Tfloat n = 0;
-            const T *_ptrs = ptrs++;
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) { n+=cimg::abs(*_ptrs); _ptrs+=whd; }
-            *(ptrd++) = n;
-          }
-        }
-      } break;
-      default : {             // L2 norm
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth>=16)
-#endif
-        cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
-          const unsigned long off = offset(0,y,z);
-          const T *ptrs = _data + off;
-          Tfloat *ptrd = res._data + off;
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            Tfloat n = 0;
-            const T *_ptrs = ptrs++;
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) { n+=cimg::sqr((Tfloat)*_ptrs); _ptrs+=whd; }
-            *(ptrd++) = (Tfloat)std::sqrt((Tfloat)n);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Cut pixel values in specified range.
-    /**
-       \param min_value Minimum desired value of the resulting image.
-       \param max_value Maximum desired value of the resulting image.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg"), res = img.get_cut(160,220);
-       (img,res).display();
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_cut.jpg
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& cut(const T min_value, const T max_value) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const T a = min_value<max_value?min_value:max_value, b = min_value<max_value?max_value:min_value;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (*ptrd<a)?a:((*ptrd>b)?b:*ptrd);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Cut pixel values in specified range \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_cut(const T min_value, const T max_value) const {
-      return (+*this).cut(min_value,max_value);
-    }
-
-    //! Uniformly quantize pixel values.
-    /**
-       \param nb_levels Number of quantization levels.
-       \param keep_range Tells if resulting values keep the same range as the original ones.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg"), res = img.get_quantize(4);
-       (img,res).display();
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_quantize.jpg
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& quantize(const unsigned int nb_levels, const bool keep_range=true) {
-      if (!nb_levels)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "quantize(): Invalid quantization request with 0 values.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      Tfloat m, M = (Tfloat)max_min(m), range = M - m;
-      if (range>0) {
-        if (keep_range)
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
-#endif
-          cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) {
-            const unsigned int val = (unsigned int)((*ptrd-m)*nb_levels/range);
-            *ptrd = (T)(m + cimg::min(val,nb_levels-1)*range/nb_levels);
-          } else
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
-#endif
-          cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) {
-            const unsigned int val = (unsigned int)((*ptrd-m)*nb_levels/range);
-            *ptrd = (T)cimg::min(val,nb_levels-1);
-          }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Uniformly quantize pixel values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_quantize(const unsigned int n, const bool keep_range=true) const {
-      return (+*this).quantize(n,keep_range);
-    }
-
-    //! Threshold pixel values.
-    /**
-       \param value Threshold value
-       \param soft_threshold Tells if soft thresholding must be applied (instead of hard one).
-       \param strict_threshold Tells if threshold value is strict.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg"), res = img.get_threshold(128);
-       (img,res.normalize(0,255)).display();
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_threshold.jpg
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& threshold(const T value, const bool soft_threshold=false, const bool strict_threshold=false) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (strict_threshold) {
-        if (soft_threshold)
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
-#endif
-          cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) { const T v = *ptrd; *ptrd = v>value?(T)(v-value):v<-(float)value?(T)(v+value):(T)0; }
-        else
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=65536)
-#endif
-          cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = *ptrd>value?(T)1:(T)0;
-      } else {
-        if (soft_threshold)
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
-#endif
-          cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) {
-            const T v = *ptrd; *ptrd = v>=value?(T)(v-value):v<=-(float)value?(T)(v+value):(T)0;
-          }
-        else
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=65536)
-#endif
-          cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = *ptrd>=value?(T)1:(T)0;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Threshold pixel values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_threshold(const T value, const bool soft_threshold=false, const bool strict_threshold=false) const {
-      return (+*this).threshold(value,soft_threshold,strict_threshold);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the histogram of pixel values.
-    /**
-       \param nb_levels Number of desired histogram levels.
-       \param min_value Minimum pixel value considered for the histogram computation.
-         All pixel values lower than \p min_value will not be counted.
-       \param max_value Maximum pixel value considered for the histogram computation.
-         All pixel values higher than \p max_value will not be counted.
-       \note
-       - The histogram H of an image I is the 1d function where H(x) counts the number of occurences of the value x
-         in the image I.
-       - The resulting histogram is always defined in 1d. Histograms of multi-valued images are not multi-dimensional.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img = CImg<float>("reference.jpg").histogram(256);
-       img.display_graph(0,3);
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_histogram.jpg
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& histogram(const unsigned int nb_levels, const T min_value, const T max_value) {
-      return get_histogram(nb_levels,min_value,max_value).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the histogram of pixel values \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& histogram(const unsigned int nb_levels) {
-      return get_histogram(nb_levels).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the histogram of pixel values \newinstance.
-    CImg<ulongT> get_histogram(const unsigned int nb_levels, const T min_value, const T max_value) const {
-      if (!nb_levels || is_empty()) return CImg<ulongT>();
-      T vmin = min_value<max_value?min_value:max_value, vmax = min_value<max_value?max_value:min_value;
-      CImg<ulongT> res(nb_levels,1,1,1,0);
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrs,T) {
-        const T val = *ptrs;
-        if (val>=vmin && val<=vmax) ++res[val==vmax?nb_levels-1:(unsigned int)((val-vmin)*nb_levels/(vmax-vmin))];
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the histogram of pixel values \newinstance.
-    CImg<ulongT> get_histogram(const unsigned int nb_levels) const {
-      if (!nb_levels || is_empty()) return CImg<ulongT>();
-      T vmax = 0, vmin = min_max(vmax);
-      return get_histogram(nb_levels,vmin,vmax);
-    }
-
-    //! Equalize histogram of pixel values.
-    /**
-       \param nb_levels Number of histogram levels used for the equalization.
-       \param min_value Minimum pixel value considered for the histogram computation.
-         All pixel values lower than \p min_value will not be counted.
-       \param max_value Maximum pixel value considered for the histogram computation.
-         All pixel values higher than \p max_value will not be counted.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg"), res = img.get_equalize(256);
-       (img,res).display();
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_equalize.jpg
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& equalize(const unsigned int nb_levels, const T min_value, const T max_value) {
-      if (!nb_levels || is_empty()) return *this;
-      T vmin = min_value<max_value?min_value:max_value, vmax = min_value<max_value?max_value:min_value;
-      CImg<ulongT> hist = get_histogram(nb_levels,vmin,vmax);
-      unsigned long cumul = 0;
-      cimg_forX(hist,pos) { cumul+=hist[pos]; hist[pos] = cumul; }
-      if (!cumul) cumul = 1;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=1048576)
-#endif
-      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) {
-        const int pos = (int)((*ptrd-vmin)*(nb_levels-1)/(vmax-vmin));
-        if (pos>=0 && pos<(int)nb_levels) *ptrd = (T)(vmin + (vmax-vmin)*hist[pos]/cumul);
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Equalize histogram of pixel values \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& equalize(const unsigned int nb_levels) {
-      if (!nb_levels || is_empty()) return *this;
-      T vmax = 0, vmin = min_max(vmax);
-      return equalize(nb_levels,vmin,vmax);
-    }
-
-    //! Equalize histogram of pixel values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_equalize(const unsigned int nblevels, const T val_min, const T val_max) const {
-      return (+*this).equalize(nblevels,val_min,val_max);
-    }
-
-    //! Equalize histogram of pixel values \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_equalize(const unsigned int nblevels) const {
-      return (+*this).equalize(nblevels);
-    }
-
-    //! Index multi-valued pixels regarding to a specified colormap.
-    /**
-       \param colormap Multi-valued colormap used as the basis for multi-valued pixel indexing.
-       \param dithering Level of dithering (0=disable, 1=standard level).
-       \param map_indexes Tell if the values of the resulting image are the colormap indices or the colormap vectors.
-       \note
-       - \p img.index(colormap,dithering,1) is equivalent to <tt>img.index(colormap,dithering,0).map(colormap)</tt>.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg"), colormap(3,1,1,3, 0,128,255, 0,128,255, 0,128,255);
-       const CImg<float> res = img.get_index(colormap,1,true);
-       (img,res).display();
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_index.jpg
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& index(const CImg<t>& colormap, const float dithering=1, const bool map_indexes=false) {
-      return get_index(colormap,dithering,map_indexes).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Index multi-valued pixels regarding to a specified colormap \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<typename CImg<t>::Tuint>
-    get_index(const CImg<t>& colormap, const float dithering=1, const bool map_indexes=true) const {
-      if (colormap._spectrum!=_spectrum)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "index(): Instance and specified colormap (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) "
-                                    "have incompatible dimensions.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    colormap._width,colormap._height,colormap._depth,colormap._spectrum,colormap._data);
-
-      typedef typename CImg<t>::Tuint tuint;
-      if (is_empty()) return CImg<tuint>();
-      const unsigned long
-        whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth,
-        pwhd = (unsigned long)colormap._width*colormap._height*colormap._depth;
-      CImg<tuint> res(_width,_height,_depth,map_indexes?_spectrum:1);
-      tuint *ptrd = res._data;
-      if (dithering>0) { // Dithered versions.
-        const float ndithering = (dithering<0?0:dithering>1?1:dithering)/16;
-        Tfloat valm = 0, valM = (Tfloat)max_min(valm);
-        if (valm==valM && valm>=0 && valM<=255) { valm = 0; valM = 255; }
-        CImg<Tfloat> cache = get_crop(-1,0,0,0,_width,1,0,_spectrum-1);
-        Tfloat *cache_current = cache.data(1,0,0,0), *cache_next = cache.data(1,1,0,0);
-        const unsigned long cwhd = (unsigned long)cache._width*cache._height*cache._depth;
-        switch (_spectrum) {
-        case 1 : { // Optimized for scalars.
-          cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
-            if (y<height()-2) {
-              Tfloat *ptrc0 = cache_next; const T *ptrs0 = data(0,y+1,z,0);
-              cimg_forX(*this,x) *(ptrc0++) = (Tfloat)*(ptrs0++);
-            }
-            Tfloat *ptrs0 = cache_current, *ptrsn0 = cache_next;
-            cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-              const Tfloat _val0 = (Tfloat)*ptrs0, val0 = _val0<valm?valm:_val0>valM?valM:_val0;
-              Tfloat distmin = cimg::type<Tfloat>::max(); const t *ptrmin0 = colormap._data;
-              for (const t *ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp_end = ptrp0 + pwhd; ptrp0<ptrp_end; ) {
-                const Tfloat pval0 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp0++) - val0, dist = pval0*pval0;
-                if (dist<distmin) { ptrmin0 = ptrp0 - 1; distmin = dist; }
-              }
-              const Tfloat err0 = ((*(ptrs0++)=val0) - (Tfloat)*ptrmin0)*ndithering;
-              *ptrs0+=7*err0; *(ptrsn0-1)+=3*err0; *(ptrsn0++)+=5*err0; *ptrsn0+=err0;
-              if (map_indexes) *(ptrd++) = (tuint)*ptrmin0; else *(ptrd++) = (tuint)(ptrmin0 - colormap._data);
-            }
-            cimg::swap(cache_current,cache_next);
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 2 : { // Optimized for 2d vectors.
-          tuint *ptrd1 = ptrd + whd;
-          cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
-            if (y<height()-2) {
-              Tfloat *ptrc0 = cache_next, *ptrc1 = ptrc0 + cwhd;
-              const T *ptrs0 = data(0,y+1,z,0), *ptrs1 = ptrs0 + whd;
-              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *(ptrc0++) = (Tfloat)*(ptrs0++); *(ptrc1++) = (Tfloat)*(ptrs1++); }
-            }
-            Tfloat
-              *ptrs0 = cache_current, *ptrs1 = ptrs0 + cwhd,
-              *ptrsn0 = cache_next, *ptrsn1 = ptrsn0 + cwhd;
-            cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-              const Tfloat
-                _val0 = (Tfloat)*ptrs0, val0 = _val0<valm?valm:_val0>valM?valM:_val0,
-                _val1 = (Tfloat)*ptrs1, val1 = _val1<valm?valm:_val1>valM?valM:_val1;
-              Tfloat distmin = cimg::type<Tfloat>::max(); const t *ptrmin0 = colormap._data;
-              for (const t *ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp1 = ptrp0 + pwhd, *ptrp_end = ptrp1; ptrp0<ptrp_end; ) {
-                const Tfloat
-                  pval0 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp0++) - val0, pval1 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp1++) - val1,
-                  dist = pval0*pval0 + pval1*pval1;
-                if (dist<distmin) { ptrmin0 = ptrp0 - 1; distmin = dist; }
-              }
-              const t *const ptrmin1 = ptrmin0 + pwhd;
-              const Tfloat
-                err0 = ((*(ptrs0++)=val0) - (Tfloat)*ptrmin0)*ndithering,
-                err1 = ((*(ptrs1++)=val1) - (Tfloat)*ptrmin1)*ndithering;
-              *ptrs0+=7*err0; *ptrs1+=7*err1;
-              *(ptrsn0-1)+=3*err0; *(ptrsn1-1)+=3*err1;
-              *(ptrsn0++)+=5*err0; *(ptrsn1++)+=5*err1;
-              *ptrsn0+=err0; *ptrsn1+=err1;
-              if (map_indexes) { *(ptrd++) = (tuint)*ptrmin0; *(ptrd1++) = (tuint)*ptrmin1; }
-              else *(ptrd++) = (tuint)(ptrmin0 - colormap._data);
-            }
-            cimg::swap(cache_current,cache_next);
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 3 : { // Optimized for 3d vectors (colors).
-          tuint *ptrd1 = ptrd + whd, *ptrd2 = ptrd1 + whd;
-          cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
-            if (y<height()-2) {
-              Tfloat *ptrc0 = cache_next, *ptrc1 = ptrc0 + cwhd, *ptrc2 = ptrc1 + cwhd;
-              const T *ptrs0 = data(0,y+1,z,0), *ptrs1 = ptrs0 + whd, *ptrs2 = ptrs1 + whd;
-              cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-                *(ptrc0++) = (Tfloat)*(ptrs0++); *(ptrc1++) = (Tfloat)*(ptrs1++); *(ptrc2++) = (Tfloat)*(ptrs2++);
-              }
-            }
-            Tfloat
-              *ptrs0 = cache_current, *ptrs1 = ptrs0 + cwhd, *ptrs2 = ptrs1 + cwhd,
-              *ptrsn0 = cache_next, *ptrsn1 = ptrsn0 + cwhd, *ptrsn2 = ptrsn1 + cwhd;
-            cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-              const Tfloat
-                _val0 = (Tfloat)*ptrs0, val0 = _val0<valm?valm:_val0>valM?valM:_val0,
-                _val1 = (Tfloat)*ptrs1, val1 = _val1<valm?valm:_val1>valM?valM:_val1,
-                _val2 = (Tfloat)*ptrs2, val2 = _val2<valm?valm:_val2>valM?valM:_val2;
-              Tfloat distmin = cimg::type<Tfloat>::max(); const t *ptrmin0 = colormap._data;
-              for (const t *ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp1 = ptrp0 + pwhd, *ptrp2 = ptrp1 + pwhd,
-                     *ptrp_end = ptrp1; ptrp0<ptrp_end; ) {
-                const Tfloat
-                  pval0 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp0++) - val0,
-                  pval1 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp1++) - val1,
-                  pval2 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp2++) - val2,
-                  dist = pval0*pval0 + pval1*pval1 + pval2*pval2;
-                if (dist<distmin) { ptrmin0 = ptrp0 - 1; distmin = dist; }
-              }
-              const t *const ptrmin1 = ptrmin0 + pwhd, *const ptrmin2 = ptrmin1 + pwhd;
-              const Tfloat
-                err0 = ((*(ptrs0++)=val0) - (Tfloat)*ptrmin0)*ndithering,
-                err1 = ((*(ptrs1++)=val1) - (Tfloat)*ptrmin1)*ndithering,
-                err2 = ((*(ptrs2++)=val2) - (Tfloat)*ptrmin2)*ndithering;
-
-              *ptrs0+=7*err0; *ptrs1+=7*err1; *ptrs2+=7*err2;
-              *(ptrsn0-1)+=3*err0; *(ptrsn1-1)+=3*err1; *(ptrsn2-1)+=3*err2;
-              *(ptrsn0++)+=5*err0; *(ptrsn1++)+=5*err1; *(ptrsn2++)+=5*err2;
-              *ptrsn0+=err0; *ptrsn1+=err1; *ptrsn2+=err2;
-
-              if (map_indexes) {
-                *(ptrd++) = (tuint)*ptrmin0; *(ptrd1++) = (tuint)*ptrmin1; *(ptrd2++) = (tuint)*ptrmin2;
-              } else *(ptrd++) = (tuint)(ptrmin0 - colormap._data);
-            }
-            cimg::swap(cache_current,cache_next);
-          }
-        } break;
-        default : // Generic version
-          cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
-            if (y<height()-2) {
-              Tfloat *ptrc = cache_next;
-              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                Tfloat *_ptrc = ptrc; const T *_ptrs = data(0,y+1,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(*this,x) *(_ptrc++) = (Tfloat)*(_ptrs++);
-                ptrc+=cwhd;
-              }
-            }
-            Tfloat *ptrs = cache_current, *ptrsn = cache_next;
-            cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-              Tfloat distmin = cimg::type<Tfloat>::max(); const t *ptrmin = colormap._data;
-              for (const t *ptrp = colormap._data, *ptrp_end = ptrp + pwhd; ptrp<ptrp_end; ++ptrp) {
-                Tfloat dist = 0; Tfloat *_ptrs = ptrs; const t *_ptrp = ptrp;
-                cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                  const Tfloat _val = *_ptrs, val = _val<valm?valm:_val>valM?valM:_val;
-                  dist+=cimg::sqr((*_ptrs=val) - (Tfloat)*_ptrp); _ptrs+=cwhd; _ptrp+=pwhd;
-                }
-                if (dist<distmin) { ptrmin = ptrp; distmin = dist; }
-              }
-              const t *_ptrmin = ptrmin; Tfloat *_ptrs = ptrs++, *_ptrsn = (ptrsn++)-1;
-              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                const Tfloat err = (*(_ptrs++) - (Tfloat)*_ptrmin)*ndithering;
-                *_ptrs+=7*err; *(_ptrsn++)+=3*err; *(_ptrsn++)+=5*err; *_ptrsn+=err;
-                _ptrmin+=pwhd; _ptrs+=cwhd-1; _ptrsn+=cwhd-2;
-              }
-              if (map_indexes) {
-                tuint *_ptrd = ptrd++;
-                cimg_forC(*this,c) { *_ptrd = (tuint)*ptrmin; _ptrd+=whd; ptrmin+=pwhd; }
-              }
-              else *(ptrd++) = (tuint)(ptrmin - colormap._data);
-            }
-            cimg::swap(cache_current,cache_next);
-          }
-        }
-      } else { // Non-dithered versions
-        switch (_spectrum) {
-        case 1 : { // Optimized for scalars.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=64 && _height*_depth>=16 && pwhd>=16)
-#endif
-          cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
-            tuint *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z);
-            for (const T *ptrs0 = data(0,y,z), *ptrs_end = ptrs0 + _width; ptrs0<ptrs_end; ) {
-              const Tfloat val0 = (Tfloat)*(ptrs0++);
-              Tfloat distmin = cimg::type<Tfloat>::max(); const t *ptrmin0 = colormap._data;
-              for (const t *ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp_end = ptrp0 + pwhd; ptrp0<ptrp_end; ) {
-                const Tfloat pval0 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp0++) - val0, dist = pval0*pval0;
-                if (dist<distmin) { ptrmin0 = ptrp0 - 1; distmin = dist; }
-              }
-              if (map_indexes) *(ptrd++) = (tuint)*ptrmin0; else *(ptrd++) = (tuint)(ptrmin0 - colormap._data);
-            }
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 2 : { // Optimized for 2d vectors.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=64 && _height*_depth>=16 && pwhd>=16)
-#endif
-          cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
-            tuint *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z), *ptrd1 = ptrd + whd;
-            for (const T *ptrs0 = data(0,y,z), *ptrs1 = ptrs0 + whd, *ptrs_end = ptrs0 + _width; ptrs0<ptrs_end; ) {
-              const Tfloat val0 = (Tfloat)*(ptrs0++), val1 = (Tfloat)*(ptrs1++);
-              Tfloat distmin = cimg::type<Tfloat>::max(); const t *ptrmin0 = colormap._data;
-              for (const t *ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp1 = ptrp0 + pwhd, *ptrp_end = ptrp1; ptrp0<ptrp_end; ) {
-                const Tfloat
-                  pval0 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp0++) - val0, pval1 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp1++) - val1,
-                  dist = pval0*pval0 + pval1*pval1;
-                if (dist<distmin) { ptrmin0 = ptrp0 - 1; distmin = dist; }
-              }
-              if (map_indexes) { *(ptrd++) = (tuint)*ptrmin0; *(ptrd1++) = (tuint)*(ptrmin0 + pwhd); }
-              else *(ptrd++) = (tuint)(ptrmin0 - colormap._data);
-            }
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 3 : { // Optimized for 3d vectors (colors).
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=64 && _height*_depth>=16 && pwhd>=16)
-#endif
-          cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
-            tuint *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z), *ptrd1 = ptrd + whd, *ptrd2 = ptrd1 + whd;
-            for (const T *ptrs0 = data(0,y,z), *ptrs1 = ptrs0 + whd, *ptrs2 = ptrs1 + whd,
-                   *ptrs_end = ptrs0 + _width; ptrs0<ptrs_end; ) {
-              const Tfloat val0 = (Tfloat)*(ptrs0++), val1 = (Tfloat)*(ptrs1++), val2 = (Tfloat)*(ptrs2++);
-              Tfloat distmin = cimg::type<Tfloat>::max(); const t *ptrmin0 = colormap._data;
-              for (const t *ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp1 = ptrp0 + pwhd, *ptrp2 = ptrp1 + pwhd,
-                     *ptrp_end = ptrp1; ptrp0<ptrp_end; ) {
-                const Tfloat
-                  pval0 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp0++) - val0,
-                  pval1 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp1++) - val1,
-                  pval2 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp2++) - val2,
-                  dist = pval0*pval0 + pval1*pval1 + pval2*pval2;
-                if (dist<distmin) { ptrmin0 = ptrp0 - 1; distmin = dist; }
-              }
-              if (map_indexes) {
-                *(ptrd++) = (tuint)*ptrmin0;
-                *(ptrd1++) = (tuint)*(ptrmin0 + pwhd);
-                *(ptrd2++) = (tuint)*(ptrmin0 + 2*pwhd);
-              } else *(ptrd++) = (tuint)(ptrmin0 - colormap._data);
-            }
-          }
-        } break;
-        default : // Generic version.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=64 && _height*_depth>=16 && pwhd>=16)
-#endif
-          cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
-            tuint *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z);
-            for (const T *ptrs = data(0,y,z), *ptrs_end = ptrs + _width; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrs) {
-              Tfloat distmin = cimg::type<Tfloat>::max(); const t *ptrmin = colormap._data;
-              for (const t *ptrp = colormap._data, *ptrp_end = ptrp + pwhd; ptrp<ptrp_end; ++ptrp) {
-                Tfloat dist = 0; const T *_ptrs = ptrs; const t *_ptrp = ptrp;
-                cimg_forC(*this,c) { dist+=cimg::sqr((Tfloat)*_ptrs - (Tfloat)*_ptrp); _ptrs+=whd; _ptrp+=pwhd; }
-                if (dist<distmin) { ptrmin = ptrp; distmin = dist; }
-              }
-              if (map_indexes) {
-                tuint *_ptrd = ptrd++;
-                cimg_forC(*this,c) { *_ptrd = (tuint)*ptrmin; _ptrd+=whd; ptrmin+=pwhd; }
-              }
-              else *(ptrd++) = (tuint)(ptrmin - colormap._data);
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Map predefined colormap on the scalar (indexed) image instance.
-    /**
-       \param colormap Multi-valued colormap used for mapping the indexes.
-       \param boundary_conditions The border condition type { 0=zero |  1=dirichlet | 2=periodic }.
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg"),
-                         colormap1(3,1,1,3, 0,128,255, 0,128,255, 0,128,255),
-                         colormap2(3,1,1,3, 255,0,0, 0,255,0, 0,0,255),
-                         res = img.get_index(colormap1,0).map(colormap2);
-       (img,res).display();
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_map.jpg
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& map(const CImg<t>& colormap, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=0) {
-      return get_map(colormap,boundary_conditions).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Map predefined colormap on the scalar (indexed) image instance \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<t> get_map(const CImg<t>& colormap, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=0) const {
-      if (_spectrum!=1 && colormap._spectrum!=1)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "map(): Instance and specified colormap (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) "
-                                    "have incompatible dimensions.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    colormap._width,colormap._height,colormap._depth,colormap._spectrum,colormap._data);
-
-      const unsigned long
-        whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth,
-        pwhd = (unsigned long)colormap._width*colormap._height*colormap._depth;
-      CImg<t> res(_width,_height,_depth,colormap._spectrum==1?_spectrum:colormap._spectrum);
-      switch (colormap._spectrum) {
-
-      case 1 : { // Optimized for scalars.
-        const T *ptrs = _data;
-        switch (boundary_conditions) {
-        case 2 : // Periodic boundaries.
-          cimg_for(res,ptrd,t) {
-            const unsigned long ind = (unsigned long)*(ptrs++);
-            *ptrd = colormap[ind%pwhd];
-          } break;
-        case 1 : // Neumann boundaries.
-          cimg_for(res,ptrd,t) {
-            const long ind = (long)*(ptrs++);
-            *ptrd = colormap[ind<0?0:ind>=(long)pwhd?pwhd-1:ind];
-          } break;
-        default : // Dirichlet boundaries.
-          cimg_for(res,ptrd,t) {
-            const unsigned long ind = (unsigned long)*(ptrs++);
-            *ptrd = ind<pwhd?colormap[ind]:(t)0;
-          }
-        }
-      } break;
-
-      case 2 : { // Optimized for 2d vectors.
-        switch (boundary_conditions) {
-        case 2 : { // Periodic boundaries.
-          const t *const ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp1 = ptrp0 + pwhd;
-          t *ptrd0 = res._data, *ptrd1 = ptrd0 + whd;
-          for (const T *ptrs = _data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + whd; ptrs<ptrs_end; ) {
-            const unsigned long _ind = (unsigned long)*(ptrs++), ind = _ind%pwhd;
-            *(ptrd0++) = ptrp0[ind]; *(ptrd1++) = ptrp1[ind];
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 1 : { // Neumann boundaries.
-          const t *const ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp1 = ptrp0 + pwhd;
-          t *ptrd0 = res._data, *ptrd1 = ptrd0 + whd;
-          for (const T *ptrs = _data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + whd; ptrs<ptrs_end; ) {
-            const long _ind = (long)*(ptrs++), ind = _ind<0?0:_ind>=(long)pwhd?pwhd-1:_ind;
-            *(ptrd0++) = ptrp0[ind]; *(ptrd1++) = ptrp1[ind];
-          }
-        } break;
-        default : { // Dirichlet boundaries.
-          const t *const ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp1 = ptrp0 + pwhd;
-          t *ptrd0 = res._data, *ptrd1 = ptrd0 + whd;
-          for (const T *ptrs = _data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + whd; ptrs<ptrs_end; ) {
-            const unsigned long ind = (unsigned long)*(ptrs++);
-            const bool is_in = ind<pwhd;
-            *(ptrd0++) = is_in?ptrp0[ind]:(t)0; *(ptrd1++) = is_in?ptrp1[ind]:(t)0;
-          }
-        }
-        }
-      } break;
-
-      case 3 : { // Optimized for 3d vectors (colors).
-        switch (boundary_conditions) {
-        case 2 : { // Periodic boundaries.
-          const t *const ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp1 = ptrp0 + pwhd, *ptrp2 = ptrp1 + pwhd;
-          t *ptrd0 = res._data, *ptrd1 = ptrd0 + whd, *ptrd2 = ptrd1 + whd;
-          for (const T *ptrs = _data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + whd; ptrs<ptrs_end; ) {
-            const unsigned long _ind = (unsigned long)*(ptrs++), ind = _ind%pwhd;
-            *(ptrd0++) = ptrp0[ind]; *(ptrd1++) = ptrp1[ind]; *(ptrd2++) = ptrp2[ind];
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 1 : { // Neumann boundaries.
-          const t *const ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp1 = ptrp0 + pwhd, *ptrp2 = ptrp1 + pwhd;
-          t *ptrd0 = res._data, *ptrd1 = ptrd0 + whd, *ptrd2 = ptrd1 + whd;
-          for (const T *ptrs = _data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + whd; ptrs<ptrs_end; ) {
-            const long _ind = (long)*(ptrs++), ind = _ind<0?0:_ind>=(long)pwhd?pwhd-1:_ind;
-            *(ptrd0++) = ptrp0[ind]; *(ptrd1++) = ptrp1[ind]; *(ptrd2++) = ptrp2[ind];
-          }
-        } break;
-        default : { // Dirichlet boundaries.
-          const t *const ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp1 = ptrp0 + pwhd, *ptrp2 = ptrp1 + pwhd;
-          t *ptrd0 = res._data, *ptrd1 = ptrd0 + whd, *ptrd2 = ptrd1 + whd;
-          for (const T *ptrs = _data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + whd; ptrs<ptrs_end; ) {
-            const unsigned long ind = (unsigned long)*(ptrs++);
-            const bool is_in = ind<pwhd;
-            *(ptrd0++) = is_in?ptrp0[ind]:(t)0; *(ptrd1++) = is_in?ptrp1[ind]:(t)0; *(ptrd2++) = is_in?ptrp2[ind]:(t)0;
-          }
-        }
-        }
-      } break;
-
-      default : { // Generic version.
-        switch (boundary_conditions) {
-        case 2 : { // Periodic boundaries.
-          t *ptrd = res._data;
-          for (const T *ptrs = _data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + whd; ptrs<ptrs_end; ) {
-            const unsigned long _ind = (unsigned long)*(ptrs++), ind = _ind%pwhd;
-            const t *ptrp = colormap._data + ind;
-            t *_ptrd = ptrd++; cimg_forC(res,c) { *_ptrd = *ptrp; _ptrd+=whd; ptrp+=pwhd; }
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 1 : { // Neumann boundaries.
-          t *ptrd = res._data;
-          for (const T *ptrs = _data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + whd; ptrs<ptrs_end; ) {
-            const long _ind = (long)*(ptrs++), ind = _ind<0?0:_ind>=(long)pwhd?pwhd-1:_ind;
-            const t *ptrp = colormap._data + ind;
-            t *_ptrd = ptrd++; cimg_forC(res,c) { *_ptrd = *ptrp; _ptrd+=whd; ptrp+=pwhd; }
-          }
-        } break;
-        default : { // Dirichlet boundaries.
-          t *ptrd = res._data;
-          for (const T *ptrs = _data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + whd; ptrs<ptrs_end; ) {
-            const unsigned long ind = (unsigned long)*(ptrs++);
-            const bool is_in = ind<pwhd;
-            if (is_in) {
-              const t *ptrp = colormap._data + ind;
-              t *_ptrd = ptrd++; cimg_forC(res,c) { *_ptrd = *ptrp; _ptrd+=whd; ptrp+=pwhd; }
-            } else {
-              t *_ptrd = ptrd++; cimg_forC(res,c) { *_ptrd = (t)0; _ptrd+=whd; }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        }
-      }
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Label connected components.
-    /**
-       \param is_high_connectivity Boolean that choose between 4(false)- or 8(true)-connectivity
-       in 2d case, and between 6(false)- or 26(true)-connectivity in 3d case.
-       \param tolerance Tolerance used to determine if two neighboring pixels belong to the same region.
-       \note The algorithm of connected components computation has been primarily done
-       by A. Meijster, according to the publication:
-       'W.H. Hesselink, A. Meijster, C. Bron, "Concurrent Determination of Connected Components.",
-       In: Science of Computer Programming 41 (2001), pp. 173--194'.
-       The submitted code has then been modified to fit CImg coding style and constraints.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& label(const bool is_high_connectivity=false, const Tfloat tolerance=0) {
-      return get_label(is_high_connectivity,tolerance).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Label connected components \newinstance.
-    CImg<unsigned long> get_label(const bool is_high_connectivity=false,
-                                  const Tfloat tolerance=0) const {
-      if (is_empty()) return CImg<unsigned long>();
-
-      // Create neighborhood tables.
-      int dx[13], dy[13], dz[13], nb = 0;
-      dx[nb]=1; dy[nb] = 0; dz[nb++]=0;
-      dx[nb]=0; dy[nb] = 1; dz[nb++]=0;
-      if (is_high_connectivity) {
-        dx[nb]=1; dy[nb] = 1; dz[nb++]=0;
-        dx[nb]=1; dy[nb] = -1; dz[nb++]=0;
-      }
-      if (_depth>1) { // 3d version.
-        dx[nb]=0; dy[nb] = 0; dz[nb++]=1;
-        if (is_high_connectivity) {
-          dx[nb]=1; dy[nb] = 1; dz[nb++]=-1;
-          dx[nb]=1; dy[nb] = 0; dz[nb++]=-1;
-          dx[nb]=1; dy[nb] = -1; dz[nb++]=-1;
-          dx[nb]=0; dy[nb] = 1; dz[nb++]=-1;
-
-          dx[nb]=0; dy[nb] = 1; dz[nb++]=1;
-          dx[nb]=1; dy[nb] = -1; dz[nb++]=1;
-          dx[nb]=1; dy[nb] = 0; dz[nb++]=1;
-          dx[nb]=1; dy[nb] = 1; dz[nb++]=1;
-        }
-      }
-      return _get_label(nb,dx,dy,dz,tolerance);
-    }
-
-    //! Label connected components \overloading.
-    /**
-       \param connectivity_mask Mask of the neighboring pixels.
-       \param tolerance Tolerance used to determine if two neighboring pixels belong to the same region.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& label(const CImg<t>& connectivity_mask, const Tfloat tolerance=0) {
-      return get_label(connectivity_mask,tolerance).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Label connected components \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<unsigned long> get_label(const CImg<t>& connectivity_mask,
-                                  const Tfloat tolerance=0) const {
-      int nb = 0;
-      cimg_for(connectivity_mask,ptr,t) if (*ptr) ++nb;
-      CImg<intT> dx(nb,1,1,1,0), dy(nb,1,1,1,0), dz(nb,1,1,1,0);
-      nb = 0;
-      cimg_forXYZ(connectivity_mask,x,y,z) if ((x || y || z) &&
-                                               connectivity_mask(x,y,z)) {
-        dx[nb] = x; dy[nb] = y; dz[nb++] = z;
-      }
-      return _get_label(nb,dx,dy,dz,tolerance);
-    }
-
-    CImg<unsigned long> _get_label(const unsigned int nb, const int
-                                   *const dx, const int *const dy, const int *const dz,
-                                   const Tfloat tolerance) const {
-      CImg<unsigned long> res(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-      cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-        CImg<unsigned long> _res = res.get_shared_channel(c);
-
-        // Init label numbers.
-        unsigned long *ptr = _res.data();
-        cimg_foroff(_res,p) *(ptr++) = p;
-
-        // For each neighbour-direction, label.
-        for (unsigned int n = 0; n<nb; ++n) {
-          const int _dx = dx[n], _dy = dy[n], _dz = dz[n];
-          if (_dx || _dy || _dz) {
-            const int
-              x0 = _dx<0?-_dx:0,
-              x1 = _dx<0?_width:_width - _dx,
-              y0 = _dy<0?-_dy:0,
-              y1 = _dy<0?_height:_height - _dy,
-              z0 = _dz<0?-_dz:0,
-              z1 = _dz<0?_depth:_depth - _dz;
-            const long wh = (long)_width*_height, offset = (long)_dz*wh + (long)_dy*_width + _dx;
-            for (long z = z0, nz = z0 + _dz, pz = z0*wh; z<z1; ++z, ++nz, pz+=wh) {
-              for (long y = y0, ny = y0 + _dy, py = y0*_width + pz; y<y1; ++y, ++ny, py+=_width) {
-                for (long x = x0, nx = x0 + _dx, p = x0 + py; x<x1; ++x, ++nx, ++p) {
-                  if ((Tfloat)cimg::abs((*this)(x,y,z,c,wh)-(*this)(nx,ny,nz,c,wh))<=tolerance) {
-                    const long q = p + offset;
-                    unsigned long x, y;
-                    for (x = p<q?q:p, y = p<q?p:q; x!=y && _res[x]!=x; ) { x = _res[x]; if (x<y) cimg::swap(x,y); }
-                    if (x!=y) _res[x] = y;
-                    for (unsigned long _p = p; _p!=y; ) { const unsigned long h = _res[_p]; _res[_p] = y; _p = h; }
-                    for (unsigned long _q = q; _q!=y; ) { const unsigned long h = _res[_q]; _res[_q] = y; _q = h; }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-
-        // Resolve equivalences.
-        unsigned long counter = 0;
-        ptr = _res.data();
-        cimg_foroff(_res,p) { *ptr = *ptr==p?counter++:_res[*ptr]; ++ptr; }
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    // [internal] Replace possibly malicious characters for commands to be called by system() by their escaped version.
-    CImg<T>& _system_strescape() {
-#define cimg_system_strescape(c,s) case c : if (p!=ptrs) CImg<T>(ptrs,(unsigned int)(p-ptrs),1,1,1,false).\
-      move_to(list); \
-      CImg<T>(s,(unsigned int)std::strlen(s),1,1,1,false).move_to(list); ptrs = p+1; break
-      CImgList<T> list;
-      const T *ptrs = _data;
-      cimg_for(*this,p,T) switch ((int)*p) {
-        cimg_system_strescape('\\',"\\\\");
-        cimg_system_strescape('\"',"\\\"");
-        cimg_system_strescape('!',"\"\\!\"");
-        cimg_system_strescape('`',"\\`");
-        cimg_system_strescape('$',"\\$");
-      }
-      if (ptrs<end()) CImg<T>(ptrs,(unsigned int)(end()-ptrs),1,1,1,false).move_to(list);
-      return (list>'x').move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //---------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Color Base Management
-    //@{
-    //---------------------------------
-
-    //! Return colormap \e "default", containing 256 colors entries in RGB.
-    /**
-       \return The following \c 256x1x1x3 colormap is returned:
-       \image html ref_colormap_default.jpg
-    **/
-    static const CImg<Tuchar>& default_LUT256() {
-      static CImg<Tuchar> colormap;
-      cimg::mutex(8);
-      if (!colormap) {
-        colormap.assign(1,256,1,3);
-        for (unsigned int index = 0, r = 16; r<256; r+=32)
-          for (unsigned int g = 16; g<256; g+=32)
-            for (unsigned int b = 32; b<256; b+=64) {
-              colormap(0,index,0) = (Tuchar)r;
-              colormap(0,index,1) = (Tuchar)g;
-              colormap(0,index++,2) = (Tuchar)b;
-            }
-      }
-      cimg::mutex(8,0);
-      return colormap;
-    }
-
-    //! Return colormap \e "HSV", containing 256 colors entries in RGB.
-    /**
-       \return The following \c 256x1x1x3 colormap is returned:
-       \image html ref_colormap_hsv.jpg
-    **/
-    static const CImg<Tuchar>& HSV_LUT256() {
-      static CImg<Tuchar> colormap;
-      cimg::mutex(8);
-      if (!colormap) {
-        CImg<Tint> tmp(1,256,1,3,1);
-        tmp.get_shared_channel(0).sequence(0,359);
-        colormap = tmp.HSVtoRGB();
-      }
-      cimg::mutex(8,0);
-      return colormap;
-    }
-
-    //! Return colormap \e "lines", containing 256 colors entries in RGB.
-    /**
-       \return The following \c 256x1x1x3 colormap is returned:
-       \image html ref_colormap_lines.jpg
-    **/
-    static const CImg<Tuchar>& lines_LUT256() {
-      static const unsigned char pal[] = {
-        217,62,88,75,1,237,240,12,56,160,165,116,1,1,204,2,15,248,148,185,133,141,46,246,222,116,16,5,207,226,
-        17,114,247,1,214,53,238,0,95,55,233,235,109,0,17,54,33,0,90,30,3,0,94,27,19,0,68,212,166,130,0,15,7,119,
-        238,2,246,198,0,3,16,10,13,2,25,28,12,6,2,99,18,141,30,4,3,140,12,4,30,233,7,10,0,136,35,160,168,184,20,
-        233,0,1,242,83,90,56,180,44,41,0,6,19,207,5,31,214,4,35,153,180,75,21,76,16,202,218,22,17,2,136,71,74,
-        81,251,244,148,222,17,0,234,24,0,200,16,239,15,225,102,230,186,58,230,110,12,0,7,129,249,22,241,37,219,
-        1,3,254,210,3,212,113,131,197,162,123,252,90,96,209,60,0,17,0,180,249,12,112,165,43,27,229,77,40,195,12,
-        87,1,210,148,47,80,5,9,1,137,2,40,57,205,244,40,8,252,98,0,40,43,206,31,187,0,180,1,69,70,227,131,108,0,
-        223,94,228,35,248,243,4,16,0,34,24,2,9,35,73,91,12,199,51,1,249,12,103,131,20,224,2,70,32,
-        233,1,165,3,8,154,246,233,196,5,0,6,183,227,247,195,208,36,0,0,226,160,210,198,69,153,210,1,23,8,192,2,4,
-        137,1,0,52,2,249,241,129,0,0,234,7,238,71,7,32,15,157,157,252,158,2,250,6,13,30,11,162,0,199,21,11,27,224,
-        4,157,20,181,111,187,218,3,0,11,158,230,196,34,223,22,248,135,254,210,157,219,0,117,239,3,255,4,227,5,247,
-        11,4,3,188,111,11,105,195,2,0,14,1,21,219,192,0,183,191,113,241,1,12,17,248,0,48,7,19,1,254,212,0,239,246,
-        0,23,0,250,165,194,194,17,3,253,0,24,6,0,141,167,221,24,212,2,235,243,0,0,205,1,251,133,204,28,4,6,1,10,
-        141,21,74,12,236,254,228,19,1,0,214,1,186,13,13,6,13,16,27,209,6,216,11,207,251,59,32,9,155,23,19,235,143,
-        116,6,213,6,75,159,23,6,0,228,4,10,245,249,1,7,44,234,4,102,174,0,19,239,103,16,15,18,8,214,22,4,47,244,
-        255,8,0,251,173,1,212,252,250,251,252,6,0,29,29,222,233,246,5,149,0,182,180,13,151,0,203,183,0,35,149,0,
-        235,246,254,78,9,17,203,73,11,195,0,3,5,44,0,0,237,5,106,6,130,16,214,20,168,247,168,4,207,11,5,1,232,251,
-        129,210,116,231,217,223,214,27,45,38,4,177,186,249,7,215,172,16,214,27,249,230,236,2,34,216,217,0,175,30,
-        243,225,244,182,20,212,2,226,21,255,20,0,2,13,62,13,191,14,76,64,20,121,4,118,0,216,1,147,0,2,210,1,215,
-        95,210,236,225,184,46,0,248,24,11,1,9,141,250,243,9,221,233,160,11,147,2,55,8,23,12,253,9,0,54,0,231,6,3,
-        141,8,2,246,9,180,5,11,8,227,8,43,110,242,1,130,5,97,36,10,6,219,86,133,11,108,6,1,5,244,67,19,28,0,174,
-        154,16,127,149,252,188,196,196,228,244,9,249,0,0,0,37,170,32,250,0,73,255,23,3,224,234,38,195,198,0,255,87,
-        33,221,174,31,3,0,189,228,6,153,14,144,14,108,197,0,9,206,245,254,3,16,253,178,248,0,95,125,8,0,3,168,21,
-        23,168,19,50,240,244,185,0,1,144,10,168,31,82,1,13 };
-      static const CImg<Tuchar> colormap(pal,1,256,1,3,false);
-      return colormap;
-    }
-
-    //! Return colormap \e "hot", containing 256 colors entries in RGB.
-    /**
-       \return The following \c 256x1x1x3 colormap is returned:
-       \image html ref_colormap_hot.jpg
-    **/
-    static const CImg<Tuchar>& hot_LUT256() {
-      static CImg<Tuchar> colormap;
-      cimg::mutex(8);
-      if (!colormap) {
-        colormap.assign(1,4,1,3,0);
-        colormap[1] = colormap[2] = colormap[3] = colormap[6] = colormap[7] = colormap[11] = 255;
-        colormap.resize(1,256,1,3,3);
-      }
-      cimg::mutex(8,0);
-      return colormap;
-    }
-
-    //! Return colormap \e "cool", containing 256 colors entries in RGB.
-    /**
-       \return The following \c 256x1x1x3 colormap is returned:
-       \image html ref_colormap_cool.jpg
-    **/
-    static const CImg<Tuchar>& cool_LUT256() {
-      static CImg<Tuchar> colormap;
-      cimg::mutex(8);
-      if (!colormap) colormap.assign(1,2,1,3).fill(0,255,255,0,255,255).resize(1,256,1,3,3);
-      cimg::mutex(8,0);
-      return colormap;
-    }
-
-    //! Return colormap \e "jet", containing 256 colors entries in RGB.
-    /**
-       \return The following \c 256x1x1x3 colormap is returned:
-       \image html ref_colormap_jet.jpg
-    **/
-    static const CImg<Tuchar>& jet_LUT256() {
-      static CImg<Tuchar> colormap;
-      cimg::mutex(8);
-      if (!colormap) {
-        colormap.assign(1,4,1,3,0);
-        colormap[2] = colormap[3] = colormap[5] = colormap[6] = colormap[8] = colormap[9] = 255;
-        colormap.resize(1,256,1,3,3);
-      }
-      cimg::mutex(8,0);
-      return colormap;
-    }
-
-    //! Return colormap \e "flag", containing 256 colors entries in RGB.
-    /**
-       \return The following \c 256x1x1x3 colormap is returned:
-       \image html ref_colormap_flag.jpg
-    **/
-    static const CImg<Tuchar>& flag_LUT256() {
-      static CImg<Tuchar> colormap;
-      cimg::mutex(8);
-      if (!colormap) {
-        colormap.assign(1,4,1,3,0);
-        colormap[0] = colormap[1] = colormap[5] = colormap[9] = colormap[10] = 255;
-        colormap.resize(1,256,1,3,0,2);
-      }
-      cimg::mutex(8,0);
-      return colormap;
-    }
-
-    //! Return colormap \e "cube", containing 256 colors entries in RGB.
-    /**
-       \return The following \c 256x1x1x3 colormap is returned:
-       \image html ref_colormap_cube.jpg
-    **/
-    static const CImg<Tuchar>& cube_LUT256() {
-      static CImg<Tuchar> colormap;
-      cimg::mutex(8);
-      if (!colormap) {
-        colormap.assign(1,8,1,3,0);
-        colormap[1] = colormap[3] = colormap[5] = colormap[7] =
-          colormap[10] = colormap[11] = colormap[12] = colormap[13] =
-          colormap[20] = colormap[21] = colormap[22] = colormap[23] = 255;
-        colormap.resize(1,256,1,3,3);
-      }
-      cimg::mutex(8,0);
-      return colormap;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from sRGB to RGB color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& sRGBtoRGB() {
-      cimg_for(*this,ptr,T) {
-        const Tfloat
-          sval = (Tfloat)*ptr,
-          nsval = (sval<0?0:sval>255?255:sval)/255,
-          val = (Tfloat)(nsval<=0.04045f?nsval/12.92f:std::pow((nsval+0.055f)/(1.055f),2.4f));
-        *ptr = (T)(val*255);
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from sRGB to RGB color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_sRGBtoRGB() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).sRGBtoRGB();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to sRGB color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& RGBtosRGB() {
-      cimg_for(*this,ptr,T) {
-        const Tfloat
-          val = (Tfloat)*ptr,
-          nval = (val<0?0:val>255?255:val)/255,
-          sval = (Tfloat)(nval<=0.0031308f?nval*12.92f:1.055f*std::pow(nval,0.416667f)-0.055f);
-        *ptr = (T)(sval*255);
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to sRGB color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_RGBtosRGB() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).RGBtosRGB();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to HSV color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& RGBtoHSV() {
-      if (_spectrum!=3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "RGBtoHSV(): Instance is not a RGB image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
-      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
-        const Tfloat
-          R = (Tfloat)*p1,
-          G = (Tfloat)*p2,
-          B = (Tfloat)*p3,
-          nR = (R<0?0:(R>255?255:R))/255,
-          nG = (G<0?0:(G>255?255:G))/255,
-          nB = (B<0?0:(B>255?255:B))/255,
-          m = cimg::min(nR,nG,nB),
-          M = cimg::max(nR,nG,nB);
-        Tfloat H = 0, S = 0;
-        if (M!=m) {
-          const Tfloat
-            f = (nR==m)?(nG-nB):((nG==m)?(nB-nR):(nR-nG)),
-            i = (Tfloat)((nR==m)?3:((nG==m)?5:1));
-          H = (i-f/(M-m));
-          if (H>=6) H-=6;
-          H*=60;
-          S = (M-m)/M;
-        }
-        *(p1++) = (T)H;
-        *(p2++) = (T)S;
-        *(p3++) = (T)M;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to HSV color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_RGBtoHSV() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).RGBtoHSV();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from HSV to RGB color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& HSVtoRGB() {
-      if (_spectrum!=3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "HSVtoRGB(): Instance is not a HSV image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
-      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
-        Tfloat
-          H = (Tfloat)*p1,
-          S = (Tfloat)*p2,
-          V = (Tfloat)*p3,
-          R = 0, G = 0, B = 0;
-        if (H==0 && S==0) R = G = B = V;
-        else {
-          H/=60;
-          const int i = (int)std::floor(H);
-          const Tfloat
-            f = (i&1)?(H - i):(1 - H + i),
-            m = V*(1 - S),
-            n = V*(1 - S*f);
-          switch (i) {
-          case 6 :
-          case 0 : R = V; G = n; B = m; break;
-          case 1 : R = n; G = V; B = m; break;
-          case 2 : R = m; G = V; B = n; break;
-          case 3 : R = m; G = n; B = V; break;
-          case 4 : R = n; G = m; B = V; break;
-          case 5 : R = V; G = m; B = n; break;
-          }
-        }
-        R*=255; G*=255; B*=255;
-        *(p1++) = (T)(R<0?0:(R>255?255:R));
-        *(p2++) = (T)(G<0?0:(G>255?255:G));
-        *(p3++) = (T)(B<0?0:(B>255?255:B));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from HSV to RGB color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tuchar> get_HSVtoRGB() const {
-      return CImg<Tuchar>(*this,false).HSVtoRGB();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to HSL color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& RGBtoHSL() {
-      if (_spectrum!=3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "RGBtoHSL(): Instance is not a RGB image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
-      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
-        const Tfloat
-          R = (Tfloat)*p1,
-          G = (Tfloat)*p2,
-          B = (Tfloat)*p3,
-          nR = (R<0?0:(R>255?255:R))/255,
-          nG = (G<0?0:(G>255?255:G))/255,
-          nB = (B<0?0:(B>255?255:B))/255,
-          m = cimg::min(nR,nG,nB),
-          M = cimg::max(nR,nG,nB),
-          L = (m + M)/2;
-        Tfloat H = 0, S = 0;
-        if (M==m) H = S = 0;
-        else {
-          const Tfloat
-            f = (nR==m)?(nG-nB):((nG==m)?(nB-nR):(nR-nG)),
-            i = (nR==m)?3.0f:((nG==m)?5.0f:1.0f);
-          H = (i-f/(M-m));
-          if (H>=6) H-=6;
-          H*=60;
-          S = (2*L<=1)?((M-m)/(M+m)):((M-m)/(2-M-m));
-        }
-        *(p1++) = (T)H;
-        *(p2++) = (T)S;
-        *(p3++) = (T)L;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to HSL color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_RGBtoHSL() const {
-      return CImg< Tfloat>(*this,false).RGBtoHSL();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from HSL to RGB color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& HSLtoRGB() {
-      if (_spectrum!=3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "HSLtoRGB(): Instance is not a HSL image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
-      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
-        const Tfloat
-          H = (Tfloat)*p1,
-          S = (Tfloat)*p2,
-          L = (Tfloat)*p3,
-          q = 2*L<1?L*(1+S):(L+S-L*S),
-          p = 2*L-q,
-          h = H/360,
-          tr = h + 1.0f/3,
-          tg = h,
-          tb = h - 1.0f/3,
-          ntr = tr<0?tr+1:(tr>1?tr-1:tr),
-          ntg = tg<0?tg+1:(tg>1?tg-1:tg),
-          ntb = tb<0?tb+1:(tb>1?tb-1:tb),
-          R = 255*(6*ntr<1?p+(q-p)*6*ntr:(2*ntr<1?q:(3*ntr<2?p+(q-p)*6*(2.0f/3-ntr):p))),
-          G = 255*(6*ntg<1?p+(q-p)*6*ntg:(2*ntg<1?q:(3*ntg<2?p+(q-p)*6*(2.0f/3-ntg):p))),
-          B = 255*(6*ntb<1?p+(q-p)*6*ntb:(2*ntb<1?q:(3*ntb<2?p+(q-p)*6*(2.0f/3-ntb):p)));
-        *(p1++) = (T)(R<0?0:(R>255?255:R));
-        *(p2++) = (T)(G<0?0:(G>255?255:G));
-        *(p3++) = (T)(B<0?0:(B>255?255:B));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from HSL to RGB color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tuchar> get_HSLtoRGB() const {
-      return CImg<Tuchar>(*this,false).HSLtoRGB();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to HSI color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& RGBtoHSI() {
-      if (_spectrum!=3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "RGBtoHSI(): Instance is not a RGB image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
-      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
-        const Tfloat
-          R = (Tfloat)*p1,
-          G = (Tfloat)*p2,
-          B = (Tfloat)*p3,
-          nR = (R<0?0:(R>255?255:R))/255,
-          nG = (G<0?0:(G>255?255:G))/255,
-          nB = (B<0?0:(B>255?255:B))/255,
-          m = cimg::min(nR,nG,nB),
-          theta = (Tfloat)(std::acos(0.5f*((nR-nG)+(nR-nB))/std::sqrt(std::pow(nR-nG,2)+(nR-nB)*(nG-nB)))*180/cimg::PI),
-          sum = nR + nG + nB;
-        Tfloat H = 0, S = 0, I = 0;
-        if (theta>0) H = (nB<=nG)?theta:360-theta;
-        if (sum>0) S = 1 - 3/sum*m;
-        I = sum/3;
-        *(p1++) = (T)H;
-        *(p2++) = (T)S;
-        *(p3++) = (T)I;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to HSI color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_RGBtoHSI() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).RGBtoHSI();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from HSI to RGB color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& HSItoRGB() {
-      if (_spectrum!=3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "HSItoRGB(): Instance is not a HSI image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
-      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
-        Tfloat
-          H = (Tfloat)*p1,
-          S = (Tfloat)*p2,
-          I = (Tfloat)*p3,
-          a = I*(1-S),
-          R = 0, G = 0, B = 0;
-        if (H<120) {
-          B = a;
-          R = (Tfloat)(I*(1+S*std::cos(H*cimg::PI/180)/std::cos((60-H)*cimg::PI/180)));
-          G = 3*I-(R+B);
-        } else if (H<240) {
-          H-=120;
-          R = a;
-          G = (Tfloat)(I*(1+S*std::cos(H*cimg::PI/180)/std::cos((60-H)*cimg::PI/180)));
-          B = 3*I-(R+G);
-        } else {
-          H-=240;
-          G = a;
-          B = (Tfloat)(I*(1+S*std::cos(H*cimg::PI/180)/std::cos((60-H)*cimg::PI/180)));
-          R = 3*I-(G+B);
-        }
-        R*=255; G*=255; B*=255;
-        *(p1++) = (T)(R<0?0:(R>255?255:R));
-        *(p2++) = (T)(G<0?0:(G>255?255:G));
-        *(p3++) = (T)(B<0?0:(B>255?255:B));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from HSI to RGB color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_HSItoRGB() const {
-      return CImg< Tuchar>(*this,false).HSItoRGB();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to YCbCr color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& RGBtoYCbCr() {
-      if (_spectrum!=3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "RGBtoYCbCr(): Instance is not a RGB image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
-      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
-        const Tfloat
-          R = (Tfloat)*p1,
-          G = (Tfloat)*p2,
-          B = (Tfloat)*p3,
-          Y = (66*R + 129*G + 25*B + 128)/256 + 16,
-          Cb = (-38*R - 74*G + 112*B + 128)/256 + 128,
-          Cr = (112*R - 94*G - 18*B + 128)/256 + 128;
-        *(p1++) = (T)(Y<0?0:(Y>255?255:Y));
-        *(p2++) = (T)(Cb<0?0:(Cb>255?255:Cb));
-        *(p3++) = (T)(Cr<0?0:(Cr>255?255:Cr));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to YCbCr color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tuchar> get_RGBtoYCbCr() const {
-      return CImg<Tuchar>(*this,false).RGBtoYCbCr();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to YCbCr color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& YCbCrtoRGB() {
-      if (_spectrum!=3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "YCbCrtoRGB(): Instance is not a YCbCr image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
-      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
-        const Tfloat
-          Y = (Tfloat)*p1 - 16,
-          Cb = (Tfloat)*p2 - 128,
-          Cr = (Tfloat)*p3 - 128,
-          R = (298*Y + 409*Cr + 128)/256,
-          G = (298*Y - 100*Cb - 208*Cr + 128)/256,
-          B = (298*Y + 516*Cb + 128)/256;
-        *(p1++) = (T)(R<0?0:(R>255?255:R));
-        *(p2++) = (T)(G<0?0:(G>255?255:G));
-        *(p3++) = (T)(B<0?0:(B>255?255:B));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to YCbCr color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tuchar> get_YCbCrtoRGB() const {
-      return CImg<Tuchar>(*this,false).YCbCrtoRGB();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to YUV color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& RGBtoYUV() {
-      if (_spectrum!=3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "RGBtoYUV(): Instance is not a RGB image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
-      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
-        const Tfloat
-          R = (Tfloat)*p1/255,
-          G = (Tfloat)*p2/255,
-          B = (Tfloat)*p3/255,
-          Y = 0.299f*R + 0.587f*G + 0.114f*B;
-        *(p1++) = (T)Y;
-        *(p2++) = (T)(0.492f*(B-Y));
-        *(p3++) = (T)(0.877*(R-Y));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to YUV color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_RGBtoYUV() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).RGBtoYUV();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from YUV to RGB color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& YUVtoRGB() {
-      if (_spectrum!=3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "YUVtoRGB(): Instance is not a YUV image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
-      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
-        const Tfloat
-          Y = (Tfloat)*p1,
-          U = (Tfloat)*p2,
-          V = (Tfloat)*p3,
-          R = (Y + 1.140f*V)*255,
-          G = (Y - 0.395f*U - 0.581f*V)*255,
-          B = (Y + 2.032f*U)*255;
-        *(p1++) = (T)(R<0?0:(R>255?255:R));
-        *(p2++) = (T)(G<0?0:(G>255?255:G));
-        *(p3++) = (T)(B<0?0:(B>255?255:B));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from YUV to RGB color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tuchar> get_YUVtoRGB() const {
-      return CImg< Tuchar>(*this,false).YUVtoRGB();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to CMY color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& RGBtoCMY() {
-      if (_spectrum!=3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "RGBtoCMY(): Instance is not a RGB image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
-      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
-        const Tfloat
-          R = (Tfloat)*p1,
-          G = (Tfloat)*p2,
-          B = (Tfloat)*p3,
-          C = 255 - R,
-          M = 255 - G,
-          Y = 255 - B;
-        *(p1++) = (T)(C<0?0:(C>255?255:C));
-        *(p2++) = (T)(M<0?0:(M>255?255:M));
-        *(p3++) = (T)(Y<0?0:(Y>255?255:Y));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to CMY color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tuchar> get_RGBtoCMY() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).RGBtoCMY();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from CMY to RGB color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& CMYtoRGB() {
-      if (_spectrum!=3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "CMYtoRGB(): Instance is not a CMY image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
-      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
-        const Tfloat
-          C = (Tfloat)*p1,
-          M = (Tfloat)*p2,
-          Y = (Tfloat)*p3,
-          R = 255 - C,
-          G = 255 - M,
-          B = 255 - Y;
-        *(p1++) = (T)(R<0?0:(R>255?255:R));
-        *(p2++) = (T)(G<0?0:(G>255?255:G));
-        *(p3++) = (T)(B<0?0:(B>255?255:B));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from CMY to RGB color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tuchar> get_CMYtoRGB() const {
-      return CImg<Tuchar>(*this,false).CMYtoRGB();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from CMY to CMYK color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& CMYtoCMYK() {
-      return get_CMYtoCMYK().move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from CMY to CMYK color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tuchar> get_CMYtoCMYK() const {
-      if (_spectrum!=3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "CMYtoCMYK(): Instance is not a CMY image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      CImg<Tfloat> res(_width,_height,_depth,4);
-      const T *ps1 = data(0,0,0,0), *ps2 = data(0,0,0,1), *ps3 = data(0,0,0,2);
-      Tfloat *pd1 = res.data(0,0,0,0), *pd2 = res.data(0,0,0,1), *pd3 = res.data(0,0,0,2), *pd4 = res.data(0,0,0,3);
-      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
-        Tfloat
-	  C = (Tfloat)*(ps1++),
-	  M = (Tfloat)*(ps2++),
-	  Y = (Tfloat)*(ps3++),
-	  K = cimg::min(C,M,Y);
-	if (K>=255) C = M = Y = 0;
-	else { const Tfloat K1 = 255 - K; C = 255*(C - K)/K1; M = 255*(M - K)/K1; Y = 255*(Y - K)/K1; }
-        *(pd1++) = (Tfloat)(C<0?0:(C>255?255:C));
-        *(pd2++) = (Tfloat)(M<0?0:(M>255?255:M));
-        *(pd3++) = (Tfloat)(Y<0?0:(Y>255?255:Y));
-        *(pd4++) = (Tfloat)(K<0?0:(K>255?255:K));
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from CMYK to CMY color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& CMYKtoCMY() {
-      return get_CMYKtoCMY().move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from CMYK to CMY color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_CMYKtoCMY() const {
-      if (_spectrum!=4)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "CMYKtoCMY(): Instance is not a CMYK image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      CImg<Tfloat> res(_width,_height,_depth,3);
-      const T *ps1 = data(0,0,0,0), *ps2 = data(0,0,0,1), *ps3 = data(0,0,0,2), *ps4 = data(0,0,0,3);
-      Tfloat *pd1 = res.data(0,0,0,0), *pd2 = res.data(0,0,0,1), *pd3 = res.data(0,0,0,2);
-      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
-        const Tfloat
-	  C = (Tfloat)*(ps1++),
-	  M = (Tfloat)*(ps2++),
-	  Y = (Tfloat)*(ps3++),
-	  K = (Tfloat)*(ps4++),
-	  K1 = 1 - K/255,
-          nC = C*K1 + K,
-          nM = M*K1 + K,
-          nY = Y*K1 + K;
-        *(pd1++) = (Tfloat)(nC<0?0:(nC>255?255:nC));
-        *(pd2++) = (Tfloat)(nM<0?0:(nM>255?255:nM));
-        *(pd3++) = (Tfloat)(nY<0?0:(nY>255?255:nY));
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to XYZ_709 color spaces.
-    /**
-       \note Uses the standard D65 white point.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& RGBtoXYZ() {
-      if (_spectrum!=3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "RGBtoXYZ(): Instance is not a RGB image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
-      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
-        const Tfloat
-          R = (Tfloat)*p1/255,
-          G = (Tfloat)*p2/255,
-          B = (Tfloat)*p3/255;
-        *(p1++) = (T)(0.412453f*R + 0.357580f*G + 0.180423f*B);
-        *(p2++) = (T)(0.212671f*R + 0.715160f*G + 0.072169f*B);
-        *(p3++) = (T)(0.019334f*R + 0.119193f*G + 0.950227f*B);
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to XYZ_709 color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_RGBtoXYZ() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).RGBtoXYZ();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from XYZ_709 to RGB color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& XYZtoRGB() {
-      if (_spectrum!=3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "XYZtoRGB(): Instance is not a XYZ image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
-      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
-        const Tfloat
-          X = (Tfloat)*p1*255,
-          Y = (Tfloat)*p2*255,
-          Z = (Tfloat)*p3*255,
-          R = 3.240479f*X  - 1.537150f*Y - 0.498535f*Z,
-          G = -0.969256f*X + 1.875992f*Y + 0.041556f*Z,
-          B = 0.055648f*X  - 0.204043f*Y + 1.057311f*Z;
-        *(p1++) = (T)(R<0?0:(R>255?255:R));
-        *(p2++) = (T)(G<0?0:(G>255?255:G));
-        *(p3++) = (T)(B<0?0:(B>255?255:B));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from XYZ_709 to RGB color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tuchar> get_XYZtoRGB() const {
-      return CImg<Tuchar>(*this,false).XYZtoRGB();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from XYZ_709 to Lab color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& XYZtoLab() {
-#define _cimg_Labf(x) ((x)>=0.008856f?(std::pow(x,(Tfloat)1/3)):(7.787f*(x)+16.0f/116))
-
-      if (_spectrum!=3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "XYZtoLab(): Instance is not a XYZ image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      const Tfloat
-        Xn = (Tfloat)(0.412453f + 0.357580f + 0.180423f),
-        Yn = (Tfloat)(0.212671f + 0.715160f + 0.072169f),
-        Zn = (Tfloat)(0.019334f + 0.119193f + 0.950227f);
-      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
-      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
-        const Tfloat
-          X = (Tfloat)*p1,
-          Y = (Tfloat)*p2,
-          Z = (Tfloat)*p3,
-          XXn = X/Xn, YYn = Y/Yn, ZZn = Z/Zn,
-          fX = (Tfloat)_cimg_Labf(XXn),
-          fY = (Tfloat)_cimg_Labf(YYn),
-          fZ = (Tfloat)_cimg_Labf(ZZn);
-        *(p1++) = (T)cimg::max(0.0f,116*fY - 16);
-        *(p2++) = (T)(500*(fX - fY));
-        *(p3++) = (T)(200*(fY - fZ));
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from XYZ_709 to Lab color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_XYZtoLab() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).XYZtoLab();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from Lab to XYZ_709 color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& LabtoXYZ() {
-#define _cimg_Labfi(x) ((x)>=0.206893f?((x)*(x)*(x)):(((x)-16.0f/116)/7.787f))
-
-      if (_spectrum!=3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "LabtoXYZ(): Instance is not a Lab image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      const Tfloat
-        Xn = (Tfloat)(0.412453f + 0.357580f + 0.180423f),
-        Yn = (Tfloat)(0.212671f + 0.715160f + 0.072169f),
-        Zn = (Tfloat)(0.019334f + 0.119193f + 0.950227f);
-      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
-      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
-        const Tfloat
-          L = (Tfloat)*p1,
-          a = (Tfloat)*p2,
-          b = (Tfloat)*p3,
-          cY = (L + 16)/116,
-          Y = (Tfloat)(Yn*_cimg_Labfi(cY)),
-          pY = (Tfloat)std::pow(Y/Yn,(Tfloat)1/3),
-          cX = a/500 + pY,
-          X = Xn*cX*cX*cX,
-          cZ = pY - b/200,
-          Z = Zn*cZ*cZ*cZ;
-        *(p1++) = (T)(X);
-        *(p2++) = (T)(Y);
-        *(p3++) = (T)(Z);
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from Lab to XYZ_709 color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_LabtoXYZ() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).LabtoXYZ();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from XYZ_709 to xyY color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& XYZtoxyY() {
-      if (_spectrum!=3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "XYZtoxyY(): Instance is not a XYZ image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
-      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
-        const Tfloat
-          X = (Tfloat)*p1,
-          Y = (Tfloat)*p2,
-          Z = (Tfloat)*p3,
-          sum = (X+Y+Z),
-          nsum = sum>0?sum:1;
-        *(p1++) = (T)(X/nsum);
-        *(p2++) = (T)(Y/nsum);
-        *(p3++) = (T)Y;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from XYZ_709 to xyY color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_XYZtoxyY() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).XYZtoxyY();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from xyY pixels to XYZ_709 color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& xyYtoXYZ() {
-      if (_spectrum!=3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "xyYtoXYZ(): Instance is not a xyY image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
-      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
-        const Tfloat
-         px = (Tfloat)*p1,
-         py = (Tfloat)*p2,
-         Y = (Tfloat)*p3,
-         ny = py>0?py:1;
-        *(p1++) = (T)(px*Y/ny);
-        *(p2++) = (T)Y;
-        *(p3++) = (T)((1-px-py)*Y/ny);
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from xyY pixels to XYZ_709 color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_xyYtoXYZ() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).xyYtoXYZ();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to Lab color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& RGBtoLab() {
-      return RGBtoXYZ().XYZtoLab();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to Lab color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_RGBtoLab() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).RGBtoLab();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from Lab to RGB color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& LabtoRGB() {
-      return LabtoXYZ().XYZtoRGB();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from Lab to RGB color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tuchar> get_LabtoRGB() const {
-      return CImg<Tuchar>(*this,false).LabtoRGB();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to xyY color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& RGBtoxyY() {
-      return RGBtoXYZ().XYZtoxyY();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to xyY color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_RGBtoxyY() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).RGBtoxyY();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from xyY to RGB color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& xyYtoRGB() {
-      return xyYtoXYZ().XYZtoRGB();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from xyY to RGB color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tuchar> get_xyYtoRGB() const {
-      return CImg<Tuchar>(*this,false).xyYtoRGB();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to CMYK color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& RGBtoCMYK() {
-      return RGBtoCMY().CMYtoCMYK();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to CMYK color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_RGBtoCMYK() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).RGBtoCMYK();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from CMYK to RGB color spaces.
-    CImg<T>& CMYKtoRGB() {
-      return CMYKtoCMY().CMYtoRGB();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert pixel values from CMYK to RGB color spaces \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tuchar> get_CMYKtoRGB() const {
-      return CImg<Tuchar>(*this,false).CMYKtoRGB();
-    }
-
-    //! Convert RGB color image to a Bayer-coded scalar image.
-    /**
-       \note First (upper-left) pixel if the red component of the pixel color.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& RGBtoBayer() {
-      return get_RGBtoBayer().move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Convert RGB color image to a Bayer-coded scalar image \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_RGBtoBayer() const {
-      if (_spectrum!=3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "RGBtoBayer(): Instance is not a RGB image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      CImg<T> res(_width,_height,_depth,1);
-      const T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2);
-      T *ptrd = res._data;
-      cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
-        if (y%2) {
-          if (x%2) *(ptrd++) = *ptr_b;
-          else *(ptrd++) = *ptr_g;
-        } else {
-          if (x%2) *(ptrd++) = *ptr_g;
-          else *(ptrd++) = *ptr_r;
-        }
-        ++ptr_r; ++ptr_g; ++ptr_b;
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert Bayer-coded scalar image to a RGB color image.
-    CImg<T>& BayertoRGB(const unsigned int interpolation_type=3) {
-      return get_BayertoRGB(interpolation_type).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Convert Bayer-coded scalar image to a RGB color image \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tuchar> get_BayertoRGB(const unsigned int interpolation_type=3) const {
-      if (_spectrum!=1)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "BayertoRGB(): Instance is not a Bayer image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      CImg<Tuchar> res(_width,_height,_depth,3);
-      CImg_3x3(I,T);
-      Tuchar *ptr_r = res.data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = res.data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = res.data(0,0,0,2);
-      switch (interpolation_type) {
-      case 3 : { // Edge-directed
-        CImg_3x3(R,T);
-        CImg_3x3(G,T);
-        CImg_3x3(B,T);
-        cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
-          const int _p1x = x?x-1:1, _p1y = y?y-1:1, _n1x = x<width()-1?x+1:x-1, _n1y = y<height()-1?y+1:y-1;
-          cimg_get3x3(*this,x,y,z,0,I,T);
-          if (y%2) {
-            if (x%2) {
-              const Tfloat
-                alpha = cimg::sqr((Tfloat)Inc - Ipc),
-                beta = cimg::sqr((Tfloat)Icn - Icp),
-                cx = 1/(1+alpha), cy = 1/(1+beta);
-              *ptr_g = (Tuchar)((cx*(Inc+Ipc) + cy*(Icn+Icp))/(2*(cx+cy)));
-            } else *ptr_g = (Tuchar)Icc;
-          } else {
-            if (x%2) *ptr_g = (Tuchar)Icc;
-            else {
-              const Tfloat
-                alpha = cimg::sqr((Tfloat)Inc - Ipc),
-                beta = cimg::sqr((Tfloat)Icn - Icp),
-                cx = 1/(1+alpha), cy = 1/(1+beta);
-              *ptr_g = (Tuchar)((cx*(Inc+Ipc) + cy*(Icn+Icp))/(2*(cx+cy)));
-            }
-          }
-          ++ptr_g;
-        }
-        cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
-          const int _p1x = x?x-1:1, _p1y = y?y-1:1, _n1x = x<width()-1?x+1:x-1, _n1y = y<height()-1?y+1:y-1;
-          cimg_get3x3(*this,x,y,z,0,I,T);
-          cimg_get3x3(res,x,y,z,1,G,T);
-          if (y%2) {
-            if (x%2) *ptr_b = (Tuchar)Icc;
-            else { *ptr_r = (Tuchar)((Icn+Icp)/2); *ptr_b = (Tuchar)((Inc+Ipc)/2); }
-          } else {
-            if (x%2) { *ptr_r = (Tuchar)((Inc+Ipc)/2); *ptr_b = (Tuchar)((Icn+Icp)/2); }
-            else *ptr_r = (Tuchar)Icc;
-          }
-          ++ptr_r; ++ptr_b;
-        }
-        ptr_r = res.data(0,0,0,0);
-        ptr_g = res.data(0,0,0,1);
-        ptr_b = res.data(0,0,0,2);
-        cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
-          const int _p1x = x?x-1:1, _p1y = y?y-1:1, _n1x = x<width()-1?x+1:x-1, _n1y = y<height()-1?y+1:y-1;
-          cimg_get3x3(res,x,y,z,0,R,T);
-          cimg_get3x3(res,x,y,z,1,G,T);
-          cimg_get3x3(res,x,y,z,2,B,T);
-          if (y%2) {
-            if (x%2) {
-              const float
-                alpha = (float)cimg::sqr(Rnc-Rpc),
-                beta = (float)cimg::sqr(Rcn-Rcp),
-                cx = 1/(1+alpha), cy = 1/(1+beta);
-              *ptr_r = (Tuchar)((cx*(Rnc+Rpc) + cy*(Rcn+Rcp))/(2*(cx+cy)));
-            }
-          } else {
-            if (!(x%2)) {
-              const float
-                alpha = (float)cimg::sqr(Bnc-Bpc),
-                beta = (float)cimg::sqr(Bcn-Bcp),
-                cx = 1/(1+alpha), cy = 1/(1+beta);
-              *ptr_b = (Tuchar)((cx*(Bnc+Bpc) + cy*(Bcn+Bcp))/(2*(cx+cy)));
-            }
-          }
-          ++ptr_r; ++ptr_g; ++ptr_b;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 2 : { // Linear interpolation
-        cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
-          const int _p1x = x?x-1:1, _p1y = y?y-1:1, _n1x = x<width()-1?x+1:x-1, _n1y = y<height()-1?y+1:y-1;
-          cimg_get3x3(*this,x,y,z,0,I,T);
-          if (y%2) {
-            if (x%2) {
-              *ptr_r = (Tuchar)((Ipp+Inn+Ipn+Inp)/4); *ptr_g = (Tuchar)((Inc+Ipc+Icn+Icp)/4); *ptr_b = (Tuchar)Icc;
-            } else { *ptr_r = (Tuchar)((Icp+Icn)/2); *ptr_g = (Tuchar)Icc; *ptr_b = (Tuchar)((Inc+Ipc)/2); }
-          } else {
-            if (x%2) { *ptr_r = (Tuchar)((Ipc+Inc)/2); *ptr_g = (Tuchar)Icc; *ptr_b = (Tuchar)((Icn+Icp)/2); }
-            else {
-              *ptr_r = (Tuchar)Icc; *ptr_g = (Tuchar)((Inc+Ipc+Icn+Icp)/4); *ptr_b = (Tuchar)((Ipp+Inn+Ipn+Inp)/4);
-            }
-          }
-          ++ptr_r; ++ptr_g; ++ptr_b;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 1 : { // Nearest neighbor interpolation
-        cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
-          const int _p1x = x?x-1:1, _p1y = y?y-1:1, _n1x = x<width()-1?x+1:x-1, _n1y = y<height()-1?y+1:y-1;
-          cimg_get3x3(*this,x,y,z,0,I,T);
-          if (y%2) {
-            if (x%2) {
-              *ptr_r = (Tuchar)cimg::min(Ipp,Inn,Ipn,Inp);
-              *ptr_g = (Tuchar)cimg::min(Inc,Ipc,Icn,Icp);
-              *ptr_b = (Tuchar)Icc;
-            } else { *ptr_r = (Tuchar)cimg::min(Icn,Icp); *ptr_g = (Tuchar)Icc; *ptr_b = (Tuchar)cimg::min(Inc,Ipc); }
-          } else {
-            if (x%2) { *ptr_r = (Tuchar)cimg::min(Inc,Ipc); *ptr_g = (Tuchar)Icc; *ptr_b = (Tuchar)cimg::min(Icn,Icp); }
-            else {
-              *ptr_r = (Tuchar)Icc;
-              *ptr_g = (Tuchar)cimg::min(Inc,Ipc,Icn,Icp);
-              *ptr_b = (Tuchar)cimg::min(Ipp,Inn,Ipn,Inp);
-            }
-          }
-          ++ptr_r; ++ptr_g; ++ptr_b;
-        }
-      } break;
-      default : { // 0-filling interpolation
-        const T *ptrs = _data;
-        res.fill(0);
-        cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
-          const T val = *(ptrs++);
-          if (y%2) { if (x%2) *ptr_b = val; else *ptr_g = val; } else { if (x%2) *ptr_g = val; else *ptr_r = val; }
-          ++ptr_r; ++ptr_g; ++ptr_b;
-        }
-      }
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //------------------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Geometric / Spatial Manipulation
-    //@{
-    //------------------------------------------
-
-    static float _cimg_lanczos(const float x) {
-      if (x<=-2 || x>=2) return 0;
-      const float a = (float)cimg::PI*x, b = 0.5f*a;
-      return (float)(x?std::sin(a)*std::sin(b)/(a*b):1);
-    }
-
-    //! Resize image to new dimensions.
-    /**
-       \param size_x Number of columns (new size along the X-axis).
-       \param size_y Number of rows (new size along the Y-axis).
-       \param size_z Number of slices (new size along the Z-axis).
-       \param size_c Number of vector-channels (new size along the C-axis).
-       \param interpolation_type Method of interpolation:
-       - -1 = no interpolation: raw memory resizing.
-       - 0 = no interpolation: additional space is filled according to \p boundary_conditions.
-       - 1 = nearest-neighbor interpolation.
-       - 2 = moving average interpolation.
-       - 3 = linear interpolation.
-       - 4 = grid interpolation.
-       - 5 = cubic interpolation.
-       - 6 = lanczos interpolation.
-       \param boundary_conditions Border condition type.
-       \param centering_x Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
-       \param centering_y Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
-       \param centering_z Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
-       \param centering_c Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
-       \note If pd[x,y,z,v]<0, it corresponds to a percentage of the original size (the default value is -100).
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& resize(const int size_x, const int size_y=-100,
-                    const int size_z=-100, const int size_c=-100,
-                    const int interpolation_type=1, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=0,
-                    const float centering_x = 0, const float centering_y = 0,
-                    const float centering_z = 0, const float centering_c = 0) {
-      if (!size_x || !size_y || !size_z || !size_c) return assign();
-      const unsigned int
-        _sx = (unsigned int)(size_x<0?-size_x*width()/100:size_x),
-        _sy = (unsigned int)(size_y<0?-size_y*height()/100:size_y),
-        _sz = (unsigned int)(size_z<0?-size_z*depth()/100:size_z),
-        _sc = (unsigned int)(size_c<0?-size_c*spectrum()/100:size_c),
-        sx = _sx?_sx:1, sy = _sy?_sy:1, sz = _sz?_sz:1, sc = _sc?_sc:1;
-      if (sx==_width && sy==_height && sz==_depth && sc==_spectrum) return *this;
-      if (is_empty()) return assign(sx,sy,sz,sc,(T)0);
-      if (interpolation_type==-1 && sx*sy*sz*sc==size()) {
-	_width = sx; _height = sy; _depth = sz; _spectrum = sc;
-	return *this;
-      }
-      return get_resize(sx,sy,sz,sc,interpolation_type,boundary_conditions,
-                        centering_x,centering_y,centering_z,centering_c).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Resize image to new dimensions \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_resize(const int size_x, const int size_y = -100,
-                       const int size_z = -100, const int size_c = -100,
-                       const int interpolation_type=1, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=0,
-                       const float centering_x = 0, const float centering_y = 0,
-                       const float centering_z = 0, const float centering_c = 0) const {
-      if (centering_x<0 || centering_x>1 || centering_y<0 || centering_y>1 ||
-          centering_z<0 || centering_z>1 || centering_c<0 || centering_c>1)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "resize(): Specified centering arguments (%g,%g,%g,%g) are outside range [0,1].",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    centering_x,centering_y,centering_z,centering_c);
-
-      if (!size_x || !size_y || !size_z || !size_c) return CImg<T>();
-      const unsigned int
-        _sx = (unsigned int)(size_x<0?-size_x*width()/100:size_x),
-        _sy = (unsigned int)(size_y<0?-size_y*height()/100:size_y),
-        _sz = (unsigned int)(size_z<0?-size_z*depth()/100:size_z),
-        _sc = (unsigned int)(size_c<0?-size_c*spectrum()/100:size_c),
-        sx = _sx?_sx:1, sy = _sy?_sy:1, sz = _sz?_sz:1, sc = _sc?_sc:1;
-      if (sx==_width && sy==_height && sz==_depth && sc==_spectrum) return +*this;
-      if (is_empty()) return CImg<T>(sx,sy,sz,sc,0);
-
-      CImg<T> res;
-      switch (interpolation_type) {
-
-        // Raw resizing.
-        //
-      case -1 :
-        std::memcpy(res.assign(sx,sy,sz,sc,0)._data,_data,sizeof(T)*cimg::min(size(),sx*sy*sz*sc));
-        break;
-
-        // No interpolation.
-        //
-      case 0 : {
-        const int
-          xc = (int)(centering_x*((int)sx - width())),
-          yc = (int)(centering_y*((int)sy - height())),
-          zc = (int)(centering_z*((int)sz - depth())),
-          cc = (int)(centering_c*((int)sc - spectrum()));
-
-        switch (boundary_conditions) {
-        case 2 : { // Periodic borders.
-          res.assign(sx,sy,sz,sc);
-          const int
-            x0 = ((int)xc%width()) - width(),
-            y0 = ((int)yc%height()) - height(),
-            z0 = ((int)zc%depth()) - depth(),
-            c0 = ((int)cc%spectrum()) - spectrum();
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=65536)
-#endif
-          for (int c = c0; c<(int)sc; c+=spectrum())
-            for (int z = z0; z<(int)sz; z+=depth())
-              for (int y = y0; y<(int)sy; y+=height())
-                for (int x = x0; x<(int)sx; x+=width())
-                  res.draw_image(x,y,z,c,*this);
-        } break;
-        case 1 : { // Neumann borders.
-          res.assign(sx,sy,sz,sc).draw_image(xc,yc,zc,cc,*this);
-          CImg<T> sprite;
-          if (xc>0) {  // X-backward
-            res.get_crop(xc,yc,zc,cc,xc,yc+height()-1,zc+depth()-1,cc+spectrum()-1).move_to(sprite);
-            for (int x = xc-1; x>=0; --x) res.draw_image(x,yc,zc,cc,sprite);
-          }
-          if (xc+width()<(int)sx) { // X-forward
-            res.get_crop(xc+width()-1,yc,zc,cc,xc+width()-1,yc+height()-1,zc+depth()-1,cc+spectrum()-1).move_to(sprite);
-            for (int x = xc+width(); x<(int)sx; ++x) res.draw_image(x,yc,zc,cc,sprite);
-          }
-          if (yc>0) {  // Y-backward
-            res.get_crop(0,yc,zc,cc,sx-1,yc,zc+depth()-1,cc+spectrum()-1).move_to(sprite);
-            for (int y = yc-1; y>=0; --y) res.draw_image(0,y,zc,cc,sprite);
-          }
-          if (yc+height()<(int)sy) { // Y-forward
-            res.get_crop(0,yc+height()-1,zc,cc,sx-1,yc+height()-1,zc+depth()-1,cc+spectrum()-1).move_to(sprite);
-            for (int y = yc+height(); y<(int)sy; ++y) res.draw_image(0,y,zc,cc,sprite);
-          }
-          if (zc>0) {  // Z-backward
-            res.get_crop(0,0,zc,cc,sx-1,sy-1,zc,cc+spectrum()-1).move_to(sprite);
-            for (int z = zc-1; z>=0; --z) res.draw_image(0,0,z,cc,sprite);
-          }
-          if (zc+depth()<(int)sz) { // Z-forward
-            res.get_crop(0,0,zc+depth()-1,cc,sx-1,sy-1,zc+depth()-1,cc+spectrum()-1).move_to(sprite);
-            for (int z = zc+depth(); z<(int)sz; ++z) res.draw_image(0,0,z,cc,sprite);
-          }
-          if (cc>0) {  // C-backward
-            res.get_crop(0,0,0,cc,sx-1,sy-1,sz-1,cc).move_to(sprite);
-            for (int c = cc-1; c>=0; --c) res.draw_image(0,0,0,c,sprite);
-          }
-          if (cc+spectrum()<(int)sc) { // C-forward
-            res.get_crop(0,0,0,cc+spectrum()-1,sx-1,sy-1,sz-1,cc+spectrum()-1).move_to(sprite);
-            for (int c = cc+spectrum(); c<(int)sc; ++c) res.draw_image(0,0,0,c,sprite);
-          }
-        } break;
-        default : // Dirichlet borders.
-          res.assign(sx,sy,sz,sc,0).draw_image(xc,yc,zc,cc,*this);
-        }
-        break;
-      } break;
-
-        // Nearest neighbor interpolation.
-        //
-      case 1 : {
-        res.assign(sx,sy,sz,sc);
-        CImg<ulongT> off_x(sx), off_y(sy+1), off_z(sz+1), off_c(sc+1);
-        const unsigned long
-          wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height,
-          whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth,
-          sxy = (unsigned long)sx*sy,
-          sxyz = (unsigned long)sx*sy*sz;
-        if (sx==_width) off_x.fill(1);
-        else {
-          unsigned long *poff_x = off_x._data, curr = 0;
-          cimg_forX(res,x) { const unsigned long old = curr; curr = ((x+1LU)*_width/sx); *(poff_x++) = curr - old; }
-        }
-        if (sy==_height) off_y.fill(_width);
-        else {
-          unsigned long *poff_y = off_y._data, curr = 0;
-          cimg_forY(res,y) {
-            const unsigned long old = curr;
-            curr = ((y+1LU)*_height/sy);
-            *(poff_y++) = _width*(curr - old);
-          }
-          *poff_y = 0;
-        }
-        if (sz==_depth) off_z.fill(wh);
-        else {
-          unsigned long *poff_z = off_z._data, curr = 0;
-          cimg_forZ(res,z) {
-            const unsigned long old = curr;
-            curr = ((z+1LU)*_depth/sz);
-            *(poff_z++) = wh*(curr - old);
-          }
-          *poff_z = 0;
-        }
-        if (sc==_spectrum) off_c.fill(whd);
-        else {
-          unsigned long *poff_c = off_c._data, curr = 0;
-          cimg_forC(res,c) {
-            const unsigned long old = curr;
-            curr = ((c+1LU)*_spectrum/sc);
-            *(poff_c++) = whd*(curr - old);
-          }
-          *poff_c = 0;
-        }
-
-        T *ptrd = res._data;
-        const T* ptrc = _data;
-        const unsigned long *poff_c = off_c._data;
-        for (unsigned int c = 0; c<sc; ) {
-          const T *ptrz = ptrc;
-          const unsigned long *poff_z = off_z._data;
-          for (unsigned int z = 0; z<sz; ) {
-            const T *ptry = ptrz;
-            const unsigned long *poff_y = off_y._data;
-            for (unsigned int y = 0; y<sy; ) {
-              const T *ptrx = ptry;
-              const unsigned long *poff_x = off_x._data;
-              cimg_forX(res,x) { *(ptrd++) = *ptrx; ptrx+=*(poff_x++); }
-              ++y;
-              unsigned long dy = *(poff_y++);
-              for (;!dy && y<dy; std::memcpy(ptrd,ptrd - sx,sizeof(T)*sx), ++y, ptrd+=sx, dy = *(poff_y++)) {}
-              ptry+=dy;
-            }
-            ++z;
-            unsigned long dz = *(poff_z++);
-            for (;!dz && z<dz; std::memcpy(ptrd,ptrd-sxy,sizeof(T)*sxy), ++z, ptrd+=sxy, dz = *(poff_z++)) {}
-            ptrz+=dz;
-          }
-          ++c;
-          unsigned long dc = *(poff_c++);
-          for (;!dc && c<dc; std::memcpy(ptrd,ptrd-sxyz,sizeof(T)*sxyz), ++c, ptrd+=sxyz, dc = *(poff_c++)) {}
-          ptrc+=dc;
-        }
-      } break;
-
-        // Moving average.
-        //
-      case 2 : {
-        bool instance_first = true;
-        if (sx!=_width) {
-          CImg<Tfloat> tmp(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum,0);
-          for (unsigned int a = _width*sx, b = _width, c = sx, s = 0, t = 0; a; ) {
-            const unsigned int d = cimg::min(b,c);
-            a-=d; b-=d; c-=d;
-            cimg_forYZC(tmp,y,z,v) tmp(t,y,z,v)+=(Tfloat)(*this)(s,y,z,v)*d;
-            if (!b) {
-              cimg_forYZC(tmp,y,z,v) tmp(t,y,z,v)/=_width;
-              ++t;
-              b = _width;
-            }
-            if (!c) { ++s; c = sx; }
-          }
-          tmp.move_to(res);
-          instance_first = false;
-        }
-        if (sy!=_height) {
-          CImg<Tfloat> tmp(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum,0);
-          for (unsigned int a = _height*sy, b = _height, c = sy, s = 0, t = 0; a; ) {
-            const unsigned int d = cimg::min(b,c);
-            a-=d; b-=d; c-=d;
-            if (instance_first)
-              cimg_forXZC(tmp,x,z,v) tmp(x,t,z,v)+=(Tfloat)(*this)(x,s,z,v)*d;
-            else
-              cimg_forXZC(tmp,x,z,v) tmp(x,t,z,v)+=(Tfloat)res(x,s,z,v)*d;
-            if (!b) {
-              cimg_forXZC(tmp,x,z,v) tmp(x,t,z,v)/=_height;
-              ++t;
-              b = _height;
-            }
-            if (!c) { ++s; c = sy; }
-          }
-          tmp.move_to(res);
-          instance_first = false;
-        }
-        if (sz!=_depth) {
-          CImg<Tfloat> tmp(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum,0);
-          for (unsigned int a = _depth*sz, b = _depth, c = sz, s = 0, t = 0; a; ) {
-            const unsigned int d = cimg::min(b,c);
-            a-=d; b-=d; c-=d;
-            if (instance_first)
-              cimg_forXYC(tmp,x,y,v) tmp(x,y,t,v)+=(Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,s,v)*d;
-            else
-              cimg_forXYC(tmp,x,y,v) tmp(x,y,t,v)+=(Tfloat)res(x,y,s,v)*d;
-            if (!b) {
-              cimg_forXYC(tmp,x,y,v) tmp(x,y,t,v)/=_depth;
-              ++t;
-              b = _depth;
-            }
-            if (!c) { ++s; c = sz; }
-          }
-          tmp.move_to(res);
-          instance_first = false;
-        }
-        if (sc!=_spectrum) {
-          CImg<Tfloat> tmp(sx,sy,sz,sc,0);
-          for (unsigned int a = _spectrum*sc, b = _spectrum, c = sc, s = 0, t = 0; a; ) {
-            const unsigned int d = cimg::min(b,c);
-            a-=d; b-=d; c-=d;
-            if (instance_first)
-              cimg_forXYZ(tmp,x,y,z) tmp(x,y,z,t)+=(Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z,s)*d;
-            else
-              cimg_forXYZ(tmp,x,y,z) tmp(x,y,z,t)+=(Tfloat)res(x,y,z,s)*d;
-            if (!b) {
-              cimg_forXYZ(tmp,x,y,z) tmp(x,y,z,t)/=_spectrum;
-              ++t;
-              b = _spectrum;
-            }
-            if (!c) { ++s; c = sc; }
-          }
-          tmp.move_to(res);
-          instance_first = false;
-        }
-      } break;
-
-        // Linear interpolation.
-        //
-      case 3 : {
-        CImg<uintT> off(cimg::max(sx,sy,sz,sc));
-        CImg<floatT> foff(off._width);
-        CImg<T> resx, resy, resz, resc;
-
-        if (sx!=_width) {
-          if (_width==1) get_resize(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum,1).move_to(resx);
-          else {
-            if (_width>sx) get_resize(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum,2).move_to(resx);
-            else {
-              const float fx = (!boundary_conditions && sx>_width)?(sx>1?(_width-1.0f)/(sx-1):0):(float)_width/sx;
-              resx.assign(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-              float curr = 0, old = 0;
-              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-              float *pfoff = foff._data;
-              cimg_forX(resx,x) {
-                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
-                old = curr;
-                curr+=fx;
-                *(poff++) = (unsigned int)curr - (unsigned int)old;
-              }
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resx.size()>=65536)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(resx,y,z,c) {
-                const T *ptrs = data(0,y,z,c), *const ptrsmax = ptrs + (_width-1);
-                T *ptrd = resx.data(0,y,z,c);
-                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
-                cimg_forX(resx,x) {
-                  const float alpha = *(pfoff++);
-                  const T val1 = *ptrs, val2 = ptrs<ptrsmax?*(ptrs+1):val1;
-                  *(ptrd++) = (T)((1-alpha)*val1 + alpha*val2);
-                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        } else resx.assign(*this,true);
-
-        if (sy!=_height) {
-          if (_height==1) resx.get_resize(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum,1).move_to(resy);
-          else {
-            if (_height>sy) resx.get_resize(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum,2).move_to(resy);
-            else {
-              const float fy = (!boundary_conditions && sy>_height)?(sy>1?(_height-1.0f)/(sy-1):0):(float)_height/sy;
-              resy.assign(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum);
-              float curr = 0, old = 0;
-              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-              float *pfoff = foff._data;
-              cimg_forY(resy,y) {
-                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
-                old = curr;
-                curr+=fy;
-                *(poff++) = sx*((unsigned int)curr-(unsigned int)old);
-              }
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resy.size()>=65536)
-#endif
-              cimg_forXZC(resy,x,z,c) {
-                const T *ptrs = resx.data(x,0,z,c), *const ptrsmax = ptrs + (_height-1)*sx;
-                T *ptrd = resy.data(x,0,z,c);
-                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
-                cimg_forY(resy,y) {
-                  const float alpha = *(pfoff++);
-                  const T val1 = *ptrs, val2 = ptrs<ptrsmax?*(ptrs+sx):val1;
-                  *ptrd = (T)((1-alpha)*val1 + alpha*val2);
-                  ptrd+=sx;
-                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          resx.assign();
-        } else resy.assign(resx,true);
-
-        if (sz!=_depth) {
-          if (_depth==1) resy.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum,1).move_to(resz);
-          else {
-            if (_depth>sz) resy.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum,2).move_to(resz);
-            else {
-              const float fz = (!boundary_conditions && sz>_depth)?(sz>1?(_depth-1.0f)/(sz-1):0):(float)_depth/sz;
-              const unsigned int sxy = sx*sy;
-              resz.assign(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum);
-              float curr = 0, old = 0;
-              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-              float *pfoff = foff._data;
-              cimg_forZ(resz,z) {
-                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
-                old = curr;
-                curr+=fz;
-                *(poff++) = sxy*((unsigned int)curr - (unsigned int)old);
-              }
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resz.size()>=65536)
-#endif
-              cimg_forXYC(resz,x,y,c) {
-                const T *ptrs = resy.data(x,y,0,c), *const ptrsmax = ptrs + (_depth-1)*sxy;
-                T *ptrd = resz.data(x,y,0,c);
-                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
-                cimg_forZ(resz,z) {
-                  const float alpha = *(pfoff++);
-                  const T val1 = *ptrs, val2 = ptrs<ptrsmax?*(ptrs+sxy):val1;
-                  *ptrd = (T)((1-alpha)*val1 + alpha*val2);
-                  ptrd+=sxy;
-                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          resy.assign();
-        } else resz.assign(resy,true);
-
-        if (sc!=_spectrum) {
-          if (_spectrum==1) resz.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,sc,1).move_to(resc);
-          else {
-            if (_spectrum>sc) resz.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,sc,2).move_to(resc);
-            else {
-              const float fc = (!boundary_conditions && sc>_spectrum)?(sc>1?(_spectrum-1.0f)/(sc-1):0):
-                (float)_spectrum/sc;
-              const unsigned int sxyz = sx*sy*sz;
-              resc.assign(sx,sy,sz,sc);
-              float curr = 0, old = 0;
-              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-              float *pfoff = foff._data;
-              cimg_forC(resc,c) {
-                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
-                old = curr;
-                curr+=fc;
-                *(poff++) = sxyz*((unsigned int)curr - (unsigned int)old);
-              }
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resc.size()>=65536)
-#endif
-              cimg_forXYZ(resc,x,y,z) {
-                const T *ptrs = resz.data(x,y,z,0), *const ptrsmax = ptrs + (_spectrum-1)*sxyz;
-                T *ptrd = resc.data(x,y,z,0);
-                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
-                cimg_forC(resc,c) {
-                  const float alpha = *(pfoff++);
-                  const T val1 = *ptrs, val2 = ptrs<ptrsmax?*(ptrs+sxyz):val1;
-                  *ptrd = (T)((1-alpha)*val1 + alpha*val2);
-                  ptrd+=sxyz;
-                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          resz.assign();
-        } else resc.assign(resz,true);
-        return resc._is_shared?(resz._is_shared?(resy._is_shared?(resx._is_shared?(+(*this)):resx):resy):resz):resc;
-      } break;
-
-        // Grid interpolation.
-        //
-      case 4 : {
-        CImg<T> resx, resy, resz, resc;
-        if (sx!=_width) {
-          if (sx<_width) get_resize(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum,1).move_to(resx);
-          else {
-            resx.assign(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum,0);
-            const int dx = sx*2, dy = width()*2;
-            int err = (int)(dy + centering_x*(sx*dy/width() - dy)), xs = 0;
-            cimg_forX(resx,x) if ((err-=dy)<=0) {
-              cimg_forYZC(resx,y,z,c) resx(x,y,z,c) = (*this)(xs,y,z,c);
-              ++xs;
-              err+=dx;
-            }
-          }
-        } else resx.assign(*this,true);
-
-        if (sy!=_height) {
-          if (sy<_height) resx.get_resize(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum,1).move_to(resy);
-          else {
-            resy.assign(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum,0);
-            const int dx = sy*2, dy = height()*2;
-            int err = (int)(dy + centering_y*(sy*dy/height() - dy)), ys = 0;
-            cimg_forY(resy,y) if ((err-=dy)<=0) {
-              cimg_forXZC(resy,x,z,c) resy(x,y,z,c) = resx(x,ys,z,c);
-              ++ys;
-              err+=dx;
-            }
-          }
-          resx.assign();
-        } else resy.assign(resx,true);
-
-        if (sz!=_depth) {
-          if (sz<_depth) resy.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum,1).move_to(resz);
-          else {
-            resz.assign(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum,0);
-            const int dx = sz*2, dy = depth()*2;
-            int err = (int)(dy + centering_z*(sz*dy/depth() - dy)), zs = 0;
-            cimg_forZ(resz,z) if ((err-=dy)<=0) {
-              cimg_forXYC(resz,x,y,c) resz(x,y,z,c) = resy(x,y,zs,c);
-              ++zs;
-              err+=dx;
-            }
-          }
-          resy.assign();
-        } else resz.assign(resy,true);
-
-        if (sc!=_spectrum) {
-          if (sc<_spectrum) resz.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,sc,1).move_to(resc);
-          else {
-            resc.assign(sx,sy,sz,sc,0);
-            const int dx = sc*2, dy = spectrum()*2;
-            int err = (int)(dy + centering_c*(sc*dy/spectrum() - dy)), cs = 0;
-            cimg_forC(resc,c) if ((err-=dy)<=0) {
-              cimg_forXYZ(resc,x,y,z) resc(x,y,z,c) = resz(x,y,z,cs);
-              ++cs;
-              err+=dx;
-            }
-          }
-          resz.assign();
-        } else resc.assign(resz,true);
-
-        return resc._is_shared?(resz._is_shared?(resy._is_shared?(resx._is_shared?(+(*this)):resx):resy):resz):resc;
-      } break;
-
-        // Cubic interpolation.
-        //
-      case 5 : {
-        const Tfloat vmin = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::min(), vmax = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::max();
-        CImg<uintT> off(cimg::max(sx,sy,sz,sc));
-        CImg<floatT> foff(off._width);
-        CImg<T> resx, resy, resz, resc;
-
-        if (sx!=_width) {
-          if (_width==1) get_resize(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum,1).move_to(resx);
-          else {
-            if (_width>sx) get_resize(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum,2).move_to(resx);
-            else {
-              const float fx = (!boundary_conditions && sx>_width)?(sx>1?(_width-1.0f)/(sx-1):0):(float)_width/sx;
-              resx.assign(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-              float curr = 0, old = 0;
-              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-              float *pfoff = foff._data;
-              cimg_forX(resx,x) {
-                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
-                old = curr;
-                curr+=fx;
-                *(poff++) = (unsigned int)curr - (unsigned int)old;
-              }
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resx.size()>=65536)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(resx,y,z,c) {
-                const T *const ptrs0 = data(0,y,z,c), *ptrs = ptrs0, *const ptrsmax = ptrs + (_width-2);
-                T *ptrd = resx.data(0,y,z,c);
-                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
-                cimg_forX(resx,x) {
-                  const float t = *(pfoff++);
-                  const Tfloat
-                    val1 = (Tfloat)*ptrs,
-                    val0 = ptrs>ptrs0?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-1):val1,
-                    val2 = ptrs<=ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+1):val1,
-                    val3 = ptrs<ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+2):val2,
-                    val = val1 + 0.5f*(t*(-val0+val2) + t*t*(2*val0-5*val1+4*val2-val3) +
-                                       t*t*t*(-val0+3*val1-3*val2+val3));
-                  *(ptrd++) = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
-                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        } else resx.assign(*this,true);
-
-        if (sy!=_height) {
-          if (_height==1) resx.get_resize(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum,1).move_to(resy);
-          else {
-            if (_height>sy) resx.get_resize(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum,2).move_to(resy);
-            else {
-              const float fy = (!boundary_conditions && sy>_height)?(sy>1?(_height-1.0f)/(sy-1):0):(float)_height/sy;
-              resy.assign(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum);
-              float curr = 0, old = 0;
-              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-              float *pfoff = foff._data;
-              cimg_forY(resy,y) {
-                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
-                old = curr;
-                curr+=fy;
-                *(poff++) = sx*((unsigned int)curr-(unsigned int)old);
-              }
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resy.size()>=65536)
-#endif
-              cimg_forXZC(resy,x,z,c) {
-                const T *const ptrs0 = resx.data(x,0,z,c), *ptrs = ptrs0, *const ptrsmax = ptrs + (_height-2)*sx;
-                T *ptrd = resy.data(x,0,z,c);
-                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
-                cimg_forY(resy,y) {
-                  const float t = *(pfoff++);
-                  const Tfloat
-                    val1 = (Tfloat)*ptrs,
-                    val0 = ptrs>ptrs0?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-sx):val1,
-                    val2 = ptrs<=ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+sx):val1,
-                    val3 = ptrs<ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+2*sx):val2,
-                    val = val1 + 0.5f*(t*(-val0+val2) + t*t*(2*val0-5*val1+4*val2-val3) +
-                                       t*t*t*(-val0+3*val1-3*val2+val3));
-                  *ptrd = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
-                  ptrd+=sx;
-                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          resx.assign();
-        } else resy.assign(resx,true);
-
-        if (sz!=_depth) {
-          if (_depth==1) resy.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum,1).move_to(resz);
-          else {
-            if (_depth>sz) resy.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum,2).move_to(resz);
-            else {
-              const float fz = (!boundary_conditions && sz>_depth)?(sz>1?(_depth-1.0f)/(sz-1):0):(float)_depth/sz;
-              const unsigned int sxy = sx*sy;
-              resz.assign(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum);
-              float curr = 0, old = 0;
-              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-              float *pfoff = foff._data;
-              cimg_forZ(resz,z) {
-                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
-                old = curr;
-                curr+=fz;
-                *(poff++) = sxy*((unsigned int)curr - (unsigned int)old);
-              }
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resz.size()>=65536)
-#endif
-              cimg_forXYC(resz,x,y,c) {
-                const T *const ptrs0 = resy.data(x,y,0,c), *ptrs = ptrs0, *const ptrsmax = ptrs + (_depth-2)*sxy;
-                T *ptrd = resz.data(x,y,0,c);
-                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
-                cimg_forZ(resz,z) {
-                  const float t = *(pfoff++);
-                  const Tfloat
-                    val1 = (Tfloat)*ptrs,
-                    val0 = ptrs>ptrs0?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-sxy):val1,
-                    val2 = ptrs<=ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+sxy):val1,
-                    val3 = ptrs<ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+2*sxy):val2,
-                    val = val1 + 0.5f*(t*(-val0+val2) + t*t*(2*val0-5*val1+4*val2-val3) +
-                                       t*t*t*(-val0+3*val1-3*val2+val3));
-                  *ptrd = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
-                  ptrd+=sxy;
-                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          resy.assign();
-        } else resz.assign(resy,true);
-
-        if (sc!=_spectrum) {
-          if (_spectrum==1) resz.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,sc,1).move_to(resc);
-          else {
-            if (_spectrum>sc) resz.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,sc,2).move_to(resc);
-            else {
-              const float fc = (!boundary_conditions && sc>_spectrum)?(sc>1?(_spectrum-1.0f)/(sc-1):0):
-                (float)_spectrum/sc;
-              const unsigned int sxyz = sx*sy*sz;
-              resc.assign(sx,sy,sz,sc);
-              float curr = 0, old = 0;
-              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-              float *pfoff = foff._data;
-              cimg_forC(resc,c) {
-                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
-                old = curr;
-                curr+=fc;
-                *(poff++) = sxyz*((unsigned int)curr - (unsigned int)old);
-              }
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resc.size()>=65536)
-#endif
-              cimg_forXYZ(resc,x,y,z) {
-                const T *const ptrs0 = resz.data(x,y,z,0), *ptrs = ptrs0, *const ptrsmax = ptrs + (_spectrum-2)*sxyz;
-                T *ptrd = resc.data(x,y,z,0);
-                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
-                cimg_forC(resc,c) {
-                  const float t = *(pfoff++);
-                  const Tfloat
-                    val1 = (Tfloat)*ptrs,
-                    val0 = ptrs>ptrs0?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-sxyz):val1,
-                    val2 = ptrs<=ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+sxyz):val1,
-                    val3 = ptrs<ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+2*sxyz):val2,
-                    val = val1 + 0.5f*(t*(-val0+val2) + t*t*(2*val0-5*val1+4*val2-val3) +
-                                       t*t*t*(-val0+3*val1-3*val2+val3));
-                  *ptrd = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
-                  ptrd+=sxyz;
-                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          resz.assign();
-        } else resc.assign(resz,true);
-
-        return resc._is_shared?(resz._is_shared?(resy._is_shared?(resx._is_shared?(+(*this)):resx):resy):resz):resc;
-      } break;
-
-        // Lanczos interpolation.
-        //
-      case 6 : {
-        const Tfloat vmin = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::min(), vmax = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::max();
-        CImg<uintT> off(cimg::max(sx,sy,sz,sc));
-        CImg<floatT> foff(off._width);
-        CImg<T> resx, resy, resz, resc;
-
-        if (sx!=_width) {
-          if (_width==1) get_resize(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum,1).move_to(resx);
-          else {
-            if (_width>sx) get_resize(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum,2).move_to(resx);
-            else {
-              const float fx = (!boundary_conditions && sx>_width)?(sx>1?(_width-1.0f)/(sx-1):0):(float)_width/sx;
-              resx.assign(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-              float curr = 0, old = 0;
-              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-              float *pfoff = foff._data;
-              cimg_forX(resx,x) {
-                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
-                old = curr;
-                curr+=fx;
-                *(poff++) = (unsigned int)curr - (unsigned int)old;
-              }
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resx.size()>=65536)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(resx,y,z,c) {
-                const T *const ptrs0 = data(0,y,z,c), *ptrs = ptrs0, *const ptrsmin = ptrs0 + 1,
-                  *const ptrsmax = ptrs0 + (_width-2);
-                T *ptrd = resx.data(0,y,z,c);
-                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
-                cimg_forX(resx,x) {
-                  const float
-                    t = *(pfoff++),
-                    w0 = _cimg_lanczos(t+2),
-                    w1 = _cimg_lanczos(t+1),
-                    w2 = _cimg_lanczos(t),
-                    w3 = _cimg_lanczos(t-1),
-                    w4 = _cimg_lanczos(t-2);
-                  const Tfloat
-                    val2 = (Tfloat)*ptrs,
-                    val1 = ptrs>=ptrsmin?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-1):val2,
-                    val0 = ptrs>ptrsmin?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-2):val1,
-                    val3 = ptrs<=ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+1):val2,
-                    val4 = ptrs<ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+2):val3,
-                    val = (val0*w0 + val1*w1 + val2*w2 + val3*w3 + val4*w4)/(w1 + w2 + w3 + w4);
-                  *(ptrd++) = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
-                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        } else resx.assign(*this,true);
-
-        if (sy!=_height) {
-          if (_height==1) resx.get_resize(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum,1).move_to(resy);
-          else {
-            if (_height>sy) resx.get_resize(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum,2).move_to(resy);
-            else {
-              const float fy = (!boundary_conditions && sy>_height)?(sy>1?(_height-1.0f)/(sy-1):0):(float)_height/sy;
-              resy.assign(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum);
-              float curr = 0, old = 0;
-              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-              float *pfoff = foff._data;
-              cimg_forY(resy,y) {
-                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
-                old = curr;
-                curr+=fy;
-                *(poff++) = sx*((unsigned int)curr-(unsigned int)old);
-              }
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resy.size()>=65536)
-#endif
-              cimg_forXZC(resy,x,z,c) {
-                const T *const ptrs0 = resx.data(x,0,z,c), *ptrs = ptrs0, *const ptrsmin = ptrs0 + sx,
-                  *const ptrsmax = ptrs0 + (_height-2)*sx;
-                T *ptrd = resy.data(x,0,z,c);
-                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
-                cimg_forY(resy,y) {
-                  const float
-                    t = *(pfoff++),
-                    w0 = _cimg_lanczos(t+2),
-                    w1 = _cimg_lanczos(t+1),
-                    w2 = _cimg_lanczos(t),
-                    w3 = _cimg_lanczos(t-1),
-                    w4 = _cimg_lanczos(t-2);
-                  const Tfloat
-                    val2 = (Tfloat)*ptrs,
-                    val1 = ptrs>=ptrsmin?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-sx):val2,
-                    val0 = ptrs>ptrsmin?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-2*sx):val1,
-                    val3 = ptrs<=ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+sx):val2,
-                    val4 = ptrs<ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+2*sx):val3,
-                    val = (val0*w0 + val1*w1 + val2*w2 + val3*w3 + val4*w4)/(w1 + w2 + w3 + w4);
-                  *ptrd = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
-                  ptrd+=sx;
-                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          resx.assign();
-        } else resy.assign(resx,true);
-
-        if (sz!=_depth) {
-          if (_depth==1) resy.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum,1).move_to(resz);
-          else {
-            if (_depth>sz) resy.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum,2).move_to(resz);
-            else {
-              const float fz = (!boundary_conditions && sz>_depth)?(sz>1?(_depth-1.0f)/(sz-1):0):(float)_depth/sz;
-              const unsigned int sxy = sx*sy;
-              resz.assign(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum);
-              float curr = 0, old = 0;
-              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-              float *pfoff = foff._data;
-              cimg_forZ(resz,z) {
-                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
-                old = curr;
-                curr+=fz;
-                *(poff++) = sxy*((unsigned int)curr - (unsigned int)old);
-              }
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resz.size()>=65536)
-#endif
-              cimg_forXYC(resz,x,y,c) {
-                const T *const ptrs0 = resy.data(x,y,0,c), *ptrs = ptrs0, *const ptrsmin = ptrs0 + sxy,
-                  *const ptrsmax = ptrs0 + (_depth-2)*sxy;
-                T *ptrd = resz.data(x,y,0,c);
-                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
-                cimg_forZ(resz,z) {
-                  const float
-                    t = *(pfoff++),
-                    w0 = _cimg_lanczos(t+2),
-                    w1 = _cimg_lanczos(t+1),
-                    w2 = _cimg_lanczos(t),
-                    w3 = _cimg_lanczos(t-1),
-                    w4 = _cimg_lanczos(t-2);
-                  const Tfloat
-                    val2 = (Tfloat)*ptrs,
-                    val1 = ptrs>=ptrsmin?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-sxy):val2,
-                    val0 = ptrs>ptrsmin?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-2*sxy):val1,
-                    val3 = ptrs<=ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+sxy):val2,
-                    val4 = ptrs<ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+2*sxy):val3,
-                    val = (val0*w0 + val1*w1 + val2*w2 + val3*w3 + val4*w4)/(w1 + w2 + w3 + w4);
-                  *ptrd = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
-                  ptrd+=sxy;
-                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          resy.assign();
-        } else resz.assign(resy,true);
-
-        if (sc!=_spectrum) {
-          if (_spectrum==1) resz.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,sc,1).move_to(resc);
-          else {
-            if (_spectrum>sc) resz.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,sc,2).move_to(resc);
-            else {
-              const float fc = (!boundary_conditions && sc>_spectrum)?(sc>1?(_spectrum-1.0f)/(sc-1):0):
-                (float)_spectrum/sc;
-              const unsigned int sxyz = sx*sy*sz;
-              resc.assign(sx,sy,sz,sc);
-              float curr = 0, old = 0;
-              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-              float *pfoff = foff._data;
-              cimg_forC(resc,c) {
-                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
-                old = curr;
-                curr+=fc;
-                *(poff++) = sxyz*((unsigned int)curr - (unsigned int)old);
-              }
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resc.size()>=65536)
-#endif
-              cimg_forXYZ(resc,x,y,z) {
-                const T *const ptrs0 = resz.data(x,y,z,0), *ptrs = ptrs0, *const ptrsmin = ptrs0 + sxyz,
-                  *const ptrsmax = ptrs + (_spectrum-2)*sxyz;
-                T *ptrd = resc.data(x,y,z,0);
-                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
-                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
-                cimg_forC(resc,c) {
-                  const float
-                    t = *(pfoff++),
-                    w0 = _cimg_lanczos(t+2),
-                    w1 = _cimg_lanczos(t+1),
-                    w2 = _cimg_lanczos(t),
-                    w3 = _cimg_lanczos(t-1),
-                    w4 = _cimg_lanczos(t-2);
-                  const Tfloat
-                    val2 = (Tfloat)*ptrs,
-                    val1 = ptrs>=ptrsmin?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-sxyz):val2,
-                    val0 = ptrs>ptrsmin?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-2*sxyz):val1,
-                    val3 = ptrs<=ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+sxyz):val2,
-                    val4 = ptrs<ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+2*sxyz):val3,
-                    val = (val0*w0 + val1*w1 + val2*w2 + val3*w3 + val4*w4)/(w1 + w2 + w3 + w4);
-                  *ptrd = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
-                  ptrd+=sxyz;
-                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          resz.assign();
-        } else resc.assign(resz,true);
-
-        return resc._is_shared?(resz._is_shared?(resy._is_shared?(resx._is_shared?(+(*this)):resx):resy):resz):resc;
-      } break;
-
-        // Unknow interpolation.
-        //
-      default :
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "resize(): Invalid specified interpolation %d "
-                                    "(should be { -1=raw | 0=none | 1=nearest | 2=average | 3=linear | 4=grid | "
-                                    "5=cubic | 6=lanczos }).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    interpolation_type);
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Resize image to dimensions of another image.
-    /**
-       \param src Reference image used for dimensions.
-       \param interpolation_type Interpolation method.
-       \param boundary_conditions Boundary conditions.
-       \param centering_x Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
-       \param centering_y Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
-       \param centering_z Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
-       \param centering_c Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
-     **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& resize(const CImg<t>& src,
-                    const int interpolation_type=1, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=0,
-                    const float centering_x = 0, const float centering_y = 0,
-                    const float centering_z = 0, const float centering_c = 0) {
-      return resize(src._width,src._height,src._depth,src._spectrum,interpolation_type,boundary_conditions,
-                    centering_x,centering_y,centering_z,centering_c);
-    }
-
-    //! Resize image to dimensions of another image \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> get_resize(const CImg<t>& src,
-                       const int interpolation_type=1, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=0,
-                       const float centering_x = 0, const float centering_y = 0,
-                       const float centering_z = 0, const float centering_c = 0) const {
-      return get_resize(src._width,src._height,src._depth,src._spectrum,interpolation_type,boundary_conditions,
-                        centering_x,centering_y,centering_z,centering_c);
-    }
-
-    //! Resize image to dimensions of a display window.
-    /**
-       \param disp Reference display window used for dimensions.
-       \param interpolation_type Interpolation method.
-       \param boundary_conditions Boundary conditions.
-       \param centering_x Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
-       \param centering_y Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
-       \param centering_z Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
-       \param centering_c Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
-     **/
-    CImg<T>& resize(const CImgDisplay& disp,
-                    const int interpolation_type=1, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=0,
-                    const float centering_x = 0, const float centering_y = 0,
-                    const float centering_z = 0, const float centering_c = 0) {
-      return resize(disp.width(),disp.height(),_depth,_spectrum,interpolation_type,boundary_conditions,
-                    centering_x,centering_y,centering_z,centering_c);
-    }
-
-    //! Resize image to dimensions of a display window \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_resize(const CImgDisplay& disp,
-                       const int interpolation_type=1, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=0,
-                       const float centering_x = 0, const float centering_y = 0,
-                       const float centering_z = 0, const float centering_c = 0) const {
-      return get_resize(disp.width(),disp.height(),_depth,_spectrum,interpolation_type,boundary_conditions,
-                        centering_x,centering_y,centering_z,centering_c);
-    }
-
-    //! Resize image to half-size along XY axes, using an optimized filter.
-    CImg<T>& resize_halfXY() {
-      return get_resize_halfXY().move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Resize image to half-size along XY axes, using an optimized filter \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_resize_halfXY() const {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const Tfloat mask[9] = { 0.07842776544f, 0.1231940459f, 0.07842776544f,
-                              0.1231940459f,  0.1935127547f, 0.1231940459f,
-                              0.07842776544f, 0.1231940459f, 0.07842776544f };
-      T I[9] = { 0 };
-      CImg<T> res(_width/2,_height/2,_depth,_spectrum);
-      T *ptrd = res._data;
-      cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,T)
-        if (x%2 && y%2) *(ptrd++) = (T)
-                          (I[0]*mask[0] + I[1]*mask[1] + I[2]*mask[2] +
-                           I[3]*mask[3] + I[4]*mask[4] + I[5]*mask[5] +
-                           I[6]*mask[6] + I[7]*mask[7] + I[8]*mask[8]);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Resize image to double-size, using the Scale2X algorithm.
-    /**
-       \note Use anisotropic upscaling algorithm
-       <a href="http://scale2x.sourceforge.net/algorithm.html">described here</a>.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& resize_doubleXY() {
-      return get_resize_doubleXY().move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Resize image to double-size, using the Scale2X algorithm \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_resize_doubleXY() const {
-#define _cimg_gs2x_for3(bound,i) \
- for (int i = 0, _p1##i = 0, \
-      _n1##i = 1>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:1; \
-      _n1##i<(int)(bound) || i==--_n1##i; \
-      _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ptrd1+=(res)._width, ptrd2+=(res)._width)
-
-#define _cimg_gs2x_for3x3(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  _cimg_gs2x_for3((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
-   _p1##x = 0, \
-   _n1##x = (int)( \
-   (I[1] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[3] = I[4] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[7] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)),	\
-   1>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:1); \
-   (_n1##x<(img).width() && ( \
-   (I[2] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)),1)) || \
-   x==--_n1##x; \
-   I[1] = I[2], \
-   I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], \
-   I[7] = I[8], \
-   _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x)
-
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      CImg<T> res(_width<<1,_height<<1,_depth,_spectrum);
-      CImg_3x3(I,T);
-      cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
-        T
-          *ptrd1 = res.data(0,0,z,c),
-          *ptrd2 = ptrd1 + res._width;
-        _cimg_gs2x_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,T) {
-          if (Icp!=Icn && Ipc!=Inc) {
-            *(ptrd1++) = Ipc==Icp?Ipc:Icc;
-            *(ptrd1++) = Icp==Inc?Inc:Icc;
-            *(ptrd2++) = Ipc==Icn?Ipc:Icc;
-            *(ptrd2++) = Icn==Inc?Inc:Icc;
-          } else { *(ptrd1++) = Icc; *(ptrd1++) = Icc; *(ptrd2++) = Icc; *(ptrd2++) = Icc; }
-        }
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Resize image to triple-size, using the Scale3X algorithm.
-    /**
-       \note Use anisotropic upscaling algorithm
-       <a href="http://scale2x.sourceforge.net/algorithm.html">described here</a>.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& resize_tripleXY() {
-      return get_resize_tripleXY().move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Resize image to triple-size, using the Scale3X algorithm \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_resize_tripleXY() const {
-#define _cimg_gs3x_for3(bound,i) \
- for (int i = 0, _p1##i = 0, \
-      _n1##i = 1>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:1; \
-      _n1##i<(int)(bound) || i==--_n1##i; \
-      _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ptrd1+=2*(res)._width, ptrd2+=2*(res)._width, ptrd3+=2*(res)._width)
-
-#define _cimg_gs3x_for3x3(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
-  _cimg_gs3x_for3((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
-   _p1##x = 0, \
-   _n1##x = (int)( \
-   (I[0] = I[1] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[3] = I[4] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[6] = I[7] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)),	\
-   1>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:1); \
-   (_n1##x<(img).width() && ( \
-   (I[2] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
-   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
-   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)),1)) || \
-   x==--_n1##x; \
-   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], \
-   I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], \
-   I[6] = I[7], I[7] = I[8], \
-   _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x)
-
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      CImg<T> res(3*_width,3*_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-      CImg_3x3(I,T);
-      cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
-        T
-          *ptrd1 = res.data(0,0,z,c),
-          *ptrd2 = ptrd1 + res._width,
-          *ptrd3 = ptrd2 + res._width;
-        _cimg_gs3x_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,T) {
-          if (Icp != Icn && Ipc != Inc) {
-            *(ptrd1++) = Ipc==Icp?Ipc:Icc;
-            *(ptrd1++) = (Ipc==Icp && Icc!=Inp) || (Icp==Inc && Icc!=Ipp)?Icp:Icc;
-            *(ptrd1++) = Icp==Inc?Inc:Icc;
-            *(ptrd2++) = (Ipc==Icp && Icc!=Ipn) || (Ipc==Icn && Icc!=Ipp)?Ipc:Icc;
-            *(ptrd2++) = Icc;
-            *(ptrd2++) = (Icp==Inc && Icc!=Inn) || (Icn==Inc && Icc!=Inp)?Inc:Icc;
-            *(ptrd3++) = Ipc==Icn?Ipc:Icc;
-            *(ptrd3++) = (Ipc==Icn && Icc!=Inn) || (Icn==Inc && Icc!=Ipn)?Icn:Icc;
-            *(ptrd3++) = Icn==Inc?Inc:Icc;
-          } else {
-            *(ptrd1++) = Icc; *(ptrd1++) = Icc; *(ptrd1++) = Icc;
-            *(ptrd2++) = Icc; *(ptrd2++) = Icc; *(ptrd2++) = Icc;
-            *(ptrd3++) = Icc; *(ptrd3++) = Icc; *(ptrd3++) = Icc;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Mirror image content along specified axis.
-    /**
-       \param axis Mirror axis
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& mirror(const char axis) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      T *pf, *pb, *buf = 0;
-      switch (cimg::uncase(axis)) {
-      case 'x' : {
-        pf = _data; pb = data(_width-1);
-        const unsigned int width2 = _width/2;
-        for (unsigned int yzv = 0; yzv<_height*_depth*_spectrum; ++yzv) {
-          for (unsigned int x = 0; x<width2; ++x) { const T val = *pf; *(pf++) = *pb; *(pb--) = val; }
-          pf+=_width - width2;
-          pb+=_width + width2;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 'y' : {
-        buf = new T[_width];
-        pf = _data; pb = data(0,_height-1);
-        const unsigned int height2 = _height/2;
-        for (unsigned int zv = 0; zv<_depth*_spectrum; ++zv) {
-          for (unsigned int y = 0; y<height2; ++y) {
-            std::memcpy(buf,pf,_width*sizeof(T));
-            std::memcpy(pf,pb,_width*sizeof(T));
-            std::memcpy(pb,buf,_width*sizeof(T));
-            pf+=_width;
-            pb-=_width;
-          }
-          pf+=(unsigned long)_width*(_height - height2);
-          pb+=(unsigned long)_width*(_height + height2);
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 'z' : {
-        buf = new T[(unsigned long)_width*_height];
-        pf = _data; pb = data(0,0,_depth-1);
-        const unsigned int depth2 = _depth/2;
-        cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-          for (unsigned int z = 0; z<depth2; ++z) {
-            std::memcpy(buf,pf,_width*_height*sizeof(T));
-            std::memcpy(pf,pb,_width*_height*sizeof(T));
-            std::memcpy(pb,buf,_width*_height*sizeof(T));
-            pf+=(unsigned long)_width*_height;
-            pb-=(unsigned long)_width*_height;
-          }
-          pf+=(unsigned long)_width*_height*(_depth - depth2);
-          pb+=(unsigned long)_width*_height*(_depth + depth2);
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 'c' : {
-        buf = new T[(unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth];
-        pf = _data; pb = data(0,0,0,_spectrum-1);
-        const unsigned int _spectrum2 = _spectrum/2;
-        for (unsigned int v = 0; v<_spectrum2; ++v) {
-          std::memcpy(buf,pf,_width*_height*_depth*sizeof(T));
-          std::memcpy(pf,pb,_width*_height*_depth*sizeof(T));
-          std::memcpy(pb,buf,_width*_height*_depth*sizeof(T));
-          pf+=(unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-          pb-=(unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-        }
-      } break;
-      default :
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "mirror(): Invalid specified axis '%c'.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    axis);
-      }
-      delete[] buf;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Mirror image content along specified axis \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_mirror(const char axis) const {
-      return (+*this).mirror(axis);
-    }
-
-    //! Mirror image content along specified axes.
-    /**
-       \param axes Mirror axes, as a C-string.
-       \note \c axes may contains multiple character, e.g. \c "xyz"
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& mirror(const char *const axes) {
-      for (const char *s = axes; *s; s++) mirror(*s);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Mirror image content along specified axes \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_mirror(const char *const axes) const {
-      return (+*this).mirror(axes);
-    }
-
-    //! Shift image content.
-    /**
-       \param delta_x Amount of displacement along the X-axis.
-       \param delta_y Amount of displacement along the Y-axis.
-       \param delta_z Amount of displacement along the Z-axis.
-       \param delta_c Amount of displacement along the C-axis.
-       \param boundary_conditions Border condition.
-
-       - \c boundary_conditions can be:
-          - 0: Zero border condition (Dirichlet).
-          - 1: Nearest neighbors (Neumann).
-          - 2: Repeat Pattern (Fourier style).
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& shift(const int delta_x, const int delta_y=0, const int delta_z=0, const int delta_c=0,
-                   const int boundary_conditions=0) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (delta_x) // Shift along X-axis
-        switch (boundary_conditions) {
-        case 0 :
-          if (cimg::abs(delta_x)>=width()) return fill(0);
-          if (delta_x<0) cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-            std::memmove(data(0,y,z,c),data(-delta_x,y,z,c),(_width+delta_x)*sizeof(T));
-            std::memset(data(_width+delta_x,y,z,c),0,-delta_x*sizeof(T));
-          } else cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-            std::memmove(data(delta_x,y,z,c),data(0,y,z,c),(_width-delta_x)*sizeof(T));
-            std::memset(data(0,y,z,c),0,delta_x*sizeof(T));
-          }
-          break;
-        case 1 :
-          if (delta_x<0) {
-            const int ndelta_x = (-delta_x>=width())?width()-1:-delta_x;
-            if (!ndelta_x) return *this;
-            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-              std::memmove(data(0,y,z,c),data(ndelta_x,y,z,c),(_width-ndelta_x)*sizeof(T));
-              T *ptrd = data(_width-1,y,z,c);
-              const T val = *ptrd;
-              for (int l = 0; l<ndelta_x-1; ++l) *(--ptrd) = val;
-            }
-          } else {
-            const int ndelta_x = (delta_x>=width())?width()-1:delta_x;
-            if (!ndelta_x) return *this;
-            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-              std::memmove(data(ndelta_x,y,z,c),data(0,y,z,c),(_width-ndelta_x)*sizeof(T));
-              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
-              const T val = *ptrd;
-              for (int l = 0; l<ndelta_x-1; ++l) *(++ptrd) = val;
-            }
-          }
-          break;
-        default : {
-          const int ml = cimg::mod(-delta_x,width()), ndelta_x = (ml<=width()/2)?ml:(ml-width());
-          if (!ndelta_x) return *this;
-          T *const buf = new T[cimg::abs(ndelta_x)];
-          if (ndelta_x>0) cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-            std::memcpy(buf,data(0,y,z,c),ndelta_x*sizeof(T));
-            std::memmove(data(0,y,z,c),data(ndelta_x,y,z,c),(_width-ndelta_x)*sizeof(T));
-            std::memcpy(data(_width-ndelta_x,y,z,c),buf,ndelta_x*sizeof(T));
-          } else cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-            std::memcpy(buf,data(_width+ndelta_x,y,z,c),-ndelta_x*sizeof(T));
-            std::memmove(data(-ndelta_x,y,z,c),data(0,y,z,c),(_width+ndelta_x)*sizeof(T));
-            std::memcpy(data(0,y,z,c),buf,-ndelta_x*sizeof(T));
-          }
-          delete[] buf;
-        }
-        }
-
-      if (delta_y) // Shift along Y-axis
-        switch (boundary_conditions) {
-        case 0 :
-          if (cimg::abs(delta_y)>=height()) return fill(0);
-          if (delta_y<0) cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
-            std::memmove(data(0,0,z,c),data(0,-delta_y,z,c),_width*(_height+delta_y)*sizeof(T));
-            std::memset(data(0,_height+delta_y,z,c),0,-delta_y*_width*sizeof(T));
-          } else cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
-            std::memmove(data(0,delta_y,z,c),data(0,0,z,c),_width*(_height-delta_y)*sizeof(T));
-            std::memset(data(0,0,z,c),0,delta_y*_width*sizeof(T));
-          }
-          break;
-        case 1 :
-          if (delta_y<0) {
-            const int ndelta_y = (-delta_y>=height())?height()-1:-delta_y;
-            if (!ndelta_y) return *this;
-            cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
-              std::memmove(data(0,0,z,c),data(0,ndelta_y,z,c),_width*(_height-ndelta_y)*sizeof(T));
-              T *ptrd = data(0,_height-ndelta_y,z,c), *ptrs = data(0,_height-1,z,c);
-              for (int l = 0; l<ndelta_y-1; ++l) { std::memcpy(ptrd,ptrs,_width*sizeof(T)); ptrd+=_width; }
-            }
-          } else {
-            const int ndelta_y = (delta_y>=height())?height()-1:delta_y;
-            if (!ndelta_y) return *this;
-            cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
-              std::memmove(data(0,ndelta_y,z,c),data(0,0,z,c),_width*(_height-ndelta_y)*sizeof(T));
-              T *ptrd = data(0,1,z,c), *ptrs = data(0,0,z,c);
-              for (int l = 0; l<ndelta_y-1; ++l) { std::memcpy(ptrd,ptrs,_width*sizeof(T)); ptrd+=_width; }
-            }
-          }
-          break;
-        default : {
-          const int ml = cimg::mod(-delta_y,height()), ndelta_y = (ml<=height()/2)?ml:(ml-height());
-          if (!ndelta_y) return *this;
-          T *const buf = new T[(unsigned long)_width*cimg::abs(ndelta_y)];
-          if (ndelta_y>0) cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
-            std::memcpy(buf,data(0,0,z,c),_width*ndelta_y*sizeof(T));
-            std::memmove(data(0,0,z,c),data(0,ndelta_y,z,c),_width*(_height-ndelta_y)*sizeof(T));
-            std::memcpy(data(0,_height-ndelta_y,z,c),buf,_width*ndelta_y*sizeof(T));
-          } else cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
-            std::memcpy(buf,data(0,_height+ndelta_y,z,c),-ndelta_y*_width*sizeof(T));
-            std::memmove(data(0,-ndelta_y,z,c),data(0,0,z,c),_width*(_height+ndelta_y)*sizeof(T));
-            std::memcpy(data(0,0,z,c),buf,-ndelta_y*_width*sizeof(T));
-          }
-          delete[] buf;
-        }
-        }
-
-      if (delta_z) // Shift along Z-axis
-        switch (boundary_conditions) {
-        case 0 :
-          if (cimg::abs(delta_z)>=depth()) return fill(0);
-          if (delta_z<0) cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            std::memmove(data(0,0,0,c),data(0,0,-delta_z,c),_width*_height*(_depth+delta_z)*sizeof(T));
-            std::memset(data(0,0,_depth+delta_z,c),0,_width*_height*(-delta_z)*sizeof(T));
-          } else cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            std::memmove(data(0,0,delta_z,c),data(0,0,0,c),_width*_height*(_depth-delta_z)*sizeof(T));
-            std::memset(data(0,0,0,c),0,delta_z*_width*_height*sizeof(T));
-          }
-          break;
-        case 1 :
-          if (delta_z<0) {
-            const int ndelta_z = (-delta_z>=depth())?depth()-1:-delta_z;
-            if (!ndelta_z) return *this;
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              std::memmove(data(0,0,0,c),data(0,0,ndelta_z,c),_width*_height*(_depth-ndelta_z)*sizeof(T));
-              T *ptrd = data(0,0,_depth-ndelta_z,c), *ptrs = data(0,0,_depth-1,c);
-              for (int l = 0; l<ndelta_z-1; ++l) {
-                std::memcpy(ptrd,ptrs,_width*_height*sizeof(T)); ptrd+=(unsigned long)_width*_height;
-              }
-            }
-          } else {
-            const int ndelta_z = (delta_z>=depth())?depth()-1:delta_z;
-            if (!ndelta_z) return *this;
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              std::memmove(data(0,0,ndelta_z,c),data(0,0,0,c),_width*_height*(_depth-ndelta_z)*sizeof(T));
-              T *ptrd = data(0,0,1,c), *ptrs = data(0,0,0,c);
-              for (int l = 0; l<ndelta_z-1; ++l) {
-                std::memcpy(ptrd,ptrs,_width*_height*sizeof(T)); ptrd+=(unsigned long)_width*_height;
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          break;
-        default : {
-          const int ml = cimg::mod(-delta_z,depth()), ndelta_z = (ml<=depth()/2)?ml:(ml-depth());
-          if (!ndelta_z) return *this;
-          T *const buf = new T[(unsigned long)_width*_height*cimg::abs(ndelta_z)];
-          if (ndelta_z>0) cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            std::memcpy(buf,data(0,0,0,c),_width*_height*ndelta_z*sizeof(T));
-            std::memmove(data(0,0,0,c),data(0,0,ndelta_z,c),_width*_height*(_depth-ndelta_z)*sizeof(T));
-            std::memcpy(data(0,0,_depth-ndelta_z,c),buf,_width*_height*ndelta_z*sizeof(T));
-          } else cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            std::memcpy(buf,data(0,0,_depth+ndelta_z,c),-ndelta_z*_width*_height*sizeof(T));
-            std::memmove(data(0,0,-ndelta_z,c),data(0,0,0,c),_width*_height*(_depth+ndelta_z)*sizeof(T));
-            std::memcpy(data(0,0,0,c),buf,-ndelta_z*_width*_height*sizeof(T));
-          }
-          delete[] buf;
-        }
-        }
-
-      if (delta_c) // Shift along C-axis
-        switch (boundary_conditions) {
-        case 0 :
-          if (cimg::abs(delta_c)>=spectrum()) return fill(0);
-          if (delta_c<0) {
-            std::memmove(_data,data(0,0,0,-delta_c),_width*_height*_depth*(_spectrum+delta_c)*sizeof(T));
-            std::memset(data(0,0,0,_spectrum+delta_c),0,_width*_height*_depth*(-delta_c)*sizeof(T));
-          } else {
-            std::memmove(data(0,0,0,delta_c),_data,_width*_height*_depth*(_spectrum-delta_c)*sizeof(T));
-            std::memset(_data,0,delta_c*_width*_height*_depth*sizeof(T));
-          }
-          break;
-        case 1 :
-          if (delta_c<0) {
-            const int ndelta_c = (-delta_c>=spectrum())?spectrum()-1:-delta_c;
-            if (!ndelta_c) return *this;
-            std::memmove(_data,data(0,0,0,ndelta_c),_width*_height*_depth*(_spectrum-ndelta_c)*sizeof(T));
-            T *ptrd = data(0,0,0,_spectrum-ndelta_c), *ptrs = data(0,0,0,_spectrum-1);
-            for (int l = 0; l<ndelta_c-1; ++l) {
-              std::memcpy(ptrd,ptrs,_width*_height*_depth*sizeof(T)); ptrd+=(unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-            }
-          } else {
-            const int ndelta_c = (delta_c>=spectrum())?spectrum()-1:delta_c;
-            if (!ndelta_c) return *this;
-            std::memmove(data(0,0,0,ndelta_c),_data,_width*_height*_depth*(_spectrum-ndelta_c)*sizeof(T));
-            T *ptrd = data(0,0,0,1);
-            for (int l = 0; l<ndelta_c-1; ++l) {
-              std::memcpy(ptrd,_data,_width*_height*_depth*sizeof(T)); ptrd+=(unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-            }
-          }
-          break;
-        default : {
-          const int ml = cimg::mod(-delta_c,spectrum()), ndelta_c = (ml<=spectrum()/2)?ml:(ml-spectrum());
-          if (!ndelta_c) return *this;
-          T *const buf = new T[(unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth*cimg::abs(ndelta_c)];
-          if (ndelta_c>0) {
-            std::memcpy(buf,_data,_width*_height*_depth*ndelta_c*sizeof(T));
-            std::memmove(_data,data(0,0,0,ndelta_c),_width*_height*_depth*(_spectrum-ndelta_c)*sizeof(T));
-            std::memcpy(data(0,0,0,_spectrum-ndelta_c),buf,_width*_height*_depth*ndelta_c*sizeof(T));
-          } else {
-            std::memcpy(buf,data(0,0,0,_spectrum+ndelta_c),-ndelta_c*_width*_height*_depth*sizeof(T));
-            std::memmove(data(0,0,0,-ndelta_c),_data,_width*_height*_depth*(_spectrum+ndelta_c)*sizeof(T));
-            std::memcpy(_data,buf,-ndelta_c*_width*_height*_depth*sizeof(T));
-          }
-          delete[] buf;
-        }
-        }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Shift image content \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_shift(const int delta_x, const int delta_y=0, const int delta_z=0, const int delta_c=0,
-                          const int boundary_conditions=0) const {
-      return (+*this).shift(delta_x,delta_y,delta_z,delta_c,boundary_conditions);
-    }
-
-    //! Permute axes order.
-    /**
-       \param order Axes permutations, as a C-string of 4 characters.
-       This function permutes image content regarding the specified axes permutation.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& permute_axes(const char *const order) {
-      return get_permute_axes(order).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Permute axes order \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_permute_axes(const char *const order) const {
-      const T foo = (T)0;
-      return _get_permute_axes(order,foo);
-    }
-
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<t> _get_permute_axes(const char *const permut, const t&) const {
-      if (is_empty() || !permut) return CImg<t>(*this,false);
-      CImg<t> res;
-      const T* ptrs = _data;
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"xyzc",4)) return +*this;
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"xycz",4)) {
-	res.assign(_width,_height,_spectrum,_depth);
-        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(x,y,c,z,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"xzyc",4)) {
-	res.assign(_width,_depth,_height,_spectrum);
-        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(x,z,y,c,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"xzcy",4)) {
-	res.assign(_width,_depth,_spectrum,_height);
-        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(x,z,c,y,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"xcyz",4)) {
-	res.assign(_width,_spectrum,_height,_depth);
-        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(x,c,y,z,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"xczy",4)) {
-	res.assign(_width,_spectrum,_depth,_height);
-        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(x,c,z,y,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"yxzc",4)) {
-	res.assign(_height,_width,_depth,_spectrum);
-        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(y,x,z,c,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"yxcz",4)) {
-	res.assign(_height,_width,_spectrum,_depth);
-        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(y,x,c,z,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"yzxc",4)) {
-	res.assign(_height,_depth,_width,_spectrum);
-        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(y,z,x,c,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"yzcx",4)) {
-	res.assign(_height,_depth,_spectrum,_width);
-	switch (_width) {
-	case 1 : {
-	  t *ptr_r = res.data(0,0,0,0);
-	  for (unsigned int siz = _height*_depth*_spectrum; siz; --siz) {
-	    *(ptr_r++) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-	  }
-	} break;
-	case 2 : {
-	  t *ptr_r = res.data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = res.data(0,0,0,1);
-	  for (unsigned int siz = _height*_depth*_spectrum; siz; --siz) {
-	    *(ptr_r++) = (t)*(ptrs++); *(ptr_g++) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-	  }
-	} break;
-	case 3 : { // Optimization for the classical conversion from interleaved RGB to planar RGB
-	  t *ptr_r = res.data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = res.data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = res.data(0,0,0,2);
-	  for (unsigned int siz = _height*_depth*_spectrum; siz; --siz) {
-	    *(ptr_r++) = (t)*(ptrs++); *(ptr_g++) = (t)*(ptrs++); *(ptr_b++) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-	  }
-	} break;
-	case 4 : { // Optimization for the classical conversion from interleaved RGBA to planar RGBA
-	  t *ptr_r = res.data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = res.data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = res.data(0,0,0,2), *ptr_a = res.data(0,0,0,3);
-	  for (unsigned int siz = _height*_depth*_spectrum; siz; --siz) {
-	    *(ptr_r++) = (t)*(ptrs++); *(ptr_g++) = (t)*(ptrs++); *(ptr_b++) = (t)*(ptrs++); *(ptr_a++) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-	  }
-	} break;
-	default : {
-          const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	  cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(y,z,c,x,wh,whd) = *(ptrs++);
-          return res;
-	}
-	}
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"ycxz",4)) {
-	res.assign(_height,_spectrum,_width,_depth);
-        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(y,c,x,z,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"yczx",4)) {
-	res.assign(_height,_spectrum,_depth,_width);
-        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(y,c,z,x,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"zxyc",4)) {
-	res.assign(_depth,_width,_height,_spectrum);
-        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(z,x,y,c,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"zxcy",4)) {
-	res.assign(_depth,_width,_spectrum,_height);
-        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(z,x,c,y,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"zyxc",4)) {
-	res.assign(_depth,_height,_width,_spectrum);
-        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(z,y,x,c,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"zycx",4)) {
-	res.assign(_depth,_height,_spectrum,_width);
-        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(z,y,c,x,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"zcxy",4)) {
-	res.assign(_depth,_spectrum,_width,_height);
-        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(z,c,x,y,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"zcyx",4)) {
-	res.assign(_depth,_spectrum,_height,_width);
-        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(z,c,y,x,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"cxyz",4)) {
-	res.assign(_spectrum,_width,_height,_depth);
-	switch (_spectrum) {
-	case 1 : {
-	  const T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0);
-	  t *ptrd = res._data;
-	  for (unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; siz; --siz) *(ptrd++) = (t)*(ptr_r++);
-	} break;
-	case 2 : {
-	  const T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1);
-	  t *ptrd = res._data;
-	  for (unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; siz; --siz) {
-	    *(ptrd++) = (t)*(ptr_r++); *(ptrd++) = (t)*(ptr_g++);
-	  }
-	} break;
-	case 3 : { // Optimization for the classical conversion from planar RGB to interleaved RGB
-	  const T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2);
-	  t *ptrd = res._data;
-	  for (unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; siz; --siz) {
-	    *(ptrd++) = (t)*(ptr_r++); *(ptrd++) = (t)*(ptr_g++); *(ptrd++) = (t)*(ptr_b++);
-	  }
-	} break;
-	case 4 : { // Optimization for the classical conversion from planar RGBA to interleaved RGBA
-	  const T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2), *ptr_a = data(0,0,0,3);
-	  t *ptrd = res._data;
-	  for (unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; siz; --siz) {
-	    *(ptrd++) = (t)*(ptr_r++); *(ptrd++) = (t)*(ptr_g++); *(ptrd++) = (t)*(ptr_b++); *(ptrd++) = (t)*(ptr_a++);
-	  }
-	} break;
-	default : {
-          const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	  cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(c,x,y,z,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-	}
-	}
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"cxzy",4)) {
-	res.assign(_spectrum,_width,_depth,_height);
-        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(c,x,z,y,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"cyxz",4)) {
-	res.assign(_spectrum,_height,_width,_depth);
-        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(c,y,x,z,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"cyzx",4)) {
-	res.assign(_spectrum,_height,_depth,_width);
-        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(c,y,z,x,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"czxy",4)) {
-	res.assign(_spectrum,_depth,_width,_height);
-        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(c,z,x,y,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"czyx",4)) {
-	res.assign(_spectrum,_depth,_height,_width);
-        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
-	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(c,z,y,x,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
-      }
-      if (!res)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "permute_axes(): Invalid specified permutation '%s'.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    permut);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Unroll pixel values along specified axis.
-    /**
-       \param axis Unroll axis (can be \c 'x', \c 'y', \c 'z' or c 'c').
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& unroll(const char axis) {
-      const unsigned int siz = size();
-      if (siz) switch (axis) {
-      case 'x' : _width = siz; _height = _depth = _spectrum = 1; break;
-      case 'y' : _height = siz; _width = _depth = _spectrum = 1; break;
-      case 'z' : _depth = siz; _width = _height = _spectrum = 1; break;
-      default : _spectrum = siz; _width = _height = _depth = 1;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Unroll pixel values along specified axis \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_unroll(const char axis) const {
-      return (+*this).unroll(axis);
-    }
-
-    //! Rotate image with arbitrary angle.
-    /**
-       \param angle Rotation angle, in degrees.
-       \param interpolation Type of interpolation. Can be <tt>{ 0=nearest | 1=linear | 2=cubic }</tt>.
-       \param boundary Boundary conditions. Can be <tt>{  0=dirichlet | 1=neumann | 2=periodic }</tt>.
-       \note Most of the time, size of the image is modified.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& rotate(const float angle, const unsigned int interpolation=1, const unsigned int boundary=0) {
-      const float nangle = cimg::mod(angle,360.0f);
-      if (nangle==0.0f) return *this;
-      return get_rotate(angle,interpolation,boundary).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Rotate image with arbitrary angle \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_rotate(const float angle, const unsigned int interpolation=1, const unsigned int boundary=0) const {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      CImg<T> res;
-      const float nangle = cimg::mod(angle,360.0f);
-      if (boundary!=1 && cimg::mod(nangle,90.0f)==0) { // Optimized version for orthogonal angles.
-        const int wm1 = width() - 1, hm1 = height() - 1;
-        const int iangle = (int)nangle/90;
-        switch (iangle) {
-        case 1 : { // 90 deg.
-          res.assign(_height,_width,_depth,_spectrum);
-          T *ptrd = res._data;
-          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c) *(ptrd++) = (*this)(y,hm1-x,z,c);
-        } break;
-        case 2 : { // 180 deg.
-          res.assign(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-          T *ptrd = res._data;
-          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c) *(ptrd++) = (*this)(wm1-x,hm1-y,z,c);
-        } break;
-        case 3 : { // 270 deg.
-          res.assign(_height,_width,_depth,_spectrum);
-          T *ptrd = res._data;
-          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c) *(ptrd++) = (*this)(wm1-y,x,z,c);
-        } break;
-        default : // 0 deg.
-          return *this;
-        }
-      } else { // Generic angle.
-        const Tfloat vmin = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::min(), vmax = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::max();
-        const float
-          rad = (float)(nangle*cimg::PI/180.0),
-          ca = (float)std::cos(rad),
-          sa = (float)std::sin(rad),
-          ux = cimg::abs(_width*ca), uy = cimg::abs(_width*sa),
-          vx = cimg::abs(_height*sa), vy = cimg::abs(_height*ca),
-          w2 = 0.5f*_width, h2 = 0.5f*_height,
-          dw2 = 0.5f*(ux+vx), dh2 = 0.5f*(uy+vy);
-        res.assign((int)(ux+vx),(int)(uy+vy),_depth,_spectrum);
-        switch (boundary) {
-        case 0 : { // Dirichlet boundaries.
-          switch (interpolation) {
-          case 2 : { // Cubic interpolation.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c) {
-              const Tfloat val = cubic_atXY(w2 + (x-dw2)*ca + (y-dh2)*sa,h2 - (x-dw2)*sa + (y-dh2)*ca,z,c,0);
-              res(x,y,z,c) = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
-            }
-          } break;
-          case 1 : { // Linear interpolation.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
-              res(x,y,z,c) = (T)linear_atXY(w2 + (x-dw2)*ca + (y-dh2)*sa,h2 - (x-dw2)*sa + (y-dh2)*ca,z,c,0);
-          } break;
-          default : { // Nearest-neighbor interpolation.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
-              res(x,y,z,c) = atXY((int)(w2 + (x-dw2)*ca + (y-dh2)*sa),(int)(h2 - (x-dw2)*sa + (y-dh2)*ca),z,c,0);
-          }
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 1 : { // Neumann boundaries.
-          switch (interpolation) {
-          case 2 : { // Cubic interpolation.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c) {
-              const Tfloat val = _cubic_atXY(w2 + (x-dw2)*ca + (y-dh2)*sa,h2 - (x-dw2)*sa + (y-dh2)*ca,z,c);
-              res(x,y,z,c) = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
-            }
-          } break;
-          case 1 : { // Linear interpolation.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
-              res(x,y,z,c) = (T)_linear_atXY(w2 + (x-dw2)*ca + (y-dh2)*sa,h2 - (x-dw2)*sa + (y-dh2)*ca,z,c);
-          } break;
-          default : { // Nearest-neighbor interpolation.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
-              res(x,y,z,c) = _atXY((int)(w2 + (x-dw2)*ca + (y-dh2)*sa),(int)(h2 - (x-dw2)*sa + (y-dh2)*ca),z,c);
-          }
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 2 : { // Periodic boundaries.
-          switch (interpolation) {
-          case 2 : { // Cubic interpolation.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c) {
-              const Tfloat val = _cubic_atXY(cimg::mod(w2 + (x-dw2)*ca + (y-dh2)*sa,(float)width()),
-                                             cimg::mod(h2 - (x-dw2)*sa + (y-dh2)*ca,(float)height()),z,c);
-              res(x,y,z,c) = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
-            }
-          } break;
-          case 1 : { // Linear interpolation.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
-              res(x,y,z,c) = (T)_linear_atXY(cimg::mod(w2 + (x-dw2)*ca + (y-dh2)*sa,(float)width()),
-                                             cimg::mod(h2 - (x-dw2)*sa + (y-dh2)*ca,(float)height()),z,c);
-          } break;
-          default : { // Nearest-neighbor interpolation.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
-              res(x,y,z,c) = (*this)(cimg::mod((int)(w2 + (x-dw2)*ca + (y-dh2)*sa),width()),
-                                     cimg::mod((int)(h2 - (x-dw2)*sa + (y-dh2)*ca),height()),z,c);
-          }
-          }
-        } break;
-	default :
-	  throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                      "rotate(): Invalid specified border conditions %d "
-                                      "(should be { 0=dirichlet | 1=neumann | 2=periodic }).",
-				      cimg_instance,
-                                      boundary);
-        }
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Rotate image with arbitrary angle, around a center point.
-    /**
-       \param angle Rotation angle, in degrees.
-       \param cx X-coordinate of the rotation center.
-       \param cy Y-coordinate of the rotation center.
-       \param zoom Zoom factor.
-       \param boundary_conditions Boundary conditions. Can be <tt>{ 0=dirichlet | 1=neumann | 2=periodic }</tt>.
-       \param interpolation_type Type of interpolation. Can be <tt>{ 0=nearest | 1=linear | 2=cubic }</tt>.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& rotate(const float angle, const float cx, const float cy, const float zoom,
-                    const unsigned int interpolation=1, const unsigned int boundary=3) {
-      return get_rotate(angle,cx,cy,zoom,interpolation,boundary).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Rotate image with arbitrary angle, around a center point \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_rotate(const float angle, const float cx, const float cy, const float zoom,
-                       const unsigned int interpolation=1, const unsigned int boundary=3) const {
-      if (interpolation>2)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "rotate(): Invalid specified interpolation type %d "
-                                    "(should be { 0=none | 1=linear | 2=cubic }).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    interpolation);
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      CImg<T> res(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-      const Tfloat vmin = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::min(), vmax = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::max();
-      const float
-        rad = (float)((angle*cimg::PI)/180.0),
-        ca = (float)std::cos(rad)/zoom,
-        sa = (float)std::sin(rad)/zoom;
-      switch (boundary) {
-      case 0 : {
-        switch (interpolation) {
-        case 2 : {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
-#endif
-          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c) {
-            const Tfloat val = cubic_atXY(cx + (x-cx)*ca + (y-cy)*sa,cy - (x-cx)*sa + (y-cy)*ca,z,c,0);
-            res(x,y,z,c) = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 1 : {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
-#endif
-          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
-            res(x,y,z,c) = (T)linear_atXY(cx + (x-cx)*ca + (y-cy)*sa,cy - (x-cx)*sa + (y-cy)*ca,z,c,0);
-        } break;
-        default : {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
-#endif
-          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
-            res(x,y,z,c) = atXY((int)(cx + (x-cx)*ca + (y-cy)*sa),(int)(cy - (x-cx)*sa + (y-cy)*ca),z,c,0);
-        }
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 1 : {
-        switch (interpolation) {
-        case 2 : {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
-#endif
-          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c) {
-            const Tfloat val = _cubic_atXY(cx + (x-cx)*ca + (y-cy)*sa,cy - (x-cx)*sa + (y-cy)*ca,z,c);
-            res(x,y,z,c) = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 1 : {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
-#endif
-          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
-            res(x,y,z,c) = (T)_linear_atXY(cx + (x-cx)*ca + (y-cy)*sa,cy - (x-cx)*sa + (y-cy)*ca,z,c);
-        } break;
-        default : {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
-#endif
-          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
-            res(x,y,z,c) = _atXY((int)(cx + (x-cx)*ca + (y-cy)*sa),(int)(cy - (x-cx)*sa + (y-cy)*ca),z,c);
-        }
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 2 : {
-        switch (interpolation) {
-        case 2 : {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
-#endif
-          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c) {
-            const Tfloat val = _cubic_atXY(cimg::mod(cx + (x-cx)*ca + (y-cy)*sa,(float)width()),
-                                           cimg::mod(cy - (x-cx)*sa + (y-cy)*ca,(float)height()),z,c);
-            res(x,y,z,c) = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 1 : {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
-#endif
-          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
-            res(x,y,z,c) = (T)_linear_atXY(cimg::mod(cx + (x-cx)*ca + (y-cy)*sa,(float)width()),
-                                           cimg::mod(cy - (x-cx)*sa + (y-cy)*ca,(float)height()),z,c);
-        } break;
-        default : {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
-#endif
-          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
-            res(x,y,z,c) = (*this)(cimg::mod((int)(cx + (x-cx)*ca + (y-cy)*sa),width()),
-                                    cimg::mod((int)(cy - (x-cx)*sa + (y-cy)*ca),height()),z,c);
-        }
-        }
-      } break;
-      default :
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "rotate(): Invalid specified border conditions %d "
-                                    "(should be { 0=dirichlet | 1=neumann | 2=periodic }).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    boundary);
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Warp image content by a warping field.
-    /**
-       \param warp Warping field.
-       \param is_relative Tells if warping field gives absolute or relative warping coordinates.
-       \param interpolation Can be <tt>{ 0=nearest | 1=linear | 2=cubic }</tt>.
-       \param boundary_conditions Boundary conditions. Can be <tt>{ 0=dirichlet | 1=neumann | 2=periodic }</tt>.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& warp(const CImg<t>& warp, const bool is_relative=false,
-                  const unsigned int interpolation=1, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=0) {
-      return get_warp(warp,is_relative,interpolation,boundary_conditions).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Warp image content by a warping field \newinstance
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> get_warp(const CImg<t>& warp, const bool is_relative=false,
-                     const unsigned int interpolation=1, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=0) const {
-      if (is_empty() || !warp) return *this;
-      if (is_relative && !is_sameXYZ(warp))
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "warp(): Instance and specified relative warping field (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) "
-                                    "have different XYZ dimensions.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    warp._width,warp._height,warp._depth,warp._spectrum,warp._data);
-
-      CImg<T> res(warp._width,warp._height,warp._depth,_spectrum);
-
-      if (warp._spectrum==1) { // 1d warping.
-        if (is_relative) { // Relative warp.
-          if (interpolation==2) { // Cubic interpolation.
-            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atX(cimg::mod(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),y,z,c);
-              }
-            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atX(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y,z,c);
-              }
-            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)cubic_atX(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y,z,c,0);
-              }
-          } else if (interpolation==1) { // Linear interpolation.
-            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atX(cimg::mod(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),y,z,c);
-              }
-            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atX(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y,z,c);
-              }
-            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)linear_atX(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y,z,c,0);
-              }
-          } else { // Nearest-neighbor interpolation.
-            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (*this)(cimg::mod(x - (int)*(ptrs0++),(int)_width),y,z,c);
-              }
-            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = _atX(x - (int)*(ptrs0++),y,z,c);
-              }
-            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = atX(x - (int)*(ptrs0++),y,z,c,0);
-              }
-          }
-        } else { // Absolute warp.
-          if (interpolation==2) { // Cubic interpolation.
-            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atX(cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),0,0,c);
-              }
-            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atX((float)*(ptrs0++),0,0,c);
-              }
-            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)cubic_atX((float)*(ptrs0++),0,0,c,0);
-              }
-          } else if (interpolation==1) { // Linear interpolation.
-            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atX(cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),0,0,c);
-              }
-            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atX((float)*(ptrs0++),0,0,c);
-              }
-            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)linear_atX((float)*(ptrs0++),0,0,c,0);
-              }
-          } else { // Nearest-neighbor interpolation.
-            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (*this)(cimg::mod((int)*(ptrs0++),(int)_width),0,0,c);
-              }
-            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = _atX((int)*(ptrs0++),0,0,c);
-              }
-            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = atX((int)*(ptrs0++),0,0,c,0);
-              }
-          }
-        }
-
-      } else if (warp._spectrum==2) { // 2d warping.
-        if (is_relative) { // Relative warp.
-          if (interpolation==2) { // Cubic interpolation.
-            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atXY(cimg::mod(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),
-                                                            cimg::mod(y - (float)*(ptrs1++),(float)_height),z,c);
-              }
-            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atXY(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y - (float)*(ptrs1++),z,c);
-              }
-            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)cubic_atXY(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y - (float)*(ptrs1++),z,c,0);
-              }
-          } else if (interpolation==1) { // Linear interpolation.
-            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atXY(cimg::mod(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),
-                                                             cimg::mod(y - (float)*(ptrs1++),(float)_height),z,c);
-              }
-            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atXY(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y - (float)*(ptrs1++),z,c);
-              }
-            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)linear_atXY(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y - (float)*(ptrs1++),z,c,0);
-              }
-          } else { // Nearest-neighbor interpolation.
-            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (*this)(cimg::mod(x - (int)*(ptrs0++),(int)_width),
-                                                     cimg::mod(y - (int)*(ptrs1++),(int)_height),z,c);
-              }
-            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = _atXY(x - (int)*(ptrs0++),y - (int)*(ptrs1++),z,c);
-              }
-            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = atXY(x - (int)*(ptrs0++),y - (int)*(ptrs1++),z,c,0);
-              }
-          }
-        } else { // Absolute warp.
-          if (interpolation==2) { // Cubic interpolation.
-            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atXY(cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),
-                                                            cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs1++),(float)_height),0,c);
-              }
-            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atXY((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)*(ptrs1++),0,c);
-              }
-            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)cubic_atXY((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)*(ptrs1++),0,c,0);
-              }
-          } else if (interpolation==1) { // Linear interpolation.
-            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atXY(cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),
-                                                             cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs1++),(float)_height),0,c);
-              }
-            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atXY((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)*(ptrs1++),0,c);
-              }
-            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)linear_atXY((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)*(ptrs1++),0,c,0);
-              }
-          } else { // Nearest-neighbor interpolation.
-            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (*this)(cimg::mod((int)*(ptrs0++),(int)_width),
-                                                     cimg::mod((int)*(ptrs1++),(int)_height),0,c);
-              }
-            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = _atXY((int)*(ptrs0++),(int)*(ptrs1++),0,c);
-              }
-            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = atXY((int)*(ptrs0++),(int)*(ptrs1++),0,c,0);
-              }
-          }
-        }
-
-      } else if (warp._spectrum==3) { // 3d warping.
-        if (is_relative) { // Relative warp.
-          if (interpolation==2) { // Cubic interpolation.
-            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
-                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atXYZ(cimg::mod(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),
-                                                             cimg::mod(y - (float)*(ptrs1++),(float)_height),
-                                                             cimg::mod(z - (float)*(ptrs2++),(float)_depth),c);
-              }
-            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
-                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x)
-                  *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atXYZ(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y - (float)*(ptrs1++),z - (float)*(ptrs2++),c);
-              }
-            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
-                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x)
-                  *(ptrd++) = (T)cubic_atXYZ(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y - (float)*(ptrs1++),z - (float)*(ptrs2++),c,0);
-              }
-          } else if (interpolation==1) { // Linear interpolation.
-            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
-                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atXYZ(cimg::mod(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),
-                                                              cimg::mod(y - (float)*(ptrs1++),(float)_height),
-                                                              cimg::mod(z - (float)*(ptrs2++),(float)_depth),c);
-              }
-            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
-                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x)
-                  *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atXYZ(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y - (float)*(ptrs1++),z - (float)*(ptrs2++),c);
-              }
-            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
-                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x)
-                  *(ptrd++) = (T)linear_atXYZ(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y - (float)*(ptrs1++),z - (float)*(ptrs2++),c,0);
-              }
-          } else { // Nearest neighbor interpolation.
-            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
-                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (*this)(cimg::mod(x - (int)*(ptrs0++),(int)_width),
-                                                     cimg::mod(y - (int)*(ptrs1++),(int)_height),
-                                                     cimg::mod(z - (int)*(ptrs2++),(int)_depth),c);
-              }
-            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
-                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = _atXYZ(x - (int)*(ptrs0++),y - (int)*(ptrs1++),z - (int)*(ptrs2++),c);
-              }
-            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
-                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = atXYZ(x - (int)*(ptrs0++),y - (int)*(ptrs1++),z - (int)*(ptrs2++),c,0);
-              }
-          }
-        } else { // Absolute warp.
-          if (interpolation==2) { // Cubic interpolation.
-            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
-                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atXYZ(cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),
-                                                             cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs1++),(float)_height),
-                                                             cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs2++),(float)_depth),c);
-              }
-            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
-                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atXYZ((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)*(ptrs1++),(float)*(ptrs2++),c);
-              }
-            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
-                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)cubic_atXYZ((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)*(ptrs1++),(float)*(ptrs2++),c,0);
-              }
-          } else if (interpolation==1) { // Linear interpolation.
-            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
-                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atXYZ(cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),
-                                                              cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs1++),(float)_height),
-                                                              cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs2++),(float)_depth),c);
-              }
-            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
-                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atXYZ((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)*(ptrs1++),(float)*(ptrs2++),c);
-              }
-            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
-                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)linear_atXYZ((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)*(ptrs1++),(float)*(ptrs2++),c,0);
-              }
-          } else { // Nearest-neighbor interpolation.
-            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
-                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (*this)(cimg::mod((int)*(ptrs0++),(int)_width),
-                                                     cimg::mod((int)*(ptrs1++),(int)_height),
-                                                     cimg::mod((int)*(ptrs2++),(int)_depth),c);
-              }
-            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
-                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = _atXYZ((int)*(ptrs0++),(int)*(ptrs1++),(int)*(ptrs2++),c);
-              }
-            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
-              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
-                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
-                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
-                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = atXYZ((int)*(ptrs0++),(int)*(ptrs1++),(int)*(ptrs2++),c,0);
-              }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Generate a 2d representation of a 3d image, with XY,XZ and YZ views.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the projection point.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the projection point.
-       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the projection point.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> get_projections2d(const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0, const unsigned int z0) const {
-      if (is_empty() || _depth<2) return +*this;
-      const unsigned int
-        _x0 = (x0>=_width)?_width - 1:x0,
-        _y0 = (y0>=_height)?_height - 1:y0,
-        _z0 = (z0>=_depth)?_depth - 1:z0;
-      const CImg<T>
-        img_xy = get_crop(0,0,_z0,0,_width-1,_height-1,_z0,_spectrum-1),
-        img_zy = get_crop(_x0,0,0,0,_x0,_height-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).permute_axes("xzyc").
-        resize(_depth,_height,1,-100,-1),
-        img_xz = get_crop(0,_y0,0,0,_width-1,_y0,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).resize(_width,_depth,1,-100,-1);
-      return CImg<T>(_width + _depth,_height + _depth,1,_spectrum,cimg::min(img_xy.min(),img_zy.min(),img_xz.min())).
-        draw_image(0,0,img_xy).draw_image(img_xy._width,0,img_zy).
-        draw_image(0,img_xy._height,img_xz);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct a 2d representation of a 3d image, with XY,XZ and YZ views \inplace.
-    CImg<T>& projections2d(const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0, const unsigned int z0) {
-      if (_depth<2) return *this;
-      return get_projections2d(x0,y0,z0).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Crop image region.
-    /**
-       \param x0 = X-coordinate of the upper-left crop rectangle corner.
-       \param y0 = Y-coordinate of the upper-left crop rectangle corner.
-       \param z0 = Z-coordinate of the upper-left crop rectangle corner.
-       \param c0 = C-coordinate of the upper-left crop rectangle corner.
-       \param x1 = X-coordinate of the lower-right crop rectangle corner.
-       \param y1 = Y-coordinate of the lower-right crop rectangle corner.
-       \param z1 = Z-coordinate of the lower-right crop rectangle corner.
-       \param c1 = C-coordinate of the lower-right crop rectangle corner.
-       \param boundary_conditions = Dirichlet (false) or Neumann border conditions.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& crop(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0, const int c0,
-                  const int x1, const int y1, const int z1, const int c1,
-                  const bool boundary_conditions=false) {
-      return get_crop(x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,boundary_conditions).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Crop image region \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_crop(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0, const int c0,
-                     const int x1, const int y1, const int z1, const int c1,
-                     const bool boundary_conditions=false) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "crop(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      const int
-        nx0 = x0<x1?x0:x1, nx1 = x0^x1^nx0,
-        ny0 = y0<y1?y0:y1, ny1 = y0^y1^ny0,
-        nz0 = z0<z1?z0:z1, nz1 = z0^z1^nz0,
-        nc0 = c0<c1?c0:c1, nc1 = c0^c1^nc0;
-      CImg<T> res(1U + nx1 - nx0,1U + ny1 - ny0,1U + nz1 - nz0,1U + nc1 - nc0);
-      if (nx0<0 || nx1>=width() || ny0<0 || ny1>=height() || nz0<0 || nz1>=depth() || nc0<0 || nc1>=spectrum()) {
-        if (boundary_conditions) cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c) res(x,y,z,c) = _atXYZC(nx0+x,ny0+y,nz0+z,nc0+c);
-        else res.fill(0).draw_image(-nx0,-ny0,-nz0,-nc0,*this);
-      } else res.draw_image(-nx0,-ny0,-nz0,-nc0,*this);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Crop image region \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& crop(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0,
-                  const int x1, const int y1, const int z1,
-                  const bool boundary_conditions=false) {
-      return crop(x0,y0,z0,0,x1,y1,z1,_spectrum-1,boundary_conditions);
-    }
-
-    //! Crop image region \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_crop(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0,
-                     const int x1, const int y1, const int z1,
-                     const bool boundary_conditions=false) const {
-      return get_crop(x0,y0,z0,0,x1,y1,z1,_spectrum-1,boundary_conditions);
-    }
-
-    //! Crop image region \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& crop(const int x0, const int y0,
-                  const int x1, const int y1,
-                  const bool boundary_conditions=false) {
-      return crop(x0,y0,0,0,x1,y1,_depth - 1,_spectrum - 1,boundary_conditions);
-    }
-
-    //! Crop image region \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_crop(const int x0, const int y0,
-                     const int x1, const int y1,
-                     const bool boundary_conditions=false) const {
-      return get_crop(x0,y0,0,0,x1,y1,_depth - 1,_spectrum - 1,boundary_conditions);
-    }
-
-    //! Crop image region \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& crop(const int x0, const int x1, const bool boundary_conditions=false) {
-      return crop(x0,0,0,0,x1,_height-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1,boundary_conditions);
-    }
-
-    //! Crop image region \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_crop(const int x0, const int x1, const bool boundary_conditions=false) const {
-      return get_crop(x0,0,0,0,x1,_height-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1,boundary_conditions);
-    }
-
-    //! Autocrop image region, regarding the specified background value.
-    CImg<T>& autocrop(const T value, const char *const axes="czyx") {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      for (const char *s = axes; *s; ++s) {
-        const char axis = cimg::uncase(*s);
-        const CImg<intT> coords = _autocrop(value,axis);
-        if (coords[0]==-1 && coords[1]==-1) return assign(); // Image has only 'value' pixels.
-        else switch (axis) {
-        case 'x' : {
-	  const int x0 = coords[0], x1 = coords[1];
-	  if (x0>=0 && x1>=0) crop(x0,x1);
-	} break;
-        case 'y' : {
-	  const int y0 = coords[0], y1 = coords[1];
-	  if (y0>=0 && y1>=0) crop(0,y0,_width-1,y1);
-	} break;
-        case 'z' : {
-	  const int z0 = coords[0], z1 = coords[1];
-	  if (z0>=0 && z1>=0) crop(0,0,z0,_width-1,_height-1,z1);
-	} break;
-        default : {
-	  const int c0 = coords[0], c1 = coords[1];
-	  if (c0>=0 && c1>=0) crop(0,0,0,c0,_width-1,_height-1,_depth-1,c1);
-	}
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Autocrop image region, regarding the specified background value \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_autocrop(const T value, const char *const axes="czyx") const {
-      return (+*this).autocrop(value,axes);
-    }
-
-    //! Autocrop image region, regarding the specified background color.
-    /**
-       \param color Color used for the crop. If \c 0, color is guessed.
-       \param axes Axes used for the crop.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& autocrop(const T *const color=0, const char *const axes="zyx") {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (!color) { // Guess color.
-        const CImg<T> col1 = get_vector_at(0,0,0);
-        const unsigned int w = _width, h = _height, d = _depth, s = _spectrum;
-        autocrop(col1,axes);
-        if (_width==w && _height==h && _depth==d && _spectrum==s) {
-          const CImg<T> col2 = get_vector_at(w-1,h-1,d-1);
-          autocrop(col2,axes);
-        }
-        return *this;
-      }
-      for (const char *s = axes; *s; ++s) {
-        const char axis = cimg::uncase(*s);
-        switch (axis) {
-        case 'x' : {
-	  int x0 = width(), x1 = -1;
-	  cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-	    const CImg<intT> coords = get_shared_channel(c)._autocrop(color[c],'x');
-	    const int nx0 = coords[0], nx1 = coords[1];
-	    if (nx0>=0 && nx1>=0) { x0 = cimg::min(x0,nx0); x1 = cimg::max(x1,nx1); }
-	  }
-          if (x0==width() && x1==-1) return assign(); else crop(x0,x1);
-	} break;
-        case 'y' : {
-	  int y0 = height(), y1 = -1;
-	  cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-	    const CImg<intT> coords = get_shared_channel(c)._autocrop(color[c],'y');
-	    const int ny0 = coords[0], ny1 = coords[1];
-	    if (ny0>=0 && ny1>=0) { y0 = cimg::min(y0,ny0); y1 = cimg::max(y1,ny1); }
-	  }
-          if (y0==height() && y1==-1) return assign(); else crop(0,y0,_width-1,y1);
-	} break;
-        default : {
-	  int z0 = depth(), z1 = -1;
-	  cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-	    const CImg<intT> coords = get_shared_channel(c)._autocrop(color[c],'z');
-	    const int nz0 = coords[0], nz1 = coords[1];
-	    if (nz0>=0 && nz1>=0) { z0 = cimg::min(z0,nz0); z1 = cimg::max(z1,nz1); }
-	  }
-	  if (z0==depth() && z1==-1) return assign(); else crop(0,0,z0,_width-1,_height-1,z1);
-	}
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Autocrop image region, regarding the specified background color \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_autocrop(const T *const color=0, const char *const axes="zyx") const {
-      return (+*this).autocrop(color,axes);
-    }
-
-    //! Autocrop image region, regarding the specified background color \overloading.
-    template<typename t> CImg<T>& autocrop(const CImg<t>& color, const char *const axes="zyx") {
-      return get_autocrop(color,axes).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Autocrop image region, regarding the specified background color \newinstance.
-    template<typename t> CImg<T> get_autocrop(const CImg<t>& color, const char *const axes="zyx") const {
-      return get_autocrop(color._data,axes);
-    }
-
-    CImg<intT> _autocrop(const T value, const char axis) const {
-      CImg<intT> res;
-      switch (cimg::uncase(axis)) {
-      case 'x' : {
-        int x0 = -1, x1 = -1;
-        cimg_forX(*this,x) cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c)
-          if ((*this)(x,y,z,c)!=value) { x0 = x; x = width(); y = height(); z = depth(); c = spectrum(); }
-	if (x0>=0) {
-          for (int x = width()-1; x>=0; --x) cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c)
-            if ((*this)(x,y,z,c)!=value) { x1 = x; x = 0; y = height(); z = depth(); c = spectrum(); }
-        }
-	res = CImg<intT>::vector(x0,x1);
-      } break;
-      case 'y' : {
-        int y0 = -1, y1 = -1;
-        cimg_forY(*this,y) cimg_forXZC(*this,x,z,c)
-          if ((*this)(x,y,z,c)!=value) { y0 = y; x = width(); y = height(); z = depth(); c = spectrum(); }
-	if (y0>=0) {
-          for (int y = height()-1; y>=0; --y) cimg_forXZC(*this,x,z,c)
-            if ((*this)(x,y,z,c)!=value) { y1 = y; x = width(); y = 0; z = depth(); c = spectrum(); }
-        }
-  	res = CImg<intT>::vector(y0,y1);
-      } break;
-      case 'z' : {
-        int z0 = -1, z1 = -1;
-        cimg_forZ(*this,z) cimg_forXYC(*this,x,y,c)
-          if ((*this)(x,y,z,c)!=value) { z0 = z; x = width(); y = height(); z = depth(); c = spectrum(); }
-	if (z0>=0) {
-          for (int z = depth()-1; z>=0; --z) cimg_forXYC(*this,x,y,c)
-            if ((*this)(x,y,z,c)!=value) { z1 = z; x = width(); y = height(); z = 0; c = spectrum(); }
-        }
-  	res = CImg<intT>::vector(z0,z1);
-      } break;
-      default : {
-        int c0 = -1, c1 = -1;
-        cimg_forC(*this,c) cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z)
-          if ((*this)(x,y,z,c)!=value) { c0 = c; x = width(); y = height(); z = depth(); c = spectrum(); }
-	if (c0>=0) {
-          for (int c = spectrum()-1; c>=0; --c) cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z)
-            if ((*this)(x,y,z,c)!=value) { c1 = c; x = width(); y = height(); z = depth(); c = 0; }
-        }
-  	res = CImg<intT>::vector(c0,c1);
-      }
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Return specified image column.
-    /**
-       \param x0 Image column.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> get_column(const int x0) const {
-      return get_columns(x0,x0);
-    }
-
-    //! Return specified image column \inplace.
-    CImg<T>& column(const int x0) {
-      return columns(x0,x0);
-    }
-
-    //! Return specified range of image columns.
-    /**
-       \param x0 Starting image column.
-       \param x1 Ending image column.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& columns(const int x0, const int x1) {
-      return get_columns(x0,x1).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Return specified range of image columns \inplace.
-    CImg<T> get_columns(const int x0, const int x1) const {
-      return get_crop(x0,0,0,0,x1,height()-1,depth()-1,spectrum()-1);
-    }
-
-    //! Return specified image row.
-    CImg<T> get_row(const int y0) const {
-      return get_rows(y0,y0);
-    }
-
-    //! Return specified image row \inplace.
-    /**
-       \param y0 Image row.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& row(const int y0) {
-      return rows(y0,y0);
-    }
-
-    //! Return specified range of image rows.
-    /**
-       \param y0 Starting image row.
-       \param y1 Ending image row.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> get_rows(const int y0, const int y1) const {
-      return get_crop(0,y0,0,0,width()-1,y1,depth()-1,spectrum()-1);
-    }
-
-    //! Return specified range of image rows \inplace.
-    CImg<T>& rows(const int y0, const int y1) {
-      return get_rows(y0,y1).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Return specified image slice.
-    /**
-       \param z0 Image slice.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> get_slice(const int z0) const {
-      return get_slices(z0,z0);
-    }
-
-    //! Return specified image slice \inplace.
-    CImg<T>& slice(const int z0) {
-      return slices(z0,z0);
-    }
-
-    //! Return specified range of image slices.
-    /**
-       \param z0 Starting image slice.
-       \param z1 Ending image slice.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> get_slices(const int z0, const int z1) const {
-      return get_crop(0,0,z0,0,width()-1,height()-1,z1,spectrum()-1);
-    }
-
-    //! Return specified range of image slices \inplace.
-    CImg<T>& slices(const int z0, const int z1) {
-      return get_slices(z0,z1).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Return specified image channel.
-    /**
-       \param c0 Image channel.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> get_channel(const int c0) const {
-      return get_channels(c0,c0);
-    }
-
-    //! Return specified image channel \inplace.
-    CImg<T>& channel(const int c0) {
-      return channels(c0,c0);
-    }
-
-    //! Return specified range of image channels.
-    /**
-       \param c0 Starting image channel.
-       \param c1 Ending image channel.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> get_channels(const int c0, const int c1) const {
-      return get_crop(0,0,0,c0,width()-1,height()-1,depth()-1,c1);
-    }
-
-    //! Return specified range of image channels \inplace.
-    CImg<T>& channels(const int c0, const int c1) {
-      return get_channels(c0,c1).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Return stream line of a 2d or 3d vector field.
-    CImg<floatT> get_streamline(const float x, const float y, const float z,
-                                const float L=256, const float dl=0.1f,
-                                const unsigned int interpolation_type=2, const bool is_backward_tracking=false,
-                                const bool is_oriented_only=false) const {
-      if (_spectrum!=2 && _spectrum!=3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "streamline(): Instance is not a 2d or 3d vector field.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (_spectrum==2) {
-        if (is_oriented_only) {
-          typename CImg<T>::_functor4d_streamline2d_oriented func(*this);
-          return streamline(func,x,y,z,L,dl,interpolation_type,is_backward_tracking,true,
-                            0,0,0,_width-1.0f,_height-1.0f,0.0f);
-        } else {
-          typename CImg<T>::_functor4d_streamline2d_directed func(*this);
-          return streamline(func,x,y,z,L,dl,interpolation_type,is_backward_tracking,false,
-                            0,0,0,_width-1.0f,_height-1.0f,0.0f);
-        }
-      }
-      if (is_oriented_only) {
-        typename CImg<T>::_functor4d_streamline3d_oriented func(*this);
-        return streamline(func,x,y,z,L,dl,interpolation_type,is_backward_tracking,true,
-                          0,0,0,_width-1.0f,_height-1.0f,_depth-1.0f);
-      }
-      typename CImg<T>::_functor4d_streamline3d_directed func(*this);
-      return streamline(func,x,y,z,L,dl,interpolation_type,is_backward_tracking,false,
-                        0,0,0,_width-1.0f,_height-1.0f,_depth-1.0f);
-    }
-
-    //! Return stream line of a 3d vector field.
-    /**
-       \param func Vector field function.
-       \param x X-coordinate of the starting point of the streamline.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the starting point of the streamline.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the starting point of the streamline.
-       \param L Streamline length.
-       \param dl Streamline length increment.
-       \param interpolation_type Type of interpolation.
-         Can be <tt>{ 0=nearest int | 1=linear | 2=2nd-order RK | 3=4th-order RK. }</tt>.
-       \param is_backward_tracking Tells if the streamline is estimated forward or backward.
-       \param is_oriented_only Tells if the direction of the vectors must be ignored.
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the first bounding-box vertex.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the first bounding-box vertex.
-       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the first bounding-box vertex.
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the second bounding-box vertex.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the second bounding-box vertex.
-       \param z1 Z-coordinate of the second bounding-box vertex.
-    **/
-    template<typename tfunc>
-    static CImg<floatT> streamline(const tfunc& func,
-                                   const float x, const float y, const float z,
-                                   const float L=256, const float dl=0.1f,
-                                   const unsigned int interpolation_type=2, const bool is_backward_tracking=false,
-                                   const bool is_oriented_only=false,
-                                   const float x0=0, const float y0=0, const float z0=0,
-                                   const float x1=0, const float y1=0, const float z1=0) {
-      if (dl<=0)
-        throw CImgArgumentException("CImg<%s>::streamline(): Invalid specified integration length %g "
-                                    "(should be >0).",
-                                    pixel_type(),
-                                    dl);
-
-      const bool is_bounded = (x0!=x1 || y0!=y1 || z0!=z1);
-      if (L<=0 || (is_bounded && (x<x0 || x>x1 || y<y0 || y>y1 || z<z0 || z>z1))) return CImg<floatT>();
-      const unsigned int size_L = (unsigned int)cimg::round(L/dl+1);
-      CImg<floatT> coordinates(size_L,3);
-      const float dl2 = dl/2;
-      float
-        *ptr_x = coordinates.data(0,0),
-        *ptr_y = coordinates.data(0,1),
-        *ptr_z = coordinates.data(0,2),
-        pu = (float)(dl*func(x,y,z,0)),
-        pv = (float)(dl*func(x,y,z,1)),
-        pw = (float)(dl*func(x,y,z,2)),
-        X = x, Y = y, Z = z;
-
-      switch (interpolation_type) {
-      case 0 : { // Nearest integer interpolation.
-        cimg_forX(coordinates,l) {
-          *(ptr_x++) = X; *(ptr_y++) = Y; *(ptr_z++) = Z;
-          const int
-            xi = (int)(X>0?X+0.5f:X-0.5f),
-            yi = (int)(Y>0?Y+0.5f:Y-0.5f),
-            zi = (int)(Z>0?Z+0.5f:Z-0.5f);
-          float
-            u = (float)(dl*func((float)xi,(float)yi,(float)zi,0)),
-            v = (float)(dl*func((float)xi,(float)yi,(float)zi,1)),
-            w = (float)(dl*func((float)xi,(float)yi,(float)zi,2));
-          if (is_oriented_only && u*pu + v*pv + w*pw<0) { u = -u; v = -v; w = -w; }
-          if (is_backward_tracking) { X-=(pu=u); Y-=(pv=v); Z-=(pw=w); } else { X+=(pu=u); Y+=(pv=v); Z+=(pw=w); }
-          if (is_bounded && (X<x0 || X>x1 || Y<y0 || Y>y1 || Z<z0 || Z>z1)) break;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 1 : { // First-order interpolation.
-        cimg_forX(coordinates,l) {
-          *(ptr_x++) = X; *(ptr_y++) = Y; *(ptr_z++) = Z;
-          float
-            u = (float)(dl*func(X,Y,Z,0)),
-            v = (float)(dl*func(X,Y,Z,1)),
-            w = (float)(dl*func(X,Y,Z,2));
-          if (is_oriented_only && u*pu + v*pv + w*pw<0) { u = -u; v = -v; w = -w; }
-          if (is_backward_tracking) { X-=(pu=u); Y-=(pv=v); Z-=(pw=w); } else { X+=(pu=u); Y+=(pv=v); Z+=(pw=w); }
-          if (is_bounded && (X<x0 || X>x1 || Y<y0 || Y>y1 || Z<z0 || Z>z1)) break;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 2 : { // Second order interpolation.
-        cimg_forX(coordinates,l) {
-          *(ptr_x++) = X; *(ptr_y++) = Y; *(ptr_z++) = Z;
-          float
-            u0 = (float)(dl2*func(X,Y,Z,0)),
-            v0 = (float)(dl2*func(X,Y,Z,1)),
-            w0 = (float)(dl2*func(X,Y,Z,2));
-          if (is_oriented_only && u0*pu + v0*pv + w0*pw<0) { u0 = -u0; v0 = -v0; w0 = -w0; }
-          float
-            u = (float)(dl*func(X+u0,Y+v0,Z+w0,0)),
-            v = (float)(dl*func(X+u0,Y+v0,Z+w0,1)),
-            w = (float)(dl*func(X+u0,Y+v0,Z+w0,2));
-          if (is_oriented_only && u*pu + v*pv + w*pw<0) { u = -u; v = -v; w = -w; }
-          if (is_backward_tracking) { X-=(pu=u); Y-=(pv=v); Z-=(pw=w); } else { X+=(pu=u); Y+=(pv=v); Z+=(pw=w); }
-          if (is_bounded && (X<x0 || X>x1 || Y<y0 || Y>y1 || Z<z0 || Z>z1)) break;
-        }
-      } break;
-      default : { // Fourth order interpolation.
-        cimg_forX(coordinates,x) {
-          *(ptr_x++) = X; *(ptr_y++) = Y; *(ptr_z++) = Z;
-          float
-            u0 = (float)(dl2*func(X,Y,Z,0)),
-            v0 = (float)(dl2*func(X,Y,Z,1)),
-            w0 = (float)(dl2*func(X,Y,Z,2));
-          if (is_oriented_only && u0*pu + v0*pv + w0*pw<0) { u0 = -u0; v0 = -v0; w0 = -w0; }
-          float
-            u1 = (float)(dl2*func(X+u0,Y+v0,Z+w0,0)),
-            v1 = (float)(dl2*func(X+u0,Y+v0,Z+w0,1)),
-            w1 = (float)(dl2*func(X+u0,Y+v0,Z+w0,2));
-          if (is_oriented_only && u1*pu + v1*pv + w1*pw<0) { u1 = -u1; v1 = -v1; w1 = -w1; }
-          float
-            u2 = (float)(dl2*func(X+u1,Y+v1,Z+w1,0)),
-            v2 = (float)(dl2*func(X+u1,Y+v1,Z+w1,1)),
-            w2 = (float)(dl2*func(X+u1,Y+v1,Z+w1,2));
-          if (is_oriented_only && u2*pu + v2*pv + w2*pw<0) { u2 = -u2; v2 = -v2; w2 = -w2; }
-          float
-            u3 = (float)(dl2*func(X+u2,Y+v2,Z+w2,0)),
-            v3 = (float)(dl2*func(X+u2,Y+v2,Z+w2,1)),
-            w3 = (float)(dl2*func(X+u2,Y+v2,Z+w2,2));
-          if (is_oriented_only && u2*pu + v2*pv + w2*pw<0) { u3 = -u3; v3 = -v3; w3 = -w3; }
-          const float
-            u = (u0 + u3)/3 + (u1 + u2)/1.5f,
-            v = (v0 + v3)/3 + (v1 + v2)/1.5f,
-            w = (w0 + w3)/3 + (w1 + w2)/1.5f;
-          if (is_backward_tracking) { X-=(pu=u); Y-=(pv=v); Z-=(pw=w); } else { X+=(pu=u); Y+=(pv=v); Z+=(pw=w); }
-          if (is_bounded && (X<x0 || X>x1 || Y<y0 || Y>y1 || Z<z0 || Z>z1)) break;
-        }
-      }
-      }
-      if (ptr_x!=coordinates.data(0,1)) coordinates.resize((int)(ptr_x-coordinates.data()),3,1,1,0);
-      return coordinates;
-    }
-
-    //! Return stream line of a 3d vector field \overloading.
-    static CImg<floatT> streamline(const char *const expression,
-                                   const float x, const float y, const float z,
-                                   const float L=256, const float dl=0.1f,
-                                   const unsigned int interpolation_type=2, const bool is_backward_tracking=true,
-                                   const bool is_oriented_only=false,
-                                   const float x0=0, const float y0=0, const float z0=0,
-                                   const float x1=0, const float y1=0, const float z1=0) {
-      _functor4d_streamline_expr func(expression);
-      return streamline(func,x,y,z,L,dl,interpolation_type,is_backward_tracking,is_oriented_only,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1);
-    }
-
-    struct _functor4d_streamline2d_directed {
-      const CImg<T>& ref;
-      _functor4d_streamline2d_directed(const CImg<T>& pref):ref(pref) {}
-      float operator()(const float x, const float y, const float z, const unsigned int c) const {
-        return c<2?(float)ref._linear_atXY(x,y,(int)z,c):0;
-      }
-    };
-
-    struct _functor4d_streamline3d_directed {
-      const CImg<T>& ref;
-      _functor4d_streamline3d_directed(const CImg<T>& pref):ref(pref) {}
-      float operator()(const float x, const float y, const float z, const unsigned int c) const {
-        return (float)ref._linear_atXYZ(x,y,z,c);
-      }
-    };
-
-    struct _functor4d_streamline2d_oriented {
-      const CImg<T>& ref;
-      CImg<floatT> *pI;
-      _functor4d_streamline2d_oriented(const CImg<T>& pref):ref(pref),pI(0) { pI = new CImg<floatT>(2,2,1,2); }
-      ~_functor4d_streamline2d_oriented() { delete pI; }
-      float operator()(const float x, const float y, const float z, const unsigned int c) const {
-#define _cimg_vecalign2d(i,j) if (I(i,j,0)*I(0,0,0)+I(i,j,1)*I(0,0,1)<0) { I(i,j,0) = -I(i,j,0); I(i,j,1) = -I(i,j,1); }
-        int
-          xi = (int)x - (x>=0?0:1), nxi = xi + 1,
-          yi = (int)y - (y>=0?0:1), nyi = yi + 1,
-          zi = (int)z;
-        const float
-          dx = x - xi,
-          dy = y - yi;
-        if (c==0) {
-          CImg<floatT>& I = *pI;
-          if (xi<0) xi = 0; if (nxi<0) nxi = 0;
-          if (xi>=ref.width()) xi = ref.width()-1; if (nxi>=ref.width()) nxi = ref.width()-1;
-          if (yi<0) yi = 0; if (nyi<0) nyi = 0;
-          if (yi>=ref.height()) yi = ref.height()-1; if (nyi>=ref.height()) nyi = ref.height()-1;
-          I(0,0,0) = (float)ref(xi,yi,zi,0);   I(0,0,1) = (float)ref(xi,yi,zi,1);
-          I(1,0,0) = (float)ref(nxi,yi,zi,0);  I(1,0,1) = (float)ref(nxi,yi,zi,1);
-          I(1,1,0) = (float)ref(nxi,nyi,zi,0); I(1,1,1) = (float)ref(nxi,nyi,zi,1);
-          I(0,1,0) = (float)ref(xi,nyi,zi,0);  I(0,1,1) = (float)ref(xi,nyi,zi,1);
-          _cimg_vecalign2d(1,0); _cimg_vecalign2d(1,1); _cimg_vecalign2d(0,1);
-        }
-        return c<2?(float)pI->_linear_atXY(dx,dy,0,c):0;
-      }
-    };
-
-    struct _functor4d_streamline3d_oriented {
-      const CImg<T>& ref;
-      CImg<floatT> *pI;
-      _functor4d_streamline3d_oriented(const CImg<T>& pref):ref(pref),pI(0) { pI = new CImg<floatT>(2,2,2,3); }
-      ~_functor4d_streamline3d_oriented() { delete pI; }
-      float operator()(const float x, const float y, const float z, const unsigned int c) const {
-#define _cimg_vecalign3d(i,j,k) if (I(i,j,k,0)*I(0,0,0,0)+I(i,j,k,1)*I(0,0,0,1)+I(i,j,k,2)*I(0,0,0,2)<0) { \
-  I(i,j,k,0) = -I(i,j,k,0); I(i,j,k,1) = -I(i,j,k,1); I(i,j,k,2) = -I(i,j,k,2); }
-        int
-          xi = (int)x - (x>=0?0:1), nxi = xi + 1,
-          yi = (int)y - (y>=0?0:1), nyi = yi + 1,
-          zi = (int)z - (z>=0?0:1), nzi = zi + 1;
-        const float
-          dx = x - xi,
-          dy = y - yi,
-          dz = z - zi;
-        if (c==0) {
-          CImg<floatT>& I = *pI;
-          if (xi<0) xi = 0; if (nxi<0) nxi = 0;
-          if (xi>=ref.width()) xi = ref.width()-1; if (nxi>=ref.width()) nxi = ref.width()-1;
-          if (yi<0) yi = 0; if (nyi<0) nyi = 0;
-          if (yi>=ref.height()) yi = ref.height()-1; if (nyi>=ref.height()) nyi = ref.height()-1;
-          if (zi<0) zi = 0; if (nzi<0) nzi = 0;
-          if (zi>=ref.depth()) zi = ref.depth()-1; if (nzi>=ref.depth()) nzi = ref.depth()-1;
-          I(0,0,0,0) = (float)ref(xi,yi,zi,0); I(0,0,0,1) = (float)ref(xi,yi,zi,1);
-          I(0,0,0,2) = (float)ref(xi,yi,zi,2); I(1,0,0,0) = (float)ref(nxi,yi,zi,0);
-          I(1,0,0,1) = (float)ref(nxi,yi,zi,1); I(1,0,0,2) = (float)ref(nxi,yi,zi,2);
-          I(1,1,0,0) = (float)ref(nxi,nyi,zi,0); I(1,1,0,1) = (float)ref(nxi,nyi,zi,1);
-          I(1,1,0,2) = (float)ref(nxi,nyi,zi,2); I(0,1,0,0) = (float)ref(xi,nyi,zi,0);
-          I(0,1,0,1) = (float)ref(xi,nyi,zi,1); I(0,1,0,2) = (float)ref(xi,nyi,zi,2);
-          I(0,0,1,0) = (float)ref(xi,yi,nzi,0); I(0,0,1,1) = (float)ref(xi,yi,nzi,1);
-          I(0,0,1,2) = (float)ref(xi,yi,nzi,2); I(1,0,1,0) = (float)ref(nxi,yi,nzi,0);
-          I(1,0,1,1) = (float)ref(nxi,yi,nzi,1);  I(1,0,1,2) = (float)ref(nxi,yi,nzi,2);
-          I(1,1,1,0) = (float)ref(nxi,nyi,nzi,0); I(1,1,1,1) = (float)ref(nxi,nyi,nzi,1);
-          I(1,1,1,2) = (float)ref(nxi,nyi,nzi,2); I(0,1,1,0) = (float)ref(xi,nyi,nzi,0);
-          I(0,1,1,1) = (float)ref(xi,nyi,nzi,1);  I(0,1,1,2) = (float)ref(xi,nyi,nzi,2);
-          _cimg_vecalign3d(1,0,0); _cimg_vecalign3d(1,1,0); _cimg_vecalign3d(0,1,0);
-          _cimg_vecalign3d(0,0,1); _cimg_vecalign3d(1,0,1); _cimg_vecalign3d(1,1,1); _cimg_vecalign3d(0,1,1);
-        }
-        return (float)pI->_linear_atXYZ(dx,dy,dz,c);
-      }
-    };
-
-    struct _functor4d_streamline_expr {
-      _cimg_math_parser *mp;
-      ~_functor4d_streamline_expr() { delete mp; }
-      _functor4d_streamline_expr(const char *const expr):mp(0) {
-        mp = new _cimg_math_parser(CImg<T>::empty(),expr,"streamline");
-      }
-      float operator()(const float x, const float y, const float z, const unsigned int c) const {
-        return (float)(*mp)(x,y,z,c);
-      }
-    };
-
-    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing a range of pixels of the image instance.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting pixel.
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending pixel.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate.
-       \param z0 Z-coordinate.
-       \param c0 C-coordinate.
-     **/
-    CImg<T> get_shared_points(const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int x1,
-                              const unsigned int y0=0, const unsigned int z0=0, const unsigned int c0=0) {
-      const unsigned int beg = (unsigned int)offset(x0,y0,z0,c0), end = offset(x1,y0,z0,c0);
-      if (beg>end || beg>=size() || end>=size())
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "get_shared_points(): Invalid request of a shared-memory subset (%u->%u,%u,%u,%u).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    x0,x1,y0,z0,c0);
-
-      return CImg<T>(_data+beg,x1-x0+1,1,1,1,true);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing a range of pixels of the image instance \const.
-    const CImg<T> get_shared_points(const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int x1,
-                                    const unsigned int y0=0, const unsigned int z0=0, const unsigned int c0=0) const {
-      const unsigned int beg = (unsigned int)offset(x0,y0,z0,c0), end = offset(x1,y0,z0,c0);
-      if (beg>end || beg>=size() || end>=size())
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "get_shared_points(): Invalid request of a shared-memory subset (%u->%u,%u,%u,%u).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    x0,x1,y0,z0,c0);
-
-      return CImg<T>(_data+beg,x1-x0+1,1,1,1,true);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing a range of rows of the image instance.
-    /**
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting row.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending row.
-       \param z0 Z-coordinate.
-       \param c0 C-coordinate.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> get_shared_rows(const unsigned int y0, const unsigned int y1,
-                             const unsigned int z0=0, const unsigned int c0=0) {
-      const unsigned int beg = offset(0,y0,z0,c0), end = offset(0,y1,z0,c0);
-      if (beg>end || beg>=size() || end>=size())
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "get_shared_rows(): Invalid request of a shared-memory subset "
-                                    "(0->%u,%u->%u,%u,%u).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    _width-1,y0,y1,z0,c0);
-
-      return CImg<T>(_data+beg,_width,y1-y0+1,1,1,true);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing a range of rows of the image instance \const.
-    const CImg<T> get_shared_rows(const unsigned int y0, const unsigned int y1,
-                                   const unsigned int z0=0, const unsigned int c0=0) const {
-      const unsigned int beg = offset(0,y0,z0,c0), end = offset(0,y1,z0,c0);
-      if (beg>end || beg>=size() || end>=size())
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "get_shared_rows(): Invalid request of a shared-memory subset "
-                                    "(0->%u,%u->%u,%u,%u).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    _width-1,y0,y1,z0,c0);
-
-      return CImg<T>(_data+beg,_width,y1-y0+1,1,1,true);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing one row of the image instance.
-    /**
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate.
-       \param z0 Z-coordinate.
-       \param c0 C-coordinate.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> get_shared_row(const unsigned int y0, const unsigned int z0=0, const unsigned int c0=0) {
-      return get_shared_rows(y0,y0,z0,c0);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing one row of the image instance \const.
-    const CImg<T> get_shared_row(const unsigned int y0, const unsigned int z0=0, const unsigned int c0=0) const {
-      return get_shared_rows(y0,y0,z0,c0);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a shared memory image referencing a range of slices of the image instance.
-    /**
-       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the starting slice.
-       \param z1 Z-coordinate of the ending slice.
-       \param c0 C-coordinate.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> get_shared_slices(const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int z1, const unsigned int c0=0) {
-      const unsigned int beg = offset(0,0,z0,c0), end = offset(0,0,z1,c0);
-      if (beg>end || beg>=size() || end>=size())
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "get_shared_slices(): Invalid request of a shared-memory subset "
-                                    "(0->%u,0->%u,%u->%u,%u).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    _width-1,_height-1,z0,z1,c0);
-
-      return CImg<T>(_data+beg,_width,_height,z1-z0+1,1,true);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a shared memory image referencing a range of slices of the image instance \const.
-    const CImg<T> get_shared_slices(const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int z1, const unsigned int c0=0) const {
-      const unsigned int beg = offset(0,0,z0,c0), end = offset(0,0,z1,c0);
-      if (beg>end || beg>=size() || end>=size())
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "get_shared_slices(): Invalid request of a shared-memory subset "
-                                    "(0->%u,0->%u,%u->%u,%u).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    _width-1,_height-1,z0,z1,c0);
-
-      return CImg<T>(_data+beg,_width,_height,z1-z0+1,1,true);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing one slice of the image instance.
-    /**
-       \param z0 Z-coordinate.
-       \param c0 C-coordinate.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> get_shared_slice(const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0=0) {
-      return get_shared_slices(z0,z0,c0);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing one slice of the image instance \const.
-    const CImg<T> get_shared_slice(const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0=0) const {
-      return get_shared_slices(z0,z0,c0);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing a range of channels of the image instance.
-    /**
-       \param c0 C-coordinate of the starting channel.
-       \param c1 C-coordinate of the ending channel.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> get_shared_channels(const unsigned int c0, const unsigned int c1) {
-      const unsigned int beg = offset(0,0,0,c0), end = offset(0,0,0,c1);
-      if (beg>end || beg>=size() || end>=size())
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "get_shared_channels(): Invalid request of a shared-memory subset "
-                                    "(0->%u,0->%u,0->%u,%u->%u).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    _width-1,_height-1,_depth-1,c0,c1);
-
-      return CImg<T>(_data+beg,_width,_height,_depth,c1-c0+1,true);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing a range of channels of the image instance \const.
-    const CImg<T> get_shared_channels(const unsigned int c0, const unsigned int c1) const {
-      const unsigned int beg = offset(0,0,0,c0), end = offset(0,0,0,c1);
-      if (beg>end || beg>=size() || end>=size())
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "get_shared_channels(): Invalid request of a shared-memory subset "
-                                    "(0->%u,0->%u,0->%u,%u->%u).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    _width-1,_height-1,_depth-1,c0,c1);
-
-      return CImg<T>(_data+beg,_width,_height,_depth,c1-c0+1,true);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing one channel of the image instance.
-    /**
-       \param c0 C-coordinate.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> get_shared_channel(const unsigned int c0) {
-      return get_shared_channels(c0,c0);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing one channel of the image instance \const.
-    const CImg<T> get_shared_channel(const unsigned int c0) const {
-      return get_shared_channels(c0,c0);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a shared-memory version of the image instance.
-    CImg<T> get_shared() {
-      return CImg<T>(_data,_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,true);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a shared-memory version of the image instance \const.
-    const CImg<T> get_shared() const {
-      return CImg<T>(_data,_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,true);
-    }
-
-    //! Split image into a list along specified axis.
-    /**
-       \param axis Splitting axis. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
-       \param nb Number of splitted parts.
-       \note
-       - If \c nb==0, there are as much splitted parts as the image size along the specified axis.
-       - If \c nb<=0, instance image is splitted into blocs of -\c nb pixel wide.
-       - If \c nb>0, instance image is splitted into \c nb blocs.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T> get_split(const char axis, const int nb=0) const {
-      CImgList<T> res;
-      if (is_empty()) return res;
-      const char _axis = cimg::uncase(axis);
-
-      if (nb<=0) { // Split by bloc size.
-        const unsigned int dp = (unsigned int)(nb?-nb:1);
-        switch (_axis) {
-        case 'x': {
-          if (_width>dp) {
-            res.assign(_width/dp+(_width%dp?1:0),1,1);
-            const unsigned int pe = _width - dp;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (res._width>=128 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=128)
-#endif
-            for (unsigned int p = 0; p<pe; p+=dp)
-              get_crop(p,0,0,0,p+dp-1,_height-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).move_to(res[p/dp]);
-            get_crop((res._width-1)*dp,0,0,0,_width-1,_height-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).move_to(res.back());
-          } else res.assign(*this);
-        } break;
-        case 'y': {
-          if (_height>dp) {
-            res.assign(_height/dp+(_height%dp?1:0),1,1);
-            const unsigned int pe = _height - dp;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (res._width>=128 && _width*_depth*_spectrum>=128)
-#endif
-            for (unsigned int p = 0; p<pe; p+=dp)
-              get_crop(0,p,0,0,_width-1,p+dp-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).move_to(res[p/dp]);
-            get_crop(0,(res._width-1)*dp,0,0,_width-1,_height-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).move_to(res.back());
-          } else res.assign(*this);
-        } break;
-        case 'z': {
-          if (_depth>dp) {
-            res.assign(_depth/dp+(_depth%dp?1:0),1,1);
-            const unsigned int pe = _depth - dp;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (res._width>=128 && _width*_height*_spectrum>=128)
-#endif
-            for (unsigned int p = 0; p<pe; p+=dp)
-              get_crop(0,0,p,0,_width-1,_height-1,p+dp-1,_spectrum-1).move_to(res[p/dp]);
-            get_crop(0,0,(res._width-1)*dp,0,_width-1,_height-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).move_to(res.back());
-          } else res.assign(*this);
-        } break;
-        default : {
-          if (_spectrum>dp) {
-            res.assign(_spectrum/dp+(_spectrum%dp?1:0),1,1);
-            const unsigned int pe = _spectrum - dp;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (res._width>=128 && _width*_height*_depth>=128)
-#endif
-            for (unsigned int p = 0; p<pe; p+=dp)
-              get_crop(0,0,0,p,_width-1,_height-1,_depth-1,p+dp-1).move_to(res[p/dp]);
-            get_crop(0,0,0,(res._width-1)*dp,_width-1,_height-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).move_to(res.back());
-          } else res.assign(*this);
-        }
-        }
-      } else { // Split by number of (non-homogeneous) blocs.
-        const unsigned int siz = _axis=='x'?_width:_axis=='y'?_height:_axis=='z'?_depth:_axis=='c'?_spectrum:0;
-        if ((unsigned int)nb>siz)
-          throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                      "get_split(): Instance cannot be split along %c-axis into %u blocs.",
-                                      cimg_instance,
-                                      axis,nb);
-        if (nb==1) res.assign(*this);
-        else {
-          int err = (int)siz;
-          unsigned int _p = 0;
-          switch (_axis) {
-          case 'x' : {
-            cimg_forX(*this,p) if ((err-=nb)<=0) {
-              get_crop(_p,0,0,0,p,_height-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).move_to(res);
-              err+=(int)siz;
-              _p=p+1;
-            }
-          } break;
-          case 'y' : {
-            cimg_forY(*this,p) if ((err-=nb)<=0) {
-              get_crop(0,_p,0,0,_width-1,p,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).move_to(res);
-              err+=(int)siz;
-              _p=p+1;
-            }
-          } break;
-          case 'z' : {
-            cimg_forZ(*this,p) if ((err-=nb)<=0) {
-              get_crop(0,0,_p,0,_width-1,_height-1,p,_spectrum-1).move_to(res);
-              err+=(int)siz;
-              _p=p+1;
-            }
-          } break;
-          default : {
-            cimg_forC(*this,p) if ((err-=nb)<=0) {
-              get_crop(0,0,0,_p,_width-1,_height-1,_depth-1,p).move_to(res);
-              err+=(int)siz;
-              _p=p+1;
-            }
-          }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Split image into a list of one-column vectors, according to a specified splitting value.
-    /**
-       \param value Splitting value.
-       \param keep_values Tells if the splitting value must be kept in the splitted blocs.
-       \param is_shared Tells if the splitted blocs have shared memory buffers.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T> get_split(const T value, const bool keep_values, const bool is_shared) const {
-      CImgList<T> res;
-      if (is_empty()) return res;
-      for (const T *ps = _data, *_ps = ps, *const pe = end(); ps<pe; ) {
-        while (_ps<pe && *_ps==value) ++_ps;
-        unsigned int siz = _ps - ps;
-        if (siz && keep_values) res.insert(CImg<T>(ps,1,siz,1,1,is_shared),~0U,is_shared);
-        ps = _ps;
-        while (_ps<pe && *_ps!=value) ++_ps;
-        siz = _ps - ps;
-        if (siz) res.insert(CImg<T>(ps,1,siz,1,1,is_shared),~0U,is_shared);
-        ps = _ps;
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Split image into a list of one-column vectors, according to a specified splitting value sequence.
-    /**
-       \param values Splitting value sequence.
-       \param keep_values Tells if the splitting sequence must be kept in the splitted blocs.
-       \param is_shared Tells if the splitted blocs have shared memory buffers.
-     **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<T> get_split(const CImg<t>& values, const bool keep_values, const bool is_shared) const {
-      CImgList<T> res;
-      if (is_empty()) return res;
-      if (!values) return CImgList<T>(*this);
-      if (values.size()==1) return get_split(*values,keep_values,is_shared);
-      const t *pve = values.end();
-      for (const T *ps = _data, *_ps = ps, *const pe = end(); ps<pe; ) {
-
-        // Try to find match from current position.
-        const t *pv = 0;
-        do {
-          pv = values._data;
-          const T *__ps = _ps;
-          while (__ps<pe && pv<pve && *__ps==(T)*pv) { ++__ps; ++pv; }
-          if (pv==pve) _ps = __ps;
-        } while (pv==pve);
-        unsigned int siz = _ps - ps;
-        if (siz && keep_values) res.insert(CImg<T>(ps,1,siz,1,1,is_shared),~0U,is_shared); // If match found.
-        ps = _ps;
-
-        // Try to find non-match from current position.
-        do {
-          pv = values._data;
-          while (_ps<pe && *_ps!=(T)*pv) ++_ps;
-          if (_ps<pe) {
-            const T *__ps = _ps + 1;
-            ++pv;
-            while (__ps<pe && pv<pve && *__ps==(T)*pv) { ++__ps; ++pv; }
-            if (pv!=pve) _ps = __ps;
-          }
-        } while (_ps<pe && pv!=pve);
-
-        // Here, EOF of match found.
-        siz = _ps - ps;
-        if (siz) res.insert(CImg<T>(ps,1,siz,1,1,is_shared),~0U,is_shared);
-        ps = _ps;
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Split the image into a list of one-column vectors each having same values.
-    CImgList<T> get_split(const bool is_shared) const {
-      CImgList<T> res;
-      if (is_empty()) return res;
-      T *p0 = _data, current = *p0;
-      cimg_for(*this,p,T) if (*p!=current) {
-        res.insert(CImg<T>(p0,1,p-p0,1,1,is_shared),~0U,is_shared); p0 = p; current = *p;
-      }
-      res.insert(CImg<T>(p0,1,end()-p0,1,1,is_shared),~0U,is_shared);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Append two images along specified axis.
-    /**
-       \param img Image to append with instance image.
-       \param axis Appending axis. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
-       \param align Append alignment in \c [0,1].
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& append(const CImg<t>& img, const char axis='x', const float align=0) {
-      if (is_empty()) return assign(img,false);
-      if (!img) return *this;
-      return CImgList<T>(*this,true).insert(img).get_append(axis,align).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Append two images along specified axis \specialization.
-    CImg<T>& append(const CImg<T>& img, const char axis='x', const float align=0) {
-      if (is_empty()) return assign(img,false);
-      if (!img) return *this;
-      return CImgList<T>(*this,img,true).get_append(axis,align).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Append two images along specified axis \const.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<_cimg_Tt> get_append(const CImg<T>& img, const char axis='x', const float align=0) const {
-      if (is_empty()) return +img;
-      if (!img) return +*this;
-      return CImgList<_cimg_Tt>(*this,true).insert(img).get_append(axis,align);
-    }
-
-    //! Append two images along specified axis \specialization.
-    CImg<T> get_append(const CImg<T>& img, const char axis='x', const float align=0) const {
-      if (is_empty()) return +img;
-      if (!img) return +*this;
-      return CImgList<T>(*this,img,true).get_append(axis,align);
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //---------------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Filtering / Transforms
-    //@{
-    //---------------------------------------
-
-    //! Correlate image by a mask.
-    /**
-       \param mask = the correlation kernel.
-       \param boundary_conditions = the border condition type (0=zero, 1=dirichlet)
-       \param is_normalized = enable local normalization.
-       \note
-       - The correlation of the image instance \p *this by the mask \p mask is defined to be:
-       res(x,y,z) = sum_{i,j,k} (*this)(x+i,y+j,z+k)*mask(i,j,k).
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& correlate(const CImg<t>& mask, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=1, const bool is_normalized=false) {
-      if (is_empty() || !mask) return *this;
-      return get_correlate(mask,boundary_conditions,is_normalized).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Correlate image by a mask \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<_cimg_Ttfloat> get_correlate(const CImg<t>& mask, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=1,
-                                      const bool is_normalized=false) const {
-      if (is_empty() || !mask) return *this;
-      typedef _cimg_Ttfloat Ttfloat;
-      CImg<Ttfloat> res(_width,_height,_depth,cimg::max(_spectrum,mask._spectrum));
-      if (boundary_conditions && mask._width==mask._height &&
-          ((mask._depth==1 && mask._width<=5) || (mask._depth==mask._width && mask._width<=3))) {
-        // A special optimization is done for 2x2, 3x3, 4x4, 5x5, 2x2x2 and 3x3x3 mask (with boundary_conditions=1)
-        Ttfloat *ptrd = res._data;
-        switch (mask._depth) {
-        case 3 : {
-          T I[27] = { 0 };
-          cimg_forC(res,c) {
-            const CImg<T> _img = get_shared_channel(c%_spectrum);
-            const CImg<t> _mask = mask.get_shared_channel(c%mask._spectrum);
-            if (is_normalized) {
-              const Ttfloat _M = (Ttfloat)_mask.magnitude(2), M = _M*_M;
-              cimg_for3x3x3(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T) {
-                const Ttfloat N = M*(I[ 0]*I[ 0] + I[ 1]*I[ 1] + I[ 2]*I[ 2] +
-                                     I[ 3]*I[ 3] + I[ 4]*I[ 4] + I[ 5]*I[ 5] +
-                                     I[ 6]*I[ 6] + I[ 7]*I[ 7] + I[ 8]*I[ 8] +
-                                     I[ 9]*I[ 9] + I[10]*I[10] + I[11]*I[11] +
-                                     I[12]*I[12] + I[13]*I[13] + I[14]*I[14] +
-                                     I[15]*I[15] + I[16]*I[16] + I[17]*I[17] +
-                                     I[18]*I[18] + I[19]*I[19] + I[20]*I[20] +
-                                     I[21]*I[21] + I[22]*I[22] + I[23]*I[23] +
-                                     I[24]*I[24] + I[25]*I[25] + I[26]*I[26]);
-                *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(N?(I[ 0]*_mask[ 0] + I[ 1]*_mask[ 1] + I[ 2]*_mask[ 2] +
-                                         I[ 3]*_mask[ 3] + I[ 4]*_mask[ 4] + I[ 5]*_mask[ 5] +
-                                         I[ 6]*_mask[ 6] + I[ 7]*_mask[ 7] + I[ 8]*_mask[ 8] +
-                                         I[ 9]*_mask[ 9] + I[10]*_mask[10] + I[11]*_mask[11] +
-                                         I[12]*_mask[12] + I[13]*_mask[13] + I[14]*_mask[14] +
-                                         I[15]*_mask[15] + I[16]*_mask[16] + I[17]*_mask[17] +
-                                         I[18]*_mask[18] + I[19]*_mask[19] + I[20]*_mask[20] +
-                                         I[21]*_mask[21] + I[22]*_mask[22] + I[23]*_mask[23] +
-                                         I[24]*_mask[24] + I[25]*_mask[25] + I[26]*_mask[26])/std::sqrt(N):0);
-              }
-            } else cimg_for3x3x3(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T)
-                     *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(I[ 0]*_mask[ 0] + I[ 1]*_mask[ 1] + I[ 2]*_mask[ 2] +
-                                           I[ 3]*_mask[ 3] + I[ 4]*_mask[ 4] + I[ 5]*_mask[ 5] +
-                                           I[ 6]*_mask[ 6] + I[ 7]*_mask[ 7] + I[ 8]*_mask[ 8] +
-                                           I[ 9]*_mask[ 9] + I[10]*_mask[10] + I[11]*_mask[11] +
-                                           I[12]*_mask[12] + I[13]*_mask[13] + I[14]*_mask[14] +
-                                           I[15]*_mask[15] + I[16]*_mask[16] + I[17]*_mask[17] +
-                                           I[18]*_mask[18] + I[19]*_mask[19] + I[20]*_mask[20] +
-                                           I[21]*_mask[21] + I[22]*_mask[22] + I[23]*_mask[23] +
-                                           I[24]*_mask[24] + I[25]*_mask[25] + I[26]*_mask[26]);
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 2 : {
-          T I[8] = { 0 };
-          cimg_forC(res,c) {
-            const CImg<T> _img = get_shared_channel(c%_spectrum);
-            const CImg<t> _mask = mask.get_shared_channel(c%mask._spectrum);
-            if (is_normalized) {
-              const Ttfloat _M = (Ttfloat)_mask.magnitude(2), M = _M*_M;
-              cimg_for2x2x2(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T) {
-                const Ttfloat N = M*(I[0]*I[0] + I[1]*I[1] +
-                                     I[2]*I[2] + I[3]*I[3] +
-                                     I[4]*I[4] + I[5]*I[5] +
-                                     I[6]*I[6] + I[7]*I[7]);
-                *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(N?(I[0]*_mask[0] + I[1]*_mask[1] +
-                                         I[2]*_mask[2] + I[3]*_mask[3] +
-                                         I[4]*_mask[4] + I[5]*_mask[5] +
-                                         I[6]*_mask[6] + I[7]*_mask[7])/std::sqrt(N):0);
-              }
-            } else cimg_for2x2x2(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T)
-                     *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(I[0]*_mask[0] + I[1]*_mask[1] +
-                                           I[2]*_mask[2] + I[3]*_mask[3] +
-                                           I[4]*_mask[4] + I[5]*_mask[5] +
-                                           I[6]*_mask[6] + I[7]*_mask[7]);
-          }
-        } break;
-        default :
-        case 1 :
-          switch (mask._width) {
-          case 6 : {
-            T I[36] = { 0 };
-            cimg_forC(res,c) {
-              const CImg<T> _img = get_shared_channel(c%_spectrum);
-              const CImg<t> _mask = mask.get_shared_channel(c%mask._spectrum);
-              if (is_normalized) {
-                const Ttfloat _M = (Ttfloat)_mask.magnitude(2), M = _M*_M;
-                cimg_forZ(_img,z) cimg_for6x6(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T) {
-                  const Ttfloat N = M*(I[ 0]*I[ 0] + I[ 1]*I[ 1] + I[ 2]*I[ 2] + I[ 3]*I[ 3] + I[ 4]*I[ 4] + I[ 5]*I[ 5] +
-                                       I[ 6]*I[ 6] + I[ 7]*I[ 7] + I[ 8]*I[ 8] + I[ 9]*I[ 9] + I[10]*I[10] + I[11]*I[11] +
-                                       I[12]*I[12] + I[13]*I[13] + I[14]*I[14] + I[15]*I[15] + I[16]*I[16] + I[17]*I[17] +
-                                       I[18]*I[18] + I[19]*I[19] + I[20]*I[20] + I[21]*I[21] + I[22]*I[22] + I[23]*I[23] +
-                                       I[24]*I[24] + I[25]*I[25] + I[26]*I[26] + I[27]*I[27] + I[28]*I[28] + I[29]*I[29] +
-                                       I[30]*I[30] + I[31]*I[31] + I[32]*I[32] + I[33]*I[33] + I[34]*I[34] + I[35]*I[35]);
-                  *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(N?(I[ 0]*_mask[ 0] + I[ 1]*_mask[ 1] + I[ 2]*_mask[ 2] + I[ 3]*_mask[ 3] + I[ 4]*_mask[ 4] + I[ 5]*_mask[ 5] +
-                                           I[ 6]*_mask[ 6] + I[ 7]*_mask[ 7] + I[ 8]*_mask[ 8] + I[ 9]*_mask[ 9] + I[10]*_mask[10] + I[11]*_mask[11] +
-                                           I[12]*_mask[12] + I[13]*_mask[13] + I[14]*_mask[14] + I[15]*_mask[15] + I[16]*_mask[16] + I[17]*_mask[17] +
-                                           I[18]*_mask[18] + I[19]*_mask[19] + I[20]*_mask[20] + I[21]*_mask[21] + I[22]*_mask[22] + I[23]*_mask[23] +
-                                           I[24]*_mask[24] + I[25]*_mask[25] + I[26]*_mask[26] + I[27]*_mask[27] + I[28]*_mask[28] + I[29]*_mask[29] +
-                                           I[30]*_mask[30] + I[31]*_mask[31] + I[32]*_mask[32] + I[33]*_mask[33] + I[34]*_mask[34] + I[35]*_mask[35])/std::sqrt(N):0);
-                }
-              } else cimg_forZ(_img,z) cimg_for6x6(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T)
-                       *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(I[ 0]*_mask[ 0] + I[ 1]*_mask[ 1] + I[ 2]*_mask[ 2] + I[ 3]*_mask[ 3] + I[ 4]*_mask[ 4] + I[ 5]*_mask[ 5] +
-                                             I[ 6]*_mask[ 6] + I[ 7]*_mask[ 7] + I[ 8]*_mask[ 8] + I[ 9]*_mask[ 9] + I[10]*_mask[10] + I[11]*_mask[11] +
-                                             I[12]*_mask[12] + I[13]*_mask[13] + I[14]*_mask[14] + I[15]*_mask[15] + I[16]*_mask[16] + I[17]*_mask[17] +
-                                             I[18]*_mask[18] + I[19]*_mask[19] + I[20]*_mask[20] + I[21]*_mask[21] + I[22]*_mask[22] + I[23]*_mask[23] +
-                                             I[24]*_mask[24] + I[25]*_mask[25] + I[26]*_mask[26] + I[27]*_mask[27] + I[28]*_mask[28] + I[29]*_mask[29] +
-                                             I[30]*_mask[30] + I[31]*_mask[31] + I[32]*_mask[32] + I[33]*_mask[33] + I[34]*_mask[34] + I[35]*_mask[35]);
-            }
-          } break;
-          case 5 : {
-            T I[25] = { 0 };
-            cimg_forC(res,c) {
-              const CImg<T> _img = get_shared_channel(c%_spectrum);
-              const CImg<t> _mask = mask.get_shared_channel(c%mask._spectrum);
-              if (is_normalized) {
-                const Ttfloat _M = (Ttfloat)_mask.magnitude(2), M = _M*_M;
-                cimg_forZ(_img,z) cimg_for5x5(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T) {
-                  const Ttfloat N = M*(I[ 0]*I[ 0] + I[ 1]*I[ 1] + I[ 2]*I[ 2] + I[ 3]*I[ 3] + I[ 4]*I[ 4] +
-                                       I[ 5]*I[ 5] + I[ 6]*I[ 6] + I[ 7]*I[ 7] + I[ 8]*I[ 8] + I[ 9]*I[ 9] +
-                                       I[10]*I[10] + I[11]*I[11] + I[12]*I[12] + I[13]*I[13] + I[14]*I[14] +
-                                       I[15]*I[15] + I[16]*I[16] + I[17]*I[17] + I[18]*I[18] + I[19]*I[19] +
-                                       I[20]*I[20] + I[21]*I[21] + I[22]*I[22] + I[23]*I[23] + I[24]*I[24]);
-                  *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(N?(I[ 0]*_mask[ 0] + I[ 1]*_mask[ 1] + I[ 2]*_mask[ 2] + I[ 3]*_mask[ 3] + I[ 4]*_mask[ 4] +
-                                           I[ 5]*_mask[ 5] + I[ 6]*_mask[ 6] + I[ 7]*_mask[ 7] + I[ 8]*_mask[ 8] + I[ 9]*_mask[ 9] +
-                                           I[10]*_mask[10] + I[11]*_mask[11] + I[12]*_mask[12] + I[13]*_mask[13] + I[14]*_mask[14] +
-                                           I[15]*_mask[15] + I[16]*_mask[16] + I[17]*_mask[17] + I[18]*_mask[18] + I[19]*_mask[19] +
-                                           I[20]*_mask[20] + I[21]*_mask[21] + I[22]*_mask[22] + I[23]*_mask[23] + I[24]*_mask[24])/std::sqrt(N):0);
-                }
-              } else cimg_forZ(_img,z) cimg_for5x5(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T)
-                       *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(I[ 0]*_mask[ 0] + I[ 1]*_mask[ 1] + I[ 2]*_mask[ 2] + I[ 3]*_mask[ 3] + I[ 4]*_mask[ 4] +
-                                             I[ 5]*_mask[ 5] + I[ 6]*_mask[ 6] + I[ 7]*_mask[ 7] + I[ 8]*_mask[ 8] + I[ 9]*_mask[ 9] +
-                                             I[10]*_mask[10] + I[11]*_mask[11] + I[12]*_mask[12] + I[13]*_mask[13] + I[14]*_mask[14] +
-                                             I[15]*_mask[15] + I[16]*_mask[16] + I[17]*_mask[17] + I[18]*_mask[18] + I[19]*_mask[19] +
-                                             I[20]*_mask[20] + I[21]*_mask[21] + I[22]*_mask[22] + I[23]*_mask[23] + I[24]*_mask[24]);
-            }
-          } break;
-          case 4 : {
-            T I[16] = { 0 };
-            cimg_forC(res,c) {
-              const CImg<T> _img = get_shared_channel(c%_spectrum);
-              const CImg<t> _mask = mask.get_shared_channel(c%mask._spectrum);
-              if (is_normalized) {
-                const Ttfloat _M = (Ttfloat)_mask.magnitude(2), M = _M*_M;
-                cimg_forZ(_img,z) cimg_for4x4(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T) {
-                  const Ttfloat N = M*(I[ 0]*I[ 0] + I[ 1]*I[ 1] + I[ 2]*I[ 2] + I[ 3]*I[ 3] +
-                                       I[ 4]*I[ 4] + I[ 5]*I[ 5] + I[ 6]*I[ 6] + I[ 7]*I[ 7] +
-                                       I[ 8]*I[ 8] + I[ 9]*I[ 9] + I[10]*I[10] + I[11]*I[11] +
-                                       I[12]*I[12] + I[13]*I[13] + I[14]*I[14] + I[15]*I[15]);
-                  *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(N?(I[ 0]*_mask[ 0] + I[ 1]*_mask[ 1] + I[ 2]*_mask[ 2] + I[ 3]*_mask[ 3] +
-                                           I[ 4]*_mask[ 4] + I[ 5]*_mask[ 5] + I[ 6]*_mask[ 6] + I[ 7]*_mask[ 7] +
-                                           I[ 8]*_mask[ 8] + I[ 9]*_mask[ 9] + I[10]*_mask[10] + I[11]*_mask[11] +
-                                           I[12]*_mask[12] + I[13]*_mask[13] + I[14]*_mask[14] + I[15]*_mask[15])/std::sqrt(N):0);
-                }
-              } else cimg_forZ(_img,z) cimg_for4x4(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T)
-                       *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(I[ 0]*_mask[ 0] + I[ 1]*_mask[ 1] + I[ 2]*_mask[ 2] + I[ 3]*_mask[ 3] +
-                                             I[ 4]*_mask[ 4] + I[ 5]*_mask[ 5] + I[ 6]*_mask[ 6] + I[ 7]*_mask[ 7] +
-                                             I[ 8]*_mask[ 8] + I[ 9]*_mask[ 9] + I[10]*_mask[10] + I[11]*_mask[11] +
-                                             I[12]*_mask[12] + I[13]*_mask[13] + I[14]*_mask[14] + I[15]*_mask[15]);
-            }
-          } break;
-          case 3 : {
-            T I[9] = { 0 };
-            cimg_forC(res,c) {
-              const CImg<T> _img = get_shared_channel(c%_spectrum);
-              const CImg<t> _mask = mask.get_shared_channel(c%mask._spectrum);
-              if (is_normalized) {
-                const Ttfloat _M = (Ttfloat)_mask.magnitude(2), M = _M*_M;
-                cimg_forZ(_img,z) cimg_for3x3(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T) {
-                  const Ttfloat N = M*(I[0]*I[0] + I[1]*I[1] + I[2]*I[2] +
-                                       I[3]*I[3] + I[4]*I[4] + I[5]*I[5] +
-                                       I[6]*I[6] + I[7]*I[7] + I[8]*I[8]);
-                  *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(N?(I[0]*_mask[0] + I[1]*_mask[1] + I[2]*_mask[2] +
-                                           I[3]*_mask[3] + I[4]*_mask[4] + I[5]*_mask[5] +
-                                           I[6]*_mask[6] + I[7]*_mask[7] + I[8]*_mask[8])/std::sqrt(N):0);
-                }
-              } else cimg_forZ(_img,z) cimg_for3x3(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T)
-                       *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(I[0]*_mask[0] + I[1]*_mask[1] + I[2]*_mask[2] +
-                                             I[3]*_mask[3] + I[4]*_mask[4] + I[5]*_mask[5] +
-                                             I[6]*_mask[6] + I[7]*_mask[7] + I[8]*_mask[8]);
-            }
-          } break;
-          case 2 : {
-            T I[4] = { 0 };
-            cimg_forC(res,c) {
-              const CImg<T> _img = get_shared_channel(c%_spectrum);
-              const CImg<t> _mask = mask.get_shared_channel(c%mask._spectrum);
-              if (is_normalized) {
-                const Ttfloat _M = (Ttfloat)_mask.magnitude(2), M = _M*_M;
-                cimg_forZ(_img,z) cimg_for2x2(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T) {
-                  const Ttfloat N = M*(I[0]*I[0] + I[1]*I[1] +
-                                       I[2]*I[2] + I[3]*I[3]);
-                  *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(N?(I[0]*_mask[0] + I[1]*_mask[1] +
-                                           I[2]*_mask[2] + I[3]*_mask[3])/std::sqrt(N):0);
-                }
-              } else cimg_forZ(_img,z) cimg_for2x2(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T)
-                       *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(I[0]*_mask[0] + I[1]*_mask[1] +
-                                             I[2]*_mask[2] + I[3]*_mask[3]);
-            }
-          } break;
-          case 1 :
-            if (is_normalized) res.fill(1);
-            else cimg_forC(res,c) {
-                const CImg<T> _img = get_shared_channel(c%_spectrum);
-                const CImg<t> _mask = mask.get_shared_channel(c%mask._spectrum);
-                res.get_shared_channel(c).assign(_img)*=_mask[0];
-              }
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      } else { // Generic version for other masks and borders conditions.
-        const int
-          mx2 = mask.width()/2, my2 = mask.height()/2, mz2 = mask.depth()/2,
-          mx1 = mx2 - 1 + (mask.width()%2), my1 = my2 - 1 + (mask.height()%2), mz1 = mz2 - 1 + (mask.depth()%2),
-          mxe = width() - mx2, mye = height() - my2, mze = depth() - mz2;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (res._spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-        cimg_forC(res,c) {
-          const CImg<T> _img = get_shared_channel(c%_spectrum);
-          const CImg<t> _mask = mask.get_shared_channel(c%mask._spectrum);
-          if (is_normalized) { // Normalized correlation.
-            const Ttfloat _M = (Ttfloat)_mask.magnitude(2), M = _M*_M;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width*_height*_depth>=32768)
-#endif
-            for (int z = mz1; z<mze; ++z)
-              for (int y = my1; y<mye; ++y)
-                for (int x = mx1; x<mxe; ++x) {
-                  Ttfloat val = 0, N = 0;
-                  for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
-                    for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
-                      for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
-                        const Ttfloat _val = (Ttfloat)_img(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm);
-                        val+=_val*_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
-                        N+=_val*_val;
-                      }
-                  N*=M;
-                  res(x,y,z,c) = (Ttfloat)(N?val/std::sqrt(N):0);
-                }
-            if (boundary_conditions)
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZ(res,y,z)
-                for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
-                  Ttfloat val = 0, N = 0;
-                  for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
-                    for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
-                      for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
-                        const Ttfloat _val = (Ttfloat)_img._atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm);
-                        val+=_val*_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
-                        N+=_val*_val;
-                      }
-                  N*=M;
-                  res(x,y,z,c) = (Ttfloat)(N?val/std::sqrt(N):0);
-                }
-            else
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZ(res,y,z)
-                for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
-                  Ttfloat val = 0, N = 0;
-                  for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
-                    for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
-                      for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
-                        const Ttfloat _val = (Ttfloat)_img.atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm,0,0);
-                        val+=_val*_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
-                        N+=_val*_val;
-                      }
-                  N*=M;
-                  res(x,y,z,c) = (Ttfloat)(N?val/std::sqrt(N):0);
-                }
-          } else { // Classical correlation.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width*_height*_depth>=32768)
-#endif
-            for (int z = mz1; z<mze; ++z)
-              for (int y = my1; y<mye; ++y)
-                for (int x = mx1; x<mxe; ++x) {
-                  Ttfloat val = 0;
-                  for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
-                    for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
-                      for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm)
-                        val+=_img(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm)*_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
-                  res(x,y,z,c) = (Ttfloat)val;
-                }
-            if (boundary_conditions)
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZ(res,y,z)
-                for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
-                  Ttfloat val = 0;
-                  for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
-                    for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
-                      for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm)
-                        val+=_img._atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm)*_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
-                  res(x,y,z,c) = (Ttfloat)val;
-                }
-            else
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
-#endif
-              cimg_forYZ(res,y,z)
-                for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
-                  Ttfloat val = 0;
-                  for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
-                    for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
-                      for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm)
-                        val+=_img.atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm,0,0)*_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
-                  res(x,y,z,c) = (Ttfloat)val;
-                }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Convolve image by a mask.
-    /**
-       \param mask = the correlation kernel.
-       \param boundary_conditions = the border condition type (0=zero, 1=dirichlet)
-       \param is_normalized = enable local normalization.
-       \note
-       - The result \p res of the convolution of an image \p img by a mask \p mask is defined to be:
-       res(x,y,z) = sum_{i,j,k} img(x-i,y-j,z-k)*mask(i,j,k)
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& convolve(const CImg<t>& mask, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=1, const bool is_normalized=false) {
-      if (is_empty() || !mask) return *this;
-      return get_convolve(mask,boundary_conditions,is_normalized).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Convolve image by a mask \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<_cimg_Ttfloat> get_convolve(const CImg<t>& mask, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=1,
-                                     const bool is_normalized=false) const {
-      if (is_empty() || !mask) return *this;
-      return get_correlate(CImg<t>(mask._data,mask.size(),1,1,1,true).get_mirror('x').
-                           resize(mask,-1),boundary_conditions,is_normalized);
-    }
-
-    //! Erode image by a structuring element.
-    /**
-       \param mask Structuring element.
-       \param boundary_conditions Boundary conditions.
-       \param is_normalized Tells if the erosion is locally normalized.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& erode(const CImg<t>& mask, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=1,
-                   const bool is_normalized=false) {
-      if (is_empty() || !mask) return *this;
-      return get_erode(mask,boundary_conditions,is_normalized).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Erode image by a structuring element \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<_cimg_Tt> get_erode(const CImg<t>& mask, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=1,
-                             const bool is_normalized=false) const {
-      if (is_empty() || !mask) return *this;
-      typedef _cimg_Tt Tt;
-      CImg<Tt> res(_width,_height,_depth,cimg::max(_spectrum,mask._spectrum));
-      const int
-        mx2 = mask.width()/2, my2 = mask.height()/2, mz2 = mask.depth()/2,
-        mx1 = mx2 - 1 + (mask.width()%2), my1 = my2 - 1 + (mask.height()%2), mz1 = mz2 - 1 + (mask.depth()%2),
-        mxe = width() - mx2, mye = height() - my2, mze = depth() - mz2;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-      cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-        const CImg<T> _img = get_shared_channel(c%_spectrum);
-        const CImg<t> _mask = mask.get_shared_channel(c%mask._spectrum);
-        if (is_normalized) { // Normalized erosion.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width*_height*_depth>=32768)
-#endif
-          for (int z = mz1; z<mze; ++z)
-            for (int y = my1; y<mye; ++y)
-              for (int x = mx1; x<mxe; ++x) {
-                Tt min_val = cimg::type<Tt>::max();
-                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
-                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
-                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
-                      const t mval = _mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
-                      const Tt cval = (Tt)(_img(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm) + mval);
-                      if (mval && cval<min_val) min_val = cval;
-                    }
-                res(x,y,z,c) = min_val;
-              }
-          if (boundary_conditions)
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
-#endif
-            cimg_forYZ(res,y,z)
-              for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
-                Tt min_val = cimg::type<Tt>::max();
-                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
-                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
-                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
-                      const t mval = _mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
-                      const Tt cval = (Tt)(_img._atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm) + mval);
-                      if (mval && cval<min_val) min_val = cval;
-                    }
-                res(x,y,z,c) = min_val;
-              }
-          else
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
-#endif
-            cimg_forYZ(res,y,z)
-              for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
-                Tt min_val = cimg::type<Tt>::max();
-                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
-                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
-                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
-                      const t mval = _mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
-                      const Tt cval = (Tt)(_img.atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm,0,0) + mval);
-                      if (mval && cval<min_val) min_val = cval;
-                    }
-                res(x,y,z,c) = min_val;
-              }
-
-        } else { // Classical erosion.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width*_height*_depth>=32768)
-#endif
-          for (int z = mz1; z<mze; ++z)
-            for (int y = my1; y<mye; ++y)
-              for (int x = mx1; x<mxe; ++x) {
-                Tt min_val = cimg::type<Tt>::max();
-                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
-                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
-                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
-                      const Tt cval = (Tt)_img(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm);
-                      if (_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm) && cval<min_val) min_val = cval;
-                    }
-                res(x,y,z,c) = min_val;
-              }
-          if (boundary_conditions)
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
-#endif
-            cimg_forYZ(res,y,z)
-              for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
-                Tt min_val = cimg::type<Tt>::max();
-                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
-                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
-                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
-                      const T cval = (Tt)_img._atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm);
-                      if (_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm) && cval<min_val) min_val = cval;
-                    }
-                res(x,y,z,c) = min_val;
-              }
-          else
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
-#endif
-            cimg_forYZ(res,y,z)
-              for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
-                Tt min_val = cimg::type<Tt>::max();
-                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
-                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
-                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
-                      const T cval = (Tt)_img.atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm,0,0);
-                      if (_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm) && cval<min_val) min_val = cval;
-                    }
-                res(x,y,z,c) = min_val;
-              }
-        }
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Erode image by a rectangular structuring element of specified size.
-    /**
-       \param sx Width of the structuring element.
-       \param sy Height of the structuring element.
-       \param sz Depth of the structuring element.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& erode(const unsigned int sx, const unsigned int sy, const unsigned int sz=1) {
-      if (is_empty() || (sx==1 && sy==1 && sz==1)) return *this;
-      if (sx>1 && _width>1) { // Along X-axis.
-        const int L = width(), off = 1, s = (int)sx, _s1 = s/2, _s2 = s - _s1, s1 = _s1>L?L:_s1, s2 = _s2>L?L:_s2;
-        CImg<T> buf(L);
-#ifdef cimg_use_opemp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) firstprivate(buf) if (size()>524288)
-#endif
-        cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-          T *const ptrdb = buf._data, *ptrd = buf._data, *const ptrde = buf._data + L - 1;
-          const T *const ptrsb = data(0,y,z,c), *ptrs = ptrsb, *const ptrse = ptrs + L*off - off;
-          T cur = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; bool is_first = true;
-          for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrs<=ptrse; --p) {
-            const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; if (val<=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }}
-          *(ptrd++) = cur;
-          if (ptrs>=ptrse) {
-            T *pd = data(0,y,z,c); cur = cimg::min(cur,*ptrse); cimg_forX(buf,x) { *pd = cur; pd+=off; }
-          } else {
-            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrd<=ptrde; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs<ptrse) ptrs+=off; if (val<=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }
-              *(ptrd++) = cur;
-            }
-            for (int p = L - s - 1; p>0; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off;
-              if (is_first) {
-                const T *nptrs = ptrs - off; cur = val;
-                for (int q = s - 2; q>0; --q) { nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval<cur) cur = nval; }
-                nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval<cur) { cur = nval; is_first = true; } else is_first = false;
-              } else { if (val<=cur) cur = val; else if (cur==*(ptrs-s*off)) is_first = true; }
-              *(ptrd++) = cur;
-            }
-            ptrd = ptrde; ptrs = ptrse; cur = *ptrs; ptrs-=off;
-            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrs>=ptrsb; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs-=off; if (val<cur) cur = val;
-            }
-            *(ptrd--) = cur;
-            for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrd>=ptrdb; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs>ptrsb) ptrs-=off; if (val<cur) cur = val; *(ptrd--) = cur;
-            }
-            T *pd = data(0,y,z,c); cimg_for(buf,ps,T) { *pd = *ps; pd+=off; }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-      if (sy>1 && _height>1) { // Along Y-axis.
-        const int L = height(), off = width(), s = (int)sy, _s1 = s/2, _s2 = s - _s1, s1 = _s1>L?L:_s1,
-          s2 = _s2>L?L:_s2;
-        CImg<T> buf(L);
-#ifdef cimg_use_opemp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) firstprivate(buf) if (size()>524288)
-#endif
-        cimg_forXZC(*this,x,z,c) {
-          T *const ptrdb = buf._data, *ptrd = ptrdb, *const ptrde = buf._data + L - 1;
-          const T *const ptrsb = data(x,0,z,c), *ptrs = ptrsb, *const ptrse = ptrs + L*off - off;
-          T cur = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; bool is_first = true;
-          for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrs<=ptrse; --p) {
-            const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; if (val<=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }
-          }
-          *(ptrd++) = cur;
-          if (ptrs>=ptrse) {
-            T *pd = data(x,0,z,c); cur = cimg::min(cur,*ptrse); cimg_forX(buf,x) { *pd = cur; pd+=off; }
-          } else {
-            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrd<=ptrde; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs<ptrse) ptrs+=off; if (val<=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }
-              *(ptrd++) = cur;
-            }
-            for (int p = L - s - 1; p>0; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off;
-              if (is_first) {
-                const T *nptrs = ptrs - off; cur = val;
-                for (int q = s - 2; q>0; --q) { nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval<cur) cur = nval; }
-                nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval<cur) { cur = nval; is_first = true; } else is_first = false;
-              } else { if (val<=cur) cur = val; else if (cur==*(ptrs-s*off)) is_first = true; }
-              *(ptrd++) = cur;
-            }
-            ptrd = ptrde; ptrs = ptrse; cur = *ptrs; ptrs-=off;
-            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrs>=ptrsb; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs-=off; if (val<cur) cur = val;
-            }
-            *(ptrd--) = cur;
-            for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrd>=ptrdb; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs>ptrsb) ptrs-=off; if (val<cur) cur = val; *(ptrd--) = cur;
-            }
-            T *pd = data(x,0,z,c); cimg_for(buf,ps,T) { *pd = *ps; pd+=off; }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-      if (sz>1 && _depth>1) { // Along Z-axis.
-        const int L = depth(), off = width()*height(), s = (int)sz, _s1 = s/2, _s2 = s - _s1, s1 = _s1>L?L:_s1,
-          s2 = _s2>L?L:_s2;
-        CImg<T> buf(L);
-#ifdef cimg_use_opemp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) firstprivate(buf) if (size()>524288)
-#endif
-        cimg_forXYC(*this,x,y,c) {
-          T *const ptrdb = buf._data, *ptrd = ptrdb, *const ptrde = buf._data + L - 1;
-          const T *const ptrsb = data(x,y,0,c), *ptrs = ptrsb, *const ptrse = ptrs + L*off - off;
-          T cur = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; bool is_first = true;
-          for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrs<=ptrse; --p) {
-            const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; if (val<=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }
-          }
-          *(ptrd++) = cur;
-          if (ptrs>=ptrse) {
-            T *pd = data(x,y,0,c); cur = cimg::min(cur,*ptrse); cimg_forX(buf,x) { *pd = cur; pd+=off; }
-          } else {
-            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrd<=ptrde; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs<ptrse) ptrs+=off; if (val<=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }
-              *(ptrd++) = cur;
-            }
-            for (int p = L - s - 1; p>0; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off;
-              if (is_first) {
-                const T *nptrs = ptrs - off; cur = val;
-                for (int q = s - 2; q>0; --q) { nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval<cur) cur = nval; }
-                nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval<cur) { cur = nval; is_first = true; } else is_first = false;
-              } else { if (val<=cur) cur = val; else if (cur==*(ptrs-s*off)) is_first = true; }
-              *(ptrd++) = cur;
-            }
-            ptrd = ptrde; ptrs = ptrse; cur = *ptrs; ptrs-=off;
-            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrs>=ptrsb; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs-=off; if (val<cur) cur = val;
-            }
-            *(ptrd--) = cur;
-            for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrd>=ptrdb; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs>ptrsb) ptrs-=off; if (val<cur) cur = val; *(ptrd--) = cur;
-            }
-            T *pd = data(x,y,0,c); cimg_for(buf,ps,T) { *pd = *ps; pd+=off; }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Erode image by a rectangular structuring element of specified size \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_erode(const unsigned int sx, const unsigned int sy, const unsigned int sz=1) const {
-      return (+*this).erode(sx,sy,sz);
-    }
-
-    //! Erode the image by a square structuring element of specified size.
-    /**
-       \param s Size of the structuring element.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& erode(const unsigned int s) {
-      return erode(s,s,s);
-    }
-
-    //! Erode the image by a square structuring element of specified size \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_erode(const unsigned int s) const {
-      return (+*this).erode(s);
-    }
-
-    //! Dilate image by a structuring element.
-    /**
-       \param mask Structuring element.
-       \param boundary_conditions Boundary conditions.
-       \param is_normalized Tells if the erosion is locally normalized.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& dilate(const CImg<t>& mask, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=1,
-                    const bool is_normalized=false) {
-      if (is_empty() || !mask) return *this;
-      return get_dilate(mask,boundary_conditions,is_normalized).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Dilate image by a structuring element \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<_cimg_Tt> get_dilate(const CImg<t>& mask, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=1,
-                              const bool is_normalized=false) const {
-      if (is_empty() || !mask) return *this;
-      typedef _cimg_Tt Tt;
-      CImg<Tt> res(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-      const int
-        mx2 = mask.width()/2, my2 = mask.height()/2, mz2 = mask.depth()/2,
-        mx1 = mx2 - 1 + (mask.width()%2), my1 = my2 - 1 + (mask.height()%2), mz1 = mz2 - 1 + (mask.depth()%2),
-        mxe = width() - mx2, mye = height() - my2, mze = depth() - mz2;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-      cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-        const CImg<T> _img = get_shared_channel(c%_spectrum);
-        const CImg<t> _mask = mask.get_shared_channel(c%mask._spectrum);
-        if (is_normalized) { // Normalized dilation.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width*_height*_depth>=32768)
-#endif
-          for (int z = mz1; z<mze; ++z)
-            for (int y = my1; y<mye; ++y)
-              for (int x = mx1; x<mxe; ++x) {
-                Tt max_val = cimg::type<Tt>::min();
-                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
-                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
-                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
-                      const t mval = _mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
-                      const Tt cval = (Tt)(_img(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm) - mval);
-                      if (mval && cval>max_val) max_val = cval;
-                    }
-                res(x,y,z,c) = max_val;
-              }
-          if (boundary_conditions)
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
-#endif
-            cimg_forYZ(res,y,z)
-              for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
-                Tt max_val = cimg::type<Tt>::min();
-                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
-                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
-                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
-                      const t mval = _mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
-                      const Tt cval = (Tt)(_img._atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm) - mval);
-                      if (mval && cval>max_val) max_val = cval;
-                    }
-                res(x,y,z,c) = max_val;
-              }
-          else
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
-#endif
-            cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z)
-              for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
-                Tt max_val = cimg::type<Tt>::min();
-                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
-                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
-                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
-                      const t mval = _mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
-                      const Tt cval = (Tt)(_img.atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm,0,0) - mval);
-                      if (mval && cval>max_val) max_val = cval;
-                    }
-                res(x,y,z,c) = max_val;
-              }
-        } else { // Classical dilation.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
-#endif
-          for (int z = mz1; z<mze; ++z)
-            for (int y = my1; y<mye; ++y)
-              for (int x = mx1; x<mxe; ++x) {
-                Tt max_val = cimg::type<Tt>::min();
-                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
-                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
-                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
-                      const Tt cval = (Tt)_img(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm);
-                      if (_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm) && cval>max_val) max_val = cval;
-                    }
-                res(x,y,z,c) = max_val;
-              }
-          if (boundary_conditions)
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
-#endif
-            cimg_forYZ(res,y,z)
-              for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
-                Tt max_val = cimg::type<Tt>::min();
-                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
-                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
-                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
-                      const T cval = (Tt)_img._atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm);
-                      if (_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm) && cval>max_val) max_val = cval;
-                    }
-                res(x,y,z,c) = max_val;
-              }
-          else
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
-#endif
-            cimg_forYZ(res,y,z)
-              for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
-                Tt max_val = cimg::type<Tt>::min();
-                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
-                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
-                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
-                      const T cval = (Tt)_img.atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm,0,0);
-                      if (_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm) && cval>max_val) max_val = cval;
-                    }
-                res(x,y,z,c) = max_val;
-              }
-        }
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Dilate image by a rectangular structuring element of specified size.
-    /**
-       \param sx Width of the structuring element.
-       \param sy Height of the structuring element.
-       \param sz Depth of the structuring element.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& dilate(const unsigned int sx, const unsigned int sy, const unsigned int sz=1) {
-      if (is_empty() || (sx==1 && sy==1 && sz==1)) return *this;
-      if (sx>1 && _width>1) { // Along X-axis.
-        const int L = width(), off = 1, s = (int)sx, _s2 = s/2 + 1, _s1 = s - _s2, s1 = _s1>L?L:_s1, s2 = _s2>L?L:_s2;
-        CImg<T> buf(L);
-#ifdef cimg_use_opemp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) firstprivate(buf) if (size()>524288)
-#endif
-        cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-          T *const ptrdb = buf._data, *ptrd = ptrdb, *const ptrde = buf._data + L - 1;
-          const T *const ptrsb = data(0,y,z,c), *ptrs = ptrsb, *const ptrse = ptrs + L*off - off;
-          T cur = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; bool is_first = true;
-          for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrs<=ptrse; --p) {
-            const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; if (val>=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }
-          }
-          *(ptrd++) = cur;
-          if (ptrs>=ptrse) {
-            T *pd = data(0,y,z,c); cur = cimg::max(cur,*ptrse); cimg_forX(buf,x) { *pd = cur; pd+=off; }
-          } else {
-            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrd<=ptrde; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs<ptrse) ptrs+=off; if (val>=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }
-              *(ptrd++) = cur;
-            }
-            for (int p = L - s - 1; p>0; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off;
-              if (is_first) {
-                const T *nptrs = ptrs - off; cur = val;
-                for (int q = s - 2; q>0; --q) { nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval>cur) cur = nval; }
-                nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval>cur) { cur = nval; is_first = true; } else is_first = false;
-              } else { if (val>=cur) cur = val; else if (cur==*(ptrs-s*off)) is_first = true; }
-              *(ptrd++) = cur;
-            }
-            ptrd = ptrde; ptrs = ptrse; cur = *ptrs; ptrs-=off;
-            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrs>=ptrsb; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs-=off; if (val>cur) cur = val;
-            }
-            *(ptrd--) = cur;
-            for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrd>=ptrdb; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs>ptrsb) ptrs-=off; if (val>cur) cur = val; *(ptrd--) = cur;
-            }
-            T *pd = data(0,y,z,c); cimg_for(buf,ps,T) { *pd = *ps; pd+=off; }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-      if (sy>1 && _height>1) { // Along Y-axis.
-        const int L = height(), off = width(), s = (int)sy, _s2 = s/2 + 1, _s1 = s - _s2, s1 = _s1>L?L:_s1,
-          s2 = _s2>L?L:_s2;
-        CImg<T> buf(L);
-#ifdef cimg_use_opemp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) firstprivate(buf) if (size()>524288)
-#endif
-        cimg_forXZC(*this,x,z,c) {
-          T *const ptrdb = buf._data, *ptrd = ptrdb, *const ptrde = buf._data + L - 1;
-          const T *const ptrsb = data(x,0,z,c), *ptrs = ptrsb, *const ptrse = ptrs + L*off - off;
-          T cur = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; bool is_first = true;
-          for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrs<=ptrse; --p) {
-            const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; if (val>=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }
-          }
-          *(ptrd++) = cur;
-          if (ptrs>=ptrse) {
-            T *pd = data(x,0,z,c); cur = cimg::max(cur,*ptrse); cimg_forX(buf,x) { *pd = cur; pd+=off; }
-          } else {
-            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrd<=ptrde; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs<ptrse) ptrs+=off; if (val>=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }
-              *(ptrd++) = cur;
-            }
-            for (int p = L - s - 1; p>0; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off;
-              if (is_first) {
-                const T *nptrs = ptrs - off; cur = val;
-                for (int q = s - 2; q>0; --q) { nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval>cur) cur = nval; }
-                nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval>cur) { cur = nval; is_first = true; } else is_first = false;
-              } else { if (val>=cur) cur = val; else if (cur==*(ptrs-s*off)) is_first = true; }
-              *(ptrd++) = cur;
-            }
-            ptrd = ptrde; ptrs = ptrse; cur = *ptrs; ptrs-=off;
-            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrs>=ptrsb; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs-=off; if (val>cur) cur = val;
-            }
-            *(ptrd--) = cur;
-            for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrd>=ptrdb; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs>ptrsb) ptrs-=off; if (val>cur) cur = val; *(ptrd--) = cur;
-            }
-            T *pd = data(x,0,z,c); cimg_for(buf,ps,T) { *pd = *ps; pd+=off; }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-      if (sz>1 && _depth>1) { // Along Z-axis.
-        const int L = depth(), off = width()*height(), s = (int)sz, _s2 = s/2 + 1, _s1 = s - _s2, s1 = _s1>L?L:_s1,
-          s2 = _s2>L?L:_s2;
-        CImg<T> buf(L);
-#ifdef cimg_use_opemp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) firstprivate(buf) if (size()>524288)
-#endif
-        cimg_forXYC(*this,x,y,c) {
-          T *const ptrdb = buf._data, *ptrd = ptrdb, *const ptrde = buf._data + L - 1;
-          const T *const ptrsb = data(x,y,0,c), *ptrs = ptrsb, *const ptrse = ptrs + L*off - off;
-          T cur = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; bool is_first = true;
-          for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrs<=ptrse; --p) {
-            const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; if (val>=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }
-          }
-          *(ptrd++) = cur;
-          if (ptrs>=ptrse) {
-            T *pd = data(x,y,0,c); cur = cimg::max(cur,*ptrse); cimg_forX(buf,x) { *pd = cur; pd+=off; }
-          } else {
-            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrd<=ptrde; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs<ptrse) ptrs+=off; if (val>=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }
-              *(ptrd++) = cur;
-            }
-            for (int p = L - s - 1; p>0; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off;
-              if (is_first) {
-                const T *nptrs = ptrs - off; cur = val;
-                for (int q = s - 2; q>0; --q) { nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval>cur) cur = nval; }
-                nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval>cur) { cur = nval; is_first = true; } else is_first = false;
-              } else { if (val>=cur) cur = val; else if (cur==*(ptrs-s*off)) is_first = true; }
-              *(ptrd++) = cur;
-            }
-            ptrd = ptrde; ptrs = ptrse; cur = *ptrs; ptrs-=off;
-            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrs>=ptrsb; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs-=off; if (val>cur) cur = val;
-            }
-            *(ptrd--) = cur;
-            for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrd>=ptrdb; --p) {
-              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs>ptrsb) ptrs-=off; if (val>cur) cur = val; *(ptrd--) = cur;
-            }
-            T *pd = data(x,y,0,c); cimg_for(buf,ps,T) { *pd = *ps; pd+=off; }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Dilate image by a rectangular structuring element of specified size \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_dilate(const unsigned int sx, const unsigned int sy, const unsigned int sz=1) const {
-      return (+*this).dilate(sx,sy,sz);
-    }
-
-    //! Dilate image by a square structuring element of specified size.
-    /**
-       \param s Size of the structuring element.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& dilate(const unsigned int s) {
-      return dilate(s,s,s);
-    }
-
-    //! Dilate image by a square structuring element of specified size \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_dilate(const unsigned int s) const {
-      return (+*this).dilate(s);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute watershed transform.
-    /**
-       \param priority Priority map.
-       \param fill_lines Tells if watershed lines must be filled or not.
-       \note Non-zero values of the instance instance are propagated to zero-valued ones according to
-         specified the priority map.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& watershed(const CImg<t>& priority, const bool fill_lines=true) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (!is_sameXYZ(priority))
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "watershed(): image instance and specified priority (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) "
-                                    "have different dimensions.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    priority._width,priority._height,priority._depth,priority._spectrum,priority._data);
-      if (_spectrum!=1) {
-        cimg_forC(*this,c)
-          get_shared_channel(c).watershed(priority.get_shared_channel(c%priority._spectrum),fill_lines);
-        return *this;
-      }
-
-      CImg<boolT> is_queued(_width,_height,_depth,1,0);
-      CImg<typename cimg::superset2<T,t,int>::type> Q;
-      unsigned int sizeQ = 0;
-
-      // Find seed points and insert them in priority queue.
-      const T *ptrs = _data;
-      cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) if (*(ptrs++)) {
-        if (x-1>=0 && !(*this)(x-1,y,z))       Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x-1,y,z),x-1,y,z);
-        if (x+1<width() && !(*this)(x+1,y,z))  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x+1,y,z),x+1,y,z);
-        if (y-1>=0 && !(*this)(x,y-1,z))       Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y-1,z),x,y-1,z);
-        if (y+1<height() && !(*this)(x,y+1,z)) Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y+1,z),x,y+1,z);
-        if (z-1>=0 && !(*this)(x,y,z-1))       Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y,z-1),x,y,z-1);
-        if (z+1<depth() && !(*this)(x,y,z+1))  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y,z+1),x,y,z+1);
-      }
-
-      // Start watershed computation.
-      while (sizeQ) {
-
-        // Get and remove point with maximal priority from the queue.
-        const int x = (int)Q(0,1), y = (int)Q(0,2), z = (int)Q(0,3);
-        Q._priority_queue_remove(sizeQ);
-
-        // Check labels of the neighbors.
-        bool is_same_label = true;
-        unsigned int label = 0;
-        if (x-1>=0) {
-          if ((*this)(x-1,y,z)) {
-            if (!label) label = (unsigned int)(*this)(x-1,y,z);
-            else if (label!=(*this)(x-1,y,z)) is_same_label = false;
-          } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x-1,y,z),x-1,y,z);
-        }
-        if (x+1<width()) {
-          if ((*this)(x+1,y,z)) {
-            if (!label) label = (unsigned int)(*this)(x+1,y,z);
-            else if (label!=(*this)(x+1,y,z)) is_same_label = false;
-          } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x+1,y,z),x+1,y,z);
-        }
-        if (y-1>=0) {
-          if ((*this)(x,y-1,z)) {
-            if (!label) label = (unsigned int)(*this)(x,y-1,z);
-            else if (label!=(*this)(x,y-1,z)) is_same_label = false;
-          } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y-1,z),x,y-1,z);
-        }
-        if (y+1<height()) {
-          if ((*this)(x,y+1,z)) {
-            if (!label) label = (unsigned int)(*this)(x,y+1,z);
-            else if (label!=(*this)(x,y+1,z)) is_same_label = false;
-          } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y+1,z),x,y+1,z);
-        }
-        if (z-1>=0) {
-          if ((*this)(x,y,z-1)) {
-            if (!label) label = (unsigned int)(*this)(x,y,z-1);
-            else if (label!=(*this)(x,y,z-1)) is_same_label = false;
-          } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y,z-1),x,y,z-1);
-        }
-        if (z+1<depth()) {
-          if ((*this)(x,y,z+1)) {
-            if (!label) label = (unsigned int)(*this)(x,y,z+1);
-            else if (label!=(*this)(x,y,z+1)) is_same_label = false;
-          } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y,z+1),x,y,z+1);
-        }
-        if (is_same_label) (*this)(x,y,z) = (T)label;
-      }
-
-      // Fill lines.
-      if (fill_lines) {
-
-        // Sort all non-labeled pixels with labeled neighbors.
-        is_queued = false;
-        const T *ptrs = _data;
-        cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) if (!*(ptrs++) &&
-                                     ((x-1>=0 && (*this)(x-1,y,z)) || (x+1<width() && (*this)(x+1,y,z)) ||
-                                      (y-1>=0 && (*this)(x,y-1,z)) || (y+1<height() && (*this)(x,y+1,z)) ||
-                                      (z-1>=0 && (*this)(x,y,z-1)) || (z+1>depth() && (*this)(x,y,z+1))))
-          Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y,z),x,y,z);
-
-        // Start line filling process.
-        while (sizeQ) {
-          const int x = (int)Q(0,1), y = (int)Q(0,2), z = (int)Q(0,3);
-          Q._priority_queue_remove(sizeQ);
-          t pmax = cimg::type<t>::min();
-          int xmax = 0, ymax = 0, zmax = 0;
-          if (x-1>=0) {
-            if ((*this)(x-1,y,z)) {
-              if (priority(x-1,y,z)>pmax) { pmax = priority(x-1,y,z); xmax = x-1; ymax = y; zmax = z; }
-            } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x-1,y,z),x-1,y,z);
-          }
-          if (x+1<width()) {
-            if ((*this)(x+1,y,z)) {
-              if (priority(x+1,y,z)>pmax) { pmax = priority(x+1,y,z); xmax = x+1; ymax = y; zmax = z; }
-            } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x+1,y,z),x+1,y,z);
-          }
-          if (y-1>=0) {
-            if ((*this)(x,y-1,z)) {
-              if (priority(x,y-1,z)>pmax) { pmax = priority(x,y-1,z); xmax = x; ymax = y-1; zmax = z; }
-            } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y-1,z),x,y-1,z);
-          }
-          if (y+1<height()) {
-            if ((*this)(x,y+1,z)) {
-              if (priority(x,y+1,z)>pmax) { pmax = priority(x,y+1,z); xmax = x; ymax = y+1; zmax = z; }
-            } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y+1,z),x,y+1,z);
-          }
-          if (z-1>=0) {
-            if ((*this)(x,y,z-1)) {
-              if (priority(x,y,z-1)>pmax) { pmax = priority(x,y,z-1); xmax = x; ymax = y; zmax = z-1; }
-            } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y,z-1),x,y,z-1);
-          }
-          if (z+1<depth()) {
-            if ((*this)(x,y,z+1)) {
-              if (priority(x,y,z+1)>pmax) { pmax = priority(x,y,z+1); xmax = x; ymax = y; zmax = z+1; }
-            } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y,z+1),x,y,z+1);
-          }
-          (*this)(x,y,z) = (*this)(xmax,ymax,zmax);
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute watershed transform \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> get_watershed(const CImg<t>& priority, const bool fill_lines=true) const {
-      return (+*this).watershed(priority,fill_lines);
-    }
-
-    // [internal] Insert/Remove items in priority queue, for watershed/distance transforms.
-    template<typename t>
-    bool _priority_queue_insert(CImg<boolT>& is_queued, unsigned int& siz, const t value,
-                                const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z) {
-      if (is_queued(x,y,z)) return false;
-      is_queued(x,y,z) = true;
-      if (++siz>=_width) { if (!is_empty()) resize(_width*2,4,1,1,0); else assign(64,4); }
-      (*this)(siz-1,0) = (T)value; (*this)(siz-1,1) = (T)x; (*this)(siz-1,2) = (T)y; (*this)(siz-1,3) = (T)z;
-      for (unsigned int pos = siz - 1, par = 0; pos && value>(*this)(par=(pos+1)/2-1,0); pos = par) {
-        cimg::swap((*this)(pos,0),(*this)(par,0)); cimg::swap((*this)(pos,1),(*this)(par,1));
-        cimg::swap((*this)(pos,2),(*this)(par,2)); cimg::swap((*this)(pos,3),(*this)(par,3));
-      }
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    CImg<T>& _priority_queue_remove(unsigned int& siz) {
-      (*this)(0,0) = (*this)(--siz,0); (*this)(0,1) = (*this)(siz,1);
-      (*this)(0,2) = (*this)(siz,2); (*this)(0,3) = (*this)(siz,3);
-      const float value = (*this)(0,0);
-      for (unsigned int pos = 0, left = 0, right = 0;
-           ((right=2*(pos+1),(left=right-1))<siz && value<(*this)(left,0)) || (right<siz && value<(*this)(right,0));) {
-        if (right<siz) {
-          if ((*this)(left,0)>(*this)(right,0)) {
-            cimg::swap((*this)(pos,0),(*this)(left,0)); cimg::swap((*this)(pos,1),(*this)(left,1));
-            cimg::swap((*this)(pos,2),(*this)(left,2)); cimg::swap((*this)(pos,3),(*this)(left,3));
-            pos = left;
-          } else {
-            cimg::swap((*this)(pos,0),(*this)(right,0)); cimg::swap((*this)(pos,1),(*this)(right,1));
-            cimg::swap((*this)(pos,2),(*this)(right,2)); cimg::swap((*this)(pos,3),(*this)(right,3));
-            pos = right;
-          }
-        } else {
-          cimg::swap((*this)(pos,0),(*this)(left,0)); cimg::swap((*this)(pos,1),(*this)(left,1));
-          cimg::swap((*this)(pos,2),(*this)(left,2)); cimg::swap((*this)(pos,3),(*this)(left,3));
-          pos = left;
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Apply recursive Deriche filter.
-    /**
-       \param sigma Standard deviation of the filter.
-       \param order Order of the filter. Can be <tt>{ 0=smooth-filter | 1=1st-derivative | 2=2nd-derivative }</tt>.
-       \param axis Axis along which the filter is computed. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
-       \param boundary_conditions Boundary conditions. Can be <tt>{ 0=dirichlet | 1=neumann }</tt>.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& deriche(const float sigma, const int order=0, const char axis='x', const bool boundary_conditions=true) {
-#define _cimg_deriche_apply \
-  CImg<Tfloat> Y(N); \
-  Tfloat *ptrY = Y._data, yb = 0, yp = 0; \
-  T xp = (T)0; \
-  if (boundary_conditions) { xp = *ptrX; yb = yp = (Tfloat)(coefp*xp); } \
-  for (int m = 0; m<N; ++m) { \
-    const T xc = *ptrX; ptrX+=off; \
-    const Tfloat yc = *(ptrY++) = (Tfloat)(a0*xc + a1*xp - b1*yp - b2*yb); \
-    xp = xc; yb = yp; yp = yc; \
-  } \
-  T xn = (T)0, xa = (T)0; \
-  Tfloat yn = 0, ya = 0; \
-  if (boundary_conditions) { xn = xa = *(ptrX-off); yn = ya = (Tfloat)coefn*xn; } \
-  for (int n = N-1; n>=0; --n) { \
-    const T xc = *(ptrX-=off); \
-    const Tfloat yc = (Tfloat)(a2*xn + a3*xa - b1*yn - b2*ya); \
-    xa = xn; xn = xc; ya = yn; yn = yc; \
-    *ptrX = (T)(*(--ptrY)+yc); \
-  }
-      const char naxis = cimg::uncase(axis);
-      const float nsigma = sigma>=0?sigma:-sigma*(naxis=='x'?_width:naxis=='y'?_height:naxis=='z'?_depth:_spectrum)/100;
-      if (is_empty() || (nsigma<0.1f && !order)) return *this;
-      const float
-        nnsigma = nsigma<0.1f?0.1f:nsigma,
-        alpha = 1.695f/nnsigma,
-        ema = (float)std::exp(-alpha),
-        ema2 = (float)std::exp(-2*alpha),
-        b1 = -2*ema,
-        b2 = ema2;
-      float a0 = 0, a1 = 0, a2 = 0, a3 = 0, coefp = 0, coefn = 0;
-      switch (order) {
-      case 0 : {
-        const float k = (1-ema)*(1-ema)/(1+2*alpha*ema-ema2);
-        a0 = k;
-        a1 = k*(alpha-1)*ema;
-        a2 = k*(alpha+1)*ema;
-        a3 = -k*ema2;
-      } break;
-      case 1 : {
-        const float k = -(1-ema)*(1-ema)*(1-ema)/(2*(ema+1)*ema);
-	a0 = a3 = 0;
-	a1 = k*ema;
-        a2 = -a1;
-      } break;
-      case 2 : {
-        const float
-          ea = (float)std::exp(-alpha),
-          k = -(ema2-1)/(2*alpha*ema),
-          kn = (-2*(-1+3*ea-3*ea*ea+ea*ea*ea)/(3*ea+1+3*ea*ea+ea*ea*ea));
-        a0 = kn;
-        a1 = -kn*(1+k*alpha)*ema;
-        a2 = kn*(1-k*alpha)*ema;
-        a3 = -kn*ema2;
-      } break;
-      default :
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "deriche(): Invalid specified filter order %u "
-                                    "(should be { 0=smoothing | 1=1st-derivative | 2=2nd-derivative }).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    order);
-      }
-      coefp = (a0+a1)/(1+b1+b2);
-      coefn = (a2+a3)/(1+b1+b2);
-      switch (naxis) {
-      case 'x' : {
-        const int N = _width;
-        const unsigned long off = 1U;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=16)
-#endif
-        cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) { T *ptrX = data(0,y,z,c); _cimg_deriche_apply; }
-      } break;
-      case 'y' : {
-        const int N = _height;
-        const unsigned long off = (unsigned long)_width;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=16)
-#endif
-        cimg_forXZC(*this,x,z,c) { T *ptrX = data(x,0,z,c); _cimg_deriche_apply; }
-      } break;
-      case 'z' : {
-        const int N = _depth;
-        const unsigned long off = (unsigned long)_width*_height;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=16)
-#endif
-        cimg_forXYC(*this,x,y,c) { T *ptrX = data(x,y,0,c); _cimg_deriche_apply; }
-      } break;
-      default : {
-        const int N = _spectrum;
-        const unsigned long off = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=16)
-#endif
-        cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) { T *ptrX = data(x,y,z,0); _cimg_deriche_apply; }
-      }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Apply recursive Deriche filter \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_deriche(const float sigma, const int order=0, const char axis='x',
-                             const bool boundary_conditions=true) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).deriche(sigma,order,axis,boundary_conditions);
-    }
-
-    // [internal] Apply a recursive filter (used by CImg<T>::vanvliet()).
-    /**
-       \param ptr the pointer of the data
-       \param filter the coefficient of the filter in the following order [n,n-1,n-2,n-3].
-       \param N size of the data
-       \param off the offset between two data point
-       \param order the order of the filter 0 (smoothing), 1st derivtive, 2nd derivative, 3rd derivative
-       \param boundary_conditions Boundary conditions. Can be <tt>{ 0=dirichlet | 1=neumann }</tt>.
-       \note dirichlet boundary conditions have a strange behavior. And
-       boundary condition should be corrected using Bill Triggs method (IEEE trans on Sig Proc 2005).
-    **/
-    template <int K>
-    static void _cimg_recursive_apply(T *data, const Tfloat filter[], const int N, const unsigned long off,
-                                      const int order, const bool boundary_conditions) {
-      Tfloat val[K];  // res[n,n-1,n-2,n-3,..] or res[n,n+1,n+2,n+3,..]
-      switch (order) {
-      case 0 : {
-        for (int pass = 0; pass<2; ++pass) {
-          for (int k = 1; k<K; ++k) val[k] = (Tfloat)(boundary_conditions?*data:0);
-          for (int n = 0; n<N; ++n) {
-            val[0] = (Tfloat)(*data)*filter[0];
-            for (int k = 1; k<K; ++k) val[0]+=val[k]*filter[k];
-            *data = (T)val[0];
-            if (!pass) data+=off; else data-=off;
-            for (int k = K-1; k>0; --k) val[k] = val[k-1];
-          }
-          if (!pass) data-=off;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 1 : {
-        Tfloat x[3]; // [front,center,back]
-        for (int pass = 0; pass<2; ++pass) {
-          for (int k = 0; k<3; ++k) x[k] = (Tfloat)(boundary_conditions?*data:0);
-          for (int k = 0; k<K; ++k) val[k] = 0;
-          for (int n = 0; n<N-1; ++n) {
-            if (!pass) {
-              x[0] = (Tfloat)*(data+off);
-              val[0] = 0.5f * (x[0] - x[2])*filter[0];
-            } else val[0] = (Tfloat)(*data)*filter[0];
-            for (int k = 1; k<K; ++k) val[0]+=val[k]*filter[k];
-            *data = (T)val[0];
-            if (!pass) {
-              data+=off;
-              for (int k = 2; k>0; --k) x[k] = x[k-1];
-            } else data-=off;
-            for (int k = K-1; k>0; --k) val[k] = val[k-1];
-          }
-          *data = (T)0;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 2: {
-        Tfloat x[3]; // [front,center,back]
-        for (int pass = 0; pass<2; ++pass) {
-          for (int k = 0; k<3; ++k) x[k] = (Tfloat)(boundary_conditions?*data:0);
-          for (int k = 0; k<K; ++k) val[k] = 0;
-          for (int n = 0; n<N-1; ++n) {
-            if (!pass) { x[0] = (Tfloat)*(data+off); val[0] = (x[1] - x[2])*filter[0]; }
-            else { x[0] = (Tfloat)*(data-off); val[0] = (x[2] - x[1])*filter[0]; }
-            for (int k = 1; k<K; ++k) val[0]+=val[k]*filter[k];
-            *data = (T)val[0];
-            if (!pass) data+=off; else data-=off;
-            for (int k = 2; k>0; --k) x[k] = x[k-1];
-            for (int k = K-1; k>0; --k) val[k] = val[k-1];
-          }
-          *data = (T)0;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 3: {
-        Tfloat x[3]; // [front,center,back]
-        for (int pass = 0; pass<2; ++pass) {
-          for (int k = 0; k<3; ++k) x[k] = (Tfloat)(boundary_conditions?*data:0);
-          for (int k = 0; k<K; ++k) val[k] = 0;
-          for (int n = 0; n<N-1; ++n) {
-            if (!pass) { x[0] = (Tfloat)*(data+off); val[0] = (x[0] - 2*x[1] + x[2])*filter[0]; }
-            else { x[0] = (Tfloat)*(data-off); val[0] = 0.5f*(x[2] - x[0])*filter[0]; }
-            for (int k = 1; k<K; ++k) val[0]+=val[k]*filter[k];
-            *data = (T)val[0];
-            if (!pass) data+=off; else data-=off;
-            for (int k = 2; k>0; --k) x[k] = x[k-1];
-            for (int k = K-1; k>0; --k) val[k] = val[k-1];
-          }
-          *data = (T)0;
-        }
-      } break;
-      }
-    }
-
-    //! Van Vliet recursive Gaussian filter.
-    /**
-       \param sigma standard deviation of the Gaussian filter
-       \param order the order of the filter 0,1,2,3
-       \param axis  Axis along which the filter is computed. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
-       \param boundary_conditions Boundary conditions. Can be <tt>{ 0=dirichlet | 1=neumann }</tt>.
-       \note dirichlet boundary condition has a strange behavior
-
-       Ian T. Young, Lucas J. van Vliet, Recursive implementation of the
-       Gaussian filter, Signal Processing, Volume 44, Issue 2, June 1995,
-       Pages 139-151,
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& vanvliet(const float sigma, const int order, const char axis='x', const bool boundary_conditions=true) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const char naxis = cimg::uncase(axis);
-      const float nsigma = sigma>=0?sigma:-sigma*(naxis=='x'?_width:naxis=='y'?_height:naxis=='z'?_depth:_spectrum)/100;
-      if (is_empty() || (nsigma<0.1f && !order)) return *this;
-      const Tfloat
-        nnsigma = nsigma<0.1f?0.1f:nsigma,
-        q = (Tfloat)(nnsigma<2.5?3.97156-4.14554*std::sqrt(1-0.2689*nnsigma):0.98711*nnsigma-0.96330),
-        b0 = 1.57825f + 2.44413f*q + 1.4281f*q*q + 0.422205f*q*q*q,
-        b1 = (2.44413f*q + 2.85619f*q*q + 1.26661f*q*q*q),
-        b2 = -(1.4281f*q*q + 1.26661f*q*q*q),
-        b3 = 0.422205f*q*q*q,
-        B = 1.f - (b1 + b2 + b3)/b0;
-      Tfloat filter[4];
-      filter[0] = B; filter[1] = b1/b0; filter[2] = b2/b0; filter[3] = b3/b0;
-
-      switch (naxis) {
-      case 'x' : {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=16)
-#endif
-        cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c)
-          _cimg_recursive_apply<4>(data(0,y,z,c),filter,_width,1U,order,boundary_conditions);
-      } break;
-      case 'y' : {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=16)
-#endif
-        cimg_forXZC(*this,x,z,c)
-          _cimg_recursive_apply<4>(data(x,0,z,c),filter,_height,(unsigned long)_width,order,boundary_conditions);
-      } break;
-      case 'z' : {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=16)
-#endif
-        cimg_forXYC(*this,x,y,c)
-          _cimg_recursive_apply<4>(data(x,y,0,c),filter,_depth,(unsigned long)(_width*_height),
-                                   order,boundary_conditions);
-      } break;
-      default : {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=16)
-#endif
-        cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z)
-          _cimg_recursive_apply<4>(data(x,y,z,0),filter,_spectrum,(unsigned long)(_width*_height*_depth),
-                                   order,boundary_conditions);
-      }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Blur image using Van Vliet recursive Gaussian filter. \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_vanvliet(const float sigma, const int order, const char axis='x',
-                              const bool boundary_conditions=true) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).vanvliet(sigma,order,axis,boundary_conditions);
-    }
-
-    //! Blur image.
-    /**
-       \param sigma_x Standard deviation of the blur, along the X-axis.
-       \param sigma_y Standard deviation of the blur, along the Y-axis.
-       \param sigma_z Standard deviation of the blur, along the Z-axis.
-       \param boundary_conditions Boundary conditions. Can be <tt>{ false=dirichlet | true=neumann }</tt>.
-       \param is_gaussian Tells if the blur uses a gaussian (\c true) or quasi-gaussian (\c false) kernel.
-       \note
-       - The blur is computed as a 0-order Deriche filter. This is not a gaussian blur.
-       - This is a recursive algorithm, not depending on the values of the standard deviations.
-       \see deriche(), vanvliet().
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& blur(const float sigma_x, const float sigma_y, const float sigma_z,
-                  const bool boundary_conditions=true, const bool is_gaussian=false) {
-      if (!is_empty()) {
-        if (is_gaussian) {
-          if (_width>1) vanvliet(sigma_x,0,'x',boundary_conditions);
-          if (_height>1) vanvliet(sigma_y,0,'y',boundary_conditions);
-          if (_depth>1) vanvliet(sigma_z,0,'z',boundary_conditions);
-        } else {
-          if (_width>1) deriche(sigma_x,0,'x',boundary_conditions);
-          if (_height>1) deriche(sigma_y,0,'y',boundary_conditions);
-          if (_depth>1) deriche(sigma_z,0,'z',boundary_conditions);
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Blur image \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_blur(const float sigma_x, const float sigma_y, const float sigma_z,
-                          const bool boundary_conditions=true, const bool is_gaussian=false) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).blur(sigma_x,sigma_y,sigma_z,boundary_conditions,is_gaussian);
-    }
-
-    //! Blur image isotropically.
-    /**
-       \param sigma Standard deviation of the blur.
-       \param boundary_conditions Boundary conditions. Can be <tt>{ 0=dirichlet | 1=neumann }</tt>.a
-       \see deriche(), vanvliet().
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& blur(const float sigma, const bool boundary_conditions=true, const bool is_gaussian=false) {
-      const float nsigma = sigma>=0?sigma:-sigma*cimg::max(_width,_height,_depth)/100;
-      return blur(nsigma,nsigma,nsigma,boundary_conditions,is_gaussian);
-    }
-
-    //! Blur image isotropically \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_blur(const float sigma, const bool boundary_conditions=true, const bool is_gaussian=false) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).blur(sigma,boundary_conditions,is_gaussian);
-    }
-
-    //! Blur image anisotropically, directed by a field of diffusion tensors.
-    /**
-       \param G Field of square roots of diffusion tensors/vectors used to drive the smoothing.
-       \param amplitude Amplitude of the smoothing.
-       \param dl Spatial discretization.
-       \param da Angular discretization.
-       \param gauss_prec Precision of the diffusion process.
-       \param interpolation_type Interpolation scheme.
-         Can be <tt>{ 0=nearest-neighbor | 1=linear | 2=Runge-Kutta }</tt>.
-       \param is_fast_approx Tells if a fast approximation of the gaussian function is used or not.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& blur_anisotropic(const CImg<t>& G,
-                              const float amplitude=60, const float dl=0.8f, const float da=30,
-                              const float gauss_prec=2, const unsigned int interpolation_type=0,
-                              const bool is_fast_approx=1) {
-
-      // Check arguments and init variables
-      if (!is_sameXYZ(G) || (G._spectrum!=3 && G._spectrum!=6))
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "blur_anisotropic(): Invalid specified diffusion tensor field (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    G._width,G._height,G._depth,G._spectrum,G._data);
-
-      if (is_empty() || amplitude<=0 || dl<0) return *this;
-      const bool is_3d = (G._spectrum==6);
-      T val_min, val_max = max_min(val_min);
-
-      if (da<=0) {  // Iterated oriented Laplacians
-        CImg<Tfloat> velocity(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-        for (unsigned int iteration = 0; iteration<(unsigned int)amplitude; ++iteration) {
-          Tfloat *ptrd = velocity._data, veloc_max = 0;
-          if (is_3d) // 3d version
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
-              cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
-                const Tfloat
-                  ixx = Incc + Ipcc - 2*Iccc,
-                  ixy = (Innc + Ippc - Inpc - Ipnc)/4,
-                  ixz = (Incn + Ipcp - Incp - Ipcn)/4,
-                  iyy = Icnc + Icpc - 2*Iccc,
-                  iyz = (Icnn + Icpp - Icnp - Icpn)/4,
-                  izz = Iccn + Iccp - 2*Iccc,
-                  veloc = (Tfloat)(G(x,y,z,0)*ixx + 2*G(x,y,z,1)*ixy + 2*G(x,y,z,2)*ixz +
-                                   G(x,y,z,3)*iyy + 2*G(x,y,z,4)*iyz + G(x,y,z,5)*izz);
-                *(ptrd++) = veloc;
-                if (veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = veloc; else if (-veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = -veloc;
-              }
-            }
-          else // 2d version
-            cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
-              CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
-              cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
-                const Tfloat
-                  ixx = Inc + Ipc - 2*Icc,
-                  ixy = (Inn + Ipp - Inp - Ipn)/4,
-                  iyy = Icn + Icp - 2*Icc,
-                  veloc = (Tfloat)(G(x,y,0,0)*ixx + 2*G(x,y,0,1)*ixy + G(x,y,0,2)*iyy);
-                *(ptrd++) = veloc;
-                if (veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = veloc; else if (-veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = -veloc;
-              }
-            }
-          if (veloc_max>0) *this+=(velocity*=dl/veloc_max);
-        }
-      } else { // LIC-based smoothing.
-        const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-        const float sqrt2amplitude = (float)std::sqrt(2*amplitude);
-        const int dx1 = width() - 1, dy1 = height() - 1, dz1 = depth() - 1;
-        CImg<Tfloat> res(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,0), W(_width,_height,_depth,is_3d?4:3), val(_spectrum,1,1,1,0);
-        int N = 0;
-        if (is_3d) { // 3d version
-          for (float phi = (180%(int)da)/2.0f; phi<=180; phi+=da) {
-            const float phir = (float)(phi*cimg::PI/180), datmp = (float)(da/std::cos(phir)),
-              da2 = datmp<1?360.0f:datmp;
-            for (float theta = 0; theta<360; (theta+=da2),++N) {
-              const float
-                thetar = (float)(theta*cimg::PI/180),
-                vx = (float)(std::cos(thetar)*std::cos(phir)),
-                vy = (float)(std::sin(thetar)*std::cos(phir)),
-                vz = (float)std::sin(phir);
-              const t
-                *pa = G.data(0,0,0,0), *pb = G.data(0,0,0,1), *pc = G.data(0,0,0,2),
-                *pd = G.data(0,0,0,3), *pe = G.data(0,0,0,4), *pf = G.data(0,0,0,5);
-              Tfloat *pd0 = W.data(0,0,0,0), *pd1 = W.data(0,0,0,1), *pd2 = W.data(0,0,0,2), *pd3 = W.data(0,0,0,3);
-              cimg_forXYZ(G,xg,yg,zg) {
-                const t a = *(pa++), b = *(pb++), c = *(pc++), d = *(pd++), e = *(pe++), f = *(pf++);
-                const float
-                  u = (float)(a*vx + b*vy + c*vz),
-                  v = (float)(b*vx + d*vy + e*vz),
-                  w = (float)(c*vx + e*vy + f*vz),
-                  n = (float)std::sqrt(1e-5+u*u+v*v+w*w),
-                  dln = dl/n;
-                *(pd0++) = (Tfloat)(u*dln);
-                *(pd1++) = (Tfloat)(v*dln);
-                *(pd2++) = (Tfloat)(w*dln);
-                *(pd3++) = (Tfloat)n;
-              }
-
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=2) firstprivate(val)
-#endif
-              cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
-                val.fill(0);
-                const float
-                  n = (float)W(x,y,z,3),
-                  fsigma = (float)(n*sqrt2amplitude),
-                  fsigma2 = 2*fsigma*fsigma,
-                  length = gauss_prec*fsigma;
-                float
-                  S = 0,
-                  X = (float)x,
-                  Y = (float)y,
-                  Z = (float)z;
-                switch (interpolation_type) {
-                case 0 : { // Nearest neighbor
-                  for (float l = 0; l<length && X>=0 && X<=dx1 && Y>=0 && Y<=dy1 && Z>=0 && Z<=dz1; l+=dl) {
-                    const int
-                      cx = (int)(X+0.5f),
-                      cy = (int)(Y+0.5f),
-                      cz = (int)(Z+0.5f);
-                    const float
-                      u = (float)W(cx,cy,cz,0),
-                      v = (float)W(cx,cy,cz,1),
-                      w = (float)W(cx,cy,cz,2);
-                    if (is_fast_approx) { cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)(*this)(cx,cy,cz,c); ++S; }
-                    else {
-                      const float coef = (float)std::exp(-l*l/fsigma2);
-                      cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)(coef*(*this)(cx,cy,cz,c));
-                      S+=coef;
-                    }
-                    X+=u; Y+=v; Z+=w;
-                  }
-                } break;
-                case 1 : { // Linear interpolation
-                  for (float l = 0; l<length && X>=0 && X<=dx1 && Y>=0 && Y<=dy1 && Z>=0 && Z<=dz1; l+=dl) {
-                    const float
-                      u = (float)(W._linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,0)),
-                      v = (float)(W._linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,1)),
-                      w = (float)(W._linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,2));
-                    if (is_fast_approx) { cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)_linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,c); ++S; }
-                    else {
-                      const float coef = (float)std::exp(-l*l/fsigma2);
-                      cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)(coef*_linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,c));
-                      S+=coef;
-                    }
-                    X+=u; Y+=v; Z+=w;
-                  }
-                } break;
-                default : { // 2nd order Runge Kutta
-                  for (float l = 0; l<length && X>=0 && X<=dx1 && Y>=0 && Y<=dy1 && Z>=0 && Z<=dz1; l+=dl) {
-                    const float
-                      u0 = (float)(0.5f*W._linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,0)),
-                      v0 = (float)(0.5f*W._linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,1)),
-                      w0 = (float)(0.5f*W._linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,2)),
-                      u = (float)(W._linear_atXYZ(X+u0,Y+v0,Z+w0,0)),
-                      v = (float)(W._linear_atXYZ(X+u0,Y+v0,Z+w0,1)),
-                      w = (float)(W._linear_atXYZ(X+u0,Y+v0,Z+w0,2));
-                    if (is_fast_approx) { cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)_linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,c); ++S; }
-                    else {
-                      const float coef = (float)std::exp(-l*l/fsigma2);
-                      cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)(coef*_linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,c));
-                      S+=coef;
-                    }
-                    X+=u; Y+=v; Z+=w;
-                  }
-                } break;
-                }
-                Tfloat *ptrd = res.data(x,y,z);
-                if (S>0) cimg_forC(res,c) { *ptrd+=val[c]/S; ptrd+=whd; }
-                else cimg_forC(res,c) { *ptrd+=(Tfloat)((*this)(x,y,z,c)); ptrd+=whd; }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        } else { // 2d LIC algorithm
-          for (float theta = (360%(int)da)/2.0f; theta<360; (theta+=da),++N) {
-            const float thetar = (float)(theta*cimg::PI/180),
-              vx = (float)(std::cos(thetar)), vy = (float)(std::sin(thetar));
-            const t *pa = G.data(0,0,0,0), *pb = G.data(0,0,0,1), *pc = G.data(0,0,0,2);
-            Tfloat *pd0 = W.data(0,0,0,0), *pd1 = W.data(0,0,0,1), *pd2 = W.data(0,0,0,2);
-            cimg_forXY(G,xg,yg) {
-              const t a = *(pa++), b = *(pb++), c = *(pc++);
-              const float
-                u = (float)(a*vx + b*vy),
-                v = (float)(b*vx + c*vy),
-                n = (float)std::sqrt(1e-5+u*u+v*v),
-                dln = dl/n;
-              *(pd0++) = (Tfloat)(u*dln);
-              *(pd1++) = (Tfloat)(v*dln);
-              *(pd2++) = (Tfloat)n;
-            }
-
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width>=256 && _height>=2) firstprivate(val)
-#endif
-            cimg_forXY(*this,x,y) {
-              val.fill(0);
-              const float
-                n = (float)W(x,y,0,2),
-                fsigma = (float)(n*sqrt2amplitude),
-                fsigma2 = 2*fsigma*fsigma,
-                length = gauss_prec*fsigma;
-              float
-                S = 0,
-                X = (float)x,
-                Y = (float)y;
-              switch (interpolation_type) {
-              case 0 : { // Nearest-neighbor
-                for (float l = 0; l<length && X>=0 && X<=dx1 && Y>=0 && Y<=dy1; l+=dl) {
-                  const int
-                    cx = (int)(X+0.5f),
-                    cy = (int)(Y+0.5f);
-                  const float
-                    u = (float)W(cx,cy,0,0),
-                    v = (float)W(cx,cy,0,1);
-                  if (is_fast_approx) { cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)(*this)(cx,cy,0,c); ++S; }
-                  else {
-                    const float coef = (float)std::exp(-l*l/fsigma2);
-                    cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)(coef*(*this)(cx,cy,0,c));
-                    S+=coef;
-                  }
-                  X+=u; Y+=v;
-                }
-              } break;
-              case 1 : { // Linear interpolation
-                for (float l = 0; l<length && X>=0 && X<=dx1 && Y>=0 && Y<=dy1; l+=dl) {
-                  const float
-                    u = (float)(W._linear_atXY(X,Y,0,0)),
-                    v = (float)(W._linear_atXY(X,Y,0,1));
-                  if (is_fast_approx) { cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)_linear_atXY(X,Y,0,c); ++S; }
-                  else {
-                    const float coef = (float)std::exp(-l*l/fsigma2);
-                    cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)(coef*_linear_atXY(X,Y,0,c));
-                    S+=coef;
-                  }
-                  X+=u; Y+=v;
-                }
-              } break;
-              default : { // 2nd-order Runge-kutta interpolation
-                for (float l = 0; l<length && X>=0 && X<=dx1 && Y>=0 && Y<=dy1; l+=dl) {
-                  const float
-                    u0 = (float)(0.5f*W._linear_atXY(X,Y,0,0)),
-                    v0 = (float)(0.5f*W._linear_atXY(X,Y,0,1)),
-                    u = (float)(W._linear_atXY(X+u0,Y+v0,0,0)),
-                    v = (float)(W._linear_atXY(X+u0,Y+v0,0,1));
-                  if (is_fast_approx) { cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)_linear_atXY(X,Y,0,c); ++S; }
-                  else {
-                    const float coef = (float)std::exp(-l*l/fsigma2);
-                    cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)(coef*_linear_atXY(X,Y,0,c));
-                    S+=coef;
-                  }
-                  X+=u; Y+=v;
-                }
-              }
-              }
-              Tfloat *ptrd = res.data(x,y);
-              if (S>0) cimg_forC(res,c) { *ptrd+=val[c]/S; ptrd+=whd; }
-              else cimg_forC(res,c) { *ptrd+=(Tfloat)((*this)(x,y,0,c)); ptrd+=whd; }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        const Tfloat *ptrs = res._data;
-        cimg_for(*this,ptrd,T) {
-          const Tfloat val = *(ptrs++)/N;
-          *ptrd = val<val_min?val_min:(val>val_max?val_max:(T)val);
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Blur image anisotropically, directed by a field of diffusion tensors \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> get_blur_anisotropic(const CImg<t>& G,
-                                 const float amplitude=60, const float dl=0.8f, const float da=30,
-                                 const float gauss_prec=2, const unsigned int interpolation_type=0,
-                                 const bool is_fast_approx=true) const {
-      return (+*this).blur_anisotropic(G,amplitude,dl,da,gauss_prec,interpolation_type,is_fast_approx);
-    }
-
-    //! Blur image anisotropically, in an edge-preserving way.
-    /**
-       \param amplitude Amplitude of the smoothing.
-       \param sharpness Sharpness.
-       \param anisotropy Anisotropy.
-       \param alpha Standard deviation of the gradient blur.
-       \param sigma Standard deviation of the structure tensor blur.
-       \param dl Spatial discretization.
-       \param da Angular discretization.
-       \param gauss_prec Precision of the diffusion process.
-       \param interpolation_type Interpolation scheme.
-         Can be <tt>{ 0=nearest-neighbor | 1=linear | 2=Runge-Kutta }</tt>.
-       \param is_fast_approx Tells if a fast approximation of the gaussian function is used or not.
-     **/
-    CImg<T>& blur_anisotropic(const float amplitude, const float sharpness=0.7f, const float anisotropy=0.6f,
-                              const float alpha=0.6f, const float sigma=1.1f, const float dl=0.8f, const float da=30,
-                              const float gauss_prec=2, const unsigned int interpolation_type=0,
-                              const bool is_fast_approx=true) {
-      return blur_anisotropic(get_diffusion_tensors(sharpness,anisotropy,alpha,sigma,interpolation_type!=3),
-                              amplitude,dl,da,gauss_prec,interpolation_type,is_fast_approx);
-    }
-
-    //! Blur image anisotropically, in an edge-preserving way \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_blur_anisotropic(const float amplitude, const float sharpness=0.7f, const float anisotropy=0.6f,
-                                 const float alpha=0.6f, const float sigma=1.1f, const float dl=0.8f,
-                                 const float da=30, const float gauss_prec=2, const unsigned int interpolation_type=0,
-                                 const bool is_fast_approx=true) const {
-      return (+*this).blur_anisotropic(amplitude,sharpness,anisotropy,alpha,sigma,dl,da,gauss_prec,interpolation_type,
-                                       is_fast_approx);
-    }
-
-    //! Blur image, with the joint bilateral filter.
-    /**
-       \param guide Image used to model the smoothing weights.
-       \param sigma_x Amount of blur along the X-axis.
-       \param sigma_y Amount of blur along the Y-axis.
-       \param sigma_z Amount of blur along the Z-axis.
-       \param sigma_r Amount of blur along the value axis.
-       \param bgrid_x Size of the bilateral grid along the X-axis.
-       \param bgrid_y Size of the bilateral grid along the Y-axis.
-       \param bgrid_z Size of the bilateral grid along the Z-axis.
-       \param bgrid_r Size of the bilateral grid along the value axis.
-       \param interpolation_type Use interpolation for image slicing.
-       \note This algorithm uses the optimisation technique proposed by S. Paris and F. Durand, in ECCV'2006
-       (extended for 3d volumetric images).
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& blur_bilateral(const CImg<t>& guide,
-                            const float sigma_x, const float sigma_y, const float sigma_z, const float sigma_r,
-                            const int bgrid_x, const int bgrid_y, const int bgrid_z, const int bgrid_r,
-                            const bool interpolation_type=true) {
-      if (!is_sameXYZ(guide))
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "blur_bilateral(): Invalid size for specified guide image (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    guide._width,guide._height,guide._depth,guide._spectrum,guide._data);
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      T m, M = guide.max_min(m);
-      if (m==M) return *this;
-      const float range = (float)(M - m);
-      const unsigned int
-        bx0 = bgrid_x>=0?bgrid_x:_width*-bgrid_x/100,
-        by0 = bgrid_y>=0?bgrid_y:_height*-bgrid_y/100,
-        bz0 = bgrid_z>=0?bgrid_z:_depth*-bgrid_z/100,
-        br0 = bgrid_r>=0?bgrid_r:(int)(-range*bgrid_r/100),
-        bx = bx0>0?bx0:1,
-        by = by0>0?by0:1,
-        bz = bz0>0?bz0:1,
-        br = br0>0?br0:1;
-      const float
-        _sigma_x = sigma_x>=0?sigma_x:-sigma_x*_width/100,
-        _sigma_y = sigma_y>=0?sigma_y:-sigma_y*_height/100,
-        _sigma_z = sigma_z>=0?sigma_z:-sigma_z*_depth/100,
-        _sigma_r = sigma_r>=0?sigma_r:-sigma_r*range/100,
-        nsigma_x = _sigma_x*bx/_width,
-        nsigma_y = _sigma_y*by/_height,
-        nsigma_z = _sigma_z*bz/_depth,
-        nsigma_r = _sigma_r*br/range;
-      if (nsigma_x>0 || nsigma_y>0 || nsigma_z>0 || nsigma_r>0) {
-        const bool is_3d = (_depth>1);
-        if (is_3d) { // 3d version of the algorithm
-          CImg<floatT> bgrid(bx,by,bz,br), bgridw(bx,by,bz,br);
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            const CImg<t> _guide = guide.get_shared_channel(c%guide._spectrum);
-            bgrid.fill(0); bgridw.fill(0);
-            cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
-              const T val = (*this)(x,y,z,c);
-              const float gval = (float)_guide(x,y,z);
-              const int X = x*bx/_width, Y = y*by/_height, Z = z*bz/_depth,
-                R = (int)cimg::min(br-1.0f,(gval-m)*br/range);
-              bgrid(X,Y,Z,R) += (float)val;
-              bgridw(X,Y,Z,R) += 1;
-            }
-            bgrid.blur(nsigma_x,nsigma_y,nsigma_z,true).deriche(nsigma_r,0,'c',false);
-            bgridw.blur(nsigma_x,nsigma_y,nsigma_z,true).deriche(nsigma_r,0,'c',false);
-            if (interpolation_type) cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
-              const float gval = (float)_guide(x,y,z),
-                X = (float)x*bx/_width, Y = (float)y*by/_height, Z = (float)z*bz/_depth,
-                R = (float)cimg::min(br-1.0f,(gval-m)*br/range),
-                bval0 = bgrid._linear_atXYZC(X,Y,Z,R), bval1 = bgridw._linear_atXYZC(X,Y,Z,R);
-              (*this)(x,y,z,c) = (T)(bval0/bval1);
-            } else cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
-              const float gval = (float)_guide(x,y,z);
-              const int X = x*bx/_width, Y = y*by/_height, Z = z*bz/_depth,
-                R = (int)cimg::min(br-1.0f,(gval-m)*br/range);
-              const float bval0 = bgrid(X,Y,Z,R), bval1 = bgridw(X,Y,Z,R);
-              (*this)(x,y,z,c) = (T)(bval0/bval1);
-            }
-          }
-        } else { // 2d version of the algorithm
-          CImg<floatT> bgrid(bx,by,br,2);
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            const CImg<t> _guide = guide.get_shared_channel(c%guide._spectrum);
-            bgrid.fill(0);
-            cimg_forXY(*this,x,y) {
-              const T val = (*this)(x,y,c);
-              const float gval = (float)_guide(x,y);
-              const int X = x*bx/_width, Y = y*by/_height, R = (int)cimg::min(br-1.0f,(gval-m)*br/range);
-              bgrid(X,Y,R,0) += (float)val;
-              bgrid(X,Y,R,1) += 1;
-            }
-            bgrid.blur(nsigma_x,nsigma_y,0,true).blur(0,0,nsigma_r,false);
-            if (interpolation_type) cimg_forXY(*this,x,y) {
-              const float gval = (float)_guide(x,y),
-                X = (float)x*bx/_width, Y = (float)y*by/_height, R = (float)cimg::min(br-1.0f,(gval-m)*br/range),
-                bval0 = bgrid._linear_atXYZ(X,Y,R,0), bval1 = bgrid._linear_atXYZ(X,Y,R,1);
-              (*this)(x,y,c) = (T)(bval0/bval1);
-            } else cimg_forXY(*this,x,y) {
-              const float gval = (float)_guide(x,y);
-              const int X = x*bx/_width, Y = y*by/_height, R = (int)cimg::min(br-1.0f,(gval-m)*br/range);
-              const float bval0 = bgrid(X,Y,R,0), bval1 = bgrid(X,Y,R,1);
-              (*this)(x,y,c) = (T)(bval0/bval1);
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Blur image, with the joint bilateral filter \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> get_blur_bilateral(const CImg<t>& guide,
-                               const float sigma_x, const float sigma_y, const float sigma_z, const float sigma_r,
-                               const int bgrid_x, const int bgrid_y, const int bgrid_z, const int bgrid_r,
-                               const bool interpolation_type=true) const {
-      return (+*this).blur_bilateral(guide,sigma_x,sigma_y,sigma_z,sigma_r,bgrid_x,bgrid_y,bgrid_z,bgrid_r,
-                                     interpolation_type);
-    }
-
-    //! Blur image using the joint bilateral filter.
-    /**
-       \param guide Image used to model the smoothing weights.
-       \param sigma_s Amount of blur along the XYZ-axes.
-       \param sigma_r Amount of blur along the value axis.
-       \param bgrid_s Size of the bilateral grid along the XYZ-axes.
-       \param bgrid_r Size of the bilateral grid along the value axis.
-       \param interpolation_type Use interpolation for image slicing.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& blur_bilateral(const CImg<t>& guide,
-                            const float sigma_s, const float sigma_r, const int bgrid_s=-33, const int bgrid_r=32,
-                            const bool interpolation_type=true) {
-      const float nsigma_s = sigma_s>=0?sigma_s:-sigma_s*cimg::max(_width,_height,_depth)/100;
-      return blur_bilateral(guide,nsigma_s,nsigma_s,nsigma_s,sigma_r,bgrid_s,bgrid_s,bgrid_s,bgrid_r,
-                            interpolation_type);
-    }
-
-    //! Blur image using the bilateral filter \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T> get_blur_bilateral(const CImg<t>& guide,
-                               const float sigma_s, const float sigma_r, const int bgrid_s=-33, const int bgrid_r=32,
-                               const bool interpolation_type=true) const {
-      return (+*this).blur_bilateral(guide,sigma_s,sigma_s,sigma_s,sigma_r,bgrid_s,bgrid_s,bgrid_s,bgrid_r,
-                                     interpolation_type);
-    }
-
-    //! Blur image using patch-based space.
-    /**
-       \param sigma_s Amount of blur along the XYZ-axes.
-       \param sigma_p Amount of blur along the value axis.
-       \param patch_size Size of the patchs.
-       \param lookup_size Size of the window to search similar patchs.
-       \param smoothness Smoothness for the patch comparison.
-       \param is_fast_approx Tells if a fast approximation of the gaussian function is used or not.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& blur_patch(const float sigma_s, const float sigma_p, const unsigned int patch_size=3,
-                        const unsigned int lookup_size=4, const float smoothness=0, const bool is_fast_approx=true) {
-      if (is_empty() || !patch_size || !lookup_size) return *this;
-      return get_blur_patch(sigma_s,sigma_p,patch_size,lookup_size,smoothness,is_fast_approx).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Blur image using patch-based space \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_blur_patch(const float sigma_s, const float sigma_p, const unsigned int patch_size=3,
-                           const unsigned int lookup_size=4, const float smoothness=0,
-                           const bool is_fast_approx=true) const {
-
-#define _cimg_blur_patch3d_fast(N) \
-      cimg_for##N##XYZ(res,x,y,z) { \
-        T *pP = P._data; cimg_forC(res,c) { cimg_get##N##x##N##x##N(img,x,y,z,c,pP,T); pP+=N3; } \
-        const int x0 = x - rsize1, y0 = y - rsize1, z0 = z - rsize1, \
-          x1 = x + rsize2, y1 = y + rsize2, z1 = z + rsize2; \
-        float sum_weights = 0; \
-        cimg_for_in##N##XYZ(res,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,p,q,r) if (cimg::abs(img(x,y,z,0) - img(p,q,r,0))<sigma_p3) { \
-          T *pQ = Q._data; cimg_forC(res,c) { cimg_get##N##x##N##x##N(img,p,q,r,c,pQ,T); pQ+=N3; } \
-          float distance2 = 0; \
-          pQ = Q._data; cimg_for(P,pP,T) { const float dI = (float)*pP - (float)*(pQ++); distance2+=dI*dI; } \
-          distance2/=Pnorm; \
-          const float dx = (float)p - x, dy = (float)q - y, dz = (float)r - z, \
-            alldist = distance2 + (dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz)/sigma_s2, weight = alldist>3?0.0f:1.0f; \
-          sum_weights+=weight; \
-          cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c)+=weight*(*this)(p,q,r,c); \
-        } \
-        if (sum_weights>0) cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c)/=sum_weights; \
-        else cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c) = (Tfloat)((*this)(x,y,z,c)); \
-    }
-
-#define _cimg_blur_patch3d(N) \
-      cimg_for##N##XYZ(res,x,y,z) { \
-        T *pP = P._data; cimg_forC(res,c) { cimg_get##N##x##N##x##N(img,x,y,z,c,pP,T); pP+=N3; } \
-        const int x0 = x - rsize1, y0 = y - rsize1, z0 = z - rsize1, \
-          x1 = x + rsize2, y1 = y + rsize2, z1 = z + rsize2; \
-        float sum_weights = 0, weight_max = 0; \
-        cimg_for_in##N##XYZ(res,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,p,q,r) if (p!=x || q!=y || r!=z) { \
-          T *pQ = Q._data; cimg_forC(res,c) { cimg_get##N##x##N##x##N(img,p,q,r,c,pQ,T); pQ+=N3; } \
-          float distance2 = 0; \
-          pQ = Q._data; cimg_for(P,pP,T) { const float dI = (float)*pP - (float)*(pQ++); distance2+=dI*dI; } \
-          distance2/=Pnorm; \
-          const float dx = (float)p - x, dy = (float)q - y, dz = (float)r - z, \
-            alldist = distance2 + (dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz)/sigma_s2, weight = (float)std::exp(-alldist); \
-          if (weight>weight_max) weight_max = weight; \
-          sum_weights+=weight; \
-          cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c)+=weight*(*this)(p,q,r,c); \
-        } \
-        sum_weights+=weight_max; cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c)+=weight_max*(*this)(x,y,z,c); \
-        if (sum_weights>0) cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c)/=sum_weights; \
-        else cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c) = (Tfloat)((*this)(x,y,z,c)); \
-      }
-
-#define _cimg_blur_patch2d_fast(N) \
-        cimg_for##N##XY(res,x,y) { \
-          T *pP = P._data; cimg_forC(res,c) { cimg_get##N##x##N(img,x,y,0,c,pP,T); pP+=N2; } \
-          const int x0 = x - rsize1, y0 = y - rsize1, x1 = x + rsize2, y1 = y + rsize2; \
-          float sum_weights = 0; \
-          cimg_for_in##N##XY(res,x0,y0,x1,y1,p,q) if (cimg::abs(img(x,y,0,0) - img(p,q,0,0))<sigma_p3) { \
-            T *pQ = Q._data; cimg_forC(res,c) { cimg_get##N##x##N(img,p,q,0,c,pQ,T); pQ+=N2; } \
-            float distance2 = 0; \
-            pQ = Q._data; cimg_for(P,pP,T) { const float dI = (float)*pP - (float)*(pQ++); distance2+=dI*dI; } \
-            distance2/=Pnorm; \
-            const float dx = (float)p - x, dy = (float)q - y, \
-              alldist = distance2 + (dx*dx+dy*dy)/sigma_s2, weight = alldist>3?0.0f:1.0f; \
-            sum_weights+=weight; \
-            cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c)+=weight*(*this)(p,q,c); \
-          } \
-          if (sum_weights>0) cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c)/=sum_weights; \
-          else cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c) = (Tfloat)((*this)(x,y,c)); \
-        }
-
-#define _cimg_blur_patch2d(N) \
-        cimg_for##N##XY(res,x,y) { \
-          T *pP = P._data; cimg_forC(res,c) { cimg_get##N##x##N(img,x,y,0,c,pP,T); pP+=N2; } \
-          const int x0 = x - rsize1, y0 = y - rsize1, x1 = x + rsize2, y1 = y + rsize2; \
-          float sum_weights = 0, weight_max = 0; \
-          cimg_for_in##N##XY(res,x0,y0,x1,y1,p,q) if (p!=x || q!=y) { \
-            T *pQ = Q._data; cimg_forC(res,c) { cimg_get##N##x##N(img,p,q,0,c,pQ,T); pQ+=N2; } \
-            float distance2 = 0; \
-            pQ = Q._data; cimg_for(P,pP,T) { const float dI = (float)*pP - (float)*(pQ++); distance2+=dI*dI; } \
-            distance2/=Pnorm; \
-            const float dx = (float)p - x, dy = (float)q - y, \
-              alldist = distance2 + (dx*dx+dy*dy)/sigma_s2, weight = (float)std::exp(-alldist); \
-            if (weight>weight_max) weight_max = weight; \
-            sum_weights+=weight; \
-            cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c)+=weight*(*this)(p,q,c); \
-          } \
-          sum_weights+=weight_max; cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c)+=weight_max*(*this)(x,y,c); \
-          if (sum_weights>0) cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c)/=sum_weights; \
-          else cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c) = (Tfloat)((*this)(x,y,c)); \
-    }
-
-      if (is_empty() || !patch_size || !lookup_size) return +*this;
-      CImg<Tfloat> res(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,0);
-      const CImg<T> _img = smoothness>0?get_blur(smoothness):CImg<Tfloat>(),&img = smoothness>0?_img:*this;
-      CImg<T> P(patch_size*patch_size*_spectrum), Q(P);
-      const float
-        nsigma_s = sigma_s>=0?sigma_s:-sigma_s*cimg::max(_width,_height,_depth)/100,
-        sigma_s2 = nsigma_s*nsigma_s, sigma_p2 = sigma_p*sigma_p, sigma_p3 = 3*sigma_p,
-        Pnorm = P.size()*sigma_p2;
-      const int rsize2 = (int)lookup_size/2, rsize1 = (int)lookup_size - rsize2 - 1;
-      const unsigned int N2 = patch_size*patch_size, N3 = N2*patch_size;
-      cimg::unused(N2,N3);
-      if (_depth>1) switch (patch_size) { // 3d
-        case 2 : if (is_fast_approx) _cimg_blur_patch3d_fast(2) else _cimg_blur_patch3d(2) break;
-        case 3 : if (is_fast_approx) _cimg_blur_patch3d_fast(3) else _cimg_blur_patch3d(3) break;
-        default : {
-          const int psize2 = (int)patch_size/2, psize1 = (int)patch_size - psize2 - 1;
-          if (is_fast_approx)
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (res._width>=32 && res._height*res._depth>=4) private(P,Q)
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZ(res,x,y,z) { // Fast
-              P = img.get_crop(x - psize1,y - psize1,z - psize1,x + psize2,y + psize2,z + psize2,true);
-              const int x0 = x - rsize1, y0 = y - rsize1, z0 = z - rsize1,
-                x1 = x + rsize2, y1 = y + rsize2, z1 = z + rsize2;
-              float sum_weights = 0;
-              cimg_for_inXYZ(res,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,p,q,r) if (cimg::abs(img(x,y,z,0)-img(p,q,r,0))<sigma_p3) {
-                (Q = img.get_crop(p - psize1,q - psize1,r - psize1,p + psize2,q + psize2,r + psize2,true))-=P;
-                const float
-                  dx = (float)x - p, dy = (float)y - q, dz = (float)z - r,
-                  distance2 = (float)(Q.pow(2).sum()/Pnorm + (dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz)/sigma_s2),
-                  weight = distance2>3?0.0f:1.0f;
-                sum_weights+=weight;
-                cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c)+=weight*(*this)(p,q,r,c);
-              }
-              if (sum_weights>0) cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c)/=sum_weights;
-              else cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c) = (Tfloat)((*this)(x,y,z,c));
-            } else
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (res._width>=32 && res._height*res._depth>=4) firstprivate(P,Q)
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYZ(res,x,y,z) { // Exact
-              P = img.get_crop(x - psize1,y - psize1,z - psize1,x + psize2,y + psize2,z + psize2,true);
-              const int x0 = x - rsize1, y0 = y - rsize1, z0 = z - rsize1,
-                x1 = x + rsize2, y1 = y + rsize2, z1 = z + rsize2;
-              float sum_weights = 0, weight_max = 0;
-              cimg_for_inXYZ(res,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,p,q,r) if (p!=x || q!=y || r!=z) {
-                (Q = img.get_crop(p - psize1,q - psize1,r - psize1,p + psize2,q + psize2,r + psize2,true))-=P;
-                const float
-                  dx = (float)x - p, dy = (float)y - q, dz = (float)z - r,
-                  distance2 = (float)(Q.pow(2).sum()/Pnorm + (dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz)/sigma_s2),
-                  weight = (float)std::exp(-distance2);
-                if (weight>weight_max) weight_max = weight;
-                sum_weights+=weight;
-                cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c)+=weight*(*this)(p,q,r,c);
-              }
-              sum_weights+=weight_max; cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c)+=weight_max*(*this)(x,y,z,c);
-              if (sum_weights>0) cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c)/=sum_weights;
-              else cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c) = (Tfloat)((*this)(x,y,z,c));
-            }
-        }
-        } else switch (patch_size) { // 2d
-        case 2 : if (is_fast_approx) _cimg_blur_patch2d_fast(2) else _cimg_blur_patch2d(2) break;
-        case 3 : if (is_fast_approx) _cimg_blur_patch2d_fast(3) else _cimg_blur_patch2d(3) break;
-        case 4 : if (is_fast_approx) _cimg_blur_patch2d_fast(4) else _cimg_blur_patch2d(4) break;
-        case 5 : if (is_fast_approx) _cimg_blur_patch2d_fast(5) else _cimg_blur_patch2d(5) break;
-        case 6 : if (is_fast_approx) _cimg_blur_patch2d_fast(6) else _cimg_blur_patch2d(6) break;
-        case 7 : if (is_fast_approx) _cimg_blur_patch2d_fast(7) else _cimg_blur_patch2d(7) break;
-        case 8 : if (is_fast_approx) _cimg_blur_patch2d_fast(8) else _cimg_blur_patch2d(8) break;
-        case 9 : if (is_fast_approx) _cimg_blur_patch2d_fast(9) else _cimg_blur_patch2d(9) break;
-        default : { // Fast
-          const int psize2 = (int)patch_size/2, psize1 = (int)patch_size - psize2 - 1;
-          if (is_fast_approx)
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (res._width>=32 && res._height>=4) firstprivate(P,Q)
-#endif
-            cimg_forXY(res,x,y) { // 2d fast approximation.
-              P = img.get_crop(x - psize1,y - psize1,x + psize2,y + psize2,true);
-              const int x0 = x - rsize1, y0 = y - rsize1, x1 = x + rsize2, y1 = y + rsize2;
-              float sum_weights = 0;
-              cimg_for_inXY(res,x0,y0,x1,y1,p,q) if (cimg::abs(img(x,y,0)-img(p,q,0))<sigma_p3) {
-                (Q = img.get_crop(p - psize1,q - psize1,p + psize2,q + psize2,true))-=P;
-                const float
-                  dx = (float)x - p, dy = (float)y - q,
-                  distance2 = (float)(Q.pow(2).sum()/Pnorm + (dx*dx + dy*dy)/sigma_s2),
-                  weight = distance2>3?0.0f:1.0f;
-                sum_weights+=weight;
-                cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c)+=weight*(*this)(p,q,c);
-              }
-              if (sum_weights>0) cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c)/=sum_weights;
-              else cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c) = (Tfloat)((*this)(x,y,c));
-            } else
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (res._width>=32 && res._height>=4) firstprivate(P,Q)
-#endif
-            cimg_forXY(res,x,y) { // 2d exact algorithm.
-              P = img.get_crop(x - psize1,y - psize1,x + psize2,y + psize2,true);
-              const int x0 = x - rsize1, y0 = y - rsize1, x1 = x + rsize2, y1 = y + rsize2;
-              float sum_weights = 0, weight_max = 0;
-              cimg_for_inXY(res,x0,y0,x1,y1,p,q) if (p!=x || q!=y) {
-                (Q = img.get_crop(p - psize1,q - psize1,p + psize2,q + psize2,true))-=P;
-                const float
-                  dx = (float)x - p, dy = (float)y - q,
-                  distance2 = (float)(Q.pow(2).sum()/Pnorm + (dx*dx + dy*dy)/sigma_s2),
-                  weight = (float)std::exp(-distance2);
-                if (weight>weight_max) weight_max = weight;
-                sum_weights+=weight;
-                cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c)+=weight*(*this)(p,q,c);
-              }
-              sum_weights+=weight_max; cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c)+=weight_max*(*this)(x,y,c);
-              if (sum_weights>0) cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c)/=sum_weights;
-              else cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,0,c) = (Tfloat)((*this)(x,y,c));
-            }
-        }
-        }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Blur image with the median filter.
-    /**
-       \param n Size of the median filter.
-       \param threshold Threshold used to discard pixels too far from the current pixel value in the median computation.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& blur_median(const unsigned int n, const float threshold=0) {
-      if (!n) return *this;
-      return get_blur_median(n,threshold).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Blur image with the median filter \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_blur_median(const unsigned int n, const float threshold=0) const {
-      if (is_empty() || n<=1) return +*this;
-      CImg<T> res(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-      T *ptrd = res._data;
-      cimg::unused(ptrd);
-      const int hl = n/2, hr = hl - 1 + n%2;
-      if (res._depth!=1) { // 3d
-        if (threshold>0)
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width>=16 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=4)
-#endif
-          cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { // With threshold.
-            const int
-              x0 = x - hl, y0 = y - hl, z0 = z-hl, x1 = x + hr, y1 = y + hr, z1 = z+hr,
-              nx0 = x0<0?0:x0, ny0 = y0<0?0:y0, nz0 = z0<0?0:z0,
-              nx1 = x1>=width()?width()-1:x1, ny1 = y1>=height()?height()-1:y1, nz1 = z1>=depth()?depth()-1:z1;
-            const float val0 = (float)(*this)(x,y,z,c);
-            CImg<T> values(n*n*n);
-            unsigned int nb_values = 0;
-            T *ptrd = values.data();
-            cimg_for_inXYZ(*this,nx0,ny0,nz0,nx1,ny1,nz1,p,q,r)
-              if (cimg::abs((float)(*this)(p,q,r,c)-val0)<=threshold) { *(ptrd++) = (*this)(p,q,r,c); ++nb_values; }
-            res(x,y,z,c) = values.get_shared_points(0,nb_values-1).median();
-          }
-        else
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width>=16 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=4)
-#endif
-          cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { // Without threshold.
-            const int
-              x0 = x - hl, y0 = y - hl, z0 = z-hl, x1 = x + hr, y1 = y + hr, z1 = z+hr,
-              nx0 = x0<0?0:x0, ny0 = y0<0?0:y0, nz0 = z0<0?0:z0,
-              nx1 = x1>=width()?width()-1:x1, ny1 = y1>=height()?height()-1:y1, nz1 = z1>=depth()?depth()-1:z1;
-            res(x,y,z,c) = get_crop(nx0,ny0,nz0,c,nx1,ny1,nz1,c).median();
-          }
-      } else {
-#define _cimg_median_sort(a,b) if ((a)>(b)) cimg::swap(a,b)
-        if (res._height!=1) { // 2d
-          if (threshold>0)
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=16 && _height*_spectrum>=4)
-#endif
-            cimg_forXYC(*this,x,y,c) { // With threshold.
-              const int
-                x0 = x - hl, y0 = y - hl, x1 = x + hr, y1 = y + hr,
-                nx0 = x0<0?0:x0, ny0 = y0<0?0:y0,
-                                          nx1 = x1>=width()?width()-1:x1, ny1 = y1>=height()?height()-1:y1;
-              const float val0 = (float)(*this)(x,y,c);
-              CImg<T> values(n*n);
-              unsigned int nb_values = 0;
-              T *ptrd = values.data();
-              cimg_for_inXY(*this,nx0,ny0,nx1,ny1,p,q)
-                if (cimg::abs((float)(*this)(p,q,c)-val0)<=threshold) { *(ptrd++) = (*this)(p,q,c); ++nb_values; }
-              res(x,y,c) = values.get_shared_points(0,nb_values-1).median();
-            }
-          else switch (n) { // Without threshold.
-            case 3 : {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                T I[9] = { 0 };
-                CImg_3x3(J,T);
-                cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,T) {
-                  std::memcpy(J,I,9*sizeof(T));
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcp, Jnp); _cimg_median_sort(Jcc, Jnc); _cimg_median_sort(Jcn, Jnn);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jpp, Jcp); _cimg_median_sort(Jpc, Jcc); _cimg_median_sort(Jpn, Jcn);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcp, Jnp); _cimg_median_sort(Jcc, Jnc); _cimg_median_sort(Jcn, Jnn);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jpp, Jpc); _cimg_median_sort(Jnc, Jnn); _cimg_median_sort(Jcc, Jcn);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jpc, Jpn); _cimg_median_sort(Jcp, Jcc); _cimg_median_sort(Jnp, Jnc);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcc, Jcn); _cimg_median_sort(Jcc, Jnp); _cimg_median_sort(Jpn, Jcc);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcc, Jnp);
-                  res(x,y,c) = Jcc;
-                }
-              }
-            } break;
-            case 5 : {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                T I[25] = { 0 };
-                CImg_5x5(J,T);
-                cimg_for5x5(*this,x,y,0,c,I,T) {
-                  std::memcpy(J,I,25*sizeof(T));
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jbb,Jpb); _cimg_median_sort(Jnb,Jab); _cimg_median_sort(Jcb,Jab);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcb,Jnb); _cimg_median_sort(Jpp,Jcp); _cimg_median_sort(Jbp,Jcp);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jbp,Jpp); _cimg_median_sort(Jap,Jbc); _cimg_median_sort(Jnp,Jbc);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jnp,Jap); _cimg_median_sort(Jcc,Jnc); _cimg_median_sort(Jpc,Jnc);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jpc,Jcc); _cimg_median_sort(Jbn,Jpn); _cimg_median_sort(Jac,Jpn);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jac,Jbn); _cimg_median_sort(Jnn,Jan); _cimg_median_sort(Jcn,Jan);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcn,Jnn); _cimg_median_sort(Jpa,Jca); _cimg_median_sort(Jba,Jca);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jba,Jpa); _cimg_median_sort(Jna,Jaa); _cimg_median_sort(Jcb,Jbp);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jnb,Jpp); _cimg_median_sort(Jbb,Jpp); _cimg_median_sort(Jbb,Jnb);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jab,Jcp); _cimg_median_sort(Jpb,Jcp); _cimg_median_sort(Jpb,Jab);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jpc,Jac); _cimg_median_sort(Jnp,Jac); _cimg_median_sort(Jnp,Jpc);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcc,Jbn); _cimg_median_sort(Jap,Jbn); _cimg_median_sort(Jap,Jcc);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jnc,Jpn); _cimg_median_sort(Jbc,Jpn); _cimg_median_sort(Jbc,Jnc);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jba,Jna); _cimg_median_sort(Jcn,Jna); _cimg_median_sort(Jcn,Jba);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jpa,Jaa); _cimg_median_sort(Jnn,Jaa); _cimg_median_sort(Jnn,Jpa);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jan,Jca); _cimg_median_sort(Jnp,Jcn); _cimg_median_sort(Jap,Jnn);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jbb,Jnn); _cimg_median_sort(Jbb,Jap); _cimg_median_sort(Jbc,Jan);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jpb,Jan); _cimg_median_sort(Jpb,Jbc); _cimg_median_sort(Jpc,Jba);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcb,Jba); _cimg_median_sort(Jcb,Jpc); _cimg_median_sort(Jcc,Jpa);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jnb,Jpa); _cimg_median_sort(Jnb,Jcc); _cimg_median_sort(Jnc,Jca);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jab,Jca); _cimg_median_sort(Jab,Jnc); _cimg_median_sort(Jac,Jna);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jbp,Jna); _cimg_median_sort(Jbp,Jac); _cimg_median_sort(Jbn,Jaa);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jpp,Jaa); _cimg_median_sort(Jpp,Jbn); _cimg_median_sort(Jcp,Jpn);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcp,Jan); _cimg_median_sort(Jnc,Jpa); _cimg_median_sort(Jbn,Jna);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcp,Jnc); _cimg_median_sort(Jcp,Jbn); _cimg_median_sort(Jpb,Jap);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jnb,Jpc); _cimg_median_sort(Jbp,Jcn); _cimg_median_sort(Jpc,Jcn);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jap,Jcn); _cimg_median_sort(Jab,Jbc); _cimg_median_sort(Jpp,Jcc);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcp,Jac); _cimg_median_sort(Jab,Jpp); _cimg_median_sort(Jab,Jcp);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcc,Jac); _cimg_median_sort(Jbc,Jac); _cimg_median_sort(Jpp,Jcp);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jbc,Jcc); _cimg_median_sort(Jpp,Jbc); _cimg_median_sort(Jpp,Jcn);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcc,Jcn); _cimg_median_sort(Jcp,Jcn); _cimg_median_sort(Jcp,Jbc);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcc,Jnn); _cimg_median_sort(Jcp,Jcc); _cimg_median_sort(Jbc,Jnn);
-                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcc,Jba); _cimg_median_sort(Jbc,Jba); _cimg_median_sort(Jbc,Jcc);
-                  res(x,y,c) = Jcc;
-                }
-              }
-            } break;
-            default : {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=16 && _height*_spectrum>=4)
-#endif
-              cimg_forXYC(*this,x,y,c) {
-                const int
-                  x0 = x - hl, y0 = y - hl, x1 = x + hr, y1 = y + hr,
-                  nx0 = x0<0?0:x0, ny0 = y0<0?0:y0,
-                                            nx1 = x1>=width()?width()-1:x1, ny1 = y1>=height()?height()-1:y1;
-                res(x,y,c) = get_crop(nx0,ny0,0,c,nx1,ny1,0,c).median();
-              }
-            }
-            }
-        } else { // 1d
-
-          if (threshold>0)
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width>=16 && _spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-            cimg_forXC(*this,x,c) { // With threshold.
-              const int
-                x0 = x - hl, x1 = x + hr,
-                nx0 = x0<0?0:x0, nx1 = x1>=width()?width()-1:x1;
-              const float val0 = (float)(*this)(x,c);
-              CImg<T> values(n);
-              unsigned int nb_values = 0;
-              T *ptrd = values.data();
-              cimg_for_inX(*this,nx0,nx1,p)
-                if (cimg::abs((float)(*this)(p,c)-val0)<=threshold) { *(ptrd++) = (*this)(p,c); ++nb_values; }
-              res(x,c) = values.get_shared_points(0,nb_values-1).median();
-            }
-          else switch (n) { // Without threshold.
-            case 2 : {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                T I[4] = { 0 };
-                cimg_for2x2(*this,x,y,0,c,I,T) res(x,c) = (T)(0.5f*(I[0]+I[1]));
-              }
-            } break;
-            case 3 : {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                T I[9] = { 0 };
-                cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,T)
-                  res(x,c) = I[3]<I[4]?(I[4]<I[5]?I[4]:(I[3]<I[5]?I[5]:I[3])):(I[3]<I[5]?I[3]:(I[4]<I[5]?I[5]:I[4]));
-              }
-            } break;
-            default : {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width>=16 && _spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-              cimg_forXC(*this,x,c) {
-                const int
-                  x0 = x - hl, x1 = x + hr,
-                  nx0 = x0<0?0:x0, nx1 = x1>=width()?width()-1:x1;
-                res(x,c) = get_crop(nx0,0,0,c,nx1,0,0,c).median();
-              }
-            }
-            }
-        }
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Sharpen image.
-    /**
-       \param amplitude Sharpening amplitude
-       \param sharpen_type Select sharpening method. Can be <tt>{ false=inverse diffusion | true=shock filters }</tt>.
-       \param edge Edge threshold (shock filters only).
-       \param alpha Gradient smoothness (shock filters only).
-       \param sigma Tensor smoothness (shock filters only).
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& sharpen(const float amplitude, const bool sharpen_type=false, const float edge=1,
-                     const float alpha=0, const float sigma=0) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      T val_min, val_max = max_min(val_min);
-      const float nedge = edge/2;
-      CImg<Tfloat> velocity(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum), _veloc_max(_spectrum);
-
-      if (_depth>1) { // 3d
-        if (sharpen_type) { // Shock filters.
-          CImg<Tfloat> G = (alpha>0?get_blur(alpha).get_structure_tensors():get_structure_tensors());
-          if (sigma>0) G.blur(sigma);
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=32 && _height*_depth>=16)
-#endif
-          cimg_forYZ(G,y,z) {
-            Tfloat *ptrG0 = G.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrG1 = G.data(0,y,z,1),
-              *ptrG2 = G.data(0,y,z,2), *ptrG3 = G.data(0,y,z,3);
-            CImg<Tfloat> val, vec;
-            cimg_forX(G,x) {
-              G.get_tensor_at(x,y,z).symmetric_eigen(val,vec);
-              if (val[0]<0) val[0] = 0;
-              if (val[1]<0) val[1] = 0;
-              if (val[2]<0) val[2] = 0;
-              *(ptrG0++) = vec(0,0);
-              *(ptrG1++) = vec(0,1);
-              *(ptrG2++) = vec(0,2);
-              *(ptrG3++) = 1 - (Tfloat)std::pow(1+val[0]+val[1]+val[2],-(Tfloat)nedge);
-            }
-          }
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=512 && _spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            Tfloat *ptrd = velocity.data(0,0,0,c), veloc_max = 0;
-            CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
-            cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
-              const Tfloat
-                u = G(x,y,z,0),
-                v = G(x,y,z,1),
-                w = G(x,y,z,2),
-                amp = G(x,y,z,3),
-                ixx = Incc + Ipcc - 2*Iccc,
-                ixy = (Innc + Ippc - Inpc - Ipnc)/4,
-                ixz = (Incn + Ipcp - Incp - Ipcn)/4,
-                iyy = Icnc + Icpc - 2*Iccc,
-                iyz = (Icnn + Icpp - Icnp - Icpn)/4,
-                izz = Iccn + Iccp - 2*Iccc,
-                ixf = Incc - Iccc,
-                ixb = Iccc - Ipcc,
-                iyf = Icnc - Iccc,
-                iyb = Iccc - Icpc,
-                izf = Iccn - Iccc,
-                izb = Iccc - Iccp,
-                itt = u*u*ixx + v*v*iyy + w*w*izz + 2*u*v*ixy + 2*u*w*ixz + 2*v*w*iyz,
-                it = u*cimg::minmod(ixf,ixb) + v*cimg::minmod(iyf,iyb) + w*cimg::minmod(izf,izb),
-                veloc = -amp*cimg::sign(itt)*cimg::abs(it);
-              *(ptrd++) = veloc;
-              if (veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = veloc; else if (-veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = -veloc;
-            }
-            _veloc_max[c] = veloc_max;
-          }
-        } else  // Inverse diffusion.
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            Tfloat *ptrd = velocity.data(0,0,0,c), veloc_max = 0;
-            CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
-            cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
-              const Tfloat veloc = -Ipcc - Incc - Icpc - Icnc - Iccp - Iccn + 6*Iccc;
-              *(ptrd++) = veloc;
-              if (veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = veloc; else if (-veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = -veloc;
-            }
-            _veloc_max[c] = veloc_max;
-          }
-      } else { // 2d.
-        if (sharpen_type) { // Shock filters.
-          CImg<Tfloat> G = (alpha>0?get_blur(alpha).get_structure_tensors():get_structure_tensors());
-          if (sigma>0) G.blur(sigma);
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width>=32 && _height>=16)
-#endif
-          cimg_forY(G,y) {
-            CImg<Tfloat> val, vec;
-            Tfloat *ptrG0 = G.data(0,y,0,0), *ptrG1 = G.data(0,y,0,1), *ptrG2 = G.data(0,y,0,2);
-            cimg_forX(G,x) {
-              G.get_tensor_at(x,y).symmetric_eigen(val,vec);
-              if (val[0]<0) val[0] = 0;
-              if (val[1]<0) val[1] = 0;
-              *(ptrG0++) = vec(0,0);
-              *(ptrG1++) = vec(0,1);
-              *(ptrG2++) = 1 - (Tfloat)std::pow(1 + val[0] + val[1],-(Tfloat)nedge);
-            }
-          }
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height>=512 && _spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            Tfloat *ptrd = velocity.data(0,0,0,c), veloc_max = 0;
-            CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
-            cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,Tfloat) {
-              const Tfloat
-                u = G(x,y,0),
-                v = G(x,y,1),
-                amp = G(x,y,2),
-                ixx = Inc + Ipc - 2*Icc,
-                ixy = (Inn + Ipp - Inp - Ipn)/4,
-                iyy = Icn + Icp - 2*Icc,
-                ixf = Inc - Icc,
-                ixb = Icc - Ipc,
-                iyf = Icn - Icc,
-                iyb = Icc - Icp,
-                itt = u*u*ixx + v*v*iyy + 2*u*v*ixy,
-                it = u*cimg::minmod(ixf,ixb) + v*cimg::minmod(iyf,iyb),
-                veloc = -amp*cimg::sign(itt)*cimg::abs(it);
-              *(ptrd++) = veloc;
-              if (veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = veloc; else if (-veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = -veloc;
-            }
-            _veloc_max[c] = veloc_max;
-          }
-        } else // Inverse diffusion.
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            Tfloat *ptrd = velocity.data(0,0,0,c), veloc_max = 0;
-            CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
-            cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,Tfloat) {
-              const Tfloat veloc = -Ipc - Inc - Icp - Icn + 4*Icc;
-              *(ptrd++) = veloc;
-              if (veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = veloc; else if (-veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = -veloc;
-            }
-            _veloc_max[c] = veloc_max;
-          }
-      }
-      const Tfloat veloc_max = _veloc_max.max();
-      if (veloc_max<=0) return *this;
-      return ((velocity*=amplitude/veloc_max)+=*this).cut(val_min,val_max).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Sharpen image \newinstance.
-    CImg<T> get_sharpen(const float amplitude, const bool sharpen_type=false, const float edge=1,
-                        const float alpha=0, const float sigma=0) const {
-      return (+*this).sharpen(amplitude,sharpen_type,edge,alpha,sigma);
-    }
-
-    //! Return image gradient.
-    /**
-       \param axes Axes considered for the gradient computation, as a C-string (e.g "xy").
-       \param scheme = Numerical scheme used for the gradient computation:
-       - -1 = Backward finite differences
-       - 0 = Centered finite differences
-       - 1 = Forward finite differences
-       - 2 = Using Sobel masks
-       - 3 = Using rotation invariant masks
-       - 4 = Using Deriche recusrsive filter.
-       - 5 = Using Van Vliet recusrsive filter.
-    **/
-    CImgList<Tfloat> get_gradient(const char *const axes=0, const int scheme=3) const {
-      CImgList<Tfloat> grad(2,_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-      bool is_3d = false;
-      if (axes) {
-        for (unsigned int a = 0; axes[a]; ++a) {
-          const char axis = cimg::uncase(axes[a]);
-          switch (axis) {
-          case 'x' : case 'y' : break;
-          case 'z' : is_3d = true; break;
-          default :
-            throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                        "get_gradient(): Invalid specified axis '%c'.",
-                                        cimg_instance,
-                                        axis);
-          }
-        }
-      } else is_3d = (_depth>1);
-      if (is_3d) {
-        CImg<Tfloat>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).move_to(grad);
-        switch (scheme) { // 3d.
-        case -1 : { // Backward finite differences.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=1048576 && _spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            const unsigned long off = c*_width*_height*_depth;
-            Tfloat *ptrd0 = grad[0]._data + off, *ptrd1 = grad[1]._data + off, *ptrd2 = grad[2]._data + off;
-            CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
-            cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
-              *(ptrd0++) = Iccc - Ipcc;
-              *(ptrd1++) = Iccc - Icpc;
-              *(ptrd2++) = Iccc - Iccp;
-            }
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 1 : { // Forward finite differences.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=1048576 && _spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            const unsigned long off = c*_width*_height*_depth;
-            Tfloat *ptrd0 = grad[0]._data + off, *ptrd1 = grad[1]._data + off, *ptrd2 = grad[2]._data + off;
-            CImg_2x2x2(I,Tfloat);
-            cimg_for2x2x2(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
-              *(ptrd0++) = Incc - Iccc;
-              *(ptrd1++) = Icnc - Iccc;
-              *(ptrd2++) = Iccn - Iccc;
-            }
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 4 : { // Deriche filter with low standard variation.
-          grad[0] = get_deriche(0,1,'x');
-          grad[1] = get_deriche(0,1,'y');
-          grad[2] = get_deriche(0,1,'z');
-        } break;
-        case 5 : { // Van Vliet filter with low standard variation.
-          grad[0] = get_vanvliet(0,1,'x');
-          grad[1] = get_vanvliet(0,1,'y');
-          grad[2] = get_vanvliet(0,1,'z');
-        } break;
-        default : { // Central finite differences.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=1048576 && _spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            const unsigned long off = c*_width*_height*_depth;
-            Tfloat *ptrd0 = grad[0]._data + off, *ptrd1 = grad[1]._data + off, *ptrd2 = grad[2]._data + off;
-            CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
-            cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
-              *(ptrd0++) = (Incc - Ipcc)/2;
-              *(ptrd1++) = (Icnc - Icpc)/2;
-              *(ptrd2++) = (Iccn - Iccp)/2;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        }
-      } else switch (scheme) { // 2d.
-      case -1 : { // Backward finite differences.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-        cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
-          const unsigned long off = c*_width*_height*_depth + z*_width*_height;
-          Tfloat *ptrd0 = grad[0]._data + off, *ptrd1 = grad[1]._data + off;
-          CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
-          cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
-            *(ptrd0++) = Icc - Ipc;
-            *(ptrd1++) = Icc - Icp;
-          }
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 1 : { // Forward finite differences.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-        cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
-          const unsigned long off = c*_width*_height*_depth + z*_width*_height;
-          Tfloat *ptrd0 = grad[0]._data + off, *ptrd1 = grad[1]._data + off;
-          CImg_2x2(I,Tfloat);
-          cimg_for2x2(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
-            *(ptrd0++) = Inc - Icc;
-            *(ptrd1++) = Icn - Icc;
-          }
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 2 : { // Sobel scheme.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-        cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
-          const unsigned long off = c*_width*_height*_depth + z*_width*_height;
-          Tfloat *ptrd0 = grad[0]._data + off, *ptrd1 = grad[1]._data + off;
-          CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
-          cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
-            *(ptrd0++) = -Ipp - 2*Ipc - Ipn + Inp + 2*Inc + Inn;
-            *(ptrd1++) = -Ipp - 2*Icp - Inp + Ipn + 2*Icn + Inn;
-          }
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 3 : { // Rotation invariant mask.
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-        cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
-          const unsigned long off = c*_width*_height*_depth + z*_width*_height;
-          Tfloat *ptrd0 = grad[0]._data + off, *ptrd1 = grad[1]._data + off;
-          CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
-          const Tfloat a = (Tfloat)(0.25f*(2-std::sqrt(2.0f))), b = (Tfloat)(0.5f*(std::sqrt(2.0f)-1));
-          cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
-            *(ptrd0++) = -a*Ipp - b*Ipc - a*Ipn + a*Inp + b*Inc + a*Inn;
-            *(ptrd1++) = -a*Ipp - b*Icp - a*Inp + a*Ipn + b*Icn + a*Inn;
-          }
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 4 : { // Van Vliet filter with low standard variation
-        grad[0] = get_deriche(0,1,'x');
-        grad[1] = get_deriche(0,1,'y');
-      } break;
-      case 5 : { // Deriche filter with low standard variation
-        grad[0] = get_vanvliet(0,1,'x');
-        grad[1] = get_vanvliet(0,1,'y');
-      } break;
-      default : { // Central finite differences
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-        cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
-          const unsigned long off = c*_width*_height*_depth + z*_width*_height;
-          Tfloat *ptrd0 = grad[0]._data + off, *ptrd1 = grad[1]._data + off;
-          CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
-          cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
-            *(ptrd0++) = (Inc - Ipc)/2;
-            *(ptrd1++) = (Icn - Icp)/2;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      }
-      if (!axes) return grad;
-      CImgList<Tfloat> res;
-      for (unsigned int l = 0; axes[l]; ++l) {
-        const char axis = cimg::uncase(axes[l]);
-        switch (axis) {
-        case 'x' : res.insert(grad[0]); break;
-        case 'y' : res.insert(grad[1]); break;
-        case 'z' : res.insert(grad[2]); break;
-        }
-      }
-      grad.assign();
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Return image hessian.
-    /**
-       \param axes Axes considered for the hessian computation, as a C-string (e.g "xy").
-    **/
-    CImgList<Tfloat> get_hessian(const char *const axes=0) const {
-      CImgList<Tfloat> res;
-      const char *naxes = axes, *const def_axes2d = "xxxyyy", *const def_axes3d = "xxxyxzyyyzzz";
-      if (!axes) naxes = _depth>1?def_axes3d:def_axes2d;
-      const unsigned int lmax = std::strlen(naxes);
-      if (lmax%2)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "get_hessian(): Invalid specified axes '%s'.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    naxes);
-
-      res.assign(lmax/2,_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(naxes,def_axes3d)) { // 3d
-
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=1048576 && _spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-        cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-          const unsigned long off = c*_width*_height*_depth;
-          Tfloat
-            *ptrd0 = res[0]._data + off, *ptrd1 = res[1]._data + off, *ptrd2 = res[2]._data + off,
-            *ptrd3 = res[3]._data + off, *ptrd4 = res[4]._data + off, *ptrd5 = res[5]._data + off;
-          CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
-          cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
-            *(ptrd0++) = Ipcc + Incc - 2*Iccc;          // Ixx
-            *(ptrd1++) = (Ippc + Innc - Ipnc - Inpc)/4; // Ixy
-            *(ptrd2++) = (Ipcp + Incn - Ipcn - Incp)/4; // Ixz
-            *(ptrd3++) = Icpc + Icnc - 2*Iccc;          // Iyy
-            *(ptrd4++) = (Icpp + Icnn - Icpn - Icnp)/4; // Iyz
-            *(ptrd5++) = Iccn + Iccp - 2*Iccc;          // Izz
-          }
-        }
-      } else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(naxes,def_axes2d)) { // 2d
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-        cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
-          const unsigned long off = c*_width*_height*_depth + z*_width*_height;
-          Tfloat *ptrd0 = res[0]._data + off, *ptrd1 = res[1]._data + off, *ptrd2 = res[2]._data + off;
-          CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
-          cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
-            *(ptrd0++) = Ipc + Inc - 2*Icc;         // Ixx
-            *(ptrd1++) = (Ipp + Inn - Ipn - Inp)/4; // Ixy
-            *(ptrd2++) = Icp + Icn - 2*Icc;         // Iyy
-          }
-        }
-      } else for (unsigned int l = 0; l<lmax; ) { // Version with custom axes.
-          const unsigned int l2 = l/2;
-          char axis1 = naxes[l++], axis2 = naxes[l++];
-          if (axis1>axis2) cimg::swap(axis1,axis2);
-          bool valid_axis = false;
-          if (axis1=='x' && axis2=='x') { // Ixx
-            valid_axis = true;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-            cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
-              Tfloat *ptrd = res[l2].data(0,0,z,c);
-              CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
-              cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) *(ptrd++) = Ipc + Inc - 2*Icc;
-            }
-          }
-          else if (axis1=='x' && axis2=='y') { // Ixy
-            valid_axis = true;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-            cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
-              Tfloat *ptrd = res[l2].data(0,0,z,c);
-              CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
-              cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) *(ptrd++) = (Ipp + Inn - Ipn - Inp)/4;
-            }
-          }
-          else if (axis1=='x' && axis2=='z') { // Ixz
-            valid_axis = true;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=1048576 && _spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              Tfloat *ptrd = res[l2].data(0,0,0,c);
-              CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
-              cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) *(ptrd++) = (Ipcp + Incn - Ipcn - Incp)/4;
-            }
-          }
-          else if (axis1=='y' && axis2=='y') { // Iyy
-            valid_axis = true;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-            cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
-              Tfloat *ptrd = res[l2].data(0,0,z,c);
-              CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
-              cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) *(ptrd++) = Icp + Icn - 2*Icc;
-            }
-          }
-          else if (axis1=='y' && axis2=='z') { // Iyz
-            valid_axis = true;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=1048576 && _spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              Tfloat *ptrd = res[l2].data(0,0,0,c);
-              CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
-              cimg_forC(*this,c) cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) *(ptrd++) = (Icpp + Icnn - Icpn - Icnp)/4;
-            }
-          }
-          else if (axis1=='z' && axis2=='z') { // Izz
-            valid_axis = true;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=1048576 && _spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              Tfloat *ptrd = res[l2].data(0,0,0,c);
-              CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
-              cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) *(ptrd++) = Iccn + Iccp - 2*Iccc;
-            }
-          }
-          else if (!valid_axis)
-            throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                        "get_hessian(): Invalid specified axes '%s'.",
-                                        cimg_instance,
-                                        naxes);
-        }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute image laplacian.
-    CImg<T>& laplacian() {
-      return get_laplacian().move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute image laplacian \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_laplacian() const {
-      if (is_empty()) return CImg<Tfloat>();
-      CImg<Tfloat> res(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-      if (_depth>1) { // 3d
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=1048576 && _spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-        cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-          Tfloat *ptrd = res.data(0,0,0,c);
-          CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
-          cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) *(ptrd++) = Incc + Ipcc + Icnc + Icpc + Iccn + Iccp - 6*Iccc;
-        }
-      } else if (_height>1) { // 2d
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-        cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-          Tfloat *ptrd = res.data(0,0,0,c);
-          CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
-          cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,Tfloat) *(ptrd++) = Inc + Ipc + Icn + Icp - 4*Icc;
-        }
-      } else { // 1d
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width>=1048576 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-        cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-          Tfloat *ptrd = res.data(0,0,0,c);
-          CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
-          cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,Tfloat) *(ptrd++) = Inc + Ipc - 2*Icc;
-        }
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the structure tensor field of an image.
-    /**
-       \param scheme Numerical scheme. Can be <tt>{ 0=central | 1=fwd/bwd1 | 2=fwd/bwd2 }</tt>
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& structure_tensors(const unsigned int scheme=2) {
-      return get_structure_tensors(scheme).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute the structure tensor field of an image \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_structure_tensors(const unsigned int scheme=2) const {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      CImg<Tfloat> res;
-      if (_depth>1) { // 3d
-        res.assign(_width,_height,_depth,6,0);
-        switch (scheme) {
-        case 0 : { // classical central finite differences
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=1048576 && _spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            Tfloat
-              *ptrd0 = res.data(0,0,0,0), *ptrd1 = res.data(0,0,0,1), *ptrd2 = res.data(0,0,0,2),
-              *ptrd3 = res.data(0,0,0,3), *ptrd4 = res.data(0,0,0,4), *ptrd5 = res.data(0,0,0,5);
-            CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
-            cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
-              const Tfloat
-                ix = (Incc - Ipcc)/2,
-                iy = (Icnc - Icpc)/2,
-                iz = (Iccn - Iccp)/2;
-              *(ptrd0++)+=ix*ix;
-              *(ptrd1++)+=ix*iy;
-              *(ptrd2++)+=ix*iz;
-              *(ptrd3++)+=iy*iy;
-              *(ptrd4++)+=iy*iz;
-              *(ptrd5++)+=iz*iz;
-            }
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 1 : { // Forward/backward finite differences (version 1).
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=1048576 && _spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            Tfloat
-              *ptrd0 = res.data(0,0,0,0), *ptrd1 = res.data(0,0,0,1), *ptrd2 = res.data(0,0,0,2),
-              *ptrd3 = res.data(0,0,0,3), *ptrd4 = res.data(0,0,0,4), *ptrd5 = res.data(0,0,0,5);
-            CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
-            cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
-              const Tfloat
-                ixf = Incc - Iccc, ixb = Iccc - Ipcc,
-                iyf = Icnc - Iccc, iyb = Iccc - Icpc,
-                izf = Iccn - Iccc, izb = Iccc - Iccp;
-              *(ptrd0++)+=(ixf*ixf + 2*ixf*ixb + ixb*ixb)/4;
-              *(ptrd1++)+=(ixf*iyf + ixf*iyb + ixb*iyf + ixb*iyb)/4;
-              *(ptrd2++)+=(ixf*izf + ixf*izb + ixb*izf + ixb*izb)/4;
-              *(ptrd3++)+=(iyf*iyf + 2*iyf*iyb + iyb*iyb)/4;
-              *(ptrd4++)+=(iyf*izf + iyf*izb + iyb*izf + iyb*izb)/4;
-              *(ptrd5++)+=(izf*izf + 2*izf*izb + izb*izb)/4;
-            }
-          }
-        } break;
-        default : { // Forward/backward finite differences (version 2).
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=1048576 && _spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            Tfloat
-              *ptrd0 = res.data(0,0,0,0), *ptrd1 = res.data(0,0,0,1), *ptrd2 = res.data(0,0,0,2),
-              *ptrd3 = res.data(0,0,0,3), *ptrd4 = res.data(0,0,0,4), *ptrd5 = res.data(0,0,0,5);
-            CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
-            cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
-              const Tfloat
-                ixf = Incc - Iccc, ixb = Iccc - Ipcc,
-                iyf = Icnc - Iccc, iyb = Iccc - Icpc,
-                izf = Iccn - Iccc, izb = Iccc - Iccp;
-              *(ptrd0++)+=(ixf*ixf + ixb*ixb)/2;
-              *(ptrd1++)+=(ixf*iyf + ixf*iyb + ixb*iyf + ixb*iyb)/4;
-              *(ptrd2++)+=(ixf*izf + ixf*izb + ixb*izf + ixb*izb)/4;
-              *(ptrd3++)+=(iyf*iyf + iyb*iyb)/2;
-              *(ptrd4++)+=(iyf*izf + iyf*izb + iyb*izf + iyb*izb)/4;
-              *(ptrd5++)+=(izf*izf + izb*izb)/2;
-            }
-          }
-        } break;
-        }
-      } else { // 2d
-        res.assign(_width,_height,_depth,3,0);
-        switch (scheme) {
-        case 0 : { // classical central finite differences
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            Tfloat *ptrd0 = res.data(0,0,0,0), *ptrd1 = res.data(0,0,0,1), *ptrd2 = res.data(0,0,0,2);
-            CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
-            cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,Tfloat) {
-              const Tfloat
-                ix = (Inc - Ipc)/2,
-                iy = (Icn - Icp)/2;
-              *(ptrd0++)+=ix*ix;
-              *(ptrd1++)+=ix*iy;
-              *(ptrd2++)+=iy*iy;
-            }
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 1 : { // Forward/backward finite differences (version 1).
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            Tfloat *ptrd0 = res.data(0,0,0,0), *ptrd1 = res.data(0,0,0,1), *ptrd2 = res.data(0,0,0,2);
-            CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
-            cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,Tfloat) {
-              const Tfloat
-                ixf = Inc - Icc, ixb = Icc - Ipc,
-                iyf = Icn - Icc, iyb = Icc - Icp;
-              *(ptrd0++)+=(ixf*ixf + 2*ixf*ixb + ixb*ixb)/4;
-              *(ptrd1++)+=(ixf*iyf + ixf*iyb + ixb*iyf + ixb*iyb)/4;
-              *(ptrd2++)+=(iyf*iyf + 2*iyf*iyb + iyb*iyb)/4;
-            }
-          }
-        } break;
-        default : { // Forward/backward finite differences (version 2).
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            Tfloat *ptrd0 = res.data(0,0,0,0), *ptrd1 = res.data(0,0,0,1), *ptrd2 = res.data(0,0,0,2);
-            CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
-            cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,Tfloat) {
-              const Tfloat
-                ixf = Inc - Icc, ixb = Icc - Ipc,
-                iyf = Icn - Icc, iyb = Icc - Icp;
-              *(ptrd0++)+=(ixf*ixf + ixb*ixb)/2;
-              *(ptrd1++)+=(ixf*iyf + ixf*iyb + ixb*iyf + ixb*iyb)/4;
-              *(ptrd2++)+=(iyf*iyf + iyb*iyb)/2;
-            }
-          }
-        } break;
-        }
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute field of diffusion tensors for edge-preserving smoothing.
-    /**
-       \param sharpness Sharpness
-       \param anisotropy Anisotropy
-       \param alpha Standard deviation of the gradient blur.
-       \param sigma Standard deviation of the structure tensor blur.
-       \param is_sqrt Tells if the square root of the tensor field is computed instead.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& diffusion_tensors(const float sharpness=0.7f, const float anisotropy=0.6f,
-                               const float alpha=0.6f, const float sigma=1.1f, const bool is_sqrt=false) {
-      CImg<Tfloat> res;
-      const float
-        nsharpness = cimg::max(sharpness,1e-5f),
-        power1 = (is_sqrt?0.5f:1)*nsharpness,
-        power2 = power1/(1e-7f+1-anisotropy);
-      blur(alpha).normalize(0,(T)255);
-
-      if (_depth>1) { // 3d
-        get_structure_tensors().move_to(res).blur(sigma);
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if(_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=256)
-#endif
-        cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
-          Tfloat
-            *ptrd0 = res.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrd1 = res.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrd2 = res.data(0,y,z,2),
-            *ptrd3 = res.data(0,y,z,3), *ptrd4 = res.data(0,y,z,4), *ptrd5 = res.data(0,y,z,5);
-          CImg<floatT> val(3), vec(3,3);
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            res.get_tensor_at(x,y,z).symmetric_eigen(val,vec);
-            const float
-              _l1 = val[2], _l2 = val[1], _l3 = val[0],
-              l1 = _l1>0?_l1:0, l2 = _l2>0?_l2:0, l3 = _l3>0?_l3:0,
-              ux = vec(0,0), uy = vec(0,1), uz = vec(0,2),
-              vx = vec(1,0), vy = vec(1,1), vz = vec(1,2),
-              wx = vec(2,0), wy = vec(2,1), wz = vec(2,2),
-              n1 = (float)std::pow(1+l1+l2+l3,-power1),
-              n2 = (float)std::pow(1+l1+l2+l3,-power2);
-            *(ptrd0++) = n1*(ux*ux + vx*vx) + n2*wx*wx;
-            *(ptrd1++) = n1*(ux*uy + vx*vy) + n2*wx*wy;
-            *(ptrd2++) = n1*(ux*uz + vx*vz) + n2*wx*wz;
-            *(ptrd3++) = n1*(uy*uy + vy*vy) + n2*wy*wy;
-            *(ptrd4++) = n1*(uy*uz + vy*vz) + n2*wy*wz;
-            *(ptrd5++) = n1*(uz*uz + vz*vz) + n2*wz*wz;
-          }
-        }
-      } else { // for 2d images
-        get_structure_tensors().move_to(res).blur(sigma);
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if(_width>=256 && _height>=256)
-#endif
-        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
-          Tfloat *ptrd0 = res.data(0,y,0,0), *ptrd1 = res.data(0,y,0,1), *ptrd2 = res.data(0,y,0,2);
-          CImg<floatT> val(2), vec(2,2);
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            res.get_tensor_at(x,y).symmetric_eigen(val,vec);
-            const float
-              _l1 = val[1], _l2 = val[0],
-              l1 = _l1>0?_l1:0, l2 = _l2>0?_l2:0,
-              ux = vec(1,0), uy = vec(1,1),
-              vx = vec(0,0), vy = vec(0,1),
-              n1 = (float)std::pow(1+l1+l2,-power1),
-              n2 = (float)std::pow(1+l1+l2,-power2);
-            *(ptrd0++) = n1*ux*ux + n2*vx*vx;
-            *(ptrd1++) = n1*ux*uy + n2*vx*vy;
-            *(ptrd2++) = n1*uy*uy + n2*vy*vy;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return res.move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute field of diffusion tensors for edge-preserving smoothing \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_diffusion_tensors(const float sharpness=0.7f, const float anisotropy=0.6f,
-                                       const float alpha=0.6f, const float sigma=1.1f, const bool is_sqrt=false) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).diffusion_tensors(sharpness,anisotropy,alpha,sigma,is_sqrt);
-    }
-
-    //! Estimate displacement field between two images.
-    /**
-       \param source Reference image.
-       \param smoothness Smoothness of estimated displacement field.
-       \param precision Precision required for algorithm convergence.
-       \param nb_scales Number of scales used to estimate the displacement field.
-       \param iteration_max Maximum number of iterations allowed for one scale.
-       \param is_backward If false, match I2(X+U(X)) = I1(X), else match I2(X) = I1(X-U(X)).
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& displacement(const CImg<T>& source, const float smoothness=0.1f, const float precision=5.0f,
-                          const unsigned int nb_scales=0, const unsigned int iteration_max=10000,
-                          const bool is_backward=false) {
-      return get_displacement(source,smoothness,precision,nb_scales,iteration_max,is_backward).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Estimate displacement field between two images \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_displacement(const CImg<T>& source,
-                                  const float smoothness=0.1f, const float precision=5.0f,
-                                  const unsigned int nb_scales=0, const unsigned int iteration_max=10000,
-                                  const bool is_backward=false) const {
-      if (is_empty() || !source) return +*this;
-      if (!is_sameXYZC(source))
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "displacement(): Instance and source image (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
-                                    "different dimensions.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    source._width,source._height,source._depth,source._spectrum,source._data);
-      if (precision<0)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "displacement(): Invalid specified precision %g "
-                                    "(should be >=0)",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    precision);
-      const unsigned int _nb_scales = nb_scales>0?nb_scales:
-        (unsigned int)(2*std::log((double)(cimg::max(_width,_height))));
-      const float _precision = (float)std::pow(10.0,-(double)precision);
-      float sm, sM = source.max_min(sm), tm, tM = max_min(tm);
-      const float sdelta = sm==sM?1:(sM - sm), tdelta = tm==tM?1:(tM - tm);
-      const bool is_3d = source._depth>1;
-      CImg<floatT> U;
-
-      for (int scale = _nb_scales-1; scale>=0; --scale) {
-        const float factor = (float)std::pow(1.5,(double)scale);
-        const unsigned int
-          _sw = (unsigned int)(_width/factor), sw = _sw?_sw:1,
-          _sh = (unsigned int)(_height/factor), sh = _sh?_sh:1,
-          _sd = (unsigned int)(_depth/factor), sd = _sd?_sd:1;
-        if (sw<5 && sh<5 && (!is_3d || sd<5)) continue;  // skip too small scales.
-        const CImg<Tfloat>
-          I1 = (source.get_resize(sw,sh,sd,-100,2)-=sm)/=sdelta,
-          I2 = (get_resize(I1,2)-=tm)/=tdelta;
-        if (U) (U*=1.5f).resize(I2._width,I2._height,I2._depth,-100,3);
-        else U.assign(I2._width,I2._height,I2._depth,is_3d?3:2,0);
-        float dt = 2, energy = cimg::type<float>::max();
-        const CImgList<Tfloat> dI = is_backward?I1.get_gradient():I2.get_gradient();
-
-        for (unsigned int iteration = 0; iteration<iteration_max; ++iteration) {
-          float _energy = 0;
-          if (is_3d) { // 3d version.
-            if (smoothness>=0) cimg_for3XYZ(U,x,y,z) { // Isotropic regularization.
-                const float
-                  X = is_backward?x - U(x,y,z,0):x + U(x,y,z,0),
-                  Y = is_backward?y - U(x,y,z,1):y + U(x,y,z,1),
-                  Z = is_backward?z - U(x,y,z,2):z + U(x,y,z,2);
-                float delta_I = 0, _energy_regul = 0;
-                if (is_backward) cimg_forC(I2,c) delta_I+=(float)(I1.linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,c) - I2(x,y,z,c));
-                else cimg_forC(I2,c) delta_I+=(float)(I1(x,y,z,c) - I2.linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,c));
-                cimg_forC(U,c) {
-                  const float
-                    Ux = 0.5f*(U(_n1x,y,z,c) - U(_p1x,y,z,c)),
-                    Uy = 0.5f*(U(x,_n1y,z,c) - U(x,_p1y,z,c)),
-                    Uz = 0.5f*(U(x,y,_n1z,c) - U(x,y,_p1z,c)),
-                    Uxx = U(_n1x,y,z,c) + U(_p1x,y,z,c),
-                    Uyy = U(x,_n1y,z,c) + U(x,_p1y,z,c),
-                    Uzz = U(x,y,_n1z,c) + U(x,y,_p1z,c);
-                  U(x,y,z,c) = (float)(U(x,y,z,c) + dt*(delta_I*dI[c].linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z) +
-                                                        smoothness* ( Uxx + Uyy + Uzz)))/(1+6*smoothness*dt);
-                  _energy_regul+=Ux*Ux + Uy*Uy + Uz*Uz;
-                }
-                _energy+=delta_I*delta_I + smoothness*_energy_regul;
-              } else {
-              const float nsmoothness = -smoothness;
-              cimg_for3XYZ(U,x,y,z) { // Anisotropic regularization.
-                const float
-                  X = is_backward?x - U(x,y,z,0):x + U(x,y,z,0),
-                  Y = is_backward?y - U(x,y,z,1):y + U(x,y,z,1),
-                  Z = is_backward?z - U(x,y,z,2):z + U(x,y,z,2);
-                float delta_I = 0, _energy_regul = 0;
-                if (is_backward) cimg_forC(I2,c) delta_I+=(float)(I1.linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,c) - I2(x,y,z,c));
-                else cimg_forC(I2,c) delta_I+=(float)(I1(x,y,z,c) - I2.linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,c));
-                cimg_forC(U,c) {
-                  const float
-                    Ux = 0.5f*(U(_n1x,y,z,c) - U(_p1x,y,z,c)),
-                    Uy = 0.5f*(U(x,_n1y,z,c) - U(x,_p1y,z,c)),
-                    Uz = 0.5f*(U(x,y,_n1z,c) - U(x,y,_p1z,c)),
-                    N2 = Ux*Ux + Uy*Uy + Uz*Uz,
-                    N = std::sqrt(N2),
-                    N3 = 1e-5f + N2*N,
-                    coef_a = (1 - Ux*Ux/N2)/N,
-                    coef_b = -2*Ux*Uy/N3,
-                    coef_c = -2*Ux*Uz/N3,
-                    coef_d = (1 - Uy*Uy/N2)/N,
-                    coef_e = -2*Uy*Uz/N3,
-                    coef_f = (1 - Uz*Uz/N2)/N,
-                    Uxx = U(_n1x,y,z,c) + U(_p1x,y,z,c),
-                    Uyy = U(x,_n1y,z,c) + U(x,_p1y,z,c),
-                    Uzz = U(x,y,_n1z,c) + U(x,y,_p1z,c),
-                    Uxy = 0.25f*(U(_n1x,_n1y,z,c) + U(_p1x,_p1y,z,c) - U(_n1x,_p1y,z,c) - U(_n1x,_p1y,z,c)),
-                    Uxz = 0.25f*(U(_n1x,y,_n1z,c) + U(_p1x,y,_p1z,c) - U(_n1x,y,_p1z,c) - U(_n1x,y,_p1z,c)),
-                    Uyz = 0.25f*(U(x,_n1y,_n1z,c) + U(x,_p1y,_p1z,c) - U(x,_n1y,_p1z,c) - U(x,_n1y,_p1z,c));
-                  U(x,y,z,c) = (float)(U(x,y,z,c) + dt*(delta_I*dI[c].linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z) +
-                                                        nsmoothness* ( coef_a*Uxx + coef_b*Uxy +
-                                                                       coef_c*Uxz + coef_d*Uyy +
-                                                                       coef_e*Uyz + coef_f*Uzz ))
-                                       )/(1+2*(coef_a+coef_d+coef_f)*nsmoothness*dt);
-                  _energy_regul+=N;
-                }
-                _energy+=delta_I*delta_I + nsmoothness*_energy_regul;
-              }
-            }
-          } else { // 2d version.
-            if (smoothness>=0) cimg_for3XY(U,x,y) { // Isotropic regularization.
-                const float
-                  X = is_backward?x - U(x,y,0):x + U(x,y,0),
-                  Y = is_backward?y - U(x,y,1):y + U(x,y,1);
-                float delta_I = 0, _energy_regul = 0;
-                if (is_backward) cimg_forC(I2,c) delta_I+=(float)(I1.linear_atXY(X,Y,c) - I2(x,y,c));
-                else cimg_forC(I2,c) delta_I+=(float)(I1(x,y,c) - I2.linear_atXY(X,Y,c));
-                cimg_forC(U,c) {
-                  const float
-                    Ux = 0.5f*(U(_n1x,y,c) - U(_p1x,y,c)),
-                    Uy = 0.5f*(U(x,_n1y,c) - U(x,_p1y,c)),
-                    Uxx = U(_n1x,y,c) + U(_p1x,y,c),
-                    Uyy = U(x,_n1y,c) + U(x,_p1y,c);
-                  U(x,y,c) = (float)(U(x,y,c) + dt*(delta_I*dI[c].linear_atXY(X,Y) +
-                                                    smoothness*( Uxx + Uyy )))/(1+4*smoothness*dt);
-                  _energy_regul+=Ux*Ux + Uy*Uy;
-                }
-                _energy+=delta_I*delta_I + smoothness*_energy_regul;
-              } else {
-              const float nsmoothness = -smoothness;
-              cimg_for3XY(U,x,y) { // Anisotropic regularization.
-                const float
-                  X = is_backward?x - U(x,y,0):x + U(x,y,0),
-                  Y = is_backward?y - U(x,y,1):y + U(x,y,1);
-                float delta_I = 0, _energy_regul = 0;
-                if (is_backward) cimg_forC(I2,c) delta_I+=(float)(I1.linear_atXY(X,Y,c) - I2(x,y,c));
-                else cimg_forC(I2,c) delta_I+=(float)(I1(x,y,c) - I2.linear_atXY(X,Y,c));
-                cimg_forC(U,c) {
-                  const float
-                    Ux = 0.5f*(U(_n1x,y,c) - U(_p1x,y,c)),
-                    Uy = 0.5f*(U(x,_n1y,c) - U(x,_p1y,c)),
-                    N2 = Ux*Ux + Uy*Uy,
-                    N = std::sqrt(N2),
-                    N3 = 1e-5f + N2*N,
-                    coef_a = Uy*Uy/N3,
-                    coef_b = -2*Ux*Uy/N3,
-                    coef_c = Ux*Ux/N3,
-                    Uxx = U(_n1x,y,c) + U(_p1x,y,c),
-                    Uyy = U(x,_n1y,c) + U(x,_p1y,c),
-                    Uxy = 0.25f*(U(_n1x,_n1y,c) + U(_p1x,_p1y,c) - U(_n1x,_p1y,c) - U(_n1x,_p1y,c));
-                  U(x,y,c) = (float)(U(x,y,c) + dt*(delta_I*dI[c].linear_atXY(X,Y) +
-                                                    nsmoothness*( coef_a*Uxx + coef_b*Uxy + coef_c*Uyy )))/
-                    (1+2*(coef_a+coef_c)*nsmoothness*dt);
-                  _energy_regul+=N;
-                }
-                _energy+=delta_I*delta_I + nsmoothness*_energy_regul;
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          const float d_energy = (_energy - energy)/(sw*sh*sd);
-          if (d_energy<=0 && -d_energy<_precision) break;
-          if (d_energy>0) dt*=0.5f;
-          energy = _energy;
-        }
-      }
-      return U;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute Euclidean distance function to a specified value.
-    /**
-        \param value Reference value.
-        \param metric Type of metric. Can be <tt>{ 0=Chebyshev | 1=Manhattan | 2=Euclidean | 3=Squared-euclidean }</tt>.
-        \note
-        The distance transform implementation has been submitted by A. Meijster, and implements
-        the article 'W.H. Hesselink, A. Meijster, J.B.T.M. Roerdink,
-                     "A general algorithm for computing distance transforms in linear time.",
-                     In: Mathematical Morphology and its Applications to Image and Signal Processing,
-                     J. Goutsias, L. Vincent, and D.S. Bloomberg (eds.), Kluwer, 2000, pp. 331-340.'
-         The submitted code has then been modified to fit CImg coding style and constraints.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& distance(const T value, const unsigned int metric=2) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      bool is_value = false;
-      cimg_for(*this,ptr,T) *ptr = *ptr==value?is_value=true,0:(T)999999999;
-      if (!is_value) return fill(cimg::type<T>::max());
-      switch (metric) {
-      case 0 : return _distance_core(_distance_sep_cdt,_distance_dist_cdt);          // Chebyshev.
-      case 1 : return _distance_core(_distance_sep_mdt,_distance_dist_mdt);          // Manhattan.
-      case 3 : return _distance_core(_distance_sep_edt,_distance_dist_edt);          // Squared Euclidean.
-      default : return _distance_core(_distance_sep_edt,_distance_dist_edt).sqrt();  // Euclidean.
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute distance to a specified value \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_distance(const T value, const unsigned int metric=2) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).distance((Tfloat)value,metric);
-    }
-
-    static long _distance_sep_edt(const long i, const long u, const long *const g) {
-      return (u*u-i*i+g[u]-g[i])/(2*(u-i));
-    }
-
-    static long _distance_dist_edt(const long x, const long i, const long *const g) {
-      return (x-i)*(x-i) + g[i];
-    }
-
-    static long _distance_sep_mdt(const long i, const long u, const long *const g) {
-      return (u-i<=g[u]-g[i]?999999999:(g[u]-g[i]+u+i)/2);
-    }
-
-    static long _distance_dist_mdt(const long x, const long i, const long *const g) {
-      return (x<i?i-x:x-i) + g[i];
-    }
-
-    static long _distance_sep_cdt(const long i, const long u, const long *const g) {
-      const long h = (i+u)/2;
-      if (g[i]<=g[u]) { return h<i+g[u]?i+g[u]:h; }
-      return h<u-g[i]?h:u-g[i];
-    }
-
-    static long _distance_dist_cdt(const long x, const long i, const long *const g) {
-      const long d = x<i?i-x:x-i;
-      return d<g[i]?g[i]:d;
-    }
-
-    static void _distance_scan(const unsigned int len,
-                               const long *const g,
-                               long (*const sep)(const long, const long, const long *const),
-                               long (*const f)(const long, const long, const long *const),
-                               long *const s,
-                               long *const t,
-                               long *const dt) {
-      long q = s[0] = t[0] = 0;
-      for (int u = 1; u<(int)len; ++u) { // Forward scan.
-        while ((q>=0) && f(t[q],s[q],g)>f(t[q],u,g)) { --q; }
-        if (q<0) { q = 0; s[0] = u; }
-        else { const long w = 1 + sep(s[q], u, g); if (w<(long)len) { ++q; s[q] = u; t[q] = w; }}
-      }
-      for (int u = (int)len-1; u>=0; --u) { dt[u] = f(u,s[q],g); if (u==t[q]) --q; } // Backward scan.
-    }
-
-    CImg<T>& _distance_core(long (*const sep)(const long, const long, const long *const),
-                            long (*const f)(const long, const long, const long *const)) {
-      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-      cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-        CImg<longT> g(_width), dt(_width), s(_width), t(_width);
-        CImg<T> img = get_shared_channel(c);
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth>=16) firstprivate(g,dt,s,t)
-#endif
-        cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) { // Over X-direction.
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) g[x] = (long)img(x,y,z,0,wh);
-          _distance_scan(_width,g,sep,f,s,t,dt);
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) img(x,y,z,0,wh) = (T)dt[x];
-        }
-        if (_height>1) {
-          g.assign(_height); dt.assign(_height); s.assign(_height); t.assign(_height);
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_height>=512 && _width*_depth>=16) firstprivate(g,dt,s,t)
-#endif
-          cimg_forXZ(*this,x,z) { // Over Y-direction.
-            cimg_forY(*this,y) g[y] = (long)img(x,y,z,0,wh);
-            _distance_scan(_height,g,sep,f,s,t,dt);
-            cimg_forY(*this,y) img(x,y,z,0,wh) = (T)dt[y];
-          }
-        }
-        if (_depth>1) {
-          g.assign(_depth); dt.assign(_depth); s.assign(_depth); t.assign(_depth);
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_depth>=512 && _width*_height>=16) firstprivate(g,dt,s,t)
-#endif
-          cimg_forXY(*this,x,y) { // Over Z-direction.
-            cimg_forZ(*this,z) g[z] = (long)img(x,y,z,0,wh);
-            _distance_scan(_depth,g,sep,f,s,t,dt);
-            cimg_forZ(*this,z) img(x,y,z,0,wh) = (T)dt[z];
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute chamfer distance to a specified value, with a custom metric.
-    /**
-       \param value Reference value.
-       \param metric_mask Metric mask.
-       \note The algorithm code has been initially proposed by A. Meijster, and modified by D. Tschumperlé.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& distance(const T value, const CImg<t>& metric_mask) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      bool is_value = false;
-      cimg_for(*this,ptr,T) *ptr = *ptr==value?is_value=true,0:(T)999999999;
-      if (!is_value) return fill(cimg::type<T>::max());
-      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_spectrum>=2)
-#endif
-      cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-        CImg<T> img = get_shared_channel(c);
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width*_height*_depth>=1024)
-#endif
-        cimg_forXYZ(metric_mask,dx,dy,dz) {
-          const t weight = metric_mask(dx,dy,dz);
-          if (weight) {
-            for (int z = dz, nz = 0; z<depth(); ++z,++nz) { // Forward scan.
-              for (int y = dy , ny = 0; y<height(); ++y,++ny) {
-                for (int x = dx, nx = 0; x<width(); ++x,++nx) {
-                  const T dd = img(nx,ny,nz,0,wh) + weight;
-                  if (dd<img(x,y,z,0,wh)) img(x,y,z,0,wh) = dd;
-                }
-              }
-            }
-            for (int z = depth() - 1 - dz, nz = depth() - 1; z>=0; --z,--nz) { // Backward scan.
-              for (int y = height() - 1 - dy, ny = height() - 1; y>=0; --y,--ny) {
-                for (int x = width() - 1 - dx, nx = width() - 1; x>=0; --x,--nx) {
-                  const T dd = img(nx,ny,nz,0,wh) + weight;
-                  if (dd<img(x,y,z,0,wh)) img(x,y,z,0,wh) = dd;
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute chamfer distance to a specified value, with a custom metric \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_distance(const T value, const CImg<t>& metric_mask) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).distance(value,metric_mask);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute distance to a specified value, according to a custom metric (use dijkstra algorithm).
-    /**
-       \param value Reference value.
-       \param metric Field of distance potentials.
-       \param is_high_connectivity Tells if the algorithm uses low or high connectivity.
-     **/
-    template<typename t, typename to>
-    CImg<T>& distance_dijkstra(const T value, const CImg<t>& metric, const bool is_high_connectivity,
-                               CImg<to>& return_path) {
-      return get_distance_dijkstra(value,metric,is_high_connectivity,return_path).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute distance map to a specified value, according to a custom metric (use dijkstra algorithm). \newinstance.
-    template<typename t, typename to>
-    CImg<typename cimg::superset<t,long>::type>
-    get_distance_dijkstra(const T value, const CImg<t>& metric, const bool is_high_connectivity,
-                          CImg<to>& return_path) const {
-      if (is_empty()) return return_path.assign();
-      if (!is_sameXYZ(metric))
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "distance_dijkstra(): image instance and metric map (%u,%u,%u,%u) "
-                                    "have incompatible dimensions.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    metric._width,metric._height,metric._depth,metric._spectrum);
-      typedef typename cimg::superset<t,long>::type td;  // Type used for computing cumulative distances.
-      CImg<td> result(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum), Q;
-      CImg<boolT> is_queued(_width,_height,_depth,1);
-      if (return_path) return_path.assign(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-
-      cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-        const CImg<T> img = get_shared_channel(c);
-        const CImg<t> met = metric.get_shared_channel(c%metric._spectrum);
-        CImg<td> res = result.get_shared_channel(c);
-        CImg<to> path = return_path?return_path.get_shared_channel(c):CImg<to>();
-        unsigned int sizeQ = 0;
-
-        // Detect initial seeds.
-        is_queued.fill(0);
-        cimg_forXYZ(img,x,y,z) if (img(x,y,z)==value) {
-          Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,0,x,y,z);
-          res(x,y,z) = 0;
-          if (path) path(x,y,z) = (to)0;
-        }
-
-        // Start distance propagation.
-        while (sizeQ) {
-
-          // Get and remove point with minimal potential from the queue.
-          const int x = (int)Q(0,1), y = (int)Q(0,2), z = (int)Q(0,3);
-          const td P = (td)-Q(0,0);
-          Q._priority_queue_remove(sizeQ);
-
-          // Update neighbors.
-          td npot = 0;
-          if (x-1>=0 && Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=met(x-1,y,z)+P),x-1,y,z)) {
-            res(x-1,y,z) = npot; if (path) path(x-1,y,z) = (to)2;
-          }
-          if (x+1<width() && Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=met(x+1,y,z)+P),x+1,y,z)) {
-            res(x+1,y,z) = npot; if (path) path(x+1,y,z) = (to)1;
-          }
-          if (y-1>=0 && Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=met(x,y-1,z)+P),x,y-1,z)) {
-            res(x,y-1,z) = npot; if (path) path(x,y-1,z) = (to)8;
-          }
-          if (y+1<height() && Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=met(x,y+1,z)+P),x,y+1,z)) {
-            res(x,y+1,z) = npot; if (path) path(x,y+1,z) = (to)4;
-          }
-          if (z-1>=0 && Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=met(x,y,z-1)+P),x,y,z-1)) {
-            res(x,y,z-1) = npot; if (path) path(x,y,z-1) = (to)32;
-          }
-          if (z+1<depth() && Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=met(x,y,z+1)+P),x,y,z+1)) {
-            res(x,y,z+1) = npot; if (path) path(x,y,z+1) = (to)16;
-          }
-
-          if (is_high_connectivity) {
-            const float sqrt2 = std::sqrt(2.0f), sqrt3 = std::sqrt(3.0f);
-
-            // Diagonal neighbors on slice z.
-            if (x-1>=0 && y-1>=0 &&
-                Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x-1,y-1,z)+P)),x-1,y-1,z)) {
-              res(x-1,y-1,z) = npot; if (path) path(x-1,y-1,z) = (to)10;
-            }
-            if (x+1<width() && y-1>=0 &&
-                Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x+1,y-1,z)+P)),x+1,y-1,z)) {
-              res(x+1,y-1,z) = npot; if (path) path(x+1,y-1,z) = (to)9;
-            }
-            if (x-1>=0 && y+1<height() &&
-                Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x-1,y+1,z)+P)),x-1,y+1,z)) {
-              res(x-1,y+1,z) = npot; if (path) path(x-1,y+1,z) = (to)6;
-            }
-            if (x+1<width() && y+1<height() &&
-                Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x+1,y+1,z)+P)),x+1,y+1,z)) {
-              res(x+1,y+1,z) = npot; if (path) path(x+1,y+1,z) = (to)5;
-            }
-
-            if (z-1>=0) { // Diagonal neighbors on slice z-1.
-              if (x-1>=0 &&
-                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x-1,y,z-1)+P)),x-1,y,z-1)) {
-                res(x-1,y,z-1) = npot; if (path) path(x-1,y,z-1) = (to)34;
-              }
-              if (x+1<width() &&
-                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x+1,y,z-1)+P)),x+1,y,z-1)) {
-                res(x+1,y,z-1) = npot; if (path) path(x+1,y,z-1) = (to)33;
-              }
-              if (y-1>=0 &&
-                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x,y-1,z-1)+P)),x,y-1,z-1)) {
-                res(x,y-1,z-1) = npot; if (path) path(x,y-1,z-1) = (to)40;
-              }
-              if (y+1<height() &&
-                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x,y+1,z-1)+P)),x,y+1,z-1)) {
-                res(x,y+1,z-1) = npot; if (path) path(x,y+1,z-1) = (to)36;
-              }
-              if (x-1>=0 && y-1>=0 &&
-                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt3*met(x-1,y-1,z-1)+P)),x-1,y-1,z-1)) {
-                res(x-1,y-1,z-1) = npot; if (path) path(x-1,y-1,z-1) = (to)42;
-              }
-              if (x+1<width() && y-1>=0 &&
-                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt3*met(x+1,y-1,z-1)+P)),x+1,y-1,z-1)) {
-                res(x+1,y-1,z-1) = npot; if (path) path(x+1,y-1,z-1) = (to)41;
-              }
-              if (x-1>=0 && y+1<height() &&
-                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt3*met(x-1,y+1,z-1)+P)),x-1,y+1,z-1)) {
-                res(x-1,y+1,z-1) = npot; if (path) path(x-1,y+1,z-1) = (to)38;
-              }
-              if (x+1<width() && y+1<height() &&
-                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt3*met(x+1,y+1,z-1)+P)),x+1,y+1,z-1)) {
-                res(x+1,y+1,z-1) = npot; if (path) path(x+1,y+1,z-1) = (to)37;
-              }
-            }
-
-            if (z+1<depth()) { // Diagonal neighbors on slice z+1.
-              if (x-1>=0 &&
-                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x-1,y,z+1)+P)),x-1,y,z+1)) {
-                res(x-1,y,z+1) = npot; if (path) path(x-1,y,z+1) = (to)18;
-              }
-              if (x+1<width() &&
-                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x+1,y,z+1)+P)),x+1,y,z+1)) {
-                res(x+1,y,z+1) = npot; if (path) path(x+1,y,z+1) = (to)17;
-              }
-              if (y-1>=0 &&
-                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x,y-1,z+1)+P)),x,y-1,z+1)) {
-                res(x,y-1,z+1) = npot; if (path) path(x,y-1,z+1) = (to)24;
-              }
-              if (y+1<height() &&
-                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x,y+1,z+1)+P)),x,y+1,z+1)) {
-                res(x,y+1,z+1) = npot; if (path) path(x,y+1,z+1) = (to)20;
-              }
-              if (x-1>=0 && y-1>=0 &&
-                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt3*met(x-1,y-1,z+1)+P)),x-1,y-1,z+1)) {
-                res(x-1,y-1,z+1) = npot; if (path) path(x-1,y-1,z+1) = (to)26;
-              }
-              if (x+1<width() && y-1>=0 &&
-                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt3*met(x+1,y-1,z+1)+P)),x+1,y-1,z+1)) {
-                res(x+1,y-1,z+1) = npot; if (path) path(x+1,y-1,z+1) = (to)25;
-              }
-              if (x-1>=0 && y+1<height() &&
-                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt3*met(x-1,y+1,z+1)+P)),x-1,y+1,z+1)) {
-                res(x-1,y+1,z+1) = npot; if (path) path(x-1,y+1,z+1) = (to)22;
-              }
-              if (x+1<width() && y+1<height() &&
-                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt3*met(x+1,y+1,z+1)+P)),x+1,y+1,z+1)) {
-                res(x+1,y+1,z+1) = npot; if (path) path(x+1,y+1,z+1) = (to)21;
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return result;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute distance map to a specified value, according to a custom metric (use dijkstra algorithm). \overloading.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& distance_dijkstra(const T value, const CImg<t>& metric,
-                               const bool is_high_connectivity=false) {
-      return get_distance_dijkstra(value,metric,is_high_connectivity).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute distance map to a specified value, according to a custom metric (use dijkstra algorithm). \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_distance_dijkstra(const T value, const CImg<t>& metric,
-                                       const bool is_high_connectivity=false) const {
-      CImg<T> return_path;
-      return get_distance_dijkstra(value,metric,is_high_connectivity,return_path);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute distance map to one source point, according to a custom metric (use fast marching algorithm).
-    /**
-       \param value Reference value.
-       \param metric Field of distance potentials.
-     **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& distance_eikonal(const T value, const CImg<t>& metric) {
-      return get_distance_eikonal(value,metric).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute distance map to one source point, according to a custom metric (use fast marching algorithm).
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_distance_eikonal(const T value, const CImg<t>& metric) const {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (!is_sameXYZ(metric))
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "distance_eikonal(): image instance and metric map (%u,%u,%u,%u) have "
-                                    "incompatible dimensions.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    metric._width,metric._height,metric._depth,metric._spectrum);
-      CImg<Tfloat> result(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,cimg::type<Tfloat>::max()), Q;
-      CImg<charT> state(_width,_height,_depth); // -1=far away, 0=narrow, 1=frozen.
-
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (_spectrum>=2) firstprivate(Q,state)
-#endif
-      cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-        const CImg<T> img = get_shared_channel(c);
-        const CImg<t> met = metric.get_shared_channel(c%metric._spectrum);
-        CImg<Tfloat> res = result.get_shared_channel(c);
-        unsigned int sizeQ = 0;
-        state.fill(-1);
-
-        // Detect initial seeds.
-        Tfloat *ptr1 = res._data; char *ptr2 = state._data;
-        cimg_for(img,ptr0,T) { if (*ptr0==value) { *ptr1 = 0; *ptr2 = 1; } ++ptr1; ++ptr2; }
-
-        // Initialize seeds neighbors.
-        ptr2 = state._data;
-        cimg_forXYZ(img,x,y,z) if (*(ptr2++)==1) {
-          if (x-1>=0 && state(x-1,y,z)==-1) {
-            const Tfloat dist = res(x-1,y,z) = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x-1,y,z),x-1,y,z);
-            Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x-1,y,z);
-          }
-          if (x+1<width() && state(x+1,y,z)==-1) {
-            const Tfloat dist = res(x+1,y,z) = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x+1,y,z),x+1,y,z);
-            Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x+1,y,z);
-          }
-          if (y-1>=0 && state(x,y-1,z)==-1) {
-            const Tfloat dist = res(x,y-1,z) = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x,y-1,z),x,y-1,z);
-            Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x,y-1,z);
-          }
-          if (y+1<height() && state(x,y+1,z)==-1) {
-            const Tfloat dist = res(x,y+1,z) = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x,y+1,z),x,y+1,z);
-            Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x,y+1,z);
-          }
-          if (z-1>=0 && state(x,y,z-1)==-1) {
-            const Tfloat dist = res(x,y,z-1) = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x,y,z-1),x,y,z-1);
-            Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x,y,z-1);
-          }
-          if (z+1<depth() && state(x,y,z+1)==-1) {
-            const Tfloat dist = res(x,y,z+1) = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x,y,z+1),x,y,z+1);
-            Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x,y,z+1);
-          }
-        }
-
-        // Propagate front.
-        while (sizeQ) {
-          int x = -1, y = -1, z = -1;
-          while (sizeQ && x<0) {
-            x = (int)Q(0,1); y = (int)Q(0,2); z = (int)Q(0,3);
-            Q._priority_queue_remove(sizeQ);
-            if (state(x,y,z)==1) x = -1; else state(x,y,z) = 1;
-          }
-          if (x>=0) {
-            if (x-1>=0 && state(x-1,y,z)!=1) {
-              const Tfloat dist = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x-1,y,z),x-1,y,z);
-              if (dist<res(x-1,y,z)) { res(x-1,y,z) = dist; Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x-1,y,z); }
-            }
-            if (x+1<width() && state(x+1,y,z)!=1) {
-              const Tfloat dist = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x+1,y,z),x+1,y,z);
-              if (dist<res(x+1,y,z)) { res(x+1,y,z) = dist; Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x+1,y,z); }
-            }
-            if (y-1>=0 && state(x,y-1,z)!=1) {
-              const Tfloat dist = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x,y-1,z),x,y-1,z);
-              if (dist<res(x,y-1,z)) { res(x,y-1,z) = dist; Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x,y-1,z); }
-            }
-            if (y+1<height() && state(x,y+1,z)!=1) {
-              const Tfloat dist = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x,y+1,z),x,y+1,z);
-              if (dist<res(x,y+1,z)) { res(x,y+1,z) = dist; Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x,y+1,z); }
-            }
-            if (z-1>=0 && state(x,y,z-1)!=1) {
-              const Tfloat dist = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x,y,z-1),x,y,z-1);
-              if (dist<res(x,y,z-1)) { res(x,y,z-1) = dist; Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x,y,z-1); }
-            }
-            if (z+1<depth() && state(x,y,z+1)!=1) {
-              const Tfloat dist = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x,y,z+1),x,y,z+1);
-              if (dist<res(x,y,z+1)) { res(x,y,z+1) = dist; Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x,y,z+1); }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return result;
-    }
-
-    // Locally solve eikonal equation.
-    Tfloat __distance_eikonal(const CImg<Tfloat>& res, const Tfloat P,
-                              const int x=0, const int y=0, const int z=0) const {
-      const T M = cimg::type<T>::max();
-      T T1 = cimg::min(x-1>=0?res(x-1,y,z):M,x+1<width()?res(x+1,y,z):M);
-      Tfloat root = 0;
-      if (_depth>1) { // 3d.
-        T
-          T2 = cimg::min(y-1>=0?res(x,y-1,z):M,y+1<height()?res(x,y+1,z):M),
-          T3 = cimg::min(z-1>=0?res(x,y,z-1):M,z+1<depth()?res(x,y,z+1):M);
-        if (T1>T2) cimg::swap(T1,T2);
-        if (T2>T3) cimg::swap(T2,T3);
-        if (T1>T2) cimg::swap(T1,T2);
-        if (P<=0) return (Tfloat)T1;
-        if (T3<M && ___distance_eikonal(3,-2*(T1+T2+T3),T1*T1+T2*T2+T3*T3-P*P,root)) return cimg::max((Tfloat)T3,root);
-        if (T2<M && ___distance_eikonal(2,-2*(T1+T2),T1*T1+T2*T2-P*P,root)) return cimg::max((Tfloat)T2,root);
-        return P + T1;
-      } else if (_height>1) { // 2d.
-        T T2 = cimg::min(y-1>=0?res(x,y-1,z):M,y+1<height()?res(x,y+1,z):M);
-        if (T1>T2) cimg::swap(T1,T2);
-        if (P<=0) return (Tfloat)T1;
-        if (T2<M && ___distance_eikonal(2,-2*(T1+T2),T1*T1+T2*T2-P*P,root)) return cimg::max((Tfloat)T2,root);
-        return P + T1;
-      } else { // 1d.
-        if (P<=0) return (Tfloat)T1;
-        return P + T1;
-      }
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-    // Find max root of a 2nd-order polynomial.
-    static bool ___distance_eikonal(const Tfloat a, const Tfloat b, const Tfloat c, Tfloat &root) {
-      const Tfloat delta = b*b - 4*a*c;
-      if (delta<0) return false;
-      root = 0.5f*(-b + std::sqrt(delta))/a;
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    // Insert new point in heap.
-    template<typename t>
-    void _eik_priority_queue_insert(CImg<charT>& state, unsigned int& siz, const t value,
-                                    const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z) {
-      if (state(x,y,z)>0) return;
-      state(x,y,z) = 0;
-      if (++siz>=_width) { if (!is_empty()) resize(_width*2,4,1,1,0); else assign(64,4); }
-      (*this)(siz-1,0) = (T)value; (*this)(siz-1,1) = (T)x; (*this)(siz-1,2) = (T)y; (*this)(siz-1,3) = (T)z;
-      for (unsigned int pos = siz - 1, par = 0; pos && value>(*this)(par=(pos+1)/2-1,0); pos = par) {
-        cimg::swap((*this)(pos,0),(*this)(par,0)); cimg::swap((*this)(pos,1),(*this)(par,1));
-        cimg::swap((*this)(pos,2),(*this)(par,2)); cimg::swap((*this)(pos,3),(*this)(par,3));
-      }
-    }
-
-    //! Compute distance function to 0-valued isophotes, using the Eikonal PDE.
-    /**
-       \param nb_iterations Number of PDE iterations.
-       \param band_size Size of the narrow band.
-       \param time_step Time step of the PDE iterations.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& distance_eikonal(const unsigned int nb_iterations, const float band_size=0, const float time_step=0.5f) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      CImg<Tfloat> velocity(*this);
-      for (unsigned int iteration = 0; iteration<nb_iterations; ++iteration) {
-        Tfloat *ptrd = velocity._data, veloc_max = 0;
-        if (_depth>1) { // 3d
-          CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) if (band_size<=0 || cimg::abs(Iccc)<band_size) {
-            const Tfloat
-              gx = (Incc - Ipcc)/2,
-              gy = (Icnc - Icpc)/2,
-              gz = (Iccn - Iccp)/2,
-              sgn = -cimg::sign(Iccc),
-              ix = gx*sgn>0?(Incc - Iccc):(Iccc - Ipcc),
-              iy = gy*sgn>0?(Icnc - Iccc):(Iccc - Icpc),
-              iz = gz*sgn>0?(Iccn - Iccc):(Iccc - Iccp),
-              ng = (Tfloat)(1e-5f + std::sqrt(gx*gx + gy*gy + gz*gz)),
-              ngx = gx/ng,
-              ngy = gy/ng,
-              ngz = gz/ng,
-              veloc = sgn*(ngx*ix + ngy*iy + ngz*iz - 1);
-            *(ptrd++) = veloc;
-            if (veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = veloc; else if (-veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = -veloc;
-          } else *(ptrd++) = 0;
-        } else { // 2d version
-          CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,Tfloat) if (band_size<=0 || cimg::abs(Icc)<band_size) {
-            const Tfloat
-              gx = (Inc - Ipc)/2,
-              gy = (Icn - Icp)/2,
-              sgn = -cimg::sign(Icc),
-              ix = gx*sgn>0?(Inc - Icc):(Icc - Ipc),
-              iy = gy*sgn>0?(Icn - Icc):(Icc - Icp),
-              ng = (Tfloat)(1e-5f + std::sqrt(gx*gx + gy*gy)),
-              ngx = gx/ng,
-              ngy = gy/ng,
-              veloc = sgn*(ngx*ix + ngy*iy - 1);
-            *(ptrd++) = veloc;
-            if (veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = veloc; else if (-veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = -veloc;
-          } else *(ptrd++) = 0;
-        }
-        if (veloc_max>0) *this+=(velocity*=time_step/veloc_max);
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute distance function to 0-valued isophotes, using the Eikonal PDE \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_distance_eikonal(const unsigned int nb_iterations, const float band_size=0,
-                                      const float time_step=0.5f) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).distance_eikonal(nb_iterations,band_size,time_step);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute Haar multiscale wavelet transform.
-    /**
-       \param axis Axis considered for the transform.
-       \param invert Set inverse of direct transform.
-       \param nb_scales Number of scales used for the transform.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& haar(const char axis, const bool invert=false, const unsigned int nb_scales=1) {
-      return get_haar(axis,invert,nb_scales).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute Haar multiscale wavelet transform \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_haar(const char axis, const bool invert=false, const unsigned int nb_scales=1) const {
-      if (is_empty() || !nb_scales) return +*this;
-      CImg<Tfloat> res;
-      const Tfloat sqrt2 = std::sqrt(2);
-      if (nb_scales==1) {
-        switch (cimg::uncase(axis)) { // Single scale transform
-        case 'x' : {
-          const unsigned int w = _width/2;
-          if (w) {
-            if ((w%2) && w!=1)
-              throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                          "haar(): Sub-image width %u is not even.",
-                                          cimg_instance,
-                                          w);
-
-            res.assign(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-            if (invert) cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) { // Inverse transform along X
-              for (unsigned int x = 0, xw = w, x2 = 0; x<w; ++x, ++xw) {
-                const Tfloat val0 = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z,c), val1 = (Tfloat)(*this)(xw,y,z,c);
-                res(x2++,y,z,c) = (val0 - val1)/sqrt2;
-                res(x2++,y,z,c) = (val0 + val1)/sqrt2;
-              }
-            } else cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) { // Direct transform along X
-              for (unsigned int x = 0, xw = w, x2 = 0; x<w; ++x, ++xw) {
-                const Tfloat val0 = (Tfloat)(*this)(x2++,y,z,c), val1 = (Tfloat)(*this)(x2++,y,z,c);
-                res(x,y,z,c) = (val0 + val1)/sqrt2;
-                res(xw,y,z,c) = (val1 - val0)/sqrt2;
-              }
-            }
-          } else return *this;
-        } break;
-        case 'y' : {
-          const unsigned int h = _height/2;
-          if (h) {
-            if ((h%2) && h!=1)
-              throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                          "haar(): Sub-image height %u is not even.",
-                                          cimg_instance,
-                                          h);
-
-            res.assign(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-            if (invert) cimg_forXZC(*this,x,z,c) { // Inverse transform along Y
-              for (unsigned int y = 0, yh = h, y2 = 0; y<h; ++y, ++yh) {
-                const Tfloat val0 = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z,c), val1 = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,yh,z,c);
-                res(x,y2++,z,c) = (val0 - val1)/sqrt2;
-                res(x,y2++,z,c) = (val0 + val1)/sqrt2;
-              }
-            } else cimg_forXZC(*this,x,z,c) {
-              for (unsigned int y = 0, yh = h, y2 = 0; y<h; ++y, ++yh) { // Direct transform along Y
-                const Tfloat val0 = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y2++,z,c), val1 = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y2++,z,c);
-                res(x,y,z,c)  = (val0 + val1)/sqrt2;
-                res(x,yh,z,c) = (val1 - val0)/sqrt2;
-              }
-            }
-          } else return *this;
-        } break;
-        case 'z' : {
-          const unsigned int d = _depth/2;
-          if (d) {
-            if ((d%2) && d!=1)
-              throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                          "haar(): Sub-image depth %u is not even.",
-                                          cimg_instance,
-                                          d);
-
-            res.assign(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-            if (invert) cimg_forXYC(*this,x,y,c) { // Inverse transform along Z
-              for (unsigned int z = 0, zd = d, z2 = 0; z<d; ++z, ++zd) {
-                const Tfloat val0 = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z,c), val1 = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,zd,c);
-                res(x,y,z2++,c) = (val0 - val1)/sqrt2;
-                res(x,y,z2++,c) = (val0 + val1)/sqrt2;
-              }
-            } else cimg_forXYC(*this,x,y,c) {
-              for (unsigned int z = 0, zd = d, z2 = 0; z<d; ++z, ++zd) { // Direct transform along Z
-                const Tfloat val0 = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z2++,c), val1 = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z2++,c);
-                res(x,y,z,c)  = (val0 + val1)/sqrt2;
-                res(x,y,zd,c) = (val1 - val0)/sqrt2;
-              }
-            }
-          } else return *this;
-        } break;
-        default :
-          throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                      "haar(): Invalid specified axis '%c' "
-                                      "(should be { x | y | z }).",
-                                      cimg_instance,
-                                      axis);
-        }
-      } else { // Multi-scale version
-        if (invert) {
-          res.assign(*this);
-          switch (cimg::uncase(axis)) {
-          case 'x' : {
-            unsigned int w = _width;
-            for (unsigned int s = 1; w && s<nb_scales; ++s) w/=2;
-            for (w = w?w:1; w<=_width; w*=2) res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,w-1).get_haar('x',true,1));
-          } break;
-          case 'y' : {
-            unsigned int h = _width;
-            for (unsigned int s = 1; h && s<nb_scales; ++s) h/=2;
-            for (h = h?h:1; h<=_height; h*=2) res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,_width-1,h-1).get_haar('y',true,1));
-          } break;
-          case 'z' : {
-            unsigned int d = _depth;
-            for (unsigned int s = 1; d && s<nb_scales; ++s) d/=2;
-            for (d = d?d:1; d<=_depth; d*=2)
-              res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,_width-1,_height-1,d-1).get_haar('z',true,1));
-          } break;
-          default :
-            throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                        "haar(): Invalid specified axis '%c' "
-                                        "(should be { x | y | z }).",
-                                        cimg_instance,
-                                        axis);
-          }
-        } else { // Direct transform
-          res = get_haar(axis,false,1);
-          switch (cimg::uncase(axis)) {
-          case 'x' : {
-            for (unsigned int s = 1, w = _width/2; w && s<nb_scales; ++s, w/=2)
-              res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,w-1).get_haar('x',false,1));
-          } break;
-          case 'y' : {
-            for (unsigned int s = 1, h = _height/2; h && s<nb_scales; ++s, h/=2)
-              res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,_width-1,h-1).get_haar('y',false,1));
-          } break;
-          case 'z' : {
-            for (unsigned int s = 1, d = _depth/2; d && s<nb_scales; ++s, d/=2)
-              res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,_width-1,_height-1,d-1).get_haar('z',false,1));
-          } break;
-          default :
-            throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                        "haar(): Invalid specified axis '%c' "
-                                        "(should be { x | y | z }).",
-                                        cimg_instance,
-                                        axis);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute Haar multiscale wavelet transform \overloading.
-    /**
-       \param invert Set inverse of direct transform.
-       \param nb_scales Number of scales used for the transform.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& haar(const bool invert=false, const unsigned int nb_scales=1) {
-      return get_haar(invert,nb_scales).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute Haar multiscale wavelet transform \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_haar(const bool invert=false, const unsigned int nb_scales=1) const {
-      CImg<Tfloat> res;
-      if (nb_scales==1) { // Single scale transform
-        if (_width>1) get_haar('x',invert,1).move_to(res);
-        if (_height>1) { if (res) res.haar('y',invert,1); else get_haar('y',invert,1).move_to(res); }
-        if (_depth>1) { if (res) res.haar('z',invert,1); else get_haar('z',invert,1).move_to(res); }
-        if (res) return res;
-      } else { // Multi-scale transform
-        if (invert) { // Inverse transform
-          res.assign(*this);
-          if (_width>1) {
-            if (_height>1) {
-              if (_depth>1) {
-                unsigned int w = _width, h = _height, d = _depth;
-                for (unsigned int s = 1; w && h && d && s<nb_scales; ++s) { w/=2; h/=2; d/=2; }
-                for (w = w?w:1, h = h?h:1, d = d?d:1; w<=_width && h<=_height && d<=_depth; w*=2, h*=2, d*=2)
-                  res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,w-1,h-1,d-1).get_haar(true,1));
-              } else {
-                unsigned int w = _width, h = _height;
-                for (unsigned int s = 1; w && h && s<nb_scales; ++s) { w/=2; h/=2; }
-                for (w = w?w:1, h = h?h:1; w<=_width && h<=_height; w*=2, h*=2)
-                  res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,w-1,h-1,0).get_haar(true,1));
-              }
-            } else {
-              if (_depth>1) {
-                unsigned int w = _width, d = _depth;
-                for (unsigned int s = 1; w && d && s<nb_scales; ++s) { w/=2; d/=2; }
-                for (w = w?w:1, d = d?d:1; w<=_width && d<=_depth; w*=2, d*=2)
-                  res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,w-1,0,d-1).get_haar(true,1));
-              } else {
-                unsigned int w = _width;
-                for (unsigned int s = 1; w && s<nb_scales; ++s) w/=2;
-                for (w = w?w:1; w<=_width; w*=2)
-                  res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,w-1,0,0).get_haar(true,1));
-              }
-            }
-          } else {
-            if (_height>1) {
-              if (_depth>1) {
-                unsigned int h = _height, d = _depth;
-                for (unsigned int s = 1; h && d && s<nb_scales; ++s) { h/=2; d/=2; }
-                for (h = h?h:1, d = d?d:1; h<=_height && d<=_depth; h*=2, d*=2)
-                  res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,0,h-1,d-1).get_haar(true,1));
-              } else {
-                unsigned int h = _height;
-                for (unsigned int s = 1; h && s<nb_scales; ++s) h/=2;
-                for (h = h?h:1; h<=_height; h*=2)
-                  res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,0,h-1,0).get_haar(true,1));
-              }
-            } else {
-              if (_depth>1) {
-                unsigned int d = _depth;
-                for (unsigned int s = 1; d && s<nb_scales; ++s) d/=2;
-                for (d = d?d:1; d<=_depth; d*=2)
-                  res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,0,0,d-1).get_haar(true,1));
-              } else return *this;
-            }
-          }
-        } else { // Direct transform
-          res = get_haar(false,1);
-          if (_width>1) {
-            if (_height>1) {
-              if (_depth>1)
-                for (unsigned int s = 1, w = _width/2, h = _height/2, d = _depth/2; w && h && d && s<nb_scales;
-                     ++s, w/=2, h/=2, d/=2)
-                  res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,w-1,h-1,d-1).haar(false,1));
-              else for (unsigned int s = 1, w = _width/2, h = _height/2; w && h && s<nb_scales; ++s, w/=2, h/=2)
-                     res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,w-1,h-1,0).haar(false,1));
-            } else {
-              if (_depth>1) for (unsigned int s = 1, w = _width/2, d = _depth/2; w && d && s<nb_scales; ++s, w/=2, d/=2)
-                              res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,w-1,0,d-1).haar(false,1));
-              else for (unsigned int s = 1, w = _width/2; w && s<nb_scales; ++s, w/=2)
-                     res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,w-1,0,0).haar(false,1));
-            }
-          } else {
-            if (_height>1) {
-              if (_depth>1)
-                for (unsigned int s = 1, h = _height/2, d = _depth/2; h && d && s<nb_scales; ++s, h/=2, d/=2)
-                  res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,0,h-1,d-1).haar(false,1));
-              else for (unsigned int s = 1, h = _height/2; h && s<nb_scales; ++s, h/=2)
-                     res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,0,h-1,0).haar(false,1));
-            } else {
-              if (_depth>1) for (unsigned int s = 1, d = _depth/2; d && s<nb_scales; ++s, d/=2)
-                              res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,0,0,d-1).haar(false,1));
-              else return *this;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        return res;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute 1d Fast Fourier Transform, along a specified axis.
-    /**
-       \param axis Axis along which the FFT is computed.
-       \param is_invert Tells if the forward (\c false) or inverse (\c true) FFT is computed.
-    **/
-    CImgList<Tfloat> get_FFT(const char axis, const bool is_invert=false) const {
-      CImgList<Tfloat> res(*this,CImg<Tfloat>());
-      CImg<Tfloat>::FFT(res[0],res[1],axis,is_invert);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute n-d Fast Fourier Transform.
-    /*
-      \param is_invert Tells if the forward (\c false) or inverse (\c true) FFT is computed.
-    **/
-    CImgList<Tfloat> get_FFT(const bool is_invert=false) const {
-      CImgList<Tfloat> res(*this,CImg<Tfloat>());
-      CImg<Tfloat>::FFT(res[0],res[1],is_invert);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute 1d Fast Fourier Transform, along a specified axis.
-    /**
-       \param[in,out] real Real part of the pixel values.
-       \param[in,out] imag Imaginary part of the pixel values.
-       \param axis Axis along which the FFT is computed.
-       \param is_invert Tells if the forward (\c false) or inverse (\c true) FFT is computed.
-    **/
-    static void FFT(CImg<T>& real, CImg<T>& imag, const char axis, const bool is_invert=false) {
-      if (!real)
-        throw CImgInstanceException("CImg<%s>::FFT(): Specified real part is empty.",
-                                    pixel_type());
-
-      if (!imag) imag.assign(real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum,0);
-      if (!real.is_sameXYZC(imag))
-        throw CImgInstanceException("CImg<%s>::FFT(): Specified real part (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) and "
-                                    "imaginary part (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have different dimensions.",
-                                    pixel_type(),
-                                    real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum,real._data,
-                                    imag._width,imag._height,imag._depth,imag._spectrum,imag._data);
-#ifdef cimg_use_fftw3
-      cimg::mutex(12);
-      fftw_complex *data_in;
-      fftw_plan data_plan;
-
-      switch (cimg::uncase(axis)) {
-      case 'x' : { // Fourier along X, using FFTW library.
-        data_in = (fftw_complex*)fftw_malloc(sizeof(fftw_complex)*real._width);
-        if (!data_in) throw CImgInstanceException("CImgList<%s>::FFT(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) "
-                                                  "for computing FFT of image (%u,%u,%u,%u) along the X-axis.",
-                                                  pixel_type(),
-                                                  cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(fftw_complex)*real._width),
-                                                  real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum);
-
-        data_plan = fftw_plan_dft_1d(real._width,data_in,data_in,is_invert?FFTW_BACKWARD:FFTW_FORWARD,FFTW_ESTIMATE);
-        cimg_forYZC(real,y,z,c) {
-          T *ptrr = real.data(0,y,z,c), *ptri = imag.data(0,y,z,c);
-          double *ptrd = (double*)data_in;
-          cimg_forX(real,x) { *(ptrd++) = (double)*(ptrr++); *(ptrd++) = (double)*(ptri++); }
-          fftw_execute(data_plan);
-          const unsigned int fact = real._width;
-          if (is_invert) cimg_forX(real,x) { *(--ptri) = (T)(*(--ptrd)/fact); *(--ptrr) = (T)(*(--ptrd)/fact); }
-          else cimg_forX(real,x) { *(--ptri) = (T)*(--ptrd); *(--ptrr) = (T)*(--ptrd); }
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 'y' : { // Fourier along Y, using FFTW library.
-        data_in = (fftw_complex*)fftw_malloc(sizeof(fftw_complex) * real._height);
-        if (!data_in) throw CImgInstanceException("CImgList<%s>::FFT(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) "
-                                                  "for computing FFT of image (%u,%u,%u,%u) along the Y-axis.",
-                                                  pixel_type(),
-                                                  cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(fftw_complex)*real._height),
-                                                  real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum);
-
-        data_plan = fftw_plan_dft_1d(real._height,data_in,data_in,is_invert?FFTW_BACKWARD:FFTW_FORWARD,FFTW_ESTIMATE);
-        const unsigned int off = real._width;
-        cimg_forXZC(real,x,z,c) {
-          T *ptrr = real.data(x,0,z,c), *ptri = imag.data(x,0,z,c);
-          double *ptrd = (double*)data_in;
-          cimg_forY(real,y) { *(ptrd++) = (double)*ptrr; *(ptrd++) = (double)*ptri; ptrr+=off; ptri+=off; }
-          fftw_execute(data_plan);
-          const unsigned int fact = real._height;
-          if (is_invert)
-            cimg_forY(real,y) { ptrr-=off; ptri-=off; *ptri = (T)(*(--ptrd)/fact); *ptrr = (T)(*(--ptrd)/fact); }
-          else cimg_forY(real,y) { ptrr-=off; ptri-=off; *ptri = (T)*(--ptrd); *ptrr = (T)*(--ptrd); }
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 'z' : { // Fourier along Z, using FFTW library.
-        data_in = (fftw_complex*)fftw_malloc(sizeof(fftw_complex) * real._depth);
-        if (!data_in) throw CImgInstanceException("CImgList<%s>::FFT(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) "
-                                                  "for computing FFT of image (%u,%u,%u,%u) along the Z-axis.",
-                                                  pixel_type(),
-                                                  cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(fftw_complex)*real._depth),
-                                                  real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum);
-
-        data_plan = fftw_plan_dft_1d(real._depth,data_in,data_in,is_invert?FFTW_BACKWARD:FFTW_FORWARD,FFTW_ESTIMATE);
-        const unsigned long off = (unsigned long)real._width*real._height;
-        cimg_forXYC(real,x,y,c) {
-          T *ptrr = real.data(x,y,0,c), *ptri = imag.data(x,y,0,c);
-          double *ptrd = (double*)data_in;
-          cimg_forZ(real,z) { *(ptrd++) = (double)*ptrr; *(ptrd++) = (double)*ptri; ptrr+=off; ptri+=off; }
-          fftw_execute(data_plan);
-          const unsigned int fact = real._depth;
-          if (is_invert)
-            cimg_forZ(real,z) { ptrr-=off; ptri-=off; *ptri = (T)(*(--ptrd)/fact); *ptrr = (T)(*(--ptrd)/fact); }
-          else cimg_forZ(real,z) { ptrr-=off; ptri-=off; *ptri = (T)*(--ptrd); *ptrr = (T)*(--ptrd); }
-        }
-      } break;
-      default : { // Fourier along C, using FFTW library.
-        data_in = (fftw_complex*)fftw_malloc(sizeof(fftw_complex) * real._spectrum);
-        if (!data_in) throw CImgInstanceException("CImgList<%s>::FFT(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) "
-                                                  "for computing FFT of image (%u,%u,%u,%u) along the C-axis.",
-                                                  pixel_type(),
-                                                  cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(fftw_complex)*real._spectrum),
-                                                  real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum);
-
-        data_plan = fftw_plan_dft_1d(real._spectrum,data_in,data_in,is_invert?FFTW_BACKWARD:FFTW_FORWARD,FFTW_ESTIMATE);
-        const unsigned long off = (unsigned long)real._width*real._height*real._depth;
-        cimg_forXYZ(real,x,y,z) {
-          T *ptrr = real.data(x,y,z,0), *ptri = imag.data(x,y,z,0);
-          double *ptrd = (double*)data_in;
-          cimg_forC(real,c) { *(ptrd++) = (double)*ptrr; *(ptrd++) = (double)*ptri; ptrr+=off; ptri+=off; }
-          fftw_execute(data_plan);
-          const unsigned int fact = real._spectrum;
-          if (is_invert)
-            cimg_forC(real,c) { ptrr-=off; ptri-=off; *ptri = (T)(*(--ptrd)/fact); *ptrr = (T)(*(--ptrd)/fact); }
-          else cimg_forC(real,c) { ptrr-=off; ptri-=off; *ptri = (T)*(--ptrd); *ptrr = (T)*(--ptrd); }
-        }
-      }
-      }
-      fftw_destroy_plan(data_plan);
-      fftw_free(data_in);
-      cimg::mutex(12,0);
-#else
-      switch (cimg::uncase(axis)) {
-      case 'x' : { // Fourier along X, using built-in functions.
-        const unsigned int N = real._width, N2 = (N>>1);
-        if (((N-1)&N) && N!=1)
-          throw CImgInstanceException("CImgList<%s>::FFT(): Specified real and imaginary parts (%u,%u,%u,%u) "
-                                      "have non 2^N dimension along the X-axis.",
-                                      pixel_type(),
-                                      real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum);
-
-        for (unsigned int i = 0, j = 0; i<N2; ++i) {
-          if (j>i) cimg_forYZC(real,y,z,c) {
-            cimg::swap(real(i,y,z,c),real(j,y,z,c)); cimg::swap(imag(i,y,z,c),imag(j,y,z,c));
-            if (j<N2) {
-              const unsigned int ri = N-1-i, rj = N-1-j;
-              cimg::swap(real(ri,y,z,c),real(rj,y,z,c)); cimg::swap(imag(ri,y,z,c),imag(rj,y,z,c));
-            }
-          }
-          for (unsigned int m = N, n = N2; (j+=n)>=m; j-=m, m = n, n>>=1) {}
-        }
-        for (unsigned int delta = 2; delta<=N; delta<<=1) {
-          const unsigned int delta2 = (delta>>1);
-          for (unsigned int i = 0; i<N; i+=delta) {
-            float wr = 1, wi = 0;
-            const float angle = (float)((is_invert?+1:-1)*2*cimg::PI/delta),
-                        ca = (float)std::cos(angle),
-                        sa = (float)std::sin(angle);
-            for (unsigned int k = 0; k<delta2; ++k) {
-              const unsigned int j = i + k, nj = j + delta2;
-              cimg_forYZC(real,y,z,c) {
-                T &ir = real(j,y,z,c), &ii = imag(j,y,z,c), &nir = real(nj,y,z,c), &nii = imag(nj,y,z,c);
-                const float tmpr = (float)(wr*nir - wi*nii), tmpi = (float)(wr*nii + wi*nir);
-                nir = (T)(ir - tmpr);
-                nii = (T)(ii - tmpi);
-                ir+=(T)tmpr;
-                ii+=(T)tmpi;
-              }
-              const float nwr = wr*ca-wi*sa;
-              wi = wi*ca + wr*sa;
-              wr = nwr;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        if (is_invert) { real/=N; imag/=N; }
-      } break;
-      case 'y' : { // Fourier along Y, using built-in functions.
-        const unsigned int N = real._height, N2 = (N>>1);
-        if (((N-1)&N) && N!=1)
-          throw CImgInstanceException("CImgList<%s>::FFT(): Specified real and imaginary parts (%u,%u,%u,%u) "
-                                      "have non 2^N dimension along the Y-axis.",
-                                      pixel_type(),
-                                      real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum);
-
-        for (unsigned int i = 0, j = 0; i<N2; ++i) {
-          if (j>i) cimg_forXZC(real,x,z,c) {
-            cimg::swap(real(x,i,z,c),real(x,j,z,c)); cimg::swap(imag(x,i,z,c),imag(x,j,z,c));
-            if (j<N2) {
-              const unsigned int ri = N - 1 - i, rj = N - 1 - j;
-              cimg::swap(real(x,ri,z,c),real(x,rj,z,c)); cimg::swap(imag(x,ri,z,c),imag(x,rj,z,c));
-            }
-          }
-          for (unsigned int m = N, n = N2; (j+=n)>=m; j-=m, m = n, n>>=1) {}
-        }
-        for (unsigned int delta = 2; delta<=N; delta<<=1) {
-          const unsigned int delta2 = (delta>>1);
-          for (unsigned int i = 0; i<N; i+=delta) {
-            float wr = 1, wi = 0;
-            const float angle = (float)((is_invert?+1:-1)*2*cimg::PI/delta),
-                        ca = (float)std::cos(angle), sa = (float)std::sin(angle);
-            for (unsigned int k = 0; k<delta2; ++k) {
-              const unsigned int j = i + k, nj = j + delta2;
-              cimg_forXZC(real,x,z,c) {
-                T &ir = real(x,j,z,c), &ii = imag(x,j,z,c), &nir = real(x,nj,z,c), &nii = imag(x,nj,z,c);
-                const float tmpr = (float)(wr*nir - wi*nii), tmpi = (float)(wr*nii + wi*nir);
-                nir = (T)(ir - tmpr);
-                nii = (T)(ii - tmpi);
-                ir+=(T)tmpr;
-                ii+=(T)tmpi;
-              }
-              const float nwr = wr*ca-wi*sa;
-              wi = wi*ca + wr*sa;
-              wr = nwr;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        if (is_invert) { real/=N; imag/=N; }
-      } break;
-      case 'z' : { // Fourier along Z, using built-in functions.
-        const unsigned int N = real._depth, N2 = (N>>1);
-        if (((N-1)&N) && N!=1)
-          throw CImgInstanceException("CImgList<%s>::FFT(): Specified real and imaginary parts (%u,%u,%u,%u) "
-                                      "have non 2^N dimension along the Z-axis.",
-                                      pixel_type(),
-                                      real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum);
-
-        for (unsigned int i = 0, j = 0; i<N2; ++i) {
-          if (j>i) cimg_forXYC(real,x,y,c) {
-            cimg::swap(real(x,y,i,c),real(x,y,j,c)); cimg::swap(imag(x,y,i,c),imag(x,y,j,c));
-            if (j<N2) {
-              const unsigned int ri = N - 1 - i, rj = N - 1 - j;
-              cimg::swap(real(x,y,ri,c),real(x,y,rj,c)); cimg::swap(imag(x,y,ri,c),imag(x,y,rj,c));
-            }
-          }
-          for (unsigned int m = N, n = N2; (j+=n)>=m; j-=m, m = n, n>>=1) {}
-        }
-        for (unsigned int delta = 2; delta<=N; delta<<=1) {
-          const unsigned int delta2 = (delta>>1);
-          for (unsigned int i = 0; i<N; i+=delta) {
-            float wr = 1, wi = 0;
-            const float angle = (float)((is_invert?+1:-1)*2*cimg::PI/delta),
-                        ca = (float)std::cos(angle), sa = (float)std::sin(angle);
-            for (unsigned int k = 0; k<delta2; ++k) {
-              const unsigned int j = i + k, nj = j + delta2;
-              cimg_forXYC(real,x,y,c) {
-                T &ir = real(x,y,j,c), &ii = imag(x,y,j,c), &nir = real(x,y,nj,c), &nii = imag(x,y,nj,c);
-                const float tmpr = (float)(wr*nir - wi*nii), tmpi = (float)(wr*nii + wi*nir);
-                nir = (T)(ir - tmpr);
-                nii = (T)(ii - tmpi);
-                ir+=(T)tmpr;
-                ii+=(T)tmpi;
-              }
-              const float nwr = wr*ca-wi*sa;
-              wi = wi*ca + wr*sa;
-              wr = nwr;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        if (is_invert) { real/=N; imag/=N; }
-      } break;
-      default :
-        throw CImgArgumentException("CImgList<%s>::FFT(): Invalid specified axis '%c' for real and imaginary parts "
-                                    "(%u,%u,%u,%u) "
-                                    "(should be { x | y | z }).",
-                                    pixel_type(),axis,
-                                    real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum);
-      }
-#endif
-    }
-
-    //! Compute n-d Fast Fourier Transform.
-    /**
-       \param[in,out] real Real part of the pixel values.
-       \param[in,out] imag Imaginary part of the pixel values.
-       \param is_invert Tells if the forward (\c false) or inverse (\c true) FFT is computed.
-       \param nb_threads Number of parallel threads used for the computation.
-         Use \c 0 to set this to the number of available cpus.
-    **/
-    static void FFT(CImg<T>& real, CImg<T>& imag, const bool is_invert=false, const unsigned int nb_threads=0) {
-      if (!real)
-        throw CImgInstanceException("CImgList<%s>::FFT(): Empty specified real part.",
-                                    pixel_type());
-
-      if (!imag) imag.assign(real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum,0);
-      if (!real.is_sameXYZC(imag))
-        throw CImgInstanceException("CImgList<%s>::FFT(): Specified real part (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) and "
-                                    "imaginary part (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have different dimensions.",
-                                    pixel_type(),
-                                    real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum,real._data,
-                                    imag._width,imag._height,imag._depth,imag._spectrum,imag._data);
-
-#ifdef cimg_use_fftw3
-      cimg::mutex(12);
-#ifndef cimg_use_fftw3_singlethread
-      const unsigned int _nb_threads = nb_threads?nb_threads:cimg::nb_cpus();
-      static int fftw_st = fftw_init_threads();
-      cimg::unused(fftw_st);
-      fftw_plan_with_nthreads(_nb_threads);
-#else
-      cimg::unused(nb_threads);
-#endif
-      fftw_complex *data_in = (fftw_complex*)fftw_malloc(sizeof(fftw_complex)*real._width*real._height*real._depth);
-      if (!data_in) throw CImgInstanceException("CImgList<%s>::FFT(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) "
-                                                "for computing FFT of image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
-                                                pixel_type(),
-                                                cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(fftw_complex)*real._width*
-                                                                    real._height*real._depth*real._spectrum),
-                                                real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum);
-
-      fftw_plan data_plan;
-      const unsigned long w = (unsigned long)real._width, wh = w*real._height, whd = wh*real._depth;
-      data_plan = fftw_plan_dft_3d(real._width,real._height,real._depth,data_in,data_in,
-                                   is_invert?FFTW_BACKWARD:FFTW_FORWARD,FFTW_ESTIMATE);
-      cimg_forC(real,c) {
-        T *ptrr = real.data(0,0,0,c), *ptri = imag.data(0,0,0,c);
-        double *ptrd = (double*)data_in;
-        for (unsigned int x = 0; x<real._width; ++x, ptrr-=wh-1, ptri-=wh-1)
-          for (unsigned int y = 0; y<real._height; ++y, ptrr-=whd-w, ptri-=whd-w)
-            for (unsigned int z = 0; z<real._depth; ++z, ptrr+=wh, ptri+=wh) {
-              *(ptrd++) = (double)*ptrr; *(ptrd++) = (double)*ptri;
-            }
-        fftw_execute(data_plan);
-        ptrd = (double*)data_in;
-        ptrr = real.data(0,0,0,c);
-        ptri = imag.data(0,0,0,c);
-        if (!is_invert) for (unsigned int x = 0; x<real._width; ++x, ptrr-=wh-1, ptri-=wh-1)
-          for (unsigned int y = 0; y<real._height; ++y, ptrr-=whd-w, ptri-=whd-w)
-            for (unsigned int z = 0; z<real._depth; ++z, ptrr+=wh, ptri+=wh) {
-              *ptrr = (T)*(ptrd++); *ptri = (T)*(ptrd++);
-            }
-        else for (unsigned int x = 0; x<real._width; ++x, ptrr-=wh-1, ptri-=wh-1)
-          for (unsigned int y = 0; y<real._height; ++y, ptrr-=whd-w, ptri-=whd-w)
-            for (unsigned int z = 0; z<real._depth; ++z, ptrr+=wh, ptri+=wh) {
-              *ptrr = (T)(*(ptrd++)/whd); *ptri = (T)(*(ptrd++)/whd);
-            }
-      }
-      fftw_destroy_plan(data_plan);
-      fftw_free(data_in);
-#ifndef cimg_use_fftw3_singlethread
-      fftw_cleanup_threads();
-#endif
-      cimg::mutex(12,0);
-#else
-      cimg::unused(nb_threads);
-      if (real._depth>1) FFT(real,imag,'z',is_invert);
-      if (real._height>1) FFT(real,imag,'y',is_invert);
-      if (real._width>1) FFT(real,imag,'x',is_invert);
-#endif
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //-------------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name 3d Objects Management
-    //@{
-    //-------------------------------------
-
-    //! Shift 3d object's vertices.
-    /**
-       \param tx X-coordinate of the 3d displacement vector.
-       \param ty Y-coordinate of the 3d displacement vector.
-       \param tz Z-coordinate of the 3d displacement vector.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& shift_object3d(const float tx, const float ty=0, const float tz=0) {
-      if (_height!=3 || _depth>1 || _spectrum>1)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "shift_object3d(): Instance is not a set of 3d vertices.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      get_shared_row(0)+=tx; get_shared_row(1)+=ty; get_shared_row(2)+=tz;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Shift 3d object's vertices \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_shift_object3d(const float tx, const float ty=0, const float tz=0) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).shift_object3d(tx,ty,tz);
-    }
-
-    //! Shift 3d object's vertices, so that it becomes centered.
-    /**
-       \note The object center is computed as its barycenter.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& shift_object3d() {
-      if (_height!=3 || _depth>1 || _spectrum>1)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "shift_object3d(): Instance is not a set of 3d vertices.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      CImg<T> xcoords = get_shared_row(0), ycoords = get_shared_row(1), zcoords = get_shared_row(2);
-      float
-        xm, xM = (float)xcoords.max_min(xm),
-        ym, yM = (float)ycoords.max_min(ym),
-        zm, zM = (float)zcoords.max_min(zm);
-      xcoords-=(xm + xM)/2; ycoords-=(ym + yM)/2; zcoords-=(zm + zM)/2;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Shift 3d object's vertices, so that it becomes centered \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_shift_object3d() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).shift_object3d();
-    }
-
-    //! Resize 3d object.
-    /**
-       \param sx Width of the 3d object's bounding box.
-       \param sy Height of the 3d object's bounding box.
-       \param sz Depth of the 3d object's bounding box.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& resize_object3d(const float sx, const float sy=-100, const float sz=-100) {
-      if (_height!=3 || _depth>1 || _spectrum>1)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "resize_object3d(): Instance is not a set of 3d vertices.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      CImg<T> xcoords = get_shared_row(0), ycoords = get_shared_row(1), zcoords = get_shared_row(2);
-      float
-        xm, xM = (float)xcoords.max_min(xm),
-        ym, yM = (float)ycoords.max_min(ym),
-        zm, zM = (float)zcoords.max_min(zm);
-      if (xm<xM) { if (sx>0) xcoords*=sx/(xM-xm); else xcoords*=-sx/100; }
-      if (ym<yM) { if (sy>0) ycoords*=sy/(yM-ym); else ycoords*=-sy/100; }
-      if (zm<zM) { if (sz>0) zcoords*=sz/(zM-zm); else zcoords*=-sz/100; }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Resize 3d object \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_resize_object3d(const float sx, const float sy=-100, const float sz=-100) const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).resize_object3d(sx,sy,sz);
-    }
-
-    //! Resize 3d object to unit size.
-    CImg<T> resize_object3d() {
-      if (_height!=3 || _depth>1 || _spectrum>1)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "resize_object3d(): Instance is not a set of 3d vertices.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      CImg<T> xcoords = get_shared_row(0), ycoords = get_shared_row(1), zcoords = get_shared_row(2);
-      float
-        xm, xM = (float)xcoords.max_min(xm),
-        ym, yM = (float)ycoords.max_min(ym),
-        zm, zM = (float)zcoords.max_min(zm);
-      const float dx = xM - xm, dy = yM - ym, dz = zM - zm, dmax = cimg::max(dx,dy,dz);
-      if (dmax>0) { xcoords/=dmax; ycoords/=dmax; zcoords/=dmax; }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Resize 3d object to unit size \newinstance.
-    CImg<Tfloat> get_resize_object3d() const {
-      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).resize_object3d();
-    }
-
-    //! Merge two 3d objects together.
-    /**
-       \param[in,out] primitives Primitives data of the current 3d object.
-       \param obj_vertices Vertices data of the additional 3d object.
-       \param obj_primitives Primitives data of the additional 3d object.
-    **/
-    template<typename tf, typename tp, typename tff>
-    CImg<T>& append_object3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives, const CImg<tp>& obj_vertices,
-                             const CImgList<tff>& obj_primitives) {
-      if (!obj_vertices || !obj_primitives) return *this;
-      if (obj_vertices._height!=3 || obj_vertices._depth>1 || obj_vertices._spectrum>1)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "append_object3d(): Specified vertice image (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) is not a "
-                                    "set of 3d vertices.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    obj_vertices._width,obj_vertices._height,
-                                    obj_vertices._depth,obj_vertices._spectrum,obj_vertices._data);
-
-      if (is_empty()) { primitives.assign(obj_primitives); return assign(obj_vertices); }
-      if (_height!=3 || _depth>1 || _spectrum>1)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "append_object3d(): Instance is not a set of 3d vertices.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      const unsigned int P = _width;
-      append(obj_vertices,'x');
-      const unsigned int N = primitives._width;
-      primitives.insert(obj_primitives);
-      for (unsigned int i = N; i<primitives._width; ++i) {
-        CImg<tf> &p = primitives[i];
-        switch (p.size()) {
-        case 1 : p[0]+=P; break; // Point.
-        case 5 : p[0]+=P; p[1]+=P; break; // Sphere.
-        case 2 : case 6 : p[0]+=P; p[1]+=P; break; // Segment.
-        case 3 : case 9 : p[0]+=P; p[1]+=P; p[2]+=P; break; // Triangle.
-        case 4 : case 12 : p[0]+=P; p[1]+=P; p[2]+=P; p[3]+=P; break; // Rectangle.
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Texturize primitives of a 3d object.
-    /**
-       \param[in,out] primitives Primitives data of the 3d object.
-       \param[in,out] colors Colors data of the 3d object.
-       \param texture Texture image to map to 3d object.
-       \param coords Texture-mapping coordinates.
-    **/
-    template<typename tp, typename tc, typename tt, typename tx>
-    const CImg<T>& texturize_object3d(CImgList<tp>& primitives, CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                                      const CImg<tt>& texture, const CImg<tx>& coords=CImg<tx>::empty()) const {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (_height!=3)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "texturize_object3d(): image instance is not a set of 3d points.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (coords && (coords._width!=_width || coords._height!=2))
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "texturize_object3d(): Invalid specified texture coordinates (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    coords._width,coords._height,coords._depth,coords._spectrum,coords._data);
-      CImg<unsigned int> _coords;
-      if (!coords) { // If no texture coordinates specified, do a default XY-projection.
-        _coords.assign(_width,2);
-        float
-          xmin, xmax = (float)get_shared_row(0).max_min(xmin),
-          ymin, ymax = (float)get_shared_row(1).max_min(ymin),
-          dx = xmax>xmin?xmax-xmin:1,
-          dy = ymax>ymin?ymax-ymin:1;
-        cimg_forX(*this,p) {
-          _coords(p,0) = (unsigned int)(((*this)(p,0)-xmin)*(texture._width-1)/dx);
-          _coords(p,1) = (unsigned int)(((*this)(p,1)-ymin)*(texture._height-1)/dy);
-        }
-      } else _coords = coords;
-
-      int texture_ind = -1;
-      cimglist_for(primitives,l) {
-        CImg<tp> &p = primitives[l];
-        const unsigned int siz = p.size();
-        switch (siz) {
-        case 1 : { // Point.
-          const unsigned int
-            i0 = (unsigned int)p[0],
-            x0 = (unsigned int)_coords(i0,0), y0 = (unsigned int)_coords(i0,1);
-          texture.get_vector_at(x0,y0).move_to(colors[l]);
-        } break;
-        case 2 : case 6 : { // Line.
-          const unsigned int
-            i0 = (unsigned int)p[0], i1 = (unsigned int)p[1],
-            x0 = (unsigned int)_coords(i0,0), y0 = (unsigned int)_coords(i0,1),
-            x1 = (unsigned int)_coords(i1,0), y1 = (unsigned int)_coords(i1,1);
-          if (texture_ind<0) colors[texture_ind=l] = texture; else colors[l].assign(colors[texture_ind],true);
-          CImg<tp>::vector(i0,i1,x0,y0,x1,y1).move_to(p);
-        } break;
-        case 3 : case 9 : { // Triangle.
-          const unsigned int
-            i0 = (unsigned int)p[0], i1 = (unsigned int)p[1], i2 = (unsigned int)p[2],
-            x0 = (unsigned int)_coords(i0,0), y0 = (unsigned int)_coords(i0,1),
-            x1 = (unsigned int)_coords(i1,0), y1 = (unsigned int)_coords(i1,1),
-            x2 = (unsigned int)_coords(i2,0), y2 = (unsigned int)_coords(i2,1);
-          if (texture_ind<0) colors[texture_ind=l] = texture; else colors[l].assign(colors[texture_ind],true);
-          CImg<tp>::vector(i0,i1,i2,x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2).move_to(p);
-        } break;
-        case 4 : case 12 : { // Quadrangle.
-          const unsigned int
-            i0 = (unsigned int)p[0], i1 = (unsigned int)p[1], i2 = (unsigned int)p[2], i3 = (unsigned int)p[3],
-            x0 = (unsigned int)_coords(i0,0), y0 = (unsigned int)_coords(i0,1),
-            x1 = (unsigned int)_coords(i1,0), y1 = (unsigned int)_coords(i1,1),
-            x2 = (unsigned int)_coords(i2,0), y2 = (unsigned int)_coords(i2,1),
-            x3 = (unsigned int)_coords(i3,0), y3 = (unsigned int)_coords(i3,1);
-          if (texture_ind<0) colors[texture_ind=l] = texture; else colors[l].assign(colors[texture_ind],true);
-          CImg<tp>::vector(i0,i1,i2,i3,x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3).move_to(p);
-        } break;
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Generate a 3d elevation of the image instance.
-    /**
-       \param[out] primitives The returned list of the 3d object primitives
-                              (template type \e tf should be at least \e unsigned \e int).
-       \param[out] colors The returned list of the 3d object colors.
-       \param elevation The input elevation map.
-       \return The N vertices (xi,yi,zi) of the 3d object as a Nx3 CImg<float> image (0<=i<=N-1).
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg");
-       CImgList<unsigned int> faces3d;
-       CImgList<unsigned char> colors3d;
-       const CImg<float> points3d = img.get_elevation3d(faces3d,colors3d,img.get_norm()*0.2);
-       CImg<unsigned char>().display_object3d("Elevation3d",points3d,faces3d,colors3d);
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_elevation3d.jpg
-    **/
-    template<typename tf, typename tc, typename te>
-    CImg<floatT> get_elevation3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives, CImgList<tc>& colors, const CImg<te>& elevation) const {
-      if (!is_sameXY(elevation) || elevation._depth>1 || elevation._spectrum>1)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "get_elevation3d(): Instance and specified elevation (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) "
-                                    "have incompatible dimensions.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    elevation._width,elevation._height,elevation._depth,
-                                    elevation._spectrum,elevation._data);
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      float m, M = (float)max_min(m);
-      if (M==m) ++M;
-      colors.assign();
-      const unsigned int size_x1 = _width - 1, size_y1 = _height - 1;
-      for (unsigned int y = 0; y<size_y1; ++y)
-        for (unsigned int x = 0; x<size_x1; ++x) {
-          const unsigned char
-            r = (unsigned char)(((*this)(x,y,0) - m)*255/(M-m)),
-            g = _spectrum>1?(unsigned char)(((*this)(x,y,1) - m)*255/(M-m)):r,
-            b = _spectrum>2?(unsigned char)(((*this)(x,y,2) - m)*255/(M-m)):(_spectrum>1?0:r);
-          CImg<tc>::vector((tc)r,(tc)g,(tc)b).move_to(colors);
-        }
-      const typename CImg<te>::_functor2d_int func(elevation);
-      return elevation3d(primitives,func,0,0,_width-1.0f,_height-1.0f,_width,_height);
-    }
-
-    //! Generate the 3d projection planes of the image instance.
-    /**
-       \param[out] primitives Primitives data of the returned 3d object.
-       \param[out] colors Colors data of the returned 3d object.
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the projection point.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the projection point.
-       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the projection point.
-       \param normalize_colors Tells if the created textures have normalized colors.
-    **/
-    template<typename tf, typename tc>
-    CImg<floatT> get_projections3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives, CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                                   const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0, const unsigned int z0,
-                                   const bool normalize_colors=false) const {
-      float m = 0, M = 0, delta = 1;
-      if (normalize_colors) { m = (float)min_max(M); delta = 255/(m==M?1:M-m); }
-      const unsigned int
-        _x0 = (x0>=_width)?_width - 1:x0,
-        _y0 = (y0>=_height)?_height - 1:y0,
-        _z0 = (z0>=_depth)?_depth - 1:z0;
-      CImg<tc> img_xy, img_xz, img_yz;
-      if (normalize_colors) {
-        ((get_crop(0,0,_z0,0,_width-1,_height-1,_z0,_spectrum-1)-=m)*=delta).move_to(img_xy);
-        ((get_crop(0,_y0,0,0,_width-1,_y0,_depth-1,_spectrum-1)-=m)*=delta).resize(_width,_depth,1,-100,-1).
-          move_to(img_xz);
-        ((get_crop(_x0,0,0,0,_x0,_height-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1)-=m)*=delta).resize(_height,_depth,1,-100,-1).
-          move_to(img_yz);
-      } else {
-        get_crop(0,0,_z0,0,_width-1,_height-1,_z0,_spectrum-1).move_to(img_xy);
-        get_crop(0,_y0,0,0,_width-1,_y0,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).resize(_width,_depth,1,-100,-1).move_to(img_xz);
-        get_crop(_x0,0,0,0,_x0,_height-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).resize(_height,_depth,1,-100,-1).move_to(img_yz);
-      }
-      CImg<floatT> points(12,3,1,1,
-                          0,_width-1,_width-1,0,   0,_width-1,_width-1,0, _x0,_x0,_x0,_x0,
-                          0,0,_height-1,_height-1, _y0,_y0,_y0,_y0,       0,_height-1,_height-1,0,
-                          _z0,_z0,_z0,_z0,         0,0,_depth-1,_depth-1, 0,0,_depth-1,_depth-1);
-      primitives.assign();
-      CImg<tf>::vector(0,1,2,3,0,0,img_xy._width-1,0,img_xy._width-1,img_xy._height-1,0,img_xy._height-1).
-        move_to(primitives);
-      CImg<tf>::vector(4,5,6,7,0,0,img_xz._width-1,0,img_xz._width-1,img_xz._height-1,0,img_xz._height-1).
-        move_to(primitives);
-      CImg<tf>::vector(8,9,10,11,0,0,img_yz._width-1,0,img_yz._width-1,img_yz._height-1,0,img_yz._height-1).
-        move_to(primitives);
-      colors.assign();
-      img_xy.move_to(colors);
-      img_xz.move_to(colors);
-      img_yz.move_to(colors);
-      return points;
-    }
-
-    //! Generate a isoline of the image instance as a 3d object.
-    /**
-       \param[out] primitives The returned list of the 3d object primitives
-                              (template type \e tf should be at least \e unsigned \e int).
-       \param isovalue The returned list of the 3d object colors.
-       \param size_x The number of subdivisions along the X-axis.
-       \param size_y The number of subdisivions along the Y-axis.
-       \return The N vertices (xi,yi,zi) of the 3d object as a Nx3 CImg<float> image (0<=i<=N-1).
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg");
-       CImgList<unsigned int> faces3d;
-       const CImg<float> points3d = img.get_isoline3d(faces3d,100);
-       CImg<unsigned char>().display_object3d("Isoline3d",points3d,faces3d,colors3d);
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_isoline3d.jpg
-    **/
-    template<typename tf>
-    CImg<floatT> get_isoline3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives, const float isovalue,
-                               const int size_x=-100, const int size_y=-100) const {
-      if (_spectrum>1)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "get_isoline3d(): Instance is not a scalar image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (_depth>1)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "get_isoline3d(): Instance is not a 2d image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      primitives.assign();
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      CImg<floatT> vertices;
-      if ((size_x==-100 && size_y==-100) || (size_x==width() && size_y==height())) {
-        const _functor2d_int func(*this);
-        vertices = isoline3d(primitives,func,isovalue,0,0,width()-1.0f,height()-1.0f,width(),height());
-      } else {
-        const _functor2d_float func(*this);
-        vertices = isoline3d(primitives,func,isovalue,0,0,width()-1.0f,height()-1.0f,size_x,size_y);
-      }
-      return vertices;
-    }
-
-    //! Generate an isosurface of the image instance as a 3d object.
-    /**
-       \param[out] primitives The returned list of the 3d object primitives
-                              (template type \e tf should be at least \e unsigned \e int).
-       \param isovalue The returned list of the 3d object colors.
-       \param size_x Number of subdivisions along the X-axis.
-       \param size_y Number of subdisivions along the Y-axis.
-       \param size_z Number of subdisivions along the Z-axis.
-       \return The N vertices (xi,yi,zi) of the 3d object as a Nx3 CImg<float> image (0<=i<=N-1).
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       const CImg<float> img = CImg<unsigned char>("reference.jpg").resize(-100,-100,20);
-       CImgList<unsigned int> faces3d;
-       const CImg<float> points3d = img.get_isosurface3d(faces3d,100);
-       CImg<unsigned char>().display_object3d("Isosurface3d",points3d,faces3d,colors3d);
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_isosurface3d.jpg
-    **/
-    template<typename tf>
-    CImg<floatT> get_isosurface3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives, const float isovalue,
-                                  const int size_x=-100, const int size_y=-100, const int size_z=-100) const {
-      if (_spectrum>1)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "get_isosurface3d(): Instance is not a scalar image.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      primitives.assign();
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      CImg<floatT> vertices;
-      if ((size_x==-100 && size_y==-100 && size_z==-100) || (size_x==width() && size_y==height() && size_z==depth())) {
-        const _functor3d_int func(*this);
-        vertices = isosurface3d(primitives,func,isovalue,0,0,0,width()-1.0f,height()-1.0f,depth()-1.0f,
-                                width(),height(),depth());
-      } else {
-        const _functor3d_float func(*this);
-        vertices = isosurface3d(primitives,func,isovalue,0,0,0,width()-1.0f,height()-1.0f,depth()-1.0f,
-                                size_x,size_y,size_z);
-      }
-      return vertices;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute 3d elevation of a function as a 3d object.
-    /**
-       \param[out] primitives Primitives data of the resulting 3d object.
-       \param func Elevation function. Is of type <tt>float (*func)(const float x,const float y)</tt>.
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting point.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting point.
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending point.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending point.
-       \param size_x Resolution of the function along the X-axis.
-       \param size_y Resolution of the function along the Y-axis.
-    **/
-    template<typename tf, typename tfunc>
-    static CImg<floatT> elevation3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives, const tfunc& func,
-                                    const float x0, const float y0, const float x1, const float y1,
-                                    const int size_x=256, const int size_y=256) {
-      const float
-        nx0 = x0<x1?x0:x1, ny0 = y0<y1?y0:y1,
-        nx1 = x0<x1?x1:x0, ny1 = y0<y1?y1:y0;
-      const unsigned int
-        _nsize_x = (unsigned int)(size_x>=0?size_x:(nx1-nx0)*-size_x/100),
-        nsize_x = _nsize_x?_nsize_x:1, nsize_x1 = nsize_x - 1,
-        _nsize_y = (unsigned int)(size_y>=0?size_y:(ny1-ny0)*-size_y/100),
-        nsize_y = _nsize_y?_nsize_y:1, nsize_y1 = nsize_y - 1;
-      if (nsize_x<2 || nsize_y<2)
-        throw CImgArgumentException("CImg<%s>::elevation3d(): Invalid specified size (%d,%d).",
-                                    pixel_type(),
-                                    nsize_x,nsize_y);
-
-      CImg<floatT> vertices(nsize_x*nsize_y,3);
-      floatT *ptr_x = vertices.data(0,0), *ptr_y = vertices.data(0,1), *ptr_z = vertices.data(0,2);
-      for (unsigned int y = 0; y<nsize_y; ++y) {
-        const float Y = ny0 + y*(ny1-ny0)/nsize_y1;
-        for (unsigned int x = 0; x<nsize_x; ++x) {
-          const float X = nx0 + x*(nx1-nx0)/nsize_x1;
-          *(ptr_x++) = (float)x;
-          *(ptr_y++) = (float)y;
-          *(ptr_z++) = (float)func(X,Y);
-        }
-      }
-      primitives.assign(nsize_x1*nsize_y1,1,4);
-      for (unsigned int p = 0, y = 0; y<nsize_y1; ++y) {
-        const unsigned int yw = y*nsize_x;
-        for (unsigned int x = 0; x<nsize_x1; ++x) {
-          const unsigned int xpyw = x + yw, xpyww = xpyw + nsize_x;
-          primitives[p++].fill(xpyw,xpyww,xpyww+1,xpyw+1);
-        }
-      }
-      return vertices;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute 3d elevation of a function, as a 3d object \overloading.
-    template<typename tf>
-    static CImg<floatT> elevation3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives, const char *const expression,
-                                    const float x0, const float y0, const float x1, const float y1,
-                                    const int size_x=256, const int size_y=256) {
-      const _functor2d_expr func(expression);
-      return elevation3d(primitives,func,x0,y0,x1,y1,size_x,size_y);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute 0-isolines of a function, as a 3d object.
-    /**
-       \param[out] primitives Primitives data of the resulting 3d object.
-       \param func Elevation function. Is of type <tt>float (*func)(const float x,const float y)</tt>.
-       \param isovalue Isovalue to extract from function.
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting point.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting point.
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending point.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending point.
-       \param size_x Resolution of the function along the X-axis.
-       \param size_y Resolution of the function along the Y-axis.
-       \note Use the marching squares algorithm for extracting the isolines.
-     **/
-    template<typename tf, typename tfunc>
-    static CImg<floatT> isoline3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives, const tfunc& func, const float isovalue,
-                                  const float x0, const float y0, const float x1, const float y1,
-                                  const int size_x=256, const int size_y=256) {
-      static const unsigned int edges[16] = { 0x0, 0x9, 0x3, 0xa, 0x6, 0xf, 0x5, 0xc, 0xc,
-                                              0x5, 0xf, 0x6, 0xa, 0x3, 0x9, 0x0 };
-      static const int segments[16][4] = { { -1,-1,-1,-1 }, { 0,3,-1,-1 }, { 0,1,-1,-1 }, { 1,3,-1,-1 },
-                                           { 1,2,-1,-1 },   { 0,1,2,3 },   { 0,2,-1,-1 }, { 2,3,-1,-1 },
-                                           { 2,3,-1,-1 },   { 0,2,-1,-1},  { 0,3,1,2 },   { 1,2,-1,-1 },
-                                           { 1,3,-1,-1 },   { 0,1,-1,-1},  { 0,3,-1,-1},  { -1,-1,-1,-1 } };
-      const unsigned int
-        _nx = (unsigned int)(size_x>=0?size_x:cimg::round((x1-x0)*-size_x/100 + 1)),
-        _ny = (unsigned int)(size_y>=0?size_y:cimg::round((y1-y0)*-size_y/100 + 1)),
-        nx = _nx?_nx:1,
-        ny = _ny?_ny:1,
-        nxm1 = nx - 1,
-        nym1 = ny - 1;
-      primitives.assign();
-      if (!nxm1 || !nym1) return CImg<floatT>();
-      const float dx = (x1 - x0)/nxm1, dy = (y1 - y0)/nym1;
-      CImgList<floatT> vertices;
-      CImg<intT> indices1(nx,1,1,2,-1), indices2(nx,1,1,2);
-      CImg<floatT> values1(nx), values2(nx);
-      float X = x0, Y = y0, nX = X + dx, nY = Y + dy;
-
-      // Fill first line with values
-      cimg_forX(values1,x) { values1(x) = (float)func(X,Y); X+=dx; }
-
-      // Run the marching squares algorithm
-      for (unsigned int yi = 0, nyi = 1; yi<nym1; ++yi, ++nyi, Y=nY, nY+=dy) {
-        X = x0; nX = X + dx;
-        indices2.fill(-1);
-        for (unsigned int xi = 0, nxi = 1; xi<nxm1; ++xi, ++nxi, X=nX, nX+=dx) {
-
-          // Determine square configuration
-          const float
-            val0 = values1(xi),
-            val1 = values1(nxi),
-            val2 = values2(nxi) = (float)func(nX,nY),
-            val3 = values2(xi) = (float)func(X,nY);
-          const unsigned int
-            configuration = (val0<isovalue?1:0)  | (val1<isovalue?2:0)  | (val2<isovalue?4:0)  | (val3<isovalue?8:0),
-            edge = edges[configuration];
-
-          // Compute intersection vertices
-          if (edge) {
-            if ((edge&1) && indices1(xi,0)<0) {
-              const float Xi = X + (isovalue-val0)*dx/(val1-val0);
-              indices1(xi,0) = vertices._width;
-              CImg<floatT>::vector(Xi,Y,0).move_to(vertices);
-            }
-            if ((edge&2) && indices1(nxi,1)<0) {
-              const float Yi = Y + (isovalue-val1)*dy/(val2-val1);
-              indices1(nxi,1) = vertices._width;
-              CImg<floatT>::vector(nX,Yi,0).move_to(vertices);
-            }
-            if ((edge&4) && indices2(xi,0)<0) {
-              const float Xi = X + (isovalue-val3)*dx/(val2-val3);
-              indices2(xi,0) = vertices._width;
-              CImg<floatT>::vector(Xi,nY,0).move_to(vertices);
-            }
-            if ((edge&8) && indices1(xi,1)<0) {
-              const float Yi = Y + (isovalue-val0)*dy/(val3-val0);
-              indices1(xi,1) = vertices._width;
-              CImg<floatT>::vector(X,Yi,0).move_to(vertices);
-            }
-
-            // Create segments
-            for (const int *segment = segments[configuration]; *segment!=-1; ) {
-              const unsigned int p0 = *(segment++), p1 = *(segment++);
-              const tf
-                i0 = (tf)(_isoline3d_indice(p0,indices1,indices2,xi,nxi)),
-                i1 = (tf)(_isoline3d_indice(p1,indices1,indices2,xi,nxi));
-              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i1).move_to(primitives);
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        values1.swap(values2);
-        indices1.swap(indices2);
-      }
-      return vertices>'x';
-    }
-
-    //! Compute isolines of a function, as a 3d object \overloading.
-    template<typename tf>
-    static CImg<floatT> isoline3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives, const char *const expression, const float isovalue,
-                                  const float x0, const float y0, const float x1, const float y1,
-                                  const int size_x=256, const int size_y=256) {
-      const _functor2d_expr func(expression);
-      return isoline3d(primitives,func,isovalue,x0,y0,x1,y1,size_x,size_y);
-    }
-
-    template<typename t>
-    static int _isoline3d_indice(const unsigned int edge, const CImg<t>& indices1, const CImg<t>& indices2,
-                                 const unsigned int x, const unsigned int nx) {
-      switch (edge) {
-      case 0 : return (int)indices1(x,0);
-      case 1 : return (int)indices1(nx,1);
-      case 2 : return (int)indices2(x,0);
-      case 3 : return (int)indices1(x,1);
-      }
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute isosurface of a function, as a 3d object.
-    /**
-       \param[out] primitives Primitives data of the resulting 3d object.
-       \param func Implicit function. Is of type <tt>float (*func)(const float x, const float y, const float z)</tt>.
-       \param isovalue Isovalue to extract.
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting point.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting point.
-       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the starting point.
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending point.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending point.
-       \param z1 Z-coordinate of the ending point.
-       \param size_x Resolution of the elevation function along the X-axis.
-       \param size_y Resolution of the elevation function along the Y-axis.
-       \param size_z Resolution of the elevation function along the Z-axis.
-       \note Use the marching cubes algorithm for extracting the isosurface.
-     **/
-    template<typename tf, typename tfunc>
-    static CImg<floatT> isosurface3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives, const tfunc& func, const float isovalue,
-                                     const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
-                                     const float x1, const float y1, const float z1,
-                                     const int size_x=32, const int size_y=32, const int size_z=32) {
-      static const unsigned int edges[256] = {
-        0x000, 0x109, 0x203, 0x30a, 0x406, 0x50f, 0x605, 0x70c, 0x80c, 0x905, 0xa0f, 0xb06, 0xc0a, 0xd03, 0xe09, 0xf00,
-        0x190, 0x99 , 0x393, 0x29a, 0x596, 0x49f, 0x795, 0x69c, 0x99c, 0x895, 0xb9f, 0xa96, 0xd9a, 0xc93, 0xf99, 0xe90,
-        0x230, 0x339, 0x33 , 0x13a, 0x636, 0x73f, 0x435, 0x53c, 0xa3c, 0xb35, 0x83f, 0x936, 0xe3a, 0xf33, 0xc39, 0xd30,
-        0x3a0, 0x2a9, 0x1a3, 0xaa , 0x7a6, 0x6af, 0x5a5, 0x4ac, 0xbac, 0xaa5, 0x9af, 0x8a6, 0xfaa, 0xea3, 0xda9, 0xca0,
-        0x460, 0x569, 0x663, 0x76a, 0x66 , 0x16f, 0x265, 0x36c, 0xc6c, 0xd65, 0xe6f, 0xf66, 0x86a, 0x963, 0xa69, 0xb60,
-        0x5f0, 0x4f9, 0x7f3, 0x6fa, 0x1f6, 0xff , 0x3f5, 0x2fc, 0xdfc, 0xcf5, 0xfff, 0xef6, 0x9fa, 0x8f3, 0xbf9, 0xaf0,
-        0x650, 0x759, 0x453, 0x55a, 0x256, 0x35f, 0x55 , 0x15c, 0xe5c, 0xf55, 0xc5f, 0xd56, 0xa5a, 0xb53, 0x859, 0x950,
-        0x7c0, 0x6c9, 0x5c3, 0x4ca, 0x3c6, 0x2cf, 0x1c5, 0xcc , 0xfcc, 0xec5, 0xdcf, 0xcc6, 0xbca, 0xac3, 0x9c9, 0x8c0,
-        0x8c0, 0x9c9, 0xac3, 0xbca, 0xcc6, 0xdcf, 0xec5, 0xfcc, 0xcc , 0x1c5, 0x2cf, 0x3c6, 0x4ca, 0x5c3, 0x6c9, 0x7c0,
-        0x950, 0x859, 0xb53, 0xa5a, 0xd56, 0xc5f, 0xf55, 0xe5c, 0x15c, 0x55 , 0x35f, 0x256, 0x55a, 0x453, 0x759, 0x650,
-        0xaf0, 0xbf9, 0x8f3, 0x9fa, 0xef6, 0xfff, 0xcf5, 0xdfc, 0x2fc, 0x3f5, 0xff , 0x1f6, 0x6fa, 0x7f3, 0x4f9, 0x5f0,
-        0xb60, 0xa69, 0x963, 0x86a, 0xf66, 0xe6f, 0xd65, 0xc6c, 0x36c, 0x265, 0x16f, 0x66 , 0x76a, 0x663, 0x569, 0x460,
-        0xca0, 0xda9, 0xea3, 0xfaa, 0x8a6, 0x9af, 0xaa5, 0xbac, 0x4ac, 0x5a5, 0x6af, 0x7a6, 0xaa , 0x1a3, 0x2a9, 0x3a0,
-        0xd30, 0xc39, 0xf33, 0xe3a, 0x936, 0x83f, 0xb35, 0xa3c, 0x53c, 0x435, 0x73f, 0x636, 0x13a, 0x33 , 0x339, 0x230,
-        0xe90, 0xf99, 0xc93, 0xd9a, 0xa96, 0xb9f, 0x895, 0x99c, 0x69c, 0x795, 0x49f, 0x596, 0x29a, 0x393, 0x99 , 0x190,
-        0xf00, 0xe09, 0xd03, 0xc0a, 0xb06, 0xa0f, 0x905, 0x80c, 0x70c, 0x605, 0x50f, 0x406, 0x30a, 0x203, 0x109, 0x000
-      };
-
-      static const int triangles[256][16] = {
-        { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 8, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 1, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 8, 3, 9, 8, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 2, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 8, 3, 1, 2, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 2, 10, 0, 2, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 2, 8, 3, 2, 10, 8, 10, 9, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 3, 11, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 11, 2, 8, 11, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 9, 0, 2, 3, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 11, 2, 1, 9, 11, 9, 8, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 3, 10, 1, 11, 10, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 10, 1, 0, 8, 10, 8, 11, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 3, 9, 0, 3, 11, 9, 11, 10, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 8, 10, 10, 8, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 4, 7, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 4, 3, 0, 7, 3, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 1, 9, 8, 4, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 4, 1, 9, 4, 7, 1, 7, 3, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 2, 10, 8, 4, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 3, 4, 7, 3, 0, 4, 1, 2, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 2, 10, 9, 0, 2, 8, 4, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 2, 10, 9, 2, 9, 7, 2, 7, 3, 7, 9, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 8, 4, 7, 3, 11, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 11, 4, 7, 11, 2, 4, 2, 0, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 0, 1, 8, 4, 7, 2, 3, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 4, 7, 11, 9, 4, 11, 9, 11, 2, 9, 2, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 3, 10, 1, 3, 11, 10, 7, 8, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 11, 10, 1, 4, 11, 1, 0, 4, 7, 11, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 4, 7, 8, 9, 0, 11, 9, 11, 10, 11, 0, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 4, 7, 11, 4, 11, 9, 9, 11, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 5, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 5, 4, 0, 8, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 5, 4, 1, 5, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 8, 5, 4, 8, 3, 5, 3, 1, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 2, 10, 9, 5, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 3, 0, 8, 1, 2, 10, 4, 9, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 5, 2, 10, 5, 4, 2, 4, 0, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 2, 10, 5, 3, 2, 5, 3, 5, 4, 3, 4, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 5, 4, 2, 3, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 11, 2, 0, 8, 11, 4, 9, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 5, 4, 0, 1, 5, 2, 3, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 2, 1, 5, 2, 5, 8, 2, 8, 11, 4, 8, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 10, 3, 11, 10, 1, 3, 9, 5, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 4, 9, 5, 0, 8, 1, 8, 10, 1, 8, 11, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 5, 4, 0, 5, 0, 11, 5, 11, 10, 11, 0, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 5, 4, 8, 5, 8, 10, 10, 8, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 7, 8, 5, 7, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 3, 0, 9, 5, 3, 5, 7, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 7, 8, 0, 1, 7, 1, 5, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 5, 3, 3, 5, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 7, 8, 9, 5, 7, 10, 1, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 10, 1, 2, 9, 5, 0, 5, 3, 0, 5, 7, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 8, 0, 2, 8, 2, 5, 8, 5, 7, 10, 5, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 2, 10, 5, 2, 5, 3, 3, 5, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 7, 9, 5, 7, 8, 9, 3, 11, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 5, 7, 9, 7, 2, 9, 2, 0, 2, 7, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 2, 3, 11, 0, 1, 8, 1, 7, 8, 1, 5, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 11, 2, 1, 11, 1, 7, 7, 1, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 5, 8, 8, 5, 7, 10, 1, 3, 10, 3, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 5, 7, 0, 5, 0, 9, 7, 11, 0, 1, 0, 10, 11, 10, 0, -1 },
-        { 11, 10, 0, 11, 0, 3, 10, 5, 0, 8, 0, 7, 5, 7, 0, -1 },
-        { 11, 10, 5, 7, 11, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 10, 6, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 8, 3, 5, 10, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 0, 1, 5, 10, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 8, 3, 1, 9, 8, 5, 10, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 6, 5, 2, 6, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 6, 5, 1, 2, 6, 3, 0, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 6, 5, 9, 0, 6, 0, 2, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 5, 9, 8, 5, 8, 2, 5, 2, 6, 3, 2, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 2, 3, 11, 10, 6, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 11, 0, 8, 11, 2, 0, 10, 6, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 1, 9, 2, 3, 11, 5, 10, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 5, 10, 6, 1, 9, 2, 9, 11, 2, 9, 8, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 6, 3, 11, 6, 5, 3, 5, 1, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 8, 11, 0, 11, 5, 0, 5, 1, 5, 11, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 3, 11, 6, 0, 3, 6, 0, 6, 5, 0, 5, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 6, 5, 9, 6, 9, 11, 11, 9, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 5, 10, 6, 4, 7, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 4, 3, 0, 4, 7, 3, 6, 5, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 9, 0, 5, 10, 6, 8, 4, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 10, 6, 5, 1, 9, 7, 1, 7, 3, 7, 9, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 6, 1, 2, 6, 5, 1, 4, 7, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 2, 5, 5, 2, 6, 3, 0, 4, 3, 4, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 8, 4, 7, 9, 0, 5, 0, 6, 5, 0, 2, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 7, 3, 9, 7, 9, 4, 3, 2, 9, 5, 9, 6, 2, 6, 9, -1 },
-        { 3, 11, 2, 7, 8, 4, 10, 6, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 5, 10, 6, 4, 7, 2, 4, 2, 0, 2, 7, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 1, 9, 4, 7, 8, 2, 3, 11, 5, 10, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 2, 1, 9, 11, 2, 9, 4, 11, 7, 11, 4, 5, 10, 6, -1 },
-        { 8, 4, 7, 3, 11, 5, 3, 5, 1, 5, 11, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 5, 1, 11, 5, 11, 6, 1, 0, 11, 7, 11, 4, 0, 4, 11, -1 },
-        { 0, 5, 9, 0, 6, 5, 0, 3, 6, 11, 6, 3, 8, 4, 7, -1 },
-        { 6, 5, 9, 6, 9, 11, 4, 7, 9, 7, 11, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 10, 4, 9, 6, 4, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 4, 10, 6, 4, 9, 10, 0, 8, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 10, 0, 1, 10, 6, 0, 6, 4, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 8, 3, 1, 8, 1, 6, 8, 6, 4, 6, 1, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 4, 9, 1, 2, 4, 2, 6, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 3, 0, 8, 1, 2, 9, 2, 4, 9, 2, 6, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 2, 4, 4, 2, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 8, 3, 2, 8, 2, 4, 4, 2, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 10, 4, 9, 10, 6, 4, 11, 2, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 8, 2, 2, 8, 11, 4, 9, 10, 4, 10, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 3, 11, 2, 0, 1, 6, 0, 6, 4, 6, 1, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 6, 4, 1, 6, 1, 10, 4, 8, 1, 2, 1, 11, 8, 11, 1, -1 },
-        { 9, 6, 4, 9, 3, 6, 9, 1, 3, 11, 6, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 8, 11, 1, 8, 1, 0, 11, 6, 1, 9, 1, 4, 6, 4, 1, -1 },
-        { 3, 11, 6, 3, 6, 0, 0, 6, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 6, 4, 8, 11, 6, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 7, 10, 6, 7, 8, 10, 8, 9, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 7, 3, 0, 10, 7, 0, 9, 10, 6, 7, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 10, 6, 7, 1, 10, 7, 1, 7, 8, 1, 8, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 10, 6, 7, 10, 7, 1, 1, 7, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 2, 6, 1, 6, 8, 1, 8, 9, 8, 6, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 2, 6, 9, 2, 9, 1, 6, 7, 9, 0, 9, 3, 7, 3, 9, -1 },
-        { 7, 8, 0, 7, 0, 6, 6, 0, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 7, 3, 2, 6, 7, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 2, 3, 11, 10, 6, 8, 10, 8, 9, 8, 6, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 2, 0, 7, 2, 7, 11, 0, 9, 7, 6, 7, 10, 9, 10, 7, -1 },
-        { 1, 8, 0, 1, 7, 8, 1, 10, 7, 6, 7, 10, 2, 3, 11, -1 },
-        { 11, 2, 1, 11, 1, 7, 10, 6, 1, 6, 7, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 8, 9, 6, 8, 6, 7, 9, 1, 6, 11, 6, 3, 1, 3, 6, -1 },
-        { 0, 9, 1, 11, 6, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 7, 8, 0, 7, 0, 6, 3, 11, 0, 11, 6, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 7, 11, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 7, 6, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 3, 0, 8, 11, 7, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 1, 9, 11, 7, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 8, 1, 9, 8, 3, 1, 11, 7, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 10, 1, 2, 6, 11, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 2, 10, 3, 0, 8, 6, 11, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 2, 9, 0, 2, 10, 9, 6, 11, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 6, 11, 7, 2, 10, 3, 10, 8, 3, 10, 9, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 7, 2, 3, 6, 2, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 7, 0, 8, 7, 6, 0, 6, 2, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 2, 7, 6, 2, 3, 7, 0, 1, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 6, 2, 1, 8, 6, 1, 9, 8, 8, 7, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 10, 7, 6, 10, 1, 7, 1, 3, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 10, 7, 6, 1, 7, 10, 1, 8, 7, 1, 0, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 3, 7, 0, 7, 10, 0, 10, 9, 6, 10, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 7, 6, 10, 7, 10, 8, 8, 10, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 6, 8, 4, 11, 8, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 3, 6, 11, 3, 0, 6, 0, 4, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 8, 6, 11, 8, 4, 6, 9, 0, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 4, 6, 9, 6, 3, 9, 3, 1, 11, 3, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 6, 8, 4, 6, 11, 8, 2, 10, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 2, 10, 3, 0, 11, 0, 6, 11, 0, 4, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 4, 11, 8, 4, 6, 11, 0, 2, 9, 2, 10, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 10, 9, 3, 10, 3, 2, 9, 4, 3, 11, 3, 6, 4, 6, 3, -1 },
-        { 8, 2, 3, 8, 4, 2, 4, 6, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 4, 2, 4, 6, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 9, 0, 2, 3, 4, 2, 4, 6, 4, 3, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 9, 4, 1, 4, 2, 2, 4, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 8, 1, 3, 8, 6, 1, 8, 4, 6, 6, 10, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 10, 1, 0, 10, 0, 6, 6, 0, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 4, 6, 3, 4, 3, 8, 6, 10, 3, 0, 3, 9, 10, 9, 3, -1 },
-        { 10, 9, 4, 6, 10, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 4, 9, 5, 7, 6, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 8, 3, 4, 9, 5, 11, 7, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 5, 0, 1, 5, 4, 0, 7, 6, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 11, 7, 6, 8, 3, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3, 1, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 5, 4, 10, 1, 2, 7, 6, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 6, 11, 7, 1, 2, 10, 0, 8, 3, 4, 9, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 7, 6, 11, 5, 4, 10, 4, 2, 10, 4, 0, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 3, 4, 8, 3, 5, 4, 3, 2, 5, 10, 5, 2, 11, 7, 6, -1 },
-        { 7, 2, 3, 7, 6, 2, 5, 4, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 5, 4, 0, 8, 6, 0, 6, 2, 6, 8, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 3, 6, 2, 3, 7, 6, 1, 5, 0, 5, 4, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 6, 2, 8, 6, 8, 7, 2, 1, 8, 4, 8, 5, 1, 5, 8, -1 },
-        { 9, 5, 4, 10, 1, 6, 1, 7, 6, 1, 3, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 6, 10, 1, 7, 6, 1, 0, 7, 8, 7, 0, 9, 5, 4, -1 },
-        { 4, 0, 10, 4, 10, 5, 0, 3, 10, 6, 10, 7, 3, 7, 10, -1 },
-        { 7, 6, 10, 7, 10, 8, 5, 4, 10, 4, 8, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 6, 9, 5, 6, 11, 9, 11, 8, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 3, 6, 11, 0, 6, 3, 0, 5, 6, 0, 9, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 11, 8, 0, 5, 11, 0, 1, 5, 5, 6, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 6, 11, 3, 6, 3, 5, 5, 3, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 2, 10, 9, 5, 11, 9, 11, 8, 11, 5, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 11, 3, 0, 6, 11, 0, 9, 6, 5, 6, 9, 1, 2, 10, -1 },
-        { 11, 8, 5, 11, 5, 6, 8, 0, 5, 10, 5, 2, 0, 2, 5, -1 },
-        { 6, 11, 3, 6, 3, 5, 2, 10, 3, 10, 5, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 5, 8, 9, 5, 2, 8, 5, 6, 2, 3, 8, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 5, 6, 9, 6, 0, 0, 6, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 5, 8, 1, 8, 0, 5, 6, 8, 3, 8, 2, 6, 2, 8, -1 },
-        { 1, 5, 6, 2, 1, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 3, 6, 1, 6, 10, 3, 8, 6, 5, 6, 9, 8, 9, 6, -1 },
-        { 10, 1, 0, 10, 0, 6, 9, 5, 0, 5, 6, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 3, 8, 5, 6, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 10, 5, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 11, 5, 10, 7, 5, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 11, 5, 10, 11, 7, 5, 8, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 5, 11, 7, 5, 10, 11, 1, 9, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 10, 7, 5, 10, 11, 7, 9, 8, 1, 8, 3, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 11, 1, 2, 11, 7, 1, 7, 5, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 8, 3, 1, 2, 7, 1, 7, 5, 7, 2, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 7, 5, 9, 2, 7, 9, 0, 2, 2, 11, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 7, 5, 2, 7, 2, 11, 5, 9, 2, 3, 2, 8, 9, 8, 2, -1 },
-        { 2, 5, 10, 2, 3, 5, 3, 7, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 8, 2, 0, 8, 5, 2, 8, 7, 5, 10, 2, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 0, 1, 5, 10, 3, 5, 3, 7, 3, 10, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 8, 2, 9, 2, 1, 8, 7, 2, 10, 2, 5, 7, 5, 2, -1 },
-        { 1, 3, 5, 3, 7, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 8, 7, 0, 7, 1, 1, 7, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 0, 3, 9, 3, 5, 5, 3, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 8, 7, 5, 9, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 5, 8, 4, 5, 10, 8, 10, 11, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 5, 0, 4, 5, 11, 0, 5, 10, 11, 11, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 1, 9, 8, 4, 10, 8, 10, 11, 10, 4, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 10, 11, 4, 10, 4, 5, 11, 3, 4, 9, 4, 1, 3, 1, 4, -1 },
-        { 2, 5, 1, 2, 8, 5, 2, 11, 8, 4, 5, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 4, 11, 0, 11, 3, 4, 5, 11, 2, 11, 1, 5, 1, 11, -1 },
-        { 0, 2, 5, 0, 5, 9, 2, 11, 5, 4, 5, 8, 11, 8, 5, -1 },
-        { 9, 4, 5, 2, 11, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 2, 5, 10, 3, 5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 8, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 5, 10, 2, 5, 2, 4, 4, 2, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 3, 10, 2, 3, 5, 10, 3, 8, 5, 4, 5, 8, 0, 1, 9, -1 },
-        { 5, 10, 2, 5, 2, 4, 1, 9, 2, 9, 4, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 8, 4, 5, 8, 5, 3, 3, 5, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 4, 5, 1, 0, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 8, 4, 5, 8, 5, 3, 9, 0, 5, 0, 3, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 4, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 4, 11, 7, 4, 9, 11, 9, 10, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 8, 3, 4, 9, 7, 9, 11, 7, 9, 10, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 10, 11, 1, 11, 4, 1, 4, 0, 7, 4, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 3, 1, 4, 3, 4, 8, 1, 10, 4, 7, 4, 11, 10, 11, 4, -1 },
-        { 4, 11, 7, 9, 11, 4, 9, 2, 11, 9, 1, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 7, 4, 9, 11, 7, 9, 1, 11, 2, 11, 1, 0, 8, 3, -1 },
-        { 11, 7, 4, 11, 4, 2, 2, 4, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 11, 7, 4, 11, 4, 2, 8, 3, 4, 3, 2, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 2, 9, 10, 2, 7, 9, 2, 3, 7, 7, 4, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 10, 7, 9, 7, 4, 10, 2, 7, 8, 7, 0, 2, 0, 7, -1 },
-        { 3, 7, 10, 3, 10, 2, 7, 4, 10, 1, 10, 0, 4, 0, 10, -1 },
-        { 1, 10, 2, 8, 7, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 4, 9, 1, 4, 1, 7, 7, 1, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 4, 9, 1, 4, 1, 7, 0, 8, 1, 8, 7, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 4, 0, 3, 7, 4, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 4, 8, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 10, 8, 10, 11, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 3, 0, 9, 3, 9, 11, 11, 9, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 1, 10, 0, 10, 8, 8, 10, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 3, 1, 10, 11, 3, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 2, 11, 1, 11, 9, 9, 11, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 3, 0, 9, 3, 9, 11, 1, 2, 9, 2, 11, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 2, 11, 8, 0, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 3, 2, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 2, 3, 8, 2, 8, 10, 10, 8, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 9, 10, 2, 0, 9, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 2, 3, 8, 2, 8, 10, 0, 1, 8, 1, 10, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 10, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 1, 3, 8, 9, 1, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 9, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { 0, 3, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
-        { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 }
-      };
-
-      const unsigned int
-        _nx = (unsigned int)(size_x>=0?size_x:cimg::round((x1-x0)*-size_x/100 + 1)),
-        _ny = (unsigned int)(size_y>=0?size_y:cimg::round((y1-y0)*-size_y/100 + 1)),
-        _nz = (unsigned int)(size_z>=0?size_z:cimg::round((z1-z0)*-size_z/100 + 1)),
-        nx = _nx?_nx:1,
-        ny = _ny?_ny:1,
-        nz = _nz?_nz:1,
-        nxm1 = nx - 1,
-        nym1 = ny - 1,
-        nzm1 = nz - 1;
-      primitives.assign();
-      if (!nxm1 || !nym1 || !nzm1) return CImg<floatT>();
-      const float dx = (x1 - x0)/nxm1, dy = (y1 - y0)/nym1, dz = (z1 - z0)/nzm1;
-      CImgList<floatT> vertices;
-      CImg<intT> indices1(nx,ny,1,3,-1), indices2(indices1);
-      CImg<floatT> values1(nx,ny), values2(nx,ny);
-      float X = 0, Y = 0, Z = 0, nX = 0, nY = 0, nZ = 0;
-
-      // Fill the first plane with function values
-      Y = y0;
-      cimg_forY(values1,y) {
-        X = x0;
-        cimg_forX(values1,x) { values1(x,y) = (float)func(X,Y,z0); X+=dx; }
-        Y+=dy;
-      }
-
-      // Run Marching Cubes algorithm
-      Z = z0; nZ = Z + dz;
-      for (unsigned int zi = 0; zi<nzm1; ++zi, Z = nZ, nZ+=dz) {
-        Y = y0; nY = Y + dy;
-        indices2.fill(-1);
-        for (unsigned int yi = 0, nyi = 1; yi<nym1; ++yi, ++nyi, Y = nY, nY+=dy) {
-          X = x0; nX = X + dx;
-          for (unsigned int xi = 0, nxi = 1; xi<nxm1; ++xi, ++nxi, X = nX, nX+=dx) {
-
-            // Determine cube configuration
-            const float
-              val0 = values1(xi,yi),
-              val1 = values1(nxi,yi),
-              val2 = values1(nxi,nyi),
-              val3 = values1(xi,nyi),
-              val4 = values2(xi,yi) = (float)func(X,Y,nZ),
-              val5 = values2(nxi,yi) = (float)func(nX,Y,nZ),
-              val6 = values2(nxi,nyi) = (float)func(nX,nY,nZ),
-              val7 = values2(xi,nyi) = (float)func(X,nY,nZ);
-
-            const unsigned int configuration =
-              (val0<isovalue?1:0)  | (val1<isovalue?2:0)  | (val2<isovalue?4:0)  | (val3<isovalue?8:0) |
-              (val4<isovalue?16:0) | (val5<isovalue?32:0) | (val6<isovalue?64:0) | (val7<isovalue?128:0),
-              edge = edges[configuration];
-
-            // Compute intersection vertices
-            if (edge) {
-              if ((edge&1) && indices1(xi,yi,0)<0) {
-                const float Xi = X + (isovalue-val0)*dx/(val1-val0);
-                indices1(xi,yi,0) = vertices._width;
-                CImg<floatT>::vector(Xi,Y,Z).move_to(vertices);
-              }
-              if ((edge&2) && indices1(nxi,yi,1)<0) {
-                const float Yi = Y + (isovalue-val1)*dy/(val2-val1);
-                indices1(nxi,yi,1) = vertices._width;
-                CImg<floatT>::vector(nX,Yi,Z).move_to(vertices);
-              }
-              if ((edge&4) && indices1(xi,nyi,0)<0) {
-                const float Xi = X + (isovalue-val3)*dx/(val2-val3);
-                indices1(xi,nyi,0) = vertices._width;
-                CImg<floatT>::vector(Xi,nY,Z).move_to(vertices);
-              }
-              if ((edge&8) && indices1(xi,yi,1)<0) {
-                const float Yi = Y + (isovalue-val0)*dy/(val3-val0);
-                indices1(xi,yi,1) = vertices._width;
-                CImg<floatT>::vector(X,Yi,Z).move_to(vertices);
-              }
-              if ((edge&16) && indices2(xi,yi,0)<0) {
-                const float Xi = X + (isovalue-val4)*dx/(val5-val4);
-                indices2(xi,yi,0) = vertices._width;
-                CImg<floatT>::vector(Xi,Y,nZ).move_to(vertices);
-              }
-              if ((edge&32) && indices2(nxi,yi,1)<0) {
-                const float Yi = Y + (isovalue-val5)*dy/(val6-val5);
-                indices2(nxi,yi,1) = vertices._width;
-                CImg<floatT>::vector(nX,Yi,nZ).move_to(vertices);
-              }
-              if ((edge&64) && indices2(xi,nyi,0)<0) {
-                const float Xi = X + (isovalue-val7)*dx/(val6-val7);
-                indices2(xi,nyi,0) = vertices._width;
-                CImg<floatT>::vector(Xi,nY,nZ).move_to(vertices);
-              }
-              if ((edge&128) && indices2(xi,yi,1)<0)  {
-                const float Yi = Y + (isovalue-val4)*dy/(val7-val4);
-                indices2(xi,yi,1) = vertices._width;
-                CImg<floatT>::vector(X,Yi,nZ).move_to(vertices);
-              }
-              if ((edge&256) && indices1(xi,yi,2)<0) {
-                const float Zi = Z+ (isovalue-val0)*dz/(val4-val0);
-                indices1(xi,yi,2) = vertices._width;
-                CImg<floatT>::vector(X,Y,Zi).move_to(vertices);
-              }
-              if ((edge&512) && indices1(nxi,yi,2)<0)  {
-                const float Zi = Z + (isovalue-val1)*dz/(val5-val1);
-                indices1(nxi,yi,2) = vertices._width;
-                CImg<floatT>::vector(nX,Y,Zi).move_to(vertices);
-              }
-              if ((edge&1024) && indices1(nxi,nyi,2)<0) {
-                const float Zi = Z + (isovalue-val2)*dz/(val6-val2);
-                indices1(nxi,nyi,2) = vertices._width;
-                CImg<floatT>::vector(nX,nY,Zi).move_to(vertices);
-              }
-              if ((edge&2048) && indices1(xi,nyi,2)<0) {
-                const float Zi = Z + (isovalue-val3)*dz/(val7-val3);
-                indices1(xi,nyi,2) = vertices._width;
-                CImg<floatT>::vector(X,nY,Zi).move_to(vertices);
-              }
-
-              // Create triangles
-              for (const int *triangle = triangles[configuration]; *triangle!=-1; ) {
-                const unsigned int p0 = *(triangle++), p1 = *(triangle++), p2 = *(triangle++);
-                const tf
-                  i0 = (tf)(_isosurface3d_indice(p0,indices1,indices2,xi,yi,nxi,nyi)),
-                  i1 = (tf)(_isosurface3d_indice(p1,indices1,indices2,xi,yi,nxi,nyi)),
-                  i2 = (tf)(_isosurface3d_indice(p2,indices1,indices2,xi,yi,nxi,nyi));
-                CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i2,i1).move_to(primitives);
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        cimg::swap(values1,values2);
-        cimg::swap(indices1,indices2);
-      }
-      return vertices>'x';
-    }
-
-    //! Compute isosurface of a function, as a 3d object \overloading.
-    template<typename tf>
-    static CImg<floatT> isosurface3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives, const char *const expression, const float isovalue,
-                                     const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
-                                     const float x1, const float y1, const float z1,
-                                     const int dx=32, const int dy=32, const int dz=32) {
-      const _functor3d_expr func(expression);
-      return isosurface3d(primitives,func,isovalue,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,dx,dy,dz);
-    }
-
-    template<typename t>
-    static int _isosurface3d_indice(const unsigned int edge, const CImg<t>& indices1, const CImg<t>& indices2,
-                                    const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y,
-                                    const unsigned int nx, const unsigned int ny) {
-      switch (edge) {
-      case 0 : return indices1(x,y,0);
-      case 1 : return indices1(nx,y,1);
-      case 2 : return indices1(x,ny,0);
-      case 3 : return indices1(x,y,1);
-      case 4 : return indices2(x,y,0);
-      case 5 : return indices2(nx,y,1);
-      case 6 : return indices2(x,ny,0);
-      case 7 : return indices2(x,y,1);
-      case 8 : return indices1(x,y,2);
-      case 9 : return indices1(nx,y,2);
-      case 10 : return indices1(nx,ny,2);
-      case 11 : return indices1(x,ny,2);
-      }
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-    // Define functors for accessing image values (used in previous functions).
-    struct _functor2d_int {
-      const CImg<T>& ref;
-      _functor2d_int(const CImg<T>& pref):ref(pref) {}
-      float operator()(const float x, const float y) const {
-        return (float)ref((int)x,(int)y);
-      }
-    };
-
-    struct _functor2d_float {
-      const CImg<T>& ref;
-      _functor2d_float(const CImg<T>& pref):ref(pref) {}
-      float operator()(const float x, const float y) const {
-        return (float)ref._linear_atXY(x,y);
-      }
-    };
-
-    struct _functor2d_expr {
-      _cimg_math_parser *mp;
-      _functor2d_expr(const char *const expr):mp(0) { mp = new _cimg_math_parser(CImg<T>::empty(),expr,0); }
-      ~_functor2d_expr() { delete mp; }
-      float operator()(const float x, const float y) const {
-        return (float)(*mp)(x,y,0,0);
-      }
-    };
-
-    struct _functor3d_int {
-      const CImg<T>& ref;
-      _functor3d_int(const CImg<T>& pref):ref(pref) {}
-      float operator()(const float x, const float y, const float z) const {
-        return (float)ref((int)x,(int)y,(int)z);
-      }
-    };
-
-    struct _functor3d_float {
-      const CImg<T>& ref;
-      _functor3d_float(const CImg<T>& pref):ref(pref) {}
-      float operator()(const float x, const float y, const float z) const {
-        return (float)ref._linear_atXYZ(x,y,z);
-      }
-    };
-
-    struct _functor3d_expr {
-      _cimg_math_parser *mp;
-      ~_functor3d_expr() { delete mp; }
-      _functor3d_expr(const char *const expr):mp(0) { mp = new _cimg_math_parser(CImg<T>::empty(),expr,0); }
-      float operator()(const float x, const float y, const float z) const {
-        return (float)(*mp)(x,y,z,0);
-      }
-    };
-
-    struct _functor4d_int {
-      const CImg<T>& ref;
-      _functor4d_int(const CImg<T>& pref):ref(pref) {}
-      float operator()(const float x, const float y, const float z, const unsigned int c) const {
-        return (float)ref((int)x,(int)y,(int)z,c);
-      }
-    };
-
-    //! Generate a 3d box object.
-    /**
-       \param[out] primitives The returned list of the 3d object primitives
-                              (template type \e tf should be at least \e unsigned \e int).
-       \param size_x The width of the box (dimension along the X-axis).
-       \param size_y The height of the box (dimension along the Y-axis).
-       \param size_z The depth of the box (dimension along the Z-axis).
-       \return The N vertices (xi,yi,zi) of the 3d object as a Nx3 CImg<float> image (0<=i<=N-1).
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImgList<unsigned int> faces3d;
-       const CImg<float> points3d = CImg<float>::box3d(faces3d,10,20,30);
-       CImg<unsigned char>().display_object3d("Box3d",points3d,faces3d);
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_box3d.jpg
-    **/
-    template<typename tf>
-    static CImg<floatT> box3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                              const float size_x=200, const float size_y=100, const float size_z=100) {
-      primitives.assign(6,1,4,1,1, 0,3,2,1, 4,5,6,7, 0,1,5,4, 3,7,6,2, 0,4,7,3, 1,2,6,5);
-      return CImg<floatT>(8,3,1,1,
-                          0.,size_x,size_x,    0.,    0.,size_x,size_x,    0.,
-                          0.,    0.,size_y,size_y,    0.,    0.,size_y,size_y,
-                          0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,size_z,size_z,size_z,size_z);
-    }
-
-    //! Generate a 3d cone.
-    /**
-       \param[out] primitives The returned list of the 3d object primitives
-                              (template type \e tf should be at least \e unsigned \e int).
-       \param radius The radius of the cone basis.
-       \param size_z The cone's height.
-       \param subdivisions The number of basis angular subdivisions.
-       \return The N vertices (xi,yi,zi) of the 3d object as a Nx3 CImg<float> image (0<=i<=N-1).
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImgList<unsigned int> faces3d;
-       const CImg<float> points3d = CImg<float>::cone3d(faces3d,50);
-       CImg<unsigned char>().display_object3d("Cone3d",points3d,faces3d);
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_cone3d.jpg
-    **/
-    template<typename tf>
-    static CImg<floatT> cone3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                               const float radius=50, const float size_z=100, const unsigned int subdivisions=24) {
-      primitives.assign();
-      if (!subdivisions) return CImg<floatT>();
-      CImgList<floatT> vertices(2,1,3,1,1,
-                                0.,0.,size_z,
-                                0.,0.,0.);
-      for (float delta = 360.0f/subdivisions, angle = 0; angle<360; angle+=delta) {
-	const float a = (float)(angle*cimg::PI/180);
-        CImg<floatT>::vector((float)(radius*std::cos(a)),(float)(radius*std::sin(a)),0).move_to(vertices);
-      }
-      const unsigned int nbr = vertices._width - 2;
-      for (unsigned int p = 0; p<nbr; ++p) {
-	const unsigned int curr = 2 + p, next = 2 + ((p+1)%nbr);
-        CImg<tf>::vector(1,next,curr).move_to(primitives);
-        CImg<tf>::vector(0,curr,next).move_to(primitives);
-      }
-      return vertices>'x';
-    }
-
-    //! Generate a 3d cylinder.
-    /**
-       \param[out] primitives The returned list of the 3d object primitives
-                              (template type \e tf should be at least \e unsigned \e int).
-       \param radius The radius of the cylinder basis.
-       \param size_z The cylinder's height.
-       \param subdivisions The number of basis angular subdivisions.
-       \return The N vertices (xi,yi,zi) of the 3d object as a Nx3 CImg<float> image (0<=i<=N-1).
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImgList<unsigned int> faces3d;
-       const CImg<float> points3d = CImg<float>::cylinder3d(faces3d,50);
-       CImg<unsigned char>().display_object3d("Cylinder3d",points3d,faces3d);
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_cylinder3d.jpg
-    **/
-    template<typename tf>
-    static CImg<floatT> cylinder3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                                   const float radius=50, const float size_z=100, const unsigned int subdivisions=24) {
-      primitives.assign();
-      if (!subdivisions) return CImg<floatT>();
-      CImgList<floatT> vertices(2,1,3,1,1,
-                                0.,0.,0.,
-                                0.,0.,size_z);
-      for (float delta = 360.0f/subdivisions, angle = 0; angle<360; angle+=delta) {
-	const float a = (float)(angle*cimg::PI/180);
-        CImg<floatT>::vector((float)(radius*std::cos(a)),(float)(radius*std::sin(a)),0.0f).move_to(vertices);
-        CImg<floatT>::vector((float)(radius*std::cos(a)),(float)(radius*std::sin(a)),size_z).move_to(vertices);
-      }
-      const unsigned int nbr = (vertices._width - 2)/2;
-      for (unsigned int p = 0; p<nbr; ++p) {
-	const unsigned int curr = 2+2*p, next = 2+(2*((p+1)%nbr));
-        CImg<tf>::vector(0,next,curr).move_to(primitives);
-        CImg<tf>::vector(1,curr+1,next+1).move_to(primitives);
-        CImg<tf>::vector(curr,next,next+1,curr+1).move_to(primitives);
-      }
-      return vertices>'x';
-    }
-
-    //! Generate a 3d torus.
-    /**
-       \param[out] primitives The returned list of the 3d object primitives
-                              (template type \e tf should be at least \e unsigned \e int).
-       \param radius1 The large radius.
-       \param radius2 The small radius.
-       \param subdivisions1 The number of angular subdivisions for the large radius.
-       \param subdivisions2 The number of angular subdivisions for the small radius.
-       \return The N vertices (xi,yi,zi) of the 3d object as a Nx3 CImg<float> image (0<=i<=N-1).
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImgList<unsigned int> faces3d;
-       const CImg<float> points3d = CImg<float>::torus3d(faces3d,20,4);
-       CImg<unsigned char>().display_object3d("Torus3d",points3d,faces3d);
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_torus3d.jpg
-    **/
-    template<typename tf>
-    static CImg<floatT> torus3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                                const float radius1=100, const float radius2=30,
-                                const unsigned int subdivisions1=24, const unsigned int subdivisions2=12) {
-      primitives.assign();
-      if (!subdivisions1 || !subdivisions2) return CImg<floatT>();
-      CImgList<floatT> vertices;
-      for (unsigned int v = 0; v<subdivisions1; ++v) {
-	const float
-	  beta = (float)(v*2*cimg::PI/subdivisions1),
-	  xc = radius1*(float)std::cos(beta),
-	  yc = radius1*(float)std::sin(beta);
-        for (unsigned int u = 0; u<subdivisions2; ++u) {
-          const float
-            alpha = (float)(u*2*cimg::PI/subdivisions2),
-            x = xc + radius2*(float)(std::cos(alpha)*std::cos(beta)),
-	    y = yc + radius2*(float)(std::cos(alpha)*std::sin(beta)),
-	    z = radius2*(float)std::sin(alpha);
-          CImg<floatT>::vector(x,y,z).move_to(vertices);
-        }
-      }
-      for (unsigned int vv = 0; vv<subdivisions1; ++vv) {
-	const unsigned int nv = (vv+1)%subdivisions1;
-        for (unsigned int uu = 0; uu<subdivisions2; ++uu) {
-          const unsigned int nu = (uu+1)%subdivisions2, svv = subdivisions2*vv, snv = subdivisions2*nv;
-          CImg<tf>::vector(svv+nu,svv+uu,snv+uu,snv+nu).move_to(primitives);
-        }
-      }
-      return vertices>'x';
-    }
-
-    //! Generate a 3d XY-plane.
-    /**
-       \param[out] primitives The returned list of the 3d object primitives
-                              (template type \e tf should be at least \e unsigned \e int).
-       \param size_x The width of the plane (dimension along the X-axis).
-       \param size_y The height of the plane (dimensions along the Y-axis).
-       \param subdivisions_x The number of planar subdivisions along the X-axis.
-       \param subdivisions_y The number of planar subdivisions along the Y-axis.
-       \return The N vertices (xi,yi,zi) of the 3d object as a Nx3 CImg<float> image (0<=i<=N-1).
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImgList<unsigned int> faces3d;
-       const CImg<float> points3d = CImg<float>::plane3d(faces3d,100,50);
-       CImg<unsigned char>().display_object3d("Plane3d",points3d,faces3d);
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_plane3d.jpg
-    **/
-    template<typename tf>
-    static CImg<floatT> plane3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                                const float size_x=100, const float size_y=100,
-                                const unsigned int subdivisions_x=10, const unsigned int subdivisions_y=10) {
-      primitives.assign();
-      if (!subdivisions_x || !subdivisions_y) return CImg<floatT>();
-      CImgList<floatT> vertices;
-      const unsigned int w = subdivisions_x + 1, h = subdivisions_y + 1;
-      const float fx = (float)size_x/w, fy = (float)size_y/h;
-      for (unsigned int y = 0; y<h; ++y) for (unsigned int x = 0; x<w; ++x)
-        CImg<floatT>::vector(fx*x,fy*y,0).move_to(vertices);
-      for (unsigned int y = 0; y<subdivisions_y; ++y) for (unsigned int x = 0; x<subdivisions_x; ++x) {
-        const int off1 = x+y*w, off2 = x+1+y*w, off3 = x+1+(y+1)*w, off4 = x+(y+1)*w;
-	CImg<tf>::vector(off1,off4,off3,off2).move_to(primitives);
-      }
-      return vertices>'x';
-    }
-
-    //! Generate a 3d sphere.
-    /**
-       \param[out] primitives The returned list of the 3d object primitives
-                              (template type \e tf should be at least \e unsigned \e int).
-       \param radius The radius of the sphere (dimension along the X-axis).
-       \param subdivisions The number of recursive subdivisions from an initial icosahedron.
-       \return The N vertices (xi,yi,zi) of the 3d object as a Nx3 CImg<float> image (0<=i<=N-1).
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImgList<unsigned int> faces3d;
-       const CImg<float> points3d = CImg<float>::sphere3d(faces3d,100,4);
-       CImg<unsigned char>().display_object3d("Sphere3d",points3d,faces3d);
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_sphere3d.jpg
-    **/
-    template<typename tf>
-    static CImg<floatT> sphere3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                                 const float radius=50, const unsigned int subdivisions=3) {
-
-      // Create initial icosahedron
-      primitives.assign();
-      const double tmp = (1+std::sqrt(5.0f))/2, a = 1.0/std::sqrt(1+tmp*tmp), b = tmp*a;
-      CImgList<floatT> vertices(12,1,3,1,1, b,a,0.0, -b,a,0.0, -b,-a,0.0, b,-a,0.0, a,0.0,b, a,0.0,-b,
-                                -a,0.0,-b, -a,0.0,b, 0.0,b,a, 0.0,-b,a, 0.0,-b,-a, 0.0,b,-a);
-      primitives.assign(20,1,3,1,1, 4,8,7, 4,7,9, 5,6,11, 5,10,6, 0,4,3, 0,3,5, 2,7,1, 2,1,6,
-                        8,0,11, 8,11,1, 9,10,3, 9,2,10, 8,4,0, 11,0,5, 4,9,3,
-                        5,3,10, 7,8,1, 6,1,11, 7,2,9, 6,10,2);
-      // edge - length/2
-      float he = (float)a;
-
-      // Recurse subdivisions
-      for (unsigned int i = 0; i<subdivisions; ++i) {
-        const unsigned int L = primitives._width;
-	he/=2;
-	const float he2 = he*he;
-        for (unsigned int l = 0; l<L; ++l) {
-          const unsigned int
-            p0 = (unsigned int)primitives(0,0), p1 = (unsigned int)primitives(0,1), p2 = (unsigned int)primitives(0,2);
-          const float
-            x0 = vertices(p0,0), y0 = vertices(p0,1), z0 = vertices(p0,2),
-            x1 = vertices(p1,0), y1 = vertices(p1,1), z1 = vertices(p1,2),
-            x2 = vertices(p2,0), y2 = vertices(p2,1), z2 = vertices(p2,2),
-            tnx0 = (x0+x1)/2, tny0 = (y0+y1)/2, tnz0 = (z0+z1)/2, nn0 = (float)std::sqrt(tnx0*tnx0+tny0*tny0+tnz0*tnz0),
-            tnx1 = (x0+x2)/2, tny1 = (y0+y2)/2, tnz1 = (z0+z2)/2, nn1 = (float)std::sqrt(tnx1*tnx1+tny1*tny1+tnz1*tnz1),
-            tnx2 = (x1+x2)/2, tny2 = (y1+y2)/2, tnz2 = (z1+z2)/2, nn2 = (float)std::sqrt(tnx2*tnx2+tny2*tny2+tnz2*tnz2),
-            nx0 = tnx0/nn0, ny0 = tny0/nn0, nz0 = tnz0/nn0,
-            nx1 = tnx1/nn1, ny1 = tny1/nn1, nz1 = tnz1/nn1,
-            nx2 = tnx2/nn2, ny2 = tny2/nn2, nz2 = tnz2/nn2;
-          int i0 = -1, i1 = -1, i2 = -1;
-          cimglist_for(vertices,p) {
-            const float x = (float)vertices(p,0), y = (float)vertices(p,1), z = (float)vertices(p,2);
-            if (cimg::sqr(x-nx0) + cimg::sqr(y-ny0) + cimg::sqr(z-nz0)<he2) i0 = p;
-            if (cimg::sqr(x-nx1) + cimg::sqr(y-ny1) + cimg::sqr(z-nz1)<he2) i1 = p;
-            if (cimg::sqr(x-nx2) + cimg::sqr(y-ny2) + cimg::sqr(z-nz2)<he2) i2 = p;
-          }
-          if (i0<0) { CImg<floatT>::vector(nx0,ny0,nz0).move_to(vertices); i0 = vertices._width - 1; }
-          if (i1<0) { CImg<floatT>::vector(nx1,ny1,nz1).move_to(vertices); i1 = vertices._width - 1; }
-          if (i2<0) { CImg<floatT>::vector(nx2,ny2,nz2).move_to(vertices); i2 = vertices._width - 1; }
-          primitives.remove(0);
-          CImg<tf>::vector(p0,i0,i1).move_to(primitives);
-          CImg<tf>::vector((tf)i0,(tf)p1,(tf)i2).move_to(primitives);
-          CImg<tf>::vector((tf)i1,(tf)i2,(tf)p2).move_to(primitives);
-          CImg<tf>::vector((tf)i1,(tf)i0,(tf)i2).move_to(primitives);
-        }
-      }
-      return (vertices>'x')*=radius;
-    }
-
-    //! Generate a 3d ellipsoid.
-    /**
-       \param[out] primitives The returned list of the 3d object primitives
-                              (template type \e tf should be at least \e unsigned \e int).
-       \param tensor The tensor which gives the shape and size of the ellipsoid.
-       \param subdivisions The number of recursive subdivisions from an initial stretched icosahedron.
-       \return The N vertices (xi,yi,zi) of the 3d object as a Nx3 CImg<float> image (0<=i<=N-1).
-       \par Example
-       \code
-       CImgList<unsigned int> faces3d;
-       const CImg<float> tensor = CImg<float>::diagonal(10,7,3),
-                         points3d = CImg<float>::ellipsoid3d(faces3d,tensor,4);
-       CImg<unsigned char>().display_object3d("Ellipsoid3d",points3d,faces3d);
-       \endcode
-       \image html ref_ellipsoid3d.jpg
-    **/
-    template<typename tf, typename t>
-    static CImg<floatT> ellipsoid3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                                    const CImg<t>& tensor, const unsigned int subdivisions=3) {
-      primitives.assign();
-      if (!subdivisions) return CImg<floatT>();
-      CImg<floatT> S, V;
-      tensor.symmetric_eigen(S,V);
-      const float orient =
-        (V(0,1)*V(1,2) - V(0,2)*V(1,1))*V(2,0) +
-        (V(0,2)*V(1,0) - V(0,0)*V(1,2))*V(2,1) +
-        (V(0,0)*V(1,1) - V(0,1)*V(1,0))*V(2,2);
-      if (orient<0) { V(2,0) = -V(2,0); V(2,1) = -V(2,1); V(2,2) = -V(2,2); }
-      const float l0 = S[0], l1 = S[1], l2 = S[2];
-      CImg<floatT> vertices = sphere3d(primitives,1.0,subdivisions);
-      vertices.get_shared_row(0)*=l0;
-      vertices.get_shared_row(1)*=l1;
-      vertices.get_shared_row(2)*=l2;
-      return V*vertices;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert 3d object into a CImg3d representation.
-    /**
-       \param primitives Primitives data of the 3d object.
-       \param colors Colors data of the 3d object.
-       \param opacities Opacities data of the 3d object.
-       \param full_check Tells if full checking of the 3d object must be performed.
-    **/
-    template<typename tp, typename tc, typename to>
-    CImg<T>& object3dtoCImg3d(const CImgList<tp>& primitives,
-                              const CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                              const to& opacities,
-                              const bool full_check=true) {
-      return get_object3dtoCImg3d(primitives,colors,opacities,full_check).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Convert 3d object into a CImg3d representation \overloading.
-    template<typename tp, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& object3dtoCImg3d(const CImgList<tp>& primitives,
-                              const CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                              const bool full_check=true) {
-      return get_object3dtoCImg3d(primitives,colors,full_check).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Convert 3d object into a CImg3d representation \overloading.
-    template<typename tp>
-    CImg<T>& object3dtoCImg3d(const CImgList<tp>& primitives,
-                              const bool full_check=true) {
-      return get_object3dtoCImg3d(primitives,full_check).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Convert 3d object into a CImg3d representation \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& object3dtoCImg3d(const bool full_check=true) {
-      return get_object3dtoCImg3d(full_check).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Convert 3d object into a CImg3d representation \newinstance.
-    template<typename tp, typename tc, typename to>
-    CImg<floatT> get_object3dtoCImg3d(const CImgList<tp>& primitives,
-                                      const CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                                      const to& opacities,
-                                      const bool full_check=true) const {
-      char error_message[1024] = { 0 };
-      if (!is_object3d(primitives,colors,opacities,full_check,error_message))
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "object3dtoCImg3d(): Invalid specified 3d object (%u,%u) (%s).",
-                                    cimg_instance,_width,primitives._width,error_message);
-      CImg<floatT> res(1,_size_object3dtoCImg3d(primitives,colors,opacities));
-      float *ptrd = res._data;
-
-      // Put magick number.
-      *(ptrd++) = 'C' + 0.5f; *(ptrd++) = 'I' + 0.5f; *(ptrd++) = 'm' + 0.5f;
-      *(ptrd++) = 'g' + 0.5f; *(ptrd++) = '3' + 0.5f; *(ptrd++) = 'd' + 0.5f;
-
-      // Put number of vertices and primitives.
-      *(ptrd++) = cimg::uint2float(_width);
-      *(ptrd++) = cimg::uint2float(primitives._width);
-
-      // Put vertex data.
-      if (is_empty() || !primitives) return res;
-      const T *ptrx = data(0,0), *ptry = data(0,1), *ptrz = data(0,2);
-      cimg_forX(*this,p) {
-        *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptrx++);
-        *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptry++);
-        *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptrz++);
-      }
-
-      // Put primitive data.
-      cimglist_for(primitives,p) {
-        *(ptrd++) = (float)primitives[p].size();
-        const tp *ptrp = primitives[p]._data;
-        cimg_foroff(primitives[p],i) *(ptrd++) = cimg::uint2float((unsigned int)*(ptrp++));
-      }
-
-      // Put color/texture data.
-      const unsigned int csiz = cimg::min(colors._width,primitives._width);
-      for (int c = 0; c<(int)csiz; ++c) {
-        const CImg<tc>& color = colors[c];
-        const tc *ptrc = color._data;
-        if (color.size()==3) { *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptrc++); *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptrc++); *(ptrd++) = (float)*ptrc; }
-        else {
-          *(ptrd++) = -128.0f;
-          int shared_ind = -1;
-          if (color.is_shared()) for (int i = 0; i<c; ++i) if (ptrc==colors[i]._data) { shared_ind = i; break; }
-          if (shared_ind<0) {
-            *(ptrd++) = (float)color._width;
-            *(ptrd++) = (float)color._height;
-            *(ptrd++) = (float)color._spectrum;
-            cimg_foroff(color,l) *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptrc++);
-          } else {
-            *(ptrd++) = (float)shared_ind;
-            *(ptrd++) = 0;
-            *(ptrd++) = 0;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      const int csiz2 = primitives._width - colors._width;
-      for (int c = 0; c<csiz2; ++c) { *(ptrd++) = 200.0f; *(ptrd++) = 200.0f; *(ptrd++) = 200.0f; }
-
-      // Put opacity data.
-      ptrd = _object3dtoCImg3d(opacities,ptrd);
-      const float *ptre = res.end();
-      while (ptrd<ptre) *(ptrd++) = 1.0f;
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    template<typename to>
-    float* _object3dtoCImg3d(const CImgList<to>& opacities, float *ptrd) const {
-      cimglist_for(opacities,o) {
-        const CImg<to>& opacity = opacities[o];
-        const to *ptro = opacity._data;
-        if (opacity.size()==1) *(ptrd++) = (float)*ptro;
-        else {
-          *(ptrd++) = -128.0f;
-          int shared_ind = -1;
-          if (opacity.is_shared()) for (int i = 0; i<o; ++i) if (ptro==opacities[i]._data) { shared_ind = i; break; }
-          if (shared_ind<0) {
-            *(ptrd++) = (float)opacity._width;
-            *(ptrd++) = (float)opacity._height;
-            *(ptrd++) = (float)opacity._spectrum;
-            cimg_foroff(opacity,l) *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptro++);
-          } else {
-            *(ptrd++) = (float)shared_ind;
-            *(ptrd++) = 0;
-            *(ptrd++) = 0;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return ptrd;
-    }
-
-    template<typename to>
-    float* _object3dtoCImg3d(const CImg<to>& opacities, float *ptrd) const {
-      const to *ptro = opacities._data;
-      cimg_foroff(opacities,o) *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptro++);
-      return ptrd;
-    }
-
-    template<typename tp, typename tc, typename to>
-    unsigned int _size_object3dtoCImg3d(const CImgList<tp>& primitives,
-                                        const CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                                        const CImgList<to>& opacities) const {
-      unsigned int siz = 8 + 3*width();
-      cimglist_for(primitives,p) siz+=primitives[p].size() + 1;
-      for (int c = cimg::min(primitives._width,colors._width)-1; c>=0; --c) {
-        if (colors[c].is_shared()) siz+=4;
-        else { const unsigned int csiz = colors[c].size(); siz+=(csiz!=3)?4+csiz:3; }
-      }
-      if (colors._width<primitives._width) siz+=3*(primitives._width - colors._width);
-      cimglist_for(opacities,o) {
-        if (opacities[o].is_shared()) siz+=4;
-        else { const unsigned int osiz = opacities[o].size(); siz+=(osiz!=1)?4+osiz:1; }
-      }
-      siz+=primitives._width - opacities._width;
-      return siz;
-    }
-
-    template<typename tp, typename tc, typename to>
-    unsigned int _size_object3dtoCImg3d(const CImgList<tp>& primitives,
-                                        const CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                                        const CImg<to>& opacities) const {
-      unsigned int siz = 8 + 3*width();
-      cimglist_for(primitives,p) siz+=primitives[p].size() + 1;
-      for (int c = cimg::min(primitives._width,colors._width)-1; c>=0; --c) {
-        const unsigned int csiz = colors[c].size(); siz+=(csiz!=3)?4+csiz:3;
-      }
-      if (colors._width<primitives._width) siz+=3*(primitives._width - colors._width);
-      siz+=primitives.size();
-      cimg::unused(opacities);
-      return siz;
-    }
-
-    //! Convert 3d object into a CImg3d representation \overloading.
-    template<typename tp, typename tc>
-    CImg<floatT> get_object3dtoCImg3d(const CImgList<tp>& primitives,
-                                      const CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                                      const bool full_check=true) const {
-      CImgList<T> opacities;
-      return get_object3dtoCImg3d(primitives,colors,opacities,full_check);
-    }
-
-    //! Convert 3d object into a CImg3d representation \overloading.
-    template<typename tp>
-    CImg<floatT> get_object3dtoCImg3d(const CImgList<tp>& primitives,
-                                      const bool full_check=true) const {
-      CImgList<T> colors, opacities;
-      return get_object3dtoCImg3d(primitives,colors,opacities,full_check);
-    }
-
-    //! Convert 3d object into a CImg3d representation \overloading.
-    CImg<floatT> get_object3dtoCImg3d(const bool full_check=true) const {
-      CImgList<T> opacities, colors;
-      CImgList<uintT> primitives(width(),1,1,1,1);
-      cimglist_for(primitives,p) primitives(p,0) = p;
-      return get_object3dtoCImg3d(primitives,colors,opacities,full_check);
-    }
-
-    //! Convert CImg3d representation into a 3d object.
-    /**
-       \param[out] primitives Primitives data of the 3d object.
-       \param[out] colors Colors data of the 3d object.
-       \param[out] opacities Opacities data of the 3d object.
-       \param full_check Tells if full checking of the 3d object must be performed.
-    **/
-    template<typename tp, typename tc, typename to>
-    CImg<T>& CImg3dtoobject3d(CImgList<tp>& primitives,
-                              CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                              CImgList<to>& opacities,
-                              const bool full_check=true) {
-      return get_CImg3dtoobject3d(primitives,colors,opacities,full_check).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Convert CImg3d representation into a 3d object \newinstance.
-    template<typename tp, typename tc, typename to>
-    CImg<T> get_CImg3dtoobject3d(CImgList<tp>& primitives,
-                                 CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                                 CImgList<to>& opacities,
-                                 const bool full_check=true) const {
-      char error_message[1024] = { 0 };
-      if (!is_CImg3d(full_check,error_message))
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "CImg3dtoobject3d(): image instance is not a CImg3d (%s).",
-                                    cimg_instance,error_message);
-      const T *ptrs = _data + 6;
-      const unsigned int
-        nb_points = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++)),
-        nb_primitives = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++));
-      const CImg<T> points = CImg<T>(ptrs,3,nb_points,1,1,true).get_transpose();
-      ptrs+=3*nb_points;
-      primitives.assign(nb_primitives);
-      cimglist_for(primitives,p) {
-        const unsigned int nb_inds = (unsigned int)*(ptrs++);
-        primitives[p].assign(1,nb_inds);
-        tp *ptrp = primitives[p]._data;
-        for (unsigned int i = 0; i<nb_inds; ++i) *(ptrp++) = (tp)cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++));
-      }
-      colors.assign(nb_primitives);
-      cimglist_for(colors,c) {
-        if (*ptrs==(T)-128) {
-          ++ptrs;
-          const unsigned int w = (unsigned int)*(ptrs++), h = (unsigned int)*(ptrs++), s = (unsigned int)*(ptrs++);
-          if (!h && !s) colors[c].assign(colors[w],true);
-          else { colors[c].assign(ptrs,w,h,1,s,false); ptrs+=w*h*s; }
-        } else { colors[c].assign(ptrs,1,1,1,3,false); ptrs+=3; }
-      }
-      opacities.assign(nb_primitives);
-      cimglist_for(opacities,o) {
-        if (*ptrs==(T)-128) {
-          ++ptrs;
-          const unsigned int w = (unsigned int)*(ptrs++), h = (unsigned int)*(ptrs++), s = (unsigned int)*(ptrs++);
-          if (!h && !s) opacities[o].assign(opacities[w],true);
-          else { opacities[o].assign(ptrs,w,h,1,s,false); ptrs+=w*h*s; }
-        } else opacities[o].assign(1,1,1,1,*(ptrs++));
-      }
-      return points;
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //---------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Drawing Functions
-    //@{
-    //---------------------------
-
-#define cimg_init_scanline(color,opacity) \
-    const float _sc_nopacity = cimg::abs((float)opacity), _sc_copacity = 1 - cimg::max((float)opacity,0); \
-  const unsigned long _sc_whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth
-
-#define cimg_draw_scanline(x0,x1,y,color,opacity,brightness) \
-    _draw_scanline(x0,x1,y,color,opacity,brightness,_sc_nopacity,_sc_copacity,_sc_whd)
-
-    // [internal] The following _draw_scanline() routines are *non user-friendly functions*,
-    // used only for internal purpose.
-    // Pre-requisites: x0<x1, y-coordinate is valid, col is valid.
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& _draw_scanline(const int x0, const int x1, const int y,
-                            const tc *const color, const float opacity,
-                            const float brightness,
-                            const float nopacity, const float copacity, const unsigned long whd) {
-      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
-      const int nx0 = x0>0?x0:0, nx1 = x1<width()?x1:width()-1, dx = nx1 - nx0;
-      if (dx>=0) {
-        const tc *col = color;
-        const unsigned long off = whd - dx - 1;
-        T *ptrd = data(nx0,y);
-        if (opacity>=1) { // ** Opaque drawing **
-          if (brightness==1) { // Brightness==1
-            if (sizeof(T)!=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                const T val = (T)*(col++);
-                for (int x = dx; x>=0; --x) *(ptrd++) = val;
-                ptrd+=off;
-              } else cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                const T val = (T)*(col++);
-                std::memset(ptrd,(int)val,dx+1);
-                ptrd+=whd;
-              }
-          } else if (brightness<1) { // Brightness<1
-            if (sizeof(T)!=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                const T val = (T)(*(col++)*brightness);
-                for (int x = dx; x>=0; --x) *(ptrd++) = val;
-                ptrd+=off;
-              } else cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                const T val = (T)(*(col++)*brightness);
-                std::memset(ptrd,(int)val,dx+1);
-                ptrd+=whd;
-              }
-          } else { // Brightness>1
-            if (sizeof(T)!=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                const T val = (T)((2-brightness)**(col++) + (brightness-1)*maxval);
-                for (int x = dx; x>=0; --x) *(ptrd++) = val;
-                ptrd+=off;
-              } else cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                const T val = (T)((2-brightness)**(col++) + (brightness-1)*maxval);
-                std::memset(ptrd,(int)val,dx+1);
-                ptrd+=whd;
-              }
-          }
-        } else { // ** Transparent drawing **
-          if (brightness==1) { // Brightness==1
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              const T val = (T)*(col++);
-              for (int x = dx; x>=0; --x) { *ptrd = (T)(val*nopacity + *ptrd*copacity); ++ptrd; }
-              ptrd+=off;
-            }
-          } else if (brightness<=1) { // Brightness<1
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              const T val = (T)(*(col++)*brightness);
-              for (int x = dx; x>=0; --x) { *ptrd = (T)(val*nopacity + *ptrd*copacity); ++ptrd; }
-              ptrd+=off;
-            }
-          } else { // Brightness>1
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              const T val = (T)((2-brightness)**(col++) + (brightness-1)*maxval);
-              for (int x = dx; x>=0; --x) { *ptrd = (T)(val*nopacity + *ptrd*copacity); ++ptrd; }
-              ptrd+=off;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a 3d point.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the point.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the point.
-       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the point.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \note
-       - To set pixel values without clipping needs, you should use the faster CImg::operator()() function.
-       \par Example:
-       \code
-       CImg<unsigned char> img(100,100,1,3,0);
-       const unsigned char color[] = { 255,128,64 };
-       img.draw_point(50,50,color);
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_point(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0,
-                        const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (!color)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_point(): Specified color is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (x0>=0 && y0>=0 && z0>=0 && x0<width() && y0<height() && z0<depth()) {
-        const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-        const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-        T *ptrd = data(x0,y0,z0,0);
-        const tc *col = color;
-        if (opacity>=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)*(col++); ptrd+=whd; }
-        else cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*(col++)*nopacity + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=whd; }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a 2d point \simplification.
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_point(const int x0, const int y0,
-                        const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
-      return draw_point(x0,y0,0,color,opacity);
-    }
-
-    // Draw a points cloud.
-    /**
-       \param points Image of vertices coordinates.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-    **/
-    template<typename t, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_point(const CImg<t>& points,
-                        const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
-      if (is_empty() || !points) return *this;
-      switch (points._height) {
-      case 0 : case 1 :
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_point(): Invalid specified point set (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    points._width,points._height,points._depth,points._spectrum,points._data);
-      case 2 : {
-        cimg_forX(points,i) draw_point((int)points(i,0),(int)points(i,1),color,opacity);
-      } break;
-      default : {
-        cimg_forX(points,i) draw_point((int)points(i,0),(int)points(i,1),(int)points(i,2),color,opacity);
-      }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a 2d line.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting line point.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting line point.
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending line point.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending line point.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the line pattern.
-       \param init_hatch Tells if a reinitialization of the hash state must be done.
-       \note
-       - Line routine uses Bresenham's algorithm.
-       - Set \p init_hatch = false to draw consecutive hatched segments without breaking the line pattern.
-       \par Example:
-       \code
-       CImg<unsigned char> img(100,100,1,3,0);
-       const unsigned char color[] = { 255,128,64 };
-        img.draw_line(40,40,80,70,color);
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_line(const int x0, const int y0,
-                       const int x1, const int y1,
-                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
-                       const unsigned int pattern=~0U, const bool init_hatch=true) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (!color)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_line(): Specified color is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      static unsigned int hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
-      if (init_hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
-      const bool xdir = x0<x1, ydir = y0<y1;
-      int
-	nx0 = x0, nx1 = x1, ny0 = y0, ny1 = y1,
-	&xleft = xdir?nx0:nx1, &yleft = xdir?ny0:ny1,
-        &xright = xdir?nx1:nx0, &yright = xdir?ny1:ny0,
-	&xup = ydir?nx0:nx1, &yup = ydir?ny0:ny1,
-        &xdown = ydir?nx1:nx0, &ydown = ydir?ny1:ny0;
-      if (xright<0 || xleft>=width()) return *this;
-      if (xleft<0) { yleft-=(int)((float)xleft*((float)yright - yleft)/((float)xright - xleft)); xleft = 0; }
-      if (xright>=width()) {
-        yright-=(int)(((float)xright - width())*((float)yright - yleft)/((float)xright - xleft));
-        xright = width() - 1;
-      }
-      if (ydown<0 || yup>=height()) return *this;
-      if (yup<0) { xup-=(int)((float)yup*((float)xdown - xup)/((float)ydown - yup)); yup = 0; }
-      if (ydown>=height()) {
-        xdown-=(int)(((float)ydown - height())*((float)xdown - xup)/((float)ydown - yup));
-        ydown = height() - 1;
-      }
-      T *ptrd0 = data(nx0,ny0);
-      int dx = xright - xleft, dy = ydown - yup;
-      const bool steep = dy>dx;
-      if (steep) cimg::swap(nx0,ny0,nx1,ny1,dx,dy);
-      const long
-        offx = (nx0<nx1?1:-1)*(steep?width():1),
-        offy = (ny0<ny1?1:-1)*(steep?1:width());
-      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height;
-      if (opacity>=1) {
-        if (~pattern) for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
-          if (pattern&hatch) {
-            T *ptrd = ptrd0; const tc* col = color;
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)*(col++); ptrd+=wh; }
-          }
-          hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
-          ptrd0+=offx;
-          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
-        } else for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
-          T *ptrd = ptrd0; const tc* col = color; cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)*(col++); ptrd+=wh; }
-          ptrd0+=offx;
-          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
-        }
-      } else {
-        const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-        if (~pattern) for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
-          if (pattern&hatch) {
-            T *ptrd = ptrd0; const tc* col = color;
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity**(col++) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=wh; }
-          }
-          hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
-          ptrd0+=offx;
-          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
-        } else for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
-          T *ptrd = ptrd0; const tc* col = color;
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity**(col++) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=wh; }
-          ptrd0+=offx;
-          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a 2d line, with z-buffering.
-    /**
-       \param zbuffer Zbuffer image.
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting point.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting point.
-       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the starting point
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending point.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending point.
-       \param z1 Z-coordinate of the ending point.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the line pattern.
-       \param init_hatch Tells if a reinitialization of the hash state must be done.
-    **/
-    template<typename tz,typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_line(CImg<tz>& zbuffer,
-                       const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
-                       const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
-                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
-                       const unsigned int pattern=~0U, const bool init_hatch=true) {
-      typedef typename cimg::superset<tz,float>::type tzfloat;
-      if (is_empty() || z0<=0 || z1<=0) return *this;
-      if (!color)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_line(): Specified color is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (!is_sameXY(zbuffer))
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_line(): Instance and specified Z-buffer (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
-                                    "different dimensions.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    zbuffer._width,zbuffer._height,zbuffer._depth,zbuffer._spectrum,zbuffer._data);
-      static unsigned int hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
-      if (init_hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
-      const bool xdir = x0<x1, ydir = y0<y1;
-      int
-        nx0 = x0, nx1 = x1, ny0 = y0, ny1 = y1,
-        &xleft = xdir?nx0:nx1, &yleft = xdir?ny0:ny1,
-        &xright = xdir?nx1:nx0, &yright = xdir?ny1:ny0,
-        &xup = ydir?nx0:nx1, &yup = ydir?ny0:ny1,
-        &xdown = ydir?nx1:nx0, &ydown = ydir?ny1:ny0;
-      tzfloat
-        Z0 = 1/(tzfloat)z0, Z1 = 1/(tzfloat)z1, nz0 = Z0, nz1 = Z1, dz = Z1 - Z0,
-        &zleft = xdir?nz0:nz1,
-        &zright = xdir?nz1:nz0,
-        &zup = ydir?nz0:nz1,
-        &zdown = ydir?nz1:nz0;
-      if (xright<0 || xleft>=width()) return *this;
-      if (xleft<0) {
-        const float D = (float)xright - xleft;
-        yleft-=(int)((float)xleft*((float)yright - yleft)/D);
-        zleft-=(tzfloat)xleft*(zright - zleft)/D;
-        xleft = 0;
-      }
-      if (xright>=width()) {
-        const float d = (float)xright - width(), D = (float)xright - xleft;
-        yright-=(int)(d*((float)yright - yleft)/D);
-        zright-=(tzfloat)d*(zright - zleft)/D;
-        xright = width() - 1;
-      }
-      if (ydown<0 || yup>=height()) return *this;
-      if (yup<0) {
-        const float D = (float)ydown - yup;
-        xup-=(int)((float)yup*((float)xdown - xup)/D);
-        zup-=(tzfloat)yup*(zdown - zup)/D;
-        yup = 0;
-      }
-      if (ydown>=height()) {
-        const float d = (float)ydown - height(), D = (float)ydown - yup;
-        xdown-=(int)(d*((float)xdown - xup)/D);
-        zdown-=(tzfloat)d*(zdown - zup)/D;
-        ydown = height() - 1;
-      }
-      T *ptrd0 = data(nx0,ny0);
-      tz *ptrz = zbuffer.data(nx0,ny0);
-      int dx = xright - xleft, dy = ydown - yup;
-      const bool steep = dy>dx;
-      if (steep) cimg::swap(nx0,ny0,nx1,ny1,dx,dy);
-      const long
-        offx = (nx0<nx1?1:-1)*(steep?width():1),
-        offy = (ny0<ny1?1:-1)*(steep?1:width());
-      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height,
-        ndx = dx>0?dx:1;
-      if (opacity>=1) {
-        if (~pattern) for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
-          const tzfloat z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx;
-          if (z>=(tzfloat)*ptrz && pattern&hatch) {
-            *ptrz = (tz)z;
-            T *ptrd = ptrd0; const tc *col = color;
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)*(col++); ptrd+=wh; }
-          }
-          hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
-          ptrd0+=offx; ptrz+=offx;
-          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; ptrz+=offy; error+=dx; }
-        } else for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
-          const tzfloat z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx;
-          if (z>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-            *ptrz = (tz)z;
-            T *ptrd = ptrd0; const tc *col = color;
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)*(col++); ptrd+=wh; }
-          }
-          ptrd0+=offx; ptrz+=offx;
-          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; ptrz+=offy; error+=dx; }
-        }
-      } else {
-        const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-        if (~pattern) for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
-          const tzfloat z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx;
-          if (z>=(tzfloat)*ptrz && pattern&hatch) {
-            *ptrz = (tz)z;
-            T *ptrd = ptrd0; const tc *col = color;
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity**(col++) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=wh; }
-          }
-          hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
-          ptrd0+=offx; ptrz+=offx;
-          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; ptrz+=offy; error+=dx; }
-        } else for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
-          const tzfloat z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx;
-          if (z>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-            *ptrz = (tz)z;
-            T *ptrd = ptrd0; const tc *col = color;
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity**(col++) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=wh; }
-          }
-          ptrd0+=offx; ptrz+=offx;
-          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; ptrz+=offy; error+=dx; }
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a 3d line.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting point.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting point.
-       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the starting point
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending point.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending point.
-       \param z1 Z-coordinate of the ending point.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the line pattern.
-       \param init_hatch Tells if a reinitialization of the hash state must be done.
-    **/
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_line(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0,
-                       const int x1, const int y1, const int z1,
-                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
-                       const unsigned int pattern=~0U, const bool init_hatch=true) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (!color)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_line(): Specified color is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      static unsigned int hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
-      if (init_hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
-      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nz0 = z0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nz1 = z1;
-      if (nx0>nx1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,nz0,nz1);
-      if (nx1<0 || nx0>=width()) return *this;
-      if (nx0<0) {
-        const float D = 1.0f + nx1 - nx0;
-        ny0-=(int)((float)nx0*(1.0f + ny1 - ny0)/D);
-        nz0-=(int)((float)nx0*(1.0f + nz1 - nz0)/D);
-        nx0 = 0;
-      }
-      if (nx1>=width()) {
-        const float d = (float)nx1 - width(), D = 1.0f + nx1 - nx0;
-        ny1+=(int)(d*(1.0f + ny0 - ny1)/D);
-        nz1+=(int)(d*(1.0f + nz0 - nz1)/D);
-        nx1 = width() - 1;
-      }
-      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,nz0,nz1);
-      if (ny1<0 || ny0>=height()) return *this;
-      if (ny0<0) {
-        const float D = 1.0f + ny1 - ny0;
-        nx0-=(int)((float)ny0*(1.0f + nx1 - nx0)/D);
-        nz0-=(int)((float)ny0*(1.0f + nz1 - nz0)/D);
-        ny0 = 0;
-      }
-      if (ny1>=height()) {
-        const float d = (float)ny1 - height(), D = 1.0f + ny1 - ny0;
-        nx1+=(int)(d*(1.0f + nx0 - nx1)/D);
-        nz1+=(int)(d*(1.0f + nz0 - nz1)/D);
-        ny1 = height() - 1;
-      }
-      if (nz0>nz1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,nz0,nz1);
-      if (nz1<0 || nz0>=depth()) return *this;
-      if (nz0<0) {
-        const float D = 1.0f + nz1 - nz0;
-        nx0-=(int)((float)nz0*(1.0f + nx1 - nx0)/D);
-        ny0-=(int)((float)nz0*(1.0f + ny1 - ny0)/D);
-        nz0 = 0;
-      }
-      if (nz1>=depth()) {
-        const float d = (float)nz1 - depth(), D = 1.0f + nz1 - nz0;
-        nx1+=(int)(d*(1.0f + nx0 - nx1)/D);
-        ny1+=(int)(d*(1.0f + ny0 - ny1)/D);
-        nz1 = depth() - 1;
-      }
-      const unsigned int dmax = cimg::max(cimg::abs(nx1 - nx0),cimg::abs(ny1 - ny0),nz1 - nz0);
-      const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-      const float px = (nx1 - nx0)/(float)dmax, py = (ny1 - ny0)/(float)dmax, pz = (nz1 - nz0)/(float)dmax;
-      float x = (float)nx0, y = (float)ny0, z = (float)nz0;
-      if (opacity>=1) for (unsigned int t = 0; t<=dmax; ++t) {
-        if (!(~pattern) || (~pattern && pattern&hatch)) {
-          T* ptrd = data((unsigned int)x,(unsigned int)y,(unsigned int)z);
-          const tc *col = color; cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)*(col++); ptrd+=whd; }
-        }
-        x+=px; y+=py; z+=pz; if (pattern) { hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1); }
-      } else {
-        const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-        for (unsigned int t = 0; t<=dmax; ++t) {
-          if (!(~pattern) || (~pattern && pattern&hatch)) {
-            T* ptrd = data((unsigned int)x,(unsigned int)y,(unsigned int)z);
-            const tc *col = color; cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*(col++)*nopacity + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=whd; }
-          }
-          x+=px; y+=py; z+=pz; if (pattern) { hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1); }
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a textured 2d line.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting line point.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting line point.
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending line point.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending line point.
-       \param texture Texture image defining the pixel colors.
-       \param tx0 X-coordinate of the starting texture point.
-       \param ty0 Y-coordinate of the starting texture point.
-       \param tx1 X-coordinate of the ending texture point.
-       \param ty1 Y-coordinate of the ending texture point.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the line pattern.
-       \param init_hatch Tells if the hash variable must be reinitialized.
-       \note
-       - Line routine uses the well known Bresenham's algorithm.
-       \par Example:
-       \code
-       CImg<unsigned char> img(100,100,1,3,0), texture("texture256x256.ppm");
-       const unsigned char color[] = { 255,128,64 };
-       img.draw_line(40,40,80,70,texture,0,0,255,255);
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_line(const int x0, const int y0,
-                       const int x1, const int y1,
-                       const CImg<tc>& texture,
-                       const int tx0, const int ty0,
-                       const int tx1, const int ty1,
-                       const float opacity=1,
-                       const unsigned int pattern=~0U, const bool init_hatch=true) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_line(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
-      if (is_overlapped(texture)) return draw_line(x0,y0,x1,y1,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,opacity,pattern,init_hatch);
-      static unsigned int hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
-      if (init_hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
-      const bool xdir = x0<x1, ydir = y0<y1;
-      int
-        dtx = tx1-tx0, dty = ty1-ty0,
-        nx0 = x0, nx1 = x1, ny0 = y0, ny1 = y1,
-        tnx0 = tx0, tnx1 = tx1, tny0 = ty0, tny1 = ty1,
-        &xleft = xdir?nx0:nx1, &yleft = xdir?ny0:ny1, &xright = xdir?nx1:nx0, &yright = xdir?ny1:ny0,
-        &txleft = xdir?tnx0:tnx1, &tyleft = xdir?tny0:tny1, &txright = xdir?tnx1:tnx0, &tyright = xdir?tny1:tny0,
-        &xup = ydir?nx0:nx1, &yup = ydir?ny0:ny1, &xdown = ydir?nx1:nx0, &ydown = ydir?ny1:ny0,
-        &txup = ydir?tnx0:tnx1, &tyup = ydir?tny0:tny1, &txdown = ydir?tnx1:tnx0, &tydown = ydir?tny1:tny0;
-      if (xright<0 || xleft>=width()) return *this;
-      if (xleft<0) {
-        const float D = (float)xright - xleft;
-        yleft-=(int)((float)xleft*((float)yright - yleft)/D);
-        txleft-=(int)((float)xleft*((float)txright - txleft)/D);
-        tyleft-=(int)((float)xleft*((float)tyright - tyleft)/D);
-        xleft = 0;
-      }
-      if (xright>=width()) {
-        const float d = (float)xright - width(), D = (float)xright - xleft;
-        yright-=(int)(d*((float)yright - yleft)/D);
-        txright-=(int)(d*((float)txright - txleft)/D);
-        tyright-=(int)(d*((float)tyright - tyleft)/D);
-        xright = width() - 1;
-      }
-      if (ydown<0 || yup>=height()) return *this;
-      if (yup<0) {
-        const float D = (float)ydown - yup;
-        xup-=(int)((float)yup*((float)xdown - xup)/D);
-        txup-=(int)((float)yup*((float)txdown - txup)/D);
-        tyup-=(int)((float)yup*((float)tydown - tyup)/D);
-        yup = 0;
-      }
-      if (ydown>=height()) {
-        const float d = (float)ydown - height(), D = (float)ydown - yup;
-        xdown-=(int)(d*((float)xdown - xup)/D);
-        txdown-=(int)(d*((float)txdown - txup)/D);
-        tydown-=(int)(d*((float)tydown - tyup)/D);
-        ydown = height() - 1;
-      }
-      T *ptrd0 = data(nx0,ny0);
-      int dx = xright - xleft, dy = ydown - yup;
-      const bool steep = dy>dx;
-      if (steep) cimg::swap(nx0,ny0,nx1,ny1,dx,dy);
-      const long
-        offx = (nx0<nx1?1:-1)*(steep?width():1),
-        offy = (ny0<ny1?1:-1)*(steep?1:width()),
-        ndx = dx>0?dx:1;
-      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height;
-
-      if (opacity>=1) {
-        if (~pattern) for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
-          if (pattern&hatch) {
-            T *ptrd = ptrd0;
-            const int tx = tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)texture(tx,ty,0,c); ptrd+=wh; }
-          }
-          hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
-          ptrd0+=offx;
-          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
-        } else for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
-          T *ptrd = ptrd0;
-          const int tx = tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)texture(tx,ty,0,c); ptrd+=wh; }
-          ptrd0+=offx;
-          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
-        }
-      } else {
-        const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-        if (~pattern) for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
-          T *ptrd = ptrd0;
-          if (pattern&hatch) {
-            const int tx = tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*texture(tx,ty,0,c) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=wh; }
-          }
-          hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
-          ptrd0+=offx;
-          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
-        } else for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
-          T *ptrd = ptrd0;
-          const int tx = tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*texture(tx,ty,0,c) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=wh; }
-          ptrd0+=offx;
-          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a textured 2d line, with perspective correction.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting point.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting point.
-       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the starting point
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending point.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending point.
-       \param z1 Z-coordinate of the ending point.
-       \param texture Texture image defining the pixel colors.
-       \param tx0 X-coordinate of the starting texture point.
-       \param ty0 Y-coordinate of the starting texture point.
-       \param tx1 X-coordinate of the ending texture point.
-       \param ty1 Y-coordinate of the ending texture point.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the line pattern.
-       \param init_hatch Tells if the hash variable must be reinitialized.
-    **/
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_line(const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
-                       const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
-                       const CImg<tc>& texture,
-                       const int tx0, const int ty0,
-                       const int tx1, const int ty1,
-                       const float opacity=1,
-                       const unsigned int pattern=~0U, const bool init_hatch=true) {
-      if (is_empty() && z0<=0 && z1<=0) return *this;
-      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_line(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
-      if (is_overlapped(texture))
-        return draw_line(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,opacity,pattern,init_hatch);
-      static unsigned int hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
-      if (init_hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
-      const bool xdir = x0<x1, ydir = y0<y1;
-      int
-        nx0 = x0, nx1 = x1, ny0 = y0, ny1 = y1,
-        &xleft = xdir?nx0:nx1, &yleft = xdir?ny0:ny1,
-        &xright = xdir?nx1:nx0, &yright = xdir?ny1:ny0,
-        &xup = ydir?nx0:nx1, &yup = ydir?ny0:ny1,
-        &xdown = ydir?nx1:nx0, &ydown = ydir?ny1:ny0;
-      float
-        Tx0 = tx0/z0, Tx1 = tx1/z1,
-        Ty0 = ty0/z0, Ty1 = ty1/z1,
-        Z0 = 1/z0, Z1 = 1/z1,
-        dz = Z1 - Z0, dtx = Tx1 - Tx0, dty = Ty1 - Ty0,
-        tnx0 = Tx0, tnx1 = Tx1, tny0 = Ty0, tny1 = Ty1, nz0 = Z0, nz1 = Z1,
-        &zleft = xdir?nz0:nz1, &txleft = xdir?tnx0:tnx1, &tyleft = xdir?tny0:tny1,
-        &zright = xdir?nz1:nz0, &txright = xdir?tnx1:tnx0, &tyright = xdir?tny1:tny0,
-        &zup = ydir?nz0:nz1, &txup = ydir?tnx0:tnx1, &tyup = ydir?tny0:tny1,
-        &zdown = ydir?nz1:nz0, &txdown = ydir?tnx1:tnx0, &tydown = ydir?tny1:tny0;
-      if (xright<0 || xleft>=width()) return *this;
-      if (xleft<0) {
-        const float D = (float)xright - xleft;
-        yleft-=(int)((float)xleft*((float)yright - yleft)/D);
-        zleft-=(float)xleft*(zright - zleft)/D;
-        txleft-=(float)xleft*(txright - txleft)/D;
-        tyleft-=(float)xleft*(tyright - tyleft)/D;
-        xleft = 0;
-      }
-      if (xright>=width()) {
-        const float d = (float)xright - width(), D = (float)xright - xleft;
-        yright-=(int)(d*((float)yright - yleft)/D);
-        zright-=d*(zright - zleft)/D;
-        txright-=d*(txright - txleft)/D;
-        tyright-=d*(tyright - tyleft)/D;
-        xright = width() - 1;
-      }
-      if (ydown<0 || yup>=height()) return *this;
-      if (yup<0) {
-        const float D = (float)ydown - yup;
-        xup-=(int)((float)yup*((float)xdown - xup)/D);
-        zup-=(float)yup*(zdown - zup)/D;
-        txup-=(float)yup*(txdown - txup)/D;
-        tyup-=(float)yup*(tydown - tyup)/D;
-        yup = 0;
-      }
-      if (ydown>=height()) {
-        const float d = (float)ydown - height(), D = (float)ydown - yup;
-        xdown-=(int)(d*((float)xdown - xup)/D);
-        zdown-=d*(zdown - zup)/D;
-        txdown-=d*(txdown - txup)/D;
-        tydown-=d*(tydown - tyup)/D;
-        ydown = height() - 1;
-      }
-      T *ptrd0 = data(nx0,ny0);
-      int dx = xright - xleft, dy = ydown - yup;
-      const bool steep = dy>dx;
-      if (steep) cimg::swap(nx0,ny0,nx1,ny1,dx,dy);
-      const long
-        offx = (nx0<nx1?1:-1)*(steep?width():1),
-        offy = (ny0<ny1?1:-1)*(steep?1:width()),
-        ndx = dx>0?dx:1;
-      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height;
-
-      if (opacity>=1) {
-        if (~pattern) for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
-          if (pattern&hatch) {
-            const float z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx, tx = Tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = Ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
-            T *ptrd = ptrd0; cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)texture((int)(tx/z),(int)(ty/z),0,c); ptrd+=wh; }
-          }
-          hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
-          ptrd0+=offx;
-          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
-        } else for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
-          const float z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx, tx = Tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = Ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
-          T *ptrd = ptrd0; cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)texture((int)(tx/z),(int)(ty/z),0,c); ptrd+=wh; }
-          ptrd0+=offx;
-          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
-        }
-      } else {
-        const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-        if (~pattern) for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
-          if (pattern&hatch) {
-            const float z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx, tx = Tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = Ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
-            T *ptrd = ptrd0;
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*texture((int)(tx/z),(int)(ty/z),0,c) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=wh;
-            }
-          }
-          hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
-          ptrd0+=offx;
-          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
-        } else for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
-          const float z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx, tx = Tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = Ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
-          T *ptrd = ptrd0;
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*texture((int)(tx/z),(int)(ty/z),0,c) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=wh; }
-          ptrd0+=offx;
-          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a textured 2d line, with perspective correction and z-buffering.
-    /**
-       \param zbuffer Z-buffer image.
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting point.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting point.
-       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the starting point
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending point.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending point.
-       \param z1 Z-coordinate of the ending point.
-       \param texture Texture image defining the pixel colors.
-       \param tx0 X-coordinate of the starting texture point.
-       \param ty0 Y-coordinate of the starting texture point.
-       \param tx1 X-coordinate of the ending texture point.
-       \param ty1 Y-coordinate of the ending texture point.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the line pattern.
-       \param init_hatch Tells if the hash variable must be reinitialized.
-    **/
-    template<typename tz, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_line(CImg<tz>& zbuffer,
-                       const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
-                       const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
-                       const CImg<tc>& texture,
-                       const int tx0, const int ty0,
-                       const int tx1, const int ty1,
-                       const float opacity=1,
-                       const unsigned int pattern=~0U, const bool init_hatch=true) {
-      typedef typename cimg::superset<tz,float>::type tzfloat;
-      if (is_empty() || z0<=0 || z1<=0) return *this;
-      if (!is_sameXY(zbuffer))
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_line(): Instance and specified Z-buffer (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
-                                    "different dimensions.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    zbuffer._width,zbuffer._height,zbuffer._depth,zbuffer._spectrum,zbuffer._data);
-      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_line(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
-      if (is_overlapped(texture))
-        return draw_line(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,opacity,pattern,init_hatch);
-      static unsigned int hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
-      if (init_hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
-      const bool xdir = x0<x1, ydir = y0<y1;
-      int
-        nx0 = x0, nx1 = x1, ny0 = y0, ny1 = y1,
-        &xleft = xdir?nx0:nx1, &yleft = xdir?ny0:ny1,
-        &xright = xdir?nx1:nx0, &yright = xdir?ny1:ny0,
-        &xup = ydir?nx0:nx1, &yup = ydir?ny0:ny1,
-        &xdown = ydir?nx1:nx0, &ydown = ydir?ny1:ny0;
-      float
-        Tx0 = tx0/z0, Tx1 = tx1/z1,
-        Ty0 = ty0/z0, Ty1 = ty1/z1,
-        dtx = Tx1 - Tx0, dty = Ty1 - Ty0,
-        tnx0 = Tx0, tnx1 = Tx1, tny0 = Ty0, tny1 = Ty1,
-        &txleft = xdir?tnx0:tnx1, &tyleft = xdir?tny0:tny1,
-        &txright = xdir?tnx1:tnx0, &tyright = xdir?tny1:tny0,
-        &txup = ydir?tnx0:tnx1, &tyup = ydir?tny0:tny1,
-        &txdown = ydir?tnx1:tnx0, &tydown = ydir?tny1:tny0;
-      tzfloat
-        Z0 = 1/(tzfloat)z0, Z1 = 1/(tzfloat)z1,
-        dz = Z1 - Z0,  nz0 = Z0, nz1 = Z1,
-        &zleft = xdir?nz0:nz1,
-        &zright = xdir?nz1:nz0,
-        &zup = ydir?nz0:nz1,
-        &zdown = ydir?nz1:nz0;
-      if (xright<0 || xleft>=width()) return *this;
-      if (xleft<0) {
-        const float D = (float)xright - xleft;
-        yleft-=(int)((float)xleft*((float)yright - yleft)/D);
-        zleft-=(float)xleft*(zright - zleft)/D;
-        txleft-=(float)xleft*(txright - txleft)/D;
-        tyleft-=(float)xleft*(tyright - tyleft)/D;
-        xleft = 0;
-      }
-      if (xright>=width()) {
-        const float d = (float)xright - width(), D = (float)xright - xleft;
-        yright-=(int)(d*((float)yright - yleft)/D);
-        zright-=d*(zright - zleft)/D;
-        txright-=d*(txright - txleft)/D;
-        tyright-=d*(tyright - tyleft)/D;
-        xright = width()-1;
-      }
-      if (ydown<0 || yup>=height()) return *this;
-      if (yup<0) {
-        const float D = (float)ydown - yup;
-        xup-=(int)((float)yup*((float)xdown - xup)/D);
-        zup-=yup*(zdown - zup)/D;
-        txup-=yup*(txdown - txup)/D;
-        tyup-=yup*(tydown - tyup)/D;
-        yup = 0;
-      }
-      if (ydown>=height()) {
-        const float d = (float)ydown - height(), D = (float)ydown - yup;
-        xdown-=(int)(d*((float)xdown - xup)/D);
-        zdown-=d*(zdown - zup)/D;
-        txdown-=d*(txdown - txup)/D;
-        tydown-=d*(tydown - tyup)/D;
-        ydown = height()-1;
-      }
-      T *ptrd0 = data(nx0,ny0);
-      tz *ptrz = zbuffer.data(nx0,ny0);
-      int dx = xright - xleft, dy = ydown - yup;
-      const bool steep = dy>dx;
-      if (steep) cimg::swap(nx0,ny0,nx1,ny1,dx,dy);
-      const long
-        offx = (nx0<nx1?1:-1)*(steep?width():1),
-        offy = (ny0<ny1?1:-1)*(steep?1:width()),
-        ndx = dx>0?dx:1;
-      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height;
-
-      if (opacity>=1) {
-        if (~pattern) for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
-          if (pattern&hatch) {
-            const tzfloat z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx;
-            if (z>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-              *ptrz = (tz)z;
-              const float tx = Tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = Ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
-              T *ptrd = ptrd0; cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)texture((int)(tx/z),(int)(ty/z),0,c); ptrd+=wh; }
-            }
-          }
-          hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
-          ptrd0+=offx; ptrz+=offx;
-          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; ptrz+=offy; error+=dx; }
-        } else for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
-          const tzfloat z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx;
-          if (z>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-            *ptrz = (tz)z;
-            const float tx = Tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = Ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
-            T *ptrd = ptrd0; cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)texture((int)(tx/z),(int)(ty/z),0,c); ptrd+=wh; }
-          }
-          ptrd0+=offx; ptrz+=offx;
-          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; ptrz+=offy; error+=dx; }
-        }
-      } else {
-        const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-        if (~pattern) for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
-          if (pattern&hatch) {
-            const tzfloat z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx;
-            if (z>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-              *ptrz = (tz)z;
-              const float tx = Tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = Ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
-              T *ptrd = ptrd0;
-              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*texture((int)(tx/z),(int)(ty/z),0,c) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=wh;
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
-          ptrd0+=offx; ptrz+=offx;
-          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; ptrz+=offy; error+=dx; }
-        } else for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
-          const tzfloat z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx;
-          if (z>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-            *ptrz = (tz)z;
-            const float tx = Tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = Ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
-            T *ptrd = ptrd0;
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*texture((int)(tx/z),(int)(ty/z),0,c) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=wh;
-            }
-          }
-          ptrd0+=offx; ptrz+=offx;
-          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; ptrz+=offy; error+=dx; }
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a set of consecutive lines.
-    /**
-       \param points Coordinates of vertices, stored as a list of vectors.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the line pattern.
-       \param init_hatch If set to true, init hatch motif.
-       \note
-       - This function uses several call to the single CImg::draw_line() procedure,
-       depending on the vectors size in \p points.
-    **/
-    template<typename t, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_line(const CImg<t>& points,
-                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
-                       const unsigned int pattern=~0U, const bool init_hatch=true) {
-      if (is_empty() || !points || points._width<2) return *this;
-      bool ninit_hatch = init_hatch;
-      switch (points._height) {
-      case 0 : case 1 :
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_line(): Invalid specified point set (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    points._width,points._height,points._depth,points._spectrum,points._data);
-
-      case 2 : {
-        const int x0 = (int)points(0,0), y0 = (int)points(0,1);
-        int ox = x0, oy = y0;
-        for (unsigned int i = 1; i<points._width; ++i) {
-          const int x = (int)points(i,0), y = (int)points(i,1);
-          draw_line(ox,oy,x,y,color,opacity,pattern,ninit_hatch);
-          ninit_hatch = false;
-          ox = x; oy = y;
-        }
-      } break;
-      default : {
-        const int x0 = (int)points(0,0), y0 = (int)points(0,1), z0 = (int)points(0,2);
-        int ox = x0, oy = y0, oz = z0;
-        for (unsigned int i = 1; i<points._width; ++i) {
-          const int x = (int)points(i,0), y = (int)points(i,1), z = (int)points(i,2);
-          draw_line(ox,oy,oz,x,y,z,color,opacity,pattern,ninit_hatch);
-          ninit_hatch = false;
-          ox = x; oy = y; oz = z;
-        }
-      }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a 2d arrow.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting arrow point (tail).
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting arrow point (tail).
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending arrow point (head).
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending arrow point (head).
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
-       \param angle Aperture angle of the arrow head.
-       \param length Length of the arrow head. If negative, describes a percentage of the arrow length.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the line pattern.
-    **/
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_arrow(const int x0, const int y0,
-                        const int x1, const int y1,
-                        const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
-                        const float angle=30, const float length=-10,
-                        const unsigned int pattern=~0U) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const float u = (float)(x0 - x1), v = (float)(y0 - y1), sq = u*u + v*v,
-        deg = (float)(angle*cimg::PI/180), ang = (sq>0)?(float)std::atan2(v,u):0.0f,
-        l = (length>=0)?length:-length*(float)std::sqrt(sq)/100;
-      if (sq>0) {
-        const float
-            cl = (float)std::cos(ang - deg), sl = (float)std::sin(ang - deg),
-            cr = (float)std::cos(ang + deg), sr = (float)std::sin(ang + deg);
-        const int
-          xl = x1 + (int)(l*cl), yl = y1 + (int)(l*sl),
-          xr = x1 + (int)(l*cr), yr = y1 + (int)(l*sr),
-          xc = x1 + (int)((l+1)*(cl+cr))/2, yc = y1 + (int)((l+1)*(sl+sr))/2;
-        draw_line(x0,y0,xc,yc,color,opacity,pattern).draw_triangle(x1,y1,xl,yl,xr,yr,color,opacity);
-      } else draw_point(x0,y0,color,opacity);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a 2d spline.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting curve point
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting curve point
-       \param u0 X-coordinate of the starting velocity
-       \param v0 Y-coordinate of the starting velocity
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending curve point
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending curve point
-       \param u1 X-coordinate of the ending velocity
-       \param v1 Y-coordinate of the ending velocity
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
-       \param precision Curve drawing precision.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the line pattern.
-       \param init_hatch If \c true, init hatch motif.
-       \note
-       - The curve is a 2d cubic Bezier spline, from the set of specified starting/ending points
-       and corresponding velocity vectors.
-       - The spline is drawn as a serie of connected segments. The \p precision parameter sets the
-       average number of pixels in each drawn segment.
-       - A cubic Bezier curve is sometimes defined by a set of 4 points { (\p x0,\p y0), (\p xa,\p ya),
-         (\p xb,\p yb), (\p x1,\p y1) } where (\p x0,\p y0) is the starting point, (\p x1,\p y1) is the ending point
-         and (\p xa,\p ya), (\p xb,\p yb) are two
-       \e control points.
-       The starting and ending velocities (\p u0,\p v0) and (\p u1,\p v1) can be deduced easily from
-       the control points as
-       \p u0 = (\p xa - \p x0), \p v0 = (\p ya - \p y0), \p u1 = (\p x1 - \p xb) and \p v1 = (\p y1 - \p yb).
-       \par Example:
-       \code
-       CImg<unsigned char> img(100,100,1,3,0);
-       const unsigned char color[] = { 255,255,255 };
-       img.draw_spline(30,30,0,100,90,40,0,-100,color);
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_spline(const int x0, const int y0, const float u0, const float v0,
-                         const int x1, const int y1, const float u1, const float v1,
-                         const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
-                         const float precision=0.25, const unsigned int pattern=~0U,
-                         const bool init_hatch=true) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (!color)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_spline(): Specified color is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (x0==x1 && y0==y1) return draw_point(x0,y0,color,opacity);
-      bool ninit_hatch = init_hatch;
-      const float
-        ax = u0 + u1 + 2*(x0 - x1),
-        bx = 3*(x1 - x0) - 2*u0 - u1,
-        ay = v0 + v1 + 2*(y0 - y1),
-        by = 3*(y1 - y0) - 2*v0 - v1,
-        _precision = 1/(std::sqrt(cimg::sqr((float)x0-x1)+cimg::sqr((float)y0-y1))*(precision>0?precision:1));
-      int ox = x0, oy = y0;
-      for (float t = 0; t<1; t+=_precision) {
-        const float t2 = t*t, t3 = t2*t;
-        const int
-          nx = (int)(ax*t3 + bx*t2 + u0*t + x0),
-          ny = (int)(ay*t3 + by*t2 + v0*t + y0);
-        draw_line(ox,oy,nx,ny,color,opacity,pattern,ninit_hatch);
-        ninit_hatch = false;
-        ox = nx; oy = ny;
-      }
-      return draw_line(ox,oy,x1,y1,color,opacity,pattern,false);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a 3d spline \overloading.
-    /**
-       \note
-       - Similar to CImg::draw_spline() for a 3d spline in a volumetric image.
-    **/
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_spline(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0, const float u0, const float v0, const float w0,
-                         const int x1, const int y1, const int z1, const float u1, const float v1, const float w1,
-                         const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
-                         const float precision=4, const unsigned int pattern=~0U,
-                         const bool init_hatch=true) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (!color)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_spline(): Specified color is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (x0==x1 && y0==y1 && z0==z1) return draw_point(x0,y0,z0,color,opacity);
-      bool ninit_hatch = init_hatch;
-      const float
-        ax = u0 + u1 + 2*(x0 - x1),
-        bx = 3*(x1 - x0) - 2*u0 - u1,
-        ay = v0 + v1 + 2*(y0 - y1),
-        by = 3*(y1 - y0) - 2*v0 - v1,
-        az = w0 + w1 + 2*(z0 - z1),
-        bz = 3*(z1 - z0) - 2*w0 - w1,
-        _precision = 1/(std::sqrt(cimg::sqr(x0-x1)+cimg::sqr(y0-y1))*(precision>0?precision:1));
-      int ox = x0, oy = y0, oz = z0;
-      for (float t = 0; t<1; t+=_precision) {
-        const float t2 = t*t, t3 = t2*t;
-        const int
-          nx = (int)(ax*t3 + bx*t2 + u0*t + x0),
-          ny = (int)(ay*t3 + by*t2 + v0*t + y0),
-          nz = (int)(az*t3 + bz*t2 + w0*t + z0);
-        draw_line(ox,oy,oz,nx,ny,nz,color,opacity,pattern,ninit_hatch);
-        ninit_hatch = false;
-        ox = nx; oy = ny; oz = nz;
-      }
-      return draw_line(ox,oy,oz,x1,y1,z1,color,opacity,pattern,false);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a textured 2d spline.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting curve point
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting curve point
-       \param u0 X-coordinate of the starting velocity
-       \param v0 Y-coordinate of the starting velocity
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending curve point
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending curve point
-       \param u1 X-coordinate of the ending velocity
-       \param v1 Y-coordinate of the ending velocity
-       \param texture Texture image defining line pixel colors.
-       \param tx0 X-coordinate of the starting texture point.
-       \param ty0 Y-coordinate of the starting texture point.
-       \param tx1 X-coordinate of the ending texture point.
-       \param ty1 Y-coordinate of the ending texture point.
-       \param precision Curve drawing precision.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the line pattern.
-       \param init_hatch if \c true, reinit hatch motif.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& draw_spline(const int x0, const int y0, const float u0, const float v0,
-                         const int x1, const int y1, const float u1, const float v1,
-                         const CImg<t>& texture,
-                         const int tx0, const int ty0, const int tx1, const int ty1,
-                         const float opacity=1,
-                         const float precision=4, const unsigned int pattern=~0U,
-                         const bool init_hatch=true) {
-      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_spline(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (is_overlapped(texture))
-        return draw_spline(x0,y0,u0,v0,x1,y1,u1,v1,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,precision,opacity,pattern,init_hatch);
-      if (x0==x1 && y0==y1) return draw_point(x0,y0,texture.get_vector_at(x0,y0),opacity);
-      bool ninit_hatch = init_hatch;
-      const float
-        ax = u0 + u1 + 2*(x0 - x1),
-        bx = 3*(x1 - x0) - 2*u0 - u1,
-        ay = v0 + v1 + 2*(y0 - y1),
-        by = 3*(y1 - y0) - 2*v0 - v1,
-        _precision = 1/(std::sqrt(cimg::sqr(x0-x1)+cimg::sqr(y0-y1))*(precision>0?precision:1));
-      int ox = x0, oy = y0, otx = tx0, oty = ty0;
-      for (float t1 = 0; t1<1; t1+=_precision) {
-        const float t2 = t1*t1, t3 = t2*t1;
-        const int
-          nx = (int)(ax*t3 + bx*t2 + u0*t1 + x0),
-          ny = (int)(ay*t3 + by*t2 + v0*t1 + y0),
-          ntx = tx0 + (int)((tx1-tx0)*t1),
-          nty = ty0 + (int)((ty1-ty0)*t1);
-        draw_line(ox,oy,nx,ny,texture,otx,oty,ntx,nty,opacity,pattern,ninit_hatch);
-        ninit_hatch = false;
-        ox = nx; oy = ny; otx = ntx; oty = nty;
-      }
-      return draw_line(ox,oy,x1,y1,texture,otx,oty,tx1,ty1,opacity,pattern,false);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a set of consecutive splines.
-    /**
-       \param points Vertices data.
-       \param tangents Tangents data.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param is_closed_set Tells if the drawn spline set is closed.
-       \param precision Precision of the drawing.
-       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the line pattern.
-       \param init_hatch If \c true, init hatch motif.
-    **/
-    template<typename tp, typename tt, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_spline(const CImg<tp>& points, const CImg<tt>& tangents,
-                         const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
-                         const bool is_closed_set=false, const float precision=4,
-                         const unsigned int pattern=~0U, const bool init_hatch=true) {
-      if (is_empty() || !points || !tangents || points._width<2 || tangents._width<2) return *this;
-      bool ninit_hatch = init_hatch;
-      switch (points._height) {
-      case 0 : case 1 :
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_spline(): Invalid specified point set (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    points._width,points._height,points._depth,points._spectrum,points._data);
-
-      case 2 : {
-        const int x0 = (int)points(0,0), y0 = (int)points(0,1);
-        const float u0 = (float)tangents(0,0), v0 = (float)tangents(0,1);
-        int ox = x0, oy = y0;
-        float ou = u0, ov = v0;
-        for (unsigned int i = 1; i<points._width; ++i) {
-          const int x = (int)points(i,0), y = (int)points(i,1);
-          const float u = (float)tangents(i,0), v = (float)tangents(i,1);
-          draw_spline(ox,oy,ou,ov,x,y,u,v,color,precision,opacity,pattern,ninit_hatch);
-          ninit_hatch = false;
-          ox = x; oy = y; ou = u; ov = v;
-        }
-        if (is_closed_set) draw_spline(ox,oy,ou,ov,x0,y0,u0,v0,color,precision,opacity,pattern,false);
-      } break;
-      default : {
-        const int x0 = (int)points(0,0), y0 = (int)points(0,1), z0 = (int)points(0,2);
-        const float u0 = (float)tangents(0,0), v0 = (float)tangents(0,1), w0 = (float)tangents(0,2);
-        int ox = x0, oy = y0, oz = z0;
-        float ou = u0, ov = v0, ow = w0;
-        for (unsigned int i = 1; i<points._width; ++i) {
-          const int x = (int)points(i,0), y = (int)points(i,1), z = (int)points(i,2);
-          const float u = (float)tangents(i,0), v = (float)tangents(i,1), w = (float)tangents(i,2);
-          draw_spline(ox,oy,oz,ou,ov,ow,x,y,z,u,v,w,color,opacity,pattern,ninit_hatch);
-          ninit_hatch = false;
-          ox = x; oy = y; oz = z; ou = u; ov = v; ow = w;
-        }
-        if (is_closed_set) draw_spline(ox,oy,oz,ou,ov,ow,x0,y0,z0,u0,v0,w0,color,precision,opacity,pattern,false);
-      }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a set of consecutive splines \overloading.
-    /**
-       Similar to previous function, with the point tangents automatically estimated from the given points set.
-    **/
-    template<typename tp, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_spline(const CImg<tp>& points,
-                         const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
-                         const bool is_closed_set=false, const float precision=4,
-                         const unsigned int pattern=~0U, const bool init_hatch=true) {
-      if (is_empty() || !points || points._width<2) return *this;
-      CImg<Tfloat> tangents;
-      switch (points._height) {
-      case 0 : case 1 :
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_spline(): Invalid specified point set (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    points._width,points._height,points._depth,points._spectrum,points._data);
-      case 2 : {
-        tangents.assign(points._width,points._height);
-        cimg_forX(points,p) {
-          const unsigned int
-            p0 = is_closed_set?(p+points._width-1)%points._width:(p?p-1:0),
-            p1 = is_closed_set?(p+1)%points._width:(p+1<points._width?p+1:p);
-          const float
-            x = (float)points(p,0),
-            y = (float)points(p,1),
-            x0 = (float)points(p0,0),
-            y0 = (float)points(p0,1),
-            x1 = (float)points(p1,0),
-            y1 = (float)points(p1,1),
-            u0 = x - x0,
-            v0 = y - y0,
-            n0 = 1e-8f + (float)std::sqrt(u0*u0 + v0*v0),
-            u1 = x1 - x,
-            v1 = y1 - y,
-            n1 = 1e-8f + (float)std::sqrt(u1*u1 + v1*v1),
-            u = u0/n0 + u1/n1,
-            v = v0/n0 + v1/n1,
-            n = 1e-8f + (float)std::sqrt(u*u + v*v),
-            fact = 0.5f*(n0 + n1);
-          tangents(p,0) = (Tfloat)(fact*u/n);
-          tangents(p,1) = (Tfloat)(fact*v/n);
-        }
-      } break;
-      default : {
-        tangents.assign(points._width,points._height);
-        cimg_forX(points,p) {
-          const unsigned int
-            p0 = is_closed_set?(p+points._width-1)%points._width:(p?p-1:0),
-            p1 = is_closed_set?(p+1)%points._width:(p+1<points._width?p+1:p);
-          const float
-            x = (float)points(p,0),
-            y = (float)points(p,1),
-            z = (float)points(p,2),
-            x0 = (float)points(p0,0),
-            y0 = (float)points(p0,1),
-            z0 = (float)points(p0,2),
-            x1 = (float)points(p1,0),
-            y1 = (float)points(p1,1),
-            z1 = (float)points(p1,2),
-            u0 = x - x0,
-            v0 = y - y0,
-            w0 = z - z0,
-            n0 = 1e-8f + (float)std::sqrt(u0*u0 + v0*v0 + w0*w0),
-            u1 = x1 - x,
-            v1 = y1 - y,
-            w1 = z1 - z,
-            n1 = 1e-8f + (float)std::sqrt(u1*u1 + v1*v1 + w1*w1),
-            u = u0/n0 + u1/n1,
-            v = v0/n0 + v1/n1,
-            w = w0/n0 + w1/n1,
-            n = 1e-8f + (float)std::sqrt(u*u + v*v + w*w),
-            fact = 0.5f*(n0 + n1);
-          tangents(p,0) = (Tfloat)(fact*u/n);
-          tangents(p,1) = (Tfloat)(fact*v/n);
-          tangents(p,2) = (Tfloat)(fact*w/n);
-        }
-      }
-      }
-      return draw_spline(points,tangents,color,opacity,is_closed_set,precision,pattern,init_hatch);
-    }
-
-    // Inner macro for drawing triangles.
-#define _cimg_for_triangle1(img,xl,xr,y,x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2) \
-        for (int y = y0<0?0:y0, \
-               xr = y0>=0?x0:(x0-y0*(x2-x0)/(y2-y0)), \
-               xl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?x1:x0):(x0-y0*(x1-x0)/(y1-y0))):(x1-y1*(x2-x1)/(y2-y1)), \
-               _sxn=1, \
-               _sxr=1, \
-               _sxl=1, \
-               _dxn = x2>x1?x2-x1:(_sxn=-1,x1-x2), \
-               _dxr = x2>x0?x2-x0:(_sxr=-1,x0-x2), \
-               _dxl = x1>x0?x1-x0:(_sxl=-1,x0-x1), \
-               _dyn = y2-y1, \
-               _dyr = y2-y0, \
-               _dyl = y1-y0, \
-               _counter = (_dxn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dxn/_dyn):0, \
-                           _dxr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dxr/_dyr):0, \
-                           _dxl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dxl/_dyl):0, \
-                           cimg::min((int)(img)._height-y-1,y2-y)), \
-               _errn = _dyn/2, \
-               _errr = _dyr/2, \
-               _errl = _dyl/2, \
-               _rxn = _dyn?(x2-x1)/_dyn:0, \
-               _rxr = _dyr?(x2-x0)/_dyr:0, \
-               _rxl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(x1-x0)/_dyl:0): \
-                                       (_errl=_errn, _dxl=_dxn, _dyl=_dyn, _sxl=_sxn, _rxn); \
-             _counter>=0; --_counter, ++y, \
-               xr+=_rxr+((_errr-=_dxr)<0?_errr+=_dyr,_sxr:0), \
-               xl+=(y!=y1)?_rxl+((_errl-=_dxl)<0?(_errl+=_dyl,_sxl):0): \
-                           (_errl=_errn, _dxl=_dxn, _dyl=_dyn, _sxl=_sxn, _rxl=_rxn, x1-xl))
-
-#define _cimg_for_triangle2(img,xl,cl,xr,cr,y,x0,y0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x2,y2,c2) \
-        for (int y = y0<0?0:y0, \
-               xr = y0>=0?x0:(x0-y0*(x2-x0)/(y2-y0)), \
-               cr = y0>=0?c0:(c0-y0*(c2-c0)/(y2-y0)), \
-               xl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?x1:x0):(x0-y0*(x1-x0)/(y1-y0))):(x1-y1*(x2-x1)/(y2-y1)), \
-               cl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?c1:c0):(c0-y0*(c1-c0)/(y1-y0))):(c1-y1*(c2-c1)/(y2-y1)), \
-               _sxn=1, _scn=1, \
-               _sxr=1, _scr=1, \
-               _sxl=1, _scl=1, \
-               _dxn = x2>x1?x2-x1:(_sxn=-1,x1-x2), \
-               _dxr = x2>x0?x2-x0:(_sxr=-1,x0-x2), \
-               _dxl = x1>x0?x1-x0:(_sxl=-1,x0-x1), \
-               _dcn = c2>c1?c2-c1:(_scn=-1,c1-c2), \
-               _dcr = c2>c0?c2-c0:(_scr=-1,c0-c2), \
-               _dcl = c1>c0?c1-c0:(_scl=-1,c0-c1), \
-               _dyn = y2-y1, \
-               _dyr = y2-y0, \
-               _dyl = y1-y0, \
-               _counter =(_dxn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dxn/_dyn):0, \
-                          _dxr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dxr/_dyr):0, \
-                          _dxl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dxl/_dyl):0, \
-                          _dcn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dcn/_dyn):0, \
-                          _dcr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dcr/_dyr):0, \
-                          _dcl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dcl/_dyl):0, \
-                          cimg::min((int)(img)._height-y-1,y2-y)), \
-               _errn = _dyn/2, _errcn = _errn, \
-               _errr = _dyr/2, _errcr = _errr, \
-               _errl = _dyl/2, _errcl = _errl, \
-               _rxn = _dyn?(x2-x1)/_dyn:0, \
-               _rcn = _dyn?(c2-c1)/_dyn:0, \
-               _rxr = _dyr?(x2-x0)/_dyr:0, \
-               _rcr = _dyr?(c2-c0)/_dyr:0, \
-               _rxl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(x1-x0)/_dyl:0): \
-                                       (_errl=_errn, _dxl=_dxn, _dyl=_dyn, _sxl=_sxn, _rxn), \
-               _rcl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(c1-c0)/_dyl:0): \
-                                       (_errcl=_errcn, _dcl=_dcn, _dyl=_dyn, _scl=_scn, _rcn ); \
-             _counter>=0; --_counter, ++y, \
-               xr+=_rxr+((_errr-=_dxr)<0?_errr+=_dyr,_sxr:0), \
-               cr+=_rcr+((_errcr-=_dcr)<0?_errcr+=_dyr,_scr:0), \
-               xl+=(y!=y1)?(cl+=_rcl+((_errcl-=_dcl)<0?(_errcl+=_dyl,_scl):0), \
-      	                   _rxl+((_errl-=_dxl)<0?(_errl+=_dyl,_sxl):0)): \
-               (_errcl=_errcn, _dcl=_dcn, _dyl=_dyn, _scl=_scn, _rcl=_rcn, cl=c1, \
-                _errl=_errn, _dxl=_dxn, _dyl=_dyn, _sxl=_sxn, _rxl=_rxn, x1-xl))
-
-#define _cimg_for_triangle3(img,xl,txl,tyl,xr,txr,tyr,y,x0,y0,tx0,ty0,x1,y1,tx1,ty1,x2,y2,tx2,ty2) \
-        for (int y = y0<0?0:y0, \
-               xr = y0>=0?x0:(x0-y0*(x2-x0)/(y2-y0)), \
-               txr = y0>=0?tx0:(tx0-y0*(tx2-tx0)/(y2-y0)), \
-               tyr = y0>=0?ty0:(ty0-y0*(ty2-ty0)/(y2-y0)), \
-               xl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?x1:x0):(x0-y0*(x1-x0)/(y1-y0))):(x1-y1*(x2-x1)/(y2-y1)), \
-               txl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?tx1:tx0):(tx0-y0*(tx1-tx0)/(y1-y0))):(tx1-y1*(tx2-tx1)/(y2-y1)), \
-               tyl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?ty1:ty0):(ty0-y0*(ty1-ty0)/(y1-y0))):(ty1-y1*(ty2-ty1)/(y2-y1)), \
-               _sxn=1, _stxn=1, _styn=1, \
-               _sxr=1, _stxr=1, _styr=1, \
-               _sxl=1, _stxl=1, _styl=1, \
-               _dxn = x2>x1?x2-x1:(_sxn=-1,x1-x2), \
-               _dxr = x2>x0?x2-x0:(_sxr=-1,x0-x2), \
-               _dxl = x1>x0?x1-x0:(_sxl=-1,x0-x1), \
-               _dtxn = tx2>tx1?tx2-tx1:(_stxn=-1,tx1-tx2), \
-               _dtxr = tx2>tx0?tx2-tx0:(_stxr=-1,tx0-tx2), \
-               _dtxl = tx1>tx0?tx1-tx0:(_stxl=-1,tx0-tx1), \
-               _dtyn = ty2>ty1?ty2-ty1:(_styn=-1,ty1-ty2), \
-               _dtyr = ty2>ty0?ty2-ty0:(_styr=-1,ty0-ty2), \
-               _dtyl = ty1>ty0?ty1-ty0:(_styl=-1,ty0-ty1), \
-               _dyn = y2-y1, \
-               _dyr = y2-y0, \
-               _dyl = y1-y0, \
-               _counter =(_dxn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dxn/_dyn):0, \
-                          _dxr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dxr/_dyr):0, \
-                          _dxl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dxl/_dyl):0, \
-                          _dtxn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dtxn/_dyn):0, \
-                          _dtxr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dtxr/_dyr):0, \
-                          _dtxl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dtxl/_dyl):0, \
-                          _dtyn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dtyn/_dyn):0, \
-                          _dtyr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dtyr/_dyr):0, \
-                          _dtyl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dtyl/_dyl):0, \
-                          cimg::min((int)(img)._height-y-1,y2-y)), \
-               _errn = _dyn/2, _errtxn = _errn, _errtyn = _errn, \
-               _errr = _dyr/2, _errtxr = _errr, _errtyr = _errr, \
-               _errl = _dyl/2, _errtxl = _errl, _errtyl = _errl, \
-               _rxn = _dyn?(x2-x1)/_dyn:0, \
-               _rtxn = _dyn?(tx2-tx1)/_dyn:0, \
-               _rtyn = _dyn?(ty2-ty1)/_dyn:0, \
-               _rxr = _dyr?(x2-x0)/_dyr:0, \
-               _rtxr = _dyr?(tx2-tx0)/_dyr:0, \
-               _rtyr = _dyr?(ty2-ty0)/_dyr:0, \
-               _rxl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(x1-x0)/_dyl:0): \
-                                       (_errl=_errn, _dxl=_dxn, _dyl=_dyn, _sxl=_sxn, _rxn), \
-               _rtxl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(tx1-tx0)/_dyl:0): \
-                                       (_errtxl=_errtxn, _dtxl=_dtxn, _dyl=_dyn, _stxl=_stxn, _rtxn ), \
-               _rtyl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(ty1-ty0)/_dyl:0): \
-                                       (_errtyl=_errtyn, _dtyl=_dtyn, _dyl=_dyn, _styl=_styn, _rtyn ); \
-             _counter>=0; --_counter, ++y, \
-               xr+=_rxr+((_errr-=_dxr)<0?_errr+=_dyr,_sxr:0), \
-               txr+=_rtxr+((_errtxr-=_dtxr)<0?_errtxr+=_dyr,_stxr:0), \
-               tyr+=_rtyr+((_errtyr-=_dtyr)<0?_errtyr+=_dyr,_styr:0), \
-               xl+=(y!=y1)?(txl+=_rtxl+((_errtxl-=_dtxl)<0?(_errtxl+=_dyl,_stxl):0), \
-                            tyl+=_rtyl+((_errtyl-=_dtyl)<0?(_errtyl+=_dyl,_styl):0), \
-                           _rxl+((_errl-=_dxl)<0?(_errl+=_dyl,_sxl):0)): \
-               (_errtxl=_errtxn, _dtxl=_dtxn, _dyl=_dyn, _stxl=_stxn, _rtxl=_rtxn, txl=tx1, \
-                _errtyl=_errtyn, _dtyl=_dtyn, _dyl=_dyn, _styl=_styn, _rtyl=_rtyn, tyl=ty1,\
-                _errl=_errn, _dxl=_dxn, _dyl=_dyn, _sxl=_sxn, _rxl=_rxn, x1-xl))
-
-#define _cimg_for_triangle4(img,xl,cl,txl,tyl,xr,cr,txr,tyr,y,x0,y0,c0,tx0,ty0,x1,y1,c1,tx1,ty1,x2,y2,c2,tx2,ty2) \
-        for (int y = y0<0?0:y0, \
-               xr = y0>=0?x0:(x0-y0*(x2-x0)/(y2-y0)), \
-               cr = y0>=0?c0:(c0-y0*(c2-c0)/(y2-y0)), \
-               txr = y0>=0?tx0:(tx0-y0*(tx2-tx0)/(y2-y0)), \
-               tyr = y0>=0?ty0:(ty0-y0*(ty2-ty0)/(y2-y0)), \
-               xl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?x1:x0):(x0-y0*(x1-x0)/(y1-y0))):(x1-y1*(x2-x1)/(y2-y1)), \
-               cl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?c1:c0):(c0-y0*(c1-c0)/(y1-y0))):(c1-y1*(c2-c1)/(y2-y1)), \
-               txl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?tx1:tx0):(tx0-y0*(tx1-tx0)/(y1-y0))):(tx1-y1*(tx2-tx1)/(y2-y1)), \
-               tyl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?ty1:ty0):(ty0-y0*(ty1-ty0)/(y1-y0))):(ty1-y1*(ty2-ty1)/(y2-y1)), \
-               _sxn=1, _scn=1, _stxn=1, _styn=1, \
-               _sxr=1, _scr=1, _stxr=1, _styr=1, \
-               _sxl=1, _scl=1, _stxl=1, _styl=1, \
-               _dxn = x2>x1?x2-x1:(_sxn=-1,x1-x2), \
-               _dxr = x2>x0?x2-x0:(_sxr=-1,x0-x2), \
-               _dxl = x1>x0?x1-x0:(_sxl=-1,x0-x1), \
-               _dcn = c2>c1?c2-c1:(_scn=-1,c1-c2), \
-               _dcr = c2>c0?c2-c0:(_scr=-1,c0-c2), \
-               _dcl = c1>c0?c1-c0:(_scl=-1,c0-c1), \
-               _dtxn = tx2>tx1?tx2-tx1:(_stxn=-1,tx1-tx2), \
-               _dtxr = tx2>tx0?tx2-tx0:(_stxr=-1,tx0-tx2), \
-               _dtxl = tx1>tx0?tx1-tx0:(_stxl=-1,tx0-tx1), \
-               _dtyn = ty2>ty1?ty2-ty1:(_styn=-1,ty1-ty2), \
-               _dtyr = ty2>ty0?ty2-ty0:(_styr=-1,ty0-ty2), \
-               _dtyl = ty1>ty0?ty1-ty0:(_styl=-1,ty0-ty1), \
-               _dyn = y2-y1, \
-               _dyr = y2-y0, \
-               _dyl = y1-y0, \
-               _counter =(_dxn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dxn/_dyn):0, \
-                          _dxr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dxr/_dyr):0, \
-                          _dxl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dxl/_dyl):0, \
-                          _dcn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dcn/_dyn):0, \
-                          _dcr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dcr/_dyr):0, \
-                          _dcl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dcl/_dyl):0, \
-                          _dtxn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dtxn/_dyn):0, \
-                          _dtxr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dtxr/_dyr):0, \
-                          _dtxl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dtxl/_dyl):0, \
-                          _dtyn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dtyn/_dyn):0, \
-                          _dtyr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dtyr/_dyr):0, \
-                          _dtyl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dtyl/_dyl):0, \
-                          cimg::min((int)(img)._height-y-1,y2-y)), \
-               _errn = _dyn/2, _errcn = _errn, _errtxn = _errn, _errtyn = _errn, \
-               _errr = _dyr/2, _errcr = _errr, _errtxr = _errr, _errtyr = _errr, \
-               _errl = _dyl/2, _errcl = _errl, _errtxl = _errl, _errtyl = _errl, \
-               _rxn = _dyn?(x2-x1)/_dyn:0, \
-               _rcn = _dyn?(c2-c1)/_dyn:0, \
-               _rtxn = _dyn?(tx2-tx1)/_dyn:0, \
-               _rtyn = _dyn?(ty2-ty1)/_dyn:0, \
-               _rxr = _dyr?(x2-x0)/_dyr:0, \
-               _rcr = _dyr?(c2-c0)/_dyr:0, \
-               _rtxr = _dyr?(tx2-tx0)/_dyr:0, \
-               _rtyr = _dyr?(ty2-ty0)/_dyr:0, \
-               _rxl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(x1-x0)/_dyl:0): \
-                                       (_errl=_errn, _dxl=_dxn, _dyl=_dyn, _sxl=_sxn, _rxn), \
-               _rcl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(c1-c0)/_dyl:0): \
-                                       (_errcl=_errcn, _dcl=_dcn, _dyl=_dyn, _scl=_scn, _rcn ), \
-               _rtxl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(tx1-tx0)/_dyl:0): \
-                                        (_errtxl=_errtxn, _dtxl=_dtxn, _dyl=_dyn, _stxl=_stxn, _rtxn ), \
-               _rtyl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(ty1-ty0)/_dyl:0): \
-                                        (_errtyl=_errtyn, _dtyl=_dtyn, _dyl=_dyn, _styl=_styn, _rtyn ); \
-             _counter>=0; --_counter, ++y, \
-               xr+=_rxr+((_errr-=_dxr)<0?_errr+=_dyr,_sxr:0), \
-               cr+=_rcr+((_errcr-=_dcr)<0?_errcr+=_dyr,_scr:0), \
-               txr+=_rtxr+((_errtxr-=_dtxr)<0?_errtxr+=_dyr,_stxr:0), \
-               tyr+=_rtyr+((_errtyr-=_dtyr)<0?_errtyr+=_dyr,_styr:0), \
-               xl+=(y!=y1)?(cl+=_rcl+((_errcl-=_dcl)<0?(_errcl+=_dyl,_scl):0), \
-                            txl+=_rtxl+((_errtxl-=_dtxl)<0?(_errtxl+=_dyl,_stxl):0), \
-                            tyl+=_rtyl+((_errtyl-=_dtyl)<0?(_errtyl+=_dyl,_styl):0), \
-                            _rxl+((_errl-=_dxl)<0?(_errl+=_dyl,_sxl):0)): \
-               (_errcl=_errcn, _dcl=_dcn, _dyl=_dyn, _scl=_scn, _rcl=_rcn, cl=c1, \
-                _errtxl=_errtxn, _dtxl=_dtxn, _dyl=_dyn, _stxl=_stxn, _rtxl=_rtxn, txl=tx1, \
-                _errtyl=_errtyn, _dtyl=_dtyn, _dyl=_dyn, _styl=_styn, _rtyl=_rtyn, tyl=ty1, \
-                _errl=_errn, _dxl=_dxn, _dyl=_dyn, _sxl=_sxn, _rxl=_rxn, x1-xl))
-
-#define _cimg_for_triangle5(img,xl,txl,tyl,lxl,lyl,xr,txr,tyr,lxr,lyr,y,x0,y0,\
-                            tx0,ty0,lx0,ly0,x1,y1,tx1,ty1,lx1,ly1,x2,y2,tx2,ty2,lx2,ly2) \
-        for (int y = y0<0?0:y0, \
-               xr = y0>=0?x0:(x0-y0*(x2-x0)/(y2-y0)), \
-               txr = y0>=0?tx0:(tx0-y0*(tx2-tx0)/(y2-y0)), \
-               tyr = y0>=0?ty0:(ty0-y0*(ty2-ty0)/(y2-y0)), \
-               lxr = y0>=0?lx0:(lx0-y0*(lx2-lx0)/(y2-y0)), \
-               lyr = y0>=0?ly0:(ly0-y0*(ly2-ly0)/(y2-y0)), \
-               xl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?x1:x0):(x0-y0*(x1-x0)/(y1-y0))):(x1-y1*(x2-x1)/(y2-y1)), \
-               txl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?tx1:tx0):(tx0-y0*(tx1-tx0)/(y1-y0))):(tx1-y1*(tx2-tx1)/(y2-y1)), \
-               tyl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?ty1:ty0):(ty0-y0*(ty1-ty0)/(y1-y0))):(ty1-y1*(ty2-ty1)/(y2-y1)), \
-               lxl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?lx1:lx0):(lx0-y0*(lx1-lx0)/(y1-y0))):(lx1-y1*(lx2-lx1)/(y2-y1)), \
-               lyl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?ly1:ly0):(ly0-y0*(ly1-ly0)/(y1-y0))):(ly1-y1*(ly2-ly1)/(y2-y1)), \
-               _sxn=1, _stxn=1, _styn=1, _slxn=1, _slyn=1, \
-               _sxr=1, _stxr=1, _styr=1, _slxr=1, _slyr=1, \
-               _sxl=1, _stxl=1, _styl=1, _slxl=1, _slyl=1, \
-               _dxn = x2>x1?x2-x1:(_sxn=-1,x1-x2), _dyn = y2-y1, \
-               _dxr = x2>x0?x2-x0:(_sxr=-1,x0-x2), _dyr = y2-y0, \
-               _dxl = x1>x0?x1-x0:(_sxl=-1,x0-x1), _dyl = y1-y0, \
-               _dtxn = tx2>tx1?tx2-tx1:(_stxn=-1,tx1-tx2), \
-               _dtxr = tx2>tx0?tx2-tx0:(_stxr=-1,tx0-tx2), \
-               _dtxl = tx1>tx0?tx1-tx0:(_stxl=-1,tx0-tx1), \
-               _dtyn = ty2>ty1?ty2-ty1:(_styn=-1,ty1-ty2), \
-               _dtyr = ty2>ty0?ty2-ty0:(_styr=-1,ty0-ty2), \
-               _dtyl = ty1>ty0?ty1-ty0:(_styl=-1,ty0-ty1), \
-               _dlxn = lx2>lx1?lx2-lx1:(_slxn=-1,lx1-lx2), \
-               _dlxr = lx2>lx0?lx2-lx0:(_slxr=-1,lx0-lx2), \
-               _dlxl = lx1>lx0?lx1-lx0:(_slxl=-1,lx0-lx1), \
-               _dlyn = ly2>ly1?ly2-ly1:(_slyn=-1,ly1-ly2), \
-               _dlyr = ly2>ly0?ly2-ly0:(_slyr=-1,ly0-ly2), \
-               _dlyl = ly1>ly0?ly1-ly0:(_slyl=-1,ly0-ly1), \
-               _counter =(_dxn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dxn/_dyn):0, \
-                          _dxr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dxr/_dyr):0, \
-                          _dxl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dxl/_dyl):0, \
-                          _dtxn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dtxn/_dyn):0, \
-                          _dtxr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dtxr/_dyr):0, \
-                          _dtxl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dtxl/_dyl):0, \
-                          _dtyn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dtyn/_dyn):0, \
-                          _dtyr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dtyr/_dyr):0, \
-                          _dtyl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dtyl/_dyl):0, \
-                          _dlxn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dlxn/_dyn):0, \
-                          _dlxr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dlxr/_dyr):0, \
-                          _dlxl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dlxl/_dyl):0, \
-                          _dlyn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dlyn/_dyn):0, \
-                          _dlyr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dlyr/_dyr):0, \
-                          _dlyl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dlyl/_dyl):0, \
-                          cimg::min((int)(img)._height-y-1,y2-y)), \
-               _errn = _dyn/2, _errtxn = _errn, _errtyn = _errn, _errlxn = _errn, _errlyn = _errn, \
-               _errr = _dyr/2, _errtxr = _errr, _errtyr = _errr, _errlxr = _errr, _errlyr = _errr, \
-               _errl = _dyl/2, _errtxl = _errl, _errtyl = _errl, _errlxl = _errl, _errlyl = _errl, \
-               _rxn = _dyn?(x2-x1)/_dyn:0, \
-               _rtxn = _dyn?(tx2-tx1)/_dyn:0, \
-               _rtyn = _dyn?(ty2-ty1)/_dyn:0, \
-               _rlxn = _dyn?(lx2-lx1)/_dyn:0, \
-               _rlyn = _dyn?(ly2-ly1)/_dyn:0, \
-               _rxr = _dyr?(x2-x0)/_dyr:0, \
-               _rtxr = _dyr?(tx2-tx0)/_dyr:0, \
-               _rtyr = _dyr?(ty2-ty0)/_dyr:0, \
-               _rlxr = _dyr?(lx2-lx0)/_dyr:0, \
-               _rlyr = _dyr?(ly2-ly0)/_dyr:0, \
-               _rxl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(x1-x0)/_dyl:0): \
-                                       (_errl=_errn, _dxl=_dxn, _dyl=_dyn, _sxl=_sxn, _rxn), \
-               _rtxl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(tx1-tx0)/_dyl:0): \
-                                        (_errtxl=_errtxn, _dtxl=_dtxn, _dyl=_dyn, _stxl=_stxn, _rtxn ), \
-               _rtyl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(ty1-ty0)/_dyl:0): \
-                                        (_errtyl=_errtyn, _dtyl=_dtyn, _dyl=_dyn, _styl=_styn, _rtyn ), \
-               _rlxl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(lx1-lx0)/_dyl:0): \
-                                        (_errlxl=_errlxn, _dlxl=_dlxn, _dyl=_dyn, _slxl=_slxn, _rlxn ), \
-               _rlyl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(ly1-ly0)/_dyl:0): \
-                                        (_errlyl=_errlyn, _dlyl=_dlyn, _dyl=_dyn, _slyl=_slyn, _rlyn ); \
-             _counter>=0; --_counter, ++y, \
-               xr+=_rxr+((_errr-=_dxr)<0?_errr+=_dyr,_sxr:0), \
-               txr+=_rtxr+((_errtxr-=_dtxr)<0?_errtxr+=_dyr,_stxr:0), \
-               tyr+=_rtyr+((_errtyr-=_dtyr)<0?_errtyr+=_dyr,_styr:0), \
-               lxr+=_rlxr+((_errlxr-=_dlxr)<0?_errlxr+=_dyr,_slxr:0), \
-               lyr+=_rlyr+((_errlyr-=_dlyr)<0?_errlyr+=_dyr,_slyr:0), \
-               xl+=(y!=y1)?(txl+=_rtxl+((_errtxl-=_dtxl)<0?(_errtxl+=_dyl,_stxl):0), \
-                            tyl+=_rtyl+((_errtyl-=_dtyl)<0?(_errtyl+=_dyl,_styl):0), \
-                            lxl+=_rlxl+((_errlxl-=_dlxl)<0?(_errlxl+=_dyl,_slxl):0), \
-                            lyl+=_rlyl+((_errlyl-=_dlyl)<0?(_errlyl+=_dyl,_slyl):0), \
-                            _rxl+((_errl-=_dxl)<0?(_errl+=_dyl,_sxl):0)): \
-               (_errtxl=_errtxn, _dtxl=_dtxn, _dyl=_dyn, _stxl=_stxn, _rtxl=_rtxn, txl=tx1, \
-                _errtyl=_errtyn, _dtyl=_dtyn, _dyl=_dyn, _styl=_styn, _rtyl=_rtyn, tyl=ty1, \
-                _errlxl=_errlxn, _dlxl=_dlxn, _dyl=_dyn, _slxl=_slxn, _rlxl=_rlxn, lxl=lx1, \
-                _errlyl=_errlyn, _dlyl=_dlyn, _dyl=_dyn, _slyl=_slyn, _rlyl=_rlyn, lyl=ly1, \
-                _errl=_errn, _dxl=_dxn, _dyl=_dyn, _sxl=_sxn, _rxl=_rxn, x1-xl))
-
-    // [internal] Draw a filled triangle.
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& _draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0,
-                            const int x1, const int y1,
-                            const int x2, const int y2,
-                            const tc *const color, const float opacity,
-                            const float brightness) {
-      cimg_init_scanline(color,opacity);
-      const float nbrightness = brightness<0?0:(brightness>2?2:brightness);
-      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2;
-      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1);
-      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2);
-      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2);
-      if (ny0<height() && ny2>=0) {
-        if ((nx1 - nx0)*(ny2 - ny0) - (nx2 - nx0)*(ny1 - ny0)<0)
-          _cimg_for_triangle1(*this,xl,xr,y,nx0,ny0,nx1,ny1,nx2,ny2)
-            cimg_draw_scanline(xl,xr,y,color,opacity,nbrightness);
-        else
-          _cimg_for_triangle1(*this,xl,xr,y,nx0,ny0,nx1,ny1,nx2,ny2)
-            cimg_draw_scanline(xr,xl,y,color,opacity,nbrightness);
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a filled 2d triangle.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the first vertex.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex.
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the second vertex.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex.
-       \param x2 X-coordinate of the third vertex.
-       \param y2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-     **/
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0,
-                           const int x1, const int y1,
-                           const int x2, const int y2,
-                           const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (!color)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Specified color is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      _draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,color,opacity,1);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a outlined 2d triangle.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the first vertex.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex.
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the second vertex.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex.
-       \param x2 X-coordinate of the third vertex.
-       \param y2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the outline pattern.
-     **/
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0,
-                           const int x1, const int y1,
-                           const int x2, const int y2,
-                           const tc *const color, const float opacity,
-                           const unsigned int pattern) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (!color)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Specified color is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      draw_line(x0,y0,x1,y1,color,opacity,pattern,true).
-        draw_line(x1,y1,x2,y2,color,opacity,pattern,false).
-        draw_line(x2,y2,x0,y0,color,opacity,pattern,false);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a filled 2d triangle, with z-buffering.
-    /**
-       \param zbuffer Z-buffer image.
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the first vertex.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex.
-       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the first vertex.
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the second vertex.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex.
-       \param z1 Z-coordinate of the second vertex.
-       \param x2 X-coordinate of the third vertex.
-       \param y2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex.
-       \param z2 Z-coordinate of the third vertex.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param brightness Brightness factor.
-    **/
-    template<typename tz, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(CImg<tz>& zbuffer,
-                           const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
-                           const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
-                           const int x2, const int y2, const float z2,
-                           const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
-                           const float brightness=1) {
-      typedef typename cimg::superset<tz,float>::type tzfloat;
-      if (is_empty() || z0<=0 || z1<=0 || z2<=0) return *this;
-      if (!color)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Specified color is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (!is_sameXY(zbuffer))
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Instance and specified Z-buffer (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
-                                    "different dimensions.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    zbuffer._width,zbuffer._height,zbuffer._depth,zbuffer._spectrum,zbuffer._data);
-      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
-      const float
-        nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0),
-        nbrightness = brightness<0?0:(brightness>2?2:brightness);
-      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, offx = _spectrum*whd;
-      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2;
-      tzfloat nz0 = 1/(tzfloat)z0, nz1 = 1/(tzfloat)z1, nz2 = 1/(tzfloat)z2;
-      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,nz0,nz1);
-      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,nz0,nz2);
-      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,nz1,nz2);
-      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
-      tzfloat
-        pzl = (nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0),
-        pzr = (nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0),
-        pzn = (nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1),
-        zr = ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
-        zl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0))):(pzl=pzn,(nz1 - ny1*(nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
-      _cimg_for_triangle1(*this,xleft0,xright0,y,nx0,ny0,nx1,ny1,nx2,ny2) {
-        if (y==ny1) { zl = nz1; pzl = pzn; }
-        int xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0;
-        tzfloat zleft = zl, zright = zr;
-        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,zleft,zright);
-        const int dx = xright - xleft;
-        const tzfloat pentez = (zright - zleft)/dx;
-        if (xleft<0 && dx) zleft-=xleft*(zright - zleft)/dx;
-        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
-        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width() - 1;
-        T* ptrd = data(xleft,y,0,0);
-        tz *ptrz = zbuffer.data(xleft,y);
-        if (opacity>=1) {
-          if (nbrightness==1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
-              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
-              const tc *col = color; cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)*(col++); ptrd+=whd; }
-              ptrd-=offx;
-            }
-            zleft+=pentez;
-          } else if (nbrightness<1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
-              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
-              const tc *col = color; cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nbrightness*(*col++)); ptrd+=whd; }
-              ptrd-=offx;
-            }
-            zleft+=pentez;
-          } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
-              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
-              const tc *col = color;
-              cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)((2-nbrightness)**(col++) + (nbrightness-1)*maxval); ptrd+=whd; }
-              ptrd-=offx;
-            }
-            zleft+=pentez;
-          }
-        } else {
-          if (nbrightness==1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
-              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
-              const tc *col = color; cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity**(col++) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=whd; }
-              ptrd-=offx;
-            }
-            zleft+=pentez;
-          } else if (nbrightness<1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
-              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
-              const tc *col = color;
-              cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*nbrightness**(col++) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=whd; }
-              ptrd-=offx;
-            }
-            zleft+=pentez;
-          } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
-              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
-              const tc *col = color;
-              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                const T val = (T)((2-nbrightness)**(col++) + (nbrightness-1)*maxval);
-                *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
-                ptrd+=whd;
-              }
-              ptrd-=offx;
-            }
-            zleft+=pentez;
-          }
-        }
-        zr+=pzr; zl+=pzl;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a Gouraud-shaded 2d triangle.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
-       \param x2 X-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
-       \param y2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
-       \param brightness0 Brightness factor of the first vertex (in [0,2]).
-       \param brightness1 brightness factor of the second vertex (in [0,2]).
-       \param brightness2 brightness factor of the third vertex (in [0,2]).
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-    **/
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0,
-                           const int x1, const int y1,
-                           const int x2, const int y2,
-                           const tc *const color,
-                           const float brightness0,
-                           const float brightness1,
-                           const float brightness2,
-                           const float opacity=1) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (!color)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Specified color is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
-      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, offx = _spectrum*whd-1;
-      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2,
-        nc0 = (int)((brightness0<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness0>2.0f?2.0f:brightness0))*256.0f),
-        nc1 = (int)((brightness1<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness1>2.0f?2.0f:brightness1))*256.0f),
-        nc2 = (int)((brightness2<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness2>2.0f?2.0f:brightness2))*256.0f);
-      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,nc0,nc1);
-      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,nc0,nc2);
-      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,nc1,nc2);
-      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
-      _cimg_for_triangle2(*this,xleft0,cleft0,xright0,cright0,y,nx0,ny0,nc0,nx1,ny1,nc1,nx2,ny2,nc2) {
-        int xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0, cleft = cleft0, cright = cright0;
-        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,cleft,cright);
-        const int
-          dx = xright - xleft,
-          dc = cright>cleft?cright - cleft:cleft - cright,
-          rc = dx?(cright - cleft)/dx:0,
-          sc = cright>cleft?1:-1,
-          ndc = dc-(dx?dx*(dc/dx):0);
-        int errc = dx>>1;
-        if (xleft<0 && dx) cleft-=xleft*(cright - cleft)/dx;
-        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
-        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width() - 1;
-        T* ptrd = data(xleft,y);
-        if (opacity>=1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-          const tc *col = color;
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            *ptrd = (T)(cleft<256?cleft**(col++)/256:((512-cleft)**(col++)+(cleft-256)*maxval)/256);
-            ptrd+=whd;
-          }
-          ptrd-=offx;
-          cleft+=rc+((errc-=ndc)<0?errc+=dx,sc:0);
-        } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-          const tc *col = color;
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            const T val = (T)(cleft<256?cleft**(col++)/256:((512-cleft)**(col++)+(cleft-256)*maxval)/256);
-            *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
-            ptrd+=whd;
-          }
-          ptrd-=offx;
-          cleft+=rc+((errc-=ndc)<0?errc+=dx,sc:0);
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a Gouraud-shaded 2d triangle, with z-buffering \overloading.
-    template<typename tz, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(CImg<tz>& zbuffer,
-                           const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
-                           const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
-                           const int x2, const int y2, const float z2,
-                           const tc *const color,
-                           const float brightness0,
-                           const float brightness1,
-                           const float brightness2,
-                           const float opacity=1) {
-      typedef typename cimg::superset<tz,float>::type tzfloat;
-      if (is_empty() || z0<=0 || z1<=0 || z2<=0) return *this;
-      if (!color)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Specified color is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (!is_sameXY(zbuffer))
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Instance and specified Z-buffer (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
-                                    "different dimensions.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    zbuffer._width,zbuffer._height,zbuffer._depth,zbuffer._spectrum,zbuffer._data);
-      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
-      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, offx = _spectrum*whd;
-      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2,
-        nc0 = (int)((brightness0<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness0>2.0f?2.0f:brightness0))*256.0f),
-        nc1 = (int)((brightness1<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness1>2.0f?2.0f:brightness1))*256.0f),
-        nc2 = (int)((brightness2<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness2>2.0f?2.0f:brightness2))*256.0f);
-      tzfloat nz0 = 1/(tzfloat)z0, nz1 = 1/(tzfloat)z1, nz2 = 1/(tzfloat)z2;
-      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,nz0,nz1,nc0,nc1);
-      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,nz0,nz2,nc0,nc2);
-      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,nz1,nz2,nc1,nc2);
-      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
-      tzfloat
-        pzl = (nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0),
-        pzr = (nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0),
-        pzn = (nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1),
-        zr = ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
-        zl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0))):(pzl=pzn,(nz1 - ny1*(nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
-      _cimg_for_triangle2(*this,xleft0,cleft0,xright0,cright0,y,nx0,ny0,nc0,nx1,ny1,nc1,nx2,ny2,nc2) {
-        if (y==ny1) { zl = nz1; pzl = pzn; }
-        int xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0, cleft = cleft0, cright = cright0;
-        tzfloat zleft = zl, zright = zr;
-        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,zleft,zright,cleft,cright);
-        const int
-          dx = xright - xleft,
-          dc = cright>cleft?cright - cleft:cleft - cright,
-          rc = dx?(cright-cleft)/dx:0,
-          sc = cright>cleft?1:-1,
-          ndc = dc-(dx?dx*(dc/dx):0);
-        const tzfloat pentez = (zright - zleft)/dx;
-        int errc = dx>>1;
-        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
-          cleft-=xleft*(cright - cleft)/dx;
-          zleft-=xleft*(zright - zleft)/dx;
-        }
-        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
-        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
-        T *ptrd = data(xleft,y);
-        tz *ptrz = zbuffer.data(xleft,y);
-        if (opacity>=1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrd, ++ptrz) {
-            if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-              *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
-              const tc *col = color;
-              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                *ptrd = (T)(cleft<256?cleft**(col++)/256:((512-cleft)**(col++)+(cleft-256)*maxval)/256);
-                ptrd+=whd;
-              }
-              ptrd-=offx;
-            }
-            zleft+=pentez;
-            cleft+=rc+((errc-=ndc)<0?errc+=dx,sc:0);
-          } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrd, ++ptrz) {
-            if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-              *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
-              const tc *col = color;
-              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                const T val = (T)(cleft<256?cleft**(col++)/256:((512-cleft)**(col++)+(cleft-256)*maxval)/256);
-                *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
-                ptrd+=whd;
-              }
-              ptrd-=offx;
-            }
-            zleft+=pentez;
-            cleft+=rc+((errc-=ndc)<0?errc+=dx,sc:0);
-          }
-        zr+=pzr; zl+=pzl;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a color-interpolated 2d triangle.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
-       \param x2 X-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
-       \param y2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
-       \param color1 Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the color of the first vertex.
-       \param color2 Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the color of the seconf vertex.
-       \param color3 Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the color of the third vertex.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-     **/
-    template<typename tc1, typename tc2, typename tc3>
-    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0,
-                           const int x1, const int y1,
-                           const int x2, const int y2,
-                           const tc1 *const color1,
-                           const tc2 *const color2,
-                           const tc3 *const color3,
-                           const float opacity=1) {
-      const unsigned char one = 1;
-      cimg_forC(*this,c)
-        get_shared_channel(c).draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,&one,color1[c],color2[c],color3[c],opacity);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a textured 2d triangle.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
-       \param x2 X-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
-       \param y2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
-       \param texture Texture image used to fill the triangle.
-       \param tx0 X-coordinate of the first vertex in the texture image.
-       \param ty0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex in the texture image.
-       \param tx1 X-coordinate of the second vertex in the texture image.
-       \param ty1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex in the texture image.
-       \param tx2 X-coordinate of the third vertex in the texture image.
-       \param ty2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex in the texture image.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param brightness Brightness factor of the drawing (in [0,2]).
-    **/
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0,
-                           const int x1, const int y1,
-                           const int x2, const int y2,
-                           const CImg<tc>& texture,
-                           const int tx0, const int ty0,
-                           const int tx1, const int ty1,
-                           const int tx2, const int ty2,
-                           const float opacity=1,
-                           const float brightness=1) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
-      if (is_overlapped(texture))
-        return draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity,brightness);
-      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
-      const float
-        nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0),
-        nbrightness = brightness<0?0:(brightness>2?2:brightness);
-      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, twhd = (long)texture._width*texture._height*texture._depth,
-        offx = _spectrum*whd-1;
-      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2,
-        ntx0 = tx0, nty0 = ty0, ntx1 = tx1, nty1 = ty1, ntx2 = tx2, nty2 = ty2;
-      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,ntx0,ntx1,nty0,nty1);
-      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,ntx0,ntx2,nty0,nty2);
-      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,ntx1,ntx2,nty1,nty2);
-      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
-      _cimg_for_triangle3(*this,xleft0,txleft0,tyleft0,xright0,txright0,tyright0,y,
-                          nx0,ny0,ntx0,nty0,nx1,ny1,ntx1,nty1,nx2,ny2,ntx2,nty2) {
-        int
-          xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0,
-          txleft = txleft0, txright = txright0,
-          tyleft = tyleft0, tyright = tyright0;
-        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,txleft,txright,tyleft,tyright);
-        const int
-          dx = xright - xleft,
-          dtx = txright>txleft?txright - txleft:txleft - txright,
-          dty = tyright>tyleft?tyright - tyleft:tyleft - tyright,
-          rtx = dx?(txright - txleft)/dx:0,
-          rty = dx?(tyright - tyleft)/dx:0,
-          stx = txright>txleft?1:-1,
-          sty = tyright>tyleft?1:-1,
-          ndtx = dtx - (dx?dx*(dtx/dx):0),
-          ndty = dty - (dx?dx*(dty/dx):0);
-        int errtx = dx>>1, errty = errtx;
-        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
-          txleft-=xleft*(txright - txleft)/dx;
-          tyleft-=xleft*(tyright - tyleft)/dx;
-        }
-        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
-        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
-        T* ptrd = data(xleft,y,0,0);
-        if (opacity>=1) {
-          if (nbrightness==1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-            const tc *col = texture.data(txleft,tyleft);
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              *ptrd = (T)*col;
-              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-            }
-            ptrd-=offx;
-            txleft+=rtx+((errtx-=ndtx)<0?errtx+=dx,stx:0);
-            tyleft+=rty+((errty-=ndty)<0?errty+=dx,sty:0);
-          } else if (nbrightness<1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-            const tc *col = texture.data(txleft,tyleft);
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              *ptrd = (T)(nbrightness**col);
-              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-            }
-            ptrd-=offx;
-            txleft+=rtx+((errtx-=ndtx)<0?errtx+=dx,stx:0);
-            tyleft+=rty+((errty-=ndty)<0?errty+=dx,sty:0);
-          } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-            const tc *col = texture.data(txleft,tyleft);
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              *ptrd = (T)((2-nbrightness)**(col++) + (nbrightness-1)*maxval);
-              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-            }
-            ptrd-=offx;
-            txleft+=rtx+((errtx-=ndtx)<0?errtx+=dx,stx:0);
-            tyleft+=rty+((errty-=ndty)<0?errty+=dx,sty:0);
-          }
-        } else {
-          if (nbrightness==1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-            const tc *col = texture.data(txleft,tyleft);
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              *ptrd = (T)(nopacity**col + *ptrd*copacity);
-              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-            }
-            ptrd-=offx;
-            txleft+=rtx+((errtx-=ndtx)<0?errtx+=dx,stx:0);
-            tyleft+=rty+((errty-=ndty)<0?errty+=dx,sty:0);
-          } else if (nbrightness<1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-            const tc *col = texture.data(txleft,tyleft);
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*nbrightness**col + *ptrd*copacity);
-              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-            }
-            ptrd-=offx;
-            txleft+=rtx+((errtx-=ndtx)<0?errtx+=dx,stx:0);
-            tyleft+=rty+((errty-=ndty)<0?errty+=dx,sty:0);
-          } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-            const tc *col = texture.data(txleft,tyleft);
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              const T val = (T)((2-nbrightness)**(col++) + (nbrightness-1)*maxval);
-              *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
-              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-            }
-            ptrd-=offx;
-            txleft+=rtx+((errtx-=ndtx)<0?errtx+=dx,stx:0);
-            tyleft+=rty+((errty-=ndty)<0?errty+=dx,sty:0);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a 2d textured triangle, with perspective correction.
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
-                           const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
-                           const int x2, const int y2, const float z2,
-                           const CImg<tc>& texture,
-                           const int tx0, const int ty0,
-                           const int tx1, const int ty1,
-                           const int tx2, const int ty2,
-                           const float opacity=1,
-                           const float brightness=1) {
-      if (is_empty() || z0<=0 || z1<=0 || z2<=0) return *this;
-      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
-      if (is_overlapped(texture))
-        return draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity,brightness);
-      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
-      const float
-        nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0),
-        nbrightness = brightness<0?0:(brightness>2?2:brightness);
-      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, twhd = (long)texture._width*texture._height*texture._depth,
-        offx = _spectrum*whd-1;
-      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2;
-      float
-        ntx0 = tx0/z0, nty0 = ty0/z0,
-        ntx1 = tx1/z1, nty1 = ty1/z1,
-        ntx2 = tx2/z2, nty2 = ty2/z2,
-        nz0 = 1/z0, nz1 = 1/z1, nz2 = 1/z2;
-      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,ntx0,ntx1,nty0,nty1,nz0,nz1);
-      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,ntx0,ntx2,nty0,nty2,nz0,nz2);
-      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,ntx1,ntx2,nty1,nty2,nz1,nz2);
-      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
-      float
-        ptxl = (ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0),
-        ptxr = (ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0),
-        ptxn = (ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1),
-        ptyl = (nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0),
-        ptyr = (nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0),
-        ptyn = (nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1),
-        pzl = (nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0),
-        pzr = (nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0),
-        pzn = (nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1),
-        zr = ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
-        txr = ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
-        tyr = ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
-        zl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0))):(pzl=pzn,(nz1 - ny1*(nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1))),
-        txl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
-          (ptxl=ptxn,(ntx1 - ny1*(ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1))),
-        tyl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
-          (ptyl=ptyn,(nty1 - ny1*(nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
-      _cimg_for_triangle1(*this,xleft0,xright0,y,nx0,ny0,nx1,ny1,nx2,ny2) {
-        if (y==ny1) { zl = nz1; txl = ntx1; tyl = nty1; pzl = pzn; ptxl = ptxn; ptyl = ptyn; }
-        int xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0;
-        float
-          zleft = zl, zright = zr,
-          txleft = txl, txright = txr,
-          tyleft = tyl, tyright = tyr;
-        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,zleft,zright,txleft,txright,tyleft,tyright);
-        const int dx = xright - xleft;
-        const float
-          pentez = (zright - zleft)/dx,
-          pentetx = (txright - txleft)/dx,
-          pentety = (tyright - tyleft)/dx;
-        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
-          zleft-=xleft*(zright - zleft)/dx;
-          txleft-=xleft*(txright - txleft)/dx;
-          tyleft-=xleft*(tyright - tyleft)/dx;
-        }
-        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
-        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
-        T* ptrd = data(xleft,y,0,0);
-        if (opacity>=1) {
-          if (nbrightness==1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-            const float invz = 1/zleft;
-            const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              *ptrd = (T)*col;
-              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-            }
-            ptrd-=offx; zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
-          } else if (nbrightness<1) for (int x=xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-            const float invz = 1/zleft;
-            const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              *ptrd = (T)(nbrightness**col);
-              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-            }
-            ptrd-=offx; zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
-          } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-            const float invz = 1/zleft;
-            const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              *ptrd = (T)((2-nbrightness)**col + (nbrightness-1)*maxval);
-              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-            }
-            ptrd-=offx; zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
-          }
-        } else {
-          if (nbrightness==1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-            const float invz = 1/zleft;
-            const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              *ptrd = (T)(nopacity**col + *ptrd*copacity);
-              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-            }
-            ptrd-=offx; zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
-          } else if (nbrightness<1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-            const float invz = 1/zleft;
-            const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*nbrightness**col + *ptrd*copacity);
-              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-            }
-            ptrd-=offx; zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
-          } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-            const float invz = 1/zleft;
-            const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
-            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-              const T val = (T)((2-nbrightness)**col + (nbrightness-1)*maxval);
-              *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
-              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-            }
-            ptrd-=offx; zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
-          }
-        }
-        zr+=pzr; txr+=ptxr; tyr+=ptyr; zl+=pzl; txl+=ptxl; tyl+=ptyl;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a textured 2d triangle, with perspective correction and z-buffering.
-    template<typename tz, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(CImg<tz>& zbuffer,
-                           const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
-                           const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
-                           const int x2, const int y2, const float z2,
-                           const CImg<tc>& texture,
-                           const int tx0, const int ty0,
-                           const int tx1, const int ty1,
-                           const int tx2, const int ty2,
-                           const float opacity=1,
-                           const float brightness=1) {
-      typedef typename cimg::superset<tz,float>::type tzfloat;
-      if (is_empty() || z0<=0 || z1<=0 || z2<=0) return *this;
-      if (!is_sameXY(zbuffer))
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Instance and specified Z-buffer (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
-                                    "different dimensions.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    zbuffer._width,zbuffer._height,zbuffer._depth,zbuffer._spectrum,zbuffer._data);
-
-      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
-      if (is_overlapped(texture))
-        return draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity,brightness);
-      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
-      const float
-        nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0),
-        nbrightness = brightness<0?0:(brightness>2?2:brightness);
-      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, twhd = (long)texture._width*texture._height*texture._depth,
-        offx = _spectrum*whd;
-      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2;
-      float
-        ntx0 = tx0/z0, nty0 = ty0/z0,
-        ntx1 = tx1/z1, nty1 = ty1/z1,
-        ntx2 = tx2/z2, nty2 = ty2/z2;
-      tzfloat nz0 = 1/(tzfloat)z0, nz1 = 1/(tzfloat)z1, nz2 = 1/(tzfloat)z2;
-      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,ntx0,ntx1,nty0,nty1,nz0,nz1);
-      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,ntx0,ntx2,nty0,nty2,nz0,nz2);
-      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,ntx1,ntx2,nty1,nty2,nz1,nz2);
-      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
-      float
-        ptxl = (ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0),
-        ptxr = (ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0),
-        ptxn = (ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1),
-        ptyl = (nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0),
-        ptyr = (nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0),
-        ptyn = (nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1),
-        txr = ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
-        tyr = ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
-        txl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
-          (ptxl=ptxn,(ntx1 - ny1*(ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1))),
-        tyl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
-          (ptyl=ptyn,(nty1 - ny1*(nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
-      tzfloat
-        pzl = (nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0),
-        pzr = (nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0),
-        pzn = (nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1),
-        zr = ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
-        zl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0))):(pzl=pzn,(nz1 - ny1*(nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
-      _cimg_for_triangle1(*this,xleft0,xright0,y,nx0,ny0,nx1,ny1,nx2,ny2) {
-        if (y==ny1) { zl = nz1; txl = ntx1; tyl = nty1; pzl = pzn; ptxl = ptxn; ptyl = ptyn; }
-        int xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0;
-        float txleft = txl, txright = txr, tyleft = tyl, tyright = tyr;
-        tzfloat zleft = zl, zright = zr;
-        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,zleft,zright,txleft,txright,tyleft,tyright);
-        const int dx = xright - xleft;
-        const float pentetx = (txright - txleft)/dx, pentety = (tyright - tyleft)/dx;
-        const tzfloat pentez = (zright - zleft)/dx;
-        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
-          zleft-=xleft*(zright - zleft)/dx;
-          txleft-=xleft*(txright - txleft)/dx;
-          tyleft-=xleft*(tyright - tyleft)/dx;
-        }
-        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
-        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
-        T *ptrd = data(xleft,y,0,0);
-        tz *ptrz = zbuffer.data(xleft,y);
-        if (opacity>=1) {
-          if (nbrightness==1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
-              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
-                const tzfloat invz = 1/zleft;
-                const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
-                cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                  *ptrd = (T)*col;
-                  ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-                }
-                ptrd-=offx;
-              }
-              zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
-            } else if (nbrightness<1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
-              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
-                const tzfloat invz = 1/zleft;
-                const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
-                cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                  *ptrd = (T)(nbrightness**col);
-                  ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-                }
-                ptrd-=offx;
-              }
-              zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
-            } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
-              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
-                const tzfloat invz = 1/zleft;
-                const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
-                cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                  *ptrd = (T)((2-nbrightness)**col + (nbrightness-1)*maxval);
-                  ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-                }
-                ptrd-=offx;
-              }
-              zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
-            }
-        } else {
-          if (nbrightness==1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
-              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
-                const tzfloat invz = 1/zleft;
-                const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
-                cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                  *ptrd = (T)(nopacity**col + *ptrd*copacity);
-                  ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-                }
-                ptrd-=offx;
-              }
-              zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
-            } else if (nbrightness<1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
-              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
-                const tzfloat invz = 1/zleft;
-                const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
-                cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                  *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*nbrightness**col + *ptrd*copacity);
-                  ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-                }
-                ptrd-=offx;
-              }
-              zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
-            } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
-              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
-                const tzfloat invz = 1/zleft;
-                const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
-                cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                  const T val = (T)((2-nbrightness)**col + (nbrightness-1)*maxval);
-                  *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
-                  ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-                }
-                ptrd-=offx;
-              }
-              zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
-            }
-        }
-        zr+=pzr; txr+=ptxr; tyr+=ptyr; zl+=pzl; txl+=ptxl; tyl+=ptyl;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a Phong-shaded 2d triangle.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
-       \param x2 X-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
-       \param y2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
-       \param light Light image.
-       \param lx0 X-coordinate of the first vertex in the light image.
-       \param ly0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex in the light image.
-       \param lx1 X-coordinate of the second vertex in the light image.
-       \param ly1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex in the light image.
-       \param lx2 X-coordinate of the third vertex in the light image.
-       \param ly2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex in the light image.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-    **/
-    template<typename tc, typename tl>
-    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0,
-                           const int x1, const int y1,
-                           const int x2, const int y2,
-                           const tc *const color,
-                           const CImg<tl>& light,
-                           const int lx0, const int ly0,
-                           const int lx1, const int ly1,
-                           const int lx2, const int ly2,
-                           const float opacity=1) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (!color)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Specified color is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (light._depth>1 || light._spectrum<_spectrum)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified light texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,light._width,light._height,light._depth,light._spectrum,light._data);
-      if (is_overlapped(light)) return draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,color,+light,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity);
-      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
-      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2,
-        nlx0 = lx0, nly0 = ly0, nlx1 = lx1, nly1 = ly1, nlx2 = lx2, nly2 = ly2;
-      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, offx = _spectrum*whd-1;
-      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,nlx0,nlx1,nly0,nly1);
-      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,nlx0,nlx2,nly0,nly2);
-      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,nlx1,nlx2,nly1,nly2);
-      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
-      _cimg_for_triangle3(*this,xleft0,lxleft0,lyleft0,xright0,lxright0,lyright0,y,
-                          nx0,ny0,nlx0,nly0,nx1,ny1,nlx1,nly1,nx2,ny2,nlx2,nly2) {
-        int
-          xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0,
-          lxleft = lxleft0, lxright = lxright0,
-          lyleft = lyleft0, lyright = lyright0;
-        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,lxleft,lxright,lyleft,lyright);
-        const int
-          dx = xright - xleft,
-          dlx = lxright>lxleft?lxright - lxleft:lxleft - lxright,
-          dly = lyright>lyleft?lyright - lyleft:lyleft - lyright,
-          rlx = dx?(lxright - lxleft)/dx:0,
-          rly = dx?(lyright - lyleft)/dx:0,
-          slx = lxright>lxleft?1:-1,
-          sly = lyright>lyleft?1:-1,
-          ndlx = dlx - (dx?dx*(dlx/dx):0),
-          ndly = dly - (dx?dx*(dly/dx):0);
-        int errlx = dx>>1, errly = errlx;
-        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
-          lxleft-=xleft*(lxright - lxleft)/dx;
-          lyleft-=xleft*(lyright - lyleft)/dx;
-        }
-        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
-        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
-        T* ptrd = data(xleft,y,0,0);
-        if (opacity>=1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-          const tc *col = color;
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            const tl l = light(lxleft,lyleft,c);
-            *ptrd = (T)(l<1?l**(col++):((2-l)**(col++)+(l-1)*maxval));
-            ptrd+=whd;
-          }
-          ptrd-=offx;
-          lxleft+=rlx+((errlx-=ndlx)<0?errlx+=dx,slx:0);
-          lyleft+=rly+((errly-=ndly)<0?errly+=dx,sly:0);
-        } else  for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-          const tc *col = color;
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            const tl l = light(lxleft,lyleft,c);
-            const T val = (T)(l<1?l**(col++):((2-l)**(col++)+(l-1)*maxval));
-            *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
-            ptrd+=whd;
-          }
-          ptrd-=offx;
-          lxleft+=rlx+((errlx-=ndlx)<0?errlx+=dx,slx:0);
-          lyleft+=rly+((errly-=ndly)<0?errly+=dx,sly:0);
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a Phong-shaded 2d triangle, with z-buffering.
-    template<typename tz, typename tc, typename tl>
-    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(CImg<tz>& zbuffer,
-                           const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
-                           const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
-                           const int x2, const int y2, const float z2,
-                           const tc *const color,
-                           const CImg<tl>& light,
-                           const int lx0, const int ly0,
-                           const int lx1, const int ly1,
-                           const int lx2, const int ly2,
-                           const float opacity=1) {
-      typedef typename cimg::superset<tz,float>::type tzfloat;
-      if (is_empty() || z0<=0 || z1<=0 || z2<=0) return *this;
-      if (!color)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Specified color is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (light._depth>1 || light._spectrum<_spectrum)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified light texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,light._width,light._height,light._depth,light._spectrum,light._data);
-      if (!is_sameXY(zbuffer))
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Instance and specified Z-buffer (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
-                                    "different dimensions.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    zbuffer._width,zbuffer._height,zbuffer._depth,zbuffer._spectrum,zbuffer._data);
-      if (is_overlapped(light)) return draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,
-                                                     +light,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity);
-      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
-      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, offx = _spectrum*whd;
-      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2,
-        nlx0 = lx0, nly0 = ly0, nlx1 = lx1, nly1 = ly1, nlx2 = lx2, nly2 = ly2;
-      tzfloat nz0 = 1/(tzfloat)z0, nz1 = 1/(tzfloat)z1, nz2 = 1/(tzfloat)z2;
-      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,nlx0,nlx1,nly0,nly1,nz0,nz1);
-      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,nlx0,nlx2,nly0,nly2,nz0,nz2);
-      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,nlx1,nlx2,nly1,nly2,nz1,nz2);
-      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
-      tzfloat
-        pzl = (nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0),
-        pzr = (nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0),
-        pzn = (nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1),
-        zr = ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
-        zl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0))):(pzl=pzn,(nz1 - ny1*(nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
-      _cimg_for_triangle3(*this,xleft0,lxleft0,lyleft0,xright0,lxright0,lyright0,y,
-                          nx0,ny0,nlx0,nly0,nx1,ny1,nlx1,nly1,nx2,ny2,nlx2,nly2) {
-        if (y==ny1) { zl = nz1; pzl = pzn; }
-        int
-          xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0,
-          lxleft = lxleft0, lxright = lxright0,
-          lyleft = lyleft0, lyright = lyright0;
-        tzfloat zleft = zl, zright = zr;
-        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,zleft,zright,lxleft,lxright,lyleft,lyright);
-        const int
-          dx = xright - xleft,
-          dlx = lxright>lxleft?lxright - lxleft:lxleft - lxright,
-          dly = lyright>lyleft?lyright - lyleft:lyleft - lyright,
-          rlx = dx?(lxright - lxleft)/dx:0,
-          rly = dx?(lyright - lyleft)/dx:0,
-          slx = lxright>lxleft?1:-1,
-          sly = lyright>lyleft?1:-1,
-          ndlx = dlx - (dx?dx*(dlx/dx):0),
-          ndly = dly - (dx?dx*(dly/dx):0);
-        const tzfloat pentez = (zright - zleft)/dx;
-        int errlx = dx>>1, errly = errlx;
-        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
-          zleft-=xleft*(zright - zleft)/dx;
-          lxleft-=xleft*(lxright - lxleft)/dx;
-          lyleft-=xleft*(lyright - lyleft)/dx;
-        }
-        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
-        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
-        T *ptrd = data(xleft,y,0,0);
-        tz *ptrz = zbuffer.data(xleft,y);
-        if (opacity>=1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
-            if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-              *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
-              const tc *col = color;
-              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                const tl l = light(lxleft,lyleft,c);
-                const tc cval = *(col++);
-                *ptrd = (T)(l<1?l*cval:(2-l)*cval+(l-1)*maxval);
-                ptrd+=whd;
-              }
-              ptrd-=offx;
-            }
-            zleft+=pentez;
-            lxleft+=rlx+((errlx-=ndlx)<0?errlx+=dx,slx:0);
-            lyleft+=rly+((errly-=ndly)<0?errly+=dx,sly:0);
-          } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
-            if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-              *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
-              const tc *col = color;
-              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                const tl l = light(lxleft,lyleft,c);
-                const tc cval = *(col++);
-                const T val = (T)(l<1?l*cval:(2-l)*cval+(l-1)*maxval);
-                *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
-                ptrd+=whd;
-              }
-              ptrd-=offx;
-            }
-            zleft+=pentez;
-            lxleft+=rlx+((errlx-=ndlx)<0?errlx+=dx,slx:0);
-            lyleft+=rly+((errly-=ndly)<0?errly+=dx,sly:0);
-          }
-        zr+=pzr; zl+=pzl;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a textured Gouraud-shaded 2d triangle.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
-       \param x2 X-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
-       \param y2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
-       \param texture Texture image used to fill the triangle.
-       \param tx0 X-coordinate of the first vertex in the texture image.
-       \param ty0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex in the texture image.
-       \param tx1 X-coordinate of the second vertex in the texture image.
-       \param ty1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex in the texture image.
-       \param tx2 X-coordinate of the third vertex in the texture image.
-       \param ty2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex in the texture image.
-       \param brightness0 Brightness factor of the first vertex.
-       \param brightness1 Brightness factor of the second vertex.
-       \param brightness2 Brightness factor of the third vertex.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-    **/
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0,
-                           const int x1, const int y1,
-                           const int x2, const int y2,
-                           const CImg<tc>& texture,
-                           const int tx0, const int ty0,
-                           const int tx1, const int ty1,
-                           const int tx2, const int ty2,
-                           const float brightness0,
-                           const float brightness1,
-                           const float brightness2,
-                           const float opacity=1) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
-      if (is_overlapped(texture))
-        return draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,
-                             brightness0,brightness1,brightness2,opacity);
-      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
-      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, twhd = (long)texture._width*texture._height*texture._depth,
-        offx = _spectrum*whd-1;
-      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2,
-        ntx0 = tx0, nty0 = ty0, ntx1 = tx1, nty1 = ty1, ntx2 = tx2, nty2 = ty2,
-        nc0 = (int)((brightness0<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness0>2.0f?2.0f:brightness0))*256.0f),
-        nc1 = (int)((brightness1<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness1>2.0f?2.0f:brightness1))*256.0f),
-        nc2 = (int)((brightness2<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness2>2.0f?2.0f:brightness2))*256.0f);
-      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,ntx0,ntx1,nty0,nty1,nc0,nc1);
-      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,ntx0,ntx2,nty0,nty2,nc0,nc2);
-      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,ntx1,ntx2,nty1,nty2,nc1,nc2);
-      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
-      _cimg_for_triangle4(*this,xleft0,cleft0,txleft0,tyleft0,xright0,cright0,txright0,tyright0,y,
-                          nx0,ny0,nc0,ntx0,nty0,nx1,ny1,nc1,ntx1,nty1,nx2,ny2,nc2,ntx2,nty2) {
-        int
-          xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0,
-          cleft = cleft0, cright = cright0,
-          txleft = txleft0, txright = txright0,
-          tyleft = tyleft0, tyright = tyright0;
-        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,cleft,cright,txleft,txright,tyleft,tyright);
-        const int
-          dx = xright - xleft,
-          dc = cright>cleft?cright - cleft:cleft - cright,
-          dtx = txright>txleft?txright - txleft:txleft - txright,
-          dty = tyright>tyleft?tyright - tyleft:tyleft - tyright,
-          rc = dx?(cright - cleft)/dx:0,
-          rtx = dx?(txright - txleft)/dx:0,
-          rty = dx?(tyright - tyleft)/dx:0,
-          sc = cright>cleft?1:-1,
-          stx = txright>txleft?1:-1,
-          sty = tyright>tyleft?1:-1,
-          ndc = dc - (dx?dx*(dc/dx):0),
-          ndtx = dtx - (dx?dx*(dtx/dx):0),
-          ndty = dty - (dx?dx*(dty/dx):0);
-        int errc = dx>>1, errtx = errc, errty = errc;
-        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
-          cleft-=xleft*(cright - cleft)/dx;
-          txleft-=xleft*(txright - txleft)/dx;
-          tyleft-=xleft*(tyright - tyleft)/dx;
-        }
-        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
-        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
-        T* ptrd = data(xleft,y,0,0);
-        if (opacity>=1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-          const tc *col = texture.data(txleft,tyleft);
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            *ptrd = (T)(cleft<256?cleft**col/256:((512-cleft)**col+(cleft-256)*maxval)/256);
-            ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-          }
-          ptrd-=offx;
-          cleft+=rc+((errc-=ndc)<0?errc+=dx,sc:0);
-          txleft+=rtx+((errtx-=ndtx)<0?errtx+=dx,stx:0);
-          tyleft+=rty+((errty-=ndty)<0?errty+=dx,sty:0);
-        } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-          const tc *col = texture.data(txleft,tyleft);
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            const T val = (T)(cleft<256?cleft**col/256:((512-cleft)**col+(cleft-256)*maxval)/256);
-            *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
-            ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-          }
-          ptrd-=offx;
-          cleft+=rc+((errc-=ndc)<0?errc+=dx,sc:0);
-          txleft+=rtx+((errtx-=ndtx)<0?errtx+=dx,stx:0);
-          tyleft+=rty+((errty-=ndty)<0?errty+=dx,sty:0);
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a textured Gouraud-shaded 2d triangle, with perspective correction \overloading.
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
-                           const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
-                           const int x2, const int y2, const float z2,
-                           const CImg<tc>& texture,
-                           const int tx0, const int ty0,
-                           const int tx1, const int ty1,
-                           const int tx2, const int ty2,
-                           const float brightness0,
-                           const float brightness1,
-                           const float brightness2,
-                           const float opacity=1) {
-      if (is_empty() || z0<=0 || z1<=0 || z2<=0) return *this;
-      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
-      if (is_overlapped(texture)) return draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,
-                                                       brightness0,brightness1,brightness2,opacity);
-      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
-      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, twhd = (long)texture._width*texture._height*texture._depth,
-        offx = _spectrum*whd-1;
-      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2,
-        nc0 = (int)((brightness0<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness0>2.0f?2.0f:brightness0))*256.0f),
-        nc1 = (int)((brightness1<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness1>2.0f?2.0f:brightness1))*256.0f),
-        nc2 = (int)((brightness2<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness2>2.0f?2.0f:brightness2))*256.0f);
-      float
-        ntx0 = tx0/z0, nty0 = ty0/z0,
-        ntx1 = tx1/z1, nty1 = ty1/z1,
-        ntx2 = tx2/z2, nty2 = ty2/z2,
-        nz0 = 1/z0, nz1 = 1/z1, nz2 = 1/z2;
-      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,ntx0,ntx1,nty0,nty1,nz0,nz1,nc0,nc1);
-      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,ntx0,ntx2,nty0,nty2,nz0,nz2,nc0,nc2);
-      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,ntx1,ntx2,nty1,nty2,nz1,nz2,nc1,nc2);
-      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
-      float
-        ptxl = (ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0),
-        ptxr = (ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0),
-        ptxn = (ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1),
-        ptyl = (nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0),
-        ptyr = (nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0),
-        ptyn = (nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1),
-        pzl = (nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0),
-        pzr = (nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0),
-        pzn = (nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1),
-        zr = ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
-        txr = ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
-        tyr = ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
-        zl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0))):(pzl=pzn,(nz1 - ny1*(nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1))),
-        txl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
-          (ptxl=ptxn,(ntx1 - ny1*(ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1))),
-        tyl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
-          (ptyl=ptyn,(nty1 - ny1*(nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
-      _cimg_for_triangle2(*this,xleft0,cleft0,xright0,cright0,y,nx0,ny0,nc0,nx1,ny1,nc1,nx2,ny2,nc2) {
-        if (y==ny1) { zl = nz1; txl = ntx1; tyl = nty1; pzl = pzn; ptxl = ptxn; ptyl = ptyn; }
-        int
-          xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0,
-          cleft = cleft0, cright = cright0;
-        float
-          zleft = zl, zright = zr,
-          txleft = txl, txright = txr,
-          tyleft = tyl, tyright = tyr;
-        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,zleft,zright,txleft,txright,tyleft,tyright,cleft,cright);
-        const int
-          dx = xright - xleft,
-          dc = cright>cleft?cright - cleft:cleft - cright,
-          rc = dx?(cright - cleft)/dx:0,
-          sc = cright>cleft?1:-1,
-          ndc = dc - (dx?dx*(dc/dx):0);
-        const float
-          pentez = (zright - zleft)/dx,
-          pentetx = (txright - txleft)/dx,
-          pentety = (tyright - tyleft)/dx;
-        int errc = dx>>1;
-        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
-          cleft-=xleft*(cright - cleft)/dx;
-          zleft-=xleft*(zright - zleft)/dx;
-          txleft-=xleft*(txright - txleft)/dx;
-          tyleft-=xleft*(tyright - tyleft)/dx;
-        }
-        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
-        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
-        T* ptrd = data(xleft,y,0,0);
-        if (opacity>=1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-          const float invz = 1/zleft;
-          const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            *ptrd = (T)(cleft<256?cleft**col/256:((512-cleft)**col+(cleft-256)*maxval)/256);
-            ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-          }
-          ptrd-=offx; zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
-          cleft+=rc+((errc-=ndc)<0?errc+=dx,sc:0);
-        } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-          const float invz = 1/zleft;
-          const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            const T val = (T)(cleft<256?cleft**col/256:((512-cleft)**col+(cleft-256)*maxval)/256);
-            *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
-            ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-          }
-          ptrd-=offx; zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
-          cleft+=rc+((errc-=ndc)<0?errc+=dx,sc:0);
-        }
-        zr+=pzr; txr+=ptxr; tyr+=ptyr; zl+=pzl; txl+=ptxl; tyl+=ptyl;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a textured Gouraud-shaded 2d triangle, with perspective correction and z-buffering \overloading.
-    template<typename tz, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(CImg<tz>& zbuffer,
-                           const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
-                           const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
-                           const int x2, const int y2, const float z2,
-                           const CImg<tc>& texture,
-                           const int tx0, const int ty0,
-                           const int tx1, const int ty1,
-                           const int tx2, const int ty2,
-                           const float brightness0,
-                           const float brightness1,
-                           const float brightness2,
-                           const float opacity=1) {
-      typedef typename cimg::superset<tz,float>::type tzfloat;
-      if (is_empty() || z0<=0 || z1<=0 || z2<=0) return *this;
-      if (!is_sameXY(zbuffer))
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Instance and specified Z-buffer (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
-                                    "different dimensions.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    zbuffer._width,zbuffer._height,zbuffer._depth,zbuffer._spectrum,zbuffer._data);
-      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
-      if (is_overlapped(texture))
-        return draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,
-                                                       brightness0,brightness1,brightness2,opacity);
-      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
-      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, twhd = (long)texture._width*texture._height*texture._depth,
-        offx = _spectrum*whd;
-      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2,
-        nc0 = (int)((brightness0<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness0>2.0f?2.0f:brightness0))*256.0f),
-        nc1 = (int)((brightness1<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness1>2.0f?2.0f:brightness1))*256.0f),
-        nc2 = (int)((brightness2<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness2>2.0f?2.0f:brightness2))*256.0f);
-      float
-        ntx0 = tx0/z0, nty0 = ty0/z0,
-        ntx1 = tx1/z1, nty1 = ty1/z1,
-        ntx2 = tx2/z2, nty2 = ty2/z2;
-      tzfloat nz0 = 1/(tzfloat)z0, nz1 = 1/(tzfloat)z1, nz2 = 1/(tzfloat)z2;
-      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,ntx0,ntx1,nty0,nty1,nz0,nz1,nc0,nc1);
-      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,ntx0,ntx2,nty0,nty2,nz0,nz2,nc0,nc2);
-      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,ntx1,ntx2,nty1,nty2,nz1,nz2,nc1,nc2);
-      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
-      float
-        ptxl = (ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0),
-        ptxr = (ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0),
-        ptxn = (ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1),
-        ptyl = (nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0),
-        ptyr = (nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0),
-        ptyn = (nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1),
-        txr = ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
-        tyr = ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
-        txl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
-          (ptxl=ptxn,(ntx1 - ny1*(ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1))),
-        tyl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
-          (ptyl=ptyn,(nty1 - ny1*(nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
-      tzfloat
-        pzl = (nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0),
-        pzr = (nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0),
-        pzn = (nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1),
-        zr = ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
-        zl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0))):(pzl=pzn,(nz1 - ny1*(nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
-      _cimg_for_triangle2(*this,xleft0,cleft0,xright0,cright0,y,nx0,ny0,nc0,nx1,ny1,nc1,nx2,ny2,nc2) {
-        if (y==ny1) { zl = nz1; txl = ntx1; tyl = nty1; pzl = pzn; ptxl = ptxn; ptyl = ptyn; }
-        int xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0, cleft = cleft0, cright = cright0;
-        float txleft = txl, txright = txr, tyleft = tyl, tyright = tyr;
-        tzfloat zleft = zl, zright = zr;
-        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,zleft,zright,txleft,txright,tyleft,tyright,cleft,cright);
-        const int
-          dx = xright - xleft,
-          dc = cright>cleft?cright - cleft:cleft - cright,
-          rc = dx?(cright - cleft)/dx:0,
-          sc = cright>cleft?1:-1,
-          ndc = dc - (dx?dx*(dc/dx):0);
-        float pentetx = (txright - txleft)/dx, pentety = (tyright - tyleft)/dx;
-        const tzfloat pentez = (zright - zleft)/dx;
-        int errc = dx>>1;
-        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
-          cleft-=xleft*(cright - cleft)/dx;
-          zleft-=xleft*(zright - zleft)/dx;
-          txleft-=xleft*(txright - txleft)/dx;
-          tyleft-=xleft*(tyright - tyleft)/dx;
-        }
-        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
-        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
-        T* ptrd = data(xleft,y);
-        tz *ptrz = zbuffer.data(xleft,y);
-        if (opacity>=1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrd, ++ptrz) {
-            if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-              *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
-              const tzfloat invz = 1/zleft;
-              const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
-              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                *ptrd = (T)(cleft<256?cleft**col/256:((512-cleft)**col+(cleft-256)*maxval)/256);
-                ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-              }
-              ptrd-=offx;
-            }
-            zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
-            cleft+=rc+((errc-=ndc)<0?errc+=dx,sc:0);
-          } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrd, ++ptrz) {
-            if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-              *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
-              const tzfloat invz = 1/zleft;
-              const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
-              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                const T val = (T)(cleft<256?cleft**col/256:((512-cleft)**col+(cleft-256)*maxval)/256);
-                *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
-                ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-              }
-              ptrd-=offx;
-            }
-            zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
-            cleft+=rc+((errc-=ndc)<0?errc+=dx,sc:0);
-          }
-        zr+=pzr; txr+=ptxr; tyr+=ptyr; zl+=pzl; txl+=ptxl; tyl+=ptyl;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a textured Phong-shaded 2d triangle.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
-       \param x2 X-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
-       \param y2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
-       \param texture Texture image used to fill the triangle.
-       \param tx0 X-coordinate of the first vertex in the texture image.
-       \param ty0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex in the texture image.
-       \param tx1 X-coordinate of the second vertex in the texture image.
-       \param ty1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex in the texture image.
-       \param tx2 X-coordinate of the third vertex in the texture image.
-       \param ty2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex in the texture image.
-       \param light Light image.
-       \param lx0 X-coordinate of the first vertex in the light image.
-       \param ly0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex in the light image.
-       \param lx1 X-coordinate of the second vertex in the light image.
-       \param ly1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex in the light image.
-       \param lx2 X-coordinate of the third vertex in the light image.
-       \param ly2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex in the light image.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-    **/
-    template<typename tc, typename tl>
-    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0,
-                           const int x1, const int y1,
-                           const int x2, const int y2,
-                           const CImg<tc>& texture,
-                           const int tx0, const int ty0,
-                           const int tx1, const int ty1,
-                           const int tx2, const int ty2,
-                           const CImg<tl>& light,
-                           const int lx0, const int ly0,
-                           const int lx1, const int ly1,
-                           const int lx2, const int ly2,
-                           const float opacity=1) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
-      if (light._depth>1 || light._spectrum<_spectrum)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified light texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,light._width,light._height,light._depth,light._spectrum,light._data);
-      if (is_overlapped(texture))
-        return draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,light,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity);
-      if (is_overlapped(light))
-        return draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,+light,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity);
-      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
-      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, twhd = (long)texture._width*texture._height*texture._depth,
-        offx = _spectrum*whd-1;
-      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2,
-        ntx0 = tx0, nty0 = ty0, ntx1 = tx1, nty1 = ty1, ntx2 = tx2, nty2 = ty2,
-        nlx0 = lx0, nly0 = ly0, nlx1 = lx1, nly1 = ly1, nlx2 = lx2, nly2 = ly2;
-      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,ntx0,ntx1,nty0,nty1,nlx0,nlx1,nly0,nly1);
-      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,ntx0,ntx2,nty0,nty2,nlx0,nlx2,nly0,nly2);
-      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,ntx1,ntx2,nty1,nty2,nlx1,nlx2,nly1,nly2);
-      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
-      _cimg_for_triangle5(*this,xleft0,lxleft0,lyleft0,txleft0,tyleft0,xright0,lxright0,lyright0,txright0,tyright0,y,
-                          nx0,ny0,nlx0,nly0,ntx0,nty0,nx1,ny1,nlx1,nly1,ntx1,nty1,nx2,ny2,nlx2,nly2,ntx2,nty2) {
-        int
-          xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0,
-          lxleft = lxleft0, lxright = lxright0,
-          lyleft = lyleft0, lyright = lyright0,
-          txleft = txleft0, txright = txright0,
-          tyleft = tyleft0, tyright = tyright0;
-        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,lxleft,lxright,lyleft,lyright,txleft,txright,tyleft,tyright);
-        const int
-          dx = xright - xleft,
-          dlx = lxright>lxleft?lxright - lxleft:lxleft - lxright,
-          dly = lyright>lyleft?lyright - lyleft:lyleft - lyright,
-          dtx = txright>txleft?txright - txleft:txleft - txright,
-          dty = tyright>tyleft?tyright - tyleft:tyleft - tyright,
-          rlx = dx?(lxright - lxleft)/dx:0,
-          rly = dx?(lyright - lyleft)/dx:0,
-          rtx = dx?(txright - txleft)/dx:0,
-          rty = dx?(tyright - tyleft)/dx:0,
-          slx = lxright>lxleft?1:-1,
-          sly = lyright>lyleft?1:-1,
-          stx = txright>txleft?1:-1,
-          sty = tyright>tyleft?1:-1,
-          ndlx = dlx - (dx?dx*(dlx/dx):0),
-          ndly = dly - (dx?dx*(dly/dx):0),
-          ndtx = dtx - (dx?dx*(dtx/dx):0),
-          ndty = dty - (dx?dx*(dty/dx):0);
-        int errlx = dx>>1, errly = errlx, errtx = errlx, errty = errlx;
-        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
-          lxleft-=xleft*(lxright - lxleft)/dx;
-          lyleft-=xleft*(lyright - lyleft)/dx;
-          txleft-=xleft*(txright - txleft)/dx;
-          tyleft-=xleft*(tyright - tyleft)/dx;
-        }
-        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
-        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
-        T* ptrd = data(xleft,y,0,0);
-        if (opacity>=1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-          const tc *col = texture.data(txleft,tyleft);
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            const tl l = light(lxleft,lyleft,c);
-            *ptrd = (T)(l<1?l**col:(2-l)**col+(l-1)*maxval);
-            ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-          }
-          ptrd-=offx;
-          lxleft+=rlx+((errlx-=ndlx)<0?errlx+=dx,slx:0);
-          lyleft+=rly+((errly-=ndly)<0?errly+=dx,sly:0);
-          txleft+=rtx+((errtx-=ndtx)<0?errtx+=dx,stx:0);
-          tyleft+=rty+((errty-=ndty)<0?errty+=dx,sty:0);
-        } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-          const tc *col = texture.data(txleft,tyleft);
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            const tl l = light(lxleft,lyleft,c);
-            const T val = (T)(l<1?l**col:(2-l)**col+(l-1)*maxval);
-            *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
-            ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-          }
-          ptrd-=offx;
-          lxleft+=rlx+((errlx-=ndlx)<0?errlx+=dx,slx:0);
-          lyleft+=rly+((errly-=ndly)<0?errly+=dx,sly:0);
-          txleft+=rtx+((errtx-=ndtx)<0?errtx+=dx,stx:0);
-          tyleft+=rty+((errty-=ndty)<0?errty+=dx,sty:0);
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a textured Phong-shaded 2d triangle, with perspective correction.
-    template<typename tc, typename tl>
-    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
-                           const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
-                           const int x2, const int y2, const float z2,
-                           const CImg<tc>& texture,
-                           const int tx0, const int ty0,
-                           const int tx1, const int ty1,
-                           const int tx2, const int ty2,
-                           const CImg<tl>& light,
-                           const int lx0, const int ly0,
-                           const int lx1, const int ly1,
-                           const int lx2, const int ly2,
-                           const float opacity=1) {
-      if (is_empty() || z0<=0 || z1<=0 || z2<=0) return *this;
-      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
-      if (light._depth>1 || light._spectrum<_spectrum)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified light texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,light._width,light._height,light._depth,light._spectrum,light._data);
-      if (is_overlapped(texture))
-        return draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,
-                             light,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity);
-      if (is_overlapped(light))
-        return draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,
-                             +light,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity);
-      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
-      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, twhd = (long)texture._width*texture._height*texture._depth,
-        offx = _spectrum*whd-1;
-      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2,
-        nlx0 = lx0, nly0 = ly0, nlx1 = lx1, nly1 = ly1, nlx2 = lx2, nly2 = ly2;
-      float
-        ntx0 = tx0/z0, nty0 = ty0/z0,
-        ntx1 = tx1/z1, nty1 = ty1/z1,
-        ntx2 = tx2/z2, nty2 = ty2/z2,
-        nz0 = 1/z0, nz1 = 1/z1, nz2 = 1/z2;
-      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,ntx0,ntx1,nty0,nty1,nlx0,nlx1,nly0,nly1,nz0,nz1);
-      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,ntx0,ntx2,nty0,nty2,nlx0,nlx2,nly0,nly2,nz0,nz2);
-      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,ntx1,ntx2,nty1,nty2,nlx1,nlx2,nly1,nly2,nz1,nz2);
-      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
-      float
-        ptxl = (ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0),
-        ptxr = (ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0),
-        ptxn = (ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1),
-        ptyl = (nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0),
-        ptyr = (nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0),
-        ptyn = (nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1),
-        pzl = (nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0),
-        pzr = (nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0),
-        pzn = (nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1),
-        zr = ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
-        txr = ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
-        tyr = ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
-        zl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0))):(pzl=pzn,(nz1 - ny1*(nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1))),
-        txl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
-          (ptxl=ptxn,(ntx1 - ny1*(ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1))),
-        tyl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
-          (ptyl=ptyn,(nty1 - ny1*(nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
-      _cimg_for_triangle3(*this,xleft0,lxleft0,lyleft0,xright0,lxright0,lyright0,y,
-                          nx0,ny0,nlx0,nly0,nx1,ny1,nlx1,nly1,nx2,ny2,nlx2,nly2) {
-        if (y==ny1) { zl = nz1; txl = ntx1; tyl = nty1; pzl = pzn; ptxl = ptxn; ptyl = ptyn; }
-        int
-          xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0,
-          lxleft = lxleft0, lxright = lxright0,
-          lyleft = lyleft0, lyright = lyright0;
-        float
-          zleft = zl, zright = zr,
-          txleft = txl, txright = txr,
-          tyleft = tyl, tyright = tyr;
-        if (xright<xleft)
-          cimg::swap(xleft,xright,zleft,zright,txleft,txright,tyleft,tyright,lxleft,lxright,lyleft,lyright);
-        const int
-          dx = xright - xleft,
-          dlx = lxright>lxleft?lxright - lxleft:lxleft - lxright,
-          dly = lyright>lyleft?lyright - lyleft:lyleft - lyright,
-          rlx = dx?(lxright - lxleft)/dx:0,
-          rly = dx?(lyright - lyleft)/dx:0,
-          slx = lxright>lxleft?1:-1,
-          sly = lyright>lyleft?1:-1,
-          ndlx = dlx - (dx?dx*(dlx/dx):0),
-          ndly = dly - (dx?dx*(dly/dx):0);
-        const float
-          pentez = (zright - zleft)/dx,
-          pentetx = (txright - txleft)/dx,
-          pentety = (tyright - tyleft)/dx;
-        int errlx = dx>>1, errly = errlx;
-        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
-          zleft-=xleft*(zright - zleft)/dx;
-          lxleft-=xleft*(lxright - lxleft)/dx;
-          lyleft-=xleft*(lyright - lyleft)/dx;
-          txleft-=xleft*(txright - txleft)/dx;
-          tyleft-=xleft*(tyright - tyleft)/dx;
-        }
-        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
-        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
-        T* ptrd = data(xleft,y,0,0);
-        if (opacity>=1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-          const float invz = 1/zleft;
-          const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            const tl l = light(lxleft,lyleft,c);
-            *ptrd = (T)(l<1?l**col:(2-l)**col+(l-1)*maxval);
-            ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-          }
-          ptrd-=offx; zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
-          lxleft+=rlx+((errlx-=ndlx)<0?errlx+=dx,slx:0);
-          lyleft+=rly+((errly-=ndly)<0?errly+=dx,sly:0);
-        } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
-          const float invz = 1/zleft;
-          const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-            const tl l = light(lxleft,lyleft,c);
-            const T val = (T)(l<1?l**col:(2-l)**col+(l-1)*maxval);
-            *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
-            ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-          }
-          ptrd-=offx; zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
-          lxleft+=rlx+((errlx-=ndlx)<0?errlx+=dx,slx:0);
-          lyleft+=rly+((errly-=ndly)<0?errly+=dx,sly:0);
-        }
-        zr+=pzr; txr+=ptxr; tyr+=ptyr; zl+=pzl; txl+=ptxl; tyl+=ptyl;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a textured Phong-shaded 2d triangle, with perspective correction and z-buffering.
-    template<typename tz, typename tc, typename tl>
-    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(CImg<tz>& zbuffer,
-                           const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
-                           const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
-                           const int x2, const int y2, const float z2,
-                           const CImg<tc>& texture,
-                           const int tx0, const int ty0,
-                           const int tx1, const int ty1,
-                           const int tx2, const int ty2,
-                           const CImg<tl>& light,
-                           const int lx0, const int ly0,
-                           const int lx1, const int ly1,
-                           const int lx2, const int ly2,
-                           const float opacity=1) {
-      typedef typename cimg::superset<tz,float>::type tzfloat;
-      if (is_empty() || z0<=0 || z1<=0 || z2<=0) return *this;
-      if (!is_sameXY(zbuffer))
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Instance and specified Z-buffer (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
-                                    "different dimensions.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    zbuffer._width,zbuffer._height,zbuffer._depth,zbuffer._spectrum,zbuffer._data);
-      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
-      if (light._depth>1 || light._spectrum<_spectrum)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified light texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,light._width,light._height,light._depth,light._spectrum,light._data);
-      if (is_overlapped(texture))
-        return draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,
-                             +texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,light,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity);
-      if (is_overlapped(light))
-        return draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,
-                             texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,+light,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity);
-      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
-      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, twhd = (long)texture._width*texture._height*texture._depth,
-        offx = _spectrum*whd;
-      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2,
-        nlx0 = lx0, nly0 = ly0, nlx1 = lx1, nly1 = ly1, nlx2 = lx2, nly2 = ly2;
-      float
-        ntx0 = tx0/z0, nty0 = ty0/z0,
-        ntx1 = tx1/z1, nty1 = ty1/z1,
-        ntx2 = tx2/z2, nty2 = ty2/z2;
-      tzfloat nz0 = 1/(tzfloat)z0, nz1 = 1/(tzfloat)z1, nz2 = 1/(tzfloat)z2;
-      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,ntx0,ntx1,nty0,nty1,nlx0,nlx1,nly0,nly1,nz0,nz1);
-      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,ntx0,ntx2,nty0,nty2,nlx0,nlx2,nly0,nly2,nz0,nz2);
-      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,ntx1,ntx2,nty1,nty2,nlx1,nlx2,nly1,nly2,nz1,nz2);
-      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
-      float
-        ptxl = (ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0),
-        ptxr = (ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0),
-        ptxn = (ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1),
-        ptyl = (nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0),
-        ptyr = (nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0),
-        ptyn = (nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1),
-        txr = ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
-        tyr = ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
-        txl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
-          (ptxl=ptxn,(ntx1 - ny1*(ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1))),
-        tyl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
-          (ptyl=ptyn,(nty1 - ny1*(nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
-      tzfloat
-        pzl = (nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0),
-        pzr = (nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0),
-        pzn = (nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1),
-        zr = ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
-        zl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0))):(pzl=pzn,(nz1 - ny1*(nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
-      _cimg_for_triangle3(*this,xleft0,lxleft0,lyleft0,xright0,lxright0,lyright0,y,
-                          nx0,ny0,nlx0,nly0,nx1,ny1,nlx1,nly1,nx2,ny2,nlx2,nly2) {
-        if (y==ny1) { zl = nz1; txl = ntx1; tyl = nty1; pzl = pzn; ptxl = ptxn; ptyl = ptyn; }
-        int
-          xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0,
-          lxleft = lxleft0, lxright = lxright0,
-          lyleft = lyleft0, lyright = lyright0;
-        float txleft = txl, txright = txr, tyleft = tyl, tyright = tyr;
-        tzfloat zleft = zl, zright = zr;
-        if (xright<xleft)
-          cimg::swap(xleft,xright,zleft,zright,txleft,txright,tyleft,tyright,lxleft,lxright,lyleft,lyright);
-        const int
-          dx = xright - xleft,
-          dlx = lxright>lxleft?lxright - lxleft:lxleft - lxright,
-          dly = lyright>lyleft?lyright - lyleft:lyleft - lyright,
-          rlx = dx?(lxright - lxleft)/dx:0,
-          rly = dx?(lyright - lyleft)/dx:0,
-          slx = lxright>lxleft?1:-1,
-          sly = lyright>lyleft?1:-1,
-          ndlx = dlx - (dx?dx*(dlx/dx):0),
-          ndly = dly - (dx?dx*(dly/dx):0);
-        float pentetx = (txright - txleft)/dx, pentety = (tyright - tyleft)/dx;
-        const tzfloat pentez = (zright - zleft)/dx;
-        int errlx = dx>>1, errly = errlx;
-        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
-          zleft-=xleft*(zright - zleft)/dx;
-          lxleft-=xleft*(lxright - lxleft)/dx;
-          lyleft-=xleft*(lyright - lyleft)/dx;
-          txleft-=xleft*(txright - txleft)/dx;
-          tyleft-=xleft*(tyright - tyleft)/dx;
-        }
-        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
-        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
-        T* ptrd = data(xleft,y);
-        tz *ptrz = zbuffer.data(xleft,y);
-        if (opacity>=1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
-            if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-              *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
-              const tzfloat invz = 1/zleft;
-              const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
-              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                const tl l = light(lxleft,lyleft,c);
-                *ptrd = (T)(l<1?l**col:(2-l)**col+(l-1)*maxval);
-                ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-              }
-              ptrd-=offx;
-            }
-            zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
-            lxleft+=rlx+((errlx-=ndlx)<0?errlx+=dx,slx:0);
-            lyleft+=rly+((errly-=ndly)<0?errly+=dx,sly:0);
-          } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
-            if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
-              *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
-              const tzfloat invz = 1/zleft;
-              const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
-              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-                const tl l = light(lxleft,lyleft,c);
-                const T val = (T)(l<1?l**col:(2-l)**col+(l-1)*maxval);
-                *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
-                ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
-              }
-              ptrd-=offx;
-            }
-            zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
-            lxleft+=rlx+((errlx-=ndlx)<0?errlx+=dx,slx:0);
-            lyleft+=rly+((errly-=ndly)<0?errly+=dx,sly:0);
-          }
-        zr+=pzr; txr+=ptxr; tyr+=ptyr; zl+=pzl; txl+=ptxl; tyl+=ptyl;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a filled 4d rectangle.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the upper-left rectangle corner.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the upper-left rectangle corner.
-       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the upper-left rectangle corner.
-       \param c0 C-coordinate of the upper-left rectangle corner.
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the lower-right rectangle corner.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the lower-right rectangle corner.
-       \param z1 Z-coordinate of the lower-right rectangle corner.
-       \param c1 C-coordinate of the lower-right rectangle corner.
-       \param val Scalar value used to fill the rectangle area.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& draw_rectangle(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0, const int c0,
-                            const int x1, const int y1, const int z1, const int c1,
-                            const T val, const float opacity=1) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const bool bx = (x0<x1), by = (y0<y1), bz = (z0<z1), bc = (c0<c1);
-      const int
-        nx0 = bx?x0:x1, nx1 = bx?x1:x0,
-        ny0 = by?y0:y1, ny1 = by?y1:y0,
-        nz0 = bz?z0:z1, nz1 = bz?z1:z0,
-        nc0 = bc?c0:c1, nc1 = bc?c1:c0;
-      const int
-        lX = (1 + nx1 - nx0) + (nx1>=width()?width() - 1 - nx1:0) + (nx0<0?nx0:0),
-        lY = (1 + ny1 - ny0) + (ny1>=height()?height() - 1 - ny1:0) + (ny0<0?ny0:0),
-        lZ = (1 + nz1 - nz0) + (nz1>=depth()?depth() - 1 - nz1:0) + (nz0<0?nz0:0),
-        lC = (1 + nc1 - nc0) + (nc1>=spectrum()?spectrum() - 1 - nc1:0) + (nc0<0?nc0:0);
-      const unsigned long
-        offX = (unsigned long)_width - lX,
-        offY = (unsigned long)_width*(_height - lY),
-        offZ = (unsigned long)_width*_height*(_depth - lZ);
-      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-      T *ptrd = data(nx0<0?0:nx0,ny0<0?0:ny0,nz0<0?0:nz0,nc0<0?0:nc0);
-      if (lX>0 && lY>0 && lZ>0 && lC>0)
-        for (int v = 0; v<lC; ++v) {
-          for (int z = 0; z<lZ; ++z) {
-            for (int y = 0; y<lY; ++y) {
-              if (opacity>=1) {
-                if (sizeof(T)!=1) { for (int x = 0; x<lX; ++x) *(ptrd++) = val; ptrd+=offX; }
-                else { std::memset(ptrd,(int)val,lX); ptrd+=_width; }
-              } else { for (int x = 0; x<lX; ++x) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity); ++ptrd; } ptrd+=offX; }
-            }
-            ptrd+=offY;
-          }
-          ptrd+=offZ;
-        }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a filled 3d rectangle.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the upper-left rectangle corner.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the upper-left rectangle corner.
-       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the upper-left rectangle corner.
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the lower-right rectangle corner.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the lower-right rectangle corner.
-       \param z1 Z-coordinate of the lower-right rectangle corner.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-    **/
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_rectangle(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0,
-                            const int x1, const int y1, const int z1,
-                            const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (!color)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_rectangle(): Specified color is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      cimg_forC(*this,c) draw_rectangle(x0,y0,z0,c,x1,y1,z1,c,(T)color[c],opacity);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw an outlined 3d rectangle \overloading.
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_rectangle(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0,
-                            const int x1, const int y1, const int z1,
-                            const tc *const color, const float opacity,
-                            const unsigned int pattern) {
-      return draw_line(x0,y0,z0,x1,y0,z0,color,opacity,pattern,true).
-	draw_line(x1,y0,z0,x1,y1,z0,color,opacity,pattern,false).
-	draw_line(x1,y1,z0,x0,y1,z0,color,opacity,pattern,false).
-	draw_line(x0,y1,z0,x0,y0,z0,color,opacity,pattern,false).
-	draw_line(x0,y0,z1,x1,y0,z1,color,opacity,pattern,true).
-	draw_line(x1,y0,z1,x1,y1,z1,color,opacity,pattern,false).
-	draw_line(x1,y1,z1,x0,y1,z1,color,opacity,pattern,false).
-	draw_line(x0,y1,z1,x0,y0,z1,color,opacity,pattern,false).
-	draw_line(x0,y0,z0,x0,y0,z1,color,opacity,pattern,true).
-	draw_line(x1,y0,z0,x1,y0,z1,color,opacity,pattern,true).
-	draw_line(x1,y1,z0,x1,y1,z1,color,opacity,pattern,true).
-	draw_line(x0,y1,z0,x0,y1,z1,color,opacity,pattern,true);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a filled 2d rectangle.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the upper-left rectangle corner.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the upper-left rectangle corner.
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the lower-right rectangle corner.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the lower-right rectangle corner.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-    **/
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_rectangle(const int x0, const int y0,
-                            const int x1, const int y1,
-                            const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
-      return draw_rectangle(x0,y0,0,x1,y1,_depth-1,color,opacity);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a outlined 2d rectangle \overloading.
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_rectangle(const int x0, const int y0,
-                            const int x1, const int y1,
-                            const tc *const color, const float opacity,
-                            const unsigned int pattern) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (y0==y1) return draw_line(x0,y0,x1,y0,color,opacity,pattern,true);
-      if (x0==x1) return draw_line(x0,y0,x0,y1,color,opacity,pattern,true);
-      const bool bx = (x0<x1), by = (y0<y1);
-      const int
-        nx0 = bx?x0:x1, nx1 = bx?x1:x0,
-        ny0 = by?y0:y1, ny1 = by?y1:y0;
-      if (ny1==ny0+1) return draw_line(nx0,ny0,nx1,ny0,color,opacity,pattern,true).
-                      draw_line(nx1,ny1,nx0,ny1,color,opacity,pattern,false);
-      return draw_line(nx0,ny0,nx1,ny0,color,opacity,pattern,true).
-        draw_line(nx1,ny0+1,nx1,ny1-1,color,opacity,pattern,false).
-        draw_line(nx1,ny1,nx0,ny1,color,opacity,pattern,false).
-        draw_line(nx0,ny1-1,nx0,ny0+1,color,opacity,pattern,false);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a filled 2d polygon.
-    /**
-       \param points Set of polygon vertices.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-     **/
-    template<typename t, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_polygon(const CImg<t>& points,
-                          const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
-      if (is_empty() || !points) return *this;
-      if (!color)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_polygon(): Specified color is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      // Normalize 2d input coordinates (remove adjacent duplicates).
-      CImg<intT> npoints(points._width,2);
-      unsigned int nb_points = 1, p = 0;
-      int cx = npoints(0,0) = (int)points(0,0), cy = npoints(0,1) = (int)points(0,1);
-      const int cx0 = cx, cy0 = cy;
-      for (p = 1; p<points._width; ++p) {
-        const int nx = (int)points(p,0), ny = (int)points(p,1);
-        if (nx!=cx || ny!=cy) { npoints(nb_points,0) = nx; npoints(nb_points++,1) = ny; cx = nx; cy = ny; }
-      }
-      --p;
-      if ((int)points(p,0)==cx0 && (int)points(p,1)==cy0) --nb_points;
-      if (nb_points<=1) return draw_point((int)npoints(0,0),(int)npoints(0,1),color,opacity);
-      if (nb_points==2) return draw_line((int)npoints(0,0),(int)npoints(0,1),
-                                         (int)npoints(1,0),(int)npoints(1,1),color,opacity);
-      if (nb_points==3) return draw_triangle((int)npoints(0,0),(int)npoints(0,1),
-                                             (int)npoints(1,0),(int)npoints(1,1),
-                                             (int)npoints(2,0),(int)npoints(2,1),color,opacity);
-
-      // Shift the coordinates so that the first and last vertices are not located on the same scanline.
-      if (npoints(0,1)==npoints(nb_points-1,1)) {
-        const intT y0 = npoints(0,1);
-        unsigned int off = 1;
-        while ((int)npoints(off,1)==y0 && off<nb_points) ++off;
-        if (off<nb_points) {
-          npoints.get_shared_points(0,nb_points-1,0).shift(-(int)off,0,0,0,2);
-          npoints.get_shared_points(0,nb_points-1,1).shift(-(int)off,0,0,0,2);
-        }
-      }
-
-      cimg_init_scanline(color,1);
-
-      if (opacity!=1) { // For non-opaque polygons, do a little trick to avoid horizontal lines artefacts.
-        npoints.resize(nb_points,2,1,1,0);
-        CImg<intT> npoints_x = npoints.get_shared_row(0), npoints_y = npoints.get_shared_row(1);
-        int xmax = 0, xmin = (int)npoints_x.min_max(xmax), ymax = 0, ymin = (int)npoints_y.min_max(ymax);
-        if (xmax<0 || xmin>=width() || ymax<0 || ymin>=height()) return *this;
-        if (ymin==ymax) return cimg_draw_scanline(xmin,xmax,ymin,color,opacity,1);
-        const unsigned int
-          nxmin = xmin<0?0:(unsigned int)xmin, nxmax = xmax>=width()?_width-1:(unsigned int)xmax,
-          nymin = ymin<0?0:(unsigned int)ymin, nymax = ymax>=height()?_height-1:(unsigned int)ymax,
-          dx = 1 + nxmax - nxmin,
-          dy = 1 + nymax - nymin;
-        npoints_x-=nxmin; npoints_y-=nymin;
-        unsigned char one = 1;
-        const CImg<unsigned char> mask = CImg<unsigned char>(dx,dy,1,1,0).draw_polygon(npoints,&one,1);
-        CImg<T> _color(dx,dy,1,spectrum());
-        cimg_forC(_color,c) _color.get_shared_channel(c).fill(color[c]);
-        return draw_image(nxmin,nymin,0,0,_color,mask,opacity,1);
-      }
-
-      // Draw polygon segments.
-      int
-        xmax = 0, xmin = (int)npoints.get_shared_points(0,nb_points-1,0).min_max(xmax),
-        ymax = 0, ymin = (int)npoints.get_shared_points(0,nb_points-1,1).min_max(ymax);
-      if (xmax<0 || xmin>=width() || ymax<0 || ymin>=height()) return *this;
-      if (ymin==ymax) return cimg_draw_scanline(xmin,xmax,ymin,color,1,1);
-      const unsigned int
-        nymin = ymin<0?0:(unsigned int)ymin,
-        nymax = ymax>=height()?_height-1:(unsigned int)ymax,
-        dy = 1 + nymax - nymin;
-      CImg<intT> X(1+2*nb_points,dy,1,1,0), tmp;
-      cx = (int)npoints(0,0), cy = (int)npoints(0,1);
-      unsigned int cp = 0;
-      for (unsigned int p = 0; p<nb_points; ++p) {
-        const unsigned int np = (p!=nb_points-1)?p+1:0, ap = (np!=nb_points-1)?np+1:0;
-        const int
-          nx = (int)npoints(np,0), ny = (int)npoints(np,1), ay = (int)npoints(ap,1),
-          y0 = cy - nymin, y1 = ny - nymin;
-        if (y0!=y1) {
-          const int countermin = ((ny<ay && cy<ny) || (ny>ay && cy>ny))?1:0;
-          for (int x = cx, y = y0, _sx = 1, _sy = 1,
-                 _dx = nx>cx?nx-cx:((_sx=-1),cx-nx),
-                 _dy = y1>y0?y1-y0:((_sy=-1),y0-y1),
-                 _counter = ((_dx-=_dy?_dy*(_dx/_dy):0),_dy),
-                 _err = _dx>>1,
-                 _rx = _dy?(nx-cx)/_dy:0;
-               _counter>=countermin;
-               --_counter, y+=_sy, x+=_rx + ((_err-=_dx)<0?_err+=_dy,_sx:0))
-            if (y>=0 && y<(int)dy) X(++X(0,y),y) = x;
-          cp = np; cx = nx; cy = ny;
-        } else {
-          const int pp = (cp?cp-1:nb_points-1), py = (int)npoints(pp,1);
-          if (y0>=0 && y0<(int)dy) {
-            cimg_draw_scanline(cx<nx?cx:nx,cx<nx?nx:cx,y0+nymin,color,1,1);
-            if ((cy>py && ay>cy) || (cy<py && ay<cy)) X(++X(0,y0),y0) = cx;
-          }
-          if (cy!=ay) { cp = np; cx = nx; cy = ny; }
-        }
-      }
-
-      // Draw polygon scanlines.
-      for (int y = 0; y<(int)dy; ++y) {
-        tmp.assign(X.data(1,y),X(0,y),1,1,1,true).sort();
-        for (int i = 1; i<=X(0,y); ) {
-          const int xb = X(i++,y), xe = X(i++,y);
-          cimg_draw_scanline(xb,xe,nymin+y,color,1,1);
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a outlined 2d polygon \overloading.
-    template<typename t, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_polygon(const CImg<t>& points,
-                          const tc *const color, const float opacity, const unsigned int pattern) {
-      if (is_empty() || !points || points._width<3) return *this;
-      bool ninit_hatch = true;
-      switch (points._height) {
-      case 0 : case 1 :
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_polygon(): Invalid specified point set.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      case 2 : { // 2d version.
-        CImg<intT> npoints(points._width,2);
-        int x = npoints(0,0) = (int)points(0,0), y = npoints(0,1) = (int)points(0,1);
-        unsigned int nb_points = 1;
-        for (unsigned int p = 1; p<points._width; ++p) {
-          const int nx = (int)points(p,0), ny = (int)points(p,1);
-          if (nx!=x || ny!=y) { npoints(nb_points,0) = nx; npoints(nb_points++,1) = ny; x = nx; y = ny; }
-        }
-        const int x0 = (int)npoints(0,0), y0 = (int)npoints(0,1);
-        int ox = x0, oy = y0;
-        for (unsigned int i = 1; i<nb_points; ++i) {
-          const int x = (int)npoints(i,0), y = (int)npoints(i,1);
-          draw_line(ox,oy,x,y,color,opacity,pattern,ninit_hatch);
-          ninit_hatch = false;
-          ox = x; oy = y;
-        }
-        draw_line(ox,oy,x0,y0,color,opacity,pattern,false);
-      } break;
-      default : { // 3d version.
-        CImg<intT> npoints(points._width,3);
-        int
-          x = npoints(0,0) = (int)points(0,0),
-          y = npoints(0,1) = (int)points(0,1),
-          z = npoints(0,2) = (int)points(0,2);
-        unsigned int nb_points = 1;
-        for (unsigned int p = 1; p<points._width; ++p) {
-          const int nx = (int)points(p,0), ny = (int)points(p,1), nz = (int)points(p,2);
-          if (nx!=x || ny!=y || nz!=z) {
-            npoints(nb_points,0) = nx; npoints(nb_points,1) = ny; npoints(nb_points++,2) = nz;
-            x = nx; y = ny; z = nz;
-          }
-        }
-        const int x0 = (int)npoints(0,0), y0 = (int)npoints(0,1), z0 = (int)npoints(0,2);
-        int ox = x0, oy = y0, oz = z0;
-        for (unsigned int i = 1; i<nb_points; ++i) {
-          const int x = (int)npoints(i,0), y = (int)npoints(i,1), z = (int)npoints(i,2);
-          draw_line(ox,oy,oz,x,y,z,color,opacity,pattern,ninit_hatch);
-          ninit_hatch = false;
-          ox = x; oy = y; oz = z;
-        }
-        draw_line(ox,oy,oz,x0,y0,z0,color,opacity,pattern,false);
-      }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a filled 2d ellipse.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the ellipse center.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the ellipse center.
-       \param r1 First radius of the ellipse.
-       \param r2 Second radius of the ellipse.
-       \param angle Angle of the first radius.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-    **/
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_ellipse(const int x0, const int y0, const float r1, const float r2, const float angle,
-                          const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
-      return _draw_ellipse(x0,y0,r1,r2,angle,color,opacity,0U);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a filled 2d ellipse \overloading.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the ellipse center.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the ellipse center.
-       \param tensor Diffusion tensor describing the ellipse.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-    **/
-    template<typename t, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_ellipse(const int x0, const int y0, const CImg<t> &tensor,
-                          const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
-      CImgList<t> eig = tensor.get_symmetric_eigen();
-      const CImg<t> &val = eig[0], &vec = eig[1];
-      return draw_ellipse(x0,y0,std::sqrt(val(0)),std::sqrt(val(1)),
-                          std::atan2(vec(0,1),vec(0,0))*180/cimg::PI,
-                          color,opacity);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw an outlined 2d ellipse.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the ellipse center.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the ellipse center.
-       \param r1 First radius of the ellipse.
-       \param r2 Second radius of the ellipse.
-       \param angle Angle of the first radius.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the outline pattern.
-    **/
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_ellipse(const int x0, const int y0, const float r1, const float r2, const float angle,
-                          const tc *const color, const float opacity, const unsigned int pattern) {
-      if (pattern) _draw_ellipse(x0,y0,r1,r2,angle,color,opacity,pattern);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw an outlined 2d ellipse \overloading.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the ellipse center.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the ellipse center.
-       \param tensor Diffusion tensor describing the ellipse.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the outline pattern.
-    **/
-    template<typename t, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_ellipse(const int x0, const int y0, const CImg<t> &tensor,
-                          const tc *const color, const float opacity,
-                          const unsigned int pattern) {
-      CImgList<t> eig = tensor.get_symmetric_eigen();
-      const CImg<t> &val = eig[0], &vec = eig[1];
-      return draw_ellipse(x0,y0,std::sqrt(val(0)),std::sqrt(val(1)),
-                          std::atan2(vec(0,1),vec(0,0))*180/cimg::PI,
-                          color,opacity,pattern);
-    }
-
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& _draw_ellipse(const int x0, const int y0, const float r1, const float r2, const float angle,
-                           const tc *const color, const float opacity,
-                           const unsigned int pattern) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (!color)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_ellipse(): Specified color is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (r1<=0 || r2<=0) return draw_point(x0,y0,color,opacity);
-      cimg_init_scanline(color,opacity);
-      const float
-        nr1 = cimg::abs(r1), nr2 = cimg::abs(r2),
-        nangle = (float)(angle*cimg::PI/180),
-        u = (float)std::cos(nangle),
-        v = (float)std::sin(nangle),
-        rmax = cimg::max(nr1,nr2),
-        l1 = (float)std::pow(rmax/(nr1>0?nr1:1e-6),2),
-        l2 = (float)std::pow(rmax/(nr2>0?nr2:1e-6),2),
-        a = l1*u*u + l2*v*v,
-        b = u*v*(l1-l2),
-        c = l1*v*v + l2*u*u;
-      const int
-        yb = (int)std::sqrt(a*rmax*rmax/(a*c - b*b)),
-        tymin = y0 - yb - 1,
-        tymax = y0 + yb + 1,
-        ymin = tymin<0?0:tymin,
-        ymax = tymax>=height()?height()-1:tymax;
-      int oxmin = 0, oxmax = 0;
-      bool first_line = true;
-      for (int y = ymin; y<=ymax; ++y) {
-        const float
-          Y = y - y0 + (y<y0?0.5f:-0.5f),
-          delta = b*b*Y*Y - a*(c*Y*Y - rmax*rmax),
-          sdelta = delta>0?(float)std::sqrt(delta)/a:0.0f,
-          bY = b*Y/a,
-          fxmin = x0 - 0.5f - bY - sdelta,
-          fxmax = x0 + 0.5f - bY + sdelta;
-        const int xmin = (int)fxmin, xmax = (int)fxmax;
-        if (!pattern) cimg_draw_scanline(xmin,xmax,y,color,opacity,1);
-        else {
-          if (first_line) {
-            if (y0-yb>=0) cimg_draw_scanline(xmin,xmax,y,color,opacity,1);
-            else draw_point(xmin,y,color,opacity).draw_point(xmax,y,color,opacity);
-            first_line = false;
-          } else {
-            if (xmin<oxmin) cimg_draw_scanline(xmin,oxmin-1,y,color,opacity,1);
-            else cimg_draw_scanline(oxmin+(oxmin==xmin?0:1),xmin,y,color,opacity,1);
-            if (xmax<oxmax) cimg_draw_scanline(xmax,oxmax-1,y,color,opacity,1);
-            else cimg_draw_scanline(oxmax+(oxmax==xmax?0:1),xmax,y,color,opacity,1);
-            if (y==tymax) cimg_draw_scanline(xmin+1,xmax-1,y,color,opacity,1);
-          }
-        }
-        oxmin = xmin; oxmax = xmax;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a filled 2d circle.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the circle center.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the circle center.
-       \param radius  Circle radius.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \note
-       - Circle version of the Bresenham's algorithm is used.
-    **/
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_circle(const int x0, const int y0, int radius,
-                         const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (!color)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_circle(): Specified color is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      cimg_init_scanline(color,opacity);
-      if (radius<0 || x0-radius>=width() || y0+radius<0 || y0-radius>=height()) return *this;
-      if (y0>=0 && y0<height()) cimg_draw_scanline(x0-radius,x0+radius,y0,color,opacity,1);
-      for (int f = 1-radius, ddFx = 0, ddFy = -(radius<<1), x = 0, y = radius; x<y; ) {
-        if (f>=0) {
-          const int x1 = x0-x, x2 = x0+x, y1 = y0-y, y2 = y0+y;
-          if (y1>=0 && y1<height()) cimg_draw_scanline(x1,x2,y1,color,opacity,1);
-          if (y2>=0 && y2<height()) cimg_draw_scanline(x1,x2,y2,color,opacity,1);
-          f+=(ddFy+=2); --y;
-        }
-        const bool no_diag = y!=(x++);
-        ++(f+=(ddFx+=2));
-        const int x1 = x0-y, x2 = x0+y, y1 = y0-x, y2 = y0+x;
-        if (no_diag) {
-          if (y1>=0 && y1<height()) cimg_draw_scanline(x1,x2,y1,color,opacity,1);
-          if (y2>=0 && y2<height()) cimg_draw_scanline(x1,x2,y2,color,opacity,1);
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw an outlined 2d circle.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the circle center.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the circle center.
-       \param radius Circle radius.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the outline pattern.
-    **/
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_circle(const int x0, const int y0, int radius,
-                         const tc *const color, const float opacity,
-                         const unsigned int pattern) {
-      cimg::unused(pattern);
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (!color)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_circle(): Specified color is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (radius<0 || x0-radius>=width() || y0+radius<0 || y0-radius>=height()) return *this;
-      if (!radius) return draw_point(x0,y0,color,opacity);
-      draw_point(x0-radius,y0,color,opacity).draw_point(x0+radius,y0,color,opacity).
-        draw_point(x0,y0-radius,color,opacity).draw_point(x0,y0+radius,color,opacity);
-      if (radius==1) return *this;
-      for (int f = 1-radius, ddFx = 0, ddFy = -(radius<<1), x = 0, y = radius; x<y; ) {
-        if (f>=0) { f+=(ddFy+=2); --y; }
-        ++x; ++(f+=(ddFx+=2));
-        if (x!=y+1) {
-          const int x1 = x0-y, x2 = x0+y, y1 = y0-x, y2 = y0+x, x3 = x0-x, x4 = x0+x, y3 = y0-y, y4 = y0+y;
-          draw_point(x1,y1,color,opacity).draw_point(x1,y2,color,opacity).
-            draw_point(x2,y1,color,opacity).draw_point(x2,y2,color,opacity);
-          if (x!=y)
-            draw_point(x3,y3,color,opacity).draw_point(x4,y4,color,opacity).
-              draw_point(x4,y3,color,opacity).draw_point(x3,y4,color,opacity);
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw an image.
-    /**
-       \param sprite Sprite image.
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the sprite position.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the sprite position.
-       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the sprite position.
-       \param c0 C-coordinate of the sprite position.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& draw_image(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0, const int c0,
-                        const CImg<t>& sprite, const float opacity=1) {
-      if (is_empty() || !sprite) return *this;
-      if (is_overlapped(sprite)) return draw_image(x0,y0,z0,c0,+sprite,opacity);
-      if (x0==0 && y0==0 && z0==0 && c0==0 && is_sameXYZC(sprite) && opacity>=1 && !is_shared())
-        return assign(sprite,false);
-      const bool bx = (x0<0), by = (y0<0), bz = (z0<0), bc = (c0<0);
-      const int
-        lX = sprite.width() - (x0 + sprite.width()>width()?x0 + sprite.width() - width():0) + (bx?x0:0),
-        lY = sprite.height() - (y0 + sprite.height()>height()?y0 + sprite.height() - height():0) + (by?y0:0),
-        lZ = sprite.depth() - (z0 + sprite.depth()>depth()?z0 + sprite.depth() - depth():0) + (bz?z0:0),
-        lC = sprite.spectrum() - (c0 + sprite.spectrum()>spectrum()?c0 + sprite.spectrum() - spectrum():0) + (bc?c0:0);
-      const t
-        *ptrs = sprite._data -
-        (bx?x0:0) -
-        (by?y0*sprite.width():0) -
-        (bz?z0*sprite.width()*sprite.height():0) -
-        (bc?c0*sprite.width()*sprite.height()*sprite.depth():0);
-      const unsigned long
-        offX = (unsigned long)_width - lX,
-        soffX = (unsigned long)sprite._width - lX,
-        offY = (unsigned long)_width*(_height - lY),
-        soffY = (unsigned long)sprite._width*(sprite._height - lY),
-        offZ = (unsigned long)_width*_height*(_depth - lZ),
-        soffZ = (unsigned long)sprite._width*sprite._height*(sprite._depth - lZ);
-      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-      if (lX>0 && lY>0 && lZ>0 && lC>0) {
-        T *ptrd = data(x0<0?0:x0,y0<0?0:y0,z0<0?0:z0,c0<0?0:c0);
-        for (int v = 0; v<lC; ++v) {
-          for (int z = 0; z<lZ; ++z) {
-            for (int y = 0; y<lY; ++y) {
-              if (opacity>=1) for (int x = 0; x<lX; ++x) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-              else for (int x = 0; x<lX; ++x) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*(*(ptrs++)) + *ptrd*copacity); ++ptrd; }
-              ptrd+=offX; ptrs+=soffX;
-            }
-            ptrd+=offY; ptrs+=soffY;
-          }
-          ptrd+=offZ; ptrs+=soffZ;
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw an image \specialization.
-    CImg<T>& draw_image(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0, const int c0,
-                        const CImg<T>& sprite, const float opacity=1) {
-      if (is_empty() || !sprite) return *this;
-      if (is_overlapped(sprite)) return draw_image(x0,y0,z0,c0,+sprite,opacity);
-      if (x0==0 && y0==0 && z0==0 && c0==0 && is_sameXYZC(sprite) && opacity>=1 && !is_shared())
-        return assign(sprite,false);
-      const bool bx = (x0<0), by = (y0<0), bz = (z0<0), bc = (c0<0);
-      const int
-        lX = sprite.width() - (x0 + sprite.width()>width()?x0 + sprite.width() - width():0) + (bx?x0:0),
-        lY = sprite.height() - (y0 + sprite.height()>height()?y0 + sprite.height() - height():0) + (by?y0:0),
-        lZ = sprite.depth() - (z0 + sprite.depth()>depth()?z0 + sprite.depth() - depth():0) + (bz?z0:0),
-        lC = sprite.spectrum() - (c0 + sprite.spectrum()>spectrum()?c0 + sprite.spectrum() - spectrum():0) + (bc?c0:0);
-      const T
-        *ptrs = sprite._data -
-        (bx?x0:0) -
-        (by?y0*sprite.width():0) -
-        (bz?z0*sprite.width()*sprite.height():0) -
-        (bc?c0*sprite.width()*sprite.height()*sprite.depth():0);
-      const unsigned long
-        offX = (unsigned long)_width - lX,
-        soffX = (unsigned long)sprite._width - lX,
-        offY = (unsigned long)_width*(_height - lY),
-        soffY = (unsigned long)sprite._width*(sprite._height - lY),
-        offZ = (unsigned long)_width*_height*(_depth - lZ),
-        soffZ = (unsigned long)sprite._width*sprite._height*(sprite._depth - lZ),
-        slX = lX*sizeof(T);
-      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-      if (lX>0 && lY>0 && lZ>0 && lC>0) {
-        T *ptrd = data(x0<0?0:x0,y0<0?0:y0,z0<0?0:z0,c0<0?0:c0);
-        for (int v = 0; v<lC; ++v) {
-          for (int z = 0; z<lZ; ++z) {
-            if (opacity>=1)
-              for (int y = 0; y<lY; ++y) { std::memcpy(ptrd,ptrs,slX); ptrd+=_width; ptrs+=sprite._width; }
-            else for (int y = 0; y<lY; ++y) {
-                for (int x = 0; x<lX; ++x) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*(*(ptrs++)) + *ptrd*copacity); ++ptrd; }
-                ptrd+=offX; ptrs+=soffX;
-              }
-            ptrd+=offY; ptrs+=soffY;
-          }
-          ptrd+=offZ; ptrs+=soffZ;
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw an image \overloading.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& draw_image(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0,
-                        const CImg<t>& sprite, const float opacity=1) {
-      return draw_image(x0,y0,z0,0,sprite,opacity);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw an image \overloading.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& draw_image(const int x0, const int y0,
-                        const CImg<t>& sprite, const float opacity=1) {
-      return draw_image(x0,y0,0,sprite,opacity);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw an image \overloading.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& draw_image(const int x0,
-                        const CImg<t>& sprite, const float opacity=1) {
-      return draw_image(x0,0,sprite,opacity);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw an image \overloading.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImg<T>& draw_image(const CImg<t>& sprite, const float opacity=1) {
-      return draw_image(0,sprite,opacity);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a masked image.
-    /**
-       \param sprite Sprite image.
-       \param mask Mask image.
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the sprite position in the image instance.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the sprite position in the image instance.
-       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the sprite position in the image instance.
-       \param c0 C-coordinate of the sprite position in the image instance.
-       \param mask_max_value Maximum pixel value of the mask image \c mask.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \note
-       - Pixel values of \c mask set the opacity of the corresponding pixels in \c sprite.
-       - Dimensions along x,y and z of \p sprite and \p mask must be the same.
-    **/
-    template<typename ti, typename tm>
-    CImg<T>& draw_image(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0, const int c0,
-                        const CImg<ti>& sprite, const CImg<tm>& mask, const float opacity=1,
-                        const float mask_max_value=1) {
-      if (is_empty() || !sprite || !mask) return *this;
-      if (is_overlapped(sprite)) return draw_image(x0,y0,z0,c0,+sprite,mask,opacity,mask_max_value);
-      if (is_overlapped(mask))   return draw_image(x0,y0,z0,c0,sprite,+mask,opacity,mask_max_value);
-      if (mask._width!=sprite._width || mask._height!=sprite._height || mask._depth!=sprite._depth)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_image(): Sprite (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) and mask (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
-                                    "incompatible dimensions.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    sprite._width,sprite._height,sprite._depth,sprite._spectrum,sprite._data,
-                                    mask._width,mask._height,mask._depth,mask._spectrum,mask._data);
-
-      const bool bx = (x0<0), by = (y0<0), bz = (z0<0), bc = (c0<0);
-      const int
-        lX = sprite.width() - (x0 + sprite.width()>width()?x0 + sprite.width() - width():0) + (bx?x0:0),
-        lY = sprite.height() - (y0 + sprite.height()>height()?y0 + sprite.height() - height():0) + (by?y0:0),
-        lZ = sprite.depth() - (z0 + sprite.depth()>depth()?z0 + sprite.depth() - depth():0) + (bz?z0:0),
-        lC = sprite.spectrum() - (c0 + sprite.spectrum()>spectrum()?c0 + sprite.spectrum() - spectrum():0) + (bc?c0:0);
-      const int
-        coff = -(bx?x0:0)-(by?y0*mask.width():0)-(bz?z0*mask.width()*mask.height():0)-
-          (bc?c0*mask.width()*mask.height()*mask.depth():0),
-        ssize = mask.width()*mask.height()*mask.depth()*mask.spectrum();
-      const ti *ptrs = sprite._data + coff;
-      const tm *ptrm = mask._data   + coff;
-      const unsigned long
-        offX = (unsigned long)_width - lX,
-        soffX = (unsigned long)sprite._width - lX,
-        offY = (unsigned long)_width*(_height - lY),
-        soffY = (unsigned long)sprite._width*(sprite._height - lY),
-        offZ = (unsigned long)_width*_height*(_depth - lZ),
-        soffZ = (unsigned long)sprite._width*sprite._height*(sprite._depth - lZ);
-      if (lX>0 && lY>0 && lZ>0 && lC>0) {
-	T *ptrd = data(x0<0?0:x0,y0<0?0:y0,z0<0?0:z0,c0<0?0:c0);
-        for (int c = 0; c<lC; ++c) {
-          ptrm = mask._data + (ptrm - mask._data)%ssize;
-          for (int z = 0; z<lZ; ++z) {
-            for (int y = 0; y<lY; ++y) {
-              for (int x = 0; x<lX; ++x) {
-                const float mopacity = (float)(*(ptrm++)*opacity),
-                  nopacity = cimg::abs(mopacity), copacity = mask_max_value - cimg::max(mopacity,0);
-                *ptrd = (T)((nopacity*(*(ptrs++)) + *ptrd*copacity)/mask_max_value);
-                ++ptrd;
-              }
-              ptrd+=offX; ptrs+=soffX; ptrm+=soffX;
-            }
-            ptrd+=offY; ptrs+=soffY; ptrm+=soffY;
-          }
-          ptrd+=offZ; ptrs+=soffZ; ptrm+=soffZ;
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a masked image \overloading.
-    template<typename ti, typename tm>
-    CImg<T>& draw_image(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0,
-                        const CImg<ti>& sprite, const CImg<tm>& mask, const float opacity=1,
-                        const float mask_max_value=1) {
-      return draw_image(x0,y0,z0,0,sprite,mask,opacity,mask_max_value);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a image \overloading.
-    template<typename ti, typename tm>
-    CImg<T>& draw_image(const int x0, const int y0,
-                        const CImg<ti>& sprite, const CImg<tm>& mask, const float opacity=1,
-                        const float mask_max_value=1) {
-      return draw_image(x0,y0,0,sprite,mask,opacity,mask_max_value);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a image \overloading.
-    template<typename ti, typename tm>
-    CImg<T>& draw_image(const int x0,
-                        const CImg<ti>& sprite, const CImg<tm>& mask, const float opacity=1,
-                        const float mask_max_value=1) {
-      return draw_image(x0,0,sprite,mask,opacity,mask_max_value);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw an image.
-    template<typename ti, typename tm>
-    CImg<T>& draw_image(const CImg<ti>& sprite, const CImg<tm>& mask, const float opacity=1,
-                        const float mask_max_value=1) {
-      return draw_image(0,sprite,mask,opacity,mask_max_value);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a text string.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the text in the image instance.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the text in the image instance.
-       \param text Format of the text ('printf'-style format string).
-       \param foreground_color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the foreground drawing color.
-       \param background_color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the background drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param font Font used for drawing text.
-    **/
-    template<typename tc1, typename tc2, typename t>
-    CImg<T>& draw_text(const int x0, const int y0,
-                       const char *const text,
-                       const tc1 *const foreground_color, const tc2 *const background_color,
-                       const float opacity, const CImgList<t>& font, ...) {
-      if (!font) return *this;
-      char tmp[2048] = { 0 }; std::va_list ap; va_start(ap,font);
-      cimg_vsnprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),text,ap); va_end(ap);
-      return _draw_text(x0,y0,tmp,foreground_color,background_color,opacity,font,false);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a text string \overloading.
-    /**
-       \note A transparent background is used for the text.
-    **/
-    template<typename tc, typename t>
-    CImg<T>& draw_text(const int x0, const int y0,
-                       const char *const text,
-                       const tc *const foreground_color, const int,
-                       const float opacity, const CImgList<t>& font, ...) {
-      if (!font) return *this;
-      char tmp[2048] = { 0 }; std::va_list ap; va_start(ap,font);
-      cimg_vsnprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),text,ap); va_end(ap);
-      return _draw_text(x0,y0,tmp,foreground_color,(tc*)0,opacity,font,false);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a text string \overloading.
-    /**
-       \note A transparent foreground is used for the text.
-    **/
-    template<typename tc, typename t>
-    CImg<T>& draw_text(const int x0, const int y0,
-                       const char *const text,
-                       const int, const tc *const background_color,
-                       const float opacity, const CImgList<t>& font, ...) {
-      if (!font) return *this;
-      char tmp[2048] = { 0 }; std::va_list ap; va_start(ap,font);
-      cimg_vsnprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),text,ap); va_end(ap);
-      return _draw_text(x0,y0,tmp,(tc*)0,background_color,opacity,font,false);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a text string \overloading.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the text in the image instance.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the text in the image instance.
-       \param text Format of the text ('printf'-style format string).
-       \param foreground_color Array of spectrum() values of type \c T,
-         defining the foreground color (0 means 'transparent').
-       \param background_color Array of spectrum() values of type \c T,
-         defining the background color (0 means 'transparent').
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param font_height Height of the text font (exact match for 13,23,53,103, interpolated otherwise).
-    **/
-    template<typename tc1, typename tc2>
-    CImg<T>& draw_text(const int x0, const int y0,
-                       const char *const text,
-                       const tc1 *const foreground_color, const tc2 *const background_color,
-                       const float opacity=1, const unsigned int font_height=13, ...) {
-      if (!font_height) return *this;
-      char tmp[2048] = { 0 };
-      std::va_list ap; va_start(ap,font_height); cimg_vsnprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),text,ap); va_end(ap);
-      const CImgList<ucharT>& font = CImgList<ucharT>::font(font_height,true);
-      _draw_text(x0,y0,tmp,foreground_color,background_color,opacity,font,true);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a text string \overloading.
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_text(const int x0, const int y0,
-                       const char *const text,
-                       const tc *const foreground_color, const int background_color=0,
-                       const float opacity=1, const unsigned int font_height=13, ...) {
-      if (!font_height) return *this;
-      cimg::unused(background_color);
-      char tmp[2048] = { 0 };
-      std::va_list ap; va_start(ap,font_height); cimg_vsnprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),text,ap); va_end(ap);
-      return draw_text(x0,y0,"%s",foreground_color,(const tc*)0,opacity,font_height,tmp);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a text string \overloading.
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_text(const int x0, const int y0,
-                       const char *const text,
-                       const int, const tc *const background_color,
-                       const float opacity=1, const unsigned int font_height=13, ...) {
-      if (!font_height) return *this;
-      char tmp[2048] = { 0 };
-      std::va_list ap; va_start(ap,font_height); cimg_vsnprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),text,ap); va_end(ap);
-      return draw_text(x0,y0,"%s",(tc*)0,background_color,opacity,font_height,tmp);
-    }
-
-    template<typename tc1, typename tc2, typename t>
-    CImg<T>& _draw_text(const int x0, const int y0,
-                        const char *const text,
-                        const tc1 *const foreground_color, const tc2 *const background_color,
-                        const float opacity, const CImgList<t>& font,
-                        const bool is_native_font) {
-      if (!text) return *this;
-      if (!font)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_text(): Empty specified font.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      const unsigned int text_length = (unsigned int)std::strlen(text);
-      const bool _is_empty = is_empty();
-      if (_is_empty) {
-        // If needed, pre-compute necessary size of the image
-        int x = 0, y = 0, w = 0;
-        unsigned char c = 0;
-        for (unsigned int i = 0; i<text_length; ++i) {
-          c = text[i];
-          switch (c) {
-          case '\n' : y+=font[0]._height; if (x>w) w = x; x = 0; break;
-          case '\t' : x+=4*font[' ']._width; break;
-          default : if (c<font._width) x+=font[c]._width;
-          }
-        }
-        if (x!=0 || c=='\n') {
-          if (x>w) w=x;
-          y+=font[0]._height;
-        }
-        assign(x0+w,y0+y,1,is_native_font?1:font[0]._spectrum,0);
-      }
-
-      int x = x0, y = y0;
-      for (unsigned int i = 0; i<text_length; ++i) {
-        const unsigned char c = text[i];
-        switch (c) {
-        case '\n' : y+=font[0]._height; x = x0; break;
-        case '\t' : x+=4*font[' ']._width; break;
-        default : if (c<font._width) {
-            CImg<T> letter = font[c];
-            if (letter) {
-              if (is_native_font && _spectrum>letter._spectrum) letter.resize(-100,-100,1,_spectrum,0,2);
-              const unsigned int cmin = cimg::min(_spectrum,letter._spectrum);
-              if (foreground_color)
-                for (unsigned int c = 0; c<cmin; ++c)
-                  if (foreground_color[c]!=1) letter.get_shared_channel(c)*=foreground_color[c];
-              if (c+256<font.width()) { // Letter has mask.
-                if (background_color)
-                  for (unsigned int c = 0; c<cmin; ++c)
-                    draw_rectangle(x,y,0,c,x+letter._width-1,y+letter._height-1,0,c,background_color[c],opacity);
-                draw_image(x,y,letter,font[c+256],opacity,(T)255);
-              } else draw_image(x,y,letter,opacity); // Letter has no mask.
-              x+=letter._width;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a 2d vector field.
-    /**
-       \param flow Image of 2d vectors used as input data.
-       \param color Image of spectrum()-D vectors corresponding to the color of each arrow.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param sampling Length (in pixels) between each arrow.
-       \param factor Length factor of each arrow (if <0, computed as a percentage of the maximum length).
-       \param is_arrow Tells if arrows must be drawn, instead of oriented segments.
-       \param pattern Used pattern to draw lines.
-       \note Clipping is supported.
-    **/
-    template<typename t1, typename t2>
-    CImg<T>& draw_quiver(const CImg<t1>& flow,
-                         const t2 *const color, const float opacity=1,
-                         const unsigned int sampling=25, const float factor=-20,
-                         const bool is_arrow=true, const unsigned int pattern=~0U) {
-      return draw_quiver(flow,CImg<t2>(color,_spectrum,1,1,1,true),opacity,sampling,factor,is_arrow,pattern);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a 2d vector field, using a field of colors.
-    /**
-       \param flow Image of 2d vectors used as input data.
-       \param color Image of spectrum()-D vectors corresponding to the color of each arrow.
-       \param opacity Opacity of the drawing.
-       \param sampling Length (in pixels) between each arrow.
-       \param factor Length factor of each arrow (if <0, computed as a percentage of the maximum length).
-       \param is_arrow Tells if arrows must be drawn, instead of oriented segments.
-       \param pattern Used pattern to draw lines.
-       \note Clipping is supported.
-    **/
-    template<typename t1, typename t2>
-    CImg<T>& draw_quiver(const CImg<t1>& flow,
-                         const CImg<t2>& color, const float opacity=1,
-                         const unsigned int sampling=25, const float factor=-20,
-                         const bool is_arrow=true, const unsigned int pattern=~0U) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (!flow || flow._spectrum!=2)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_quiver(): Invalid dimensions of specified flow (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    flow._width,flow._height,flow._depth,flow._spectrum,flow._data);
-      if (sampling<=0)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_quiver(): Invalid sampling value %g "
-                                    "(should be >0)",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    sampling);
-      const bool colorfield = (color._width==flow._width && color._height==flow._height &&
-                               color._depth==1 && color._spectrum==_spectrum);
-      if (is_overlapped(flow)) return draw_quiver(+flow,color,opacity,sampling,factor,is_arrow,pattern);
-      float vmax,fact;
-      if (factor<=0) {
-        float m, M = (float)flow.get_norm(2).max_min(m);
-        vmax = (float)cimg::max(cimg::abs(m),cimg::abs(M));
-        if (!vmax) vmax = 1;
-        fact = -factor;
-      } else { fact = factor; vmax = 1; }
-
-      for (unsigned int y = sampling/2; y<_height; y+=sampling)
-        for (unsigned int x = sampling/2; x<_width; x+=sampling) {
-          const unsigned int X = x*flow._width/_width, Y = y*flow._height/_height;
-          float u = (float)flow(X,Y,0,0)*fact/vmax, v = (float)flow(X,Y,0,1)*fact/vmax;
-          if (is_arrow) {
-            const int xx = x+(int)u, yy = y+(int)v;
-            if (colorfield) draw_arrow(x,y,xx,yy,color.get_vector_at(X,Y)._data,opacity,45,sampling/5.0f,pattern);
-            else draw_arrow(x,y,xx,yy,color._data,opacity,45,sampling/5.0f,pattern);
-          } else {
-            if (colorfield)
-              draw_line((int)(x-0.5*u),(int)(y-0.5*v),(int)(x+0.5*u),(int)(y+0.5*v),
-                        color.get_vector_at(X,Y)._data,opacity,pattern);
-            else draw_line((int)(x-0.5*u),(int)(y-0.5*v),(int)(x+0.5*u),(int)(y+0.5*v),
-                           color._data,opacity,pattern);
-          }
-        }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a labeled horizontal axis.
-    /**
-       \param values_x Values along the horizontal axis.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the horizontal axis in the image instance.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param pattern Drawing pattern.
-       \param font_height Height of the labels (exact match for 13,23,53,103, interpolated otherwise).
-       \param allow_zero Enable/disable the drawing of label '0' if found.
-    **/
-    template<typename t, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_axis(const CImg<t>& values_x, const int y,
-                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
-                       const unsigned int pattern=~0U, const unsigned int font_height=13,
-                       const bool allow_zero=true) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const int yt = (y+3+font_height)<_height?(y+3):(y-2-font_height);
-      const int siz = (int)values_x.size()-1;
-      char txt[32] = { 0 };
-      CImg<T> label;
-      if (siz<=0) { // Degenerated case.
-        draw_line(0,y,_width-1,y,color,opacity,pattern);
-        if (!siz) {
-          cimg_snprintf(txt,sizeof(txt),"%g",(double)*values_x);
-          label.assign().draw_text(0,0,txt,color,(tc*)0,opacity,font_height);
-          const int
-            _xt = (width() - label.width())/2,
-            xt = _xt<3?3:_xt+label.width()>=width()-2?width()-3-label.width():_xt;
-          draw_point(width()/2,y-1,color,opacity).draw_point(width()/2,y+1,color,opacity);
-          if (allow_zero || txt[0]!='0' || txt[1]!=0)
-            draw_text(xt,yt,txt,color,(tc*)0,opacity,font_height);
-        }
-      } else { // Regular case.
-        if (values_x[0]<values_x[siz]) draw_arrow(0,y,_width-1,y,color,opacity,30,5,pattern);
-        else draw_arrow(_width-1,y,0,y,color,opacity,30,5,pattern);
-        cimg_foroff(values_x,x) {
-          cimg_snprintf(txt,sizeof(txt),"%g",(double)values_x(x));
-          label.assign().draw_text(0,0,txt,color,(tc*)0,opacity,font_height);
-          const int
-            xi = (int)(x*(_width-1)/siz),
-            _xt = xi - label.width()/2,
-            xt = _xt<3?3:_xt+label.width()>=width()-2?width()-3-label.width():_xt;
-          draw_point(xi,y-1,color,opacity).draw_point(xi,y+1,color,opacity);
-          if (allow_zero || txt[0]!='0' || txt[1]!=0)
-            draw_text(xt,yt,txt,color,(tc*)0,opacity,font_height);
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a labeled vertical axis.
-    /**
-       \param x X-coordinate of the vertical axis in the image instance.
-       \param values_y Values along the Y-axis.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param pattern Drawing pattern.
-       \param font_height Height of the labels (exact match for 13,23,53,103, interpolated otherwise).
-       \param allow_zero Enable/disable the drawing of label '0' if found.
-    **/
-    template<typename t, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_axis(const int x, const CImg<t>& values_y,
-                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
-                       const unsigned int pattern=~0U, const unsigned int font_height=13,
-                       const bool allow_zero=true) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      int siz = (int)values_y.size()-1;
-      char txt[32] = { 0 };
-      CImg<T> label;
-      if (siz<=0) { // Degenerated case.
-        draw_line(x,0,x,_height-1,color,opacity,pattern);
-        if (!siz) {
-          cimg_snprintf(txt,sizeof(txt),"%g",(double)*values_y);
-          label.assign().draw_text(0,0,txt,color,(tc*)0,opacity,font_height);
-          const int
-            _yt = (height() - label.height())/2,
-            yt = _yt<0?0:_yt+label.height()>=height()?height()-1-label.height():_yt,
-            _xt = x - 2 - label.width(),
-            xt = _xt>=0?_xt:x+3;
-          draw_point(x-1,height()/2,color,opacity).draw_point(x+1,height()/2,color,opacity);
-          if (allow_zero || txt[0]!='0' || txt[1]!=0)
-            draw_text(xt,yt,txt,color,(tc*)0,opacity,font_height);
-        }
-      } else { // Regular case.
-        if (values_y[0]<values_y[siz]) draw_arrow(x,0,x,_height-1,color,opacity,30,5,pattern);
-        else draw_arrow(x,_height-1,x,0,color,opacity,30,5,pattern);
-        cimg_foroff(values_y,y) {
-          cimg_snprintf(txt,sizeof(txt),"%g",(double)values_y(y));
-          label.assign().draw_text(0,0,txt,color,(tc*)0,opacity,font_height);
-          const int
-            yi = (int)(y*(_height-1)/siz),
-            _yt = yi - label.height()/2,
-            yt = _yt<0?0:_yt+label.height()>=height()?height()-1-label.height():_yt,
-            _xt = x - 2 - label.width(),
-            xt = _xt>=0?_xt:x+3;
-          draw_point(x-1,yi,color,opacity).draw_point(x+1,yi,color,opacity);
-          if (allow_zero || txt[0]!='0' || txt[1]!=0)
-            draw_text(xt,yt,txt,color,(tc*)0,opacity,font_height);
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw labeled horizontal and vertical axes.
-    /**
-       \param values_x Values along the X-axis.
-       \param values_y Values along the Y-axis.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param pattern_x Drawing pattern for the X-axis.
-       \param pattern_y Drawing pattern for the Y-axis.
-       \param font_height Height of the labels (exact match for 13,23,53,103, interpolated otherwise).
-       \param allow_zero Enable/disable the drawing of label '0' if found.
-    **/
-    template<typename tx, typename ty, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_axes(const CImg<tx>& values_x, const CImg<ty>& values_y,
-                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
-                       const unsigned int pattern_x=~0U, const unsigned int pattern_y=~0U,
-                       const unsigned int font_height=13, const bool allow_zero=true) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const CImg<tx> nvalues_x(values_x._data,values_x.size(),1,1,1,true);
-      const int sizx = (int)values_x.size()-1, wm1 = width()-1;
-      if (sizx>=0) {
-        float ox = (float)*nvalues_x;
-        for (unsigned int x = sizx?1:0; x<_width; ++x) {
-          const float nx = (float)nvalues_x._linear_atX((float)x*sizx/wm1);
-          if (nx*ox<=0) { draw_axis(nx==0?x:x-1,values_y,color,opacity,pattern_y,font_height,allow_zero); break; }
-          ox = nx;
-        }
-      }
-      const CImg<ty> nvalues_y(values_y._data,values_y.size(),1,1,1,true);
-      const int sizy = (int)values_y.size()-1, hm1 = height()-1;
-      if (sizy>0) {
-        float oy = (float)nvalues_y[0];
-        for (unsigned int y = sizy?1:0; y<_height; ++y) {
-          const float ny = (float)nvalues_y._linear_atX((float)y*sizy/hm1);
-          if (ny*oy<=0) { draw_axis(values_x,ny==0?y:y-1,color,opacity,pattern_x,font_height,allow_zero); break; }
-          oy = ny;
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw labeled horizontal and vertical axes \overloading.
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_axes(const float x0, const float x1, const float y0, const float y1,
-                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
-                       const int subdivisionx=-60, const int subdivisiony=-60,
-                       const float precisionx=0, const float precisiony=0,
-                       const unsigned int pattern_x=~0U, const unsigned int pattern_y=~0U,
-                       const unsigned int font_height=13) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const bool allow_zero = (x0*x1>0) || (y0*y1>0);
-      const float
-        dx = cimg::abs(x1-x0), dy = cimg::abs(y1-y0),
-        px = dx<=0?1:precisionx==0?(float)std::pow(10.0,(int)std::log10(dx)-2.0):precisionx,
-        py = dy<=0?1:precisiony==0?(float)std::pow(10.0,(int)std::log10(dy)-2.0):precisiony;
-      if (x0!=x1 && y0!=y1)
-        draw_axes(CImg<floatT>::sequence(subdivisionx>0?subdivisionx:1-width()/subdivisionx,x0,x1).round(px),
-                  CImg<floatT>::sequence(subdivisiony>0?subdivisiony:1-height()/subdivisiony,y0,y1).round(py),
-                  color,opacity,pattern_x,pattern_y,font_height,allow_zero);
-      else if (x0==x1 && y0!=y1)
-        draw_axis((int)x0,CImg<floatT>::sequence(subdivisiony>0?subdivisiony:1-height()/subdivisiony,y0,y1).round(py),
-                  color,opacity,pattern_y,font_height);
-      else if (x0!=x1 && y0==y1)
-        draw_axis(CImg<floatT>::sequence(subdivisionx>0?subdivisionx:1-width()/subdivisionx,x0,x1).round(px),(int)y0,
-                  color,opacity,pattern_x,font_height);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw 2d grid.
-    /**
-       \param values_x X-coordinates of the vertical lines.
-       \param values_y Y-coordinates of the horizontal lines.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param pattern_x Drawing pattern for vertical lines.
-       \param pattern_y Drawing pattern for horizontal lines.
-    **/
-    template<typename tx, typename ty, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_grid(const CImg<tx>& values_x, const CImg<ty>& values_y,
-                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
-                       const unsigned int pattern_x=~0U, const unsigned int pattern_y=~0U) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (values_x) cimg_foroff(values_x,x) {
-          const int xi = (int)values_x[x];
-          if (xi>=0 && xi<width()) draw_line(xi,0,xi,_height-1,color,opacity,pattern_x);
-        }
-      if (values_y) cimg_foroff(values_y,y) {
-          const int yi = (int)values_y[y];
-          if (yi>=0 && yi<height()) draw_line(0,yi,_width-1,yi,color,opacity,pattern_y);
-        }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw 2d grid \simplification.
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_grid(const float delta_x,  const float delta_y,
-                       const float offsetx, const float offsety,
-                       const bool invertx, const bool inverty,
-                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
-                       const unsigned int pattern_x=~0U, const unsigned int pattern_y=~0U) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      CImg<uintT> seqx, seqy;
-      if (delta_x!=0) {
-        const float dx = delta_x>0?delta_x:_width*-delta_x/100;
-        const unsigned int nx = (unsigned int)(_width/dx);
-        seqx = CImg<uintT>::sequence(1+nx,0,(unsigned int)(dx*nx));
-        if (offsetx) cimg_foroff(seqx,x) seqx(x) = (unsigned int)cimg::mod(seqx(x)+offsetx,(float)_width);
-        if (invertx) cimg_foroff(seqx,x) seqx(x) = _width - 1 - seqx(x);
-      }
-      if (delta_y!=0) {
-        const float dy = delta_y>0?delta_y:_height*-delta_y/100;
-        const unsigned int ny = (unsigned int)(_height/dy);
-        seqy = CImg<uintT>::sequence(1+ny,0,(unsigned int)(dy*ny));
-        if (offsety) cimg_foroff(seqy,y) seqy(y) = (unsigned int)cimg::mod(seqy(y)+offsety,(float)_height);
-        if (inverty) cimg_foroff(seqy,y) seqy(y) = _height - 1 - seqy(y);
-     }
-      return draw_grid(seqx,seqy,color,opacity,pattern_x,pattern_y);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw 1d graph.
-    /**
-       \param data Image containing the graph values I = f(x).
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-
-       \param plot_type Define the type of the plot:
-                      - 0 = No plot.
-                      - 1 = Plot using segments.
-                      - 2 = Plot using cubic splines.
-                      - 3 = Plot with bars.
-       \param vertex_type Define the type of points:
-                      - 0 = No points.
-                      - 1 = Point.
-                      - 2 = Straight cross.
-                      - 3 = Diagonal cross.
-                      - 4 = Filled circle.
-                      - 5 = Outlined circle.
-                      - 6 = Square.
-                      - 7 = Diamond.
-       \param ymin Lower bound of the y-range.
-       \param ymax Upper bound of the y-range.
-       \param pattern Drawing pattern.
-       \note
-         - if \c ymin==ymax==0, the y-range is computed automatically from the input samples.
-    **/
-    template<typename t, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_graph(const CImg<t>& data,
-                        const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
-                        const unsigned int plot_type=1, const int vertex_type=1,
-                        const double ymin=0, const double ymax=0, const unsigned int pattern=~0U) {
-      if (is_empty() || _height<=1) return *this;
-      if (!color)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_graph(): Specified color is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      // Create shaded colors for displaying bar plots.
-      CImg<tc> color1, color2;
-      if (plot_type==3) {
-        color1.assign(_spectrum); color2.assign(_spectrum);
-        cimg_forC(*this,c) {
-          color1[c] = (tc)cimg::min((float)cimg::type<tc>::max(),color[c]*1.2f);
-          color2[c] = (tc)(color[c]*0.4f);
-        }
-      }
-
-      // Compute min/max and normalization factors.
-      const unsigned long
-        siz = data.size(),
-        _siz1 = siz - (plot_type!=3?1:0),
-        siz1 = _siz1?_siz1:1;
-      const unsigned int
-        _width1 = _width - (plot_type!=3?1:0),
-        width1 = _width1?_width1:1;
-      double m = ymin, M = ymax;
-      if (ymin==ymax) m = (double)data.max_min(M);
-      if (m==M) { --m; ++M; }
-      const float ca = (float)(M-m)/(_height-1);
-      bool init_hatch = true;
-
-      // Draw graph edges
-      switch (plot_type%4) {
-      case 1 : { // Segments
-        int oX = 0, oY = (int)((data[0]-m)/ca);
-        const float fx = (float)_width1/siz1;
-        if (siz==1) {
-          const int Y = (int)((*data-m)/ca);
-          draw_line(0,Y,width()-1,Y,color,opacity,pattern);
-        } else for (unsigned long off = 1; off<siz; ++off) {
-            const int
-              X = (int)(off*fx),
-              Y = (int)((data[off]-m)/ca);
-            draw_line(oX,oY,X,Y,color,opacity,pattern,init_hatch);
-            oX = X; oY = Y;
-            init_hatch = false;
-          }
-      } break;
-      case 2 : { // Spline
-        const CImg<t> ndata(data._data,siz,1,1,1,true);
-        int oY = (int)((data[0]-m)/ca);
-        cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-          const int Y = (int)((ndata._cubic_atX((float)x*siz1/width1)-m)/ca);
-          if (x>0) draw_line(x,oY,x+1,Y,color,opacity,pattern,init_hatch);
-          init_hatch = false;
-          oY = Y;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 3 : { // Bars
-        const int Y0 = (int)(-m/ca);
-        const float fx = (float)_width/(siz-1);
-        int oX = 0;
-        cimg_foroff(data,off) {
-          const int
-            X = (int)((off+1)*fx),
-            Y = (int)((data[off]-m)/ca);
-          draw_rectangle(oX,Y0,X,Y,color,opacity).
-            draw_line(oX,Y,oX,Y0,color2.data(),opacity).
-            draw_line(oX,Y0,X,Y0,Y<=Y0?color2.data():color1.data(),opacity).
-            draw_line(X,Y,X,Y0,color1.data(),opacity).
-            draw_line(oX,Y,X,Y,Y<=Y0?color1.data():color2.data(),opacity);
-          oX = X+1;
-        }
-      } break;
-      default : break; // No edges
-      }
-
-      // Draw graph points
-      const unsigned int wb2 = plot_type==3?_width1/(2*siz):0;
-      const float fx = (float)_width1/siz1;
-      switch (vertex_type%8) {
-      case 1 : { // Point
-        cimg_foroff(data,off) {
-          const int
-            X = (int)(off*fx) + wb2,
-            Y = (int)((data[off]-m)/ca);
-          draw_point(X,Y,color,opacity);
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 2 : { // Straight Cross
-        cimg_foroff(data,off) {
-          const int
-            X = (int)(off*fx) + wb2,
-            Y = (int)((data[off]-m)/ca);
-          draw_line(X-3,Y,X+3,Y,color,opacity).draw_line(X,Y-3,X,Y+3,color,opacity);
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 3 : { // Diagonal Cross
-        cimg_foroff(data,off) {
-          const int
-            X = (int)(off*fx) + wb2,
-            Y = (int)((data[off]-m)/ca);
-          draw_line(X-3,Y-3,X+3,Y+3,color,opacity).draw_line(X-3,Y+3,X+3,Y-3,color,opacity);
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 4 : { // Filled Circle
-        cimg_foroff(data,off) {
-          const int
-            X = (int)(off*fx) + wb2,
-            Y = (int)((data[off]-m)/ca);
-          draw_circle(X,Y,3,color,opacity);
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 5 : { // Outlined circle
-        cimg_foroff(data,off) {
-          const int
-            X = (int)(off*fx) + wb2,
-            Y = (int)((data[off]-m)/ca);
-          draw_circle(X,Y,3,color,opacity,0U);
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 6 : { // Square
-        cimg_foroff(data,off) {
-          const int
-            X = (int)(off*fx) + wb2,
-            Y = (int)((data[off]-m)/ca);
-          draw_rectangle(X-3,Y-3,X+3,Y+3,color,opacity,~0U);
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 7 : { // Diamond
-        cimg_foroff(data,off) {
-          const int
-            X = (int)(off*fx) + wb2,
-            Y = (int)((data[off]-m)/ca);
-          draw_line(X,Y-4,X+4,Y,color,opacity).
-            draw_line(X+4,Y,X,Y+4,color,opacity).
-            draw_line(X,Y+4,X-4,Y,color,opacity).
-            draw_line(X-4,Y,X,Y-4,color,opacity);
-        }
-      } break;
-      default : break; // No points
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw filled 3d region with the flood fill algorithm.
-    /**
-       \param x X-coordinate of the starting point of the region to fill.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the starting point of the region to fill.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the starting point of the region to fill.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
-       \param[out] region Image that will contain the mask of the filled region mask, as an output.
-       \param sigma Tolerance concerning neighborhood values.
-       \param opacity Opacity of the drawing.
-       \param is_high_connexity Tells if 8-connexity must be used (only for 2d images).
-       \return \c region is initialized with the binary mask of the filled region.
-    **/
-    template<typename tc, typename t>
-    CImg<T>& draw_fill(const int x, const int y, const int z,
-                       const tc *const color, const float opacity,
-                       CImg<t>& region, const float sigma=0,
-                       const bool is_high_connexity=false) {
-
-#define _cimg_draw_fill_test(x,y,z,res) if (region(x,y,z)) res = false; else { \
-  res = true; \
-  const T *reference_col = reference_color._data + _spectrum, *ptrs = data(x,y,z) + siz; \
-  for (unsigned int i = _spectrum; res && i; --i) { ptrs-=whd; res = (cimg::abs(*ptrs - *(--reference_col))<=sigma); } \
-  region(x,y,z) = (t)(res?1:noregion); \
-}
-
-#define _cimg_draw_fill_set(x,y,z) { \
-  const tc *col = color; \
-  T *ptrd = data(x,y,z); \
-  if (opacity>=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)*(col++); ptrd+=whd; } \
-  else cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*(col++)*nopacity + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=whd; } \
-}
-
-#define _cimg_draw_fill_insert(x,y,z) { \
-  if (posr1>=remaining._height) remaining.resize(3,remaining._height<<1,1,1,0); \
-  unsigned int *ptrr = remaining.data(0,posr1); \
-  *(ptrr++) = x; *(ptrr++) = y; *(ptrr++) = z; ++posr1; \
-}
-
-#define _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(x,y,z,cond) if (cond) { \
-  const unsigned int tx = x, ty = y, tz = z; \
-  _cimg_draw_fill_test(tx,ty,tz,res); if (res) _cimg_draw_fill_insert(tx,ty,tz); \
-}
-
-      if (!color)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_fill(): Specified color is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      region.assign(_width,_height,_depth,1,(t)0);
-      if (x>=0 && x<width() && y>=0 && y<height() && z>=0 && z<depth()) {
-        const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-        const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth, siz = (unsigned long)_spectrum*whd;
-        const unsigned int W1 = _width-1, H1 = _height-1, D1 = _depth-1;
-        const bool is_3d = (_depth>1);
-        const CImg<T> reference_color = get_vector_at(x,y,z);
-        CImg<uintT> remaining(3,512,1,1,0);
-        remaining(0,0) = x; remaining(1,0) = y; remaining(2,0) = z;
-        unsigned int posr0 = 0, posr1 = 1;
-        region(x,y,z) = (t)1;
-        const t noregion = ((t)1==(t)2)?(t)0:(t)(-1);
-        if (is_3d) do { // 3d version of the filling algorithm
-          const unsigned int *pcurr = remaining.data(0,posr0++), xc = *(pcurr++), yc = *(pcurr++), zc = *(pcurr++);
-          if (posr0>=512) { remaining.shift(0,-(int)posr0); posr1-=posr0; posr0 = 0; }
-          bool cont, res;
-          unsigned int nxc = xc;
-          do { // X-backward
-            _cimg_draw_fill_set(nxc,yc,zc);
-            _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc-1,zc,yc!=0);
-            _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc+1,zc,yc<H1);
-            _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc,zc-1,zc!=0);
-            _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc,zc+1,zc<D1);
-            if (nxc) { --nxc; _cimg_draw_fill_test(nxc,yc,zc,cont); } else cont = false;
-          } while (cont);
-          nxc = xc;
-          do { // X-forward
-            if ((++nxc)<=W1) { _cimg_draw_fill_test(nxc,yc,zc,cont); } else cont = false;
-            if (cont) {
-              _cimg_draw_fill_set(nxc,yc,zc);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc-1,zc,yc!=0);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc+1,zc,yc<H1);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc,zc-1,zc!=0);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc,zc+1,zc<D1);
-            }
-          } while (cont);
-          unsigned int nyc = yc;
-          do { // Y-backward
-            if (nyc) { --nyc; _cimg_draw_fill_test(xc,nyc,zc,cont); } else cont = false;
-            if (cont) {
-              _cimg_draw_fill_set(xc,nyc,zc);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc-1,nyc,zc,xc!=0);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc+1,nyc,zc,xc<W1);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc,nyc,zc-1,zc!=0);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc,nyc,zc+1,zc<D1);
-            }
-          } while (cont);
-          nyc = yc;
-          do { // Y-forward
-            if ((++nyc)<=H1) { _cimg_draw_fill_test(xc,nyc,zc,cont); } else cont = false;
-            if (cont) {
-              _cimg_draw_fill_set(xc,nyc,zc);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc-1,nyc,zc,xc!=0);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc+1,nyc,zc,xc<W1);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc,nyc,zc-1,zc!=0);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc,nyc,zc+1,zc<D1);
-            }
-          } while (cont);
-          unsigned int nzc = zc;
-          do { // Z-backward
-            if (nzc) { --nzc; _cimg_draw_fill_test(xc,yc,nzc,cont); } else cont = false;
-            if (cont) {
-              _cimg_draw_fill_set(xc,yc,nzc);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc-1,yc,nzc,xc!=0);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc+1,yc,nzc,xc<W1);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc,yc-1,nzc,yc!=0);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc,yc+1,nzc,yc<H1);
-            }
-          } while (cont);
-          nzc = zc;
-          do { // Z-forward
-            if ((++nzc)<=D1) { _cimg_draw_fill_test(xc,yc,nzc,cont); } else cont = false;
-            if (cont) {
-              _cimg_draw_fill_set(xc,nyc,zc);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc-1,yc,nzc,xc!=0);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc+1,yc,nzc,xc<W1);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc,yc-1,nzc,yc!=0);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc,yc+1,nzc,yc<H1);
-            }
-          } while (cont);
-        } while (posr1>posr0);
-        else do { // 2d version of the filling algorithm
-          const unsigned int *pcurr = remaining.data(0,posr0++), xc = *(pcurr++), yc = *(pcurr++);
-          if (posr0>=512) { remaining.shift(0,-(int)posr0); posr1-=posr0; posr0 = 0; }
-          bool cont, res;
-          unsigned int nxc = xc;
-          do { // X-backward
-            _cimg_draw_fill_set(nxc,yc,0);
-            _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc-1,0,yc!=0);
-            _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc+1,0,yc<H1);
-            if (is_high_connexity) {
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc-1,yc-1,0,(nxc!=0 && yc!=0));
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc+1,yc-1,0,(nxc<W1 && yc!=0));
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc-1,yc+1,0,(nxc!=0 && yc<H1));
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc+1,yc+1,0,(nxc<W1 && yc<H1));
-            }
-            if (nxc) { --nxc; _cimg_draw_fill_test(nxc,yc,0,cont); } else cont = false;
-          } while (cont);
-          nxc = xc;
-          do { // X-forward
-            if ((++nxc)<=W1) { _cimg_draw_fill_test(nxc,yc,0,cont); } else cont = false;
-            if (cont) {
-              _cimg_draw_fill_set(nxc,yc,0);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc-1,0,yc!=0);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc+1,0,yc<H1);
-              if (is_high_connexity) {
-                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc-1,yc-1,0,(nxc!=0 && yc!=0));
-                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc+1,yc-1,0,(nxc<W1 && yc!=0));
-                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc-1,yc+1,0,(nxc!=0 && yc<H1));
-                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc+1,yc+1,0,(nxc<W1 && yc<H1));
-              }
-            }
-          } while (cont);
-          unsigned int nyc = yc;
-          do { // Y-backward
-            if (nyc) { --nyc; _cimg_draw_fill_test(xc,nyc,0,cont); } else cont = false;
-            if (cont) {
-              _cimg_draw_fill_set(xc,nyc,0);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc-1,nyc,0,xc!=0);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc+1,nyc,0,xc<W1);
-              if (is_high_connexity) {
-                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc-1,nyc-1,0,(xc!=0 && nyc!=0));
-                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc+1,nyc-1,0,(xc<W1 && nyc!=0));
-                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc-1,nyc+1,0,(xc!=0 && nyc<H1));
-                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc+1,nyc+1,0,(xc<W1 && nyc<H1));
-              }
-            }
-          } while (cont);
-          nyc = yc;
-          do { // Y-forward
-            if ((++nyc)<=H1) { _cimg_draw_fill_test(xc,nyc,0,cont); } else cont = false;
-            if (cont) {
-              _cimg_draw_fill_set(xc,nyc,0);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc-1,nyc,0,xc!=0);
-              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc+1,nyc,0,xc<W1);
-              if (is_high_connexity) {
-                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc-1,nyc-1,0,(xc!=0 && nyc!=0));
-                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc+1,nyc-1,0,(xc<W1 && nyc!=0));
-                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc-1,nyc+1,0,(xc!=0 && nyc<H1));
-                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc+1,nyc+1,0,(xc<W1 && nyc<H1));
-              }
-            }
-          } while (cont);
-        } while (posr1>posr0);
-        if (noregion) cimg_for(region,ptrd,t) if (*ptrd==noregion) *ptrd = (t)0;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw filled 3d region with the flood fill algorithm \simplification.
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_fill(const int x, const int y, const int z,
-                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
-                       const float sigma=0, const bool is_high_connexity=false) {
-      CImg<boolT> tmp;
-      return draw_fill(x,y,z,color,opacity,tmp,sigma,is_high_connexity);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw filled 2d region with the flood fill algorithm \simplification.
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_fill(const int x, const int y,
-                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
-                       const float sigma=0, const bool is_high_connexity=false) {
-      CImg<boolT> tmp;
-      return draw_fill(x,y,0,color,opacity,tmp,sigma,is_high_connexity);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a random plasma texture.
-    /**
-       \param alpha Alpha-parameter.
-       \param beta Beta-parameter.
-       \param scale Scale-parameter.
-       \note Use the mid-point algorithm to render.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& draw_plasma(const float alpha=1, const float beta=0, const unsigned int scale=8) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      const int w = width(), h = height();
-      const Tfloat m = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::min(), M = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::max();
-      cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
-        CImg<T> ref = get_shared_slice(z,c);
-        for (int delta = 1<<cimg::min(scale,31U); delta>1; delta>>=1) {
-          const int delta2 = delta>>1;
-          const float r = alpha*delta + beta;
-
-          // Square step.
-          for (int y0 = 0; y0<h; y0+=delta)
-            for (int x0 = 0; x0<w; x0+=delta) {
-              const int x1 = (x0 + delta)%w, y1 = (y0 + delta)%h, xc = (x0 + delta2)%w, yc = (y0 + delta2)%h;
-              const Tfloat val = (Tfloat)(0.25f*(ref(x0,y0) + ref(x0,y1) + ref(x0,y1) + ref(x1,y1)) + r*cimg::crand());
-              ref(xc,yc) = (T)(val<m?m:val>M?M:val);
-            }
-
-          // Diamond steps.
-          for (int y = -delta2; y<h; y+=delta)
-            for (int x0=0; x0<w; x0+=delta) {
-              const int y0 = cimg::mod(y,h), x1 = (x0 + delta)%w, y1 = (y + delta)%h,
-                xc = (x0 + delta2)%w, yc = (y + delta2)%h;
-              const Tfloat val = (Tfloat)(0.25f*(ref(xc,y0) + ref(x0,yc) + ref(xc,y1) + ref(x1,yc)) + r*cimg::crand());
-              ref(xc,yc) = (T)(val<m?m:val>M?M:val);
-            }
-          for (int y0 = 0; y0<h; y0+=delta)
-            for (int x = -delta2; x<w; x+=delta) {
-              const int x0 = cimg::mod(x,w), x1 = (x + delta)%w, y1 = (y0 + delta)%h,
-                xc = (x + delta2)%w, yc = (y0 + delta2)%h;
-              const Tfloat val = (Tfloat)(0.25f*(ref(xc,y0) + ref(x0,yc) + ref(xc,y1) + ref(x1,yc)) + r*cimg::crand());
-              ref(xc,yc) = (T)(val<m?m:val>M?M:val);
-            }
-          for (int y = -delta2; y<h; y+=delta)
-            for (int x = -delta2; x<w; x+=delta) {
-              const int x0 = cimg::mod(x,w), y0 = cimg::mod(y,h), x1 = (x + delta)%w, y1 = (y + delta)%h,
-                xc = (x + delta2)%w, yc = (y + delta2)%h;
-              const Tfloat val = (Tfloat)(0.25f*(ref(xc,y0) + ref(x0,yc) + ref(xc,y1) + ref(x1,yc)) + r*cimg::crand());
-                ref(xc,yc) = (T)(val<m?m:val>M?M:val);
-            }
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a quadratic Mandelbrot or Julia 2d fractal.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the upper-left pixel.
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the upper-left pixel.
-       \param x1 X-coordinate of the lower-right pixel.
-       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the lower-right pixel.
-       \param colormap Colormap.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-       \param z0r Real part of the upper-left fractal vertex.
-       \param z0i Imaginary part of the upper-left fractal vertex.
-       \param z1r Real part of the lower-right fractal vertex.
-       \param z1i Imaginary part of the lower-right fractal vertex.
-       \param iteration_max Maximum number of iterations for each estimated point.
-       \param is_normalized_iteration Tells if iterations are normalized.
-       \param is_julia_set Tells if the Mandelbrot or Julia set is rendered.
-       \param param_r Real part of the Julia set parameter.
-       \param param_i Imaginary part of the Julia set parameter.
-       \note Fractal rendering is done by the Escape Time Algorithm.
-    **/
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_mandelbrot(const int x0, const int y0, const int x1, const int y1,
-                             const CImg<tc>& colormap, const float opacity=1,
-                             const double z0r=-2, const double z0i=-2, const double z1r=2, const double z1i=2,
-                             const unsigned int iteration_max=255,
-                             const bool is_normalized_iteration=false,
-                             const bool is_julia_set=false,
-                             const double param_r=0, const double param_i=0) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      CImg<tc> palette;
-      if (colormap) palette.assign(colormap._data,colormap.size()/colormap._spectrum,1,1,colormap._spectrum,true);
-      if (palette && palette._spectrum!=_spectrum)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_mandelbrot(): Instance and specified colormap (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
-                                    "incompatible dimensions.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    colormap._width,colormap._height,colormap._depth,colormap._spectrum,colormap._data);
-
-      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0), ln2 = (float)std::log(2.0);
-      const int
-        _x0 = x0<0?0:x0>=width()?width()-1:x0,
-        _y0 = y0<0?0:y0>=height()?height()-1:y0,
-        _x1 = x1<0?1:x1>=width()?width()-1:x1,
-        _y1 = y1<0?1:y1>=height()?height()-1:y1;
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if ((1+_x1-_x0)*(1+_y1-_y0)>=2048)
-#endif
-      for (int q = _y0; q<=_y1; ++q)
-        for (int p = _x0; p<=_x1; ++p) {
-          unsigned int iteration = 0;
-          const double x = z0r + p*(z1r-z0r)/_width, y = z0i + q*(z1i-z0i)/_height;
-          double zr, zi, cr, ci;
-          if (is_julia_set) { zr = x; zi = y; cr = param_r; ci = param_i; }
-          else { zr = param_r; zi = param_i; cr = x; ci = y; }
-          for (iteration=1; zr*zr + zi*zi<=4 && iteration<=iteration_max; ++iteration) {
-            const double temp = zr*zr - zi*zi + cr;
-            zi = 2*zr*zi + ci;
-            zr = temp;
-          }
-          if (iteration>iteration_max) {
-            if (palette) {
-              if (opacity>=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)palette(0,c);
-              else cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)(palette(0,c)*nopacity + (*this)(p,q,0,c)*copacity);
-            } else {
-              if (opacity>=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)0;
-              else cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)((*this)(p,q,0,c)*copacity);
-            }
-          } else if (is_normalized_iteration) {
-            const float
-              normz = (float)cimg::abs(zr*zr+zi*zi),
-              niteration = (float)(iteration + 1 - std::log(std::log(normz))/ln2);
-            if (palette) {
-              if (opacity>=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)palette._linear_atX(niteration,c);
-              else cimg_forC(*this,c)
-                     (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)(palette._linear_atX(niteration,c)*nopacity + (*this)(p,q,0,c)*copacity);
-            } else {
-              if (opacity>=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)niteration;
-              else cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)(niteration*nopacity + (*this)(p,q,0,c)*copacity);
-            }
-          } else {
-            if (palette) {
-              if (opacity>=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)palette._atX(iteration,c);
-              else cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)(palette(iteration,c)*nopacity + (*this)(p,q,0,c)*copacity);
-            } else {
-              if (opacity>=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)iteration;
-              else cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)(iteration*nopacity + (*this)(p,q,0,c)*copacity);
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a quadratic Mandelbrot or Julia 2d fractal \overloading.
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_mandelbrot(const CImg<tc>& colormap, const float opacity=1,
-                             const double z0r=-2, const double z0i=-2, const double z1r=2, const double z1i=2,
-                             const unsigned int iteration_max=255,
-                             const bool is_normalized_iteration=false,
-                             const bool is_julia_set=false,
-                             const double param_r=0, const double param_i=0) {
-      return draw_mandelbrot(0,0,_width-1,_height-1,colormap,opacity,
-                             z0r,z0i,z1r,z1i,iteration_max,is_normalized_iteration,is_julia_set,param_r,param_i);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a 1d gaussian function.
-    /**
-       \param xc X-coordinate of the gaussian center.
-       \param sigma Standard variation of the gaussian distribution.
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-    **/
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_gaussian(const float xc, const float sigma,
-                           const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (!color)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_gaussian(): Specified color is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      const float sigma2 = 2*sigma*sigma, nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-      const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-      const tc *col = color;
-      cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-        const float dx = (x - xc), val = (float)std::exp(-dx*dx/sigma2);
-        T *ptrd = data(x,0,0,0);
-        if (opacity>=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(val*(*col++)); ptrd+=whd; }
-        else cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val*(*col++) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=whd; }
-        col-=_spectrum;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a 2d gaussian function.
-    /**
-       \param xc X-coordinate of the gaussian center.
-       \param yc Y-coordinate of the gaussian center.
-       \param tensor Covariance matrix (must be 2x2).
-       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
-       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
-    **/
-    template<typename t, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_gaussian(const float xc, const float yc, const CImg<t>& tensor,
-                           const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (tensor._width!=2 || tensor._height!=2 || tensor._depth!=1 || tensor._spectrum!=1)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_gaussian(): Specified tensor (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) is not a 2x2 matrix.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    tensor._width,tensor._height,tensor._depth,tensor._spectrum,tensor._data);
-      if (!color)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_gaussian(): Specified color is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      typedef typename CImg<t>::Tfloat tfloat;
-      const CImg<tfloat> invT = tensor.get_invert(), invT2 = (invT*invT)/(-2.0);
-      const tfloat a = invT2(0,0), b = 2*invT2(1,0), c = invT2(1,1);
-      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-      const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-      const tc *col = color;
-      float dy = -yc;
-      cimg_forY(*this,y) {
-        float dx = -xc;
-        cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-          const float val = (float)std::exp(a*dx*dx + b*dx*dy + c*dy*dy);
-          T *ptrd = data(x,y,0,0);
-          if (opacity>=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(val*(*col++)); ptrd+=whd; }
-          else cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val*(*col++) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=whd; }
-          col-=_spectrum;
-          ++dx;
-        }
-        ++dy;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a 2d gaussian function \overloading.
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_gaussian(const int xc, const int yc, const float r1, const float r2, const float ru, const float rv,
-                           const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
-      const double
-        a = r1*ru*ru + r2*rv*rv,
-        b = (r1-r2)*ru*rv,
-        c = r1*rv*rv + r2*ru*ru;
-      const CImg<Tfloat> tensor(2,2,1,1, a,b,b,c);
-      return draw_gaussian(xc,yc,tensor,color,opacity);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a 2d gaussian function \overloading.
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_gaussian(const float xc, const float yc, const float sigma,
-                           const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
-      return draw_gaussian(xc,yc,CImg<floatT>::diagonal(sigma,sigma),color,opacity);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a 3d gaussian function \overloading.
-    template<typename t, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_gaussian(const float xc, const float yc, const float zc, const CImg<t>& tensor,
-                           const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      typedef typename CImg<t>::Tfloat tfloat;
-      if (tensor._width!=3 || tensor._height!=3 || tensor._depth!=1 || tensor._spectrum!=1)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_gaussian(): Specified tensor (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) is not a 3x3 matrix.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    tensor._width,tensor._height,tensor._depth,tensor._spectrum,tensor._data);
-
-      const CImg<tfloat> invT = tensor.get_invert(), invT2 = (invT*invT)/(-2.0);
-      const tfloat a = invT2(0,0), b = 2*invT2(1,0), c = 2*invT2(2,0), d = invT2(1,1), e = 2*invT2(2,1), f = invT2(2,2);
-      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
-      const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-      const tc *col = color;
-      cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
-        const float
-          dx = (x - xc), dy = (y - yc), dz = (z - zc),
-          val = (float)std::exp(a*dx*dx + b*dx*dy + c*dx*dz + d*dy*dy + e*dy*dz + f*dz*dz);
-        T *ptrd = data(x,y,z,0);
-        if (opacity>=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(val*(*col++)); ptrd+=whd; }
-        else cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val*(*col++) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=whd; }
-        col-=_spectrum;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a 3d gaussian function \overloading.
-    template<typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_gaussian(const float xc, const float yc, const float zc, const float sigma,
-                           const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
-      return draw_gaussian(xc,yc,zc,CImg<floatT>::diagonal(sigma,sigma,sigma),color,opacity);
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a 3d object.
-    /**
-       \param x0 X-coordinate of the 3d object position
-       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the 3d object position
-       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the 3d object position
-       \param vertices Image Nx3 describing 3d point coordinates
-       \param primitives List of P primitives
-       \param colors List of P color (or textures)
-       \param opacities Image or list of P opacities
-       \param render_type d Render type (0=Points, 1=Lines, 2=Faces (no light), 3=Faces (flat), 4=Faces(Gouraud)
-       \param is_double_sided Tells if object faces have two sides or are oriented.
-       \param focale length of the focale (0 for parallel projection)
-       \param lightx X-coordinate of the light
-       \param lighty Y-coordinate of the light
-       \param lightz Z-coordinate of the light
-       \param specular_lightness Amount of specular light.
-       \param specular_shininess Shininess of the object
-    **/
-    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to>
-    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
-                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                           const CImgList<tc>& colors, const CImg<to>& opacities,
-                           const unsigned int render_type=4,
-                           const bool is_double_sided=false, const float focale=700,
-                           const float lightx=0, const float lighty=0, const float lightz=-5e8,
-                           const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f) {
-      return draw_object3d(x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,render_type,
-                           is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
-                           specular_lightness,specular_shininess,CImg<floatT>::empty());
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a 3d object \simplification.
-    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to, typename tz>
-    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
-                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                           const CImgList<tc>& colors, const CImg<to>& opacities,
-                           const unsigned int render_type,
-                           const bool is_double_sided, const float focale,
-                           const float lightx, const float lighty, const float lightz,
-                           const float specular_lightness, const float specular_shininess,
-                           CImg<tz>& zbuffer) {
-      return _draw_object3d(0,zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,
-                            render_type,is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
-                            specular_lightness,specular_shininess,1);
-    }
-
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to>
-    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(LibBoard::Board& board,
-                           const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
-                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                           const CImgList<tc>& colors, const CImg<to>& opacities,
-                           const unsigned int render_type=4,
-                           const bool is_double_sided=false, const float focale=700,
-                           const float lightx=0, const float lighty=0, const float lightz=-5e8,
-                           const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f) {
-      return draw_object3d(board,x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,render_type,
-                           is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
-                           specular_lightness,specular_shininess,CImg<floatT>::empty());
-    }
-
-    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to, typename tz>
-    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(LibBoard::Board& board,
-                           const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
-                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                           const CImgList<tc>& colors, const CImg<to>& opacities,
-                           const unsigned int render_type,
-                           const bool is_double_sided, const float focale,
-                           const float lightx, const float lighty, const float lightz,
-                           const float specular_lightness, const float specular_shininess,
-                           CImg<tz>& zbuffer) {
-      return _draw_object3d((void*)&board,zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,
-                            render_type,is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
-                            specular_lightness,specular_shininess,1);
-    }
-#endif
-
-    //! Draw a 3d object \simplification.
-    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to>
-    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
-                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                           const CImgList<tc>& colors, const CImgList<to>& opacities,
-                           const unsigned int render_type=4,
-                           const bool is_double_sided=false, const float focale=700,
-                           const float lightx=0, const float lighty=0, const float lightz=-5e8,
-                           const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f) {
-      return draw_object3d(x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,render_type,
-                           is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
-                           specular_lightness,specular_shininess,CImg<floatT>::empty());
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a 3d object \simplification.
-    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to, typename tz>
-    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
-                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                           const CImgList<tc>& colors, const CImgList<to>& opacities,
-                           const unsigned int render_type,
-                           const bool is_double_sided, const float focale,
-                           const float lightx, const float lighty, const float lightz,
-                           const float specular_lightness, const float specular_shininess,
-                           CImg<tz>& zbuffer) {
-      return _draw_object3d(0,zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,
-                            render_type,is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
-                            specular_lightness,specular_shininess,1);
-    }
-
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to>
-    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(LibBoard::Board& board,
-                           const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
-                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                           const CImgList<tc>& colors, const CImgList<to>& opacities,
-                           const unsigned int render_type=4,
-                           const bool is_double_sided=false, const float focale=700,
-                           const float lightx=0, const float lighty=0, const float lightz=-5e8,
-                           const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f) {
-      return draw_object3d(board,x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,render_type,
-                           is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
-                           specular_lightness,specular_shininess,CImg<floatT>::empty());
-    }
-
-    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to, typename tz>
-    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(LibBoard::Board& board,
-                           const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
-                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                           const CImgList<tc>& colors, const CImgList<to>& opacities,
-                           const unsigned int render_type,
-                           const bool is_double_sided, const float focale,
-                           const float lightx, const float lighty, const float lightz,
-                           const float specular_lightness, const float specular_shininess,
-                           CImg<tz>& zbuffer) {
-      return _draw_object3d((void*)&board,zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,
-                            render_type,is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
-                            specular_lightness,specular_shininess,1);
-    }
-#endif
-
-    //! Draw a 3d object \simplification.
-    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
-                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                           const CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                           const unsigned int render_type=4,
-                           const bool is_double_sided=false, const float focale=700,
-                           const float lightx=0, const float lighty=0, const float lightz=-5e8,
-                           const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f) {
-      return draw_object3d(x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,CImg<floatT>::empty(),
-                           render_type,is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
-                           specular_lightness,specular_shininess,CImg<floatT>::empty());
-    }
-
-    //! Draw a 3d object \simplification.
-    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename tz>
-    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
-                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                           const CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                           const unsigned int render_type,
-                           const bool is_double_sided, const float focale,
-                           const float lightx, const float lighty, const float lightz,
-                           const float specular_lightness, const float specular_shininess,
-                           CImg<tz>& zbuffer) {
-      return draw_object3d(x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,CImg<floatT>::empty(),
-                           render_type,is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
-                           specular_lightness,specular_shininess,zbuffer);
-    }
-
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to>
-    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(LibBoard::Board& board,
-                           const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
-                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                           const CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                           const unsigned int render_type=4,
-                           const bool is_double_sided=false, const float focale=700,
-                           const float lightx=0, const float lighty=0, const float lightz=-5e8,
-                           const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f) {
-      return draw_object3d(x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,CImg<floatT>::empty(),
-                           render_type,is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
-                           specular_lightness,specular_shininess,CImg<floatT>::empty());
-    }
-
-    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to, typename tz>
-    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(LibBoard::Board& board,
-                           const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
-                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                           const CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                           const unsigned int render_type,
-                           const bool is_double_sided, const float focale,
-                           const float lightx, const float lighty, const float lightz,
-                           const float specular_lightness, const float specular_shininess,
-                           CImg<tz>& zbuffer) {
-      return draw_object3d(x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,CImg<floatT>::empty(),
-                           render_type,is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
-                           specular_lightness,specular_shininess,zbuffer);
-    }
-#endif
-
-    template<typename t, typename to>
-    static float __draw_object3d(const CImgList<t>& opacities, const unsigned int n_primitive, CImg<to>& opacity) {
-      if (n_primitive>=opacities._width || opacities[n_primitive].is_empty()) { opacity.assign(); return 1; }
-      if (opacities[n_primitive].size()==1) { opacity.assign(); return opacities(n_primitive,0); }
-      opacity.assign(opacities[n_primitive],true);
-      return 1.0f;
-    }
-
-    template<typename t, typename to>
-    static float __draw_object3d(const CImg<t>& opacities, const unsigned int n_primitive, CImg<to>& opacity) {
-      opacity.assign();
-      return n_primitive>=opacities._width?1.0f:(float)opacities[n_primitive];
-    }
-
-    template<typename tz, typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to>
-    CImg<T>& _draw_object3d(void *const pboard, CImg<tz>& zbuffer,
-                            const float X, const float Y, const float Z,
-                            const CImg<tp>& vertices,
-                            const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                            const CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                            const to& opacities,
-                            const unsigned int render_type,
-                            const bool is_double_sided, const float focale,
-                            const float lightx, const float lighty, const float lightz,
-                            const float specular_lightness, const float specular_shininess,
-                            const float sprite_scale) {
-      typedef typename cimg::superset2<tp,tz,float>::type tpfloat;
-      if (is_empty() || !vertices || !primitives) return *this;
-      char error_message[1024] = { 0 };
-      if (!vertices.is_object3d(primitives,colors,opacities,false,error_message))
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "draw_object3d(): Invalid specified 3d object (%u,%u) (%s).",
-                                    cimg_instance,vertices._width,primitives._width,error_message);
-      if (render_type==5) cimg::mutex(10);  // Static variable used in this case, breaks thread-safety.
-
-#ifndef cimg_use_board
-      if (pboard) return *this;
-#endif
-      const float
-        nspec = 1 - (specular_lightness<0.0f?0.0f:(specular_lightness>1.0f?1.0f:specular_lightness)),
-        nspec2 = 1 + (specular_shininess<0.0f?0.0f:specular_shininess),
-        nsl1 = (nspec2 - 1)/cimg::sqr(nspec - 1),
-        nsl2 = 1 - 2*nsl1*nspec,
-        nsl3 = nspec2 - nsl1 - nsl2;
-
-      // Create light texture for phong-like rendering.
-      CImg<floatT> light_texture;
-      if (render_type==5) {
-        if (colors._width>primitives._width) {
-          static CImg<floatT> default_light_texture;
-          static const tc *lptr = 0;
-          static tc ref_values[64] = { 0 };
-          const CImg<tc>& img = colors.back();
-          bool is_same_texture = (lptr==img._data);
-          if (is_same_texture)
-            for (unsigned int r = 0, j = 0; j<8; ++j)
-              for (unsigned int i = 0; i<8; ++i)
-                if (ref_values[r++]!=img(i*img._width/9,j*img._height/9,0,(i+j)%img._spectrum)) {
-                  is_same_texture = false; break;
-                }
-          if (!is_same_texture || default_light_texture._spectrum<_spectrum) {
-            (default_light_texture.assign(img,false)/=255).resize(-100,-100,1,_spectrum);
-            lptr = colors.back().data();
-            for (unsigned int r = 0, j = 0; j<8; ++j)
-              for (unsigned int i = 0; i<8; ++i)
-                ref_values[r++] = img(i*img._width/9,j*img._height/9,0,(i+j)%img._spectrum);
-          }
-          light_texture.assign(default_light_texture,true);
-        } else {
-          static CImg<floatT> default_light_texture;
-          static float olightx = 0, olighty = 0, olightz = 0, ospecular_shininess = 0;
-          if (!default_light_texture ||
-              lightx!=olightx || lighty!=olighty || lightz!=olightz ||
-              specular_shininess!=ospecular_shininess || default_light_texture._spectrum<_spectrum) {
-            default_light_texture.assign(512,512);
-            const float
-              dlx = lightx - X,
-              dly = lighty - Y,
-              dlz = lightz - Z,
-              nl = (float)std::sqrt(dlx*dlx + dly*dly + dlz*dlz),
-              nlx = (default_light_texture._width - 1)/2*(1 + dlx/nl),
-              nly = (default_light_texture._height - 1)/2*(1 + dly/nl),
-              white[] = { 1 };
-            default_light_texture.draw_gaussian(nlx,nly,default_light_texture._width/3.0f,white);
-            cimg_forXY(default_light_texture,x,y) {
-              const float factor = default_light_texture(x,y);
-              if (factor>nspec) default_light_texture(x,y) = cimg::min(2,nsl1*factor*factor + nsl2*factor + nsl3);
-            }
-            default_light_texture.resize(-100,-100,1,_spectrum);
-            olightx = lightx; olighty = lighty; olightz = lightz; ospecular_shininess = specular_shininess;
-          }
-          light_texture.assign(default_light_texture,true);
-        }
-      }
-
-      // Compute 3d to 2d projection.
-      CImg<tpfloat> projections(vertices._width,2);
-      tpfloat parallzmin = cimg::type<tpfloat>::max();
-      const float absfocale = focale?cimg::abs(focale):0;
-      if (absfocale) {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (projections.size()>4096)
-#endif
-        cimg_forX(projections,l) { // Perspective projection
-          const tpfloat
-            x = (tpfloat)vertices(l,0),
-            y = (tpfloat)vertices(l,1),
-            z = (tpfloat)vertices(l,2);
-          const tpfloat projectedz = z + Z + absfocale;
-          projections(l,1) = Y + absfocale*y/projectedz;
-          projections(l,0) = X + absfocale*x/projectedz;
-        }
-
-      } else {
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (projections.size()>4096)
-#endif
-        cimg_forX(projections,l) { // Parallel projection
-          const tpfloat
-            x = (tpfloat)vertices(l,0),
-            y = (tpfloat)vertices(l,1),
-            z = (tpfloat)vertices(l,2);
-          if (z<parallzmin) parallzmin = z;
-          projections(l,1) = Y + y;
-          projections(l,0) = X + x;
-        }
-      }
-      const float _focale = absfocale?absfocale:(1e5f-parallzmin);
-
-      // Compute visible primitives.
-      CImg<uintT> visibles(primitives._width,1,1,1,~0U);
-      CImg<tpfloat> zrange(primitives._width);
-      const tpfloat zmin = absfocale?(tpfloat)(1.5f - absfocale):cimg::type<tpfloat>::min();
-
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (primitives.size()>4096)
-#endif
-      cimglist_for(primitives,l) {
-        const CImg<tf>& primitive = primitives[l];
-        switch (primitive.size()) {
-        case 1 : { // Point
-          const unsigned int i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0);
-          const tpfloat z0 = Z + vertices(i0,2);
-          if (z0>zmin) {
-            visibles(l) = (unsigned int)l;
-            zrange(l) = z0;
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 5 : { // Sphere
-          const unsigned int
-            i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0),
-            i1 = (unsigned int)primitive(1);
-          const tpfloat
-            Xc = 0.5f*((float)vertices(i0,0) + (float)vertices(i1,0)),
-            Yc = 0.5f*((float)vertices(i0,1) + (float)vertices(i1,1)),
-            Zc = 0.5f*((float)vertices(i0,2) + (float)vertices(i1,2)),
-            _zc = Z + Zc,
-            zc = _zc + _focale,
-            xc = X + Xc*(absfocale?absfocale/zc:1),
-            yc = Y + Yc*(absfocale?absfocale/zc:1),
-            radius = 0.5f*std::sqrt(cimg::sqr(vertices(i1,0) - vertices(i0,0)) +
-                                    cimg::sqr(vertices(i1,1) - vertices(i0,1)) +
-                                    cimg::sqr(vertices(i1,2) - vertices(i0,2)))*(absfocale?absfocale/zc:1),
-            xm = xc - radius,
-            ym = yc - radius,
-            xM = xc + radius,
-            yM = yc + radius;
-          if (xM>=0 && xm<_width && yM>=0 && ym<_height && _zc>zmin) {
-            visibles(l) = (unsigned int)l;
-            zrange(l) = _zc;
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 2 : // Segment
-        case 6 : {
-          const unsigned int
-            i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0),
-            i1 = (unsigned int)primitive(1);
-          const tpfloat
-            x0 = projections(i0,0), y0 = projections(i0,1), z0 = Z + vertices(i0,2),
-            x1 = projections(i1,0), y1 = projections(i1,1), z1 = Z + vertices(i1,2);
-          tpfloat xm, xM, ym, yM;
-          if (x0<x1) { xm = x0; xM = x1; } else { xm = x1; xM = x0; }
-          if (y0<y1) { ym = y0; yM = y1; } else { ym = y1; yM = y0; }
-          if (xM>=0 && xm<_width && yM>=0 && ym<_height && z0>zmin && z1>zmin) {
-            visibles(l) = (unsigned int)l;
-            zrange(l) = (z0 + z1)/2;
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 3 :  // Triangle
-        case 9 : {
-          const unsigned int
-            i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0),
-            i1 = (unsigned int)primitive(1),
-            i2 = (unsigned int)primitive(2);
-          const tpfloat
-            x0 = projections(i0,0), y0 = projections(i0,1), z0 = Z + vertices(i0,2),
-            x1 = projections(i1,0), y1 = projections(i1,1), z1 = Z + vertices(i1,2),
-            x2 = projections(i2,0), y2 = projections(i2,1), z2 = Z + vertices(i2,2);
-          tpfloat xm, xM, ym, yM;
-          if (x0<x1) { xm = x0; xM = x1; } else { xm = x1; xM = x0; }
-          if (x2<xm) xm = x2;
-          if (x2>xM) xM = x2;
-          if (y0<y1) { ym = y0; yM = y1; } else { ym = y1; yM = y0; }
-          if (y2<ym) ym = y2;
-          if (y2>yM) yM = y2;
-          if (xM>=0 && xm<_width && yM>=0 && ym<_height && z0>zmin && z1>zmin && z2>zmin) {
-            const tpfloat d = (x1-x0)*(y2-y0) - (x2-x0)*(y1-y0);
-            if (is_double_sided || d<0) {
-              visibles(l) = (unsigned int)l;
-              zrange(l) = (z0 + z1 + z2)/3;
-            }
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 4 : // Rectangle
-        case 12 : {
-          const unsigned int
-            i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0),
-            i1 = (unsigned int)primitive(1),
-            i2 = (unsigned int)primitive(2),
-            i3 = (unsigned int)primitive(3);
-          const tpfloat
-            x0 = projections(i0,0), y0 = projections(i0,1), z0 = Z + vertices(i0,2),
-            x1 = projections(i1,0), y1 = projections(i1,1), z1 = Z + vertices(i1,2),
-            x2 = projections(i2,0), y2 = projections(i2,1), z2 = Z + vertices(i2,2),
-            x3 = projections(i3,0), y3 = projections(i3,1), z3 = Z + vertices(i3,2);
-          tpfloat xm, xM, ym, yM;
-          if (x0<x1) { xm = x0; xM = x1; } else { xm = x1; xM = x0; }
-          if (x2<xm) xm = x2;
-          if (x2>xM) xM = x2;
-          if (x3<xm) xm = x3;
-          if (x3>xM) xM = x3;
-          if (y0<y1) { ym = y0; yM = y1; } else { ym = y1; yM = y0; }
-          if (y2<ym) ym = y2;
-          if (y2>yM) yM = y2;
-          if (y3<ym) ym = y3;
-          if (y3>yM) yM = y3;
-          if (xM>=0 && xm<_width && yM>=0 && ym<_height && z0>zmin && z1>zmin && z2>zmin) {
-            const float d = (x1 - x0)*(y2 - y0) - (x2 - x0)*(y1 - y0);
-            if (is_double_sided || d<0) {
-              visibles(l) = (unsigned int)l;
-              zrange(l) = (z0 + z1 + z2 + z3)/4;
-            }
-          }
-        } break;
-        default :
-          throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                      "draw_object3d(): Invalid primitive[%u] with size %u "
-                                      "(should have size 1,2,3,4,5,6,9 or 12).",
-                                      cimg_instance,
-                                      l,primitive.size());
-        }
-      }
-
-      // Sort only visibles primitives.
-      unsigned int *p_visibles = visibles._data;
-      float *p_zrange = zrange._data;
-      const float *ptrz = p_zrange;
-      cimg_for(visibles,ptr,unsigned int) {
-        if (*ptr!=~0U) { *(p_visibles++) = *ptr; *(p_zrange++) = *ptrz; }
-        ++ptrz;
-      }
-      const unsigned int nb_visibles = p_zrange - zrange._data;
-      if (!nb_visibles) return *this;
-      CImg<uintT> permutations;
-      CImg<tpfloat>(zrange._data,nb_visibles,1,1,1,true).sort(permutations,false);
-
-      // Compute light properties
-      CImg<floatT> lightprops;
-      switch (render_type) {
-      case 3 : { // Flat Shading
-        lightprops.assign(nb_visibles);
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (nb_visibles>4096)
-#endif
-        cimg_forX(lightprops,l) {
-          const CImg<tf>& primitive = primitives(visibles(permutations(l)));
-          const unsigned int psize = primitive.size();
-          if (psize==3 || psize==4 || psize==9 || psize==12) {
-            const unsigned int
-              i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0),
-              i1 = (unsigned int)primitive(1),
-              i2 = (unsigned int)primitive(2);
-            const tpfloat
-              x0 = (tpfloat)vertices(i0,0), y0 = (tpfloat)vertices(i0,1), z0 = (tpfloat)vertices(i0,2),
-              x1 = (tpfloat)vertices(i1,0), y1 = (tpfloat)vertices(i1,1), z1 = (tpfloat)vertices(i1,2),
-              x2 = (tpfloat)vertices(i2,0), y2 = (tpfloat)vertices(i2,1), z2 = (tpfloat)vertices(i2,2),
-              dx1 = x1 - x0, dy1 = y1 - y0, dz1 = z1 - z0,
-              dx2 = x2 - x0, dy2 = y2 - y0, dz2 = z2 - z0,
-              nx = dy1*dz2 - dz1*dy2,
-              ny = dz1*dx2 - dx1*dz2,
-              nz = dx1*dy2 - dy1*dx2,
-              norm = (tpfloat)std::sqrt(1e-5f + nx*nx + ny*ny + nz*nz),
-              lx = X + (x0 + x1 + x2)/3 - lightx,
-              ly = Y + (y0 + y1 + y2)/3 - lighty,
-              lz = Z + (z0 + z1 + z2)/3 - lightz,
-              nl = (tpfloat)std::sqrt(1e-5f + lx*lx + ly*ly + lz*lz),
-              factor = cimg::max(cimg::abs(-lx*nx-ly*ny-lz*nz)/(norm*nl),0);
-            lightprops[l] = factor<=nspec?factor:(nsl1*factor*factor + nsl2*factor + nsl3);
-          } else lightprops[l] = 1;
-        }
-      } break;
-
-      case 4 : // Gouraud Shading
-      case 5 : { // Phong-Shading
-        CImg<tpfloat> vertices_normals(vertices._width,3,1,1,0);
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (nb_visibles>4096)
-#endif
-        for (unsigned int l = 0; l<nb_visibles; ++l) {
-          const CImg<tf>& primitive = primitives[visibles(l)];
-          const unsigned int psize = primitive.size();
-          const bool
-            triangle_flag = (psize==3) || (psize==9),
-            rectangle_flag = (psize==4) || (psize==12);
-          if (triangle_flag || rectangle_flag) {
-            const unsigned int
-              i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0),
-              i1 = (unsigned int)primitive(1),
-              i2 = (unsigned int)primitive(2),
-              i3 = rectangle_flag?(unsigned int)primitive(3):0;
-            const tpfloat
-              x0 = (tpfloat)vertices(i0,0), y0 = (tpfloat)vertices(i0,1), z0 = (tpfloat)vertices(i0,2),
-              x1 = (tpfloat)vertices(i1,0), y1 = (tpfloat)vertices(i1,1), z1 = (tpfloat)vertices(i1,2),
-              x2 = (tpfloat)vertices(i2,0), y2 = (tpfloat)vertices(i2,1), z2 = (tpfloat)vertices(i2,2),
-              dx1 = x1 - x0, dy1 = y1 - y0, dz1 = z1 - z0,
-              dx2 = x2 - x0, dy2 = y2 - y0, dz2 = z2 - z0,
-              nnx = dy1*dz2 - dz1*dy2,
-              nny = dz1*dx2 - dx1*dz2,
-              nnz = dx1*dy2 - dy1*dx2,
-              norm = (tpfloat)(1e-5f + std::sqrt(nnx*nnx + nny*nny + nnz*nnz)),
-              nx = nnx/norm,
-              ny = nny/norm,
-              nz = nnz/norm;
-            vertices_normals(i0,0)+=nx; vertices_normals(i0,1)+=ny; vertices_normals(i0,2)+=nz;
-            vertices_normals(i1,0)+=nx; vertices_normals(i1,1)+=ny; vertices_normals(i1,2)+=nz;
-            vertices_normals(i2,0)+=nx; vertices_normals(i2,1)+=ny; vertices_normals(i2,2)+=nz;
-            if (rectangle_flag) { vertices_normals(i3,0)+=nx; vertices_normals(i3,1)+=ny; vertices_normals(i3,2)+=nz; }
-          }
-        }
-
-        if (is_double_sided) cimg_forX(vertices_normals,p) if (vertices_normals(p,2)>0) {
-          vertices_normals(p,0) = -vertices_normals(p,0);
-          vertices_normals(p,1) = -vertices_normals(p,1);
-          vertices_normals(p,2) = -vertices_normals(p,2);
-        }
-
-        if (render_type==4) {
-          lightprops.assign(vertices._width);
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (nb_visibles>4096)
-#endif
-          cimg_forX(lightprops,l) {
-            const tpfloat
-              nx = vertices_normals(l,0),
-              ny = vertices_normals(l,1),
-              nz = vertices_normals(l,2),
-              norm = (tpfloat)std::sqrt(1e-5f + nx*nx + ny*ny + nz*nz),
-              lx = X + vertices(l,0) - lightx,
-              ly = Y + vertices(l,1) - lighty,
-              lz = Z + vertices(l,2) - lightz,
-              nl = (tpfloat)std::sqrt(1e-5f + lx*lx + ly*ly + lz*lz),
-              factor = cimg::max((-lx*nx-ly*ny-lz*nz)/(norm*nl),0);
-            lightprops[l] = factor<=nspec?factor:(nsl1*factor*factor + nsl2*factor + nsl3);
-          }
-        } else {
-          const unsigned int
-            lw2 = light_texture._width/2 - 1,
-            lh2 = light_texture._height/2 - 1;
-          lightprops.assign(vertices._width,2);
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-#pragma omp parallel for if (nb_visibles>4096)
-#endif
-          cimg_forX(lightprops,l) {
-            const tpfloat
-              nx = vertices_normals(l,0),
-              ny = vertices_normals(l,1),
-              nz = vertices_normals(l,2),
-              norm = (tpfloat)std::sqrt(1e-5f + nx*nx + ny*ny + nz*nz),
-              nnx = nx/norm,
-              nny = ny/norm;
-            lightprops(l,0) = lw2*(1 + nnx);
-            lightprops(l,1) = lh2*(1 + nny);
-          }
-        }
-      } break;
-      }
-
-      // Draw visible primitives
-      const CImg<tc> default_color(1,_spectrum,1,1,(tc)200);
-      typedef typename to::value_type _to;
-      CImg<_to> _opacity;
-
-      for (unsigned int l = 0; l<nb_visibles; ++l) {
-        const unsigned int n_primitive = visibles(permutations(l));
-        const CImg<tf>& primitive = primitives[n_primitive];
-        const CImg<tc>
-          &__color = n_primitive<colors._width?colors[n_primitive]:CImg<tc>(),
-          _color = (__color && __color.size()!=_spectrum && __color._spectrum<_spectrum)?
-            __color.get_resize(-100,-100,-100,_spectrum,0):CImg<tc>(),
-          &color = _color?_color:(__color?__color:default_color);
-        const tc *const pcolor = color._data;
-        const float opacity = __draw_object3d(opacities,n_primitive,_opacity);
-
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-        LibBoard::Board &board = *(LibBoard::Board*)pboard;
-#endif
-
-        switch (primitive.size()) {
-        case 1 : { // Colored point or sprite
-          const unsigned int n0 = (unsigned int)primitive[0];
-          const int x0 = (int)projections(n0,0), y0 = (int)projections(n0,1);
-
-          if (_opacity.is_empty()) { // Scalar opacity.
-
-            if (color.size()==_spectrum) { // Colored point.
-              draw_point(x0,y0,pcolor,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-              if (pboard) {
-                board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-                board.fillCircle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,0);
-              }
-#endif
-            } else { // Sprite.
-              const tpfloat z = Z + vertices(n0,2);
-              const float factor = focale<0?1:sprite_scale*(absfocale?absfocale/(z + absfocale):1);
-              const unsigned int
-                _sw = (unsigned int)(color._width*factor),
-                _sh = (unsigned int)(color._height*factor),
-                sw = _sw?_sw:1, sh = _sh?_sh:1;
-              const int nx0 = x0 - (int)sw/2, ny0 = y0 - (int)sh/2;
-              if (sw<=3*_width/2 && sh<=3*_height/2 &&
-                  (nx0+(int)sw/2>=0 || nx0-(int)sw/2<width() || ny0+(int)sh/2>=0 || ny0-(int)sh/2<height())) {
-                const CImg<tc>
-                  _sprite = (sw!=color._width || sh!=color._height)?
-                    color.get_resize(sw,sh,1,-100,render_type<=3?1:3):CImg<tc>(),
-                  &sprite = _sprite?_sprite:color;
-                draw_image(nx0,ny0,sprite,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-                if (pboard) {
-                  board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128);
-                  board.setFillColor(LibBoard::Color::None);
-                  board.drawRectangle((float)nx0,height()-(float)ny0,sw,sh);
-                }
-#endif
-              }
-            }
-          } else { // Opacity mask.
-            const tpfloat z = Z + vertices(n0,2);
-            const float factor = focale<0?1:sprite_scale*(absfocale?absfocale/(z + absfocale):1);
-            const unsigned int
-              _sw = (unsigned int)(cimg::max(color._width,_opacity._width)*factor),
-              _sh = (unsigned int)(cimg::max(color._height,_opacity._height)*factor),
-              sw = _sw?_sw:1, sh = _sh?_sh:1;
-            const int nx0 = x0 - (int)sw/2, ny0 = y0 - (int)sh/2;
-            if (sw<=3*_width/2 && sh<=3*_height/2 &&
-                (nx0+(int)sw/2>=0 || nx0-(int)sw/2<width() || ny0+(int)sh/2>=0 || ny0-(int)sh/2<height())) {
-              const CImg<tc>
-                _sprite = (sw!=color._width || sh!=color._height)?
-                  color.get_resize(sw,sh,1,-100,render_type<=3?1:3):CImg<tc>(),
-                &sprite = _sprite?_sprite:color;
-              const CImg<_to>
-                _nopacity = (sw!=_opacity._width || sh!=_opacity._height)?
-                  _opacity.get_resize(sw,sh,1,-100,render_type<=3?1:3):CImg<_to>(),
-                &nopacity = _nopacity?_nopacity:_opacity;
-              draw_image(nx0,ny0,sprite,nopacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-              if (pboard) {
-                board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128);
-                board.setFillColor(LibBoard::Color::None);
-                board.drawRectangle((float)nx0,height()-(float)ny0,sw,sh);
-              }
-#endif
-            }
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 2 : { // Colored line
-          const unsigned int
-            n0 = (unsigned int)primitive[0],
-            n1 = (unsigned int)primitive[1];
-          const int
-            x0 = (int)projections(n0,0), y0 = (int)projections(n0,1),
-            x1 = (int)projections(n1,0), y1 = (int)projections(n1,1);
-          const float
-            z0 = vertices(n0,2) + Z + _focale,
-            z1 = vertices(n1,2) + Z + _focale;
-          if (render_type) {
-            if (zbuffer) draw_line(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,pcolor,opacity);
-            else draw_line(x0,y0,x1,y1,pcolor,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.drawLine((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,x1,height()-(float)y1);
-            }
-#endif
-          } else {
-            draw_point(x0,y0,pcolor,opacity).draw_point(x1,y1,pcolor,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.drawCircle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,0);
-              board.drawCircle((float)x1,height()-(float)y1,0);
-            }
-#endif
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 5 : { // Colored sphere
-          const unsigned int
-            n0 = (unsigned int)primitive[0],
-            n1 = (unsigned int)primitive[1],
-            is_wireframe = (unsigned int)primitive[2];
-          const float
-            Xc = 0.5f*((float)vertices(n0,0) + (float)vertices(n1,0)),
-            Yc = 0.5f*((float)vertices(n0,1) + (float)vertices(n1,1)),
-            Zc = 0.5f*((float)vertices(n0,2) + (float)vertices(n1,2)),
-            zc = Z + Zc + _focale,
-            xc = X + Xc*(absfocale?absfocale/zc:1),
-            yc = Y + Yc*(absfocale?absfocale/zc:1),
-            radius = 0.5f*std::sqrt(cimg::sqr(vertices(n1,0) - vertices(n0,0)) +
-                                    cimg::sqr(vertices(n1,1) - vertices(n0,1)) +
-                                    cimg::sqr(vertices(n1,2) - vertices(n0,2)))*(absfocale?absfocale/zc:1);
-          switch (render_type) {
-          case 0 :
-            draw_point((int)xc,(int)yc,pcolor,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.fillCircle(xc,height()-yc,0);
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-          case 1 :
-            draw_circle((int)xc,(int)yc,(int)radius,pcolor,opacity,~0U);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.setFillColor(LibBoard::Color::None);
-              board.drawCircle(xc,height()-yc,radius);
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-          default :
-            if (is_wireframe) draw_circle((int)xc,(int)yc,(int)radius,pcolor,opacity,~0U);
-            else draw_circle((int)xc,(int)yc,(int)radius,pcolor,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              if (!is_wireframe) board.fillCircle(xc,height()-yc,radius);
-              else {
-                board.setFillColor(LibBoard::Color::None);
-                board.drawCircle(xc,height()-yc,radius);
-              }
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 6 : { // Textured line
-          if (!__color)
-            throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                        "draw_object3d(): Undefined texture for line primitive [%u].",
-                                        cimg_instance,n_primitive);
-          const unsigned int
-            n0 = (unsigned int)primitive[0],
-            n1 = (unsigned int)primitive[1],
-            tx0 = (unsigned int)primitive[2],
-            ty0 = (unsigned int)primitive[3],
-            tx1 = (unsigned int)primitive[4],
-            ty1 = (unsigned int)primitive[5];
-          const int
-            x0 = (int)projections(n0,0), y0 = (int)projections(n0,1),
-            x1 = (int)projections(n1,0), y1 = (int)projections(n1,1);
-          const float
-            z0 = vertices(n0,2) + Z + _focale,
-            z1 = vertices(n1,2) + Z + _focale;
-          if (render_type) {
-            if (zbuffer) draw_line(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,opacity);
-            else draw_line(x0,y0,x1,y1,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.drawLine((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,(float)x1,height()-(float)y1);
-            }
-#endif
-          } else {
-            draw_point(x0,y0,color.get_vector_at(tx0,ty0)._data,opacity).
-              draw_point(x1,y1,color.get_vector_at(tx1,ty1)._data,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.drawCircle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,0);
-              board.drawCircle((float)x1,height()-(float)y1,0);
-            }
-#endif
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 3 : { // Colored triangle
-          const unsigned int
-            n0 = (unsigned int)primitive[0],
-            n1 = (unsigned int)primitive[1],
-            n2 = (unsigned int)primitive[2];
-          const int
-            x0 = (int)projections(n0,0), y0 = (int)projections(n0,1),
-            x1 = (int)projections(n1,0), y1 = (int)projections(n1,1),
-            x2 = (int)projections(n2,0), y2 = (int)projections(n2,1);
-          const float
-            z0 = vertices(n0,2) + Z + _focale,
-            z1 = vertices(n1,2) + Z + _focale,
-            z2 = vertices(n2,2) + Z + _focale;
-          switch (render_type) {
-          case 0 :
-            draw_point(x0,y0,pcolor,opacity).draw_point(x1,y1,pcolor,opacity).draw_point(x2,y2,pcolor,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.drawCircle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,0);
-              board.drawCircle((float)x1,height()-(float)y1,0);
-              board.drawCircle((float)x2,height()-(float)y2,0);
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-          case 1 :
-            if (zbuffer)
-              draw_line(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,pcolor,opacity).draw_line(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,pcolor,opacity).
-                draw_line(zbuffer,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,pcolor,opacity);
-            else
-              draw_line(x0,y0,x1,y1,pcolor,opacity).draw_line(x0,y0,x2,y2,pcolor,opacity).
-                draw_line(x1,y1,x2,y2,pcolor,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.drawLine((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,(float)x1,height()-(float)y1);
-              board.drawLine((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,(float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
-              board.drawLine((float)x1,height()-(float)y1,(float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-          case 2 :
-            if (zbuffer) draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,pcolor,opacity);
-            else draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,pcolor,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
-                                 (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,
-                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-          case 3 :
-            if (zbuffer) draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,pcolor,opacity,lightprops(l));
-            else _draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,pcolor,opacity,lightprops(l));
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              const float lp = cimg::min(lightprops(l),1);
-              board.setPenColorRGBi((unsigned char)(color[0]*lp),
-                                     (unsigned char)(color[1]*lp),
-                                     (unsigned char)(color[2]*lp),
-                                     (unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
-                                 (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,
-                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-          case 4 :
-            if (zbuffer)
-              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,pcolor,
-                            lightprops(n0),lightprops(n1),lightprops(n2),opacity);
-            else draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,pcolor,lightprops(n0),lightprops(n1),lightprops(n2),opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi((unsigned char)(color[0]),
-                                     (unsigned char)(color[1]),
-                                     (unsigned char)(color[2]),
-                                     (unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,lightprops(n0),
-                                         (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,lightprops(n1),
-                                         (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,lightprops(n2));
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-          case 5 : {
-            const unsigned int
-              lx0 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n0,0), ly0 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n0,1),
-              lx1 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n1,0), ly1 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n1,1),
-              lx2 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n2,0), ly2 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n2,1);
-            if (zbuffer)
-              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,pcolor,light_texture,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity);
-            else draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,pcolor,light_texture,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              const float
-                l0 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lightprops(n0,0))),
-                                   (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+lightprops(n0,1)))),
-                l1 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lightprops(n1,0))),
-                                   (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+lightprops(n1,1)))),
-                l2 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lightprops(n2,0))),
-                                   (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+lightprops(n2,1))));
-              board.setPenColorRGBi((unsigned char)(color[0]),
-                                     (unsigned char)(color[1]),
-                                     (unsigned char)(color[2]),
-                                     (unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,l0,
-                                         (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,l1,
-                                         (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,l2);
-            }
-#endif
-          } break;
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 4 : { // Colored rectangle
-          const unsigned int
-            n0 = (unsigned int)primitive[0],
-            n1 = (unsigned int)primitive[1],
-            n2 = (unsigned int)primitive[2],
-            n3 = (unsigned int)primitive[3];
-          const int
-            x0 = (int)projections(n0,0), y0 = (int)projections(n0,1),
-            x1 = (int)projections(n1,0), y1 = (int)projections(n1,1),
-            x2 = (int)projections(n2,0), y2 = (int)projections(n2,1),
-            x3 = (int)projections(n3,0), y3 = (int)projections(n3,1);
-          const float
-            z0 = vertices(n0,2) + Z + _focale,
-            z1 = vertices(n1,2) + Z + _focale,
-            z2 = vertices(n2,2) + Z + _focale,
-            z3 = vertices(n3,2) + Z + _focale;
-
-          switch (render_type) {
-          case 0 :
-            draw_point(x0,y0,pcolor,opacity).draw_point(x1,y1,pcolor,opacity).
-              draw_point(x2,y2,pcolor,opacity).draw_point(x3,y3,pcolor,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.drawCircle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,0);
-              board.drawCircle((float)x1,height()-(float)y1,0);
-              board.drawCircle((float)x2,height()-(float)y2,0);
-              board.drawCircle((float)x3,height()-(float)y3,0);
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-          case 1 :
-            if (zbuffer)
-              draw_line(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,pcolor,opacity).draw_line(zbuffer,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,pcolor,opacity).
-                draw_line(zbuffer,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,pcolor,opacity).draw_line(zbuffer,x3,y3,z3,x0,y0,z0,pcolor,opacity);
-            else
-              draw_line(x0,y0,x1,y1,pcolor,opacity).draw_line(x1,y1,x2,y2,pcolor,opacity).
-                draw_line(x2,y2,x3,y3,pcolor,opacity).draw_line(x3,y3,x0,y0,pcolor,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.drawLine((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,(float)x1,height()-(float)y1);
-              board.drawLine((float)x1,height()-(float)y1,(float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
-              board.drawLine((float)x2,height()-(float)y2,(float)x3,height()-(float)y3);
-              board.drawLine((float)x3,height()-(float)y3,(float)x0,height()-(float)y0);
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-          case 2 :
-            if (zbuffer)
-              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,pcolor,opacity).
-                draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,pcolor,opacity);
-            else
-              draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,pcolor,opacity).draw_triangle(x0,y0,x2,y2,x3,y3,pcolor,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
-                                 (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,
-                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
-              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
-                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,
-                                 (float)x3,height()-(float)y3);
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-          case 3 :
-            if (zbuffer)
-              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,pcolor,opacity,lightprops(l)).
-                draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,pcolor,opacity,lightprops(l));
-            else
-              _draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,pcolor,opacity,lightprops(l)).
-                _draw_triangle(x0,y0,x2,y2,x3,y3,pcolor,opacity,lightprops(l));
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              const float lp = cimg::min(lightprops(l),1);
-              board.setPenColorRGBi((unsigned char)(color[0]*lp),
-                                     (unsigned char)(color[1]*lp),
-                                     (unsigned char)(color[2]*lp),(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
-                                 (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,
-                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
-              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
-                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,
-                                 (float)x3,height()-(float)y3);
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-          case 4 : {
-            const float
-              lightprop0 = lightprops(n0), lightprop1 = lightprops(n1),
-              lightprop2 = lightprops(n2), lightprop3 = lightprops(n3);
-            if (zbuffer)
-              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,pcolor,lightprop0,lightprop1,lightprop2,opacity).
-                draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,pcolor,lightprop0,lightprop2,lightprop3,opacity);
-            else
-              draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,pcolor,lightprop0,lightprop1,lightprop2,opacity).
-                draw_triangle(x0,y0,x2,y2,x3,y3,pcolor,lightprop0,lightprop2,lightprop3,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi((unsigned char)(color[0]),
-                                     (unsigned char)(color[1]),
-                                     (unsigned char)(color[2]),
-                                     (unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,lightprop0,
-                                         (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,lightprop1,
-                                         (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,lightprop2);
-              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,lightprop0,
-                                         (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,lightprop2,
-                                         (float)x3,height()-(float)y3,lightprop3);
-            }
-#endif
-          } break;
-          case 5 : {
-            const unsigned int
-              lx0 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n0,0), ly0 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n0,1),
-              lx1 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n1,0), ly1 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n1,1),
-              lx2 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n2,0), ly2 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n2,1),
-              lx3 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n3,0), ly3 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n3,1);
-            if (zbuffer)
-              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,pcolor,light_texture,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity).
-                draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,pcolor,light_texture,lx0,ly0,lx2,ly2,lx3,ly3,opacity);
-            else
-              draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,pcolor,light_texture,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity).
-                draw_triangle(x0,y0,x2,y2,x3,y3,pcolor,light_texture,lx0,ly0,lx2,ly2,lx3,ly3,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              const float
-                l0 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lx0)), (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+ly0))),
-                l1 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lx1)), (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+ly1))),
-                l2 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lx2)), (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+ly2))),
-                l3 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lx3)), (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+ly3)));
-              board.setPenColorRGBi((unsigned char)(color[0]),
-                                     (unsigned char)(color[1]),
-                                     (unsigned char)(color[2]),
-                                     (unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,l0,
-                                         (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,l1,
-                                         (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,l2);
-              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,l0,
-                                         (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,l2,
-                                         (float)x3,height()-(float)y3,l3);
-            }
-#endif
-          } break;
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 9 : { // Textured triangle
-          if (!__color)
-            throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                        "draw_object3d(): Undefined texture for triangle primitive [%u].",
-                                        cimg_instance,n_primitive);
-          const unsigned int
-            n0 = (unsigned int)primitive[0],
-            n1 = (unsigned int)primitive[1],
-            n2 = (unsigned int)primitive[2],
-            tx0 = (unsigned int)primitive[3],
-            ty0 = (unsigned int)primitive[4],
-            tx1 = (unsigned int)primitive[5],
-            ty1 = (unsigned int)primitive[6],
-            tx2 = (unsigned int)primitive[7],
-            ty2 = (unsigned int)primitive[8];
-          const int
-            x0 = (int)projections(n0,0), y0 = (int)projections(n0,1),
-            x1 = (int)projections(n1,0), y1 = (int)projections(n1,1),
-            x2 = (int)projections(n2,0), y2 = (int)projections(n2,1);
-          const float
-            z0 = vertices(n0,2) + Z + _focale,
-            z1 = vertices(n1,2) + Z + _focale,
-            z2 = vertices(n2,2) + Z + _focale;
-          switch (render_type) {
-          case 0 :
-            draw_point(x0,y0,color.get_vector_at(tx0,ty0)._data,opacity).
-              draw_point(x1,y1,color.get_vector_at(tx1,ty1)._data,opacity).
-              draw_point(x2,y2,color.get_vector_at(tx2,ty2)._data,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.drawCircle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,0);
-              board.drawCircle((float)x1,height()-(float)y1,0);
-              board.drawCircle((float)x2,height()-(float)y2,0);
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-          case 1 :
-            if (zbuffer)
-              draw_line(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,opacity).
-                draw_line(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx2,ty2,opacity).
-                draw_line(zbuffer,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity);
-            else
-              draw_line(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,opacity).
-                draw_line(x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx2,ty2,opacity).
-                draw_line(x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.drawLine((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,(float)x1,height()-(float)y1);
-              board.drawLine((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,(float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
-              board.drawLine((float)x1,height()-(float)y1,(float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-          case 2 :
-            if (zbuffer) draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity);
-            else draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
-                                 (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,
-                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-          case 3 :
-            if (zbuffer)
-              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity,lightprops(l));
-            else draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity,lightprops(l));
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              const float lp = cimg::min(lightprops(l),1);
-              board.setPenColorRGBi((unsigned char)(128*lp),
-                                    (unsigned char)(128*lp),
-                                    (unsigned char)(128*lp),
-                                    (unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
-                                 (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,
-                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-          case 4 :
-            if (zbuffer)
-              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,
-                            lightprops(n0),lightprops(n1),lightprops(n2),opacity);
-            else
-              draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,
-                            lightprops(n0),lightprops(n1),lightprops(n2),opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,lightprops(n0),
-                                        (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,lightprops(n1),
-                                        (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,lightprops(n2));
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-          case 5 :
-            if (zbuffer)
-              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,light_texture,
-                            (unsigned int)lightprops(n0,0),(unsigned int)lightprops(n0,1),
-                            (unsigned int)lightprops(n1,0),(unsigned int)lightprops(n1,1),
-                            (unsigned int)lightprops(n2,0),(unsigned int)lightprops(n2,1),
-                            opacity);
-            else
-              draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,light_texture,
-                            (unsigned int)lightprops(n0,0),(unsigned int)lightprops(n0,1),
-                            (unsigned int)lightprops(n1,0),(unsigned int)lightprops(n1,1),
-                            (unsigned int)lightprops(n2,0),(unsigned int)lightprops(n2,1),
-                            opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              const float
-                l0 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lightprops(n0,0))),
-                                   (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+lightprops(n0,1)))),
-                l1 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lightprops(n1,0))),
-                                   (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+lightprops(n1,1)))),
-                l2 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lightprops(n2,0))),
-                                   (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+lightprops(n2,1))));
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,l0,
-                                        (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,l1,
-                                        (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,l2);
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 12 : { // Textured quadrangle
-          if (!__color)
-            throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                        "draw_object3d(): Undefined texture for quadrangle primitive [%u].",
-                                        cimg_instance,n_primitive);
-          const unsigned int
-            n0 = (unsigned int)primitive[0],
-            n1 = (unsigned int)primitive[1],
-            n2 = (unsigned int)primitive[2],
-            n3 = (unsigned int)primitive[3],
-            tx0 = (unsigned int)primitive[4],
-            ty0 = (unsigned int)primitive[5],
-            tx1 = (unsigned int)primitive[6],
-            ty1 = (unsigned int)primitive[7],
-            tx2 = (unsigned int)primitive[8],
-            ty2 = (unsigned int)primitive[9],
-            tx3 = (unsigned int)primitive[10],
-            ty3 = (unsigned int)primitive[11];
-          const int
-            x0 = (int)projections(n0,0), y0 = (int)projections(n0,1),
-            x1 = (int)projections(n1,0), y1 = (int)projections(n1,1),
-            x2 = (int)projections(n2,0), y2 = (int)projections(n2,1),
-            x3 = (int)projections(n3,0), y3 = (int)projections(n3,1);
-          const float
-            z0 = vertices(n0,2) + Z + _focale,
-            z1 = vertices(n1,2) + Z + _focale,
-            z2 = vertices(n2,2) + Z + _focale,
-            z3 = vertices(n3,2) + Z + _focale;
-
-          switch (render_type) {
-          case 0 :
-            draw_point(x0,y0,color.get_vector_at(tx0,ty0)._data,opacity).
-              draw_point(x1,y1,color.get_vector_at(tx1,ty1)._data,opacity).
-              draw_point(x2,y2,color.get_vector_at(tx2,ty2)._data,opacity).
-              draw_point(x3,y3,color.get_vector_at(tx3,ty3)._data,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.drawCircle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,0);
-              board.drawCircle((float)x1,height()-(float)y1,0);
-              board.drawCircle((float)x2,height()-(float)y2,0);
-              board.drawCircle((float)x3,height()-(float)y3,0);
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-          case 1 :
-            if (zbuffer)
-              draw_line(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,opacity).
-                draw_line(zbuffer,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity).
-                draw_line(zbuffer,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,color,tx2,ty2,tx3,ty3,opacity).
-                draw_line(zbuffer,x3,y3,z3,x0,y0,z0,color,tx3,ty3,tx0,ty0,opacity);
-            else
-              draw_line(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,opacity).
-                draw_line(x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity).
-                draw_line(x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,color,tx2,ty2,tx3,ty3,opacity).
-                draw_line(x3,y3,z3,x0,y0,z0,color,tx3,ty3,tx0,ty0,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.drawLine((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,(float)x1,height()-(float)y1);
-              board.drawLine((float)x1,height()-(float)y1,(float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
-              board.drawLine((float)x2,height()-(float)y2,(float)x3,height()-(float)y3);
-              board.drawLine((float)x3,height()-(float)y3,(float)x0,height()-(float)y0);
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-          case 2 :
-            if (zbuffer)
-              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity).
-                draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,color,tx0,ty0,tx2,ty2,tx3,ty3,opacity);
-            else
-              draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity).
-                draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,color,tx0,ty0,tx2,ty2,tx3,ty3,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
-                                 (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,
-                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
-              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
-                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,
-                                 (float)x3,height()-(float)y3);
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-          case 3 :
-            if (zbuffer)
-              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity,lightprops(l)).
-                draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,color,tx0,ty0,tx2,ty2,tx3,ty3,opacity,lightprops(l));
-            else
-              draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity,lightprops(l)).
-                draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,color,tx0,ty0,tx2,ty2,tx3,ty3,opacity,lightprops(l));
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              const float lp = cimg::min(lightprops(l),1);
-              board.setPenColorRGBi((unsigned char)(128*lp),
-                                     (unsigned char)(128*lp),
-                                     (unsigned char)(128*lp),
-                                     (unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
-                                 (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,
-                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
-              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
-                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,
-                                 (float)x3,height()-(float)y3);
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-          case 4 : {
-            const float
-              lightprop0 = lightprops(n0), lightprop1 = lightprops(n1),
-              lightprop2 = lightprops(n2), lightprop3 = lightprops(n3);
-            if (zbuffer)
-              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,
-                            lightprop0,lightprop1,lightprop2,opacity).
-                draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,color,tx0,ty0,tx2,ty2,tx3,ty3,
-                              lightprop0,lightprop2,lightprop3,opacity);
-            else
-              draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,
-                            lightprop0,lightprop1,lightprop2,opacity).
-                draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,color,tx0,ty0,tx2,ty2,tx3,ty3,
-                              lightprop0,lightprop2,lightprop3,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,lightprop0,
-                                         (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,lightprop1,
-                                         (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,lightprop2);
-              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,lightprop0,
-                                         (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,lightprop2,
-                                         (float)x3,height()-(float)y3,lightprop3);
-            }
-#endif
-          } break;
-          case 5 : {
-            const unsigned int
-              lx0 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n0,0), ly0 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n0,1),
-              lx1 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n1,0), ly1 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n1,1),
-              lx2 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n2,0), ly2 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n2,1),
-              lx3 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n3,0), ly3 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n3,1);
-            if (zbuffer)
-              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,
-                            light_texture,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity).
-                draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,color,tx0,ty0,tx2,ty2,tx3,ty3,
-                              light_texture,lx0,ly0,lx2,ly2,lx3,ly3,opacity);
-            else
-              draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,
-                            light_texture,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity).
-                draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,color,tx0,ty0,tx2,ty2,tx3,ty3,
-                              light_texture,lx0,ly0,lx2,ly2,lx3,ly3,opacity);
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-            if (pboard) {
-              const float
-                l0 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lx0)), (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+ly0))),
-                l1 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lx1)), (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+ly1))),
-                l2 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lx2)), (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+ly2))),
-                l3 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lx3)), (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+ly3)));
-              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
-              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,l0,
-                                         (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,l1,
-                                         (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,l2);
-              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,l0,
-                                         (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,l2,
-                                         (float)x3,height()-(float)y3,l3);
-            }
-#endif
-          } break;
-          }
-        } break;
-        }
-      }
-
-      if (render_type==5) cimg::mutex(10,0);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //---------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Data Input
-    //@{
-    //---------------------------
-
-    //! Launch simple interface to select a shape from an image.
-    /**
-       \param disp Display window to use.
-       \param feature_type Type of feature to select. Can be <tt>{ 0=point | 1=line | 2=rectangle | 3=ellipse }</tt>.
-       \param XYZ Pointer to 3 values X,Y,Z which tells about the projection point coordinates, for volumetric images.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& select(CImgDisplay &disp,
-		    const unsigned int feature_type=2, unsigned int *const XYZ=0) {
-      return get_select(disp,feature_type,XYZ).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Simple interface to select a shape from an image \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& select(const char *const title,
-		    const unsigned int feature_type=2, unsigned int *const XYZ=0) {
-      return get_select(title,feature_type,XYZ).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Simple interface to select a shape from an image \newinstance.
-    CImg<intT> get_select(CImgDisplay &disp,
-		          const unsigned int feature_type=2, unsigned int *const XYZ=0) const {
-      return _get_select(disp,0,feature_type,XYZ,0,0,0,true,false);
-    }
-
-    //! Simple interface to select a shape from an image \newinstance.
-    CImg<intT> get_select(const char *const title,
-    			  const unsigned int feature_type=2, unsigned int *const XYZ=0) const {
-      CImgDisplay disp;
-      return _get_select(disp,title,feature_type,XYZ,0,0,0,true,false);
-    }
-
-    CImg<intT> _get_select(CImgDisplay &disp, const char *const title,
-			   const unsigned int feature_type, unsigned int *const XYZ,
-			   const int origX, const int origY, const int origZ,
-                           const bool reset_view3d,
-                           const bool force_display_z_coord) const {
-      if (is_empty()) return CImg<intT>(1,feature_type==0?3:6,1,1,-1);
-      if (!disp) {
-        disp.assign(cimg_fitscreen(_width,_height,_depth),title?title:0,1);
-        if (!title) disp.set_title("CImg<%s> (%ux%ux%ux%u)",pixel_type(),_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-      } else if (title) disp.set_title("%s",title);
-
-      const unsigned int old_normalization = disp.normalization();
-      bool old_is_resized = disp.is_resized();
-      disp._normalization = 0;
-      disp.show().set_key(0).set_wheel().show_mouse();
-
-      unsigned char foreground_color[] = { 255,255,255 }, background_color[] = { 0,0,0 };
-
-      int area = 0, starting_area = 0, clicked_area = 0, phase = 0,
-        X0 = (int)((XYZ?XYZ[0]:(_width-1)/2)%_width),
-        Y0 = (int)((XYZ?XYZ[1]:(_height-1)/2)%_height),
-        Z0 = (int)((XYZ?XYZ[2]:(_depth-1)/2)%_depth),
-        X1 =-1, Y1 = -1, Z1 = -1,
-        X3d = -1, Y3d = -1,
-        oX3d = X3d, oY3d = -1,
-        omx = -1, omy = -1;
-      float X = -1, Y = -1, Z = -1;
-      unsigned int old_button = 0, key = 0;
-
-      bool shape_selected = false, text_down = false, visible_cursor = true;
-      static CImg<floatT> pose3d;
-      static bool is_view3d = false, is_axes = true;
-      if (reset_view3d) { pose3d.assign(); is_view3d = false; }
-      CImg<floatT> points3d, opacities3d, sel_opacities3d;
-      CImgList<uintT> primitives3d, sel_primitives3d;
-      CImgList<ucharT> colors3d, sel_colors3d;
-      CImg<ucharT> visu, visu0, view3d;
-      char text[1024] = { 0 };
-
-      while (!key && !disp.is_closed() && !shape_selected) {
-
-        // Handle mouse motion and selection
-        int
-          mx = disp.mouse_x(),
-          my = disp.mouse_y();
-
-        const float
-          mX = mx<0?-1.0f:(float)mx*(width()+(depth()>1?depth():0))/disp.width(),
-          mY = my<0?-1.0f:(float)my*(height()+(depth()>1?depth():0))/disp.height();
-
-        area = 0;
-        if (mX>=0 && mY>=0 && mX<width() && mY<height())  { area = 1; X = mX; Y = mY; Z = (float)(phase?Z1:Z0); }
-        if (mX>=0 && mX<width() && mY>=height()) { area = 2; X = mX; Z = mY - _height; Y = (float)(phase?Y1:Y0); }
-        if (mY>=0 && mX>=width() && mY<height()) { area = 3; Y = mY; Z = mX - _width; X = (float)(phase?X1:X0); }
-        if (mX>=width() && mY>=height()) area = 4;
-        if (disp.button()) { if (!clicked_area) clicked_area = area; } else clicked_area = 0;
-
-        switch (key = disp.key()) {
-#if cimg_OS!=2
-        case cimg::keyCTRLRIGHT :
-#endif
-        case 0 : case cimg::keyCTRLLEFT : key = 0; break;
-        case cimg::keyPAGEUP :
-          if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { disp.set_wheel(1); key = 0; } break;
-        case cimg::keyPAGEDOWN :
-          if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { disp.set_wheel(-1); key = 0; } break;
-        case cimg::keyA : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            is_axes = !is_axes; disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; visu0.assign();
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyD : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            disp.set_fullscreen(false).
-              resize(CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(3*disp.width()/2,3*disp.height()/2,1,128,-100,false),
-                     CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(3*disp.width()/2,3*disp.height()/2,1,128,-100,true),false).
-              _is_resized = true;
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; visu0.assign();
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyC : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            disp.set_fullscreen(false).
-              resize(cimg_fitscreen(2*disp.width()/3,2*disp.height()/3,1),false)._is_resized = true;
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; visu0.assign();
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyR : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            disp.set_fullscreen(false).resize(cimg_fitscreen(_width,_height,_depth),false)._is_resized = true;
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; visu0.assign();
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyF : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            disp.resize(disp.screen_width(),disp.screen_height(),false).toggle_fullscreen()._is_resized = true;
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; visu0.assign();
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyV : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            is_view3d = !is_view3d; disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; visu0.assign();
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyS : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            static unsigned int snap_number = 0;
-            char filename[32] = { 0 };
-            std::FILE *file;
-            do {
-              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.bmp",snap_number++);
-              if ((file=std::fopen(filename,"r"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-            } while (file);
-            if (visu0) {
-              (+visu0).draw_text(0,0," Saving snapshot... ",foreground_color,background_color,0.7f,13).display(disp);
-              visu0.save(filename);
-              (+visu0).draw_text(0,0," Snapshot '%s' saved. ",foreground_color,background_color,0.7f,13,filename).
-                display(disp);
-            }
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyO : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            static unsigned int snap_number = 0;
-            char filename[32] = { 0 };
-            std::FILE *file;
-            do {
-#ifdef cimg_use_zlib
-              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.cimgz",snap_number++);
-#else
-              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.cimg",snap_number++);
-#endif
-              if ((file=std::fopen(filename,"r"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-            } while (file);
-            (+visu0).draw_text(0,0," Saving instance... ",foreground_color,background_color,0.7f,13).display(disp);
-            save(filename);
-            (+visu0).draw_text(0,0," Instance '%s' saved. ",foreground_color,background_color,0.7f,13,filename).
-              display(disp);
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
-          } break;
-        }
-
-        switch (area) {
-
-        case 0 : // When mouse is out of image range.
-          mx = my = -1; X = Y = Z = -1;
-          break;
-
-        case 1 : case 2 : case 3 : // When mouse is over the XY,XZ or YZ projections.
-          if (disp.button()&1 && phase<2 && clicked_area==area) { // When selection has been started (1st step).
-            if (_depth>1 && (X1!=(int)X || Y1!=(int)Y || Z1!=(int)Z)) visu0.assign();
-            X1 = (int)X; Y1 = (int)Y; Z1 = (int)Z;
-          }
-          if (!(disp.button()&1) && phase>=2 && clicked_area!=area) { // When selection is at 2nd step (for volumes).
-            switch (starting_area) {
-            case 1 : if (Z1!=(int)Z) visu0.assign(); Z1 = (int)Z; break;
-            case 2 : if (Y1!=(int)Y) visu0.assign(); Y1 = (int)Y; break;
-            case 3 : if (X1!=(int)X) visu0.assign(); X1 = (int)X; break;
-            }
-          }
-          if (disp.button()&2 && clicked_area==area) { // When moving through the image/volume.
-            if (phase) {
-              if (_depth>1 && (X1!=(int)X || Y1!=(int)Y || Z1!=(int)Z)) visu0.assign();
-              X1 = (int)X; Y1 = (int)Y; Z1 = (int)Z;
-            } else {
-              if (_depth>1 && (X0!=(int)X || Y0!=(int)Y || Z0!=(int)Z)) visu0.assign();
-              X0 = (int)X; Y0 = (int)Y; Z0 = (int)Z;
-            }
-          }
-          if (disp.button()&4) { // Reset positions.
-            X = (float)X0; Y = (float)Y0; Z = (float)Z0; phase = area = clicked_area = starting_area = 0;
-            visu0.assign();
-          }
-          if (disp.wheel()) { // When moving through the slices of the volume (with mouse wheel).
-            if (_depth>1 && !disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() && !disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT() &&
-                !disp.is_keySHIFTLEFT() && !disp.is_keySHIFTRIGHT() &&
-                !disp.is_keyALT() && !disp.is_keyALTGR()) {
-              switch (area) {
-              case 1 :
-                if (phase) Z = (float)(Z1+=disp.wheel()); else Z = (float)(Z0+=disp.wheel());
-                visu0.assign(); break;
-              case 2 :
-                if (phase) Y = (float)(Y1+=disp.wheel()); else Y = (float)(Y0+=disp.wheel());
-                visu0.assign(); break;
-              case 3 :
-                if (phase) X = (float)(X1+=disp.wheel()); else X = (float)(X0+=disp.wheel());
-                visu0.assign(); break;
-              }
-              disp.set_wheel();
-            } else key = ~0U;
-          }
-          if ((disp.button()&1)!=old_button) { // When left button has just been pressed or released.
-            switch (phase) {
-            case 0 :
-              if (area==clicked_area) {
-                X0 = X1 = (int)X; Y0 = Y1 = (int)Y; Z0 = Z1 = (int)Z; starting_area = area; ++phase;
-              } break;
-            case 1 :
-              if (area==starting_area) {
-                X1 = (int)X; Y1 = (int)Y; Z1 = (int)Z; ++phase;
-              } else if (!(disp.button()&1)) { X = (float)X0; Y = (float)Y0; Z = (float)Z0; phase = 0; visu0.assign(); }
-              break;
-            case 2 : ++phase; break;
-            }
-            old_button = disp.button()&1;
-          }
-          break;
-
-        case 4 : // When mouse is over the 3d view.
-          if (is_view3d && points3d) {
-            X3d = mx - _width*disp.width()/(_width+(_depth>1?_depth:0));
-            Y3d = my - _height*disp.height()/(_height+(_depth>1?_depth:0));
-            if (oX3d<0) { oX3d = X3d; oY3d = Y3d; }
-            // Left + right buttons: reset.
-            if ((disp.button()&3)==3) { pose3d.assign(); view3d.assign(); oX3d = oY3d = X3d = Y3d = -1; }
-            else if (disp.button()&1 && pose3d && (oX3d!=X3d || oY3d!=Y3d)) { // Left button: rotate.
-              const float
-                R = 0.45f*cimg::min(view3d._width,view3d._height),
-                R2 = R*R,
-                u0 = (float)(oX3d-view3d.width()/2),
-                v0 = (float)(oY3d-view3d.height()/2),
-                u1 = (float)(X3d-view3d.width()/2),
-                v1 = (float)(Y3d-view3d.height()/2),
-                n0 = (float)std::sqrt(u0*u0+v0*v0),
-                n1 = (float)std::sqrt(u1*u1+v1*v1),
-                nu0 = n0>R?(u0*R/n0):u0,
-                nv0 = n0>R?(v0*R/n0):v0,
-                nw0 = (float)std::sqrt(cimg::max(0,R2-nu0*nu0-nv0*nv0)),
-                nu1 = n1>R?(u1*R/n1):u1,
-                nv1 = n1>R?(v1*R/n1):v1,
-                nw1 = (float)std::sqrt(cimg::max(0,R2-nu1*nu1-nv1*nv1)),
-                u = nv0*nw1 - nw0*nv1,
-                v = nw0*nu1 - nu0*nw1,
-                w = nv0*nu1 - nu0*nv1,
-                n = (float)std::sqrt(u*u+v*v+w*w),
-                alpha = (float)std::asin(n/R2);
-              pose3d.draw_image(CImg<floatT>::rotation_matrix(u,v,w,alpha)*pose3d.get_crop(0,0,2,2));
-              view3d.assign();
-            } else if (disp.button()&2 && pose3d && oY3d!=Y3d) {  // Right button: zoom.
-              pose3d(3,2)-=(oY3d - Y3d)*1.5f; view3d.assign();
-            }
-            if (disp.wheel()) { // Wheel: zoom
-              pose3d(3,2)-=disp.wheel()*15; view3d.assign(); disp.set_wheel();
-            }
-            if (disp.button()&4 && pose3d && (oX3d!=X3d || oY3d!=Y3d)) { // Middle button: shift.
-              pose3d(3,0)-=oX3d - X3d; pose3d(3,1)-=oY3d - Y3d; view3d.assign();
-            }
-            oX3d = X3d; oY3d = Y3d;
-          }
-          mx = my = -1; X = Y = Z = -1;
-          break;
-        }
-
-        if (phase) {
-          if (!feature_type) shape_selected = phase?true:false;
-          else {
-            if (_depth>1) shape_selected = (phase==3)?true:false;
-            else shape_selected = (phase==2)?true:false;
-          }
-        }
-
-        if (X0<0) X0 = 0; if (X0>=width()) X0 = width() - 1;
-        if (Y0<0) Y0 = 0; if (Y0>=height()) Y0 = height() - 1;
-        if (Z0<0) Z0 = 0; if (Z0>=depth()) Z0 = depth() - 1;
-        if (X1<1) X1 = 0; if (X1>=width()) X1 = width() - 1;
-        if (Y1<0) Y1 = 0; if (Y1>=height()) Y1 = height() - 1;
-        if (Z1<0) Z1 = 0; if (Z1>=depth()) Z1 = depth() - 1;
-
-        // Draw visualization image on the display
-        if (mx!=omx || my!=omy || !visu0 || (_depth>1 && !view3d)) {
-
-          if (!visu0) { // Create image of projected planes.
-            __get_select(disp,old_normalization,phase?X1:X0,phase?Y1:Y0,phase?Z1:Z0).move_to(visu0).resize(disp);
-            view3d.assign();
-            points3d.assign();
-          }
-
-          if (is_view3d && _depth>1 && !view3d) { // Create 3d view for volumetric images.
-            const unsigned int
-              _x3d = (unsigned int)cimg::round((float)_width*visu0._width/(_width+_depth),1,1),
-              _y3d = (unsigned int)cimg::round((float)_height*visu0._height/(_height+_depth),1,1),
-              x3d = _x3d>=visu0._width?visu0._width-1:_x3d,
-              y3d = _y3d>=visu0._height?visu0._height-1:_y3d;
-            CImg<ucharT>(1,2,1,1,64,128).resize(visu0._width-x3d,visu0._height-y3d,1,visu0._spectrum,3).move_to(view3d);
-            if (!points3d) {
-              get_projections3d(primitives3d,colors3d,phase?X1:X0,phase?Y1:Y0,phase?Z1:Z0,true).move_to(points3d);
-              points3d.append(CImg<floatT>(8,3,1,1,
-                                           0,_width-1,_width-1,0,0,_width-1,_width-1,0,
-                                           0,0,_height-1,_height-1,0,0,_height-1,_height-1,
-                                           0,0,0,0,_depth-1,_depth-1,_depth-1,_depth-1),'x');
-              CImg<uintT>::vector(12,13).move_to(primitives3d); CImg<uintT>::vector(13,14).move_to(primitives3d);
-              CImg<uintT>::vector(14,15).move_to(primitives3d); CImg<uintT>::vector(15,12).move_to(primitives3d);
-              CImg<uintT>::vector(16,17).move_to(primitives3d); CImg<uintT>::vector(17,18).move_to(primitives3d);
-              CImg<uintT>::vector(18,19).move_to(primitives3d); CImg<uintT>::vector(19,16).move_to(primitives3d);
-              CImg<uintT>::vector(12,16).move_to(primitives3d); CImg<uintT>::vector(13,17).move_to(primitives3d);
-              CImg<uintT>::vector(14,18).move_to(primitives3d); CImg<uintT>::vector(15,19).move_to(primitives3d);
-              colors3d.insert(12,CImg<ucharT>::vector(255,255,255));
-              opacities3d.assign(primitives3d.width(),1,1,1,0.5f);
-              if (!phase) {
-                opacities3d[0] = opacities3d[1] = opacities3d[2] = 0.8f;
-                sel_primitives3d.assign();
-                sel_colors3d.assign();
-                sel_opacities3d.assign();
-              } else {
-                if (feature_type==2) {
-                  points3d.append(CImg<floatT>(8,3,1,1,
-                                               X0,X1,X1,X0,X0,X1,X1,X0,
-                                               Y0,Y0,Y1,Y1,Y0,Y0,Y1,Y1,
-                                               Z0,Z0,Z0,Z0,Z1,Z1,Z1,Z1),'x');
-                  sel_primitives3d.assign();
-                  CImg<uintT>::vector(20,21).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
-                  CImg<uintT>::vector(21,22).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
-                  CImg<uintT>::vector(22,23).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
-                  CImg<uintT>::vector(23,20).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
-                  CImg<uintT>::vector(24,25).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
-                  CImg<uintT>::vector(25,26).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
-                  CImg<uintT>::vector(26,27).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
-                  CImg<uintT>::vector(27,24).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
-                  CImg<uintT>::vector(20,24).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
-                  CImg<uintT>::vector(21,25).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
-                  CImg<uintT>::vector(22,26).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
-                  CImg<uintT>::vector(23,27).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
-                } else {
-                  points3d.append(CImg<floatT>(2,3,1,1,
-                                               X0,X1,
-                                               Y0,Y1,
-                                               Z0,Z1),'x');
-                  sel_primitives3d.assign(CImg<uintT>::vector(20,21));
-                }
-                sel_colors3d.assign(sel_primitives3d._width,CImg<ucharT>::vector(255,255,255));
-                sel_opacities3d.assign(sel_primitives3d._width,1,1,1,0.8f);
-              }
-              points3d.shift_object3d(-0.5f*(_width-1),-0.5f*(_height-1),-0.5f*(_depth-1)).resize_object3d();
-              points3d*=0.75f*cimg::min(view3d._width,view3d._height);
-            }
-
-            if (!pose3d) CImg<floatT>(4,3,1,1, 1,0,0,0, 0,1,0,0, 0,0,1,0).move_to(pose3d);
-            CImg<floatT> zbuffer3d(view3d._width,view3d._height,1,1,0);
-            const CImg<floatT> rotated_points3d = pose3d.get_crop(0,0,2,2)*points3d;
-            if (sel_primitives3d)
-              view3d.draw_object3d(pose3d(3,0) + 0.5f*view3d._width,
-                                   pose3d(3,1) + 0.5f*view3d._height,
-                                   pose3d(3,2),
-                                   rotated_points3d,sel_primitives3d,sel_colors3d,sel_opacities3d,
-                                   2,true,500,0,0,0,0,0,zbuffer3d);
-            view3d.draw_object3d(pose3d(3,0) + 0.5f*view3d._width,
-                                 pose3d(3,1) + 0.5f*view3d._height,
-                                 pose3d(3,2),
-                                 rotated_points3d,primitives3d,colors3d,opacities3d,
-                                 2,true,500,0,0,0,0,0,zbuffer3d);
-            visu0.draw_image(x3d,y3d,view3d);
-          }
-          visu = visu0;
-
-          if (X<0 || Y<0 || Z<0) { if (!visible_cursor) { disp.show_mouse(); visible_cursor = true; }}
-          else {
-            if (is_axes) { if (visible_cursor) { disp.hide_mouse(); visible_cursor = false; }}
-            else { if (!visible_cursor) { disp.show_mouse(); visible_cursor = true; }}
-            const int d = (_depth>1)?_depth:0;
-            int
-              w = disp.width(), W = width() + d,
-              h = disp.height(), H = height() + d,
-              _xp = (int)X*w/W, xp = _xp + (_xp*W/w!=(int)X?1:0),
-              _yp = (int)Y*h/H, yp = _yp + (_yp*H/h!=(int)Y?1:0),
-              _xn = (int)(X+1)*w/W-1, xn = _xn + ((_xn+1)*W/w!=(int)X+1?1:0),
-              _yn = (int)(Y+1)*h/H-1, yn = _yn + ((_yn+1)*H/h!=(int)Y+1?1:0),
-              _zxp = ((int)Z+width())*w/W, zxp = _zxp + (_zxp*W/w!=(int)Z+width()?1:0),
-              _zyp = ((int)Z+height())*h/H, zyp = _zyp + (_zyp*H/h!=(int)Z+height()?1:0),
-              _zxn = ((int)Z+width()+1)*w/W-1, zxn = _zxn + ((_zxn+1)*W/w!=(int)Z+width()+1?1:0),
-              _zyn = ((int)Z+height()+1)*h/H-1, zyn = _zyn + ((_zyn+1)*H/h!=(int)Z+height()+1?1:0),
-              _xM = width()*w/W-1, xM = _xM + ((_xM+1)*W/w!=width()?1:0),
-              _yM = height()*h/H-1, yM = _yM + ((_yM+1)*H/h!=height()?1:0),
-              xc = (xp + xn)/2,
-              yc = (yp + yn)/2,
-              zxc = (zxp + zxn)/2,
-              zyc = (zyp + zyn)/2,
-              xf = (int)(X*w/W),
-              yf = (int)(Y*h/H),
-              zxf = (int)((Z+width())*w/W),
-              zyf = (int)((Z+height())*h/H);
-
-            if (is_axes) { // Draw axes.
-              visu.draw_line(0,yf,visu.width()-1,yf,foreground_color,0.7f,0xFF00FF00).
-                draw_line(0,yf,visu.width()-1,yf,background_color,0.7f,0x00FF00FF).
-                draw_line(xf,0,xf,visu.height()-1,foreground_color,0.7f,0xFF00FF00).
-                draw_line(xf,0,xf,visu.height()-1,background_color,0.7f,0x00FF00FF);
-              if (_depth>1)
-                visu.draw_line(zxf,0,zxf,yM,foreground_color,0.7f,0xFF00FF00).
-                  draw_line(zxf,0,zxf,yM,background_color,0.7f,0x00FF00FF).
-                  draw_line(0,zyf,xM,zyf,foreground_color,0.7f,0xFF00FF00).
-                  draw_line(0,zyf,xM,zyf,background_color,0.7f,0x00FF00FF);
-            }
-
-            // Draw box cursor.
-            if (xn-xp>=4 && yn-yp>=4) visu.draw_rectangle(xp,yp,xn,yn,foreground_color,0.2f).
-                                        draw_rectangle(xp,yp,xn,yn,foreground_color,1,0xAAAAAAAA).
-                                        draw_rectangle(xp,yp,xn,yn,background_color,1,0x55555555);
-            if (_depth>1) {
-              if (yn-yp>=4 && zxn-zxp>=4) visu.draw_rectangle(zxp,yp,zxn,yn,background_color,0.2f).
-                                            draw_rectangle(zxp,yp,zxn,yn,foreground_color,1,0xAAAAAAAA).
-                                            draw_rectangle(zxp,yp,zxn,yn,background_color,1,0x55555555);
-              if (xn-xp>=4 && zyn-zyp>=4) visu.draw_rectangle(xp,zyp,xn,zyn,background_color,0.2f).
-                                            draw_rectangle(xp,zyp,xn,zyn,foreground_color,1,0xAAAAAAAA).
-                                            draw_rectangle(xp,zyp,xn,zyn,background_color,1,0x55555555);
-            }
-
-            // Draw selection.
-            if (phase) {
-              const int
-                _xp0 = X0*w/W, xp0 = _xp0 + (_xp0*W/w!=X0?1:0),
-                _yp0 = Y0*h/H, yp0 = _yp0 + (_yp0*H/h!=Y0?1:0),
-                _xn0 = (X0+1)*w/W-1, xn0 = _xn0 + ((_xn0+1)*W/w!=X0+1?1:0),
-                _yn0 = (Y0+1)*h/H-1, yn0 = _yn0 + ((_yn0+1)*H/h!=Y0+1?1:0),
-                _zxp0 = (Z0+width())*w/W, zxp0 = _zxp0 + (_zxp0*W/w!=Z0+width()?1:0),
-                _zyp0 = (Z0+height())*h/H, zyp0 = _zyp0 + (_zyp0*H/h!=Z0+height()?1:0),
-                _zxn0 = (Z0+width()+1)*w/W-1, zxn0 = _zxn0 + ((_zxn0+1)*W/w!=Z0+width()+1?1:0),
-                _zyn0 = (Z0+height()+1)*h/H-1, zyn0 = _zyn0 + ((_zyn0+1)*H/h!=Z0+height()+1?1:0),
-                xc0 = (xp0 + xn0)/2,
-                yc0 = (yp0 + yn0)/2,
-                zxc0 = (zxp0 + zxn0)/2,
-                zyc0 = (zyp0 + zyn0)/2;
-
-              switch (feature_type) {
-              case 1 : {
-                visu.draw_arrow(xc0,yc0,xc,yc,background_color,0.9f,30,5,0x55555555).
-                  draw_arrow(xc0,yc0,xc,yc,foreground_color,0.9f,30,5,0xAAAAAAAA);
-                if (d) {
-                  visu.draw_arrow(zxc0,yc0,zxc,yc,background_color,0.9f,30,5,0x55555555).
-                    draw_arrow(zxc0,yc0,zxc,yc,foreground_color,0.9f,30,5,0xAAAAAAAA).
-                    draw_arrow(xc0,zyc0,xc,zyc,background_color,0.9f,30,5,0x55555555).
-                    draw_arrow(xc0,zyc0,xc,zyc,foreground_color,0.9f,30,5,0xAAAAAAAA);
-                }
-              } break;
-              case 2 : {
-                visu.draw_rectangle(X0<X1?xp0:xp,Y0<Y1?yp0:yp,X0<X1?xn:xn0,Y0<Y1?yn:yn0,background_color,0.2f).
-                  draw_rectangle(X0<X1?xp0:xp,Y0<Y1?yp0:yp,X0<X1?xn:xn0,Y0<Y1?yn:yn0,foreground_color,0.9f,0xAAAAAAAA).
-                  draw_rectangle(X0<X1?xp0:xp,Y0<Y1?yp0:yp,X0<X1?xn:xn0,Y0<Y1?yn:yn0,background_color,0.9f,0x55555555);
-                if (d) {
-                  visu.draw_rectangle(Z0<Z1?zxp0:zxp,Y0<Y1?yp0:yp,Z0<Z1?zxn:zxn0,Y0<Y1?yn:yn0,background_color,0.2f).
-                    draw_rectangle(Z0<Z1?zxp0:zxp,Y0<Y1?yp0:yp,Z0<Z1?zxn:zxn0,Y0<Y1?yn:yn0,
-                                   foreground_color,0.9f,0xAAAAAAAA).
-                    draw_rectangle(Z0<Z1?zxp0:zxp,Y0<Y1?yp0:yp,Z0<Z1?zxn:zxn0,Y0<Y1?yn:yn0,
-                                   background_color,0.9f,0x55555555).
-                    draw_rectangle(X0<X1?xp0:xp,Z0<Z1?zyp0:zyp,X0<X1?xn:xn0,Z0<Z1?zyn:zyn0,
-                                   background_color,0.2f).
-                    draw_rectangle(X0<X1?xp0:xp,Z0<Z1?zyp0:zyp,X0<X1?xn:xn0,Z0<Z1?zyn:zyn0,
-                                   foreground_color,0.9f,0xAAAAAAAA).
-                    draw_rectangle(X0<X1?xp0:xp,Z0<Z1?zyp0:zyp,X0<X1?xn:xn0,Z0<Z1?zyn:zyn0,
-                                   background_color,0.9f,0x55555555);
-                }
-              } break;
-              case 3 : {
-                visu.draw_ellipse(xc0,yc0,(float)cimg::abs(xc-xc0),(float)cimg::abs(yc-yc0),0,background_color,0.2f).
-                  draw_ellipse(xc0,yc0,(float)cimg::abs(xc-xc0),(float)cimg::abs(yc-yc0),0,foreground_color,0.9f,~0U).
-                  draw_point(xc0,yc0,foreground_color,0.9f);
-                if (d) {
-                  visu.draw_ellipse(zxc0,yc0,(float)cimg::abs(zxc-zxc0),(float)cimg::abs(yc-yc0),0,
-                                    background_color,0.2f).
-                    draw_ellipse(zxc0,yc0,(float)cimg::abs(zxc-zxc0),(float)cimg::abs(yc-yc0),0,
-                                 foreground_color,0.9f,~0U).
-                    draw_point(zxc0,yc0,foreground_color,0.9f).
-                    draw_ellipse(xc0,zyc0,(float)cimg::abs(xc-xc0),(float)cimg::abs(zyc-zyc0),0,
-                                 background_color,0.2f).
-                    draw_ellipse(xc0,zyc0,(float)cimg::abs(xc-xc0),(float)cimg::abs(zyc-zyc0),0,
-                                 foreground_color,0.9f,~0U).
-                    draw_point(xc0,zyc0,foreground_color,0.9f);
-                }
-              } break;
-              }
-            }
-
-            // Draw text info.
-            if (my>=0 && my<13) text_down = true; else if (my>=visu.height()-13) text_down = false;
-            if (!feature_type || !phase) {
-              if (X>=0 && Y>=0 && Z>=0 && X<width() && Y<height() && Z<depth()) {
-                if (_depth>1 || force_display_z_coord)
-                  cimg_snprintf(text,sizeof(text)," Point (%d,%d,%d) = [ ",origX+(int)X,origY+(int)Y,origZ+(int)Z);
-                else cimg_snprintf(text,sizeof(text)," Point (%d,%d) = [ ",origX+(int)X,origY+(int)Y);
-                char *ctext = text + std::strlen(text), *const ltext = text + 512;
-                for (unsigned int c = 0; c<_spectrum && ctext<ltext; ++c) {
-                  cimg_snprintf(ctext,sizeof(text)/2,cimg::type<T>::format(),
-                                cimg::type<T>::format((*this)((int)X,(int)Y,(int)Z,c)));
-                  ctext = text + std::strlen(text);
-                  *(ctext++) = ' '; *ctext = 0;
-                }
-                std::strcpy(text + std::strlen(text),"] ");
-              }
-            } else switch (feature_type) {
-              case 1 : {
-                const double dX = (double)(X0 - X1), dY = (double)(Y0 - Y1), dZ = (double)(Z0 - Z1),
-                  norm = std::sqrt(dX*dX+dY*dY+dZ*dZ);
-                if (_depth>1 || force_display_z_coord)
-                  cimg_snprintf(text,sizeof(text)," Vect (%d,%d,%d)-(%d,%d,%d), Norm = %g ",
-                                origX+X0,origY+Y0,origZ+Z0,origX+X1,origY+Y1,origZ+Z1,norm);
-                else cimg_snprintf(text,sizeof(text)," Vect (%d,%d)-(%d,%d), Norm = %g ",
-                                   origX+X0,origY+Y0,origX+X1,origY+Y1,norm);
-              } break;
-              case 2 :
-                if (_depth>1 || force_display_z_coord)
-                  cimg_snprintf(text,sizeof(text)," Box (%d,%d,%d)-(%d,%d,%d), Size = (%d,%d,%d) ",
-                                origX+(X0<X1?X0:X1),origY+(Y0<Y1?Y0:Y1),origZ+(Z0<Z1?Z0:Z1),
-                                origX+(X0<X1?X1:X0),origY+(Y0<Y1?Y1:Y0),origZ+(Z0<Z1?Z1:Z0),
-                                1+cimg::abs(X0-X1),1+cimg::abs(Y0-Y1),1+cimg::abs(Z0-Z1));
-                else cimg_snprintf(text,sizeof(text)," Box (%d,%d)-(%d,%d), Size = (%d,%d) ",
-                                   origX+(X0<X1?X0:X1),origY+(Y0<Y1?Y0:Y1),origX+(X0<X1?X1:X0),origY+(Y0<Y1?Y1:Y0),
-                                   1+cimg::abs(X0-X1),1+cimg::abs(Y0-Y1));
-                break;
-              default :
-                if (_depth>1 || force_display_z_coord)
-                  cimg_snprintf(text,sizeof(text)," Ellipse (%d,%d,%d)-(%d,%d,%d), Radii = (%d,%d,%d) ",
-                                origX+X0,origY+Y0,origZ+Z0,origX+X1,origY+Y1,origZ+Z1,
-                                1+cimg::abs(X0-X1),1+cimg::abs(Y0-Y1),1+cimg::abs(Z0-Z1));
-                else cimg_snprintf(text,sizeof(text)," Ellipse (%d,%d)-(%d,%d), Radii = (%d,%d) ",
-                                   origX+X0,origY+Y0,origX+X1,origY+Y1,1+cimg::abs(X0-X1),1+cimg::abs(Y0-Y1));
-              }
-            if (phase || (mx>=0 && my>=0))
-              visu.draw_text(0,text_down?visu.height()-13:0,text,foreground_color,background_color,0.7f,13);
-          }
-
-          disp.display(visu).wait();
-        } else if (!shape_selected) disp.wait();
-        if (disp.is_resized()) { disp.resize(false)._is_resized = false; old_is_resized = true; visu0.assign(); }
-        omx = mx; omy = my;
-      }
-
-      // Return result.
-      CImg<intT> res(1,feature_type==0?3:6,1,1,-1);
-      if (XYZ) { XYZ[0] = (unsigned int)X0; XYZ[1] = (unsigned int)Y0; XYZ[2] = (unsigned int)Z0; }
-      if (shape_selected) {
-        if (feature_type==2) {
-          if (X0>X1) cimg::swap(X0,X1);
-          if (Y0>Y1) cimg::swap(Y0,Y1);
-          if (Z0>Z1) cimg::swap(Z0,Z1);
-        }
-	if (X1<0 || Y1<0 || Z1<0) X0 = Y0 = Z0 = X1 = Y1 = Z1 = -1;
-	switch (feature_type) {
-	case 1 : case 2 : res[0] = X0; res[1] = Y0; res[2] = Z0; res[3] = X1; res[4] = Y1; res[5] = Z1; break;
-        case 3 :
-          res[3] = cimg::abs(X1-X0); res[4] = cimg::abs(Y1-Y0); res[5] = cimg::abs(Z1-Z0); // keep no break here!
-	default : res[0] = X0; res[1] = Y0; res[2] = Z0;
-	}
-      }
-      disp.set_button();
-      if (!visible_cursor) disp.show_mouse();
-      disp._normalization = old_normalization;
-      disp._is_resized = old_is_resized;
-      if (key!=~0U) disp.set_key(key);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    // Return a visualizable uchar8 image for display routines.
-    CImg<ucharT> __get_select(const CImgDisplay& disp, const int normalization,
-                              const int x, const int y, const int z) const {
-      if (is_empty()) return CImg<ucharT>(1,1,1,1,0);
-      const CImg<T> crop = get_shared_channels(0,cimg::min(2,spectrum()-1));
-      CImg<Tuchar> img2d;
-      if (_depth>1) crop.get_projections2d(x,y,z).move_to(img2d);
-      else CImg<Tuchar>(crop,false).move_to(img2d);
-
-      if (cimg::type<T>::is_float()) { // Check for inf and nan values.
-        bool is_inf = false, is_nan = false;
-        cimg_for(img2d,ptr,Tuchar)
-          if (cimg::type<T>::is_inf(*ptr)) { is_inf = true; break; }
-          else if (cimg::type<T>::is_nan(*ptr)) { is_nan = true; break; }
-        if (is_inf || is_nan) {
-          T m0 = cimg::type<T>::max(), M0 = cimg::type<T>::min();
-          if (!normalization) { m0 = 0; M0 = 255; }
-          else if (normalization==2) { m0 = (T)disp._min; M0 = (T)disp._max; }
-          else
-            cimg_for(img2d,ptr,Tuchar)
-              if (!cimg::type<T>::is_inf(*ptr) && !cimg::type<T>::is_nan(*ptr)) {
-                if (*ptr<m0) m0 = *ptr; if (*ptr>M0) M0 = *ptr;
-              }
-          const T
-            val_minf = (normalization==1 || normalization==3)?m0-(M0-m0)*20-1:m0,
-            val_pinf = (normalization==1 || normalization==3)?M0+(M0-m0)*20+1:M0;
-          if (is_nan)
-            cimg_for(img2d,ptr,Tuchar)
-              if (cimg::type<T>::is_nan(*ptr)) *ptr = val_minf; // Replace nan values.
-          if (is_inf)
-            cimg_for(img2d,ptr,Tuchar)
-              if (cimg::type<T>::is_inf(*ptr)) *ptr = (float)*ptr<0?val_minf:val_pinf; // Replace +-inf values.
-        }
-      }
-
-      switch (normalization) {
-      case 1 : img2d.normalize(0,255); break;
-      case 2 : {
-        const float m = disp._min, M = disp._max;
-        (img2d-=m)*=255.0f/(M-m>0?M-m:1);
-      } break;
-      case 3 :
-        if (cimg::type<T>::is_float()) img2d.normalize(0,255);
-        else {
-          const float m = (float)cimg::type<T>::min(), M = (float)cimg::type<T>::max();
-          (img2d-=m)*=255.0f/(M-m>0?M-m:1);
-        } break;
-      }
-
-      if (img2d.spectrum()==2) img2d.channels(0,2);
-      return img2d;
-    }
-
-    //! Select sub-graph in a graph.
-    CImg<intT> get_select_graph(CImgDisplay &disp,
-                                const unsigned int plot_type=1, const unsigned int vertex_type=1,
-                                const char *const labelx=0, const double xmin=0, const double xmax=0,
-                                const char *const labely=0, const double ymin=0, const double ymax=0) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "select_graph(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (!disp) disp.assign(cimg_fitscreen(CImgDisplay::screen_width()/2,CImgDisplay::screen_height()/2,1),0,0).
-                   set_title("CImg<%s>",pixel_type());
-      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
-      const unsigned int old_normalization = disp.normalization();
-      disp.show().set_button().set_wheel()._normalization = 0;
-
-      double nymin = ymin, nymax = ymax, nxmin = xmin, nxmax = xmax;
-      if (nymin==nymax) { nymin = (Tfloat)min_max(nymax); const double dy = nymax - nymin; nymin-=dy/20; nymax+=dy/20; }
-      if (nymin==nymax) { --nymin; ++nymax; }
-      if (nxmin==nxmax && nxmin==0) { nxmin = 0; nxmax = siz - 1.0; }
-
-      const unsigned char black[] = { 0, 0, 0 }, white[] = { 255, 255, 255 }, gray[] = { 220, 220, 220 };
-      const unsigned char gray2[] = { 110, 110, 110 }, ngray[] = { 35, 35, 35 };
-      static unsigned int odimv = 0;
-      static CImg<ucharT> colormap;
-      if (odimv!=_spectrum) {
-        odimv = _spectrum;
-        colormap = CImg<ucharT>(3,_spectrum,1,1,120).noise(70,1);
-        if (_spectrum==1) { colormap[0] = colormap[1] = 120; colormap[2] = 200; }
-        else {
-          colormap(0,0) = 220; colormap(1,0) = 10; colormap(2,0) = 10;
-          if (_spectrum>1) { colormap(0,1) = 10; colormap(1,1) = 220; colormap(2,1) = 10; }
-          if (_spectrum>2) { colormap(0,2) = 10; colormap(1,2) = 10; colormap(2,2) = 220; }
-        }
-      }
-
-      CImg<ucharT> visu0, visu, graph, text, axes;
-      int x0 = -1, x1 = -1, y0 = -1, y1 = -1, omouse_x = -2, omouse_y = -2;
-      const unsigned int one = plot_type==3?0:1;
-      unsigned int okey = 0, obutton = 0;
-      char message[1024] = { 0 };
-      CImg_3x3(I,unsigned char);
-
-      for (bool selected = false; !selected && !disp.is_closed() && !okey && !disp.wheel(); ) {
-        const int mouse_x = disp.mouse_x(), mouse_y = disp.mouse_y();
-        const unsigned int key = disp.key(), button = disp.button();
-
-        // Generate graph representation.
-        if (!visu0) {
-          visu0.assign(disp.width(),disp.height(),1,3,220);
-          const int gdimx = disp.width() - 32, gdimy = disp.height() - 32;
-          if (gdimx>0 && gdimy>0) {
-            graph.assign(gdimx,gdimy,1,3,255);
-            if (siz<32) {
-              if (siz>1) graph.draw_grid(gdimx/(float)(siz - one),gdimy/(float)(siz - one),0,0,
-                                         false,true,black,0.2f,0x33333333,0x33333333);
-            } else graph.draw_grid(-10,-10,0,0,false,true,black,0.2f,0x33333333,0x33333333);
-            cimg_forC(*this,c)
-              graph.draw_graph(get_shared_channel(c),&colormap(0,c),(plot_type!=3 || _spectrum==1)?1:0.6f,
-                               plot_type,vertex_type,nymax,nymin);
-
-            axes.assign(gdimx,gdimy,1,1,0);
-            const float
-              dx = (float)cimg::abs(nxmax-nxmin), dy = (float)cimg::abs(nymax-nymin),
-              px = (float)std::pow(10.0,(int)std::log10(dx?dx:1)-2.0),
-              py = (float)std::pow(10.0,(int)std::log10(dy?dy:1)-2.0);
-            const CImg<Tdouble>
-              seqx = dx<=0?CImg<Tdouble>::vector(nxmin):
-                CImg<Tdouble>::sequence(1 + gdimx/60,nxmin,one?nxmax:nxmin+(nxmax-nxmin)*(siz+1)/siz).round(px),
-              seqy = CImg<Tdouble>::sequence(1 + gdimy/60,nymax,nymin).round(py);
-
-            const bool allow_zero = (nxmin*nxmax>0) || (nymin*nymax>0);
-            axes.draw_axes(seqx,seqy,white,1,~0U,~0U,13,allow_zero);
-            if (nymin>0) axes.draw_axis(seqx,gdimy-1,gray,1,~0U,13,allow_zero);
-            if (nymax<0) axes.draw_axis(seqx,0,gray,1,~0U,13,allow_zero);
-	    if (nxmin>0) axes.draw_axis(0,seqy,gray,1,~0U,13,allow_zero);
-	    if (nxmax<0) axes.draw_axis(gdimx-1,seqy,gray,1,~0U,13,allow_zero);
-
-            cimg_for3x3(axes,x,y,0,0,I,unsigned char)
-              if (Icc) {
-                if (Icc==255) cimg_forC(graph,c) graph(x,y,c) = 0;
-                else cimg_forC(graph,c) graph(x,y,c) = (unsigned char)(2*graph(x,y,c)/3);
-              }
-              else if (Ipc || Inc || Icp || Icn || Ipp || Inn || Ipn || Inp)
-                cimg_forC(graph,c) graph(x,y,c) = (graph(x,y,c)+511)/3;
-
-            visu0.draw_image(16,16,graph);
-	    visu0.draw_line(15,15,16+gdimx,15,gray2).draw_line(16+gdimx,15,16+gdimx,16+gdimy,gray2).
-	      draw_line(16+gdimx,16+gdimy,15,16+gdimy,white).draw_line(15,16+gdimy,15,15,white);
-          } else graph.assign();
-          text.assign().draw_text(0,0,labelx?labelx:"X-axis",white,ngray,1,13).resize(-100,-100,1,3);
-          visu0.draw_image((visu0.width()-text.width())/2,visu0.height()-14,~text);
-          text.assign().draw_text(0,0,labely?labely:"Y-axis",white,ngray,1,13).rotate(-90).resize(-100,-100,1,3);
-          visu0.draw_image(1,(visu0.height()-text.height())/2,~text);
-          visu.assign();
-        }
-
-        // Generate and display current view.
-        if (!visu) {
-          visu.assign(visu0);
-          if (graph && x0>=0 && x1>=0) {
-            const int
-              nx0 = x0<=x1?x0:x1,
-              nx1 = x0<=x1?x1:x0,
-              ny0 = y0<=y1?y0:y1,
-              ny1 = y0<=y1?y1:y0,
-              sx0 = 16 + nx0*(visu.width()-32)/cimg::max(1U,siz-one),
-              sx1 = 15 + (nx1+1)*(visu.width()-32)/cimg::max(1U,siz-one),
-              sy0 = 16 + ny0,
-              sy1 = 16 + ny1;
-            if (y0>=0 && y1>=0)
-              visu.draw_rectangle(sx0,sy0,sx1,sy1,gray,0.5f).draw_rectangle(sx0,sy0,sx1,sy1,black,0.5f,0xCCCCCCCCU);
-            else visu.draw_rectangle(sx0,0,sx1,visu.height()-17,gray,0.5f).
-                   draw_line(sx0,16,sx0,visu.height()-17,black,0.5f,0xCCCCCCCCU).
-                   draw_line(sx1,16,sx1,visu.height()-17,black,0.5f,0xCCCCCCCCU);
-          }
-          if (mouse_x>=16 && mouse_y>=16 && mouse_x<visu.width()-16 && mouse_y<visu.height()-16) {
-            if (graph) visu.draw_line(mouse_x,16,mouse_x,visu.height()-17,black,0.5f,0x55555555U);
-            const unsigned int x = (unsigned int)cimg::round((mouse_x-16.0f)*(siz-one)/(disp.width()-32),1,one?0:-1);
-            const double cx = nxmin + x*(nxmax-nxmin)/cimg::max(1U,siz-1);
-            if (_spectrum>=7)
-              cimg_snprintf(message,sizeof(message),"Value[%u:%g] = ( %g %g %g ... %g %g %g )",x,cx,
-                            (double)(*this)(x,0,0,0),(double)(*this)(x,0,0,1),(double)(*this)(x,0,0,2),
-                            (double)(*this)(x,0,0,_spectrum-4),(double)(*this)(x,0,0,_spectrum-3),
-                            (double)(*this)(x,0,0,_spectrum-1));
-            else {
-              cimg_snprintf(message,sizeof(message),"Value[%u:%g] = ( ",x,cx);
-              cimg_forC(*this,c) std::sprintf(message + std::strlen(message),"%g ",(double)(*this)(x,0,0,c));
-              std::sprintf(message + std::strlen(message),")");
-            }
-	    if (x0>=0 && x1>=0) {
-	      const unsigned int
-                nx0 = x0<=x1?x0:x1,
-                nx1 = x0<=x1?x1:x0,
-                ny0 = y0<=y1?y0:y1,
-                ny1 = y0<=y1?y1:y0;
-	      const double
-                cx0 = nxmin + nx0*(nxmax-nxmin)/cimg::max(1U,siz-1),
-                cx1 = nxmin + (nx1+one)*(nxmax-nxmin)/cimg::max(1U,siz-1),
-                cy0 = nymax - ny0*(nymax-nymin)/(visu._height-32),
-                cy1 = nymax - ny1*(nymax-nymin)/(visu._height-32);
-	      if (y0>=0 && y1>=0)
-	        std::sprintf(message + std::strlen(message)," - Range ( %u:%g, %g ) - ( %u:%g, %g )",
-                             x0,cx0,cy0,x1+one,cx1,cy1);
-	      else
-	        std::sprintf(message + std::strlen(message)," - Range [ %u:%g - %u:%g ]",
-                             x0,cx0,x1+one,cx1);
-	    }
-            text.assign().draw_text(0,0,message,white,ngray,1,13).resize(-100,-100,1,3);
-            visu.draw_image((visu.width()-text.width())/2,1,~text);
-          }
-          visu.display(disp);
-        }
-
-        // Test keys.
-        switch (okey = key) {
-#if cimg_OS!=2
-        case cimg::keyCTRLRIGHT : case cimg::keySHIFTRIGHT :
-#endif
-        case cimg::keyCTRLLEFT : case cimg::keySHIFTLEFT : okey = 0; break;
-        case cimg::keyD : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-          disp.set_fullscreen(false).
-            resize(CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(3*disp.width()/2,3*disp.height()/2,1,128,-100,false),
-                   CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(3*disp.width()/2,3*disp.height()/2,1,128,-100,true),false).
-            _is_resized = true;
-          disp.set_key(key,false); okey = 0;
-        } break;
-        case cimg::keyC : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-          disp.set_fullscreen(false).
-            resize(cimg_fitscreen(2*disp.width()/3,2*disp.height()/3,1),false)._is_resized = true;
-          disp.set_key(key,false); okey = 0;
-        } break;
-        case cimg::keyR : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            disp.set_fullscreen(false).
-              resize(cimg_fitscreen(CImgDisplay::screen_width()/2,
-                                    CImgDisplay::screen_height()/2,1),false)._is_resized = true;
-            disp.set_key(key,false); okey = 0;
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyF : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            disp.resize(disp.screen_width(),disp.screen_height(),false).toggle_fullscreen()._is_resized = true;
-            disp.set_key(key,false); okey = 0;
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyS : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            static unsigned int snap_number = 0;
-            if (visu || visu0) {
-              CImg<ucharT> &screen = visu?visu:visu0;
-              char filename[32] = { 0 };
-              std::FILE *file;
-              do {
-                cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.bmp",snap_number++);
-                if ((file=std::fopen(filename,"r"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-              } while (file);
-              (+screen).draw_text(0,0," Saving snapshot... ",black,gray,1,13).display(disp);
-              screen.save(filename);
-              (+screen).draw_text(0,0," Snapshot '%s' saved. ",black,gray,1,13,filename).display(disp);
-            }
-            disp.set_key(key,false); okey = 0;
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyO : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            static unsigned int snap_number = 0;
-            if (visu || visu0) {
-              CImg<ucharT> &screen = visu?visu:visu0;
-              char filename[32] = { 0 };
-              std::FILE *file;
-              do {
-#ifdef cimg_use_zlib
-                cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.cimgz",snap_number++);
-#else
-                cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.cimg",snap_number++);
-#endif
-                if ((file=std::fopen(filename,"r"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-              } while (file);
-              (+screen).draw_text(0,0," Saving instance... ",black,gray,1,13).display(disp);
-              save(filename);
-              (+screen).draw_text(0,0," Instance '%s' saved. ",black,gray,1,13,filename).display(disp);
-            }
-            disp.set_key(key,false); okey = 0;
-          } break;
-        }
-
-        // Handle mouse motion and mouse buttons
-        if (obutton!=button || omouse_x!=mouse_x || omouse_y!=mouse_y) {
-          visu.assign();
-          if (disp.mouse_x()>=0 && disp.mouse_y()>=0) {
-            const int
-              mx = (mouse_x -16)*(int)(siz-one)/(disp.width()-32),
-              cx = mx<0?0:(mx>=(int)(siz-one)?(int)(siz-1-one):mx),
-              my = mouse_y - 16,
-              cy = my<=0?0:(my>=(disp.height()-32)?(disp.height()-32):my);
-	    if (button&1) {
-              if (!obutton) { x0 = cx; y0 = -1; } else { x1 = cx; y1 = -1; }
-            }
-	    else if (button&2) {
-              if (!obutton) { x0 = cx; y0 = cy; } else { x1 = cx; y1 = cy; }
-            }
-            else if (obutton) { x1 = x1>=0?cx:-1; y1 = y1>=0?cy:-1; selected = true; }
-          } else if (!button && obutton) selected = true;
-          obutton = button; omouse_x = mouse_x; omouse_y = mouse_y;
-        }
-        if (disp.is_resized()) { disp.resize(false); visu0.assign(); }
-        if (visu && visu0) disp.wait();
-      }
-
-      disp._normalization = old_normalization;
-      if (x1>=0 && x1<x0) cimg::swap(x0,x1);
-      if (y1<y0) cimg::swap(y0,y1);
-      disp.set_key(okey);
-      return CImg<intT>(4,1,1,1,x0,y0,x1>=0?x1+(int)one:-1,y1);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \note The extension of \c filename defines the file format. If no filename
-       extension is provided, CImg<T>::get_load() will try to load the file as a .cimg or .cimgz file.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load(const char *const filename) {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(filename,"http://",7) || !cimg::strncasecmp(filename,"https://",8)) {
-        char filename_local[1024] = { 0 };
-        load(cimg::load_network_external(filename,filename_local));
-        std::remove(filename_local);
-        return *this;
-      }
-
-      const char *const ext = cimg::split_filename(filename);
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      try {
-#ifdef cimg_load_plugin
-        cimg_load_plugin(filename);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_load_plugin1
-        cimg_load_plugin1(filename);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_load_plugin2
-        cimg_load_plugin2(filename);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_load_plugin3
-        cimg_load_plugin3(filename);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_load_plugin4
-        cimg_load_plugin4(filename);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_load_plugin5
-        cimg_load_plugin5(filename);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_load_plugin6
-        cimg_load_plugin6(filename);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_load_plugin7
-        cimg_load_plugin7(filename);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_load_plugin8
-        cimg_load_plugin8(filename);
-#endif
-        // Ascii formats
-        if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"asc")) load_ascii(filename);
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"dlm") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"txt")) load_dlm(filename);
-
-        // 2d binary formats
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"bmp")) load_bmp(filename);
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"jpg") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"jpeg") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"jpe") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"jfif") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"jif")) load_jpeg(filename);
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"png")) load_png(filename);
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ppm") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pgm") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pnm") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pbm") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pnk")) load_pnm(filename);
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pfm")) load_pfm(filename);
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"tif") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"tiff")) load_tiff(filename);
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"exr")) load_exr(filename);
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"cr2") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"crw") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"dcr") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mrw") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"nef") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"orf") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pix") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ptx") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"raf") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"srf")) load_dcraw_external(filename);
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"gif")) load_gif_external(filename);
-
-        // 3d binary formats
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"dcm") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"dicom")) load_medcon_external(filename);
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"hdr") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"nii")) load_analyze(filename);
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"par") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"rec")) load_parrec(filename);
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mnc")) load_minc2(filename);
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"inr")) load_inr(filename);
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pan")) load_pandore(filename);
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"cimg") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"cimgz") ||
-                 !*ext)  return load_cimg(filename);
-
-        // Archive files
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"gz")) load_gzip_external(filename);
-
-        // Image sequences
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"avi") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mov") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"asf") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"divx") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"flv") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpg") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m1v") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m2v") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m4v") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mjp") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mp4") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mkv") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpe") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"movie") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogm") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogg") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogv") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"qt") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"rm") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"vob") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"wmv") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"xvid") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpeg")) load_ffmpeg(filename);
-        else throw CImgIOException("CImg<%s>::load()",
-                                   pixel_type());
-      } catch (CImgIOException&) {
-        std::FILE *file = 0;
-        try {
-          file = cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
-        } catch (CImgIOException&) {
-          cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-          throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                                "load(): Failed to open file '%s'.",
-                                cimg_instance,
-                                filename);
-        }
-
-        try {
-          const char *const f_type = cimg::file_type(file,filename);
-          std::fclose(file);
-          if (!cimg::strcasecmp(f_type,"pnm")) load_pnm(filename);
-          else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(f_type,"pfm")) load_pfm(filename);
-          else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(f_type,"bmp")) load_bmp(filename);
-          else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(f_type,"jpg")) load_jpeg(filename);
-          else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(f_type,"pan")) load_pandore(filename);
-          else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(f_type,"png")) load_png(filename);
-          else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(f_type,"tif")) load_tiff(filename);
-          else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(f_type,"inr")) load_inr(filename);
-          else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(f_type,"dcm")) load_medcon_external(filename);
-          else throw CImgIOException("CImg<%s>::load()",
-                                     pixel_type());
-        } catch (CImgIOException&) {
-          try {
-            load_other(filename);
-          } catch (CImgIOException&) {
-            cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-            throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                                  "load(): Failed to recognize format of file '%s'.",
-                                  cimg_instance,
-                                  filename);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImg<T>().load(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from an ascii file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C -string.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_ascii(const char *const filename) {
-      return _load_ascii(0,filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from an ascii file \inplace.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_ascii(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_ascii(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from an ascii file \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& load_ascii(std::FILE *const file) {
-      return _load_ascii(file,0);
-    }
-
-    //! Loadimage from an ascii file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_ascii(std::FILE *const file) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_ascii(file);
-    }
-
-    CImg<T>& _load_ascii(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_ascii(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
-      char line[256] = { 0 };
-      int err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%255[^\n]",line);
-      unsigned int dx = 0, dy = 1, dz = 1, dc = 1;
-      std::sscanf(line,"%u%*c%u%*c%u%*c%u",&dx,&dy,&dz,&dc);
-      err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%*[^0-9.eE+-]");
-      if (!dx || !dy || !dz || !dc) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_ascii(): Invalid ascii header in file '%s', image dimensions are set "
-                              "to (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)",dx,dy,dz,dc);
-      }
-      assign(dx,dy,dz,dc);
-      const unsigned long siz = size();
-      unsigned long off = 0;
-      double val;
-      T *ptr = _data;
-      for (err = 1, off = 0; off<siz && err==1; ++off) {
-        err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%lf%*[^0-9.eE+-]",&val);
-        *(ptr++) = (T)val;
-      }
-      if (err!=1)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "load_ascii(): Only %lu/%lu values read from file '%s'.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   off-1,siz,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a DLM file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_dlm(const char *const filename) {
-      return _load_dlm(0,filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a DLM file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_dlm(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_dlm(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a DLM file \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& load_dlm(std::FILE *const file) {
-      return _load_dlm(file,0);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a DLM file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_dlm(std::FILE *const file) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_dlm(file);
-    }
-
-    CImg<T>& _load_dlm(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_dlm(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"r");
-      char delimiter[256] = { 0 }, tmp[256] = { 0 };
-      unsigned int cdx = 0, dx = 0, dy = 0;
-      int err = 0;
-      double val;
-      assign(256,256);
-      while ((err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%lf%255[^0-9.+-]",&val,delimiter))>0) {
-        if (err>0) (*this)(cdx++,dy) = (T)val;
-        if (cdx>=_width) resize(3*_width/2,_height,1,1,0);
-        char c = 0;
-        if (!std::sscanf(delimiter,"%255[^\n]%c",tmp,&c) || c=='\n') {
-          dx = cimg::max(cdx,dx);
-          if (++dy>=_height) resize(_width,3*_height/2,1,1,0);
-          cdx = 0;
-        }
-      }
-      if (cdx && err==1) { dx = cdx; ++dy; }
-      if (!dx || !dy) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_dlm(): Invalid DLM file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      resize(dx,dy,1,1,0);
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a BMP file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_bmp(const char *const filename) {
-      return _load_bmp(0,filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a BMP file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_bmp(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_bmp(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a BMP file \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& load_bmp(std::FILE *const file) {
-      return _load_bmp(file,0);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a BMP file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_bmp(std::FILE *const file) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_bmp(file);
-    }
-
-    CImg<T>& _load_bmp(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_bmp(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
-      unsigned char header[64] = { 0 };
-      cimg::fread(header,54,nfile);
-      if (*header!='B' || header[1]!='M') {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_bmp(): Invalid BMP file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-
-      // Read header and pixel buffer
-      int
-        file_size = header[0x02] + (header[0x03]<<8) + (header[0x04]<<16) + (header[0x05]<<24),
-        offset = header[0x0A] + (header[0x0B]<<8) + (header[0x0C]<<16) + (header[0x0D]<<24),
-        header_size = header[0x0E] + (header[0x0F]<<8) + (header[0x10]<<16) + (header[0x11]<<24),
-        dx = header[0x12] + (header[0x13]<<8) + (header[0x14]<<16) + (header[0x15]<<24),
-        dy = header[0x16] + (header[0x17]<<8) + (header[0x18]<<16) + (header[0x19]<<24),
-        compression = header[0x1E] + (header[0x1F]<<8) + (header[0x20]<<16) + (header[0x21]<<24),
-        nb_colors = header[0x2E] + (header[0x2F]<<8) + (header[0x30]<<16) + (header[0x31]<<24),
-        bpp = header[0x1C] + (header[0x1D]<<8);
-
-      if (!file_size || file_size==offset) {
-        std::fseek(nfile,0,SEEK_END);
-        file_size = (int)std::ftell(nfile);
-        std::fseek(nfile,54,SEEK_SET);
-      }
-      if (header_size>40) std::fseek(nfile, header_size - 40, SEEK_CUR);
-
-      const int
-        cimg_iobuffer = 12*1024*1024,
-        dx_bytes = (bpp==1)?(dx/8+(dx%8?1:0)):((bpp==4)?(dx/2+(dx%2?1:0)):(dx*bpp/8)),
-        align_bytes = (4-dx_bytes%4)%4,
-        buf_size = cimg::min(cimg::abs(dy)*(dx_bytes + align_bytes),file_size - offset);
-
-      CImg<intT> colormap;
-      if (bpp<16) { if (!nb_colors) nb_colors = 1<<bpp; } else nb_colors = 0;
-      if (nb_colors) { colormap.assign(nb_colors); cimg::fread(colormap._data,nb_colors,nfile); }
-      const int xoffset = offset - 14 - header_size - 4*nb_colors;
-      if (xoffset>0) std::fseek(nfile,xoffset,SEEK_CUR);
-
-      CImg<ucharT> buffer;
-      if (buf_size<cimg_iobuffer) { buffer.assign(buf_size); cimg::fread(buffer._data,buf_size,nfile); }
-      else buffer.assign(dx_bytes + align_bytes);
-      unsigned char *ptrs = buffer;
-
-      // Decompress buffer (if necessary)
-      if (compression) {
-        if (file)
-          throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                                "load_bmp(): Unable to load compressed data from '(*FILE)' inputs.",
-                                cimg_instance);
-        else {
-          if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-          return load_other(filename);
-        }
-      }
-
-      // Read pixel data
-      assign(dx,cimg::abs(dy),1,3);
-      switch (bpp) {
-      case 1 : { // Monochrome
-        for (int y = height()-1; y>=0; --y) {
-          if (buf_size>=cimg_iobuffer) {
-            cimg::fread(ptrs=buffer._data,dx_bytes,nfile);
-            std::fseek(nfile,align_bytes,SEEK_CUR);
-          }
-          unsigned char mask = 0x80, val = 0;
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            if (mask==0x80) val = *(ptrs++);
-            const unsigned char *col = (unsigned char*)(colormap._data + (val&mask?1:0));
-            (*this)(x,y,2) = (T)*(col++);
-            (*this)(x,y,1) = (T)*(col++);
-            (*this)(x,y,0) = (T)*(col++);
-            mask = cimg::ror(mask);
-          }
-          ptrs+=align_bytes;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 4 : { // 16 colors
-        for (int y = height()-1; y>=0; --y) {
-          if (buf_size>=cimg_iobuffer) {
-            cimg::fread(ptrs=buffer._data,dx_bytes,nfile);
-            std::fseek(nfile,align_bytes,SEEK_CUR);
-          }
-          unsigned char mask = 0xF0, val = 0;
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            if (mask==0xF0) val = *(ptrs++);
-            const unsigned char color = (unsigned char)((mask<16)?(val&mask):((val&mask)>>4));
-            const unsigned char *col = (unsigned char*)(colormap._data + color);
-            (*this)(x,y,2) = (T)*(col++);
-            (*this)(x,y,1) = (T)*(col++);
-            (*this)(x,y,0) = (T)*(col++);
-            mask = cimg::ror(mask,4);
-          }
-          ptrs+=align_bytes;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 8 : { //  256 colors
-        for (int y = height()-1; y>=0; --y) {
-          if (buf_size>=cimg_iobuffer) {
-            cimg::fread(ptrs=buffer._data,dx_bytes,nfile);
-            std::fseek(nfile,align_bytes,SEEK_CUR);
-          }
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            const unsigned char *col = (unsigned char*)(colormap._data + *(ptrs++));
-            (*this)(x,y,2) = (T)*(col++);
-            (*this)(x,y,1) = (T)*(col++);
-            (*this)(x,y,0) = (T)*(col++);
-          }
-          ptrs+=align_bytes;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 16 : { // 16 bits colors
-        for (int y = height()-1; y>=0; --y) {
-          if (buf_size>=cimg_iobuffer) {
-            cimg::fread(ptrs=buffer._data,dx_bytes,nfile);
-            std::fseek(nfile,align_bytes,SEEK_CUR);
-          }
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            const unsigned char c1 = *(ptrs++), c2 = *(ptrs++);
-            const unsigned short col = (unsigned short)(c1|(c2<<8));
-            (*this)(x,y,2) = (T)(col&0x1F);
-            (*this)(x,y,1) = (T)((col>>5)&0x1F);
-            (*this)(x,y,0) = (T)((col>>10)&0x1F);
-          }
-          ptrs+=align_bytes;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 24 : { // 24 bits colors
-        for (int y = height()-1; y>=0; --y) {
-          if (buf_size>=cimg_iobuffer) {
-            cimg::fread(ptrs=buffer._data,dx_bytes,nfile);
-            std::fseek(nfile,align_bytes,SEEK_CUR);
-          }
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            (*this)(x,y,2) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-            (*this)(x,y,1) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-            (*this)(x,y,0) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-          }
-          ptrs+=align_bytes;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 32 : { // 32 bits colors
-        for (int y = height()-1; y>=0; --y) {
-          if (buf_size>=cimg_iobuffer) {
-            cimg::fread(ptrs=buffer._data,dx_bytes,nfile);
-            std::fseek(nfile,align_bytes,SEEK_CUR);
-          }
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            (*this)(x,y,2) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-            (*this)(x,y,1) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-            (*this)(x,y,0) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-            ++ptrs;
-          }
-          ptrs+=align_bytes;
-        }
-      } break;
-      }
-      if (dy<0) mirror('y');
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a JPEG file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_jpeg(const char *const filename) {
-      return _load_jpeg(0,filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a JPEG file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_jpeg(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_jpeg(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a JPEG file \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& load_jpeg(std::FILE *const file) {
-      return _load_jpeg(file,0);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a JPEG file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_jpeg(std::FILE *const file) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_jpeg(file);
-    }
-
-    // Custom error handler for libjpeg.
-#ifdef cimg_use_jpeg
-    struct _cimg_error_mgr {
-      struct jpeg_error_mgr original;
-      jmp_buf setjmp_buffer;
-      char message[JMSG_LENGTH_MAX];
-    };
-
-    typedef struct _cimg_error_mgr *_cimg_error_ptr;
-
-    METHODDEF(void) _cimg_jpeg_error_exit(j_common_ptr cinfo) {
-      _cimg_error_ptr c_err = (_cimg_error_ptr) cinfo->err;  // Return control to the setjmp point
-      (*cinfo->err->format_message)(cinfo,c_err->message);
-      jpeg_destroy(cinfo);  // Clean memory and temp files.
-      longjmp(c_err->setjmp_buffer,1);
-    }
-#endif
-
-    CImg<T>& _load_jpeg(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_jpeg(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-#ifndef cimg_use_jpeg
-      if (file)
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_jpeg(): Unable to load data from '(FILE*)' unless libjpeg is enabled.",
-                              cimg_instance);
-      else return load_other(filename);
-#else
-
-      struct jpeg_decompress_struct cinfo;
-      struct _cimg_error_mgr jerr;
-      cinfo.err = jpeg_std_error(&jerr.original);
-      jerr.original.error_exit = _cimg_jpeg_error_exit;
-
-      if (setjmp(jerr.setjmp_buffer)) { // JPEG error
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                             "load_jpeg(): Error message returned by libjpeg: %s.",
-                             cimg_instance,jerr.message);
-      }
-
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
-      jpeg_create_decompress(&cinfo);
-      jpeg_stdio_src(&cinfo,nfile);
-      jpeg_read_header(&cinfo,TRUE);
-      jpeg_start_decompress(&cinfo);
-
-      if (cinfo.output_components!=1 && cinfo.output_components!=3 && cinfo.output_components!=4) {
-        if (!file) {
-          cimg::fclose(nfile);
-          return load_other(filename);
-        } else
-          throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                                "load_jpeg(): Failed to load JPEG data from file '%s'.",
-                                cimg_instance,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      CImg<ucharT> buffer(cinfo.output_width*cinfo.output_components);
-      JSAMPROW row_pointer[1];
-      assign(cinfo.output_width,cinfo.output_height,1,cinfo.output_components);
-      T *ptr_r = _data, *ptr_g = _data + 1UL*_width*_height, *ptr_b = _data + 2UL*_width*_height,
-        *ptr_a = _data + 3UL*_width*_height;
-      while (cinfo.output_scanline<cinfo.output_height) {
-        *row_pointer = buffer._data;
-        if (jpeg_read_scanlines(&cinfo,row_pointer,1)!=1) {
-          cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                     "load_jpeg(): Incomplete data in file '%s'.",
-                     cimg_instance,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-          break;
-        }
-        const unsigned char *ptrs = buffer._data;
-        switch (_spectrum) {
-        case 1 : {
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-        } break;
-        case 3 : {
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-            *(ptr_g++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-            *(ptr_b++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 4 : {
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-            *(ptr_g++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-            *(ptr_b++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-            *(ptr_a++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-          }
-        } break;
-        }
-      }
-      jpeg_finish_decompress(&cinfo);
-      jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a file, using Magick++ library.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    // Added April/may 2006 by Christoph Hormann <chris_hormann@gmx.de>
-    //   This is experimental code, not much tested, use with care.
-    CImg<T>& load_magick(const char *const filename) {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_magick(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-#ifdef cimg_use_magick
-      Magick::Image image(filename);
-      const unsigned int W = image.size().width(), H = image.size().height();
-      switch (image.type()) {
-      case Magick::PaletteMatteType :
-      case Magick::TrueColorMatteType :
-      case Magick::ColorSeparationType : {
-        assign(W,H,1,4);
-        T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2), *ptr_a = data(0,0,0,3);
-        Magick::PixelPacket *pixels = image.getPixels(0,0,W,H);
-        for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)W*H; off; --off) {
-          *(ptr_r++) = (T)(pixels->red);
-          *(ptr_g++) = (T)(pixels->green);
-          *(ptr_b++) = (T)(pixels->blue);
-          *(ptr_a++) = (T)(pixels->opacity);
-          ++pixels;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case Magick::PaletteType :
-      case Magick::TrueColorType : {
-        assign(W,H,1,3);
-        T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2);
-        Magick::PixelPacket *pixels = image.getPixels(0,0,W,H);
-        for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)W*H; off; --off) {
-          *(ptr_r++) = (T)(pixels->red);
-          *(ptr_g++) = (T)(pixels->green);
-          *(ptr_b++) = (T)(pixels->blue);
-          ++pixels;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case Magick::GrayscaleMatteType : {
-        assign(W,H,1,2);
-        T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_a = data(0,0,0,1);
-        Magick::PixelPacket *pixels = image.getPixels(0,0,W,H);
-        for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)W*H; off; --off) {
-          *(ptr_r++) = (T)(pixels->red);
-          *(ptr_a++) = (T)(pixels->opacity);
-          ++pixels;
-        }
-      } break;
-      default : {
-        assign(W,H,1,1);
-        T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0);
-        Magick::PixelPacket *pixels = image.getPixels(0,0,W,H);
-        for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)W*H; off; --off) {
-          *(ptr_r++) = (T)(pixels->red);
-          ++pixels;
-        }
-      }
-      }
-      return *this;
-#else
-      throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                            "load_magick(): Unable to load file '%s' unless libMagick++ is enabled.",
-                            cimg_instance,
-                            filename);
-#endif
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a file, using Magick++ library \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_magick(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_magick(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a PNG file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_png(const char *const filename) {
-      return _load_png(0,filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a PNG file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_png(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_png(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a PNG file \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& load_png(std::FILE *const file) {
-      return _load_png(file,0);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a PNG file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_png(std::FILE *const file) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_png(file);
-    }
-
-    // (Note: Most of this function has been written by Eric Fausett)
-    CImg<T>& _load_png(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_png(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-#ifndef cimg_use_png
-      if (file)
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_png(): Unable to load data from '(FILE*)' unless libpng is enabled.",
-                              cimg_instance);
-
-      else return load_other(filename);
-#else
-      // Open file and check for PNG validity
-      const char *volatile nfilename = filename; // two 'volatile' here to remove a g++ warning due to 'setjmp'.
-      std::FILE *volatile nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(nfilename,"rb");
-
-      unsigned char pngCheck[8] = { 0 };
-      cimg::fread(pngCheck,8,(std::FILE*)nfile);
-      if (png_sig_cmp(pngCheck,0,8)) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_png(): Invalid PNG file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              nfilename?nfilename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-
-      // Setup PNG structures for read
-      png_voidp user_error_ptr = 0;
-      png_error_ptr user_error_fn = 0, user_warning_fn = 0;
-      png_structp png_ptr = png_create_read_struct(PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING,user_error_ptr,user_error_fn,user_warning_fn);
-      if (!png_ptr) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_png(): Failed to initialize 'png_ptr' structure for file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              nfilename?nfilename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      png_infop info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
-      if (!info_ptr) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr,(png_infopp)0,(png_infopp)0);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_png(): Failed to initialize 'info_ptr' structure for file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              nfilename?nfilename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      png_infop end_info = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
-      if (!end_info) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr,&info_ptr,(png_infopp)0);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_png(): Failed to initialize 'end_info' structure for file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              nfilename?nfilename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-
-      // Error handling callback for png file reading
-      if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr))) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose((std::FILE*)nfile);
-        png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &end_info, (png_infopp)0);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_png(): Encountered unknown fatal error in libpng for file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              nfilename?nfilename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      png_init_io(png_ptr, nfile);
-      png_set_sig_bytes(png_ptr, 8);
-
-      // Get PNG Header Info up to data block
-      png_read_info(png_ptr,info_ptr);
-      png_uint_32 W, H;
-      int bit_depth, color_type, interlace_type;
-      bool is_gray = false;
-      png_get_IHDR(png_ptr,info_ptr,&W,&H,&bit_depth,&color_type,&interlace_type,(int*)0,(int*)0);
-
-      // Transforms to unify image data
-      if (color_type==PNG_COLOR_TYPE_PALETTE) {
-        png_set_palette_to_rgb(png_ptr);
-        color_type = PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB;
-        bit_depth = 8;
-      }
-      if (color_type==PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY && bit_depth<8) {
-        png_set_expand_gray_1_2_4_to_8(png_ptr);
-        is_gray = true;
-        bit_depth = 8;
-      }
-      if (png_get_valid(png_ptr,info_ptr,PNG_INFO_tRNS)) {
-        png_set_tRNS_to_alpha(png_ptr);
-        color_type |= PNG_COLOR_MASK_ALPHA;
-      }
-      if (color_type==PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY || color_type==PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY_ALPHA) {
-        png_set_gray_to_rgb(png_ptr);
-        color_type |= PNG_COLOR_MASK_COLOR;
-        is_gray = true;
-      }
-      if (color_type==PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB)
-        png_set_filler(png_ptr,0xffffU,PNG_FILLER_AFTER);
-
-      png_read_update_info(png_ptr,info_ptr);
-      if (bit_depth!=8 && bit_depth!=16) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr,&end_info,(png_infopp)0);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_png(): Invalid bit depth %u in file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              bit_depth,nfilename?nfilename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      const int byte_depth = bit_depth>>3;
-
-      // Allocate Memory for Image Read
-      png_bytep *const imgData = new png_bytep[H];
-      for (unsigned int row = 0; row<H; ++row) imgData[row] = new png_byte[byte_depth*4*W];
-      png_read_image(png_ptr,imgData);
-      png_read_end(png_ptr,end_info);
-
-      // Read pixel data
-      if (color_type!=PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB && color_type!=PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB_ALPHA) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr,&end_info,(png_infopp)0);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_png(): Invalid color coding type %u in file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              color_type,nfilename?nfilename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      const bool is_alpha = (color_type==PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGBA);
-      assign(W,H,1,(is_gray?1:3) + (is_alpha?1:0));
-      T
-        *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0),
-        *ptr_g = is_gray?0:data(0,0,0,1),
-        *ptr_b = is_gray?0:data(0,0,0,2),
-        *ptr_a = !is_alpha?0:data(0,0,0,is_gray?1:3);
-      switch (bit_depth) {
-      case 8 : {
-        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
-          const unsigned char *ptrs = (unsigned char*)imgData[y];
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-            if (ptr_g) *(ptr_g++) = (T)*(ptrs++); else ++ptrs;
-            if (ptr_b) *(ptr_b++) = (T)*(ptrs++); else ++ptrs;
-            if (ptr_a) *(ptr_a++) = (T)*(ptrs++); else ++ptrs;
-          }
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 16 : {
-        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
-          const unsigned short *ptrs = (unsigned short*)(imgData[y]);
-          if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(ptrs,4*_width);
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-            if (ptr_g) *(ptr_g++) = (T)*(ptrs++); else ++ptrs;
-            if (ptr_b) *(ptr_b++) = (T)*(ptrs++); else ++ptrs;
-            if (ptr_a) *(ptr_a++) = (T)*(ptrs++); else ++ptrs;
-          }
-        }
-      } break;
-      }
-      png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr, &end_info);
-
-      // Deallocate Image Read Memory
-      cimg_forY(*this,n) delete[] imgData[n];
-      delete[] imgData;
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a PNM file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_pnm(const char *const filename) {
-      return _load_pnm(0,filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a PNM file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_pnm(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_pnm(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a PNM file \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& load_pnm(std::FILE *const file) {
-      return _load_pnm(file,0);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a PNM file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_pnm(std::FILE *const file) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_pnm(file);
-    }
-
-    CImg<T>& _load_pnm(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_pnm(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
-      unsigned int ppm_type, W, H, D = 1, colormax = 255;
-      CImg<charT> item(16384,1,1,1,0);
-      int err, rval, gval, bval;
-      const long cimg_iobuffer = 12*1024*1024;
-      while ((err=std::fscanf(nfile,"%16383[^\n]",item.data()))!=EOF && (*item=='#' || !err)) std::fgetc(nfile);
-      if (std::sscanf(item," P%u",&ppm_type)!=1) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_pnm(): PNM header not found in file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      while ((err=std::fscanf(nfile," %16383[^\n]",item.data()))!=EOF && (*item=='#' || !err)) std::fgetc(nfile);
-      if ((err=std::sscanf(item," %u %u %u %u",&W,&H,&D,&colormax))<2) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_pnm(): WIDTH and HEIGHT fields undefined in file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      if (ppm_type!=1 && ppm_type!=4) {
-        if (err==2 || (err==3 && (ppm_type==5 || ppm_type==7 || ppm_type==8 || ppm_type==9))) {
-          while ((err=std::fscanf(nfile," %16383[^\n]",item.data()))!=EOF && (*item=='#' || !err)) std::fgetc(nfile);
-          if (std::sscanf(item,"%u",&colormax)!=1)
-            cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                       "load_pnm(): COLORMAX field is undefined in file '%s'.",
-                       cimg_instance,
-                       filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-        } else { colormax = D; D = 1; }
-      }
-      std::fgetc(nfile);
-
-      switch (ppm_type) {
-      case 1 : { // 2d b&w ascii.
-        assign(W,H,1,1);
-        T* ptrd = _data;
-        cimg_foroff(*this,off) { if (std::fscanf(nfile,"%d",&rval)>0) *(ptrd++) = (T)(rval?0:255); else break; }
-      } break;
-      case 2 : { // 2d grey ascii.
-        assign(W,H,1,1);
-        T* ptrd = _data;
-        cimg_foroff(*this,off) { if (std::fscanf(nfile,"%d",&rval)>0) *(ptrd++) = (T)rval; else break; }
-      } break;
-      case 3 : { // 2d color ascii.
-        assign(W,H,1,3);
-        T *ptrd = data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2);
-        cimg_forXY(*this,x,y) {
-          if (std::fscanf(nfile,"%d %d %d",&rval,&gval,&bval)==3) {
-            *(ptrd++) = (T)rval; *(ptr_g++) = (T)gval; *(ptr_b++) = (T)bval;
-          } else break;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 4 : { // 2d b&w binary (support 3D PINK extension).
-        CImg<ucharT> raw;
-        assign(W,H,D,1);
-        T *ptrd = data(0,0,0,0);
-        unsigned int w = 0, h = 0, d = 0;
-        for (long to_read = (long)((W/8 + (W%8?1:0))*H*D); to_read>0; ) {
-          raw.assign(cimg::min(to_read,cimg_iobuffer));
-          cimg::fread(raw._data,raw._width,nfile);
-          to_read-=raw._width;
-          const unsigned char *ptrs = raw._data;
-          unsigned char mask = 0, val = 0;
-          for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)raw._width; off || mask; mask>>=1) {
-            if (!mask) { if (off--) val = *(ptrs++); mask = 128; }
-            *(ptrd++) = (T)((val&mask)?0:255);
-            if (++w==W) { w = 0; mask = 0; if (++h==H) { h = 0; if (++d==D) break; }}
-          }
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 5 : case 7 : { // 2d/3d grey binary (support 3D PINK extension).
-        if (colormax<256) { // 8 bits.
-          CImg<ucharT> raw;
-          assign(W,H,D,1);
-          T *ptrd = data(0,0,0,0);
-          for (long to_read = (long)size(); to_read>0; ) {
-            raw.assign(cimg::min(to_read,cimg_iobuffer));
-            cimg::fread(raw._data,raw._width,nfile);
-            to_read-=raw._width;
-            const unsigned char *ptrs = raw._data;
-            for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)raw._width; off; --off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-          }
-        } else { // 16 bits.
-          CImg<ushortT> raw;
-          assign(W,H,D,1);
-          T *ptrd = data(0,0,0,0);
-          for (long to_read = (long)size(); to_read>0; ) {
-            raw.assign(cimg::min(to_read,cimg_iobuffer/2));
-            cimg::fread(raw._data,raw._width,nfile);
-	    if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(raw._data,raw._width);
-            to_read-=raw._width;
-            const unsigned short *ptrs = raw._data;
-            for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)raw._width; off; --off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-          }
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 6 : { // 2d color binary.
-        if (colormax<256) { // 8 bits.
-          CImg<ucharT> raw;
-          assign(W,H,1,3);
-          T
-            *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0),
-            *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1),
-            *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2);
-          for (long to_read = (long)size(); to_read>0; ) {
-            raw.assign(cimg::min(to_read,cimg_iobuffer));
-            cimg::fread(raw._data,raw._width,nfile);
-            to_read-=raw._width;
-            const unsigned char *ptrs = raw._data;
-            for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)raw._width/3; off; --off) {
-              *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-              *(ptr_g++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-              *(ptr_b++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-            }
-          }
-        } else { // 16 bits.
-          CImg<ushortT> raw;
-          assign(W,H,1,3);
-          T
-            *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0),
-            *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1),
-            *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2);
-          for (long to_read = (int)size(); to_read>0; ) {
-            raw.assign(cimg::min(to_read,cimg_iobuffer/2));
-            cimg::fread(raw._data,raw._width,nfile);
-            if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(raw._data,raw._width);
-            to_read-=raw._width;
-            const unsigned short *ptrs = raw._data;
-            for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)raw._width/3; off; --off) {
-              *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-              *(ptr_g++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-              *(ptr_b++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 8 : { // 2d/3d grey binary with int32 integers (PINK extension).
-        CImg<intT> raw;
-        assign(W,H,D,1);
-        T *ptrd = data(0,0,0,0);
-        for (long to_read = (long)size(); to_read>0; ) {
-          raw.assign(cimg::min(to_read,cimg_iobuffer));
-          cimg::fread(raw._data,raw._width,nfile);
-          to_read-=raw._width;
-          const int *ptrs = raw._data;
-          for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)raw._width; off; --off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 9 : { // 2d/3d grey binary with float values (PINK extension).
-        CImg<floatT> raw;
-        assign(W,H,D,1);
-        T *ptrd = data(0,0,0,0);
-        for (long to_read = (long)size(); to_read>0; ) {
-          raw.assign(cimg::min(to_read,cimg_iobuffer));
-          cimg::fread(raw._data,raw._width,nfile);
-          to_read-=raw._width;
-          const float *ptrs = raw._data;
-          for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)raw._width; off; --off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-        }
-      } break;
-      default :
-        assign();
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_pnm(): PNM type 'P%d' found, but type is not supported.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)",ppm_type);
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a PFM file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_pfm(const char *const filename) {
-      return _load_pfm(0,filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a PFM file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_pfm(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_pfm(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a PFM file \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& load_pfm(std::FILE *const file) {
-      return _load_pfm(file,0);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a PFM file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_pfm(std::FILE *const file) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_pfm(file);
-    }
-
-    CImg<T>& _load_pfm(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_pfm(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
-      char pfm_type;
-      CImg<charT> item(16384,1,1,1,0);
-      int W = 0, H = 0, err = 0;
-      double scale = 0;
-      while ((err=std::fscanf(nfile,"%16383[^\n]",item.data()))!=EOF && (*item=='#' || !err)) std::fgetc(nfile);
-      if (std::sscanf(item," P%c",&pfm_type)!=1) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_pfm(): PFM header not found in file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      while ((err=std::fscanf(nfile," %16383[^\n]",item.data()))!=EOF && (*item=='#' || !err)) std::fgetc(nfile);
-      if ((err=std::sscanf(item," %d %d",&W,&H))<2) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_pfm(): WIDTH and HEIGHT fields are undefined in file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      if (err==2) {
-        while ((err=std::fscanf(nfile," %16383[^\n]",item.data()))!=EOF && (*item=='#' || !err)) std::fgetc(nfile);
-        if (std::sscanf(item,"%lf",&scale)!=1)
-          cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                     "load_pfm(): SCALE field is undefined in file '%s'.",
-                     cimg_instance,
-                     filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      std::fgetc(nfile);
-      const bool is_color = (pfm_type=='F'), is_inverted = (scale>0)!=cimg::endianness();
-      if (is_color) {
-        assign(W,H,1,3,0);
-        CImg<floatT> buf(3*W);
-        T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2);
-        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
-          cimg::fread(buf._data,3*W,nfile);
-          if (is_inverted) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,3*W);
-          const float *ptrs = buf._data;
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-            *(ptr_g++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-            *(ptr_b++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-          }
-        }
-      } else {
-        assign(W,H,1,1,0);
-        CImg<floatT> buf(W);
-        T *ptrd = data(0,0,0,0);
-        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
-          cimg::fread(buf._data,W,nfile);
-          if (is_inverted) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,W);
-          const float *ptrs = buf._data;
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-        }
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return mirror('y');  // Most of the .pfm files are flipped along the y-axis.
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a RGB file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-      \param dimw Width of the image buffer.
-      \param dimh Height of the image buffer.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_rgb(const char *const filename, const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh=1) {
-      return _load_rgb(0,filename,dimw,dimh);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a RGB file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_rgb(const char *const filename, const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh=1) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_rgb(filename,dimw,dimh);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a RGB file \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& load_rgb(std::FILE *const file, const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh=1) {
-      return _load_rgb(file,0,dimw,dimh);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a RGB file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_rgb(std::FILE *const file, const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh=1) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_rgb(file,dimw,dimh);
-    }
-
-    CImg<T>& _load_rgb(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename,
-                       const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh) {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_rgb(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      if (!dimw || !dimh) return assign();
-      const long cimg_iobuffer = 12*1024*1024;
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
-      CImg<ucharT> raw;
-      assign(dimw,dimh,1,3);
-      T
-        *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0),
-        *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1),
-        *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2);
-      for (long to_read = (long)size(); to_read>0; ) {
-        raw.assign(cimg::min(to_read,cimg_iobuffer));
-        cimg::fread(raw._data,raw._width,nfile);
-        to_read-=raw._width;
-        const unsigned char *ptrs = raw._data;
-        for (unsigned long off = raw._width/3UL; off; --off) {
-          *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-          *(ptr_g++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-          *(ptr_b++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-        }
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a RGBA file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \param dimw Width of the image buffer.
-       \param dimh Height of the image buffer.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_rgba(const char *const filename, const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh=1) {
-      return _load_rgba(0,filename,dimw,dimh);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a RGBA file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_rgba(const char *const filename, const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh=1) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_rgba(filename,dimw,dimh);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a RGBA file \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& load_rgba(std::FILE *const file, const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh=1) {
-      return _load_rgba(file,0,dimw,dimh);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a RGBA file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_rgba(std::FILE *const file, const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh=1) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_rgba(file,dimw,dimh);
-    }
-
-    CImg<T>& _load_rgba(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename,
-                        const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh) {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_rgba(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      if (!dimw || !dimh) return assign();
-      const long cimg_iobuffer = 12*1024*1024;
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
-      CImg<ucharT> raw;
-      assign(dimw,dimh,1,4);
-      T
-        *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0),
-        *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1),
-        *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2),
-        *ptr_a = data(0,0,0,3);
-      for (long to_read = (long)size(); to_read>0; ) {
-        raw.assign(cimg::min(to_read,cimg_iobuffer));
-        cimg::fread(raw._data,raw._width,nfile);
-        to_read-=raw._width;
-        const unsigned char *ptrs = raw._data;
-        for (unsigned long off = raw._width/4UL; off; --off) {
-          *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-          *(ptr_g++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-          *(ptr_b++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-          *(ptr_a++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-        }
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a TIFF file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \param first_frame First frame to read (for multi-pages tiff).
-       \param last_frame Last frame to read (for multi-pages tiff).
-       \param step_frame Step value of frame reading.
-       \note
-       - libtiff support is enabled by defining the precompilation
-        directive \c cimg_use_tif.
-       - When libtiff is enabled, 2D and 3D (multipage) several
-        channel per pixel are supported for
-        <tt>char,uchar,short,ushort,float</tt> and \c double pixel types.
-       - If \c cimg_use_tif is not defined at compilation time the
-        function uses CImg<T>& load_other(const char*).
-     **/
-    CImg<T>& load_tiff(const char *const filename,
-		       const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
-		       const unsigned int step_frame=1,
-                       float *const voxel_size=0) {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_tiff(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      const unsigned int
-	nfirst_frame = first_frame<last_frame?first_frame:last_frame,
-	nstep_frame = step_frame?step_frame:1;
-      unsigned int nlast_frame = first_frame<last_frame?last_frame:first_frame;
-
-#ifndef cimg_use_tiff
-      cimg::unused(voxel_size);
-      if (nfirst_frame || nlast_frame!=~0U || nstep_frame>1)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_tiff(): Unable to read sub-images from file '%s' unless libtiff is enabled.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    filename);
-      return load_other(filename);
-#else
-      TIFF *tif = TIFFOpen(filename,"r");
-      if (tif) {
-        unsigned int nb_images = 0;
-        do ++nb_images; while (TIFFReadDirectory(tif));
-        if (nfirst_frame>=nb_images || (nlast_frame!=~0U && nlast_frame>=nb_images))
-          cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                     "load_tiff(): File '%s' contains %u image(s) while specified frame range is [%u,%u] (step %u).",
-                     cimg_instance,
-                     filename,nb_images,nfirst_frame,nlast_frame,nstep_frame);
-
-        if (nfirst_frame>=nb_images) return assign();
-        if (nlast_frame>=nb_images) nlast_frame = nb_images-1;
-        TIFFSetDirectory(tif,0);
-        CImg<T> frame;
-        for (unsigned int l = nfirst_frame; l<=nlast_frame; l+=nstep_frame) {
-          frame._load_tiff(tif,l,voxel_size);
-          if (l==nfirst_frame)
-            assign(frame._width,frame._height,1+(nlast_frame-nfirst_frame)/nstep_frame,frame._spectrum);
-          if (frame._width>_width || frame._height>_height || frame._spectrum>_spectrum)
-            resize(cimg::max(frame._width,_width),
-                   cimg::max(frame._height,_height),-100,
-                   cimg::max(frame._spectrum,_spectrum),0);
-          draw_image(0,0,(l-nfirst_frame)/nstep_frame,frame);
-        }
-        TIFFClose(tif);
-      } else throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                                   "load_tiff(): Failed to open file '%s'.",
-                                   cimg_instance,
-                                   filename);
-      return *this;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a TIFF file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_tiff(const char *const filename,
-				 const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
-				 const unsigned int step_frame=1,
-                                 float *const voxel_size=0) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_tiff(filename,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,voxel_size);
-    }
-
-    // (Original contribution by Jerome Boulanger).
-#ifdef cimg_use_tiff
-    template<typename t>
-    void _load_tiff_tiled_contig(TIFF *const tif, const uint16 samplesperpixel,
-                                 const uint32 nx, const uint32 ny, const uint32 tw, const uint32 th) {
-      t *const buf = (t*)_TIFFmalloc(TIFFTileSize(tif));
-      if (buf) {
-        for (unsigned int row = 0; row<ny; row+=th)
-          for (unsigned int col = 0; col<nx; col+=tw) {
-            if (TIFFReadTile(tif,buf,col,row,0,0)<0) {
-              _TIFFfree(buf); TIFFClose(tif);
-              throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_tiff(): Invalid tile in file '%s'.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    TIFFFileName(tif));
-            }
-            const t *ptr = buf;
-            for (unsigned int rr = row; rr<cimg::min((unsigned int)(row+th),(unsigned int)ny); ++rr)
-              for (unsigned int cc = col; cc<cimg::min((unsigned int)(col+tw),(unsigned int)nx); ++cc)
-                for (unsigned int vv = 0; vv<samplesperpixel; ++vv)
-                  (*this)(cc,rr,vv) = (T)(ptr[(rr-row)*th*samplesperpixel + (cc-col)*samplesperpixel + vv]);
-          }
-        _TIFFfree(buf);
-      }
-    }
-
-    template<typename t>
-    void _load_tiff_tiled_separate(TIFF *const tif, const uint16 samplesperpixel,
-                                   const uint32 nx, const uint32 ny, const uint32 tw, const uint32 th) {
-      t *const buf = (t*)_TIFFmalloc(TIFFTileSize(tif));
-      if (buf) {
-        for (unsigned int vv = 0; vv<samplesperpixel; ++vv)
-          for (unsigned int row = 0; row<ny; row+=th)
-            for (unsigned int col = 0; col<nx; col+=tw) {
-              if (TIFFReadTile(tif,buf,col,row,0,vv)<0) {
-                _TIFFfree(buf); TIFFClose(tif);
-                throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                                      "load_tiff(): Invalid tile in file '%s'.",
-                                      cimg_instance,
-                                      TIFFFileName(tif));
-              }
-              const t *ptr = buf;
-              for (unsigned int rr = row; rr<cimg::min((unsigned int)(row+th),(unsigned int)ny); ++rr)
-                for (unsigned int cc = col; cc<cimg::min((unsigned int)(col+tw),(unsigned int)nx); ++cc)
-                  (*this)(cc,rr,vv) = (T)*(ptr++);
-            }
-        _TIFFfree(buf);
-      }
-    }
-
-    template<typename t>
-    void _load_tiff_contig(TIFF *const tif, const uint16 samplesperpixel, const uint32 nx, const uint32 ny) {
-      t *const buf = (t*)_TIFFmalloc(TIFFStripSize(tif));
-      if (buf) {
-        uint32 row, rowsperstrip = (uint32)-1;
-        TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_ROWSPERSTRIP,&rowsperstrip);
-        for (row = 0; row<ny; row+= rowsperstrip) {
-          uint32 nrow = (row+rowsperstrip>ny?ny-row:rowsperstrip);
-          tstrip_t strip = TIFFComputeStrip(tif, row, 0);
-          if ((TIFFReadEncodedStrip(tif,strip,buf,-1))<0) {
-            _TIFFfree(buf); TIFFClose(tif);
-            throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                                  "load_tiff(): Invalid strip in file '%s'.",
-                                  cimg_instance,
-                                  TIFFFileName(tif));
-          }
-          const t *ptr = buf;
-          for (unsigned int rr = 0; rr<nrow; ++rr)
-            for (unsigned int cc = 0; cc<nx; ++cc)
-              for (unsigned int vv = 0; vv<samplesperpixel; ++vv) (*this)(cc,row+rr,vv) = (T)*(ptr++);
-        }
-        _TIFFfree(buf);
-      }
-    }
-
-    template<typename t>
-    void _load_tiff_separate(TIFF *const tif, const uint16 samplesperpixel, const uint32 nx, const uint32 ny) {
-      t *buf = (t*)_TIFFmalloc(TIFFStripSize(tif));
-      if (buf) {
-        uint32 row, rowsperstrip = (uint32)-1;
-        TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_ROWSPERSTRIP,&rowsperstrip);
-        for (unsigned int vv = 0; vv<samplesperpixel; ++vv)
-          for (row = 0; row<ny; row+= rowsperstrip) {
-            uint32 nrow = (row+rowsperstrip>ny?ny-row:rowsperstrip);
-            tstrip_t strip = TIFFComputeStrip(tif, row, vv);
-            if ((TIFFReadEncodedStrip(tif,strip,buf,-1))<0) {
-              _TIFFfree(buf); TIFFClose(tif);
-              throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_tiff(): Invalid strip in file '%s'.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    TIFFFileName(tif));
-            }
-            const t *ptr = buf;
-            for (unsigned int rr = 0;rr<nrow; ++rr)
-              for (unsigned int cc = 0; cc<nx; ++cc)
-                (*this)(cc,row+rr,vv) = (T)*(ptr++);
-          }
-        _TIFFfree(buf);
-      }
-    }
-
-    CImg<T>& _load_tiff(TIFF *const tif, const unsigned int directory, float *const voxel_size) {
-      if (!TIFFSetDirectory(tif,directory)) return assign();
-      uint16 samplesperpixel = 1, bitspersample = 8, photo = 0;
-      uint16 sampleformat = 1;
-      uint32 nx = 1, ny = 1;
-      const char *const filename = TIFFFileName(tif);
-      const bool is_spp = (bool)TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_SAMPLESPERPIXEL,&samplesperpixel);
-      TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_IMAGEWIDTH,&nx);
-      TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_IMAGELENGTH,&ny);
-      TIFFGetField(tif, TIFFTAG_SAMPLEFORMAT, &sampleformat);
-      TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(tif,TIFFTAG_BITSPERSAMPLE,&bitspersample);
-      TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_PHOTOMETRIC,&photo);
-      if (voxel_size) {
-        const char *s_description = 0;
-        float vx = 0, vy = 0, vz = 0;
-        if (TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_IMAGEDESCRIPTION,&s_description) && s_description) {
-          const char *s_desc = std::strstr(s_description,"VX=");
-          if (s_desc && std::sscanf(s_desc,"VX=%f VY=%f VZ=%f",&vx,&vy,&vz)==3) { // CImg format.
-            voxel_size[0] = vx; voxel_size[1] = vy; voxel_size[2] = vz;
-          }
-          s_desc = std::strstr(s_description,"spacing=");
-          if (s_desc && std::sscanf(s_desc,"spacing=%f",&vz)==1) { // fiji format.
-            voxel_size[2] = vz;
-          }
-        }
-        TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_XRESOLUTION,voxel_size);
-        TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_YRESOLUTION,voxel_size+1);
-      }
-      const unsigned int spectrum = is_spp?samplesperpixel:photo==3?3:1;
-      assign(nx,ny,1,spectrum);
-
-      if (photo>=3 && sampleformat==1 && bitspersample==8 && (samplesperpixel==3 || samplesperpixel==4)) {
-        // Special case for unsigned color images.
-        uint32 *const raster = (uint32*)_TIFFmalloc(nx*ny*sizeof(uint32));
-        if (!raster) {
-          _TIFFfree(raster); TIFFClose(tif);
-          throw CImgException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_tiff(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              cimg::strbuffersize(nx*ny*sizeof(uint32)),filename);
-        }
-        TIFFReadRGBAImage(tif,nx,ny,raster,0);
-        switch (spectrum) {
-        case 1 : {
-          cimg_forXY(*this,x,y) (*this)(x,y) = (T)(float)((raster[nx*(ny-1-y)+x] + 128)/257);
-        } break;
-        case 3 : {
-          cimg_forXY(*this,x,y) {
-            (*this)(x,y,0) = (T)(float)TIFFGetR(raster[nx*(ny-1-y)+x]);
-            (*this)(x,y,1) = (T)(float)TIFFGetG(raster[nx*(ny-1-y)+x]);
-            (*this)(x,y,2) = (T)(float)TIFFGetB(raster[nx*(ny-1-y)+x]);
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 4 : {
-          cimg_forXY(*this,x,y) {
-            (*this)(x,y,0) = (T)(float)TIFFGetR(raster[nx*(ny-1-y)+x]);
-            (*this)(x,y,1) = (T)(float)TIFFGetG(raster[nx*(ny-1-y)+x]);
-            (*this)(x,y,2) = (T)(float)TIFFGetB(raster[nx*(ny-1-y)+x]);
-            (*this)(x,y,3) = (T)(float)TIFFGetA(raster[nx*(ny-1-y)+x]);
-          }
-        } break;
-        }
-        _TIFFfree(raster);
-      } else { // Other cases.
-        uint16 config;
-        TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_PLANARCONFIG,&config);
-        if (TIFFIsTiled(tif)) {
-          uint32 tw = 1, th = 1;
-          TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_TILEWIDTH,&tw);
-          TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_TILELENGTH,&th);
-          if (config==PLANARCONFIG_CONTIG) switch (bitspersample) {
-            case 8 : {
-              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT)
-                _load_tiff_tiled_contig<unsigned char>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
-              else _load_tiff_tiled_contig<signed char>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
-            } break;
-            case 16 :
-              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT)
-                _load_tiff_tiled_contig<unsigned short>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
-              else _load_tiff_tiled_contig<short>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
-              break;
-            case 32 :
-              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT)
-                _load_tiff_tiled_contig<unsigned int>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
-              else if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_INT)
-                _load_tiff_tiled_contig<int>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
-              else _load_tiff_tiled_contig<float>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
-              break;
-            } else switch (bitspersample) {
-            case 8 :
-              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT)
-                _load_tiff_tiled_separate<unsigned char>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
-              else _load_tiff_tiled_separate<signed char>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
-              break;
-            case 16 :
-              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT)
-                _load_tiff_tiled_separate<unsigned short>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
-              else _load_tiff_tiled_separate<short>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
-              break;
-            case 32 :
-              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT)
-                _load_tiff_tiled_separate<unsigned int>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
-              else if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_INT)
-                _load_tiff_tiled_separate<int>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
-              else _load_tiff_tiled_separate<float>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
-              break;
-            }
-        } else {
-          if (config==PLANARCONFIG_CONTIG) switch (bitspersample) {
-            case 8 :
-              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT)
-                _load_tiff_contig<unsigned char>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
-              else _load_tiff_contig<signed char>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
-              break;
-            case 16 :
-              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT) _load_tiff_contig<unsigned short>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
-              else _load_tiff_contig<short>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
-              break;
-            case 32 :
-              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT) _load_tiff_contig<unsigned int>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
-              else if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_INT) _load_tiff_contig<int>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
-              else _load_tiff_contig<float>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
-              break;
-            } else switch (bitspersample) {
-            case 8 :
-              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT) _load_tiff_separate<unsigned char>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
-              else _load_tiff_separate<signed char>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
-              break;
-            case 16 :
-              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT) _load_tiff_separate<unsigned short>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
-              else _load_tiff_separate<short>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
-              break;
-            case 32 :
-              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT) _load_tiff_separate<unsigned int>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
-              else if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_INT) _load_tiff_separate<int>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
-              else _load_tiff_separate<float>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
-              break;
-            }
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    //! Load image from a MINC2 file.
-    /**
-        \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    // (Original code by Haz-Edine Assemlal).
-    CImg<T>& load_minc2(const char *const filename) {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_minc2(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-#ifndef cimg_use_minc2
-      return load_other(filename);
-#else
-      minc::minc_1_reader rdr;
-      rdr.open(filename);
-      assign(rdr.ndim(1)?rdr.ndim(1):1,
-             rdr.ndim(2)?rdr.ndim(2):1,
-             rdr.ndim(3)?rdr.ndim(3):1,
-             rdr.ndim(4)?rdr.ndim(4):1);
-      if(typeid(T)==typeid(unsigned char))
-        rdr.setup_read_byte();
-      else if(typeid(T)==typeid(int))
-        rdr.setup_read_int();
-      else if(typeid(T)==typeid(double))
-        rdr.setup_read_double();
-      else
-        rdr.setup_read_float();
-      minc::load_standard_volume(rdr, this->_data);
-      return *this;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a MINC2 file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_minc2(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_analyze(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from an ANALYZE7.5/NIFTI file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \param[out] voxel_size Pointer to the three voxel sizes read from the file.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_analyze(const char *const filename, float *const voxel_size=0) {
-      return _load_analyze(0,filename,voxel_size);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from an ANALYZE7.5/NIFTI file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_analyze(const char *const filename, float *const voxel_size=0) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_analyze(filename,voxel_size);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from an ANALYZE7.5/NIFTI file \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& load_analyze(std::FILE *const file, float *const voxel_size=0) {
-      return _load_analyze(file,0,voxel_size);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from an ANALYZE7.5/NIFTI file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_analyze(std::FILE *const file, float *const voxel_size=0) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_analyze(file,voxel_size);
-    }
-
-    CImg<T>& _load_analyze(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename, float *const voxel_size=0) {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_analyze(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      std::FILE *nfile_header = 0, *nfile = 0;
-      if (!file) {
-        char body[1024] = { 0 };
-        const char *const ext = cimg::split_filename(filename,body);
-        if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"hdr")) { // File is an Analyze header file.
-          nfile_header = cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
-          std::sprintf(body + std::strlen(body),".img");
-          nfile = cimg::fopen(body,"rb");
-        } else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"img")) { // File is an Analyze data file.
-          nfile = cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
-          std::sprintf(body + std::strlen(body),".hdr");
-          nfile_header = cimg::fopen(body,"rb");
-        } else nfile_header = nfile = cimg::fopen(filename,"rb"); // File is a Niftii file.
-      } else nfile_header = nfile = file; // File is a Niftii file.
-      if (!nfile || !nfile_header)
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_analyze(): Invalid Analyze7.5 or NIFTI header in file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-      // Read header.
-      bool endian = false;
-      unsigned int header_size;
-      cimg::fread(&header_size,1,nfile_header);
-      if (!header_size)
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_analyze(): Invalid zero-sized header in file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-      if (header_size>=4096) { endian = true; cimg::invert_endianness(header_size); }
-      unsigned char *const header = new unsigned char[header_size];
-      cimg::fread(header+4,header_size-4,nfile_header);
-      if (!file && nfile_header!=nfile) cimg::fclose(nfile_header);
-      if (endian) {
-        cimg::invert_endianness((short*)(header+40),5);
-        cimg::invert_endianness((short*)(header+70),1);
-        cimg::invert_endianness((short*)(header+72),1);
-        cimg::invert_endianness((float*)(header+76),4);
-        cimg::invert_endianness((float*)(header+112),1);
-      }
-      unsigned short *dim = (unsigned short*)(header+40), dimx = 1, dimy = 1, dimz = 1, dimv = 1;
-      if (!dim[0])
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "load_analyze(): File '%s' defines an image with zero dimensions.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-      if (dim[0]>4)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "load_analyze(): File '%s' defines an image with %u dimensions, reading only the 4 first.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)",dim[0]);
-
-      if (dim[0]>=1) dimx = dim[1];
-      if (dim[0]>=2) dimy = dim[2];
-      if (dim[0]>=3) dimz = dim[3];
-      if (dim[0]>=4) dimv = dim[4];
-      float scalefactor = *(float*)(header+112); if (scalefactor==0) scalefactor=1;
-      const unsigned short datatype = *(short*)(header+70);
-      if (voxel_size) {
-        const float *vsize = (float*)(header+76);
-        voxel_size[0] = vsize[1]; voxel_size[1] = vsize[2]; voxel_size[2] = vsize[3];
-      }
-      delete[] header;
-
-      // Read pixel data.
-      assign(dimx,dimy,dimz,dimv);
-      switch (datatype) {
-      case 2 : {
-        unsigned char *const buffer = new unsigned char[dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv];
-        cimg::fread(buffer,dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv,nfile);
-        cimg_foroff(*this,off) _data[off] = (T)(buffer[off]*scalefactor);
-        delete[] buffer;
-      } break;
-      case 4 : {
-        short *const buffer = new short[dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv];
-        cimg::fread(buffer,dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv,nfile);
-        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(buffer,dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv);
-        cimg_foroff(*this,off) _data[off] = (T)(buffer[off]*scalefactor);
-        delete[] buffer;
-      } break;
-      case 8 : {
-        int *const buffer = new int[dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv];
-        cimg::fread(buffer,dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv,nfile);
-        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(buffer,dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv);
-        cimg_foroff(*this,off) _data[off] = (T)(buffer[off]*scalefactor);
-        delete[] buffer;
-      } break;
-      case 16 : {
-        float *const buffer = new float[dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv];
-        cimg::fread(buffer,dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv,nfile);
-        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(buffer,dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv);
-        cimg_foroff(*this,off) _data[off] = (T)(buffer[off]*scalefactor);
-        delete[] buffer;
-      } break;
-      case 64 : {
-        double *const buffer = new double[dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv];
-        cimg::fread(buffer,dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv,nfile);
-        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(buffer,dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv);
-        cimg_foroff(*this,off) _data[off] = (T)(buffer[off]*scalefactor);
-        delete[] buffer;
-      } break;
-      default :
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_analyze(): Unable to load datatype %d in file '%s'",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              datatype,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a .cimg[z] file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-      \param axis Appending axis, if file contains multiple images. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
-      \param align Appending alignment.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_cimg(const char *const filename, const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
-      CImgList<T> list;
-      list.load_cimg(filename);
-      if (list._width==1) return list[0].move_to(*this);
-      return assign(list.get_append(axis,align));
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a .cimg[z] file \newinstance
-    static CImg<T> get_load_cimg(const char *const filename, const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_cimg(filename,axis,align);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a .cimg[z] file \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& load_cimg(std::FILE *const file, const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
-      CImgList<T> list;
-      list.load_cimg(file);
-      if (list._width==1) return list[0].move_to(*this);
-      return assign(list.get_append(axis,align));
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a .cimg[z] file \newinstance
-    static CImg<T> get_load_cimg(std::FILE *const file, const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_cimg(file,axis,align);
-    }
-
-    //! Load sub-images of a .cimg file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-      \param n0 Starting frame.
-      \param n1 Ending frame (~0U for max).
-      \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting sub-image vertex.
-      \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting sub-image vertex.
-      \param z0 Z-coordinate of the starting sub-image vertex.
-      \param c0 C-coordinate of the starting sub-image vertex.
-      \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending sub-image vertex (~0U for max).
-      \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending sub-image vertex (~0U for max).
-      \param z1 Z-coordinate of the ending sub-image vertex (~0U for max).
-      \param c1 C-coordinate of the ending sub-image vertex (~0U for max).
-      \param axis Appending axis, if file contains multiple images. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
-      \param align Appending alignment.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_cimg(const char *const filename,
-                       const unsigned int n0, const unsigned int n1,
-                       const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
-                       const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0,
-                       const unsigned int x1, const unsigned int y1,
-                       const unsigned int z1, const unsigned int c1,
-                       const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
-      CImgList<T> list;
-      list.load_cimg(filename,n0,n1,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1);
-      if (list._width==1) return list[0].move_to(*this);
-      return assign(list.get_append(axis,align));
-    }
-
-    //! Load sub-images of a .cimg file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_cimg(const char *const filename,
-                                 const unsigned int n0, const unsigned int n1,
-                                 const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
-                                 const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0,
-                                 const unsigned int x1, const unsigned int y1,
-                                 const unsigned int z1, const unsigned int c1,
-                                 const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_cimg(filename,n0,n1,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,axis,align);
-    }
-
-    //! Load sub-images of a .cimg file \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& load_cimg(std::FILE *const file,
-                       const unsigned int n0, const unsigned int n1,
-                       const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
-                       const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0,
-                       const unsigned int x1, const unsigned int y1,
-                       const unsigned int z1, const unsigned int c1,
-                       const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
-      CImgList<T> list;
-      list.load_cimg(file,n0,n1,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1);
-      if (list._width==1) return list[0].move_to(*this);
-      return assign(list.get_append(axis,align));
-    }
-
-    //! Load sub-images of a .cimg file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_cimg(std::FILE *const file,
-                                 const unsigned int n0, const unsigned int n1,
-                                 const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
-                                 const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0,
-                                 const unsigned int x1, const unsigned int y1,
-                                 const unsigned int z1, const unsigned int c1,
-                                 const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_cimg(file,n0,n1,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,axis,align);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from an INRIMAGE-4 file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \param[out] voxel_size Pointer to the three voxel sizes read from the file.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_inr(const char *const filename, float *const voxel_size=0) {
-      return _load_inr(0,filename,voxel_size);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from an INRIMAGE-4 file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_inr(const char *const filename, float *const voxel_size=0) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_inr(filename,voxel_size);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from an INRIMAGE-4 file \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& load_inr(std::FILE *const file, float *const voxel_size=0) {
-      return _load_inr(file,0,voxel_size);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from an INRIMAGE-4 file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_inr(std::FILE *const file, float *voxel_size=0) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_inr(file,voxel_size);
-    }
-
-    static void _load_inr_header(std::FILE *file, int out[8], float *const voxel_size) {
-      char item[1024] = { 0 }, tmp1[64] = { 0 }, tmp2[64] = { 0 };
-      out[0] = std::fscanf(file,"%63s",item);
-      out[0] = out[1] = out[2] = out[3] = out[5] = 1; out[4] = out[6] = out[7] = -1;
-      if(cimg::strncasecmp(item,"#INRIMAGE-4#{",13)!=0)
-        throw CImgIOException("CImg<%s>::load_inr(): INRIMAGE-4 header not found.",
-                              pixel_type());
-
-      while (std::fscanf(file," %63[^\n]%*c",item)!=EOF && std::strncmp(item,"##}",3)) {
-        std::sscanf(item," XDIM%*[^0-9]%d",out);
-        std::sscanf(item," YDIM%*[^0-9]%d",out+1);
-        std::sscanf(item," ZDIM%*[^0-9]%d",out+2);
-        std::sscanf(item," VDIM%*[^0-9]%d",out+3);
-        std::sscanf(item," PIXSIZE%*[^0-9]%d",out+6);
-        if (voxel_size) {
-          std::sscanf(item," VX%*[^0-9.+-]%f",voxel_size);
-          std::sscanf(item," VY%*[^0-9.+-]%f",voxel_size+1);
-          std::sscanf(item," VZ%*[^0-9.+-]%f",voxel_size+2);
-        }
-        if (std::sscanf(item," CPU%*[ =]%s",tmp1)) out[7]=cimg::strncasecmp(tmp1,"sun",3)?0:1;
-        switch (std::sscanf(item," TYPE%*[ =]%s %s",tmp1,tmp2)) {
-        case 0 : break;
-        case 2 : out[5] = cimg::strncasecmp(tmp1,"unsigned",8)?1:0; std::strncpy(tmp1,tmp2,sizeof(tmp1)-1);
-        case 1 :
-          if (!cimg::strncasecmp(tmp1,"int",3)   || !cimg::strncasecmp(tmp1,"fixed",5))  out[4] = 0;
-          if (!cimg::strncasecmp(tmp1,"float",5) || !cimg::strncasecmp(tmp1,"double",6)) out[4] = 1;
-          if (!cimg::strncasecmp(tmp1,"packed",6))                                       out[4] = 2;
-          if (out[4]>=0) break;
-        default :
-          throw CImgIOException("CImg<%s>::load_inr(): Invalid pixel type '%s' defined in header.",
-                                pixel_type(),
-                                tmp2);
-        }
-      }
-      if(out[0]<0 || out[1]<0 || out[2]<0 || out[3]<0)
-        throw CImgIOException("CImg<%s>::load_inr(): Invalid dimensions (%d,%d,%d,%d) defined in header.",
-                              pixel_type(),
-                              out[0],out[1],out[2],out[3]);
-      if(out[4]<0 || out[5]<0)
-        throw CImgIOException("CImg<%s>::load_inr(): Incomplete pixel type defined in header.",
-                              pixel_type());
-      if(out[6]<0)
-        throw CImgIOException("CImg<%s>::load_inr(): Incomplete PIXSIZE field defined in header.",
-                              pixel_type());
-      if(out[7]<0)
-        throw CImgIOException("CImg<%s>::load_inr(): Big/Little Endian coding type undefined in header.",
-                              pixel_type());
-    }
-
-    CImg<T>& _load_inr(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename, float *const voxel_size) {
-#define _cimg_load_inr_case(Tf,sign,pixsize,Ts) \
-     if (!loaded && fopt[6]==pixsize && fopt[4]==Tf && fopt[5]==sign) { \
-        Ts *xval, *const val = new Ts[fopt[0]*fopt[3]]; \
-        cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) { \
-            cimg::fread(val,fopt[0]*fopt[3],nfile); \
-            if (fopt[7]!=endian) cimg::invert_endianness(val,fopt[0]*fopt[3]); \
-            xval = val; cimg_forX(*this,x) cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(x,y,z,c) = (T)*(xval++); \
-          } \
-        delete[] val; \
-        loaded = true; \
-      }
-
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_inr(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
-      int fopt[8], endian=cimg::endianness()?1:0;
-      bool loaded = false;
-      if (voxel_size) voxel_size[0] = voxel_size[1] = voxel_size[2] = 1;
-      _load_inr_header(nfile,fopt,voxel_size);
-      assign(fopt[0],fopt[1],fopt[2],fopt[3]);
-      _cimg_load_inr_case(0,0,8,unsigned char);
-      _cimg_load_inr_case(0,1,8,char);
-      _cimg_load_inr_case(0,0,16,unsigned short);
-      _cimg_load_inr_case(0,1,16,short);
-      _cimg_load_inr_case(0,0,32,unsigned int);
-      _cimg_load_inr_case(0,1,32,int);
-      _cimg_load_inr_case(1,0,32,float);
-      _cimg_load_inr_case(1,1,32,float);
-      _cimg_load_inr_case(1,0,64,double);
-      _cimg_load_inr_case(1,1,64,double);
-      if (!loaded) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_inr(): Unknown pixel type defined in file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a EXR file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_exr(const char *const filename) {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_exr(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-#ifndef cimg_use_openexr
-      return load_other(filename);
-#else
-      Imf::RgbaInputFile file(filename);
-      Imath::Box2i dw = file.dataWindow();
-      const int
-        inwidth = dw.max.x - dw.min.x + 1,
-        inheight = dw.max.y - dw.min.y + 1;
-      Imf::Array2D<Imf::Rgba> pixels;
-      pixels.resizeErase(inheight,inwidth);
-      file.setFrameBuffer(&pixels[0][0] - dw.min.x - dw.min.y*inwidth, 1, inwidth);
-      file.readPixels(dw.min.y, dw.max.y);
-      assign(inwidth,inheight,1,4);
-      T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2), *ptr_a = data(0,0,0,3);
-      cimg_forXY(*this,x,y) {
-        *(ptr_r++) = (T)pixels[y][x].r;
-        *(ptr_g++) = (T)pixels[y][x].g;
-        *(ptr_b++) = (T)pixels[y][x].b;
-        *(ptr_a++) = (T)pixels[y][x].a;
-      }
-      return *this;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a EXR file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_exr(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_exr(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a PANDORE-5 file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_pandore(const char *const filename) {
-      return _load_pandore(0,filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a PANDORE-5 file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_pandore(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_pandore(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a PANDORE-5 file \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& load_pandore(std::FILE *const file) {
-      return _load_pandore(file,0);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a PANDORE-5 file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_pandore(std::FILE *const file) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_pandore(file);
-    }
-
-    CImg<T>& _load_pandore(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
-#define __cimg_load_pandore_case(nbdim,nwidth,nheight,ndepth,ndim,stype) \
-        cimg::fread(dims,nbdim,nfile); \
-        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(dims,nbdim); \
-        assign(nwidth,nheight,ndepth,ndim); \
-        const unsigned int siz = size(); \
-        stype *buffer = new stype[siz]; \
-        cimg::fread(buffer,siz,nfile); \
-        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(buffer,siz); \
-        T *ptrd = _data; \
-        cimg_foroff(*this,off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(buffer++); \
-        buffer-=siz; \
-        delete[] buffer
-
-#define _cimg_load_pandore_case(nbdim,nwidth,nheight,ndepth,dim,stype1,stype2,stype3,ltype) { \
-        if (sizeof(stype1)==ltype) { __cimg_load_pandore_case(nbdim,nwidth,nheight,ndepth,dim,stype1); } \
-        else if (sizeof(stype2)==ltype) { __cimg_load_pandore_case(nbdim,nwidth,nheight,ndepth,dim,stype2); } \
-        else if (sizeof(stype3)==ltype) { __cimg_load_pandore_case(nbdim,nwidth,nheight,ndepth,dim,stype3); } \
-        else throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance \
-                                   "load_pandore(): Unknown pixel datatype in file '%s'.", \
-                                   cimg_instance, \
-                                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)"); }
-
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_pandore(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
-      char header[32] = { 0 };
-      cimg::fread(header,12,nfile);
-      if (cimg::strncasecmp("PANDORE",header,7)) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_pandore(): PANDORE header not found in file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      unsigned int imageid, dims[8] = { 0 };
-      cimg::fread(&imageid,1,nfile);
-      const bool endian = (imageid>255);
-      if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(imageid);
-      cimg::fread(header,20,nfile);
-
-      switch (imageid) {
-      case 2: _cimg_load_pandore_case(2,dims[1],1,1,1,unsigned char,unsigned char,unsigned char,1); break;
-      case 3: _cimg_load_pandore_case(2,dims[1],1,1,1,long,int,short,4); break;
-      case 4: _cimg_load_pandore_case(2,dims[1],1,1,1,double,float,float,4); break;
-      case 5: _cimg_load_pandore_case(3,dims[2],dims[1],1,1,unsigned char,unsigned char,unsigned char,1); break;
-      case 6: _cimg_load_pandore_case(3,dims[2],dims[1],1,1,long,int,short,4); break;
-      case 7: _cimg_load_pandore_case(3,dims[2],dims[1],1,1,double,float,float,4); break;
-      case 8: _cimg_load_pandore_case(4,dims[3],dims[2],dims[1],1,unsigned char,unsigned char,unsigned char,1); break;
-      case 9: _cimg_load_pandore_case(4,dims[3],dims[2],dims[1],1,long,int,short,4); break;
-      case 10: _cimg_load_pandore_case(4,dims[3],dims[2],dims[1],1,double,float,float,4); break;
-      case 11 : { // Region 1d
-        cimg::fread(dims,3,nfile);
-        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(dims,3);
-        assign(dims[1],1,1,1);
-        const unsigned siz = size();
-        if (dims[2]<256) {
-          unsigned char *buffer = new unsigned char[siz];
-          cimg::fread(buffer,siz,nfile);
-          T *ptrd = _data;
-          cimg_foroff(*this,off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(buffer++);
-          buffer-=siz;
-          delete[] buffer;
-        } else {
-          if (dims[2]<65536) {
-            unsigned short *buffer = new unsigned short[siz];
-            cimg::fread(buffer,siz,nfile);
-            if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(buffer,siz);
-            T *ptrd = _data;
-            cimg_foroff(*this,off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(buffer++);
-            buffer-=siz;
-            delete[] buffer;
-          } else {
-            unsigned int *buffer = new unsigned int[siz];
-            cimg::fread(buffer,siz,nfile);
-            if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(buffer,siz);
-            T *ptrd = _data;
-            cimg_foroff(*this,off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(buffer++);
-            buffer-=siz;
-            delete[] buffer;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-        break;
-      case 12 : { // Region 2d
-        cimg::fread(dims,4,nfile);
-        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(dims,4);
-        assign(dims[2],dims[1],1,1);
-        const unsigned int siz = size();
-        if (dims[3]<256) {
-          unsigned char *buffer = new unsigned char[siz];
-          cimg::fread(buffer,siz,nfile);
-          T *ptrd = _data;
-          cimg_foroff(*this,off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(buffer++);
-          buffer-=siz;
-          delete[] buffer;
-        } else {
-          if (dims[3]<65536) {
-            unsigned short *buffer = new unsigned short[siz];
-            cimg::fread(buffer,siz,nfile);
-            if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(buffer,siz);
-            T *ptrd = _data;
-            cimg_foroff(*this,off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(buffer++);
-            buffer-=siz;
-            delete[] buffer;
-          } else {
-            unsigned long *buffer = new unsigned long[siz];
-            cimg::fread(buffer,siz,nfile);
-            if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(buffer,siz);
-            T *ptrd = _data;
-            cimg_foroff(*this,off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(buffer++);
-            buffer-=siz;
-            delete[] buffer;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-        break;
-      case 13 : { // Region 3d
-        cimg::fread(dims,5,nfile);
-        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(dims,5);
-        assign(dims[3],dims[2],dims[1],1);
-        const unsigned int siz = size();
-        if (dims[4]<256) {
-          unsigned char *buffer = new unsigned char[siz];
-          cimg::fread(buffer,siz,nfile);
-          T *ptrd = _data;
-          cimg_foroff(*this,off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(buffer++);
-          buffer-=siz;
-          delete[] buffer;
-        } else {
-          if (dims[4]<65536) {
-            unsigned short *buffer = new unsigned short[siz];
-            cimg::fread(buffer,siz,nfile);
-            if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(buffer,siz);
-            T *ptrd = _data;
-            cimg_foroff(*this,off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(buffer++);
-            buffer-=siz;
-            delete[] buffer;
-          } else {
-            unsigned int *buffer = new unsigned int[siz];
-            cimg::fread(buffer,siz,nfile);
-            if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(buffer,siz);
-            T *ptrd = _data;
-            cimg_foroff(*this,off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(buffer++);
-            buffer-=siz;
-            delete[] buffer;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-        break;
-      case 16: _cimg_load_pandore_case(4,dims[2],dims[1],1,3,unsigned char,unsigned char,unsigned char,1); break;
-      case 17: _cimg_load_pandore_case(4,dims[2],dims[1],1,3,long,int,short,4); break;
-      case 18: _cimg_load_pandore_case(4,dims[2],dims[1],1,3,double,float,float,4); break;
-      case 19: _cimg_load_pandore_case(5,dims[3],dims[2],dims[1],3,unsigned char,unsigned char,unsigned char,1); break;
-      case 20: _cimg_load_pandore_case(5,dims[3],dims[2],dims[1],3,long,int,short,4); break;
-      case 21: _cimg_load_pandore_case(5,dims[3],dims[2],dims[1],3,double,float,float,4); break;
-      case 22: _cimg_load_pandore_case(2,dims[1],1,1,dims[0],unsigned char,unsigned char,unsigned char,1); break;
-      case 23: _cimg_load_pandore_case(2,dims[1],1,1,dims[0],long,int,short,4);
-      case 24: _cimg_load_pandore_case(2,dims[1],1,1,dims[0],unsigned long,unsigned int,unsigned short,4); break;
-      case 25: _cimg_load_pandore_case(2,dims[1],1,1,dims[0],double,float,float,4); break;
-      case 26: _cimg_load_pandore_case(3,dims[2],dims[1],1,dims[0],unsigned char,unsigned char,unsigned char,1); break;
-      case 27: _cimg_load_pandore_case(3,dims[2],dims[1],1,dims[0],long,int,short,4); break;
-      case 28: _cimg_load_pandore_case(3,dims[2],dims[1],1,dims[0],unsigned long,unsigned int,unsigned short,4); break;
-      case 29: _cimg_load_pandore_case(3,dims[2],dims[1],1,dims[0],double,float,float,4); break;
-      case 30: _cimg_load_pandore_case(4,dims[3],dims[2],dims[1],dims[0],unsigned char,unsigned char,unsigned char,1);
-        break;
-      case 31: _cimg_load_pandore_case(4,dims[3],dims[2],dims[1],dims[0],long,int,short,4); break;
-      case 32: _cimg_load_pandore_case(4,dims[3],dims[2],dims[1],dims[0],unsigned long,unsigned int,unsigned short,4);
-        break;
-      case 33: _cimg_load_pandore_case(4,dims[3],dims[2],dims[1],dims[0],double,float,float,4); break;
-      case 34 : { // Points 1d
-        int ptbuf[4] = { 0 };
-        cimg::fread(ptbuf,1,nfile);
-        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(ptbuf,1);
-        assign(1); (*this)(0) = (T)ptbuf[0];
-      } break;
-      case 35 : { // Points 2d
-        int ptbuf[4] = { 0 };
-        cimg::fread(ptbuf,2,nfile);
-        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(ptbuf,2);
-        assign(2); (*this)(0) = (T)ptbuf[1]; (*this)(1) = (T)ptbuf[0];
-      } break;
-      case 36 : { // Points 3d
-        int ptbuf[4] = { 0 };
-        cimg::fread(ptbuf,3,nfile);
-        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(ptbuf,3);
-        assign(3); (*this)(0) = (T)ptbuf[2]; (*this)(1) = (T)ptbuf[1]; (*this)(2) = (T)ptbuf[0];
-      } break;
-      default :
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_pandore(): Unable to load data with ID_type %u in file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              imageid,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a PAR-REC (Philips) file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-      \param axis Appending axis, if file contains multiple images. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
-      \param align Appending alignment.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_parrec(const char *const filename, const char axis='c', const float align=0) {
-      CImgList<T> list;
-      list.load_parrec(filename);
-      if (list._width==1) return list[0].move_to(*this);
-      return assign(list.get_append(axis,align));
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a PAR-REC (Philips) file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_parrec(const char *const filename, const char axis='c', const float align=0) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_parrec(filename,axis,align);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a raw binary file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-      \param size_x Width of the image buffer.
-      \param size_y Height of the image buffer.
-      \param size_z Depth of the image buffer.
-      \param size_c Spectrum of the image buffer.
-      \param is_multiplexed Tells if the image values are multiplexed along the C-axis.
-      \param invert_endianness Tells if the endianness of the image buffer must be inverted.
-      \param offset Starting offset of the read in the specified file.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_raw(const char *const filename,
-                      const unsigned int size_x=0, const unsigned int size_y=1,
-                      const unsigned int size_z=1, const unsigned int size_c=1,
-                      const bool is_multiplexed=false, const bool invert_endianness=false,
-                      const unsigned long offset=0) {
-      return _load_raw(0,filename,size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c,is_multiplexed,invert_endianness,offset);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a raw binary file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_raw(const char *const filename,
-                                const unsigned int size_x=0, const unsigned int size_y=1,
-                                const unsigned int size_z=1, const unsigned int size_c=1,
-                                const bool is_multiplexed=false, const bool invert_endianness=false,
-                                const unsigned long offset=0) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_raw(filename,size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c,is_multiplexed,invert_endianness,offset);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a raw binary file \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& load_raw(std::FILE *const file,
-                      const unsigned int size_x=0, const unsigned int size_y=1,
-                      const unsigned int size_z=1, const unsigned int size_c=1,
-                      const bool is_multiplexed=false, const bool invert_endianness=false,
-                      const unsigned long offset=0) {
-      return _load_raw(file,0,size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c,is_multiplexed,invert_endianness,offset);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a raw binary file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_raw(std::FILE *const file,
-                                const unsigned int size_x=0, const unsigned int size_y=1,
-                                const unsigned int size_z=1, const unsigned int size_c=1,
-                                const bool is_multiplexed=false, const bool invert_endianness=false,
-                                const unsigned long offset=0) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_raw(file,size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c,is_multiplexed,invert_endianness,offset);
-    }
-
-    CImg<T>& _load_raw(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename,
-		       const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
-		       const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c,
-		       const bool is_multiplexed, const bool invert_endianness,
-                       const unsigned long offset) {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_raw(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (cimg::is_directory(filename))
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_raw(): Specified filename '%s' is a directory.",
-                                    cimg_instance,filename);
-
-      unsigned int siz = size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c,
-        _size_x = size_x, _size_y = size_y, _size_z = size_z, _size_c = size_c;
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
-      if (!siz) {  // Retrieve file size.
-        const long fpos = std::ftell(nfile);
-        if (fpos<0) throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                                "load_raw(): Cannot determine size of input file '%s'.",
-                                                cimg_instance,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-        std::fseek(nfile,0,SEEK_END);
-        siz = _size_y = (unsigned int)std::ftell(nfile)/sizeof(T);
-        _size_x = _size_z = _size_c = 1;
-        std::fseek(nfile,fpos,SEEK_SET);
-      }
-      std::fseek(nfile,(long)offset,SEEK_SET);
-      assign(_size_x,_size_y,_size_z,_size_c,0);
-      if (!is_multiplexed || size_c==1) {
-        cimg::fread(_data,siz,nfile);
-        if (invert_endianness) cimg::invert_endianness(_data,siz);
-      } else {
-        CImg<T> buf(1,1,1,_size_c);
-        cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
-          cimg::fread(buf._data,_size_c,nfile);
-          if (invert_endianness) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,_size_c);
-          set_vector_at(buf,x,y,z);
-        }
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load image sequence using FFMPEG av's libraries.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-      \param first_frame Index of the first frame to read.
-      \param last_frame Index of the last frame to read.
-      \param step_frame Step value for frame reading.
-      \param pixel_format To be documented.
-      \param resume To be documented.
-      \param axis Appending axis, if file contains multiple images. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
-      \param align Appending alignment.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_ffmpeg(const char *const filename,
-                         const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
-			 const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool pixel_format=true, const bool resume=false,
-			 const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
-      return get_load_ffmpeg(filename,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,pixel_format,resume,axis,align).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image sequence using FFMPEG av's libraries \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_ffmpeg(const char *const filename,
-                                   const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
-				   const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool pixel_format=true,
-                                   const bool resume=false,
-				   const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
-      return CImgList<T>().load_ffmpeg(filename,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,pixel_format,resume).
-        get_append(axis,align);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image sequence from a YUV file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-      \param size_x Width of the frames.
-      \param size_y Height of the frames.
-      \param first_frame Index of the first frame to read.
-      \param last_frame Index of the last frame to read.
-      \param step_frame Step value for frame reading.
-      \param yuv2rgb Tells if the YUV to RGB transform must be applied.
-      \param axis Appending axis, if file contains multiple images. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_yuv(const char *const filename,
-                      const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
-                      const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
-                      const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool yuv2rgb=true, const char axis='z') {
-      return get_load_yuv(filename,size_x,size_y,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,yuv2rgb,axis).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image sequence from a YUV file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_yuv(const char *const filename,
-                                const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
-                                const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
-                                const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool yuv2rgb=true, const char axis='z') {
-      return CImgList<T>().load_yuv(filename,size_x,size_y,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,yuv2rgb).get_append(axis);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image sequence from a YUV file \overloading.
-    CImg<T>& load_yuv(std::FILE *const file,
-                      const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
-                      const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
-		      const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool yuv2rgb=true, const char axis='z') {
-      return get_load_yuv(file,size_x,size_y,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,yuv2rgb,axis).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image sequence from a YUV file \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_yuv(std::FILE *const file,
-                                const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
-                                const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
-				const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool yuv2rgb=true, const char axis='z') {
-      return CImgList<T>().load_yuv(file,size_x,size_y,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,yuv2rgb).get_append(axis);
-    }
-
-    //! Load 3d object from a .OFF file.
-    /**
-        \param[out] primitives Primitives data of the 3d object.
-        \param[out] colors Colors data of the 3d object.
-        \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    template<typename tf, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& load_off(CImgList<tf>& primitives, CImgList<tc>& colors, const char *const filename) {
-      return _load_off(primitives,colors,0,filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load 3d object from a .OFF file \newinstance.
-    template<typename tf, typename tc>
-    static CImg<T> get_load_off(CImgList<tf>& primitives, CImgList<tc>& colors, const char *const filename) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_off(primitives,colors,filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load 3d object from a .OFF file \overloading.
-    template<typename tf, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& load_off(CImgList<tf>& primitives, CImgList<tc>& colors, std::FILE *const file) {
-      return _load_off(primitives,colors,file,0);
-    }
-
-    //! Load 3d object from a .OFF file \newinstance.
-    template<typename tf, typename tc>
-    static CImg<T> get_load_off(CImgList<tf>& primitives, CImgList<tc>& colors, std::FILE *const file) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_off(primitives,colors,file);
-    }
-
-    template<typename tf, typename tc>
-    CImg<T>& _load_off(CImgList<tf>& primitives, CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                       std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_off(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"r");
-      unsigned int nb_points = 0, nb_primitives = 0, nb_read = 0;
-      char line[256] = { 0 };
-      int err;
-
-      // Skip comments, and read magic string OFF
-      do { err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%255[^\n] ",line); } while (!err || (err==1 && *line=='#'));
-      if (cimg::strncasecmp(line,"OFF",3) && cimg::strncasecmp(line,"COFF",4)) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_off(): OFF header not found in file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      do { err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%255[^\n] ",line); } while (!err || (err==1 && *line=='#'));
-      if ((err = std::sscanf(line,"%u%u%*[^\n] ",&nb_points,&nb_primitives))!=2) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_off(): Invalid number of vertices or primitives specified in file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-
-      // Read points data
-      assign(nb_points,3);
-      float X = 0, Y = 0, Z = 0;
-      cimg_forX(*this,l) {
-        do { err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%255[^\n] ",line); } while (!err || (err==1 && *line=='#'));
-        if ((err = std::sscanf(line,"%f%f%f%*[^\n] ",&X,&Y,&Z))!=3) {
-          if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-          throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                                "load_off(): Failed to read vertex %u/%u in file '%s'.",
-                                cimg_instance,
-                                l+1,nb_points,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-        }
-        (*this)(l,0) = (T)X; (*this)(l,1) = (T)Y; (*this)(l,2) = (T)Z;
-      }
-
-      // Read primitive data
-      primitives.assign();
-      colors.assign();
-      bool stop_flag = false;
-      while (!stop_flag) {
-        float c0 = 0.7f, c1 = 0.7f, c2 = 0.7f;
-        unsigned int prim = 0, i0 = 0, i1 = 0, i2 = 0, i3 = 0, i4 = 0, i5 = 0, i6 = 0, i7 = 0;
-        *line = 0;
-        if ((err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%u",&prim))!=1) stop_flag = true;
-        else {
-          ++nb_read;
-          switch (prim) {
-          case 1 : {
-            if ((err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%u%255[^\n] ",&i0,line))<2) {
-              cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                         "load_off(): Failed to read primitive %u/%u from file '%s'.",
-                         cimg_instance,
-                         nb_read,nb_primitives,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-              err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%*[^\n] ");
-            } else {
-              err = std::sscanf(line,"%f%f%f",&c0,&c1,&c2);
-              CImg<tf>::vector(i0).move_to(primitives);
-              CImg<tc>::vector((tc)(c0*255),(tc)(c1*255),(tc)(c2*255)).move_to(colors);
-            }
-          } break;
-          case 2 : {
-            if ((err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%u%u%255[^\n] ",&i0,&i1,line))<2) {
-              cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                         "load_off(): Failed to read primitive %u/%u from file '%s'.",
-                         cimg_instance,
-                         nb_read,nb_primitives,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-              err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%*[^\n] ");
-            } else {
-              err = std::sscanf(line,"%f%f%f",&c0,&c1,&c2);
-              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i1).move_to(primitives);
-              CImg<tc>::vector((tc)(c0*255),(tc)(c1*255),(tc)(c2*255)).move_to(colors);
-            }
-          } break;
-          case 3 : {
-            if ((err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%u%u%u%255[^\n] ",&i0,&i1,&i2,line))<3) {
-              cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                         "load_off(): Failed to read primitive %u/%u from file '%s'.",
-                         cimg_instance,
-                         nb_read,nb_primitives,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-              err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%*[^\n] ");
-            } else {
-              err = std::sscanf(line,"%f%f%f",&c0,&c1,&c2);
-              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i2,i1).move_to(primitives);
-              CImg<tc>::vector((tc)(c0*255),(tc)(c1*255),(tc)(c2*255)).move_to(colors);
-            }
-          } break;
-          case 4 : {
-            if ((err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%u%u%u%u%255[^\n] ",&i0,&i1,&i2,&i3,line))<4) {
-              cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                         "load_off(): Failed to read primitive %u/%u from file '%s'.",
-                         cimg_instance,
-                         nb_read,nb_primitives,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-              err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%*[^\n] ");
-            } else {
-              err = std::sscanf(line,"%f%f%f",&c0,&c1,&c2);
-              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i3,i2,i1).move_to(primitives);
-              CImg<tc>::vector((tc)(c0*255),(tc)(c1*255),(tc)(c2*255)).move_to(colors);
-            }
-          } break;
-          case 5 : {
-            if ((err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%u%u%u%u%u%255[^\n] ",&i0,&i1,&i2,&i3,&i4,line))<5) {
-              cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                         "load_off(): Failed to read primitive %u/%u from file '%s'.",
-                         cimg_instance,
-                         nb_read,nb_primitives,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-              err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%*[^\n] ");
-            } else {
-              err = std::sscanf(line,"%f%f%f",&c0,&c1,&c2);
-              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i3,i2,i1).move_to(primitives);
-              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i4,i3).move_to(primitives);
-              colors.insert(2,CImg<tc>::vector((tc)(c0*255),(tc)(c1*255),(tc)(c2*255)));
-              ++nb_primitives;
-            }
-          } break;
-          case 6 : {
-            if ((err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%u%u%u%u%u%u%255[^\n] ",&i0,&i1,&i2,&i3,&i4,&i5,line))<6) {
-              cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                         "load_off(): Failed to read primitive %u/%u from file '%s'.",
-                         cimg_instance,
-                         nb_read,nb_primitives,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-              err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%*[^\n] ");
-            } else {
-              err = std::sscanf(line,"%f%f%f",&c0,&c1,&c2);
-              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i3,i2,i1).move_to(primitives);
-              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i5,i4,i3).move_to(primitives);
-              colors.insert(2,CImg<tc>::vector((tc)(c0*255),(tc)(c1*255),(tc)(c2*255)));
-              ++nb_primitives;
-            }
-          } break;
-          case 7 : {
-            if ((err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%u%u%u%u%u%u%u%255[^\n] ",&i0,&i1,&i2,&i3,&i4,&i5,&i6,line))<7) {
-              cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                         "load_off(): Failed to read primitive %u/%u from file '%s'.",
-                         cimg_instance,
-                         nb_read,nb_primitives,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-              err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%*[^\n] ");
-            } else {
-              err = std::sscanf(line,"%f%f%f",&c0,&c1,&c2);
-              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i4,i3,i1).move_to(primitives);
-              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i6,i5,i4).move_to(primitives);
-              CImg<tf>::vector(i3,i2,i1).move_to(primitives);
-              colors.insert(3,CImg<tc>::vector((tc)(c0*255),(tc)(c1*255),(tc)(c2*255)));
-              ++(++nb_primitives);
-            }
-          } break;
-          case 8 : {
-            if ((err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%u%u%u%u%u%u%u%u%255[^\n] ",&i0,&i1,&i2,&i3,&i4,&i5,&i6,&i7,line))<7) {
-              cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                         "load_off(): Failed to read primitive %u/%u from file '%s'.",
-                         cimg_instance,
-                         nb_read,nb_primitives,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-              err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%*[^\n] ");
-            } else {
-              err = std::sscanf(line,"%f%f%f",&c0,&c1,&c2);
-              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i3,i2,i1).move_to(primitives);
-              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i5,i4,i3).move_to(primitives);
-              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i7,i6,i5).move_to(primitives);
-              colors.insert(3,CImg<tc>::vector((tc)(c0*255),(tc)(c1*255),(tc)(c2*255)));
-              ++(++nb_primitives);
-            }
-          } break;
-          default :
-            cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                       "load_off(): Failed to read primitive %u/%u (%u vertices) from file '%s'.",
-                       cimg_instance,
-                       nb_read,nb_primitives,prim,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-            err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%*[^\n] ");
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      if (primitives._width!=nb_primitives)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "load_off(): Only %u/%u primitives read from file '%s'.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   primitives._width,nb_primitives,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load image sequence using FFMPEG's external tool 'ffmpeg'.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-      \param axis Appending axis, if file contains multiple images. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
-      \param align Appending alignment.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_ffmpeg_external(const char *const filename, const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
-      return get_load_ffmpeg_external(filename,axis,align).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image sequence using FFMPEG's external tool 'ffmpeg' \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_ffmpeg_external(const char *const filename, const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
-      return CImgList<T>().load_ffmpeg_external(filename).get_append(axis,align);
-    }
-
-    //! Load gif file, using Imagemagick or GraphicsMagicks's external tools.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-      \param use_graphicsmagick Tells if GraphicsMagick's tool 'gm' is used instead of ImageMagick's tool 'convert'.
-      \param axis Appending axis, if file contains multiple images. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
-      \param align Appending alignment.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_gif_external(const char *const filename,
-                               const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
-      return get_load_gif_external(filename,axis,align).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Load gif file, using ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick's external tool 'convert' \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_gif_external(const char *const filename,
-                                         const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
-      return CImgList<T>().load_gif_external(filename).get_append(axis,align);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image using GraphicsMagick's external tool 'gm'.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_graphicsmagick_external(const char *const filename) {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_graphicsmagick_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      std::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"rb"));            // Check if file exists.
-      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 };
-      std::FILE *file = 0;
-      const CImg<charT> s_filename = CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape();
-#if cimg_OS==1
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s convert \"%s\" pnm:-",
-                    cimg::graphicsmagick_path(),s_filename.data());
-      file = popen(command,"r");
-      if (file) {
-        const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-        cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-        try { load_pnm(file); } catch (...) {
-          pclose(file);
-          cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-          throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                                "load_graphicsmagick_external(): Failed to load file '%s' with external command 'gm'.",
-                                cimg_instance,
-                                filename);
-        }
-        pclose(file);
-        return *this;
-      }
-#endif
-      do {
-        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.pnm",
-                      cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
-        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-      } while (file);
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s convert \"%s\" \"%s\"",
-                    cimg::graphicsmagick_path(),s_filename.data(),
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data());
-      cimg::system(command,cimg::graphicsmagick_path());
-      if (!(file = std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))) {
-        cimg::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"r"));
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_graphicsmagick_external(): Failed to load file '%s' with external command 'gm'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              filename);
-
-      } else cimg::fclose(file);
-      load_pnm(filetmp);
-      std::remove(filetmp);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load image using GraphicsMagick's external tool 'gm' \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_graphicsmagick_external(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_graphicsmagick_external(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load gzipped image file, using external tool 'gunzip'.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_gzip_external(const char *const filename) {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_gzip_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                              cimg_instance);
-      std::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"rb"));            // Check if file exists.
-      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 }, body[512] = { 0 };
-      const char
-        *const ext = cimg::split_filename(filename,body),
-        *const ext2 = cimg::split_filename(body,0);
-
-      std::FILE *file = 0;
-      do {
-        if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"gz")) {
-          if (*ext2) cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.%s",
-                                   cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand(),ext2);
-          else cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s",
-                             cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
-        } else {
-          if (*ext) cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.%s",
-                                  cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand(),ext);
-          else cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s",
-                             cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
-        }
-        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-      } while (file);
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -c \"%s\" > \"%s\"",
-                    cimg::gunzip_path(),
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data(),
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data());
-      cimg::system(command);
-      if (!(file = std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))) {
-        cimg::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"r"));
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_gzip_external(): Failed to load file '%s' with external command 'gunzip'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              filename);
-
-      } else cimg::fclose(file);
-      load(filetmp);
-      std::remove(filetmp);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load gzipped image file, using external tool 'gunzip' \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_gzip_external(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_gzip_external(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image using ImageMagick's external tool 'convert'.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_imagemagick_external(const char *const filename) {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_imagemagick_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      std::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"rb"));            // Check if file exists.
-      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 };
-      std::FILE *file = 0;
-      const CImg<charT> s_filename = CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape();
-#if cimg_OS==1
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s%s \"%s\" pnm:-",
-                    cimg::imagemagick_path(),
-                    !cimg::strcasecmp(cimg::split_filename(filename),"pdf")?" -density 400x400":"",
-                    s_filename.data());
-      file = popen(command,"r");
-      if (file) {
-        const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-        cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-        try { load_pnm(file); } catch (...) {
-          pclose(file);
-          cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-          throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                                "load_imagemagick_external(): Failed to load file '%s' with "
-                                "external command 'convert'.",
-                                cimg_instance,
-                                filename);
-        }
-        pclose(file);
-        return *this;
-      }
-#endif
-      do {
-        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.pnm",
-                      cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
-        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-      } while (file);
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s%s \"%s\" \"%s\"",
-                    cimg::imagemagick_path(),
-                    !cimg::strcasecmp(cimg::split_filename(filename),"pdf")?" -density 400x400":"",
-                    s_filename.data(),CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data());
-      cimg::system(command,cimg::imagemagick_path());
-      if (!(file = std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))) {
-        cimg::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"r"));
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_imagemagick_external(): Failed to load file '%s' with external command 'convert'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              filename);
-
-      } else cimg::fclose(file);
-      load_pnm(filetmp);
-      std::remove(filetmp);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load image using ImageMagick's external tool 'convert' \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_imagemagick_external(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_imagemagick_external(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a DICOM file, using XMedcon's external tool 'medcon'.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_medcon_external(const char *const filename) {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_medcon_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      std::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"rb"));            // Check if file exists.
-      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 }, body[512] = { 0 };
-      cimg::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"r"));
-      std::FILE *file = 0;
-      do {
-        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s.hdr",cimg::filenamerand());
-        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-      } while (file);
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -w -c anlz -o \"%s\" -f \"%s\"",
-                    cimg::medcon_path(),
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data(),
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data());
-      cimg::system(command);
-      cimg::split_filename(filetmp,body);
-
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s.hdr",body);
-      file = std::fopen(command,"rb");
-      if (!file) {
-        cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"m000-%s.hdr",body);
-        file = std::fopen(command,"rb");
-        if (!file) {
-          throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                                "load_medcon_external(): Failed to load file '%s' with external command 'medcon'.",
-                                cimg_instance,
-                                filename);
-        }
-      }
-      cimg::fclose(file);
-      load_analyze(command);
-      std::remove(command);
-      cimg::split_filename(command,body);
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s.img",body);
-      std::remove(command);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a DICOM file, using XMedcon's external tool 'medcon' \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_medcon_external(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_medcon_external(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a RAW Color Camera file, using external tool 'dcraw'.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_dcraw_external(const char *const filename) {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_dcraw_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      std::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"rb"));            // Check if file exists.
-      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 };
-      std::FILE *file = 0;
-      const CImg<charT> s_filename = CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape();
-#if cimg_OS==1
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -w -4 -c \"%s\"",
-                    cimg::dcraw_path(),s_filename.data());
-      file = popen(command,"r");
-      if (file) {
-        const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-        cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-        try { load_pnm(file); } catch (...) {
-          pclose(file);
-          cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-          throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                                "load_dcraw_external(): Failed to load file '%s' with external command 'dcraw'.",
-                                cimg_instance,
-                                filename);
-        }
-        pclose(file);
-        return *this;
-      }
-#endif
-      do {
-        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.ppm",
-                      cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
-        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-      } while (file);
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -w -4 -c \"%s\" > \"%s\"",
-                    cimg::dcraw_path(),s_filename.data(),CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data());
-      cimg::system(command,cimg::dcraw_path());
-      if (!(file = std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))) {
-        cimg::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"r"));
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "load_dcraw_external(): Failed to load file '%s' with external command 'dcraw'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              filename);
-
-      } else cimg::fclose(file);
-      load_pnm(filetmp);
-      std::remove(filetmp);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a RAW Color Camera file, using external tool 'dcraw' \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_dcraw_external(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_dcraw_external(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a camera stream, using OpenCV.
-    /**
-       \param camera_index Index of the camera to capture images from.
-       \param skip_frames Number of frames to skip before the capture.
-       \param release_camera Tells if the camera ressource must be released at the end of the method.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_camera(const unsigned int camera_index=0, const unsigned int skip_frames=0,
-                         const bool release_camera=true, const unsigned int capture_width=0,
-                         const unsigned int capture_height=0) {
-#ifdef cimg_use_opencv
-      if (camera_index>255)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_camera(): Invalid request for camera #%u "
-                                    "(no more than 256 cameras can be managed).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    camera_index);
-      static CvCapture *capture[256] = { 0 };
-      if (release_camera) {
-        if (capture[camera_index]) cvReleaseCapture(&(capture[camera_index]));
-        capture[camera_index] = 0;
-        return *this;
-      }
-      if (!capture[camera_index]) {
-        capture[camera_index] = cvCreateCameraCapture(camera_index);
-        if (!capture[camera_index]) {
-          throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                                "load_camera(): Failed to initialize camera #%u.",
-                                cimg_instance,
-                                camera_index);
-        }
-      }
-      if (capture_width) cvSetCaptureProperty(capture[camera_index],CV_CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH,capture_width);
-      if (capture_height) cvSetCaptureProperty(capture[camera_index],CV_CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT,capture_height);
-      const IplImage *img = 0;
-      for (unsigned int i = 0; i<skip_frames; ++i) img = cvQueryFrame(capture[camera_index]);
-      img = cvQueryFrame(capture[camera_index]);
-      if (img) {
-        const int step = (int)(img->widthStep - 3*img->width);
-        assign(img->width,img->height,1,3);
-        const unsigned char* ptrs = (unsigned char*)img->imageData;
-        T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2);
-        if (step>0) cimg_forY(*this,y) {
-            cimg_forX(*this,x) { *(ptr_b++) = (T)*(ptrs++); *(ptr_g++) = (T)*(ptrs++); *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++); }
-            ptrs+=step;
-          } else for (unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)img->width*img->height; siz; --siz) {
-            *(ptr_b++) = (T)*(ptrs++); *(ptr_g++) = (T)*(ptrs++); *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
-          }
-      }
-      return *this;
-#else
-      cimg::unused(camera_index,skip_frames,release_camera,capture_width,capture_height);
-      throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                            "load_camera(): This function requires the OpenCV library to run "
-                            "(macro 'cimg_use_opencv' must be defined).",
-                            cimg_instance);
-#endif
-    }
-
-    //! Load image from a camera stream, using OpenCV \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_camera(const unsigned int camera_index=0, const unsigned int skip_frames=0,
-                                   const bool release_camera=true,
-                                   const unsigned int capture_width=0, const unsigned int capture_height=0) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_camera(camera_index,skip_frames,release_camera,capture_width,capture_height);
-    }
-
-    //! Load image using various non-native ways.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& load_other(const char *const filename) {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_other(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      try { load_magick(filename); }
-      catch (CImgException&) {
-        try { load_imagemagick_external(filename); }
-        catch (CImgException&) {
-          try { load_graphicsmagick_external(filename); }
-          catch (CImgException&) {
-            try { load_cimg(filename); }
-            catch (CImgException&) {
-              try {
-                std::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"rb"));
-              } catch (CImgException&) {
-                cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-                throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                                      "load_other(): Failed to open file '%s'.",
-                                      cimg_instance,
-                                      filename);
-              }
-              cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-              throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "load_other(): Failed to recognize format of file '%s'.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    filename);
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load image using various non-native ways \newinstance.
-    static CImg<T> get_load_other(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_other(filename);
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //---------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Data Output
-    //@{
-    //---------------------------
-
-    //! Display informations about the image data.
-    /**
-       \param title Name for the considered image.
-       \param display_stats Tells to compute and display image statistics.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& print(const char *const title=0, const bool display_stats=true) const {
-      int xm = 0, ym = 0, zm = 0, vm = 0, xM = 0, yM = 0, zM = 0, vM = 0;
-      CImg<doubleT> st;
-      if (!is_empty() && display_stats) {
-        st = get_stats();
-        xm = (int)st[4]; ym = (int)st[5], zm = (int)st[6], vm = (int)st[7];
-        xM = (int)st[8]; yM = (int)st[9], zM = (int)st[10], vM = (int)st[11];
-      }
-      const unsigned long siz = size(), msiz = siz*sizeof(T), siz1 = siz-1,
-        mdisp = msiz<8*1024?0:(msiz<8*1024*1024?1:2), width1 = _width-1;
-
-      char _title[64] = { 0 };
-      if (!title) cimg_snprintf(_title,sizeof(_title),"CImg<%s>",pixel_type());
-
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"%s%s%s%s: %sthis%s = %p, %ssize%s = (%u,%u,%u,%u) [%lu %s], %sdata%s = (%s*)%p",
-                   cimg::t_magenta,cimg::t_bold,title?title:_title,cimg::t_normal,
-                   cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,(void*)this,
-                   cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,
-                   mdisp==0?msiz:(mdisp==1?(msiz>>10):(msiz>>20)),
-                   mdisp==0?"b":(mdisp==1?"Kio":"Mio"),
-                   cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,pixel_type(),(void*)begin());
-      if (_data) std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"..%p (%s) = [ ",(void*)((char*)end()-1),_is_shared?"shared":"non-shared");
-      else std::fprintf(cimg::output()," (%s) = [ ",_is_shared?"shared":"non-shared");
-
-      if (!is_empty()) cimg_foroff(*this,off) {
-        std::fprintf(cimg::output(),cimg::type<T>::format(),cimg::type<T>::format(_data[off]));
-        if (off!=siz1) std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"%s",off%_width==width1?" ; ":" ");
-        if (off==7 && siz>16) { off = siz1-8; std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"... "); }
-      }
-      if (!is_empty() && display_stats)
-	std::fprintf(cimg::output(),
-                     " ], %smin%s = %g, %smax%s = %g, %smean%s = %g, %sstd%s = %g, %scoords_min%s = (%u,%u,%u,%u), "
-                     "%scoords_max%s = (%u,%u,%u,%u).\n",
-		     cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,st[0],
-                     cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,st[1],
-                     cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,st[2],
-                     cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,std::sqrt(st[3]),
-                     cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,xm,ym,zm,vm,
-                     cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,xM,yM,zM,vM);
-      else std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"%s].\n",is_empty()?"":" ");
-      std::fflush(cimg::output());
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Display image into a CImgDisplay window.
-    /**
-       \param disp Display window.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& display(CImgDisplay& disp) const {
-      disp.display(*this);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Display image into a CImgDisplay window, in an interactive way.
-    /**
-        \param disp Display window.
-        \param display_info Tells if image informations are displayed on the standard output.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& display(CImgDisplay &disp, const bool display_info, unsigned int *const XYZ=0) const {
-      return _display(disp,0,display_info,XYZ,false);
-    }
-
-    //! Display image into an interactive window.
-    /**
-        \param title Window title
-        \param display_info Tells if image informations are displayed on the standard output.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& display(const char *const title=0, const bool display_info=true, unsigned int *const XYZ=0) const {
-      CImgDisplay disp;
-      return _display(disp,title,display_info,XYZ,false);
-    }
-
-    const CImg<T>& _display(CImgDisplay &disp, const char *const title,
-                            const bool display_info, unsigned int *const XYZ,
-                            const bool exit_on_simpleclick) const {
-      unsigned int oldw = 0, oldh = 0, _XYZ[3] = { 0 }, key = 0;
-      int x0 = 0, y0 = 0, z0 = 0, x1 = width()-1, y1 = height()-1, z1 = depth()-1;
-
-      if (!disp) {
-        disp.assign(cimg_fitscreen(_width,_height,_depth),title?title:0,1);
-        if (!title) disp.set_title("CImg<%s> (%ux%ux%ux%u)",pixel_type(),_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-        else disp.set_title("%s",title);
-      } else if (title) disp.set_title("%s",title);
-      disp.show().flush();
-
-      const CImg<char> dtitle = CImg<char>::string(disp.title());
-      if (display_info) print(dtitle);
-
-      CImg<T> zoom;
-      for (bool reset_view = true, resize_disp = false, is_first_select = true; !key && !disp.is_closed(); ) {
-        if (reset_view) {
-          if (XYZ) { _XYZ[0] = XYZ[0]; _XYZ[1] = XYZ[1]; _XYZ[2] = XYZ[2]; }
-          else { _XYZ[0] = (x0 + x1)/2; _XYZ[1] = (y0 + y1)/2; _XYZ[2] = (z0 + z1)/2; }
-          x0 = 0; y0 = 0; z0 = 0; x1 = width()-1; y1 = height()-1; z1 = depth()-1;
-          oldw = disp.width(); oldh = disp.height();
-          reset_view = false;
-        }
-        if (!x0 && !y0 && !z0 && x1==width()-1 && y1==height()-1 && z1==depth()-1) {
-          if (is_empty()) zoom.assign(1,1,1,1,0); else zoom.assign();
-        } else zoom = get_crop(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1);
-
-        const unsigned int
-          dx = 1 + x1 - x0, dy = 1 + y1 - y0, dz = 1 + z1 - z0,
-          tw = dx + (dz>1?dz:0), th = dy + (dz>1?dz:0);
-        if (!is_empty() && !disp.is_fullscreen() && resize_disp) {
-          const unsigned int
-            ttw = tw*disp.width()/oldw, tth = th*disp.height()/oldh,
-            dM = cimg::max(ttw,tth), diM = (unsigned int)cimg::max(disp.width(),disp.height()),
-            imgw = cimg::max(16U,ttw*diM/dM), imgh = cimg::max(16U,tth*diM/dM);
-          disp.set_fullscreen(false).resize(cimg_fitscreen(imgw,imgh,1),false);
-          resize_disp = false;
-        }
-        oldw = tw; oldh = th;
-
-        bool
-          go_up = false, go_down = false, go_left = false, go_right = false,
-          go_inc = false, go_dec = false, go_in = false, go_out = false,
-          go_in_center = false;
-        const CImg<T>& visu = zoom?zoom:*this;
-
-        disp.set_title("%s",dtitle._data);
-        if (_width>1 && visu._width==1) disp.set_title("%s | x=%u",disp._title,x0);
-        if (_height>1 && visu._height==1) disp.set_title("%s | y=%u",disp._title,y0);
-        if (_depth>1 && visu._depth==1) disp.set_title("%s | z=%u",disp._title,z0);
-
-        if (!is_first_select) { _XYZ[0] = (x1-x0)/2; _XYZ[1] = (y1-y0)/2; _XYZ[2] = (z1-z0)/2; }
-        const CImg<intT> selection = visu._get_select(disp,0,2,_XYZ,x0,y0,z0,is_first_select,_depth>1);
-        is_first_select = false;
-
-        if (disp.wheel()) {
-          if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            go_out = !(go_in = disp.wheel()>0); go_in_center = false;
-          } else if (disp.is_keySHIFTLEFT() || disp.is_keySHIFTRIGHT()) { go_left = !(go_right = disp.wheel()>0); }
-          else if (disp.is_keyALT() || disp.is_keyALTGR() || _depth==1) { go_down = !(go_up = disp.wheel()>0); }
-          disp.set_wheel();
-        }
-
-        const int
-          sx0 = selection(0), sy0 = selection(1), sz0 = selection(2),
-          sx1 = selection(3), sy1 = selection(4), sz1 = selection(5);
-        if (sx0>=0 && sy0>=0 && sz0>=0 && sx1>=0 && sy1>=0 && sz1>=0) {
-          x1 = x0 + sx1; y1 = y0 + sy1; z1 = z0 + sz1;
-          x0+=sx0; y0+=sy0; z0+=sz0;
-          if (sx0==sx1 && sy0==sy1 && sz0==sz1) {
-            if (exit_on_simpleclick && (!zoom || is_empty())) break; else reset_view = true;
-          }
-          resize_disp = true;
-        } else switch (key = disp.key()) {
-#if cimg_OS!=2
-          case cimg::keyCTRLRIGHT : case cimg::keySHIFTRIGHT :
-#endif
-          case 0 : case cimg::keyCTRLLEFT : case cimg::keyPAD5 : case cimg::keySHIFTLEFT :
-#if cimg_OS!=2
-          case cimg::keyALTGR :
-#endif
-          case cimg::keyALT : key = 0; break;
-          case cimg::keyP : if (visu._depth>1 && (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT())) {
-              // Special mode: play stack of frames
-              const unsigned int
-                w1 = visu._width*disp.width()/(visu._width+(visu._depth>1?visu._depth:0)),
-                h1 = visu._height*disp.height()/(visu._height+(visu._depth>1?visu._depth:0));
-              float frame_timing = 5;
-              bool is_stopped = false;
-              disp.set_key(key,false).set_wheel().resize(cimg_fitscreen(w1,h1,1),false); key = 0;
-              for (unsigned int timer = 0; !key && !disp.is_closed() && !disp.button(); ) {
-                if (disp.is_resized()) disp.resize(false);
-                if (!timer) {
-                  visu.get_slice((int)_XYZ[2]).display(disp.set_title("%s | z=%d",dtitle.data(),_XYZ[2]));
-                  (++_XYZ[2])%=visu._depth;
-                }
-                if (!is_stopped) { if (++timer>(unsigned int)frame_timing) timer = 0; } else timer = ~0U;
-                if (disp.wheel()) { frame_timing-=disp.wheel()/3.0f; disp.set_wheel(); }
-                switch (key = disp.key()) {
-#if cimg_OS!=2
-                case cimg::keyCTRLRIGHT :
-#endif
-                case cimg::keyCTRLLEFT : key = 0; break;
-                case cimg::keyPAGEUP : frame_timing-=0.3f; key = 0; break;
-                case cimg::keyPAGEDOWN : frame_timing+=0.3f; key = 0; break;
-                case cimg::keySPACE : is_stopped = !is_stopped; disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; break;
-                case cimg::keyARROWLEFT : case cimg::keyARROWUP : is_stopped = true; timer = 0; key = 0; break;
-                case cimg::keyARROWRIGHT : case cimg::keyARROWDOWN : is_stopped = true;
-                  (_XYZ[2]+=visu._depth-2)%=visu._depth; timer = 0; key = 0; break;
-                case cimg::keyD : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-                    disp.set_fullscreen(false).
-                      resize(CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(3*disp.width()/2,3*disp.height()/2,1,128,-100,false),
-                             CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(3*disp.width()/2,3*disp.height()/2,1,128,-100,true),false);
-                    disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
-                  } break;
-                case cimg::keyC : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-                    disp.set_fullscreen(false).
-                      resize(cimg_fitscreen(2*disp.width()/3,2*disp.height()/3,1),false).set_key(key,false); key = 0;
-                  } break;
-                case cimg::keyR : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-                    disp.set_fullscreen(false).
-                      resize(cimg_fitscreen(_width,_height,_depth),false).set_key(key,false); key = 0;
-                  } break;
-                case cimg::keyF : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-                    disp.resize(disp.screen_width(),disp.screen_height(),false).
-                      toggle_fullscreen().set_key(key,false); key = 0;
-                  } break;
-                }
-                frame_timing = frame_timing<1?1:(frame_timing>39?39:frame_timing);
-                disp.wait(20);
-              }
-              const unsigned int
-                w2 = (visu._width + (visu._depth>1?visu._depth:0))*disp.width()/visu._width,
-                h2 = (visu._height + (visu._depth>1?visu._depth:0))*disp.height()/visu._height;
-              disp.resize(cimg_fitscreen(w2,h2,1),false).set_title(dtitle.data()).set_key().set_button().set_wheel();
-              key = 0;
-            } break;
-          case cimg::keyHOME : reset_view = resize_disp = true; key = 0; break;
-          case cimg::keyPADADD : go_in = true; go_in_center = true; key = 0; break;
-          case cimg::keyPADSUB : go_out = true; key = 0; break;
-          case cimg::keyARROWLEFT : case cimg::keyPAD4: go_left = true; key = 0; break;
-          case cimg::keyARROWRIGHT : case cimg::keyPAD6: go_right = true; key = 0; break;
-          case cimg::keyARROWUP : case cimg::keyPAD8: go_up = true; key = 0; break;
-          case cimg::keyARROWDOWN : case cimg::keyPAD2: go_down = true; key = 0; break;
-          case cimg::keyPAD7 : go_up = go_left = true; key = 0; break;
-          case cimg::keyPAD9 : go_up = go_right = true; key = 0; break;
-          case cimg::keyPAD1 : go_down = go_left = true; key = 0; break;
-          case cimg::keyPAD3 : go_down = go_right = true; key = 0; break;
-          case cimg::keyPAGEUP : go_inc = true; key = 0; break;
-          case cimg::keyPAGEDOWN : go_dec = true; key = 0; break;
-          }
-        if (go_in) {
-          const int
-            mx = go_in_center?disp.width()/2:disp.mouse_x(),
-            my = go_in_center?disp.height()/2:disp.mouse_y(),
-            mX = mx*(_width+(_depth>1?_depth:0))/disp.width(),
-            mY = my*(_height+(_depth>1?_depth:0))/disp.height();
-          int X = _XYZ[0], Y = _XYZ[1], Z = _XYZ[2];
-          if (mX<width() && mY<height())  {
-            X = x0 + mX*(1+x1-x0)/_width; Y = y0 + mY*(1+y1-y0)/_height; Z = _XYZ[2];
-          }
-          if (mX<width() && mY>=height()) {
-            X = x0 + mX*(1+x1-x0)/_width; Z = z0 + (mY-_height)*(1+z1-z0)/_depth; Y = _XYZ[1];
-          }
-          if (mX>=width() && mY<height()) {
-            Y = y0 + mY*(1+y1-y0)/_height; Z = z0 + (mX-_width)*(1+z1-z0)/_depth; X = _XYZ[0];
-          }
-          if (x1-x0>4) { x0 = X - 3*(X-x0)/4; x1 = X + 3*(x1-X)/4; }
-          if (y1-y0>4) { y0 = Y - 3*(Y-y0)/4; y1 = Y + 3*(y1-Y)/4; }
-          if (z1-z0>4) { z0 = Z - 3*(Z-z0)/4; z1 = Z + 3*(z1-Z)/4; }
-        }
-        if (go_out) {
-          const int
-            delta_x = (x1-x0)/8, delta_y = (y1-y0)/8, delta_z = (z1-z0)/8,
-            ndelta_x = delta_x?delta_x:(_width>1?1:0),
-            ndelta_y = delta_y?delta_y:(_height>1?1:0),
-            ndelta_z = delta_z?delta_z:(_depth>1?1:0);
-          x0-=ndelta_x; y0-=ndelta_y; z0-=ndelta_z;
-          x1+=ndelta_x; y1+=ndelta_y; z1+=ndelta_z;
-          if (x0<0) { x1-=x0; x0 = 0; if (x1>=width()) x1 = width() - 1; }
-          if (y0<0) { y1-=y0; y0 = 0; if (y1>=height()) y1 = height() - 1; }
-          if (z0<0) { z1-=z0; z0 = 0; if (z1>=depth()) z1 = depth() - 1; }
-          if (x1>=width()) { x0-=(x1-width()+1); x1 = width()-1; if (x0<0) x0 = 0; }
-          if (y1>=height()) { y0-=(y1-height()+1); y1 = height()-1; if (y0<0) y0 = 0; }
-          if (z1>=depth()) { z0-=(z1-depth()+1); z1 = depth()-1; if (z0<0) z0 = 0; }
-        }
-        if (go_left) {
-          const int delta = (x1-x0)/4, ndelta = delta?delta:(_width>1?1:0);
-          if (x0-ndelta>=0) { x0-=ndelta; x1-=ndelta; }
-          else { x1-=x0; x0 = 0; }
-        }
-        if (go_right) {
-          const int delta = (x1-x0)/4, ndelta = delta?delta:(_width>1?1:0);
-          if (x1+ndelta<width()) { x0+=ndelta; x1+=ndelta; }
-          else { x0+=(width()-1-x1); x1 = width()-1; }
-        }
-        if (go_up) {
-          const int delta = (y1-y0)/4, ndelta = delta?delta:(_height>1?1:0);
-          if (y0-ndelta>=0) { y0-=ndelta; y1-=ndelta; }
-          else { y1-=y0; y0 = 0; }
-        }
-        if (go_down) {
-          const int delta = (y1-y0)/4, ndelta = delta?delta:(_height>1?1:0);
-          if (y1+ndelta<height()) { y0+=ndelta; y1+=ndelta; }
-          else { y0+=(height()-1-y1); y1 = height()-1; }
-        }
-        if (go_inc) {
-          const int delta = (z1-z0)/4, ndelta = delta?delta:(_depth>1?1:0);
-          if (z0-ndelta>=0) { z0-=ndelta; z1-=ndelta; }
-          else { z1-=z0; z0 = 0; }
-        }
-        if (go_dec) {
-          const int delta = (z1-z0)/4, ndelta = delta?delta:(_depth>1?1:0);
-          if (z1+ndelta<depth()) { z0+=ndelta; z1+=ndelta; }
-          else { z0+=(depth()-1-z1); z1 = depth()-1; }
-        }
-        disp.wait(100);
-      }
-      disp.set_key(key);
-      if (XYZ) { XYZ[0] = _XYZ[0]; XYZ[1] = _XYZ[1]; XYZ[2] = _XYZ[2]; }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Display object 3d in an interactive window.
-    /**
-       \param disp Display window.
-       \param vertices Vertices data of the 3d object.
-       \param primitives Primitives data of the 3d object.
-       \param colors Colors data of the 3d object.
-       \param opacities Opacities data of the 3d object.
-       \param centering Tells if the 3d object must be centered for the display.
-       \param render_static Rendering mode.
-       \param render_motion Rendering mode, when the 3d object is moved.
-       \param is_double_sided Tells if the object primitives are double-sided.
-       \param focale Focale
-       \param light_x X-coordinate of the light source.
-       \param light_y Y-coordinate of the light source.
-       \param light_z Z-coordinate of the light source.
-       \param specular_lightness Amount of specular light.
-       \param specular_shininess Shininess of the object material.
-       \param display_axes Tells if the 3d axes are displayed.
-       \param pose_matrix Pointer to 12 values, defining a 3d pose (as a 4x3 matrix).
-    **/
-    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to>
-    const CImg<T>& display_object3d(CImgDisplay& disp,
-                                    const CImg<tp>& vertices,
-                                    const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                                    const CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                                    const to& opacities,
-                                    const bool centering=true,
-                                    const int render_static=4, const int render_motion=1,
-                                    const bool is_double_sided=true, const float focale=700,
-                                    const float light_x=0, const float light_y=0, const float light_z=-5e8f,
-                                    const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f,
-                                    const bool display_axes=true, float *const pose_matrix=0) const {
-      return _display_object3d(disp,0,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,centering,render_static,
-			       render_motion,is_double_sided,focale,
-                               light_x,light_y,light_z,specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
-			       display_axes,pose_matrix);
-    }
-
-    //! Display object 3d in an interactive window \simplification.
-    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to>
-    const CImg<T>& display_object3d(const char *const title,
-                                    const CImg<tp>& vertices,
-                                    const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                                    const CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                                    const to& opacities,
-                                    const bool centering=true,
-                                    const int render_static=4, const int render_motion=1,
-                                    const bool is_double_sided=true, const float focale=700,
-                                    const float light_x=0, const float light_y=0, const float light_z=-5e8f,
-                                    const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f,
-                                    const bool display_axes=true, float *const pose_matrix=0) const {
-      CImgDisplay disp;
-      return _display_object3d(disp,title,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,centering,render_static,
-			       render_motion,is_double_sided,focale,
-                               light_x,light_y,light_z,specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
-			       display_axes,pose_matrix);
-    }
-
-    //! Display object 3d in an interactive window \simplification.
-    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc>
-    const CImg<T>& display_object3d(CImgDisplay &disp,
-                                    const CImg<tp>& vertices,
-                                    const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                                    const CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                                    const bool centering=true,
-                                    const int render_static=4, const int render_motion=1,
-                                    const bool is_double_sided=true, const float focale=700,
-                                    const float light_x=0, const float light_y=0, const float light_z=-5e8f,
-                                    const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f,
-                                    const bool display_axes=true, float *const pose_matrix=0) const {
-      return display_object3d(disp,vertices,primitives,colors,CImgList<floatT>(),centering,
-			      render_static,render_motion,is_double_sided,focale,
-                              light_x,light_y,light_z,specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
-			      display_axes,pose_matrix);
-    }
-
-    //! Display object 3d in an interactive window \simplification.
-    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc>
-    const CImg<T>& display_object3d(const char *const title,
-				    const CImg<tp>& vertices,
-                                    const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                                    const CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                                    const bool centering=true,
-                                    const int render_static=4, const int render_motion=1,
-                                    const bool is_double_sided=true, const float focale=700,
-                                    const float light_x=0, const float light_y=0, const float light_z=-5e8f,
-                                    const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f,
-                                    const bool display_axes=true, float *const pose_matrix=0) const {
-      return display_object3d(title,vertices,primitives,colors,CImgList<floatT>(),centering,
-                              render_static,render_motion,is_double_sided,focale,
-                              light_x,light_y,light_z,specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
-                              display_axes,pose_matrix);
-    }
-
-    //! Display object 3d in an interactive window \simplification.
-    template<typename tp, typename tf>
-    const CImg<T>& display_object3d(CImgDisplay &disp,
-                                    const CImg<tp>& vertices,
-                                    const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                                    const bool centering=true,
-                                    const int render_static=4, const int render_motion=1,
-                                    const bool is_double_sided=true, const float focale=700,
-                                    const float light_x=0, const float light_y=0, const float light_z=-5e8f,
-                                    const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f,
-                                    const bool display_axes=true, float *const pose_matrix=0) const {
-      return display_object3d(disp,vertices,primitives,CImgList<T>(),centering,
-                              render_static,render_motion,is_double_sided,focale,
-                              light_x,light_y,light_z,specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
-                              display_axes,pose_matrix);
-    }
-
-
-    //! Display object 3d in an interactive window \simplification.
-    template<typename tp, typename tf>
-    const CImg<T>& display_object3d(const char *const title,
-				    const CImg<tp>& vertices,
-                                    const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-                                    const bool centering=true,
-                                    const int render_static=4, const int render_motion=1,
-                                    const bool is_double_sided=true, const float focale=700,
-                                    const float light_x=0, const float light_y=0, const float light_z=-5e8f,
-                                    const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f,
-                                    const bool display_axes=true, float *const pose_matrix=0) const {
-      return display_object3d(title,vertices,primitives,CImgList<T>(),centering,
-                              render_static,render_motion,is_double_sided,focale,
-                              light_x,light_y,light_z,specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
-                              display_axes,pose_matrix);
-    }
-
-    //! Display object 3d in an interactive window \simplification.
-    template<typename tp>
-    const CImg<T>& display_object3d(CImgDisplay &disp,
-                                    const CImg<tp>& vertices,
-                                    const bool centering=true,
-                                    const int render_static=4, const int render_motion=1,
-                                    const bool is_double_sided=true, const float focale=700,
-                                    const float light_x=0, const float light_y=0, const float light_z=-5e8f,
-                                    const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f,
-                                    const bool display_axes=true, float *const pose_matrix=0) const {
-      return display_object3d(disp,vertices,CImgList<uintT>(),centering,
-                              render_static,render_motion,is_double_sided,focale,
-                              light_x,light_y,light_z,specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
-                              display_axes,pose_matrix);
-    }
-
-    //! Display object 3d in an interactive window \simplification.
-    template<typename tp>
-    const CImg<T>& display_object3d(const char *const title,
-				    const CImg<tp>& vertices,
-                                    const bool centering=true,
-                                    const int render_static=4, const int render_motion=1,
-                                    const bool is_double_sided=true, const float focale=700,
-                                    const float light_x=0, const float light_y=0, const float light_z=-5e8f,
-                                    const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f,
-                                    const bool display_axes=true, float *const pose_matrix=0) const {
-      return display_object3d(title,vertices,CImgList<uintT>(),centering,
-                              render_static,render_motion,is_double_sided,focale,
-                              light_x,light_y,light_z,specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
-                              display_axes,pose_matrix);
-    }
-
-    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to>
-    const CImg<T>& _display_object3d(CImgDisplay& disp, const char *const title,
-				     const CImg<tp>& vertices,
-				     const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
-				     const CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                                     const to& opacities,
-				     const bool centering,
-				     const int render_static, const int render_motion,
-				     const bool is_double_sided, const float focale,
-                                     const float light_x, const float light_y, const float light_z,
-				     const float specular_lightness, const float specular_shininess,
-				     const bool display_axes, float *const pose_matrix) const {
-      typedef typename cimg::superset<tp,float>::type tpfloat;
-
-      // Check input arguments
-      if (is_empty()) {
-	if (disp) return CImg<T>(disp.width(),disp.height(),1,(colors && colors[0].size()==1)?1:3,0).
-		    _display_object3d(disp,title,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,centering,
-                                      render_static,render_motion,is_double_sided,focale,
-                                      light_x,light_y,light_z,specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
-                                      display_axes,pose_matrix);
-	else return CImg<T>(1,2,1,1,64,128).resize(cimg_fitscreen(CImgDisplay::screen_width()/2,
-                                                                  CImgDisplay::screen_height()/2,1),
-                                                   1,(colors && colors[0].size()==1)?1:3,3).
-               _display_object3d(disp,title,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,centering,
-				 render_static,render_motion,is_double_sided,focale,
-                                 light_x,light_y,light_z,specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
-				 display_axes,pose_matrix);
-      } else { if (disp) disp.resize(*this,false); }
-      char error_message[1024] = { 0 };
-      if (!vertices.is_object3d(primitives,colors,opacities,true,error_message))
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "display_object3d(): Invalid specified 3d object (%u,%u) (%s).",
-                                    cimg_instance,vertices._width,primitives._width,error_message);
-      if (vertices._width && !primitives) {
-        CImgList<tf> nprimitives(vertices._width,1,1,1,1);
-        cimglist_for(nprimitives,l) nprimitives(l,0) = l;
-        return _display_object3d(disp,title,vertices,nprimitives,colors,opacities,centering,
-				 render_static,render_motion,is_double_sided,focale,
-                                 light_x,light_y,light_z,specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
-				 display_axes,pose_matrix);
-      }
-      if (!disp) {
-	disp.assign(cimg_fitscreen(_width,_height,_depth),title?title:0,3);
-        if (!title) disp.set_title("CImg<%s> (%u vertices, %u primitives)",
-                                   pixel_type(),vertices._width,primitives._width);
-      } else if (title) disp.set_title("%s",title);
-
-      // Init 3d objects and compute object statistics
-      CImg<floatT>
-        pose,
-        rotated_vertices(vertices._width,3),
-        bbox_vertices, rotated_bbox_vertices,
-        axes_vertices, rotated_axes_vertices,
-        bbox_opacities, axes_opacities;
-      CImgList<uintT> bbox_primitives, axes_primitives;
-      CImgList<tf> reverse_primitives;
-      CImgList<T> bbox_colors, bbox_colors2, axes_colors;
-      unsigned int ns_width = 0, ns_height = 0;
-      int _is_double_sided = (int)is_double_sided;
-      bool ndisplay_axes = display_axes;
-      const CImg<T>
-        background_color(1,1,1,_spectrum,0),
-        foreground_color(1,1,1,_spectrum,255);
-      float
-        Xoff = 0, Yoff = 0, Zoff = 0, sprite_scale = 1,
-        xm = 0, xM = vertices?vertices.get_shared_row(0).max_min(xm):0,
-        ym = 0, yM = vertices?vertices.get_shared_row(1).max_min(ym):0,
-        zm = 0, zM = vertices?vertices.get_shared_row(2).max_min(zm):0;
-      const float delta = cimg::max(xM-xm,yM-ym,zM-zm);
-
-      rotated_bbox_vertices = bbox_vertices.assign(8,3,1,1,
-                                                   xm,xM,xM,xm,xm,xM,xM,xm,
-                                                   ym,ym,yM,yM,ym,ym,yM,yM,
-                                                   zm,zm,zm,zm,zM,zM,zM,zM);
-      bbox_primitives.assign(6,1,4,1,1, 0,3,2,1, 4,5,6,7, 1,2,6,5, 0,4,7,3, 0,1,5,4, 2,3,7,6);
-      bbox_colors.assign(6,_spectrum,1,1,1,background_color[0]);
-      bbox_colors2.assign(6,_spectrum,1,1,1,foreground_color[0]);
-      bbox_opacities.assign(bbox_colors._width,1,1,1,0.3f);
-
-      rotated_axes_vertices = axes_vertices.assign(7,3,1,1,
-                                                   0,20,0,0,22,-6,-6,
-                                                   0,0,20,0,-6,22,-6,
-                                                   0,0,0,20,0,0,22);
-      axes_opacities.assign(3,1,1,1,1);
-      axes_colors.assign(3,_spectrum,1,1,1,foreground_color[0]);
-      axes_primitives.assign(3,1,2,1,1, 0,1, 0,2, 0,3);
-
-      // Begin user interaction loop
-      CImg<T> visu0(*this), visu;
-      CImg<tpfloat> zbuffer(visu0.width(),visu0.height(),1,1,0);
-      bool init_pose = true, clicked = false, redraw = true;
-      unsigned int key = 0;
-      int
-        x0 = 0, y0 = 0, x1 = 0, y1 = 0,
-        nrender_static = render_static,
-        nrender_motion = render_motion;
-      disp.show().flush();
-
-      while (!disp.is_closed() && !key) {
-
-        // Init object pose
-        if (init_pose) {
-          const float
-            ratio = delta>0?(2.0f*cimg::min(disp.width(),disp.height())/(3.0f*delta)):1,
-            dx = (xM + xm)/2, dy = (yM + ym)/2, dz = (zM + zm)/2;
-          if (centering)
-            CImg<floatT>(4,3,1,1, ratio,0.,0.,-ratio*dx, 0.,ratio,0.,-ratio*dy, 0.,0.,ratio,-ratio*dz).move_to(pose);
-          else CImg<floatT>(4,3,1,1, 1,0,0,0, 0,1,0,0, 0,0,1,0).move_to(pose);
-          if (pose_matrix) {
-            CImg<floatT> pose0(pose_matrix,4,3,1,1,false);
-            pose0.resize(4,4,1,1,0); pose.resize(4,4,1,1,0);
-            pose0(3,3) = pose(3,3) = 1;
-            (pose0*pose).get_crop(0,0,3,2).move_to(pose);
-            Xoff = pose_matrix[12]; Yoff = pose_matrix[13]; Zoff = pose_matrix[14]; sprite_scale = pose_matrix[15];
-          } else { Xoff = Yoff = Zoff = 0; sprite_scale = 1; }
-          init_pose = false;
-          redraw = true;
-        }
-
-        // Rotate and draw 3d object
-        if (redraw) {
-          const float
-            r00 = pose(0,0), r10 = pose(1,0), r20 = pose(2,0), r30 = pose(3,0),
-            r01 = pose(0,1), r11 = pose(1,1), r21 = pose(2,1), r31 = pose(3,1),
-            r02 = pose(0,2), r12 = pose(1,2), r22 = pose(2,2), r32 = pose(3,2);
-          if ((clicked && nrender_motion>=0) || (!clicked && nrender_static>=0))
-            cimg_forX(vertices,l) {
-              const float x = (float)vertices(l,0), y = (float)vertices(l,1), z = (float)vertices(l,2);
-              rotated_vertices(l,0) = r00*x + r10*y + r20*z + r30;
-              rotated_vertices(l,1) = r01*x + r11*y + r21*z + r31;
-              rotated_vertices(l,2) = r02*x + r12*y + r22*z + r32;
-            }
-          else cimg_forX(bbox_vertices,l) {
-              const float x = bbox_vertices(l,0), y = bbox_vertices(l,1), z = bbox_vertices(l,2);
-              rotated_bbox_vertices(l,0) = r00*x + r10*y + r20*z + r30;
-              rotated_bbox_vertices(l,1) = r01*x + r11*y + r21*z + r31;
-              rotated_bbox_vertices(l,2) = r02*x + r12*y + r22*z + r32;
-            }
-
-          // Draw objects
-#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
-          const bool render_with_zbuffer = true;
-#else
-          const bool render_with_zbuffer = !clicked && nrender_static>0;
-#endif
-          visu = visu0;
-          if ((clicked && nrender_motion<0) || (!clicked && nrender_static<0))
-            visu.draw_object3d(Xoff + visu._width/2.0f,Yoff + visu._height/2.0f,Zoff,
-                               rotated_bbox_vertices,bbox_primitives,bbox_colors,bbox_opacities,2,false,focale).
-              draw_object3d(Xoff + visu._width/2.0f,Yoff + visu._height/2.0f,Zoff,
-                            rotated_bbox_vertices,bbox_primitives,bbox_colors2,1,false,focale);
-          else visu._draw_object3d((void*)0,render_with_zbuffer?zbuffer.fill(0):CImg<tpfloat>::empty(),
-                                   Xoff + visu._width/2.0f,Yoff + visu._height/2.0f,Zoff,
-                                   rotated_vertices,reverse_primitives?reverse_primitives:primitives,
-                                   colors,opacities,clicked?nrender_motion:nrender_static,_is_double_sided==1,focale,
-                                   width()/2.0f+light_x,height()/2.0f+light_y,light_z+Zoff,
-                                   specular_lightness,specular_shininess,sprite_scale);
-          // Draw axes
-          if (ndisplay_axes) {
-            const float
-              n = (float)std::sqrt(1e-8 + r00*r00 + r01*r01 + r02*r02),
-              _r00 = r00/n, _r10 = r10/n, _r20 = r20/n,
-              _r01 = r01/n, _r11 = r11/n, _r21 = r21/n,
-              _r02 = r01/n, _r12 = r12/n, _r22 = r22/n,
-              Xaxes = 25, Yaxes = visu._height - 38.0f;
-            cimg_forX(axes_vertices,l) {
-              const float
-                x = axes_vertices(l,0),
-                y = axes_vertices(l,1),
-                z = axes_vertices(l,2);
-              rotated_axes_vertices(l,0) = _r00*x + _r10*y + _r20*z;
-              rotated_axes_vertices(l,1) = _r01*x + _r11*y + _r21*z;
-              rotated_axes_vertices(l,2) = _r02*x + _r12*y + _r22*z;
-            }
-            axes_opacities(0,0) = (rotated_axes_vertices(1,2)>0)?0.5f:1.0f;
-            axes_opacities(1,0) = (rotated_axes_vertices(2,2)>0)?0.5f:1.0f;
-            axes_opacities(2,0) = (rotated_axes_vertices(3,2)>0)?0.5f:1.0f;
-            visu.draw_object3d(Xaxes,Yaxes,0,rotated_axes_vertices,axes_primitives,
-                               axes_colors,axes_opacities,1,false,focale).
-              draw_text((int)(Xaxes+rotated_axes_vertices(4,0)),
-                        (int)(Yaxes+rotated_axes_vertices(4,1)),
-                        "X",axes_colors[0]._data,0,axes_opacities(0,0),13).
-              draw_text((int)(Xaxes+rotated_axes_vertices(5,0)),
-                        (int)(Yaxes+rotated_axes_vertices(5,1)),
-                        "Y",axes_colors[1]._data,0,axes_opacities(1,0),13).
-              draw_text((int)(Xaxes+rotated_axes_vertices(6,0)),
-                        (int)(Yaxes+rotated_axes_vertices(6,1)),
-                        "Z",axes_colors[2]._data,0,axes_opacities(2,0),13);
-          }
-          visu.display(disp);
-          if (!clicked || nrender_motion==nrender_static) redraw = false;
-        }
-
-        // Handle user interaction
-        disp.wait();
-        if ((disp.button() || disp.wheel()) && disp.mouse_x()>=0 && disp.mouse_y()>=0) {
-          redraw = true;
-          if (!clicked) { x0 = x1 = disp.mouse_x(); y0 = y1 = disp.mouse_y(); if (!disp.wheel()) clicked = true; }
-          else { x1 = disp.mouse_x(); y1 = disp.mouse_y(); }
-          if (disp.button()&1) {
-            const float
-              R = 0.45f*cimg::min(disp.width(),disp.height()),
-              R2 = R*R,
-              u0 = (float)(x0-disp.width()/2),
-              v0 = (float)(y0-disp.height()/2),
-              u1 = (float)(x1-disp.width()/2),
-              v1 = (float)(y1-disp.height()/2),
-              n0 = (float)std::sqrt(u0*u0+v0*v0),
-              n1 = (float)std::sqrt(u1*u1+v1*v1),
-              nu0 = n0>R?(u0*R/n0):u0,
-              nv0 = n0>R?(v0*R/n0):v0,
-              nw0 = (float)std::sqrt(cimg::max(0,R2-nu0*nu0-nv0*nv0)),
-              nu1 = n1>R?(u1*R/n1):u1,
-              nv1 = n1>R?(v1*R/n1):v1,
-              nw1 = (float)std::sqrt(cimg::max(0,R2-nu1*nu1-nv1*nv1)),
-              u = nv0*nw1-nw0*nv1,
-              v = nw0*nu1-nu0*nw1,
-              w = nv0*nu1-nu0*nv1,
-              n = (float)std::sqrt(u*u+v*v+w*w),
-              alpha = (float)std::asin(n/R2);
-            (CImg<floatT>::rotation_matrix(u,v,w,alpha)*pose).move_to(pose);
-            x0 = x1; y0 = y1;
-          }
-          if (disp.button()&2) {
-            if (focale>0) Zoff-=(y0-y1)*focale/400;
-            else { const float s = std::exp((y0-y1)/400.0f); pose*=s; sprite_scale*=s; }
-            x0 = x1; y0 = y1;
-          }
-          if (disp.wheel()) {
-            if (focale>0) Zoff-=disp.wheel()*focale/20;
-            else { const float s = std::exp(disp.wheel()/20.0f); pose*=s; sprite_scale*=s; }
-            disp.set_wheel();
-          }
-          if (disp.button()&4) { Xoff+=(x1-x0); Yoff+=(y1-y0); x0 = x1; y0 = y1; }
-          if ((disp.button()&1) && (disp.button()&2)) {
-            init_pose = true; disp.set_button(); x0 = x1; y0 = y1;
-            pose = CImg<floatT>(4,3,1,1, 1,0,0,0, 0,1,0,0, 0,0,1,0);
-          }
-        } else if (clicked) { x0 = x1; y0 = y1; clicked = false; redraw = true; }
-
-        switch (key = disp.key()) {
-#if cimg_OS!=2
-        case cimg::keyCTRLRIGHT :
-#endif
-        case 0 : case cimg::keyCTRLLEFT : key = 0; break;
-        case cimg::keyD: if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            disp.set_fullscreen(false).
-              resize(CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(3*disp.width()/2,3*disp.height()/2,1,128,-100,false),
-                     CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(3*disp.width()/2,3*disp.height()/2,1,128,-100,true),false).
-              _is_resized = true;
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyC : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            disp.set_fullscreen(false).
-              resize(cimg_fitscreen(2*disp.width()/3,2*disp.height()/3,1),false)._is_resized = true;
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyR : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            disp.set_fullscreen(false).resize(cimg_fitscreen(_width,_height,_depth),false)._is_resized = true;
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyF : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            if (!ns_width || !ns_height ||
-                ns_width>(unsigned int)disp.screen_width() || ns_height>(unsigned int)disp.screen_height()) {
-              ns_width = disp.screen_width()*3U/4;
-              ns_height = disp.screen_height()*3U/4;
-            }
-            if (disp.is_fullscreen()) disp.resize(ns_width,ns_height,false);
-            else {
-              ns_width = (unsigned int)disp.width(); ns_height = disp.height();
-              disp.resize(disp.screen_width(),disp.screen_height(),false);
-            }
-            disp.toggle_fullscreen()._is_resized = true;
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyT : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            // Switch single/double-sided primitives.
-            if (--_is_double_sided==-2) _is_double_sided = 1;
-            if (_is_double_sided>=0) reverse_primitives.assign();
-            else primitives.get_reverse_object3d().move_to(reverse_primitives);
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; redraw = true;
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyZ : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Enable/disable Z-buffer
-            if (zbuffer) zbuffer.assign();
-            else zbuffer.assign(visu0.width(),visu0.height(),1,1,0);
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; redraw = true;
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyA : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Show/hide 3d axes.
-            ndisplay_axes = !ndisplay_axes;
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; redraw = true;
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyF1 : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Set rendering mode to points.
-            nrender_motion = (nrender_static==0 && nrender_motion!=0)?0:-1; nrender_static = 0;
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; redraw = true;
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyF2 : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Set rendering mode to lines.
-            nrender_motion = (nrender_static==1 && nrender_motion!=1)?1:-1; nrender_static = 1;
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; redraw = true;
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyF3 : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Set rendering mode to flat.
-            nrender_motion = (nrender_static==2 && nrender_motion!=2)?2:-1; nrender_static = 2;
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; redraw = true;
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyF4 : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Set rendering mode to flat-shaded.
-            nrender_motion = (nrender_static==3 && nrender_motion!=3)?3:-1; nrender_static = 3;
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; redraw = true;
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyF5 : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            // Set rendering mode to gouraud-shaded.
-            nrender_motion = (nrender_static==4 && nrender_motion!=4)?4:-1; nrender_static = 4;
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; redraw = true;
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyF6 : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Set rendering mode to phong-shaded.
-            nrender_motion = (nrender_static==5 && nrender_motion!=5)?5:-1; nrender_static = 5;
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; redraw = true;
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyS : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Save snapshot
-            static unsigned int snap_number = 0;
-            char filename[32] = { 0 };
-            std::FILE *file;
-            do {
-              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.bmp",snap_number++);
-              if ((file=std::fopen(filename,"r"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-            } while (file);
-            (+visu).draw_text(0,0," Saving snapshot... ",
-                              foreground_color._data,background_color._data,0.7f,13).display(disp);
-            visu.save(filename);
-            (+visu).draw_text(0,0," Snapshot '%s' saved. ",
-                              foreground_color._data,background_color._data,0.7f,13,filename).display(disp);
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyG : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Save object as a .off file
-            static unsigned int snap_number = 0;
-            char filename[32] = { 0 };
-            std::FILE *file;
-            do {
-              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.off",snap_number++);
-              if ((file=std::fopen(filename,"r"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-            } while (file);
-            (+visu).draw_text(0,0," Saving object... ",
-                              foreground_color._data,background_color._data,0.7f,13).display(disp);
-            vertices.save_off(reverse_primitives?reverse_primitives:primitives,colors,filename);
-            (+visu).draw_text(0,0," Object '%s' saved. ",
-                              foreground_color._data,background_color._data,0.7f,13,filename).display(disp);
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyO : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Save object as a .cimg file
-            static unsigned int snap_number = 0;
-            char filename[32] = { 0 };
-            std::FILE *file;
-            do {
-#ifdef cimg_use_zlib
-              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.cimgz",snap_number++);
-#else
-              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.cimg",snap_number++);
-#endif
-              if ((file=std::fopen(filename,"r"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-            } while (file);
-            (+visu).draw_text(0,0," Saving object... ",
-                              foreground_color._data,background_color._data,0.7f,13).display(disp);
-            vertices.get_object3dtoCImg3d(reverse_primitives?reverse_primitives:primitives,colors,opacities).
-              save(filename);
-            (+visu).draw_text(0,0," Object '%s' saved. ",
-                              foreground_color._data,background_color._data,0.7f,13,filename).display(disp);
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
-          } break;
-#ifdef cimg_use_board
-        case cimg::keyP : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Save object as a .EPS file
-            static unsigned int snap_number = 0;
-            char filename[32] = { 0 };
-            std::FILE *file;
-            do {
-              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.eps",snap_number++);
-              if ((file=std::fopen(filename,"r"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-            } while (file);
-            (+visu).draw_text(0,0," Saving EPS snapshot... ",
-                              foreground_color._data,background_color._data,0.7f,13).display(disp);
-            LibBoard::Board board;
-            (+visu)._draw_object3d(&board,zbuffer.fill(0),
-                                   Xoff + visu._width/2.0f,Yoff + visu._height/2.0f,Zoff,
-                                   rotated_vertices,reverse_primitives?reverse_primitives:primitives,
-                                   colors,opacities,clicked?nrender_motion:nrender_static,
-                                   _is_double_sided==1,focale,
-                                   visu.width()/2.0f+light_x,visu.height()/2.0f+light_y,light_z+Zoff,
-                                   specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
-                                   sprite_scale);
-            board.saveEPS(filename);
-            (+visu).draw_text(0,0," Object '%s' saved. ",
-                              foreground_color._data,background_color._data,0.7f,13,filename).display(disp);
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyV : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Save object as a .SVG file
-            static unsigned int snap_number = 0;
-            char filename[32] = { 0 };
-            std::FILE *file;
-            do {
-              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.svg",snap_number++);
-              if ((file=std::fopen(filename,"r"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-            } while (file);
-            (+visu).draw_text(0,0," Saving SVG snapshot... ",
-                              foreground_color._data,background_color._data,0.7f,13).display(disp);
-            LibBoard::Board board;
-            (+visu)._draw_object3d(&board,zbuffer.fill(0),
-                                   Xoff + visu._width/2.0f,Yoff + visu._height/2.0f,Zoff,
-                                   rotated_vertices,reverse_primitives?reverse_primitives:primitives,
-                                   colors,opacities,clicked?nrender_motion:nrender_static,
-                                   _is_double_sided==1,focale,
-                                   visu.width()/2.0f+light_x,visu.height()/2.0f+light_y,light_z+Zoff,
-                                   specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
-                                   sprite_scale);
-            board.saveSVG(filename);
-            (+visu).draw_text(0,0," Object '%s' saved. ",
-                              foreground_color._data,background_color._data,0.7f,13,filename).display(disp);
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
-          } break;
-#endif
-        }
-        if (disp.is_resized()) {
-          disp.resize(false); visu0 = get_resize(disp,1);
-          if (zbuffer) zbuffer.assign(disp.width(),disp.height());
-          redraw = true;
-        }
-      }
-      if (pose_matrix) {
-        std::memcpy(pose_matrix,pose._data,12*sizeof(float));
-        pose_matrix[12] = Xoff; pose_matrix[13] = Yoff; pose_matrix[14] = Zoff; pose_matrix[15] = sprite_scale;
-      }
-      disp.set_button().set_key(key);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Display 1d graph in an interactive window.
-    /**
-       \param disp Display window.
-       \param plot_type Plot type. Can be <tt>{ 0=points | 1=segments | 2=splines | 3=bars }</tt>.
-       \param vertex_type Vertex type.
-       \param labelx Title for the horizontal axis, as a C-string.
-       \param xmin Minimum value along the X-axis.
-       \param xmax Maximum value along the X-axis.
-       \param labely Title for the vertical axis, as a C-string.
-       \param ymin Minimum value along the X-axis.
-       \param ymax Maximum value along the X-axis.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& display_graph(CImgDisplay &disp,
-                                 const unsigned int plot_type=1, const unsigned int vertex_type=1,
-                                 const char *const labelx=0, const double xmin=0, const double xmax=0,
-                                 const char *const labely=0, const double ymin=0, const double ymax=0) const {
-      return _display_graph(disp,0,plot_type,vertex_type,labelx,xmin,xmax,labely,ymin,ymax);
-    }
-
-    //! Display 1d graph in an interactive window \overloading.
-    const CImg<T>& display_graph(const char *const title=0,
-                                 const unsigned int plot_type=1, const unsigned int vertex_type=1,
-                                 const char *const labelx=0, const double xmin=0, const double xmax=0,
-                                 const char *const labely=0, const double ymin=0, const double ymax=0) const {
-      CImgDisplay disp;
-      return _display_graph(disp,title,plot_type,vertex_type,labelx,xmin,xmax,labely,ymin,ymax);
-    }
-
-    const CImg<T>& _display_graph(CImgDisplay &disp, const char *const title=0,
-                                 const unsigned int plot_type=1, const unsigned int vertex_type=1,
-                                 const char *const labelx=0, const double xmin=0, const double xmax=0,
-                                 const char *const labely=0, const double ymin=0, const double ymax=0) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "display_graph(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (!disp) disp.assign(cimg_fitscreen(CImgDisplay::screen_width()/2,CImgDisplay::screen_height()/2,1),0,0).
-                   set_title(title?"%s":"CImg<%s>",title?title:pixel_type());
-      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth, siz1 = cimg::max(1U,siz-1);
-      const unsigned int old_normalization = disp.normalization();
-      disp.show().flush()._normalization = 0;
-
-      double y0 = ymin, y1 = ymax, nxmin = xmin, nxmax = xmax;
-      if (nxmin==nxmax) { nxmin = 0; nxmax = siz1; }
-      int x0 = 0, x1 = width()*height()*depth() - 1, key = 0;
-
-      for (bool reset_view = true; !key && !disp.is_closed(); ) {
-        if (reset_view) { x0 = 0; x1 = width()*height()*depth()-1; y0 = ymin; y1 = ymax; reset_view = false; }
-        CImg<T> zoom(x1-x0+1,1,1,spectrum());
-        cimg_forC(*this,c) zoom.get_shared_channel(c) = CImg<T>(data(x0,0,0,c),x1-x0+1,1,1,1,true);
-        if (y0==y1) { y0 = zoom.min_max(y1); const double dy = y1 - y0; y0-=dy/20; y1+=dy/20; }
-        if (y0==y1) { --y0; ++y1; }
-
-        const CImg<intT> selection = zoom.get_select_graph(disp,plot_type,vertex_type,
-        					           labelx,
-                                                           nxmin + x0*(nxmax-nxmin)/siz1,
-                                                           nxmin + x1*(nxmax-nxmin)/siz1,
-                                                           labely,y0,y1);
-	const int mouse_x = disp.mouse_x(), mouse_y = disp.mouse_y();
-        if (selection[0]>=0) {
-          if (selection[2]<0) reset_view = true;
-          else {
-            x1 = x0 + selection[2]; x0+=selection[0];
-            if (selection[1]>=0 && selection[3]>=0) {
-              y0 = y1 - selection[3]*(y1-y0)/(disp.height()-32);
-              y1-=selection[1]*(y1-y0)/(disp.height()-32);
-            }
-          }
-        } else {
-          bool go_in = false, go_out = false, go_left = false, go_right = false, go_up = false, go_down = false;
-          switch (key = disp.key()) {
-          case cimg::keyHOME : reset_view = true; key = 0; disp.set_key(); break;
-          case cimg::keyPADADD : go_in = true; go_out = false; key = 0; disp.set_key(); break;
-          case cimg::keyPADSUB : go_out = true; go_in = false; key = 0; disp.set_key(); break;
-          case cimg::keyARROWLEFT : case cimg::keyPAD4 : go_left = true; go_right = false; key = 0; disp.set_key();
-            break;
-          case cimg::keyARROWRIGHT : case cimg::keyPAD6 : go_right = true; go_left = false; key = 0; disp.set_key();
-            break;
-          case cimg::keyARROWUP : case cimg::keyPAD8 : go_up = true; go_down = false; key = 0; disp.set_key(); break;
-          case cimg::keyARROWDOWN : case cimg::keyPAD2 : go_down = true; go_up = false; key = 0; disp.set_key(); break;
-          case cimg::keyPAD7 : go_left = true; go_up = true; key = 0; disp.set_key(); break;
-          case cimg::keyPAD9 : go_right = true; go_up = true; key = 0; disp.set_key(); break;
-          case cimg::keyPAD1 : go_left = true; go_down = true; key = 0; disp.set_key(); break;
-          case cimg::keyPAD3 : go_right = true; go_down = true; key = 0; disp.set_key(); break;
-          }
-          if (disp.wheel()) {
-            if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) go_out = !(go_in = disp.wheel()>0);
-            else if (disp.is_keySHIFTLEFT() || disp.is_keySHIFTRIGHT()) go_left = !(go_right = disp.wheel()>0);
-            else go_up = !(go_down = disp.wheel()<0);
-            key = 0;
-          }
-
-          if (go_in) {
-            const int
-              xsiz = x1 - x0,
-              mx = (mouse_x-16)*xsiz/(disp.width()-32),
-              cx = x0 + (mx<0?0:(mx>=xsiz?xsiz:mx));
-            if (x1-x0>4) {
-              x0 = cx - 7*(cx-x0)/8; x1 = cx + 7*(x1-cx)/8;
-              if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-                const double
-                  ysiz = y1 - y0,
-                  my = (mouse_y-16)*ysiz/(disp.height()-32),
-                  cy = y1 - (my<0?0:(my>=ysiz?ysiz:my));
-                y0 = cy - 7*(cy-y0)/8; y1 = cy + 7*(y1-cy)/8;
-              } else y0 = y1 = 0;
-            }
-          }
-          if (go_out) {
-            if (x0>0 || x1<(int)siz1) {
-              const int delta_x = (x1-x0)/8, ndelta_x = delta_x?delta_x:(siz>1?1:0);
-              const double ndelta_y = (y1-y0)/8;
-              x0-=ndelta_x; x1+=ndelta_x;
-              y0-=ndelta_y; y1+=ndelta_y;
-              if (x0<0) { x1-=x0; x0 = 0; if (x1>=(int)siz) x1 = (int)siz1; }
-              if (x1>=(int)siz) { x0-=(x1-siz1); x1 = (int)siz1; if (x0<0) x0 = 0; }
-            }
-          }
-          if (go_left) {
-            const int delta = (x1-x0)/5, ndelta = delta?delta:1;
-            if (x0-ndelta>=0) { x0-=ndelta; x1-=ndelta; }
-            else { x1-=x0; x0 = 0; }
-            go_left = false;
-          }
-          if (go_right) {
-            const int delta = (x1-x0)/5, ndelta = delta?delta:1;
-            if (x1+ndelta<(int)siz) { x0+=ndelta; x1+=ndelta; }
-            else { x0+=(siz1-x1); x1 = siz1; }
-            go_right = false;
-          }
-          if (go_up) {
-            const double delta = (y1-y0)/10, ndelta = delta?delta:1;
-            y0+=ndelta; y1+=ndelta;
-            go_up = false;
-          }
-          if (go_down) {
-            const double delta = (y1-y0)/10, ndelta = delta?delta:1;
-            y0-=ndelta; y1-=ndelta;
-            go_down = false;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      disp._normalization = old_normalization;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \param number When positive, represents an index added to the filename. Otherwise, no number is added.
-       \param digits Number of digits used for adding the number to the filename.
-       \note
-       - The used file format is defined by the file extension in the filename \p filename.
-       - Parameter \p number can be used to add a 6-digit number to the filename before saving.
-
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save(const char *const filename, const int number=-1, const unsigned int digits=6) const {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      // Do not test for empty instances, since .cimg format is able to manage empty instances.
-      const bool is_stdout = *filename=='-' && (!filename[1] || filename[1]=='.');
-      const char *const ext = cimg::split_filename(filename);
-      char nfilename[1024] = { 0 };
-      const char *const fn = is_stdout?filename:(number>=0)?cimg::number_filename(filename,number,digits,nfilename):
-        filename;
-
-#ifdef cimg_save_plugin
-      cimg_save_plugin(fn);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_save_plugin1
-      cimg_save_plugin1(fn);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_save_plugin2
-      cimg_save_plugin2(fn);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_save_plugin3
-      cimg_save_plugin3(fn);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_save_plugin4
-      cimg_save_plugin4(fn);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_save_plugin5
-      cimg_save_plugin5(fn);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_save_plugin6
-      cimg_save_plugin6(fn);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_save_plugin7
-      cimg_save_plugin7(fn);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimg_save_plugin8
-      cimg_save_plugin8(fn);
-#endif
-      // Ascii formats
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"asc")) return save_ascii(fn);
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"dlm") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"txt")) return save_dlm(fn);
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"cpp") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"hpp") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"h") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"c")) return save_cpp(fn);
-
-      // 2d binary formats
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"bmp")) return save_bmp(fn);
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"jpg") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"jpeg") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"jpe") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"jfif") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"jif")) return save_jpeg(fn);
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"rgb")) return save_rgb(fn);
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"rgba")) return save_rgba(fn);
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"png")) return save_png(fn);
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pgm") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ppm") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pnm")) return save_pnm(fn);
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pnk")) return save_pnk(fn);
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pfm")) return save_pfm(fn);
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"exr")) return save_exr(fn);
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"tif") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"tiff")) return save_tiff(fn);
-
-      // 3d binary formats
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"cimgz")) return save_cimg(fn,true);
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"cimg") || !*ext) return save_cimg(fn,false);
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"dcm")) return save_medcon_external(fn);
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"hdr") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"nii")) return save_analyze(fn);
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"inr")) return save_inr(fn);
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mnc")) return save_minc2(fn);
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pan")) return save_pandore(fn);
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"raw")) return save_raw(fn);
-
-      // Archive files
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"gz")) return save_gzip_external(fn);
-
-      // Image sequences
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"yuv")) return save_yuv(fn,true);
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"avi") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mov") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"asf") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"divx") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"flv") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpg") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m1v") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m2v") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m4v") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mjp") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mp4") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mkv") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpe") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"movie") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogm") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogg") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogv") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"qt") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"rm") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"vob") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"wmv") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"xvid") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpeg")) return save_ffmpeg(fn);
-      return save_other(fn);
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as an ascii file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_ascii(const char *const filename) const {
-      return _save_ascii(0,filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as an ascii file \overloading.
-    const CImg<T>& save_ascii(std::FILE *const file) const {
-      return _save_ascii(file,0);
-    }
-
-    const CImg<T>& _save_ascii(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) const {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_ascii(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"w");
-      std::fprintf(nfile,"%u %u %u %u\n",_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-      const T* ptrs = _data;
-      cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-        cimg_forX(*this,x) std::fprintf(nfile,"%.16g ",(double)*(ptrs++));
-        std::fputc('\n',nfile);
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a .cpp source file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_cpp(const char *const filename) const {
-      return _save_cpp(0,filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a .cpp source file \overloading.
-    const CImg<T>& save_cpp(std::FILE *const file) const {
-      return _save_cpp(file,0);
-    }
-
-    const CImg<T>& _save_cpp(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) const {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_cpp(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"w");
-      char varname[1024] = { 0 };
-      if (filename) std::sscanf(cimg::basename(filename),"%1023[a-zA-Z0-9_]",varname);
-      if (!*varname) cimg_snprintf(varname,sizeof(varname),"unnamed");
-      std::fprintf(nfile,
-                   "/* Define image '%s' of size %ux%ux%ux%u and type '%s' */\n"
-                   "%s data_%s[] = { %s\n  ",
-                   varname,_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,pixel_type(),pixel_type(),varname,
-                   is_empty()?"};":"");
-      if (!is_empty()) for (unsigned long off = 0, siz = size()-1; off<=siz; ++off) {
-        std::fprintf(nfile,cimg::type<T>::format(),cimg::type<T>::format((*this)[off]));
-        if (off==siz) std::fprintf(nfile," };\n");
-        else if (!((off+1)%16)) std::fprintf(nfile,",\n  ");
-        else std::fprintf(nfile,", ");
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a DLM file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_dlm(const char *const filename) const {
-      return _save_dlm(0,filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a DLM file \overloading.
-    const CImg<T>& save_dlm(std::FILE *const file) const {
-      return _save_dlm(file,0);
-    }
-
-    const CImg<T>& _save_dlm(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) const {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_dlm(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
-      if (_depth>1)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "save_dlm(): Instance is volumetric, values along Z will be unrolled in file '%s'.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      if (_spectrum>1)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "save_dlm(): Instance is multispectral, values along C will be unrolled in file '%s'.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"w");
-      const T* ptrs = _data;
-      cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
-        cimg_forX(*this,x) std::fprintf(nfile,"%.16g%s",(double)*(ptrs++),(x==width()-1)?"":",");
-        std::fputc('\n',nfile);
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a BMP file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_bmp(const char *const filename) const {
-      return _save_bmp(0,filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a BMP file \overloading.
-    const CImg<T>& save_bmp(std::FILE *const file) const {
-      return _save_bmp(file,0);
-    }
-
-    const CImg<T>& _save_bmp(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) const {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_bmp(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
-      if (_depth>1)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "save_bmp(): Instance is volumetric, only the first slice will be saved in file '%s'.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      if (_spectrum>3)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "save_bmp(): Instance is multispectral, only the three first channels will be saved in file '%s'.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
-      unsigned char header[54] = { 0 }, align_buf[4] = { 0 };
-      const unsigned int
-        align = (4 - (3*_width)%4)%4,
-        buf_size = (3*_width + align)*height(),
-        file_size = 54 + buf_size;
-      header[0] = 'B'; header[1] = 'M';
-      header[0x02] = file_size&0xFF;
-      header[0x03] = (file_size>>8)&0xFF;
-      header[0x04] = (file_size>>16)&0xFF;
-      header[0x05] = (file_size>>24)&0xFF;
-      header[0x0A] = 0x36;
-      header[0x0E] = 0x28;
-      header[0x12] = _width&0xFF;
-      header[0x13] = (_width>>8)&0xFF;
-      header[0x14] = (_width>>16)&0xFF;
-      header[0x15] = (_width>>24)&0xFF;
-      header[0x16] = _height&0xFF;
-      header[0x17] = (_height>>8)&0xFF;
-      header[0x18] = (_height>>16)&0xFF;
-      header[0x19] = (_height>>24)&0xFF;
-      header[0x1A] = 1;
-      header[0x1B] = 0;
-      header[0x1C] = 24;
-      header[0x1D] = 0;
-      header[0x22] = buf_size&0xFF;
-      header[0x23] = (buf_size>>8)&0xFF;
-      header[0x24] = (buf_size>>16)&0xFF;
-      header[0x25] = (buf_size>>24)&0xFF;
-      header[0x27] = 0x1;
-      header[0x2B] = 0x1;
-      cimg::fwrite(header,54,nfile);
-
-      const T
-        *ptr_r = data(0,_height-1,0,0),
-        *ptr_g = (_spectrum>=2)?data(0,_height-1,0,1):0,
-        *ptr_b = (_spectrum>=3)?data(0,_height-1,0,2):0;
-
-      switch (_spectrum) {
-      case 1 : {
-        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)*(ptr_r++);
-            std::fputc(val,nfile); std::fputc(val,nfile); std::fputc(val,nfile);
-          }
-          cimg::fwrite(align_buf,align,nfile);
-          ptr_r-=2*_width;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 2 : {
-        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            std::fputc(0,nfile);
-            std::fputc((unsigned char)(*(ptr_g++)),nfile);
-            std::fputc((unsigned char)(*(ptr_r++)),nfile);
-          }
-          cimg::fwrite(align_buf,align,nfile);
-          ptr_r-=2*_width; ptr_g-=2*_width;
-        }
-      } break;
-      default : {
-        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            std::fputc((unsigned char)(*(ptr_b++)),nfile);
-            std::fputc((unsigned char)(*(ptr_g++)),nfile);
-            std::fputc((unsigned char)(*(ptr_r++)),nfile);
-          }
-          cimg::fwrite(align_buf,align,nfile);
-          ptr_r-=2*_width; ptr_g-=2*_width; ptr_b-=2*_width;
-        }
-      }
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a JPEG file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-      \param quality Image quality (in %)
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_jpeg(const char *const filename, const unsigned int quality=100) const {
-      return _save_jpeg(0,filename,quality);
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a JPEG file \overloading.
-    const CImg<T>& save_jpeg(std::FILE *const file, const unsigned int quality=100) const {
-      return _save_jpeg(file,0,quality);
-    }
-
-    const CImg<T>& _save_jpeg(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename, const unsigned int quality) const {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_jpeg(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
-      if (_depth>1)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "save_jpeg(): Instance is volumetric, only the first slice will be saved in file '%s'.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-#ifndef cimg_use_jpeg
-      if (!file) return save_other(filename,quality);
-      else throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                                 "save_jpeg(): Unable to save data in '(*FILE)' unless libjpeg is enabled.",
-                                 cimg_instance);
-#else
-      unsigned int dimbuf = 0;
-      J_COLOR_SPACE colortype = JCS_RGB;
-
-      switch(_spectrum) {
-      case 1 : dimbuf = 1; colortype = JCS_GRAYSCALE; break;
-      case 2 : dimbuf = 3; colortype = JCS_RGB; break;
-      case 3 : dimbuf = 3; colortype = JCS_RGB; break;
-      default : dimbuf = 4; colortype = JCS_CMYK; break;
-      }
-
-      // Call libjpeg functions
-      struct jpeg_compress_struct cinfo;
-      struct jpeg_error_mgr jerr;
-      cinfo.err = jpeg_std_error(&jerr);
-      jpeg_create_compress(&cinfo);
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
-      jpeg_stdio_dest(&cinfo,nfile);
-      cinfo.image_width = _width;
-      cinfo.image_height = _height;
-      cinfo.input_components = dimbuf;
-      cinfo.in_color_space = colortype;
-      jpeg_set_defaults(&cinfo);
-      jpeg_set_quality(&cinfo,quality<100?quality:100,TRUE);
-      jpeg_start_compress(&cinfo,TRUE);
-
-      JSAMPROW row_pointer[1];
-      CImg<ucharT> buffer((unsigned long)_width*dimbuf);
-
-      while (cinfo.next_scanline<cinfo.image_height) {
-        unsigned char *ptrd = buffer._data;
-
-        // Fill pixel buffer
-        switch (_spectrum) {
-        case 1 : { // Greyscale images
-          const T *ptr_g = data(0, cinfo.next_scanline);
-          for(unsigned int b = 0; b < cinfo.image_width; b++)
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_g++);
-        } break;
-        case 2 : { // RG images
-          const T *ptr_r = data(0,cinfo.next_scanline,0,0),
-            *ptr_g = data(0,cinfo.next_scanline,0,1);
-          for(unsigned int b = 0; b < cinfo.image_width; ++b) {
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_r++);
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_g++);
-            *(ptrd++) = 0;
-          }
-        } break;
-        case 3 : { // RGB images
-          const T *ptr_r = data(0,cinfo.next_scanline,0,0),
-            *ptr_g = data(0,cinfo.next_scanline,0,1),
-            *ptr_b = data(0,cinfo.next_scanline,0,2);
-          for(unsigned int b = 0; b < cinfo.image_width; ++b) {
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_r++);
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_g++);
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_b++);
-          }
-        } break;
-        default : { // CMYK images
-          const T *ptr_r = data(0,cinfo.next_scanline,0,0),
-            *ptr_g = data(0,cinfo.next_scanline,0,1),
-            *ptr_b = data(0,cinfo.next_scanline,0,2),
-            *ptr_a = data(0,cinfo.next_scanline,0,3);
-          for(unsigned int b = 0; b < cinfo.image_width; ++b) {
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_r++);
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_g++);
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_b++);
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_a++);
-          }
-        }
-        }
-        *row_pointer = buffer._data;
-        jpeg_write_scanlines(&cinfo,row_pointer,1);
-      }
-      jpeg_finish_compress(&cinfo);
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      jpeg_destroy_compress(&cinfo);
-      return *this;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    //! Save image, using built-in ImageMagick++ library.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-      \param bytes_per_pixel Force the number of bytes per pixel for the saving, when possible.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_magick(const char *const filename, const unsigned int bytes_per_pixel=0) const {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_magick(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
-
-#ifdef cimg_use_magick
-      double stmin, stmax = (double)max_min(stmin);
-      if (_depth>1)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "save_magick(): Instance is volumetric, only the first slice will be saved in file '%s'.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   filename);
-
-      if (_spectrum>3)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "save_magick(): Instance is multispectral, only the three first channels will be "
-                   "saved in file '%s'.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   filename);
-
-      if (stmin<0 || (bytes_per_pixel==1 && stmax>=256) || stmax>=65536)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "save_magick(): Instance has pixel values in [%g,%g], probable type overflow in file '%s'.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   filename,stmin,stmax);
-
-      Magick::Image image(Magick::Geometry(_width,_height),"black");
-      image.type(Magick::TrueColorType);
-      image.depth(bytes_per_pixel?(8*bytes_per_pixel):(stmax>=256?16:8));
-      const T
-        *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0),
-        *ptr_g = _spectrum>1?data(0,0,0,1):0,
-        *ptr_b = _spectrum>2?data(0,0,0,2):0;
-      Magick::PixelPacket *pixels = image.getPixels(0,0,_width,_height);
-      switch (_spectrum) {
-      case 1 : // Scalar images
-        for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)_width*_height; off; --off) {
-          pixels->red = pixels->green = pixels->blue = (Magick::Quantum)*(ptr_r++);
-          ++pixels;
-        }
-        break;
-      case 2 : // RG images
-        for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)_width*_height; off; --off) {
-          pixels->red = (Magick::Quantum)*(ptr_r++);
-          pixels->green = (Magick::Quantum)*(ptr_g++);
-          pixels->blue = 0; ++pixels;
-        }
-        break;
-      default : // RGB images
-        for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)_width*_height; off; --off) {
-          pixels->red = (Magick::Quantum)*(ptr_r++);
-          pixels->green = (Magick::Quantum)*(ptr_g++);
-          pixels->blue = (Magick::Quantum)*(ptr_b++);
-          ++pixels;
-        }
-      }
-      image.syncPixels();
-      image.write(filename);
-      return *this;
-#else
-      cimg::unused(bytes_per_pixel);
-      throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                            "save_magick(): Unable to save file '%s' unless libMagick++ is enabled.",
-                            cimg_instance,
-                            filename);
-#endif
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a PNG file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \param bytes_per_pixel Force the number of bytes per pixels for the saving, when possible.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_png(const char *const filename, const unsigned int bytes_per_pixel=0) const {
-      return _save_png(0,filename,bytes_per_pixel);
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a PNG file \overloading.
-    const CImg<T>& save_png(std::FILE *const file, const unsigned int bytes_per_pixel=0) const {
-      return _save_png(file,0,bytes_per_pixel);
-    }
-
-    const CImg<T>& _save_png(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename,
-                             const unsigned int bytes_per_pixel=0) const {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_png(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
-
-#ifndef cimg_use_png
-      cimg::unused(bytes_per_pixel);
-      if (!file) return save_other(filename);
-      else throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                                 "save_png(): Unable to save data in '(*FILE)' unless libpng is enabled.",
-                                 cimg_instance);
-#else
-      const char *volatile nfilename = filename; // two 'volatile' here to remove a g++ warning due to 'setjmp'.
-      std::FILE *volatile nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(nfilename,"wb");
-      volatile double stmin, stmax = (double)max_min(stmin);
-
-      if (_depth>1)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "save_png(): Instance is volumetric, only the first slice will be saved in file '%s'.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   filename);
-
-      if (_spectrum>4)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "save_png(): Instance is multispectral, only the three first channels will be saved in file '%s'.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   filename);
-
-      if (stmin<0 || (bytes_per_pixel==1 && stmax>=256) || stmax>=65536)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "save_png(): Instance has pixel values in [%g,%g], probable type overflow in file '%s'.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   filename,stmin,stmax);
-
-      // Setup PNG structures for write
-      png_voidp user_error_ptr = 0;
-      png_error_ptr user_error_fn = 0, user_warning_fn = 0;
-      png_structp png_ptr = png_create_write_struct(PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING,user_error_ptr, user_error_fn,
-                                                    user_warning_fn);
-      if(!png_ptr){
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "save_png(): Failed to initialize 'png_ptr' structure when saving file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              nfilename?nfilename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      png_infop info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
-      if (!info_ptr) {
-        png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr,(png_infopp)0);
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "save_png(): Failed to initialize 'info_ptr' structure when saving file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              nfilename?nfilename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr))) {
-        png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr);
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "save_png(): Encountered unknown fatal error in libpng when saving file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              nfilename?nfilename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      png_init_io(png_ptr, nfile);
-
-      const int bit_depth = bytes_per_pixel?(bytes_per_pixel*8):(stmax>=256?16:8);
-
-      int color_type;
-      switch (spectrum()) {
-      case 1 : color_type = PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY; break;
-      case 2 : color_type = PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY_ALPHA; break;
-      case 3 : color_type = PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB; break;
-      default : color_type = PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB_ALPHA;
-      }
-      const int interlace_type = PNG_INTERLACE_NONE;
-      const int compression_type = PNG_COMPRESSION_TYPE_DEFAULT;
-      const int filter_method = PNG_FILTER_TYPE_DEFAULT;
-      png_set_IHDR(png_ptr,info_ptr,_width,_height,bit_depth,color_type,interlace_type,compression_type,filter_method);
-      png_write_info(png_ptr,info_ptr);
-      const int byte_depth = bit_depth>>3;
-      const int numChan = spectrum()>4?4:spectrum();
-      const int pixel_bit_depth_flag = numChan * (bit_depth-1);
-
-      // Allocate Memory for Image Save and Fill pixel data
-      png_bytep *const imgData = new png_byte*[_height];
-      for (unsigned int row = 0; row<_height; ++row) imgData[row] = new png_byte[byte_depth*numChan*_width];
-      const T *pC0 = data(0,0,0,0);
-      switch (pixel_bit_depth_flag) {
-      case 7 :  { // Gray 8-bit
-        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
-          unsigned char *ptrd = imgData[y];
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(pC0++);
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 14 : { // Gray w/ Alpha 8-bit
-        const T *pC1 = data(0,0,0,1);
-        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
-          unsigned char *ptrd = imgData[y];
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(pC0++);
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(pC1++);
-          }
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 21 :  { // RGB 8-bit
-        const T *pC1 = data(0,0,0,1), *pC2 = data(0,0,0,2);
-        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
-          unsigned char *ptrd = imgData[y];
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(pC0++);
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(pC1++);
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(pC2++);
-          }
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 28 : { // RGB x/ Alpha 8-bit
-        const T *pC1 = data(0,0,0,1), *pC2 = data(0,0,0,2), *pC3 = data(0,0,0,3);
-        cimg_forY(*this,y){
-          unsigned char *ptrd = imgData[y];
-          cimg_forX(*this,x){
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(pC0++);
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(pC1++);
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(pC2++);
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(pC3++);
-          }
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 15 : { // Gray 16-bit
-        cimg_forY(*this,y){
-          unsigned short *ptrd = (unsigned short*)(imgData[y]);
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(pC0++);
-          if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness((unsigned short*)imgData[y],_width);
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 30 : { // Gray w/ Alpha 16-bit
-        const T *pC1 = data(0,0,0,1);
-        cimg_forY(*this,y){
-          unsigned short *ptrd = (unsigned short*)(imgData[y]);
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(pC0++);
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(pC1++);
-          }
-          if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness((unsigned short*)imgData[y],2*_width);
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 45 : { // RGB 16-bit
-        const T *pC1 = data(0,0,0,1), *pC2 = data(0,0,0,2);
-        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
-          unsigned short *ptrd = (unsigned short*)(imgData[y]);
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(pC0++);
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(pC1++);
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(pC2++);
-          }
-          if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness((unsigned short*)imgData[y],3*_width);
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 60 : { // RGB w/ Alpha 16-bit
-        const T *pC1 = data(0,0,0,1), *pC2 = data(0,0,0,2), *pC3 = data(0,0,0,3);
-        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
-          unsigned short *ptrd = (unsigned short*)(imgData[y]);
-          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(pC0++);
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(pC1++);
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(pC2++);
-            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(pC3++);
-          }
-          if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness((unsigned short*)imgData[y],4*_width);
-        }
-      } break;
-      default :
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "save_png(): Encountered unknown fatal error in libpng when saving file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              nfilename?nfilename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      png_write_image(png_ptr,imgData);
-      png_write_end(png_ptr,info_ptr);
-      png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr);
-
-      // Deallocate Image Write Memory
-      cimg_forY(*this,n) delete[] imgData[n];
-      delete[] imgData;
-
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a PNM file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-      \param bytes_per_pixel Force the number of bytes per pixels for the saving.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_pnm(const char *const filename, const unsigned int bytes_per_pixel=0) const {
-      return _save_pnm(0,filename,bytes_per_pixel);
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a PNM file \overloading.
-    const CImg<T>& save_pnm(std::FILE *const file, const unsigned int bytes_per_pixel=0) const {
-      return _save_pnm(file,0,bytes_per_pixel);
-    }
-
-    const CImg<T>& _save_pnm(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename,
-                             const unsigned int bytes_per_pixel=0) const {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_pnm(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
-
-      double stmin, stmax = (double)max_min(stmin);
-      if (_depth>1)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "save_pnm(): Instance is volumetric, only the first slice will be saved in file '%s'.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      if (_spectrum>3)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "save_pnm(): Instance is multispectral, only the three first channels will be saved in file '%s'.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      if (stmin<0 || (bytes_per_pixel==1 && stmax>=256) || stmax>=65536)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "save_pnm(): Instance has pixel values in [%g,%g], probable type overflow in file '%s'.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   stmin,stmax,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
-      const T
-        *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0),
-        *ptr_g = (_spectrum>=2)?data(0,0,0,1):0,
-        *ptr_b = (_spectrum>=3)?data(0,0,0,2):0;
-      const unsigned long buf_size = cimg::min(1024*1024UL,_width*_height*(_spectrum==1?1UL:3UL));
-
-      std::fprintf(nfile,"P%c\n%u %u\n%u\n",
-                   (_spectrum==1?'5':'6'),_width,_height,stmax<256?255:(stmax<4096?4095:65535));
-
-      switch (_spectrum) {
-      case 1 : { // Scalar image
-        if (bytes_per_pixel==1 || (!bytes_per_pixel && stmax<256)) { // Binary PGM 8 bits
-          CImg<ucharT> buf(buf_size);
-          for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height; to_write>0; ) {
-            const unsigned long N = cimg::min((unsigned long)to_write,buf_size);
-            unsigned char *ptrd = buf._data;
-            for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_r++);
-            cimg::fwrite(buf._data,N,nfile);
-            to_write-=N;
-          }
-        } else { // Binary PGM 16 bits
-          CImg<ushortT> buf(buf_size);
-          for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height; to_write>0; ) {
-            const unsigned long N = cimg::min((unsigned long)to_write,buf_size);
-            unsigned short *ptrd = buf._data;
-            for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(ptr_r++);
-            if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,buf_size);
-            cimg::fwrite(buf._data,N,nfile);
-            to_write-=N;
-          }
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 2 : { // RG image
-        if (bytes_per_pixel==1 || (!bytes_per_pixel && stmax<256)) { // Binary PPM 8 bits
-          CImg<ucharT> buf(buf_size);
-          for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height; to_write>0; ) {
-            const unsigned long N = cimg::min((unsigned long)to_write,buf_size/3);
-            unsigned char *ptrd = buf._data;
-            for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) {
-              *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_r++);
-              *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_g++);
-              *(ptrd++) = 0;
-            }
-            cimg::fwrite(buf._data,3*N,nfile);
-            to_write-=N;
-          }
-        } else {             // Binary PPM 16 bits
-          CImg<ushortT> buf(buf_size);
-          for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height; to_write>0; ) {
-            const unsigned long N = cimg::min((unsigned long)to_write,buf_size/3);
-            unsigned short *ptrd = buf._data;
-            for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) {
-              *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(ptr_r++);
-              *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(ptr_g++);
-              *(ptrd++) = 0;
-            }
-            if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,buf_size);
-            cimg::fwrite(buf._data,3*N,nfile);
-            to_write-=N;
-          }
-        }
-      } break;
-      default : { // RGB image
-        if (bytes_per_pixel==1 || (!bytes_per_pixel && stmax<256)) { // Binary PPM 8 bits
-          CImg<ucharT> buf(buf_size);
-          for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height; to_write>0; ) {
-            const unsigned long N = cimg::min((unsigned long)to_write,buf_size/3);
-            unsigned char *ptrd = buf._data;
-            for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) {
-              *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_r++);
-              *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_g++);
-              *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_b++);
-            }
-            cimg::fwrite(buf._data,3*N,nfile);
-            to_write-=N;
-          }
-        } else {             // Binary PPM 16 bits
-          CImg<ushortT> buf(buf_size);
-          for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height; to_write>0; ) {
-            const unsigned long N = cimg::min((unsigned long)to_write,buf_size/3);
-            unsigned short *ptrd = buf._data;
-            for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) {
-              *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(ptr_r++);
-              *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(ptr_g++);
-              *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(ptr_b++);
-            }
-            if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,buf_size);
-            cimg::fwrite(buf._data,3*N,nfile);
-            to_write-=N;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a PNK file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_pnk(const char *const filename) const {
-      return _save_pnk(0,filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a PNK file \overloading.
-    const CImg<T>& save_pnk(std::FILE *const file) const {
-      return _save_pnk(file,0);
-    }
-
-    const CImg<T>& _save_pnk(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) const {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_pnk(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
-      if (_spectrum>1)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "save_pnk(): Instance is multispectral, only the first channel will be saved in file '%s'.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-      const unsigned long buf_size = cimg::min(1024*1024LU,_width*_height*_depth);
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
-      const T *ptr = data(0,0,0,0);
-
-      if (!cimg::type<T>::is_float() && sizeof(T)==1 && _depth<2) // Can be saved as regular PNM file.
-        _save_pnm(file,filename,0);
-      else if (!cimg::type<T>::is_float() && sizeof(T)==1) { // Save as extended P5 file: Binary byte-valued 3d.
-        std::fprintf(nfile,"P5\n%u %u %u\n255\n",_width,_height,_depth);
-        CImg<ucharT> buf(buf_size);
-        for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height*_depth; to_write>0; ) {
-          const unsigned long N = cimg::min((unsigned long)to_write,buf_size);
-          unsigned char *ptrd = buf._data;
-          for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr++);
-          cimg::fwrite(buf._data,N,nfile);
-          to_write-=N;
-        }
-      } else if (!cimg::type<T>::is_float()) { // Save as P8: Binary int32-valued 3d.
-        if (_depth>1) std::fprintf(nfile,"P8\n%u %u %u\n%d\n",_width,_height,_depth,(int)max());
-        else std::fprintf(nfile,"P8\n%u %u\n%d\n",_width,_height,(int)max());
-        CImg<intT> buf(buf_size);
-        for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height*_depth; to_write>0; ) {
-          const unsigned long N = cimg::min((unsigned long)to_write,buf_size);
-          int *ptrd = buf._data;
-          for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) *(ptrd++) = (int)*(ptr++);
-          cimg::fwrite(buf._data,N,nfile);
-          to_write-=N;
-        }
-      } else { // Save as P9: Binary float-valued 3d.
-        if (_depth>1) std::fprintf(nfile,"P9\n%u %u %u\n%g\n",_width,_height,_depth,(double)max());
-        else std::fprintf(nfile,"P9\n%u %u\n%g\n",_width,_height,(double)max());
-        CImg<floatT> buf(buf_size);
-        for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height*_depth; to_write>0; ) {
-          const unsigned long N = cimg::min((unsigned long)to_write,buf_size);
-          float *ptrd = buf._data;
-          for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptr++);
-          cimg::fwrite(buf._data,N,nfile);
-          to_write-=N;
-        }
-      }
-
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a PFM file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_pfm(const char *const filename) const {
-      return get_mirror('y')._save_pfm(0,filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a PFM file \overloading.
-    const CImg<T>& save_pfm(std::FILE *const file) const {
-      return get_mirror('y')._save_pfm(file,0);
-    }
-
-    const CImg<T>& _save_pfm(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) const {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_pfm(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
-      if (_depth>1)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "save_pfm(): Instance is volumetric, only the first slice will be saved in file '%s'.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      if (_spectrum>3)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "save_pfm(): image instance is multispectral, only the three first channels will be saved "
-                   "in file '%s'.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
-      const T
-        *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0),
-        *ptr_g = (_spectrum>=2)?data(0,0,0,1):0,
-        *ptr_b = (_spectrum>=3)?data(0,0,0,2):0;
-      const unsigned int buf_size = cimg::min(1024*1024U,_width*_height*(_spectrum==1?1:3));
-
-      std::fprintf(nfile,"P%c\n%u %u\n1.0\n",
-                   (_spectrum==1?'f':'F'),_width,_height);
-
-      switch (_spectrum) {
-      case 1 : { // Scalar image
-        CImg<floatT> buf(buf_size);
-        for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height; to_write>0; ) {
-          const unsigned long N = cimg::min((unsigned long)to_write,buf_size);
-          float *ptrd = buf._data;
-          for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptr_r++);
-          if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,buf_size);
-          cimg::fwrite(buf._data,N,nfile);
-          to_write-=N;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 2 : { // RG image
-        CImg<floatT> buf(buf_size);
-        for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height; to_write>0; ) {
-          const unsigned int N = cimg::min((unsigned int)to_write,buf_size/3);
-          float *ptrd = buf._data;
-          for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) {
-            *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptr_r++);
-            *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptr_g++);
-            *(ptrd++) = 0;
-          }
-          if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,buf_size);
-          cimg::fwrite(buf._data,3*N,nfile);
-          to_write-=N;
-        }
-      } break;
-      default : { // RGB image
-        CImg<floatT> buf(buf_size);
-        for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height; to_write>0; ) {
-          const unsigned int N = cimg::min((unsigned int)to_write,buf_size/3);
-          float *ptrd = buf._data;
-          for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) {
-            *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptr_r++);
-            *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptr_g++);
-            *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptr_b++);
-          }
-          if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,buf_size);
-          cimg::fwrite(buf._data,3*N,nfile);
-          to_write-=N;
-        }
-      }
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a RGB file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_rgb(const char *const filename) const {
-      return _save_rgb(0,filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a RGB file \overloading.
-    const CImg<T>& save_rgb(std::FILE *const file) const {
-      return _save_rgb(file,0);
-    }
-
-    const CImg<T>& _save_rgb(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) const {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_rgb(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
-      if (_spectrum!=3)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "save_rgb(): image instance has not exactly 3 channels, for file '%s'.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
-      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height;
-      unsigned char *const buffer = new unsigned char[3*wh], *nbuffer = buffer;
-      const T
-        *ptr1 = data(0,0,0,0),
-        *ptr2 = _spectrum>1?data(0,0,0,1):0,
-        *ptr3 = _spectrum>2?data(0,0,0,2):0;
-      switch (_spectrum) {
-      case 1 : { // Scalar image
-        for (unsigned long k = 0; k<wh; ++k) {
-          const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)*(ptr1++);
-          *(nbuffer++) = val;
-          *(nbuffer++) = val;
-          *(nbuffer++) = val;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 2 : { // RG image
-        for (unsigned long k = 0; k<wh; ++k) {
-          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr1++));
-          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr2++));
-          *(nbuffer++) = 0;
-        }
-      } break;
-      default : { // RGB image
-        for (unsigned long k = 0; k<wh; ++k) {
-          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr1++));
-          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr2++));
-          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr3++));
-        }
-      }
-      }
-      cimg::fwrite(buffer,3*wh,nfile);
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      delete[] buffer;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a RGBA file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_rgba(const char *const filename) const {
-      return _save_rgba(0,filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a RGBA file \overloading.
-    const CImg<T>& save_rgba(std::FILE *const file) const {
-      return _save_rgba(file,0);
-    }
-
-    const CImg<T>& _save_rgba(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) const {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_rgba(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
-      if (_spectrum!=4)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "save_rgba(): image instance has not exactly 4 channels, for file '%s'.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
-      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height;
-      unsigned char *const buffer = new unsigned char[4*wh], *nbuffer = buffer;
-      const T
-        *ptr1 = data(0,0,0,0),
-        *ptr2 = _spectrum>1?data(0,0,0,1):0,
-        *ptr3 = _spectrum>2?data(0,0,0,2):0,
-        *ptr4 = _spectrum>3?data(0,0,0,3):0;
-      switch (_spectrum) {
-      case 1 : { // Scalar images
-        for (unsigned long k = 0; k<wh; ++k) {
-          const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)*(ptr1++);
-          *(nbuffer++) = val;
-          *(nbuffer++) = val;
-          *(nbuffer++) = val;
-          *(nbuffer++) = 255;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 2 : { // RG images
-        for (unsigned long k = 0; k<wh; ++k) {
-          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr1++));
-          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr2++));
-          *(nbuffer++) = 0;
-          *(nbuffer++) = 255;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 3 : { // RGB images
-        for (unsigned long k = 0; k<wh; ++k) {
-          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr1++));
-          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr2++));
-          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr3++));
-          *(nbuffer++) = 255;
-        }
-      } break;
-      default : { // RGBA images
-        for (unsigned long k = 0; k<wh; ++k) {
-          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr1++));
-          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr2++));
-          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr3++));
-          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr4++));
-        }
-      }
-      }
-      cimg::fwrite(buffer,4*wh,nfile);
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      delete[] buffer;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a TIFF file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \param compression_type Type of data compression.
-         Can be <tt>{ 1=None | 2=CCITTRLE | 3=CCITTFAX3 | 4=CCITTFAX4 | 5=LZW | 6=JPEG }</tt>.
-       \note
-       - libtiff support is enabled by defining the precompilation
-        directive \c cimg_use_tif.
-       - When libtiff is enabled, 2D and 3D (multipage) several
-        channel per pixel are supported for
-        <tt>char,uchar,short,ushort,float</tt> and \c double pixel types.
-       - If \c cimg_use_tif is not defined at compilation time the
-        function uses CImg<T>&save_other(const char*).
-     **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_tiff(const char *const filename, const unsigned int compression_type=0,
-                             const float *const voxel_size=0) const {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_tiff(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
-
-#ifdef cimg_use_tiff
-      TIFF *tif = TIFFOpen(filename,"w");
-      if (tif) {
-        cimg_forZ(*this,z) get_slice(z)._save_tiff(tif,z,compression_type,voxel_size);
-        TIFFClose(tif);
-      } else throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                                   "save_tiff(): Failed to open file '%s' for writing.",
-                                   cimg_instance,
-                                   filename);
-      return *this;
-#else
-      cimg::unused(compression_type,voxel_size);
-      return save_other(filename);
-#endif
-    }
-
-#ifdef cimg_use_tiff
-
-#define _cimg_save_tiff(types,typed,compression_type,voxel_size) if (!std::strcmp(types,pixel_type())) { \
-      const typed foo = (typed)0; return _save_tiff(tif,directory,foo,compression_type,voxel_size); }
-
-    // [internal] Save a plane into a tiff file
-    template<typename t>
-    const CImg<T>& _save_tiff(TIFF *tif, const unsigned int directory, const t& pixel_t,
-                              const unsigned int compression_type,
-                              const float *const voxel_size=0) const {
-      if (is_empty() || !tif || pixel_t) return *this;
-      const char *const filename = TIFFFileName(tif);
-      uint32 rowsperstrip = (uint32)-1;
-      uint16 spp = _spectrum, bpp = sizeof(t)*8, photometric;
-      if (spp==3 || spp==4) photometric = PHOTOMETRIC_RGB;
-      else photometric = PHOTOMETRIC_MINISBLACK;
-      TIFFSetDirectory(tif,directory);
-      TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_IMAGEWIDTH,_width);
-      TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_IMAGELENGTH,_height);
-      if (voxel_size) {
-        const float vx = voxel_size[0], vy = voxel_size[1], _vz = voxel_size[2], vz = _vz>0?_vz:1;
-        TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_RESOLUTIONUNIT,RESUNIT_NONE);
-        TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_XRESOLUTION,vx/vz);
-        TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_YRESOLUTION,vy/vz);
-        CImg<charT> s_description(256);
-        cimg_snprintf(s_description,s_description._width,"VX=%g VY=%g VZ=%g spacing=%g",vx,vy,vz,vz);
-        TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_IMAGEDESCRIPTION,s_description.data());
-      }
-      TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_ORIENTATION,ORIENTATION_TOPLEFT);
-      TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_SAMPLESPERPIXEL,spp);
-      if (cimg::type<t>::is_float()) TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_SAMPLEFORMAT,3);
-      else if (cimg::type<t>::min()==0) TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_SAMPLEFORMAT,1);
-      else TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_SAMPLEFORMAT,2);
-      TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_BITSPERSAMPLE,bpp);
-      TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_PLANARCONFIG,PLANARCONFIG_CONTIG);
-      TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_PHOTOMETRIC,photometric);
-      TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_COMPRESSION,compression_type?(compression_type-1):COMPRESSION_NONE);
-      rowsperstrip = TIFFDefaultStripSize(tif,rowsperstrip);
-      TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_ROWSPERSTRIP,rowsperstrip);
-      TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_FILLORDER,FILLORDER_MSB2LSB);
-      TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_SOFTWARE,"CImg");
-      t *const buf = (t*)_TIFFmalloc(TIFFStripSize(tif));
-      if (buf) {
-        for (unsigned int row = 0; row<_height; row+=rowsperstrip) {
-          uint32 nrow = (row + rowsperstrip>_height?_height-row:rowsperstrip);
-          tstrip_t strip = TIFFComputeStrip(tif,row,0);
-          tsize_t i = 0;
-          for (unsigned int rr = 0; rr<nrow; ++rr)
-            for (unsigned int cc = 0; cc<_width; ++cc)
-              for (unsigned int vv = 0; vv<spp; ++vv)
-                buf[i++] = (t)(*this)(cc,row + rr,0,vv);
-          if (TIFFWriteEncodedStrip(tif,strip,buf,i*sizeof(t))<0)
-            throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                                  "save_tiff(): Invalid strip writing when saving file '%s'.",
-                                  cimg_instance,
-                                  filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-        }
-        _TIFFfree(buf);
-      }
-      TIFFWriteDirectory(tif);
-      return (*this);
-    }
-
-    const CImg<T>& _save_tiff(TIFF *tif, const unsigned int directory, const unsigned int compression_type,
-                              const float *const voxel_size) const {
-      _cimg_save_tiff("bool",unsigned char,compression_type,voxel_size);
-      _cimg_save_tiff("char",char,compression_type,voxel_size);
-      _cimg_save_tiff("unsigned char",unsigned char,compression_type,voxel_size);
-      _cimg_save_tiff("short",short,compression_type,voxel_size);
-      _cimg_save_tiff("unsigned short",unsigned short,compression_type,voxel_size);
-      _cimg_save_tiff("int",int,compression_type,voxel_size);
-      _cimg_save_tiff("unsigned int",unsigned int,compression_type,voxel_size);
-      _cimg_save_tiff("long",int,compression_type,voxel_size);
-      _cimg_save_tiff("unsigned long",unsigned int,compression_type,voxel_size);
-      _cimg_save_tiff("float",float,compression_type,voxel_size);
-      _cimg_save_tiff("double",float,compression_type,voxel_size);
-      const char *const filename = TIFFFileName(tif);
-      throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                  "save_tiff(): Unsupported pixel type '%s' for file '%s'.",
-                                  cimg_instance,
-                                  pixel_type(),filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      return *this;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    //! Save image as a MINC2 file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \param imitate_file If non-zero, reference filename, as a C-string, to borrow header from.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_minc2(const char *const filename,
-                              const char *const imitate_file=0) const {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                   "save_minc2(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                   cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
-
-#ifndef cimg_use_minc2
-     cimg::unused(imitate_file);
-     return save_other(filename);
-#else
-     minc::minc_1_writer wtr;
-     if (imitate_file)
-       wtr.open(filename, imitate_file);
-     else {
-       minc::minc_info di;
-       if(width()) di.push_back(minc::dim_info(width(), width()*0.5, -1, minc::dim_info::DIM_X));
-       if(height()) di.push_back(minc::dim_info(height(), height()*0.5, -1, minc::dim_info::DIM_Y));
-       if(depth()) di.push_back(minc::dim_info(depth(), depth()*0.5, -1, minc::dim_info::DIM_Z));
-       if(spectrum()) di.push_back(minc::dim_info(spectrum(), spectrum()*0.5, -1, minc::dim_info::DIM_TIME));
-       wtr.open(filename, di, 1, NC_FLOAT, 0);
-     }
-     if(typeid(T)==typeid(unsigned char))
-       wtr.setup_write_byte();
-     else if(typeid(T)==typeid(int))
-       wtr.setup_write_int();
-     else if(typeid(T)==typeid(double))
-       wtr.setup_write_double();
-     else
-       wtr.setup_write_float();
-     minc::save_standard_volume(wtr, this->_data);
-     return *this;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as an ANALYZE7.5 or NIFTI file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-      \param voxel_size Pointer to 3 consecutive values that tell about the voxel sizes along the X,Y and Z dimensions.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_analyze(const char *const filename, const float *const voxel_size=0) const {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_analyze(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
-
-      std::FILE *file;
-      char header[348] = { 0 }, hname[1024] = { 0 }, iname[1024] = { 0 };
-      const char *const ext = cimg::split_filename(filename);
-      short datatype=-1;
-      std::memset(header,0,348);
-      if (!*ext) {
-        cimg_snprintf(hname,sizeof(hname),"%s.hdr",filename);
-        cimg_snprintf(iname,sizeof(iname),"%s.img",filename);
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(ext,"hdr",3)) {
-        std::strcpy(hname,filename);
-        std::strncpy(iname,filename,sizeof(iname)-1);
-        std::sprintf(iname + std::strlen(iname)-3,"img");
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(ext,"img",3)) {
-        std::strcpy(hname,filename);
-        std::strncpy(iname,filename,sizeof(iname)-1);
-        std::sprintf(hname + std::strlen(iname)-3,"hdr");
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(ext,"nii",3)) {
-        std::strncpy(hname,filename,sizeof(hname)-1); *iname = 0;
-      }
-      int *const iheader = (int*)header;
-      *iheader = 348;
-      std::strcpy(header + 4,"CImg");
-      std::strcpy(header + 14," ");
-      ((short*)(header + 36))[0] = 4096;
-      ((char*)(header + 38))[0] = 114;
-      ((short*)(header + 40))[0] = 4;
-      ((short*)(header + 40))[1] = _width;
-      ((short*)(header + 40))[2] = _height;
-      ((short*)(header + 40))[3] = _depth;
-      ((short*)(header + 40))[4] = _spectrum;
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"bool")) datatype = 2;
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"unsigned char")) datatype = 2;
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"char")) datatype = 2;
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"unsigned short")) datatype = 4;
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"short")) datatype = 4;
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"unsigned int")) datatype = 8;
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"int")) datatype = 8;
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"unsigned long")) datatype = 8;
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"long")) datatype = 8;
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"float")) datatype = 16;
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"double")) datatype = 64;
-      if (datatype<0)
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "save_analyze(): Unsupported pixel type '%s' for file '%s'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              pixel_type(),filename);
-
-      ((short*)(header+70))[0] = datatype;
-      ((short*)(header+72))[0] = sizeof(T);
-      ((float*)(header+112))[0] = 1;
-      ((float*)(header+76))[0] = 0;
-      if (voxel_size) {
-        ((float*)(header+76))[1] = voxel_size[0];
-        ((float*)(header+76))[2] = voxel_size[1];
-        ((float*)(header+76))[3] = voxel_size[2];
-      } else ((float*)(header+76))[1] = ((float*)(header+76))[2] = ((float*)(header+76))[3] = 1;
-      file = cimg::fopen(hname,"wb");
-      cimg::fwrite(header,348,file);
-      if (*iname) { cimg::fclose(file); file = cimg::fopen(iname,"wb"); }
-      cimg::fwrite(_data,size(),file);
-      cimg::fclose(file);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a .cimg file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-      \param is_compressed Tells if the file contains compressed image data.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_cimg(const char *const filename, const bool is_compressed=false) const {
-      CImgList<T>(*this,true).save_cimg(filename,is_compressed);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a .cimg file \overloading.
-    const CImg<T>& save_cimg(std::FILE *const file, const bool is_compressed=false) const {
-      CImgList<T>(*this,true).save_cimg(file,is_compressed);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a sub-image into an existing .cimg file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-      \param n0 Index of the image inside the file.
-      \param x0 X-coordinate of the sub-image location.
-      \param y0 Y-coordinate of the sub-image location.
-      \param z0 Z-coordinate of the sub-image location.
-      \param c0 C-coordinate of the sub-image location.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_cimg(const char *const filename,
-                             const unsigned int n0,
-                             const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
-                             const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0) const {
-      CImgList<T>(*this,true).save_cimg(filename,n0,x0,y0,z0,c0);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a sub-image into an existing .cimg file \overloading.
-    const CImg<T>& save_cimg(std::FILE *const file,
-			     const unsigned int n0,
-			     const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
-			     const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0) const {
-      CImgList<T>(*this,true).save_cimg(file,n0,x0,y0,z0,c0);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save blank image as a .cimg file.
-    /**
-        \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-        \param dx Width of the image.
-        \param dy Height of the image.
-        \param dz Depth of the image.
-        \param dc Number of channels of the image.
-        \note
-        - All pixel values of the saved image are set to \c 0.
-        - Use this method to save large images without having to instanciate and allocate them.
-    **/
-    static void save_empty_cimg(const char *const filename,
-                                const unsigned int dx, const unsigned int dy=1,
-                                const unsigned int dz=1, const unsigned int dc=1) {
-      return CImgList<T>::save_empty_cimg(filename,1,dx,dy,dz,dc);
-    }
-
-    //! Save blank image as a .cimg file \overloading.
-    /**
-       Same as save_empty_cimg(const char *,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int)
-       with a file stream argument instead of a filename string.
-    **/
-    static void save_empty_cimg(std::FILE *const file,
-                                const unsigned int dx, const unsigned int dy=1,
-                                const unsigned int dz=1, const unsigned int dc=1) {
-      return CImgList<T>::save_empty_cimg(file,1,dx,dy,dz,dc);
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as an INRIMAGE-4 file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-      \param voxel_size Pointer to 3 values specifying the voxel sizes along the X,Y and Z dimensions.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_inr(const char *const filename, const float *const voxel_size=0) const {
-      return _save_inr(0,filename,voxel_size);
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as an INRIMAGE-4 file \overloading.
-    const CImg<T>& save_inr(std::FILE *const file, const float *const voxel_size=0) const {
-      return _save_inr(file,0,voxel_size);
-    }
-
-    const CImg<T>& _save_inr(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename, const float *const voxel_size) const {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_inr(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
-
-      int inrpixsize=-1;
-      const char *inrtype = "unsigned fixed\nPIXSIZE=8 bits\nSCALE=2**0";
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"unsigned char")) {
-        inrtype = "unsigned fixed\nPIXSIZE=8 bits\nSCALE=2**0"; inrpixsize = 1;
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"char")) {
-        inrtype = "fixed\nPIXSIZE=8 bits\nSCALE=2**0"; inrpixsize = 1;
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"unsigned short")) {
-        inrtype = "unsigned fixed\nPIXSIZE=16 bits\nSCALE=2**0";inrpixsize = 2;
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"short")) {
-        inrtype = "fixed\nPIXSIZE=16 bits\nSCALE=2**0"; inrpixsize = 2;
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"unsigned int")) {
-        inrtype = "unsigned fixed\nPIXSIZE=32 bits\nSCALE=2**0";inrpixsize = 4;
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"int")) {
-        inrtype = "fixed\nPIXSIZE=32 bits\nSCALE=2**0"; inrpixsize = 4;
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"float")) {
-        inrtype = "float\nPIXSIZE=32 bits"; inrpixsize = 4;
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"double")) {
-        inrtype = "float\nPIXSIZE=64 bits"; inrpixsize = 8;
-      }
-      if (inrpixsize<=0)
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "save_inr(): Unsupported pixel type '%s' for file '%s'",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              pixel_type(),filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
-      char header[257] = { 0 };
-      int err = cimg_snprintf(header,sizeof(header),"#INRIMAGE-4#{\nXDIM=%u\nYDIM=%u\nZDIM=%u\nVDIM=%u\n",
-                              _width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
-      if (voxel_size) err+=std::sprintf(header + err,"VX=%g\nVY=%g\nVZ=%g\n",voxel_size[0],voxel_size[1],voxel_size[2]);
-      err+=std::sprintf(header + err,"TYPE=%s\nCPU=%s\n",inrtype,cimg::endianness()?"sun":"decm");
-      std::memset(header + err,'\n',252 - err);
-      std::memcpy(header + 252,"##}\n",4);
-      cimg::fwrite(header,256,nfile);
-      cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) cimg_forC(*this,c) cimg::fwrite(&((*this)(x,y,z,c)),1,nfile);
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as an OpenEXR file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \note The OpenEXR file format is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenEXR">described here</a>.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_exr(const char *const filename) const {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_exr(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
-      if (_depth>1)
-        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
-                   "save_exr(): Instance is volumetric, only the first slice will be saved in file '%s'.",
-                   cimg_instance,
-                   filename);
-
-#ifndef cimg_use_openexr
-      return save_other(filename);
-#else
-      Imf::Rgba *const ptrd0 = new Imf::Rgba[(unsigned long)_width*_height], *ptrd = ptrd0, rgba;
-      switch (_spectrum) {
-      case 1 : { // Grayscale image.
-        for (const T *ptr_r = data(), *const ptr_e = ptr_r + (unsigned long)_width*_height; ptr_r<ptr_e;) {
-          rgba.r = rgba.g = rgba.b = (half)(*(ptr_r++));
-          rgba.a = (half)1;
-          *(ptrd++) = rgba;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 2 : { // RG image.
-        for (const T *ptr_r = data(), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1),
-               *const ptr_e = ptr_r + (unsigned long)_width*_height; ptr_r<ptr_e; ) {
-          rgba.r = (half)(*(ptr_r++));
-          rgba.g = (half)(*(ptr_g++));
-          rgba.b = (half)0;
-          rgba.a = (half)1;
-          *(ptrd++) = rgba;
-        }
-      } break;
-      case 3 : { // RGB image.
-        for (const T *ptr_r = data(), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2),
-               *const ptr_e = ptr_r + (unsigned long)_width*_height; ptr_r<ptr_e;) {
-          rgba.r = (half)(*(ptr_r++));
-          rgba.g = (half)(*(ptr_g++));
-          rgba.b = (half)(*(ptr_b++));
-          rgba.a = (half)1;
-          *(ptrd++) = rgba;
-        }
-      } break;
-      default : { // RGBA image.
-        for (const T *ptr_r = data(), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2), *ptr_a = data(0,0,0,3),
-               *const ptr_e = ptr_r + (unsigned long)_width*_height; ptr_r<ptr_e;) {
-          rgba.r = (half)(*(ptr_r++));
-          rgba.g = (half)(*(ptr_g++));
-          rgba.b = (half)(*(ptr_b++));
-          rgba.a = (half)(*(ptr_a++));
-          *(ptrd++) = rgba;
-        }
-      } break;
-      }
-      Imf::RgbaOutputFile outFile(filename,_width,_height,
-                                  _spectrum==1?Imf::WRITE_Y:_spectrum==2?Imf::WRITE_YA:_spectrum==3?
-                                  Imf::WRITE_RGB:Imf::WRITE_RGBA);
-      outFile.setFrameBuffer(ptrd0,1,_width);
-      outFile.writePixels(_height);
-      delete[] ptrd0;
-      return *this;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a Pandore-5 file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \param colorspace Colorspace data field in output file
-       (see <a href="http://www.greyc.ensicaen.fr/~regis/Pandore/#documentation">Pandore file specifications</a>
-       for more informations).
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_pandore(const char *const filename, const unsigned int colorspace=0) const {
-      return _save_pandore(0,filename,colorspace);
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a Pandore-5 file \overloading.
-    /**
-        Same as save_pandore(const char *,unsigned int) const
-        with a file stream argument instead of a filename string.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_pandore(std::FILE *const file, const unsigned int colorspace=0) const {
-      return _save_pandore(file,0,colorspace);
-    }
-
-    unsigned int _save_pandore_header_length(unsigned int id, unsigned int *dims, const unsigned int colorspace) const {
-      unsigned int nbdims = 0;
-      if (id==2 || id==3 || id==4) {
-        dims[0] = 1; dims[1] = _width;  nbdims = 2;
-      }
-      if (id==5 || id==6 || id==7) {
-        dims[0] = 1; dims[1] = _height; dims[2] = _width;  nbdims=3;
-      }
-      if (id==8 || id==9 || id==10) {
-        dims[0] = _spectrum; dims[1] = _depth;  dims[2] = _height; dims[3] = _width; nbdims = 4;
-      }
-      if (id==16 || id==17 || id==18) {
-        dims[0] = 3; dims[1] = _height; dims[2] = _width;  dims[3] = colorspace; nbdims = 4;
-      }
-      if (id==19 || id==20 || id==21) {
-        dims[0] = 3; dims[1] = _depth;  dims[2] = _height; dims[3] = _width; dims[4] = colorspace; nbdims = 5;
-      }
-      if (id==22 || id==23 || id==25) {
-        dims[0] = _spectrum; dims[1] = _width;  nbdims = 2;
-      }
-      if (id==26 || id==27 || id==29) {
-        dims[0] = _spectrum; dims[1] = _height; dims[2] = _width;  nbdims=3;
-      }
-      if (id==30 || id==31 || id==33) {
-        dims[0] = _spectrum; dims[1] = _depth;  dims[2] = _height; dims[3] = _width; nbdims = 4;
-      }
-      return nbdims;
-    }
-
-    const CImg<T>& _save_pandore(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename,
-                                 const unsigned int colorspace) const {
-
-#define __cimg_save_pandore_case(dtype) \
-       dtype *buffer = new dtype[size()]; \
-       const T *ptrs = _data; \
-       cimg_foroff(*this,off) *(buffer++) = (dtype)(*(ptrs++)); \
-       buffer-=size(); \
-       cimg::fwrite(buffer,size(),nfile); \
-       delete[] buffer
-
-#define _cimg_save_pandore_case(sy,sz,sv,stype,id) \
-      if (!saved && (sy?(sy==_height):true) && (sz?(sz==_depth):true) && \
-          (sv?(sv==_spectrum):true) && !std::strcmp(stype,pixel_type())) { \
-	unsigned int *iheader = (unsigned int*)(header+12); \
-	nbdims = _save_pandore_header_length((*iheader=id),dims,colorspace); \
-	cimg::fwrite(header,36,nfile); \
-        if (sizeof(unsigned long)==4) { unsigned long ndims[5] = { 0 }; \
-          for (int d = 0; d<5; ++d) ndims[d] = (unsigned long)dims[d]; cimg::fwrite(ndims,nbdims,nfile); } \
-        else if (sizeof(unsigned int)==4) { unsigned int ndims[5] = { 0 }; \
-          for (int d = 0; d<5; ++d) ndims[d] = (unsigned int)dims[d]; cimg::fwrite(ndims,nbdims,nfile); } \
-        else if (sizeof(unsigned short)==4) { unsigned short ndims[5] = { 0 }; \
-          for (int d = 0; d<5; ++d) ndims[d] = (unsigned short)dims[d]; cimg::fwrite(ndims,nbdims,nfile); } \
-        else throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance \
-                                   "save_pandore(): Unsupported datatype for file '%s'.",\
-                                   cimg_instance, \
-                                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)"); \
-	if (id==2 || id==5 || id==8 || id==16 || id==19 || id==22 || id==26 || id==30) { \
-          __cimg_save_pandore_case(unsigned char); \
-	} else if (id==3 || id==6 || id==9 || id==17 || id==20 || id==23 || id==27 || id==31) { \
-          if (sizeof(unsigned long)==4) { __cimg_save_pandore_case(unsigned long); } \
-          else if (sizeof(unsigned int)==4) { __cimg_save_pandore_case(unsigned int); } \
-          else if (sizeof(unsigned short)==4) { __cimg_save_pandore_case(unsigned short); } \
-          else throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance \
-                                     "save_pandore(): Unsupported datatype for file '%s'.",\
-                                     cimg_instance, \
-                                     filename?filename:"(FILE*)"); \
-	} else if (id==4 || id==7 || id==10 || id==18 || id==21 || id==25 || id==29 || id==33) { \
-          if (sizeof(double)==4) { __cimg_save_pandore_case(double); } \
-          else if (sizeof(float)==4) { __cimg_save_pandore_case(float); } \
-          else throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance \
-                                     "save_pandore(): Unsupported datatype for file '%s'.",\
-                                     cimg_instance, \
-                                     filename?filename:"(FILE*)"); \
-        } \
-	saved = true; \
-      }
-
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_pandore(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
-
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
-      unsigned char header[36] = { 'P','A','N','D','O','R','E','0','4',0,0,0,
-                                   0,0,0,0,'C','I','m','g',0,0,0,0,0,'N','o',' ','d','a','t','e',0,0,0,0 };
-      unsigned int nbdims, dims[5] = { 0 };
-      bool saved = false;
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,1,"unsigned char",2);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,1,"char",3);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,1,"short",3);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,1,"unsigned short",3);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,1,"unsigned int",3);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,1,"int",3);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,1,"unsigned long",4);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,1,"long",3);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,1,"float",4);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,1,"double",4);
-
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,1,"unsigned char",5);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,1,"char",6);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,1,"short",6);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,1,"unsigned short",6);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,1,"unsigned int",6);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,1,"int",6);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,1,"unsigned long",7);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,1,"long",6);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,1,"float",7);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,1,"double",7);
-
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,1,"unsigned char",8);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,1,"char",9);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,1,"short",9);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,1,"unsigned short",9);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,1,"unsigned int",9);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,1,"int",9);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,1,"unsigned long",10);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,1,"long",9);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,1,"float",10);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,1,"double",10);
-
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,3,"unsigned char",16);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,3,"char",17);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,3,"short",17);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,3,"unsigned short",17);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,3,"unsigned int",17);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,3,"int",17);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,3,"unsigned long",18);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,3,"long",17);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,3,"float",18);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,3,"double",18);
-
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,3,"unsigned char",19);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,3,"char",20);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,3,"short",20);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,3,"unsigned short",20);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,3,"unsigned int",20);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,3,"int",20);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,3,"unsigned long",21);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,3,"long",20);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,3,"float",21);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,3,"double",21);
-
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,0,"unsigned char",22);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,0,"char",23);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,0,"short",23);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,0,"unsigned short",23);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,0,"unsigned int",23);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,0,"int",23);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,0,"unsigned long",25);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,0,"long",23);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,0,"float",25);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,0,"double",25);
-
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,0,"unsigned char",26);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,0,"char",27);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,0,"short",27);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,0,"unsigned short",27);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,0,"unsigned int",27);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,0,"int",27);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,0,"unsigned long",29);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,0,"long",27);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,0,"float",29);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,0,"double",29);
-
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,0,"unsigned char",30);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,0,"char",31);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,0,"short",31);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,0,"unsigned short",31);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,0,"unsigned int",31);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,0,"int",31);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,0,"unsigned long",33);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,0,"long",31);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,0,"float",33);
-      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,0,"double",33);
-
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a raw data file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \param is_multiplexed Tells if the image channels are stored in a multiplexed way (\c true) or not (\c false).
-       \note The .raw format does not store the image dimensions in the output file,
-       so you have to keep track of them somewhere to be able to read the file correctly afterwards.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_raw(const char *const filename, const bool is_multiplexed=false) const {
-      return _save_raw(0,filename,is_multiplexed);
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a raw data file \overloading.
-    /**
-       Same as save_raw(const char *,bool) const
-       with a file stream argument instead of a filename string.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_raw(std::FILE *const file, const bool is_multiplexed=false) const {
-      return _save_raw(file,0,is_multiplexed);
-    }
-
-    const CImg<T>& _save_raw(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename, const bool is_multiplexed) const {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_raw(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
-
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
-      if (!is_multiplexed) cimg::fwrite(_data,size(),nfile);
-      else {
-        CImg<T> buf(_spectrum);
-        cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
-          cimg_forC(*this,c) buf[c] = (*this)(x,y,z,c);
-          cimg::fwrite(buf._data,_spectrum,nfile);
-        }
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a video file, using the FFmpeg library.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-      \param fps Video framerate.
-      \param bitrate Video bitrate.
-      \note
-      - Each slice of the instance image is considered to be a single frame of the output video file.
-      - This method uses functions provided by the <a href="http://www.ffmpeg.org">FFmpeg</a> library.
-      Configuration macro \c cimg_use_ffmpeg must be set for the method to succeed natively.
-      Otherwise, the method calls
-      save_ffmpeg_external(const char*,unsigned int,unsigned int,const char*,unsigned int,unsigned int) const.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_ffmpeg(const char *const filename, const unsigned int fps=25,
-                               const unsigned int bitrate=2048) const {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_ffmpeg(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (!fps)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_ffmpeg(): Invalid specified framerate 0, for file '%s'.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    filename);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
-
-#ifndef cimg_use_ffmpeg
-      return save_ffmpeg_external(filename,0,fps,bitrate);
-#else
-      CImgList<T> list;
-      get_split('z').move_to(list);
-      list.save_ffmpeg(filename,fps,bitrate);
-      return *this;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a .yuv video file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \param is_rgb Tells if pixel values of the instance image are RGB-coded (\c true) or YUV-coded (\c false).
-       \note Each slice of the instance image is considered to be a single frame of the output video file.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_yuv(const char *const filename, const bool is_rgb=true) const {
-      get_split('z').save_yuv(filename,is_rgb);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a .yuv video file \overloading.
-    /**
-       Same as save_yuv(const char*,bool) const
-       with a file stream argument instead of a filename string.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_yuv(std::FILE *const file, const bool is_rgb=true) const {
-      get_split('z').save_yuv(file,is_rgb);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save 3d object as an Object File Format (.off) file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \param primitives List of 3d object primitives.
-       \param colors List of 3d object colors.
-       \note
-       - Instance image contains the vertices data of the 3d object.
-       - Textured, transparent or sphere-shaped primitives cannot be managed by the .off file format.
-       Such primitives will be lost or simplified during file saving.
-       - The .off file format is <a href="http://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/html/off_format.html">described here</a>.
-    **/
-    template<typename tf, typename tc>
-    const CImg<T>& save_off(const CImgList<tf>& primitives, const CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                            const char *const filename) const {
-      return _save_off(primitives,colors,0,filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Save 3d object as an Object File Format (.off) file \overloading.
-    /**
-       Same as save_off(const CImgList<tf>&,const CImgList<tc>&,const char*) const
-       with a file stream argument instead of a filename string.
-    **/
-    template<typename tf, typename tc>
-    const CImg<T>& save_off(const CImgList<tf>& primitives, const CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                            std::FILE *const file) const {
-      return _save_off(primitives,colors,file,0);
-    }
-
-    template<typename tf, typename tc>
-    const CImg<T>& _save_off(const CImgList<tf>& primitives, const CImgList<tc>& colors,
-                             std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) const {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_off(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_off(): Empty instance, for file '%s'.",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-      CImgList<T> opacities;
-      char error_message[1024] = { 0 };
-      if (!is_object3d(primitives,colors,opacities,true,error_message))
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_off(): Invalid specified 3d object, for file '%s' (%s).",
-                                    cimg_instance,
-                                    filename?filename:"(FILE*)",error_message);
-
-      const CImg<tc> default_color(1,3,1,1,200);
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"w");
-      unsigned int supported_primitives = 0;
-      cimglist_for(primitives,l) if (primitives[l].size()!=5) ++supported_primitives;
-      std::fprintf(nfile,"OFF\n%u %u %u\n",_width,supported_primitives,3*primitives._width);
-      cimg_forX(*this,i) std::fprintf(nfile,"%f %f %f\n",
-                                      (float)((*this)(i,0)),(float)((*this)(i,1)),(float)((*this)(i,2)));
-      cimglist_for(primitives,l) {
-        const CImg<tc>& color = l<colors.width()?colors[l]:default_color;
-        const unsigned int psiz = primitives[l].size(), csiz = color.size();
-        const float r = color[0]/255.0f, g = (csiz>1?color[1]:r)/255.0f, b = (csiz>2?color[2]:g)/255.0f;
-        switch (psiz) {
-        case 1 : std::fprintf(nfile,"1 %u %f %f %f\n",
-                              (unsigned int)primitives(l,0),r,g,b); break;
-        case 2 : std::fprintf(nfile,"2 %u %u %f %f %f\n",
-                              (unsigned int)primitives(l,0),(unsigned int)primitives(l,1),r,g,b); break;
-        case 3 : std::fprintf(nfile,"3 %u %u %u %f %f %f\n",
-                              (unsigned int)primitives(l,0),(unsigned int)primitives(l,2),
-                              (unsigned int)primitives(l,1),r,g,b); break;
-        case 4 : std::fprintf(nfile,"4 %u %u %u %u %f %f %f\n",
-                              (unsigned int)primitives(l,0),(unsigned int)primitives(l,3),
-                              (unsigned int)primitives(l,2),(unsigned int)primitives(l,1),r,g,b); break;
-        case 5 : std::fprintf(nfile,"2 %u %u %f %f %f\n",
-                              (unsigned int)primitives(l,0),(unsigned int)primitives(l,1),r,g,b); break;
-        case 6 : {
-          const unsigned int xt = (unsigned int)primitives(l,2), yt = (unsigned int)primitives(l,3);
-          const float
-            rt = color.atXY(xt,yt,0)/255.0f,
-            gt = (csiz>1?color.atXY(xt,yt,1):r)/255.0f,
-            bt = (csiz>2?color.atXY(xt,yt,2):g)/255.0f;
-          std::fprintf(nfile,"2 %u %u %f %f %f\n",
-                       (unsigned int)primitives(l,0),(unsigned int)primitives(l,1),rt,gt,bt);
-        } break;
-        case 9 : {
-          const unsigned int xt = (unsigned int)primitives(l,3), yt = (unsigned int)primitives(l,4);
-          const float
-            rt = color.atXY(xt,yt,0)/255.0f,
-            gt = (csiz>1?color.atXY(xt,yt,1):r)/255.0f,
-            bt = (csiz>2?color.atXY(xt,yt,2):g)/255.0f;
-          std::fprintf(nfile,"3 %u %u %u %f %f %f\n",
-                       (unsigned int)primitives(l,0),(unsigned int)primitives(l,2),
-                       (unsigned int)primitives(l,1),rt,gt,bt);
-        } break;
-        case 12 : {
-          const unsigned int xt = (unsigned int)primitives(l,4), yt = (unsigned int)primitives(l,5);
-          const float
-            rt = color.atXY(xt,yt,0)/255.0f,
-            gt = (csiz>1?color.atXY(xt,yt,1):r)/255.0f,
-            bt = (csiz>2?color.atXY(xt,yt,2):g)/255.0f;
-          std::fprintf(nfile,"4 %u %u %u %u %f %f %f\n",
-                       (unsigned int)primitives(l,0),(unsigned int)primitives(l,3),
-                       (unsigned int)primitives(l,2),(unsigned int)primitives(l,1),rt,gt,bt);
-        } break;
-        }
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save volumetric image as a video, using ffmpeg external binary.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \param codec Video codec, as a C-string.
-       \param fps Video framerate.
-       \param bitrate Video bitrate.
-       \note
-       - Each slice of the instance image is considered to be a single frame of the output video file.
-       - This method uses \c ffmpeg, an external executable binary provided by
-         <a href="http://www.ffmpeg.org">FFmpeg</a>.
-       It must be installed for the method to succeed.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_ffmpeg_external(const char *const filename, const char *const codec=0,
-                                        const unsigned int fps=25, const unsigned int bitrate=2048) const {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_ffmpeg_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
-
-      CImgList<T> list;
-      get_split('z').move_to(list);
-      list.save_ffmpeg_external(filename,codec,fps,bitrate);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image using gzip external binary.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \note This method uses \c gzip, an external executable binary provided by
-         <a href="//http://www.gzip.org">gzip</a>.
-       It must be installed for the method to succeed.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_gzip_external(const char *const filename) const {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_gzip_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
-
-      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 }, body[512] = { 0 };
-      const char
-        *ext = cimg::split_filename(filename,body),
-        *ext2 = cimg::split_filename(body,0);
-      std::FILE *file;
-      do {
-        if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"gz")) {
-          if (*ext2) cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.%s",
-                                   cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand(),ext2);
-          else cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.cimg",
-                             cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
-        } else {
-          if (*ext) cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.%s",
-                                  cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand(),ext);
-          else cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.cimg",
-                             cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
-        }
-        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-      } while (file);
-      save(filetmp);
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -c \"%s\" > \"%s\"",
-                    cimg::gzip_path(),
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data(),
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data());
-      cimg::system(command);
-      file = std::fopen(filename,"rb");
-      if (!file)
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "save_gzip_external(): Failed to save file '%s' with external command 'gzip'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              filename);
-
-      else cimg::fclose(file);
-      std::remove(filetmp);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image using GraphicsMagick's external binary.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \param quality Image quality (expressed in percent), when the file format supports it.
-       \note This method uses \c gm, an external executable binary provided by
-         <a href="http://www.graphicsmagick.org">GraphicsMagick</a>.
-       It must be installed for the method to succeed.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_graphicsmagick_external(const char *const filename, const unsigned int quality=100) const {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_graphicsmagick_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
-
-#ifdef cimg_use_png
-#define _cimg_sge_ext1 "png"
-#define _cimg_sge_ext2 "png"
-#else
-#define _cimg_sge_ext1 "pgm"
-#define _cimg_sge_ext2 "ppm"
-#endif
-      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 };
-      std::FILE *file;
-      do {
-        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.%s",
-                      cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand(),
-                      _spectrum==1?_cimg_sge_ext1:_cimg_sge_ext2);
-        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-      } while (file);
-#ifdef cimg_use_png
-      save_png(filetmp);
-#else
-      save_pnm(filetmp);
-#endif
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s convert -quality %u \"%s\" \"%s\"",
-                    cimg::graphicsmagick_path(),quality,
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data(),
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data());
-      cimg::system(command);
-      file = std::fopen(filename,"rb");
-      if (!file)
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "save_graphicsmagick_external(): Failed to save file '%s' with external command 'gm'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              filename);
-
-      if (file) cimg::fclose(file);
-      std::remove(filetmp);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image using ImageMagick's external binary.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \param quality Image quality (expressed in percent), when the file format supports it.
-       \note This method uses \c convert, an external executable binary provided by
-       <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org">ImageMagick</a>.
-       It must be installed for the method to succeed.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_imagemagick_external(const char *const filename, const unsigned int quality=100) const {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_imagemagick_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
-
-#ifdef cimg_use_png
-#define _cimg_sie_ext1 "png"
-#define _cimg_sie_ext2 "png"
-#else
-#define _cimg_sie_ext1 "pgm"
-#define _cimg_sie_ext2 "ppm"
-#endif
-      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 };
-      std::FILE *file;
-      do {
-        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.%s",cimg::temporary_path(),
-                      cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand(),_spectrum==1?_cimg_sie_ext1:_cimg_sie_ext2);
-        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-      } while (file);
-#ifdef cimg_use_png
-      save_png(filetmp);
-#else
-      save_pnm(filetmp);
-#endif
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -quality %u \"%s\" \"%s\"",
-                    cimg::imagemagick_path(),quality,
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data(),
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data());
-      cimg::system(command);
-      file = std::fopen(filename,"rb");
-      if (!file)
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "save_imagemagick_external(): Failed to save file '%s' with external command 'convert'.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              filename);
-
-      if (file) cimg::fclose(file);
-      std::remove(filetmp);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image as a Dicom file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \note This method uses \c medcon, an external executable binary provided by
-         <a href="http://xmedcon.sourceforge.net">(X)Medcon</a>.
-       It must be installed for the method to succeed.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_medcon_external(const char *const filename) const {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_medcon_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
-
-      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 }, body[512] = { 0 };
-      std::FILE *file;
-      do {
-        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s.hdr",cimg::filenamerand());
-        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-      } while (file);
-      save_analyze(filetmp);
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -w -c dicom -o \"%s\" -f \"%s\"",
-                    cimg::medcon_path(),
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data(),
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data());
-      cimg::system(command);
-      std::remove(filetmp);
-      cimg::split_filename(filetmp,body);
-      cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s.img",body);
-      std::remove(filetmp);
-
-      file = std::fopen(filename,"rb");
-      if (!file) {
-        cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"m000-%s",filename);
-        file = std::fopen(command,"rb");
-        if (!file) {
-          cimg::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"r"));
-          throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                                "save_medcon_external(): Failed to save file '%s' with external command 'medcon'.",
-                                cimg_instance,
-                                filename);
-        }
-      }
-      cimg::fclose(file);
-      std::rename(command,filename);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    // Save image for non natively supported formats.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \param quality Image quality (expressed in percent), when the file format supports it.
-       \note
-       - The filename extension tells about the desired file format.
-       - This method tries to save the instance image as a file, using external tools from
-       <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org">ImageMagick</a> or
-       <a href="http://www.graphicsmagick.org">GraphicsMagick</a>.
-         At least one of these tool must be installed for the method to succeed.
-       - It is recommended to use the generic method save(const char*, int) const instead,
-         as it can handle some file formats natively.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& save_other(const char *const filename, const unsigned int quality=100) const {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
-                                    "save_other(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimg_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
-
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      bool is_saved = true;
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      try { save_magick(filename); }
-      catch (CImgException&) {
-        try { save_imagemagick_external(filename,quality); }
-        catch (CImgException&) {
-          try { save_graphicsmagick_external(filename,quality); }
-          catch (CImgException&) {
-            is_saved = false;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      if (!is_saved)
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
-                              "save_other(): Failed to save file '%s'. Format is not natively supported, "
-                              "and no external commands succeeded.",
-                              cimg_instance,
-                              filename);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    // [internal] Return a 40x38 color logo of a 'danger' item.
-    static CImg<T> _logo40x38() {
-      CImg<T> res(40,38,1,3);
-      const unsigned char *ptrs = cimg::logo40x38;
-      T *ptr1 = res.data(0,0,0,0), *ptr2 = res.data(0,0,0,1), *ptr3 = res.data(0,0,0,2);
-      for (unsigned long off = 0; off<(unsigned long)res._width*res._height;) {
-        const unsigned char n = *(ptrs++), r = *(ptrs++), g = *(ptrs++), b = *(ptrs++);
-        for (unsigned int l = 0; l<n; ++off, ++l) { *(ptr1++) = (T)r; *(ptr2++) = (T)g; *(ptr3++) = (T)b; }
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //@}
-  };
-
-  /*
-   #-----------------------------------------
-   #
-   #
-   #
-   # Definition of the CImgList<T> structure
-   #
-   #
-   #
-   #------------------------------------------
-   */
-  //! Represent a list of images CImg<T>.
-  template<typename T>
-  struct CImgList {
-    unsigned int _width, _allocated_width;
-    CImg<T> *_data;
-
-    //! Simple iterator type, to loop through each image of a list.
-    /**
-       \note
-       - The \c CImgList<T>::iterator type is defined as a <tt>CImg<T>*</tt>.
-       - You may use it like this:
-       \code
-       CImgList<> list;   // Assuming this image list is not empty.
-       for (CImgList<>::iterator it = list.begin(); it<list.end(); ++it) (*it).mirror('x');
-       \endcode
-       - Using the loop macro \c cimglist_for is another (more concise) alternative:
-       \code
-       cimglist_for(list,l) list[l].mirror('x');
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    typedef CImg<T>* iterator;
-
-    //! Simple const iterator type, to loop through each image of a \c const list instance.
-    /**
-       \note
-       - The \c CImgList<T>::const_iterator type is defined to be a <tt>const CImg<T>*</tt>.
-       - Similar to CImgList<T>::iterator, but for constant list instances.
-    **/
-    typedef const CImg<T>* const_iterator;
-
-    //! Pixel value type.
-    /**
-       Refer to the pixels value type of the images in the list.
-       \note
-       - The \c CImgList<T>::value_type type of a \c CImgList<T> is defined to be a \c T.
-         It is then similar to CImg<T>::value_type.
-       - \c CImgList<T>::value_type is actually not used in %CImg methods. It has been mainly defined for
-         compatibility with STL naming conventions.
-    **/
-    typedef T value_type;
-
-    // Define common T-dependant types.
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,bool>::type Tbool;
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,unsigned char>::type Tuchar;
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,char>::type Tchar;
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,unsigned short>::type Tushort;
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,short>::type Tshort;
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,unsigned int>::type Tuint;
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,int>::type Tint;
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,unsigned long>::type Tulong;
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,long>::type Tlong;
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,float>::type Tfloat;
-    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,double>::type Tdouble;
-    typedef typename cimg::last<T,bool>::type boolT;
-    typedef typename cimg::last<T,unsigned char>::type ucharT;
-    typedef typename cimg::last<T,char>::type charT;
-    typedef typename cimg::last<T,unsigned short>::type ushortT;
-    typedef typename cimg::last<T,short>::type shortT;
-    typedef typename cimg::last<T,unsigned int>::type uintT;
-    typedef typename cimg::last<T,int>::type intT;
-    typedef typename cimg::last<T,unsigned long>::type ulongT;
-    typedef typename cimg::last<T,long>::type longT;
-    typedef typename cimg::last<T,float>::type floatT;
-    typedef typename cimg::last<T,double>::type doubleT;
-
-    //@}
-    //---------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Plugins
-    //@{
-    //---------------------------
-#ifdef cimglist_plugin
-#include cimglist_plugin
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_plugin1
-#include cimglist_plugin1
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_plugin2
-#include cimglist_plugin2
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_plugin3
-#include cimglist_plugin3
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_plugin4
-#include cimglist_plugin4
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_plugin5
-#include cimglist_plugin5
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_plugin6
-#include cimglist_plugin6
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_plugin7
-#include cimglist_plugin7
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_plugin8
-#include cimglist_plugin8
-#endif
-
-    //@}
-    //--------------------------------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Constructors / Destructor / Instance Management
-    //@{
-    //--------------------------------------------------------
-
-    //! Destructor.
-    /**
-       Destroy current list instance.
-       \note
-       - Any allocated buffer is deallocated.
-       - Destroying an empty list does nothing actually.
-     **/
-    ~CImgList() {
-      delete[] _data;
-    }
-
-    //! Default constructor.
-    /**
-       Construct a new empty list instance.
-       \note
-       - An empty list has no pixel data and its dimension width() is set to \c 0, as well as its
-         image buffer pointer data().
-       - An empty list may be reassigned afterwards, with the family of the assign() methods.
-         In all cases, the type of pixels stays \c T.
-     **/
-    CImgList():
-      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {}
-
-    //! Construct list containing empty images.
-    /**
-       \param n Number of empty images.
-       \note Useful when you know by advance the number of images you want to manage, as
-       it will allocate the right amount of memory for the list, without needs for reallocation
-       (that may occur when starting from an empty list and inserting several images in it).
-    **/
-    explicit CImgList(const unsigned int n):_width(n) {
-      if (n) _data = new CImg<T>[_allocated_width = cimg::max(16UL,cimg::nearest_pow2(n))];
-      else { _allocated_width = 0; _data = 0; }
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list containing images of specified size.
-    /**
-       \param n Number of images.
-       \param width Width of images.
-       \param height Height of images.
-       \param depth Depth of images.
-       \param spectrum Number of channels of images.
-       \note Pixel values are not initialized and may probably contain garbage.
-    **/
-    CImgList(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int width, const unsigned int height=1,
-             const unsigned int depth=1, const unsigned int spectrum=1):
-      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
-      assign(n);
-      cimglist_apply(*this,assign)(width,height,depth,spectrum);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list containing images of specified size, and initialize pixel values.
-    /**
-       \param n Number of images.
-       \param width Width of images.
-       \param height Height of images.
-       \param depth Depth of images.
-       \param spectrum Number of channels of images.
-       \param val Initialization value for images pixels.
-    **/
-    CImgList(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int width, const unsigned int height,
-             const unsigned int depth, const unsigned int spectrum, const T val):
-      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
-      assign(n);
-      cimglist_apply(*this,assign)(width,height,depth,spectrum,val);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list containing images of specified size, and initialize pixel values from a sequence of integers.
-    /**
-       \param n Number of images.
-       \param width Width of images.
-       \param height Height of images.
-       \param depth Depth of images.
-       \param spectrum Number of channels of images.
-       \param val0 First value of the initializing integers sequence.
-       \param val1 Second value of the initializing integers sequence.
-       \warning You must specify at least <tt>width*height*depth*spectrum</tt> values in your argument list,
-         or you will probably segfault.
-    **/
-    CImgList(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int width, const unsigned int height,
-             const unsigned int depth, const unsigned int spectrum, const int val0, const int val1, ...):
-      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
-#define _CImgList_stdarg(t) { \
-	assign(n,width,height,depth,spectrum); \
-	const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)width*height*depth*spectrum, nsiz = siz*n; \
-	T *ptrd = _data->_data; \
-	va_list ap; \
-	va_start(ap,val1); \
-	for (unsigned long l = 0, s = 0, i = 0; i<nsiz; ++i) { \
-	  *(ptrd++) = (T)(i==0?val0:(i==1?val1:va_arg(ap,t))); \
-	  if ((++s)==siz) { ptrd = _data[++l]._data; s = 0; } \
-	} \
-	va_end(ap); \
-      }
-      _CImgList_stdarg(int);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list containing images of specified size, and initialize pixel values from a sequence of doubles.
-    /**
-       \param n Number of images.
-       \param width Width of images.
-       \param height Height of images.
-       \param depth Depth of images.
-       \param spectrum Number of channels of images.
-       \param val0 First value of the initializing doubles sequence.
-       \param val1 Second value of the initializing doubles sequence.
-       \warning You must specify at least <tt>width*height*depth*spectrum</tt> values in your argument list,
-         or you will probably segfault.
-    **/
-    CImgList(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int width, const unsigned int height,
-             const unsigned int depth, const unsigned int spectrum, const double val0, const double val1, ...):
-      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
-      _CImgList_stdarg(double);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list containing copies of an input image.
-    /**
-       \param n Number of images.
-       \param img Input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param is_shared Tells if the elements of the list are shared or non-shared copies of \c img.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList(const unsigned int n, const CImg<t>& img, const bool is_shared=false):
-      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
-      assign(n);
-      cimglist_apply(*this,assign)(img,is_shared);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list from one image.
-    /**
-       \param img Input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param is_shared Tells if the element of the list is a shared or non-shared copy of \c img.
-     **/
-    template<typename t>
-    explicit CImgList(const CImg<t>& img, const bool is_shared=false):
-      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
-      assign(1);
-      _data[0].assign(img,is_shared);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list from two images.
-    /**
-       \param img1 First input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img2 Second input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param is_shared Tells if the elements of the list are shared or non-shared copies of input images.
-     **/
-    template<typename t1, typename t2>
-    CImgList(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const bool is_shared=false):
-      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
-      assign(2);
-      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list from three images.
-    /**
-       \param img1 First input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img2 Second input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img3 Third input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param is_shared Tells if the elements of the list are shared or non-shared copies of input images.
-    **/
-    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3>
-    CImgList(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const bool is_shared=false):
-      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
-      assign(3);
-      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list from four images.
-    /**
-       \param img1 First input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img2 Second input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img3 Third input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img4 Fourth input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param is_shared Tells if the elements of the list are shared or non-shared copies of input images.
-    **/
-    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4>
-    CImgList(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const CImg<t4>& img4,
-             const bool is_shared=false):
-      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
-      assign(4);
-      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
-      _data[3].assign(img4,is_shared);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list from five images.
-    /**
-       \param img1 First input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img2 Second input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img3 Third input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img4 Fourth input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img5 Fifth input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param is_shared Tells if the elements of the list are shared or non-shared copies of input images.
-    **/
-    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4, typename t5>
-    CImgList(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const CImg<t4>& img4,
-             const CImg<t5>& img5, const bool is_shared=false):
-      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
-      assign(5);
-      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
-      _data[3].assign(img4,is_shared); _data[4].assign(img5,is_shared);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list from six images.
-    /**
-       \param img1 First input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img2 Second input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img3 Third input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img4 Fourth input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img5 Fifth input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img6 Sixth input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param is_shared Tells if the elements of the list are shared or non-shared copies of input images.
-    **/
-    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4, typename t5, typename t6>
-    CImgList(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const CImg<t4>& img4,
-             const CImg<t5>& img5, const CImg<t6>& img6, const bool is_shared=false):
-      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
-      assign(6);
-      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
-      _data[3].assign(img4,is_shared); _data[4].assign(img5,is_shared); _data[5].assign(img6,is_shared);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list from seven images.
-    /**
-       \param img1 First input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img2 Second input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img3 Third input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img4 Fourth input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img5 Fifth input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img6 Sixth input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img7 Seventh input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param is_shared Tells if the elements of the list are shared or non-shared copies of input images.
-    **/
-    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4, typename t5, typename t6, typename t7>
-    CImgList(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const CImg<t4>& img4,
-             const CImg<t5>& img5, const CImg<t6>& img6, const CImg<t7>& img7, const bool is_shared=false):
-      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
-      assign(7);
-      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
-      _data[3].assign(img4,is_shared); _data[4].assign(img5,is_shared); _data[5].assign(img6,is_shared);
-      _data[6].assign(img7,is_shared);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list from eight images.
-    /**
-       \param img1 First input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img2 Second input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img3 Third input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img4 Fourth input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img5 Fifth input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img6 Sixth input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img7 Seventh input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param img8 Eighth input image to copy in the constructed list.
-       \param is_shared Tells if the elements of the list are shared or non-shared copies of input images.
-    **/
-    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4, typename t5, typename t6, typename t7, typename t8>
-    CImgList(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const CImg<t4>& img4,
-             const CImg<t5>& img5, const CImg<t6>& img6, const CImg<t7>& img7, const CImg<t8>& img8,
-             const bool is_shared=false):
-      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
-      assign(8);
-      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
-      _data[3].assign(img4,is_shared); _data[4].assign(img5,is_shared); _data[5].assign(img6,is_shared);
-      _data[6].assign(img7,is_shared); _data[7].assign(img8,is_shared);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list copy.
-    /**
-       \param list Input list to copy.
-       \note The shared state of each element of the constructed list is kept the same as in \c list.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList(const CImgList<t>& list):_width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
-      assign(list._width);
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) _data[l].assign(list[l],false);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list copy \specialization.
-    CImgList(const CImgList<T>& list):_width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
-      assign(list._width);
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) _data[l].assign(list[l],list[l]._is_shared);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list copy, and force the shared state of the list elements.
-    /**
-       \param list Input list to copy.
-       \param is_shared Tells if the elements of the list are shared or non-shared copies of input images.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList(const CImgList<t>& list, const bool is_shared):_width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
-      assign(list._width);
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) _data[l].assign(list[l],is_shared);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list by reading the content of a file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-    **/
-    explicit CImgList(const char *const filename):_width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
-      assign(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list from the content of a display window.
-    /**
-       \param disp Display window to get content from.
-       \note Constructed list contains a single image only.
-    **/
-    explicit CImgList(const CImgDisplay& disp):_width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
-      assign(disp);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a list with elements being shared copies of images in the list instance.
-    /**
-      \note <tt>list2 = list1.get_shared()</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list2.assign(list1,true)</tt>.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T> get_shared() {
-      CImgList<T> res(_width);
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) res[l].assign(_data[l],true);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a list with elements being shared copies of images in the list instance \const.
-    const CImgList<T> get_shared() const {
-      CImgList<T> res(_width);
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) res[l].assign(_data[l],true);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Destructor \inplace.
-    /**
-       \see CImgList().
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& assign() {
-      delete[] _data;
-      _width = _allocated_width = 0;
-      _data = 0;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Destructor \inplace.
-    /**
-       Equivalent to assign().
-       \note Only here for compatibility with STL naming conventions.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& clear() {
-      return assign();
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list containing empty images \inplace.
-    /**
-       \see CImgList(unsigned int).
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& assign(const unsigned int n) {
-      if (!n) return assign();
-      if (_allocated_width<n || _allocated_width>(n<<2)) {
-        delete[] _data;
-        _data = new CImg<T>[_allocated_width=cimg::max(16UL,cimg::nearest_pow2(n))];
-      }
-      _width = n;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list containing images of specified size \inplace.
-    /**
-       \see CImgList(unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int).
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& assign(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int width, const unsigned int height=1,
-                        const unsigned int depth=1, const unsigned int spectrum=1) {
-      assign(n);
-      cimglist_apply(*this,assign)(width,height,depth,spectrum);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list containing images of specified size, and initialize pixel values \inplace.
-    /**
-       \see CImgList(unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, const T).
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& assign(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int width, const unsigned int height,
-                        const unsigned int depth, const unsigned int spectrum, const T val) {
-      assign(n);
-      cimglist_apply(*this,assign)(width,height,depth,spectrum,val);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list with images of specified size, and initialize pixel values from a sequence of integers \inplace.
-    /**
-       \see CImgList(unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, const int, const int, ...).
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& assign(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int width, const unsigned int height,
-                        const unsigned int depth, const unsigned int spectrum, const int val0, const int val1, ...) {
-      _CImgList_stdarg(int);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list with images of specified size, and initialize pixel values from a sequence of doubles \inplace.
-    /**
-       \see CImgList(unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, const double, const double, ...).
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& assign(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int width, const unsigned int height,
-                        const unsigned int depth, const unsigned int spectrum,
-                        const double val0, const double val1, ...) {
-      _CImgList_stdarg(double);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list containing copies of an input image \inplace.
-    /**
-       \see CImgList(unsigned int, const CImg<t>&, bool).
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<T>& assign(const unsigned int n, const CImg<t>& img, const bool is_shared=false) {
-      assign(n);
-      cimglist_apply(*this,assign)(img,is_shared);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list from one image \inplace.
-    /**
-       \see CImgList(const CImg<t>&, bool).
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<T>& assign(const CImg<t>& img, const bool is_shared=false) {
-      assign(1);
-      _data[0].assign(img,is_shared);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list from two images \inplace.
-    /**
-       \see CImgList(const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, bool).
-    **/
-    template<typename t1, typename t2>
-    CImgList<T>& assign(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const bool is_shared=false) {
-      assign(2);
-      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list from three images \inplace.
-    /**
-       \see CImgList(const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, bool).
-    **/
-    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3>
-    CImgList<T>& assign(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const bool is_shared=false) {
-      assign(3);
-      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list from four images \inplace.
-    /**
-       \see CImgList(const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, bool).
-    **/
-    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4>
-    CImgList<T>& assign(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const CImg<t4>& img4,
-                        const bool is_shared=false) {
-      assign(4);
-      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
-      _data[3].assign(img4,is_shared);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list from five images \inplace.
-    /**
-       \see CImgList(const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, bool).
-    **/
-    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4, typename t5>
-    CImgList<T>& assign(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const CImg<t4>& img4,
-                        const CImg<t5>& img5, const bool is_shared=false) {
-      assign(5);
-      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
-      _data[3].assign(img4,is_shared); _data[4].assign(img5,is_shared);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list from six images \inplace.
-    /**
-       \see CImgList(const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, bool).
-    **/
-    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4, typename t5, typename t6>
-    CImgList<T>& assign(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const CImg<t4>& img4,
-                        const CImg<t5>& img5, const CImg<t6>& img6, const bool is_shared=false) {
-      assign(6);
-      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
-      _data[3].assign(img4,is_shared); _data[4].assign(img5,is_shared); _data[5].assign(img6,is_shared);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list from seven images \inplace.
-    /**
-       \see CImgList(const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, bool).
-    **/
-    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4, typename t5, typename t6, typename t7>
-    CImgList<T>& assign(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const CImg<t4>& img4,
-                        const CImg<t5>& img5, const CImg<t6>& img6, const CImg<t7>& img7, const bool is_shared=false) {
-      assign(7);
-      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
-      _data[3].assign(img4,is_shared); _data[4].assign(img5,is_shared); _data[5].assign(img6,is_shared);
-      _data[6].assign(img7,is_shared);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list from eight images \inplace.
-    /**
-       \see CImgList(const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, bool).
-    **/
-    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4, typename t5, typename t6, typename t7, typename t8>
-    CImgList<T>& assign(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const CImg<t4>& img4,
-                        const CImg<t5>& img5, const CImg<t6>& img6, const CImg<t7>& img7, const CImg<t8>& img8,
-                        const bool is_shared=false) {
-      assign(8);
-      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
-      _data[3].assign(img4,is_shared); _data[4].assign(img5,is_shared); _data[5].assign(img6,is_shared);
-      _data[6].assign(img7,is_shared); _data[7].assign(img8,is_shared);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list as a copy of an existing list and force the shared state of the list elements \inplace.
-    /**
-      \see CImgList(const CImgList<t>&, bool is_shared).
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<T>& assign(const CImgList<t>& list, const bool is_shared=false) {
-      cimg::unused(is_shared);
-      assign(list._width);
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) _data[l].assign(list[l],false);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list as a copy of an existing list and force shared state of elements \inplace \specialization.
-    CImgList<T>& assign(const CImgList<T>& list, const bool is_shared=false) {
-      if (this==&list) return *this;
-      CImgList<T> res(list._width);
-      cimglist_for(res,l) res[l].assign(list[l],is_shared);
-      return res.move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list by reading the content of a file \inplace.
-    /**
-      \see CImgList(const char *const).
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& assign(const char *const filename) {
-      return load(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list from the content of a display window \inplace.
-    /**
-      \see CImgList(const CImgDisplay&).
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& assign(const CImgDisplay &disp) {
-      return assign(CImg<T>(disp));
-    }
-
-    //! Transfer the content of the list instance to another list.
-    /**
-       \param list Destination list.
-       \note When returning, the current list instance is empty and the initial content of \c list is destroyed.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<t>& move_to(CImgList<t>& list) {
-      list.assign(_width);
-      bool is_one_shared_element = false;
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) is_one_shared_element|=_data[l]._is_shared;
-      if (is_one_shared_element) cimglist_for(*this,l) list[l].assign(_data[l]);
-      else cimglist_for(*this,l) _data[l].move_to(list[l]);
-      assign();
-      return list;
-    }
-
-    //! Transfer the content of the list instance at a specified position in another list.
-    /**
-       \param list Destination list.
-       \param pos Index of the insertion in the list.
-       \note When returning, the list instance is empty and the initial content of \c list is preserved
-       (only images indexes may be modified).
-     **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<t>& move_to(CImgList<t>& list, const unsigned int pos) {
-      if (is_empty()) return list;
-      const unsigned int npos = pos>list._width?list._width:pos;
-      list.insert(_width,npos);
-      bool is_one_shared_element = false;
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) is_one_shared_element|=_data[l]._is_shared;
-      if (is_one_shared_element) cimglist_for(*this,l) list[npos+l].assign(_data[l]);
-      else cimglist_for(*this,l) _data[l].move_to(list[npos+l]);
-      assign();
-      return list;
-    }
-
-    //! Swap all fields between two list instances.
-    /**
-       \param list List to swap fields with.
-       \note Can be used to exchange the content of two lists in a fast way.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& swap(CImgList<T>& list) {
-      cimg::swap(_width,list._width);
-      cimg::swap(_allocated_width,list._allocated_width);
-      cimg::swap(_data,list._data);
-      return list;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to an empty list.
-    /**
-      \note Can be used to define default values in a function taking a CImgList<T> as an argument.
-      \code
-      void f(const CImgList<char>& list=CImgList<char>::empty());
-      \endcode
-    **/
-    static CImgList<T>& empty() {
-      static CImgList<T> _empty;
-      return _empty.assign();
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //------------------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Overloaded Operators
-    //@{
-    //------------------------------------------
-
-    //! Return a reference to one image element of the list.
-    /**
-       \param pos Indice of the image element.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& operator()(const unsigned int pos) {
-#if cimg_verbosity>=3
-      if (pos>=_width) {
-        cimg::warn(_cimglist_instance
-                   "operator(): Invalid image request, at position [%u].",
-                   cimglist_instance,
-                   pos);
-        return *_data;
-      }
-#endif
-      return _data[pos];
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to one image of the list.
-    /**
-       \param pos Indice of the image element.
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& operator()(const unsigned int pos) const {
-      return const_cast<CImgList<T>*>(this)->operator()(pos);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to one pixel value of one image of the list.
-    /**
-       \param pos Indice of the image element.
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \note <tt>list(n,x,y,z,c)</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list[n](x,y,z,c)</tt>.
-    **/
-    T& operator()(const unsigned int pos, const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y=0,
-                  const unsigned int z=0, const unsigned int c=0) {
-      return (*this)[pos](x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to one pixel value of one image of the list \const.
-    const T& operator()(const unsigned int pos, const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y=0,
-                        const unsigned int z=0, const unsigned int c=0) const {
-      return (*this)[pos](x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Return pointer to the first image of the list.
-    /**
-       \note Images in a list are stored as a buffer of \c CImg<T>.
-    **/
-    operator CImg<T>*() {
-      return _data;
-    }
-
-    //! Return pointer to the first image of the list \const.
-    operator const CImg<T>*() const {
-      return _data;
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list from one image \inplace.
-    /**
-        \param img Input image to copy in the constructed list.
-        \note <tt>list = img;</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list.assign(img);</tt>.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<T>& operator=(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      return assign(img);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list from another list.
-    /**
-       \param list Input list to copy.
-       \note <tt>list1 = list2</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list1.assign(list2);</tt>.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<T>& operator=(const CImgList<t>& list) {
-      return assign(list);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list from another list \specialization.
-    CImgList<T>& operator=(const CImgList<T>& list) {
-      return assign(list);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list by reading the content of a file \inplace.
-    /**
-       \see CImgList(const char *const).
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& operator=(const char *const filename) {
-      return assign(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Construct list from the content of a display window \inplace.
-    /**
-        \see CImgList(const CImgDisplay&).
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& operator=(const CImgDisplay& disp) {
-      return assign(disp);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a non-shared copy of a list.
-    /**
-        \note <tt>+list</tt> is equivalent to <tt>CImgList<T>(list,false)</tt>.
-          It forces the copy to have non-shared elements.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T> operator+() const {
-      return CImgList<T>(*this,false);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a copy of the list instance, where image \c img has been inserted at the end.
-    /**
-       \param img Image inserted at the end of the instance copy.
-       \note Define a convenient way to create temporary lists of images, as in the following code:
-       \code
-       (img1,img2,img3,img4).display("My four images");
-       \endcode
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<T>& operator,(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      return insert(img);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a copy of the list instance, where image \c img has been inserted at the end \const.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<T> operator,(const CImg<t>& img) const {
-      return (+*this).insert(img);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a copy of the list instance, where all elements of input list \c list have been inserted at the end.
-    /**
-       \param list List inserted at the end of the instance copy.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<T>& operator,(const CImgList<t>& list) {
-      return insert(list);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a copy of the list instance, where all elements of input \c list have been inserted at the end \const.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<T>& operator,(const CImgList<t>& list) const {
-      return (+*this).insert(list);
-    }
-
-    //! Return image corresponding to the appending of all images of the instance list along specified axis.
-    /**
-      \param axis Appending axis. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
-      \note <tt>list>'x'</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list.get_append('x')</tt>.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> operator>(const char axis) const {
-      return get_append(axis,0);
-    }
-
-    //! Return list corresponding to the splitting of all images of the instance list along specified axis.
-    /**
-      \param axis Axis used for image splitting.
-      \note <tt>list<'x'</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list.get_split('x')</tt>.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T> operator<(const char axis) const {
-      return get_split(axis);
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //-------------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Instance Characteristics
-    //@{
-    //-------------------------------------
-
-    //! Return the type of image pixel values as a C string.
-    /**
-       Return a \c char* string containing the usual type name of the image pixel values
-       (i.e. a stringified version of the template parameter \c T).
-       \note
-       - The returned string may contain spaces (as in \c "unsigned char").
-       - If the pixel type \c T does not correspond to a registered type, the string <tt>"unknown"</tt> is returned.
-    **/
-    static const char* pixel_type() {
-      return cimg::type<T>::string();
-    }
-
-    //! Return the size of the list, i.e. the number of images contained in it.
-    /**
-      \note Similar to size() but returns result as a (signed) integer.
-    **/
-    int width() const {
-      return (int)_width;
-    }
-
-    //! Return the size of the list, i.e. the number of images contained in it.
-    /**
-      \note Similar to width() but returns result as an unsigned integer.
-    **/
-    unsigned int size() const {
-      return _width;
-    }
-
-    //! Return pointer to the first image of the list.
-    /**
-       \note Images in a list are stored as a buffer of \c CImg<T>.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> *data() {
-      return _data;
-    }
-
-    //! Return pointer to the first image of the list \const.
-    const CImg<T> *data() const {
-      return _data;
-    }
-
-    //! Return pointer to the pos-th image of the list.
-    /**
-       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
-       \note <tt>list.data(n);</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list.data + n;</tt>.
-    **/
-#if cimg_verbosity>=3
-    CImg<T> *data(const unsigned int pos) {
-      if (pos>=size())
-        cimg::warn(_cimglist_instance
-                   "data(): Invalid pointer request, at position [%u].",
-                   cimglist_instance,
-                   pos);
-      return _data + pos;
-    }
-
-    const CImg<T> *data(const unsigned int l) const {
-      return const_cast<CImgList<T>*>(this)->data(l);
-    }
-#else
-    CImg<T> *data(const unsigned int l) {
-      return _data + l;
-    }
-
-    //! Return pointer to the pos-th image of the list \const.
-    const CImg<T> *data(const unsigned int l) const {
-      return _data + l;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    //! Return iterator to the first image of the list.
-    /**
-    **/
-    iterator begin() {
-      return _data;
-    }
-
-    //! Return iterator to the first image of the list \const.
-    const_iterator begin() const {
-      return _data;
-    }
-
-    //! Return iterator to one position after the last image of the list.
-    /**
-    **/
-    iterator end() {
-      return _data + _width;
-    }
-
-    //! Return iterator to one position after the last image of the list \const.
-    const_iterator end() const {
-      return _data + _width;
-    }
-
-    //! Return reference to the first image of the list.
-    /**
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& front() {
-      return *_data;
-    }
-
-    //! Return reference to the first image of the list \const.
-    const CImg<T>& front() const {
-      return *_data;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to the last image of the list.
-    /**
-    **/
-    const CImg<T>& back() const {
-      return *(_data + _width - 1);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to the last image of the list \const.
-    CImg<T>& back() {
-      return *(_data + _width - 1);
-    }
-
-    //! Return pos-th image of the list.
-    /**
-       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
-    **/
-    CImg<T>& at(const int pos) {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "at(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-
-      return _data[pos<0?0:pos>=(int)_width?(int)_width-1:pos];
-    }
-
-    //! Access to pixel value with Dirichlet boundary conditions.
-    /**
-       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param out_value Default value returned if \c offset is outside image bounds.
-       \note <tt>list.atNXYZC(p,x,y,z,c);</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list[p].atXYZC(x,y,z,c);</tt>.
-    **/
-    T& atNXYZC(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) {
-      return (pos<0 || pos>=(int)_width)?(cimg::temporary(out_value)=out_value):_data[pos].atXYZC(x,y,z,c,out_value);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to pixel value with Dirichlet boundary conditions \const.
-    T atNXYZC(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
-      return (pos<0 || pos>=(int)_width)?out_value:_data[pos].atXYZC(x,y,z,c,out_value);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to pixel value with Neumann boundary conditions.
-    /**
-       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \note <tt>list.atNXYZC(p,x,y,z,c);</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list[p].atXYZC(x,y,z,c);</tt>.
-    **/
-    T& atNXYZC(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c) {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "atNXYZC(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-
-      return _atNXYZC(pos,x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to pixel value with Neumann boundary conditions \const.
-    T atNXYZC(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "atNXYZC(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-
-      return _atNXYZC(pos,x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    T& _atNXYZC(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c) {
-      return _data[pos<0?0:(pos>=(int)_width?(int)_width-1:pos)].atXYZC(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    T _atNXYZC(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c) const {
-      return _data[pos<0?0:(pos>=(int)_width?(int)_width-1:pos)].atXYZC(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access pixel value with Dirichlet boundary conditions for the 3 first coordinates (\c pos, \c x,\c y,\c z).
-    /**
-       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param out_value Default value returned if \c offset is outside image bounds.
-       \note <tt>list.atNXYZ(p,x,y,z,c);</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list[p].atXYZ(x,y,z,c);</tt>.
-    **/
-    T& atNXYZ(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) {
-      return (pos<0 || pos>=(int)_width)?(cimg::temporary(out_value)=out_value):_data[pos].atXYZ(x,y,z,c,out_value);
-    }
-
-    //! Access pixel value with Dirichlet boundary conditions for the 3 first coordinates (\c pos, \c x,\c y,\c z) \const.
-    T atNXYZ(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
-      return (pos<0 || pos>=(int)_width)?out_value:_data[pos].atXYZ(x,y,z,c,out_value);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to pixel value with Neumann boundary conditions for the 4 first coordinates (\c pos, \c x,\c y,\c z).
-    /**
-       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \note <tt>list.atNXYZ(p,x,y,z,c);</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list[p].atXYZ(x,y,z,c);</tt>.
-    **/
-   T& atNXYZ(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c=0) {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "atNXYZ(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-
-      return _atNXYZ(pos,x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to pixel value with Neumann boundary conditions for the 4 first coordinates (\c pos, \c x,\c y,\c z) \const.
-    T atNXYZ(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c=0) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "atNXYZ(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-
-      return _atNXYZ(pos,x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    T& _atNXYZ(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c=0) {
-      return _data[pos<0?0:(pos>=(int)_width?(int)_width-1:pos)].atXYZ(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    T _atNXYZ(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c=0) const {
-      return _data[pos<0?0:(pos>=(int)_width?(int)_width-1:pos)].atXYZ(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to pixel value with Dirichlet boundary conditions for the 3 first coordinates (\c pos, \c x,\c y).
-    /**
-       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param out_value Default value returned if \c offset is outside image bounds.
-       \note <tt>list.atNXYZ(p,x,y,z,c);</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list[p].atXYZ(x,y,z,c);</tt>.
-    **/
-    T& atNXY(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) {
-      return (pos<0 || pos>=(int)_width)?(cimg::temporary(out_value)=out_value):_data[pos].atXY(x,y,z,c,out_value);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to pixel value with Dirichlet boundary conditions for the 3 first coordinates (\c pos, \c x,\c y) \const.
-    T atNXY(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
-      return (pos<0 || pos>=(int)_width)?out_value:_data[pos].atXY(x,y,z,c,out_value);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to pixel value with Neumann boundary conditions for the 3 first coordinates (\c pos, \c x,\c y).
-    /**
-       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \note <tt>list.atNXYZ(p,x,y,z,c);</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list[p].atXYZ(x,y,z,c);</tt>.
-    **/
-    T& atNXY(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z=0, const int c=0) {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "atNXY(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-
-      return _atNXY(pos,x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to pixel value with Neumann boundary conditions for the 3 first coordinates (\c pos, \c x,\c y) \const.
-    T atNXY(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "atNXY(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-
-      return _atNXY(pos,x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    T& _atNXY(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z=0, const int c=0) {
-      return _data[pos<0?0:(pos>=(int)_width?(int)_width-1:pos)].atXY(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    T _atNXY(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
-      return _data[pos<0?0:(pos>=(int)_width?(int)_width-1:pos)].atXY(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to pixel value with Dirichlet boundary conditions for the 2 first coordinates (\c pos,\c x).
-    /**
-       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param out_value Default value returned if \c offset is outside image bounds.
-       \note <tt>list.atNXYZ(p,x,y,z,c);</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list[p].atXYZ(x,y,z,c);</tt>.
-    **/
-    T& atNX(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) {
-      return (pos<0 || pos>=(int)_width)?(cimg::temporary(out_value)=out_value):_data[pos].atX(x,y,z,c,out_value);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to pixel value with Dirichlet boundary conditions for the 2 first coordinates (\c pos,\c x) \const.
-    T atNX(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
-      return (pos<0 || pos>=(int)_width)?out_value:_data[pos].atX(x,y,z,c,out_value);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to pixel value with Neumann boundary conditions for the 2 first coordinates (\c pos, \c x).
-    /**
-       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \note <tt>list.atNXYZ(p,x,y,z,c);</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list[p].atXYZ(x,y,z,c);</tt>.
-    **/
-    T& atNX(const int pos, const int x, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "atNX(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-
-      return _atNX(pos,x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to pixel value with Neumann boundary conditions for the 2 first coordinates (\c pos, \c x) \const.
-    T atNX(const int pos, const int x, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "atNX(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-
-      return _atNX(pos,x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    T& _atNX(const int pos, const int x, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) {
-      return _data[pos<0?0:(pos>=(int)_width?(int)_width-1:pos)].atX(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    T _atNX(const int pos, const int x, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
-      return _data[pos<0?0:(pos>=(int)_width?(int)_width-1:pos)].atX(x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to pixel value with Dirichlet boundary conditions for the first coordinate (\c pos).
-    /**
-       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param out_value Default value returned if \c offset is outside image bounds.
-       \note <tt>list.atNXYZ(p,x,y,z,c);</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list[p].atXYZ(x,y,z,c);</tt>.
-    **/
-    T& atN(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) {
-      return (pos<0 || pos>=(int)_width)?(cimg::temporary(out_value)=out_value):(*this)(pos,x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Access to pixel value with Dirichlet boundary conditions for the first coordinate (\c pos) \const.
-    T atN(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
-      return (pos<0 || pos>=(int)_width)?out_value:(*this)(pos,x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Return pixel value with Neumann boundary conditions for the first coordinate (\c pos).
-    /**
-       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
-       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
-       \note <tt>list.atNXYZ(p,x,y,z,c);</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list[p].atXYZ(x,y,z,c);</tt>.
-    **/
-    T& atN(const int pos, const int x=0, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "atN(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-      return _atN(pos,x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Return pixel value with Neumann boundary conditions for the first coordinate (\c pos) \const.
-    T atN(const int pos, const int x=0, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "atN(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-      return _atN(pos,x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    T& _atN(const int pos, const int x=0, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) {
-      return _data[pos<0?0:(pos>=(int)_width?(int)_width-1:pos)](x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    T _atN(const int pos, const int x=0, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
-      return _data[pos<0?0:(pos>=(int)_width?(int)_width-1:pos)](x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a C-string containing the values of all images in the instance list.
-    /**
-       \param separator Character separator set between consecutive pixel values.
-       \param max_size Maximum size of the returned string.
-       \note The result is returne as a <tt>CImg<char></tt> image whose pixel buffer contains the desired C-string.
-    **/
-    CImg<charT> value_string(const char separator=',', const unsigned int max_size=0) const {
-      if (is_empty()) return CImg<ucharT>(1,1,1,1,0);
-      CImgList<charT> items;
-      for (unsigned int l = 0; l<_width-1; ++l) {
-        CImg<charT> item = _data[l].value_string(separator,0);
-        item.back() = separator;
-        item.move_to(items);
-      }
-      _data[_width-1].value_string(separator,0).move_to(items);
-      CImg<charT> res; (items>'x').move_to(res);
-      if (max_size) { res.crop(0,max_size); res(max_size) = 0; }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //-------------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Instance Checking
-    //@{
-    //-------------------------------------
-
-    //! Return \c true if list is empty.
-    /**
-    **/
-    bool is_empty() const {
-      return (!_data || !_width);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if number of image elements is equal to specified value.
-    /**
-        \param size_n Number of image elements to test.
-    **/
-    bool is_sameN(const unsigned int size_n) const {
-      return _width==size_n;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if number of image elements is equal between two images lists.
-    /**
-        \param list Input list to compare with.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool is_sameN(const CImgList<t>& list) const {
-      return is_sameN(list._width);
-    }
-
-    // Define useful functions to check list dimensions.
-    // (cannot be documented because macro-generated).
-#define _cimglist_def_is_same1(axis) \
-    bool is_same##axis(const unsigned int val) const { \
-      bool res = true; \
-      for (unsigned int l = 0; l<_width && res; ++l) res = _data[l].is_same##axis(val); return res; \
-    } \
-    bool is_sameN##axis(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int val) const { \
-      return is_sameN(n) && is_same##axis(val); \
-    } \
-
-#define _cimglist_def_is_same2(axis1,axis2) \
-    bool is_same##axis1##axis2(const unsigned int val1, const unsigned int val2) const { \
-      bool res = true; \
-      for (unsigned int l = 0; l<_width && res; ++l) res = _data[l].is_same##axis1##axis2(val1,val2); return res; \
-    } \
-    bool is_sameN##axis1##axis2(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int val1, const unsigned int val2) const { \
-      return is_sameN(n) && is_same##axis1##axis2(val1,val2); \
-    } \
-
-#define _cimglist_def_is_same3(axis1,axis2,axis3) \
-    bool is_same##axis1##axis2##axis3(const unsigned int val1, const unsigned int val2, \
-                                      const unsigned int val3) const { \
-      bool res = true; \
-      for (unsigned int l = 0; l<_width && res; ++l) res = _data[l].is_same##axis1##axis2##axis3(val1,val2,val3); \
-      return res; \
-    } \
-    bool is_sameN##axis1##axis2##axis3(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int val1, \
-                                       const unsigned int val2, const unsigned int val3) const { \
-      return is_sameN(n) && is_same##axis1##axis2##axis3(val1,val2,val3); \
-    } \
-
-#define _cimglist_def_is_same(axis) \
-    template<typename t> bool is_same##axis(const CImg<t>& img) const { \
-      bool res = true; for (unsigned int l = 0; l<_width && res; ++l) res = _data[l].is_same##axis(img); return res; \
-    } \
-    template<typename t> bool is_same##axis(const CImgList<t>& list) const { \
-      const unsigned int lmin = cimg::min(_width,list._width); \
-      bool res = true; for (unsigned int l = 0; l<lmin && res; ++l) res = _data[l].is_same##axis(list[l]); return res; \
-    } \
-    template<typename t> bool is_sameN##axis(const unsigned int n, const CImg<t>& img) const { \
-      return (is_sameN(n) && is_same##axis(img)); \
-    } \
-    template<typename t> bool is_sameN##axis(const CImgList<t>& list) const { \
-      return (is_sameN(list) && is_same##axis(list)); \
-    }
-
-    _cimglist_def_is_same(XY)
-    _cimglist_def_is_same(XZ)
-    _cimglist_def_is_same(XC)
-    _cimglist_def_is_same(YZ)
-    _cimglist_def_is_same(YC)
-    _cimglist_def_is_same(XYZ)
-    _cimglist_def_is_same(XYC)
-    _cimglist_def_is_same(YZC)
-    _cimglist_def_is_same(XYZC)
-    _cimglist_def_is_same1(X)
-    _cimglist_def_is_same1(Y)
-    _cimglist_def_is_same1(Z)
-    _cimglist_def_is_same1(C)
-    _cimglist_def_is_same2(X,Y)
-    _cimglist_def_is_same2(X,Z)
-    _cimglist_def_is_same2(X,C)
-    _cimglist_def_is_same2(Y,Z)
-    _cimglist_def_is_same2(Y,C)
-    _cimglist_def_is_same2(Z,C)
-    _cimglist_def_is_same3(X,Y,Z)
-    _cimglist_def_is_same3(X,Y,C)
-    _cimglist_def_is_same3(X,Z,C)
-    _cimglist_def_is_same3(Y,Z,C)
-
-    //! Test if dimensions of each image of the list match specified arguments.
-    /**
-      \param dx Checked image width.
-      \param dy Checked image height.
-      \param dz Checked image depth.
-      \param dc Checked image spectrum.
-    **/
-    bool is_sameXYZC(const unsigned int dx, const unsigned int dy,
-                     const unsigned int dz, const unsigned int dc) const {
-      bool res = true;
-      for (unsigned int l = 0; l<_width && res; ++l) res = _data[l].is_sameXYZC(dx,dy,dz,dc);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if list dimensions match specified arguments.
-    /**
-       \param n Number of images in the list.
-       \param dx Checked image width.
-       \param dy Checked image height.
-       \param dz Checked image depth.
-       \param dc Checked image spectrum.
-    **/
-    bool is_sameNXYZC(const unsigned int n,
-                      const unsigned int dx, const unsigned int dy,
-                      const unsigned int dz, const unsigned int dc) const {
-      return is_sameN(n) && is_sameXYZC(dx,dy,dz,dc);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if list contains one particular pixel location.
-    /**
-       \param n Index of the image whom checked pixel value belong to.
-       \param x X-coordinate of the checked pixel value.
-       \param y Y-coordinate of the checked pixel value.
-       \param z Z-coordinate of the checked pixel value.
-       \param c C-coordinate of the checked pixel value.
-    **/
-    bool containsNXYZC(const int n, const int x=0, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
-      if (is_empty()) return false;
-      return n>=0 && n<(int)_width && x>=0 && x<_data[n].width() && y>=0 && y<_data[n].height() &&
-        z>=0 && z<_data[n].depth() && c>=0 && c<_data[n].spectrum();
-    }
-
-    //! Test if list contains image with specified indice.
-    /**
-       \param n Index of the checked image.
-    **/
-    bool containsN(const int n) const {
-      if (is_empty()) return false;
-      return n>=0 && n<(int)_width;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if one image of the list contains the specified referenced value.
-    /**
-       \param pixel Reference to pixel value to test.
-       \param[out] n Index of image containing the pixel value, if test succeeds.
-       \param[out] x X-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
-       \param[out] y Y-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
-       \param[out] z Z-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
-       \param[out] c C-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
-       \note If true, set coordinates (n,x,y,z,c).
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool contains(const T& pixel, t& n, t& x, t&y, t& z, t& c) const {
-      if (is_empty()) return false;
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) if (_data[l].contains(pixel,x,y,z,c)) { n = (t)l; return true; }
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if one of the image list contains the specified referenced value.
-    /**
-       \param pixel Reference to pixel value to test.
-       \param[out] n Index of image containing the pixel value, if test succeeds.
-       \param[out] x X-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
-       \param[out] y Y-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
-       \param[out] z Z-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
-       \note If true, set coordinates (n,x,y,z).
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool contains(const T& pixel, t& n, t& x, t&y, t& z) const {
-      t c;
-      return contains(pixel,n,x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if one of the image list contains the specified referenced value.
-    /**
-       \param pixel Reference to pixel value to test.
-       \param[out] n Index of image containing the pixel value, if test succeeds.
-       \param[out] x X-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
-       \param[out] y Y-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
-       \note If true, set coordinates (n,x,y).
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool contains(const T& pixel, t& n, t& x, t&y) const {
-      t z, c;
-      return contains(pixel,n,x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if one of the image list contains the specified referenced value.
-    /**
-       \param pixel Reference to pixel value to test.
-       \param[out] n Index of image containing the pixel value, if test succeeds.
-       \param[out] x X-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
-       \note If true, set coordinates (n,x).
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool contains(const T& pixel, t& n, t& x) const {
-      t y, z, c;
-      return contains(pixel,n,x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if one of the image list contains the specified referenced value.
-    /**
-       \param pixel Reference to pixel value to test.
-       \param[out] n Index of image containing the pixel value, if test succeeds.
-       \note If true, set coordinates (n).
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool contains(const T& pixel, t& n) const {
-      t x, y, z, c;
-      return contains(pixel,n,x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if one of the image list contains the specified referenced value.
-    /**
-       \param pixel Reference to pixel value to test.
-    **/
-    bool contains(const T& pixel) const {
-      unsigned int n, x, y, z, c;
-      return contains(pixel,n,x,y,z,c);
-    }
-
-    //! Test if the list contains the image 'img'.
-    /**
-       \param img Reference to image to test.
-       \param[out] n Index of image in the list, if test succeeds.
-       \note If true, returns the position (n) of the image in the list.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    bool contains(const CImg<T>& img, t& n) const {
-      if (is_empty()) return false;
-      const CImg<T> *const ptr = &img;
-      cimglist_for(*this,i) if (_data+i==ptr) { n = (t)i; return true; }
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    //! Test if the list contains the image img.
-    /**
-       \param img Reference to image to test.
-    **/
-    bool contains(const CImg<T>& img) const {
-      unsigned int n;
-      return contains(img,n);
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //-------------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Mathematical Functions
-    //@{
-    //-------------------------------------
-
-    //! Return a reference to the minimum pixel value of the instance list.
-    /**
-    **/
-    T& min() {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "min(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-      T *ptr_min = _data->_data;
-      T min_value = *ptr_min;
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-        const CImg<T>& img = _data[l];
-        cimg_for(img,ptrs,T) if (*ptrs<min_value) min_value = *(ptr_min=ptrs);
-      }
-      return *ptr_min;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to the minimum pixel value of the instance list \const.
-    const T& min() const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "min(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-      const T *ptr_min = _data->_data;
-      T min_value = *ptr_min;
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-        const CImg<T>& img = _data[l];
-        cimg_for(img,ptrs,T) if (*ptrs<min_value) min_value = *(ptr_min=ptrs);
-      }
-      return *ptr_min;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to the maximum pixel value of the instance list.
-    /**
-    **/
-    T& max() {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "max(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-      T *ptr_max = _data->_data;
-      T max_value = *ptr_max;
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-        const CImg<T>& img = _data[l];
-        cimg_for(img,ptrs,T) if (*ptrs>max_value) max_value = *(ptr_max=ptrs);
-      }
-      return *ptr_max;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to the maximum pixel value of the instance list \const.
-    const T& max() const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "max(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-      const T *ptr_max = _data->_data;
-      T max_value = *ptr_max;
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-        const CImg<T>& img = _data[l];
-        cimg_for(img,ptrs,T) if (*ptrs>max_value) max_value = *(ptr_max=ptrs);
-      }
-      return *ptr_max;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to the minimum pixel value of the instance list and return the maximum vvalue as well.
-    /**
-       \param[out] max_val Value of the maximum value found.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    T& min_max(t& max_val) {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "min_max(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-      T *ptr_min = _data->_data;
-      T min_value = *ptr_min, max_value = min_value;
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-        const CImg<T>& img = _data[l];
-        cimg_for(img,ptrs,T) {
-          const T val = *ptrs;
-          if (val<min_value) { min_value = val; ptr_min = ptrs; }
-          if (val>max_value) max_value = val;
-        }
-      }
-      max_val = (t)max_value;
-      return *ptr_min;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to the minimum pixel value of the instance list and return the maximum vvalue as well \const.
-    /**
-       \param[out] max_val Value of the maximum value found.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    const T& min_max(t& max_val) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "min_max(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-      const T *ptr_min = _data->_data;
-      T min_value = *ptr_min, max_value = min_value;
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-        const CImg<T>& img = _data[l];
-        cimg_for(img,ptrs,T) {
-          const T val = *ptrs;
-          if (val<min_value) { min_value = val; ptr_min = ptrs; }
-          if (val>max_value) max_value = val;
-        }
-      }
-      max_val = (t)max_value;
-      return *ptr_min;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to the minimum pixel value of the instance list and return the minimum value as well.
-    /**
-       \param[out] min_val Value of the minimum value found.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    T& max_min(t& min_val) {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "max_min(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-      T *ptr_max = _data->_data;
-      T min_value = *ptr_max, max_value = min_value;
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-        const CImg<T>& img = _data[l];
-        cimg_for(img,ptrs,T) {
-          const T val = *ptrs;
-          if (val>max_value) { max_value = val; ptr_max = ptrs; }
-          if (val<min_value) min_value = val;
-        }
-      }
-      min_val = (t)min_value;
-      return *ptr_max;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a reference to the minimum pixel value of the instance list and return the minimum value as well \const.
-    template<typename t>
-    const T& max_min(t& min_val) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "max_min(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-      const T *ptr_max = _data->_data;
-      T min_value = *ptr_max, max_value = min_value;
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-        const CImg<T>& img = _data[l];
-        cimg_for(img,ptrs,T) {
-          const T val = *ptrs;
-          if (val>max_value) { max_value = val; ptr_max = ptrs; }
-          if (val<min_value) min_value = val;
-        }
-      }
-      min_val = (t)min_value;
-      return *ptr_max;
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //---------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name List Manipulation
-    //@{
-    //---------------------------
-
-    //! Insert a copy of the image \c img into the current image list, at position \c pos.
-    /**
-        \param img Image to insert a copy to the list.
-        \param pos Index of the insertion.
-        \param is_shared Tells if the inserted image is a shared copy of \c img or not.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<T>& insert(const CImg<t>& img, const unsigned int pos=~0U, const bool is_shared=false) {
-      const unsigned int npos = pos==~0U?_width:pos;
-      if (npos>_width)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "insert(): Invalid insertion request of specified image (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) "
-                                    "at position %u.",
-                                    cimglist_instance,
-                                    img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum,img._data,npos);
-      if (is_shared)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "insert(): Invalid insertion request of specified shared image "
-                                    "CImg<%s>(%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) at position %u (pixel types are different).",
-                                    cimglist_instance,
-                                    img.pixel_type(),img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum,img._data,npos);
-
-      CImg<T> *const new_data = (++_width>_allocated_width)?new CImg<T>[_allocated_width?(_allocated_width<<=1):
-                                                                        (_allocated_width=16)]:0;
-      if (!_data) { // Insert new element into empty list.
-        _data = new_data;
-        *_data = img;
-      } else {
-        if (new_data) { // Insert with re-allocation.
-          if (npos) std::memcpy(new_data,_data,sizeof(CImg<T>)*npos);
-          if (npos!=_width-1) std::memcpy(new_data+npos+1,_data+npos,sizeof(CImg<T>)*(_width-1-npos));
-          std::memset(_data,0,sizeof(CImg<T>)*(_width-1));
-          delete[] _data;
-          _data = new_data;
-        } else if (npos!=_width-1)
-          std::memmove(_data+npos+1,_data+npos,sizeof(CImg<T>)*(_width-1-npos)); // Insert without re-allocation.
-        _data[npos]._width = _data[npos]._height = _data[npos]._depth = _data[npos]._spectrum = 0; _data[npos]._data = 0;
-        _data[npos] = img;
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Insert a copy of the image \c img into the current image list, at position \c pos \specialization.
-    CImgList<T>& insert(const CImg<T>& img, const unsigned int pos=~0U, const bool is_shared=false) {
-      const unsigned int npos = pos==~0U?_width:pos;
-      if (npos>_width)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "insert(): Invalid insertion request of specified image (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) "
-                                    "at position %u.",
-                                    cimglist_instance,
-                                    img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum,img._data,npos);
-      CImg<T> *const new_data = (++_width>_allocated_width)?new CImg<T>[_allocated_width?(_allocated_width<<=1):
-                                                                        (_allocated_width=16)]:0;
-      if (!_data) { // Insert new element into empty list.
-        _data = new_data;
-        if (is_shared && img) {
-          _data->_width = img._width;
-          _data->_height = img._height;
-          _data->_depth = img._depth;
-          _data->_spectrum = img._spectrum;
-          _data->_is_shared = true;
-          _data->_data = img._data;
-        } else *_data = img;
-      }
-      else {
-        if (new_data) { // Insert with re-allocation.
-          if (npos) std::memcpy(new_data,_data,sizeof(CImg<T>)*npos);
-          if (npos!=_width-1) std::memcpy(new_data+npos+1,_data+npos,sizeof(CImg<T>)*(_width-1-npos));
-          if (is_shared && img) {
-            new_data[npos]._width = img._width;
-            new_data[npos]._height = img._height;
-            new_data[npos]._depth = img._depth;
-            new_data[npos]._spectrum = img._spectrum;
-            new_data[npos]._is_shared = true;
-            new_data[npos]._data = img._data;
-          } else {
-            new_data[npos]._width = new_data[npos]._height = new_data[npos]._depth = new_data[npos]._spectrum = 0;
-            new_data[npos]._data = 0;
-            new_data[npos] = img;
-          }
-          std::memset(_data,0,sizeof(CImg<T>)*(_width-1));
-          delete[] _data;
-          _data = new_data;
-        } else { // Insert without re-allocation.
-          if (npos!=_width-1) std::memmove(_data+npos+1,_data+npos,sizeof(CImg<T>)*(_width-1-npos));
-          if (is_shared && img) {
-            _data[npos]._width = img._width;
-            _data[npos]._height = img._height;
-            _data[npos]._depth = img._depth;
-            _data[npos]._spectrum = img._spectrum;
-            _data[npos]._is_shared = true;
-            _data[npos]._data = img._data;
-          } else {
-            _data[npos]._width = _data[npos]._height = _data[npos]._depth = _data[npos]._spectrum = 0;
-            _data[npos]._data = 0;
-            _data[npos] = img;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Insert a copy of the image \c img into the current image list, at position \c pos \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<T> get_insert(const CImg<t>& img, const unsigned int pos=~0U, const bool is_shared=false) const {
-      return (+*this).insert(img,pos,is_shared);
-    }
-
-    //! Insert n empty images img into the current image list, at position \p pos.
-    /**
-       \param n Number of empty images to insert.
-       \param pos Index of the insertion.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& insert(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int pos=~0U) {
-      CImg<T> empty;
-      if (!n) return *this;
-      const unsigned int npos = pos==~0U?_width:pos;
-      for (unsigned int i = 0; i<n; ++i) insert(empty,npos+i);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Insert n empty images img into the current image list, at position \p pos \newinstance.
-    CImgList<T> get_insert(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int pos=~0U) const {
-      return (+*this).insert(n,pos);
-    }
-
-    //! Insert \c n copies of the image \c img into the current image list, at position \c pos.
-    /**
-       \param n Number of image copies to insert.
-       \param img Image to insert by copy.
-       \param pos Index of the insertion.
-       \param is_shared Tells if inserted images are shared copies of \c img or not.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<T>& insert(const unsigned int n, const CImg<t>& img, const unsigned int pos=~0U,
-                        const bool is_shared=false) {
-      if (!n) return *this;
-      const unsigned int npos = pos==~0U?_width:pos;
-      insert(img,npos,is_shared);
-      for (unsigned int i = 1; i<n; ++i) insert(_data[npos],npos+i,is_shared);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Insert \c n copies of the image \c img into the current image list, at position \c pos \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<T> get_insert(const unsigned int n, const CImg<t>& img, const unsigned int pos=~0U,
-                           const bool is_shared=false) const {
-      return (+*this).insert(n,img,pos,is_shared);
-    }
-
-    //! Insert a copy of the image list \c list into the current image list, starting from position \c pos.
-    /**
-      \param list Image list to insert.
-      \param pos Index of the insertion.
-      \param is_shared Tells if inserted images are shared copies of images of \c list or not.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<T>& insert(const CImgList<t>& list, const unsigned int pos=~0U, const bool is_shared=false) {
-      const unsigned int npos = pos==~0U?_width:pos;
-      if ((void*)this!=(void*)&list) cimglist_for(list,l) insert(list[l],npos+l,is_shared);
-      else insert(CImgList<T>(list),npos,is_shared);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Insert a copy of the image list \c list into the current image list, starting from position \c pos \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<T> get_insert(const CImgList<t>& list, const unsigned int pos=~0U, const bool is_shared=false) const {
-      return (+*this).insert(list,pos,is_shared);
-    }
-
-    //! Insert n copies of the list \c list at position \c pos of the current list.
-    /**
-      \param n Number of list copies to insert.
-      \param list Image list to insert.
-      \param pos Index of the insertion.
-      \param is_shared Tells if inserted images are shared copies of images of \c list or not.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<T>& insert(const unsigned int n, const CImgList<t>& list, const unsigned int pos=~0U,
-                        const bool is_shared=false) {
-      if (!n) return *this;
-      const unsigned int npos = pos==~0U?_width:pos;
-      for (unsigned int i = 0; i<n; ++i) insert(list,npos,is_shared);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Insert n copies of the list \c list at position \c pos of the current list \newinstance.
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<T> get_insert(const unsigned int n, const CImgList<t>& list, const unsigned int pos=~0U,
-                           const bool is_shared=false) const {
-      return (+*this).insert(n,list,pos,is_shared);
-    }
-
-    //! Remove all images between from indexes.
-    /**
-      \param pos1 Starting index of the removal.
-      \param pos2 Ending index of the removal.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& remove(const unsigned int pos1, const unsigned int pos2) {
-      const unsigned int
-        npos1 = pos1<pos2?pos1:pos2,
-        tpos2 = pos1<pos2?pos2:pos1,
-        npos2 = tpos2<_width?tpos2:_width-1;
-      if (npos1>=_width)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "remove(): Invalid remove request at positions %u->%u.",
-                                    cimglist_instance,
-                                    npos1,tpos2);
-      else {
-        if (tpos2>=_width)
-          throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                      "remove(): Invalid remove request at positions %u->%u.",
-                                      cimglist_instance,
-                                      npos1,tpos2);
-
-        for (unsigned int k = npos1; k<=npos2; ++k) _data[k].assign();
-        const unsigned int nb = 1 + npos2 - npos1;
-        if (!(_width-=nb)) return assign();
-        if (_width>(_allocated_width>>2) || _allocated_width<=16) { // Removing items without reallocation.
-          if (npos1!=_width) std::memmove(_data+npos1,_data+npos2+1,sizeof(CImg<T>)*(_width - npos1));
-          std::memset(_data + _width,0,sizeof(CImg<T>)*nb);
-        } else { // Removing items with reallocation.
-          _allocated_width>>=2;
-          while (_allocated_width>16 && _width<(_allocated_width>>1)) _allocated_width>>=1;
-          CImg<T> *const new_data = new CImg<T>[_allocated_width];
-          if (npos1) std::memcpy(new_data,_data,sizeof(CImg<T>)*npos1);
-          if (npos1!=_width) std::memcpy(new_data+npos1,_data+npos2+1,sizeof(CImg<T>)*(_width-npos1));
-          if (_width!=_allocated_width) std::memset(new_data+_width,0,sizeof(_allocated_width - _width));
-          std::memset(_data,0,sizeof(CImg<T>)*(_width+nb));
-          delete[] _data;
-          _data = new_data;
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Remove all images between from indexes \newinstance.
-    CImgList<T> get_remove(const unsigned int pos1, const unsigned int pos2) const {
-      return (+*this).remove(pos1,pos2);
-    }
-
-    //! Remove image at index \c pos from the image list.
-    /**
-      \param pos Index of the image to remove.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& remove(const unsigned int pos) {
-      return remove(pos,pos);
-    }
-
-    //! Remove image at index \c pos from the image list \newinstance.
-    CImgList<T> get_remove(const unsigned int pos) const {
-      return (+*this).remove(pos);
-    }
-
-    //! Remove last image.
-    /**
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& remove() {
-      return remove(_width-1);
-    }
-
-    //! Remove last image \newinstance.
-    CImgList<T> get_remove() const {
-      return (+*this).remove();
-    }
-
-    //! Reverse list order.
-    CImgList<T>& reverse() {
-      for (unsigned int l = 0; l<_width/2; ++l) (*this)[l].swap((*this)[_width-1-l]);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Reverse list order \newinstance.
-    CImgList<T> get_reverse() const {
-      return (+*this).reverse();
-    }
-
-    //! Return a sublist.
-    /**
-      \param pos0 Starting index of the sublist.
-      \param pos1 Ending index of the sublist.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& images(const unsigned int pos0, const unsigned int pos1) {
-      return get_images(pos0,pos1).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a sublist \newinstance.
-    CImgList<T> get_images(const unsigned int pos0, const unsigned int pos1) const {
-      if (pos0>pos1 || pos1>=_width)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "images(): Specified sub-list indices (%u->%u) are out of bounds.",
-                                    cimglist_instance,
-                                    pos0,pos1);
-      CImgList<T> res(pos1-pos0+1);
-      cimglist_for(res,l) res[l].assign(_data[pos0+l]);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a shared sublist.
-    /**
-      \param pos0 Starting index of the sublist.
-      \param pos1 Ending index of the sublist.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T> get_shared_images(const unsigned int pos0, const unsigned int pos1) {
-      if (pos0>pos1 || pos1>=_width)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "get_shared_images(): Specified sub-list indices (%u->%u) are out of bounds.",
-                                    cimglist_instance,
-                                    pos0,pos1);
-      CImgList<T> res(pos1-pos0+1);
-      cimglist_for(res,l) res[l].assign(_data[pos0+l],_data[pos0+l]?true:false);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a shared sublist \newinstance.
-    const CImgList<T> get_shared_images(const unsigned int pos0, const unsigned int pos1) const {
-      if (pos0>pos1 || pos1>=_width)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "get_shared_images(): Specified sub-list indices (%u->%u) are out of bounds.",
-                                    cimglist_instance,
-                                    pos0,pos1);
-      CImgList<T> res(pos1-pos0+1);
-      cimglist_for(res,l) res[l].assign(_data[pos0+l],_data[pos0+l]?true:false);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a single image which is the appending of all images of the current CImgList instance.
-    /**
-       \param axis Appending axis. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
-       \param align Appending alignment.
-    **/
-    CImg<T> get_append(const char axis, const float align=0) const {
-      if (is_empty()) return CImg<T>();
-      if (_width==1) return +((*this)[0]);
-      unsigned int dx = 0, dy = 0, dz = 0, dc = 0, pos = 0;
-      CImg<T> res;
-      switch (cimg::uncase(axis)) {
-      case 'x' : { // Along the X-axis.
-        cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-          const CImg<T>& img = (*this)[l];
-          if (img) {
-            dx+=img._width;
-            dy = cimg::max(dy,img._height);
-            dz = cimg::max(dz,img._depth);
-            dc = cimg::max(dc,img._spectrum);
-          }
-        }
-        res.assign(dx,dy,dz,dc,0);
-        if (res) cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-            const CImg<T>& img = (*this)[l];
-            if (img) res.draw_image(pos,
-                                    (int)(align*(dy-img._height)),
-                                    (int)(align*(dz-img._depth)),
-                                    (int)(align*(dc-img._spectrum)),
-                                    img);
-            pos+=img._width;
-          }
-      } break;
-      case 'y' : { // Along the Y-axis.
-        cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-          const CImg<T>& img = (*this)[l];
-          if (img) {
-            dx = cimg::max(dx,img._width);
-            dy+=img._height;
-            dz = cimg::max(dz,img._depth);
-            dc = cimg::max(dc,img._spectrum);
-          }
-        }
-        res.assign(dx,dy,dz,dc,0);
-        if (res) cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-            const CImg<T>& img = (*this)[l];
-            if (img) res.draw_image((int)(align*(dx-img._width)),
-                                    pos,
-                                    (int)(align*(dz-img._depth)),
-                                    (int)(align*(dc-img._spectrum)),
-                                    img);
-            pos+=img._height;
-          }
-      } break;
-      case 'z' : { // Along the Z-axis.
-        cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-          const CImg<T>& img = (*this)[l];
-          if (img) {
-            dx = cimg::max(dx,img._width);
-            dy = cimg::max(dy,img._height);
-            dz+=img._depth;
-            dc = cimg::max(dc,img._spectrum);
-          }
-        }
-        res.assign(dx,dy,dz,dc,0);
-        if (res) cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-            const CImg<T>& img = (*this)[l];
-            if (img) res.draw_image((int)(align*(dx-img._width)),
-                                    (int)(align*(dy-img._height)),
-                                    pos,
-                                    (int)(align*(dc-img._spectrum)),
-                                    img);
-            pos+=img._depth;
-          }
-      } break;
-      default : { // Along the C-axis.
-        cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-          const CImg<T>& img = (*this)[l];
-          if (img) {
-            dx = cimg::max(dx,img._width);
-            dy = cimg::max(dy,img._height);
-            dz = cimg::max(dz,img._depth);
-            dc+=img._spectrum;
-          }
-        }
-        res.assign(dx,dy,dz,dc,0);
-        if (res) cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-            const CImg<T>& img = (*this)[l];
-            if (img) res.draw_image((int)(align*(dx-img._width)),
-                                    (int)(align*(dy-img._height)),
-                                    (int)(align*(dz-img._depth)),
-                                    pos,
-                                    img);
-            pos+=img._spectrum;
-          }
-      }
-      }
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a list where each image has been split along the specified axis.
-    /**
-        \param axis Axis to split images along.
-        \param nb Number of spliting parts for each image.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& split(const char axis, const int nb=0) {
-      return get_split(axis,nb).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Return a list where each image has been split along the specified axis \newinstance.
-    CImgList<T> get_split(const char axis, const int nb=0) const {
-      CImgList<T> res;
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) _data[l].get_split(axis,nb).move_to(res,~0U);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Insert image at the end of the list.
-    /**
-      \param img Image to insert.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<T>& push_back(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      return insert(img);
-    }
-
-    //! Insert image at the front of the list.
-    /**
-      \param img Image to insert.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<T>& push_front(const CImg<t>& img) {
-      return insert(img,0);
-    }
-
-    //! Insert list at the end of the current list.
-    /**
-      \param list List to insert.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<T>& push_back(const CImgList<t>& list) {
-      return insert(list);
-    }
-
-    //! Insert list at the front of the current list.
-    /**
-      \param list List to insert.
-    **/
-    template<typename t>
-    CImgList<T>& push_front(const CImgList<t>& list) {
-      return insert(list,0);
-    }
-
-    //! Remove last image.
-    /**
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& pop_back() {
-      return remove(_width-1);
-    }
-
-    //! Remove first image.
-    /**
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& pop_front() {
-      return remove(0);
-    }
-
-    //! Remove image pointed by iterator.
-    /**
-      \param iter Iterator pointing to the image to remove.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& erase(const iterator iter) {
-      return remove(iter-_data);
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //----------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Data Input
-    //@{
-    //----------------------------------
-
-    //! Display a simple interactive interface to select images or sublists.
-    /**
-       \param disp Window instance to display selection and user interface.
-       \param feature_type Can be \c false to select a single image, or \c true to select a sublist.
-       \param axis Axis along whom images are appended for visualization.
-       \param align Alignment setting when images have not all the same size.
-       \return A one-column vector containing the selected image indexes.
-    **/
-    CImg<intT> get_select(CImgDisplay &disp, const bool feature_type=true,
-                          const char axis='x', const float align=0) const {
-      return _get_select(disp,0,feature_type,axis,align,0,false,false,false);
-    }
-
-    //! Display a simple interactive interface to select images or sublists.
-    /**
-       \param title Title of a new window used to display selection and user interface.
-       \param feature_type Can be \c false to select a single image, or \c true to select a sublist.
-       \param axis Axis along whom images are appended for visualization.
-       \param align Alignment setting when images have not all the same size.
-       \return A one-column vector containing the selected image indexes.
-    **/
-    CImg<intT> get_select(const char *const title, const bool feature_type=true,
-                          const char axis='x', const float align=0) const {
-      CImgDisplay disp;
-      return _get_select(disp,title,feature_type,axis,align,0,false,false,false);
-    }
-
-    CImg<intT> _get_select(CImgDisplay &disp, const char *const title, const bool feature_type,
-                           const char axis, const float align,
-                           const unsigned int orig, const bool resize_disp,
-                           const bool exit_on_rightbutton, const bool exit_on_wheel) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "select(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-
-      // Create image correspondence table and get list dimensions for visualization.
-      CImgList<uintT> _indices;
-      unsigned int max_width = 0, max_height = 0, sum_width = 0, sum_height = 0;
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-        const CImg<T>& img = _data[l];
-        const unsigned int
-          w = CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(img._width,img._height,img._depth,128,-85,false),
-          h = CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(img._width,img._height,img._depth,128,-85,true);
-        if (w>max_width) max_width = w;
-        if (h>max_height) max_height = h;
-        sum_width+=w; sum_height+=h;
-        if (axis=='x') CImg<uintT>(w,1,1,1,(unsigned int)l).move_to(_indices);
-        else CImg<uintT>(h,1,1,1,(unsigned int)l).move_to(_indices);
-      }
-      const CImg<uintT> indices0 = _indices>'x';
-
-      // Create display window.
-      if (!disp) {
-        if (axis=='x') disp.assign(cimg_fitscreen(sum_width,max_height,1),title?title:0,1);
-        else disp.assign(cimg_fitscreen(max_width,sum_height,1),title?title:0,1);
-        if (!title) disp.set_title("CImgList<%s> (%u)",pixel_type(),_width);
-      } else if (title) disp.set_title("%s",title);
-      if (resize_disp) {
-        if (axis=='x') disp.resize(cimg_fitscreen(sum_width,max_height,1),false);
-        else disp.resize(cimg_fitscreen(max_width,sum_height,1),false);
-      }
-
-      const unsigned int old_normalization = disp.normalization();
-      bool old_is_resized = disp.is_resized();
-      disp._normalization = 0;
-      disp.show().set_key(0);
-      const unsigned char foreground_color[] = { 255,255,255 }, background_color[] = { 0,0,0 };
-
-      // Enter event loop.
-      CImg<ucharT> visu0, visu;
-      CImg<uintT> indices;
-      CImg<intT> positions(_width,4,1,1,-1);
-      int oindice0 = -1, oindice1 = -1, indice0 = -1, indice1 = -1;
-      bool is_clicked = false, is_selected = false, text_down = false, update_display = true;
-      unsigned int key = 0;
-      while (!is_selected && !disp.is_closed() && !key) {
-
-        // Create background image.
-        if (!visu0) {
-          visu0.assign(disp._width,disp._height,1,3,0); visu.assign();
-          (indices0.get_resize(axis=='x'?visu0._width:visu0._height,1)).move_to(indices);
-          unsigned int ind = 0;
-          if (axis=='x') for (unsigned int x = 0; x<visu0._width; ) {
-              const unsigned int x0 = x;
-              ind = indices[x];
-              while (x<indices._width && indices[x++]==ind) {}
-              const CImg<T>
-                onexone(1,1,1,1,0),
-                &src = _data[ind]?_data[ind]:onexone;
-              CImg<ucharT> res;
-              src.__get_select(disp,old_normalization,(src._width-1)/2,(src._height-1)/2,(src._depth-1)/2).move_to(res);
-              const unsigned int h = CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(res._width,res._height,1,128,-85,true);
-              res.resize(x - x0,cimg::max(32U,h*disp._height/max_height),1,res._spectrum==1?3:-100);
-              positions(ind,0) = positions(ind,2) = (int)x0;
-              positions(ind,1) = positions(ind,3) = (int)(align*(visu0.height()-res.height()));
-              positions(ind,2)+=res._width;
-              positions(ind,3)+=res._height - 1;
-              visu0.draw_image(positions(ind,0),positions(ind,1),res);
-            } else for (unsigned int y = 0; y<visu0._height; ) {
-              const unsigned int y0 = y;
-              ind = indices[y];
-              while (y<visu0._height && indices[++y]==ind) {}
-              const CImg<T>
-                &src = _data[ind],
-                _img2d = src._depth>1?src.get_projections2d((src._width-1)/2,(src._height-1)/2,(src._depth-1)/2):
-                  CImg<T>(),
-                &img2d = _img2d?_img2d:src;
-              CImg<ucharT> res = old_normalization==1 ||
-                (old_normalization==3 && cimg::type<T>::string()!=cimg::type<unsigned char>::string())?
-                CImg<ucharT>(img2d.get_normalize(0,255)):
-                CImg<ucharT>(img2d);
-              if (res._spectrum>3) res.channels(0,2);
-              const unsigned int w = CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(res._width,res._height,1,128,-85,false);
-              res.resize(cimg::max(32U,w*disp._width/max_width),y - y0,1,res._spectrum==1?3:-100);
-              positions(ind,0) = positions(ind,2) = (int)(align*(visu0.width()-res.width()));
-              positions(ind,1) = positions(ind,3) = (int)y0;
-              positions(ind,2)+=res._width - 1;
-              positions(ind,3)+=res._height;
-              visu0.draw_image(positions(ind,0),positions(ind,1),res);
-            }
-          if (axis=='x') --positions(ind,2); else --positions(ind,3);
-          update_display = true;
-        }
-
-        if (!visu || oindice0!=indice0 || oindice1!=indice1) {
-          if (indice0>=0 && indice1>=0) {
-            visu.assign(visu0,false);
-            const int indm = cimg::min(indice0,indice1), indM = cimg::max(indice0,indice1);
-            for (int ind = indm; ind<=indM; ++ind) if (positions(ind,0)>=0) {
-                visu.draw_rectangle(positions(ind,0),positions(ind,1),positions(ind,2),positions(ind,3),
-                                    background_color,0.2f);
-                if ((axis=='x' && positions(ind,2) - positions(ind,0)>=8) ||
-                    (axis!='x' && positions(ind,3) - positions(ind,1)>=8))
-                  visu.draw_rectangle(positions(ind,0),positions(ind,1),positions(ind,2),positions(ind,3),
-                                      foreground_color,0.9f,0xAAAAAAAA);
-              }
-            const int yt = (int)text_down?visu.height()-13:0;
-            if (is_clicked) visu.draw_text(0,yt," Images #%u - #%u, Size = %u",
-                                           foreground_color,background_color,0.7f,13,
-                                           orig + indm,orig + indM,indM - indm + 1);
-            else visu.draw_text(0,yt," Image #%u (%u,%u,%u,%u)",foreground_color,background_color,0.7f,13,
-                                orig + indice0,
-                                _data[orig+indice0]._width,
-                                _data[orig+indice0]._height,
-                                _data[orig+indice0]._depth,
-                                _data[orig+indice0]._spectrum);
-            update_display = true;
-          } else visu.assign();
-        }
-        if (!visu) { visu.assign(visu0,true); update_display = true; }
-        if (update_display) { visu.display(disp); update_display = false; }
-        disp.wait();
-
-        // Manage user events.
-        const int xm = disp.mouse_x(), ym = disp.mouse_y();
-        int indice = -1;
-
-        if (xm>=0) {
-          indice = (int)indices(axis=='x'?xm:ym);
-          if (disp.button()&1) {
-            if (!is_clicked) { is_clicked = true; oindice0 = indice0; indice0 = indice; }
-            oindice1 = indice1; indice1 = indice;
-            if (!feature_type) is_selected = true;
-          } else {
-            if (!is_clicked) { oindice0 = oindice1 = indice0; indice0 = indice1 = indice; }
-            else is_selected = true;
-          }
-        } else {
-          if (is_clicked) {
-            if (!(disp.button()&1)) { is_clicked = is_selected = false; indice0 = indice1 = -1; }
-            else indice1 = -1;
-          } else indice0 = indice1 = -1;
-        }
-
-        if (disp.button()&4) { is_clicked = is_selected = false; indice0 = indice1 = -1; }
-        if (disp.button()&2 && exit_on_rightbutton) { is_selected = true; indice1 = indice0 = -1; }
-        if (disp.wheel() && exit_on_wheel) is_selected = true;
-
-        switch (key = disp.key()) {
-#if cimg_OS!=2
-        case cimg::keyCTRLRIGHT :
-#endif
-        case 0 : case cimg::keyCTRLLEFT : key = 0; break;
-        case cimg::keyD : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            disp.set_fullscreen(false).
-              resize(CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(3*disp.width()/2,3*disp.height()/2,1,128,-100,false),
-                     CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(3*disp.width()/2,3*disp.height()/2,1,128,-100,true),false).
-              _is_resized = true;
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; visu0.assign();
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyC : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            disp.set_fullscreen(false).
-              resize(cimg_fitscreen(2*disp.width()/3,2*disp.height()/3,1),false)._is_resized = true;
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; visu0.assign();
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyR : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            disp.set_fullscreen(false).
-              resize(cimg_fitscreen(axis=='x'?sum_width:max_width,axis=='x'?max_height:sum_height,1),false).
-              _is_resized = true;
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; visu0.assign();
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyF : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            disp.resize(disp.screen_width(),disp.screen_height(),false).toggle_fullscreen()._is_resized = true;
-            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; visu0.assign();
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyS : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            static unsigned int snap_number = 0;
-            char filename[32] = { 0 };
-            std::FILE *file;
-            do {
-              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.bmp",snap_number++);
-              if ((file=std::fopen(filename,"r"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-            } while (file);
-            if (visu0) {
-              (+visu0).draw_text(0,0," Saving snapshot... ",
-                                 foreground_color,background_color,0.7f,13).display(disp);
-              visu0.save(filename);
-              (+visu0).draw_text(0,0," Snapshot '%s' saved. ",
-                                 foreground_color,background_color,0.7f,13,filename).display(disp);
-            }
-            disp.set_key(key,false).wait(); key = 0;
-          } break;
-        case cimg::keyO :
-          if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
-            static unsigned int snap_number = 0;
-            char filename[32] = { 0 };
-            std::FILE *file;
-            do {
-#ifdef cimg_use_zlib
-              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.cimgz",snap_number++);
-#else
-              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.cimg",snap_number++);
-#endif
-              if ((file=std::fopen(filename,"r"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-            } while (file);
-            (+visu0).draw_text(0,0," Saving instance... ",
-                               foreground_color,background_color,0.7f,13).display(disp);
-            save(filename);
-            (+visu0).draw_text(0,0," Instance '%s' saved. ",
-                               foreground_color,background_color,0.7f,13,filename).display(disp);
-            disp.set_key(key,false).wait(); key = 0;
-          } break;
-        }
-        if (disp.is_resized()) { disp.resize(false); visu0.assign(); }
-        if (ym>=0 && ym<13) { if (!text_down) { visu.assign(); text_down = true; }}
-        else if (ym>=visu.height()-13) { if(text_down) { visu.assign(); text_down = false; }}
-      }
-      CImg<intT> res(1,2,1,1,-1);
-      if (is_selected) {
-        if (feature_type) res.fill(cimg::min(indice0,indice1),cimg::max(indice0,indice1));
-        else res.fill(indice0);
-      }
-      if (!(disp.button()&2)) disp.set_button();
-      disp._normalization = old_normalization;
-      disp._is_resized = old_is_resized;
-      disp.set_key(key);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Load a list from a file.
-    /**
-     \param filename Filename to read data from.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& load(const char *const filename) {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "load(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(filename,"http://",7) || !cimg::strncasecmp(filename,"https://",8)) {
-        char filename_local[1024] = { 0 };
-        load(cimg::load_network_external(filename,filename_local));
-        std::remove(filename_local);
-        return *this;
-      }
-
-      const char *const ext = cimg::split_filename(filename);
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      try {
-#ifdef cimglist_load_plugin
-        cimglist_load_plugin(filename);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_load_plugin1
-        cimglist_load_plugin1(filename);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_load_plugin2
-        cimglist_load_plugin2(filename);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_load_plugin3
-        cimglist_load_plugin3(filename);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_load_plugin4
-        cimglist_load_plugin4(filename);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_load_plugin5
-        cimglist_load_plugin5(filename);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_load_plugin6
-        cimglist_load_plugin6(filename);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_load_plugin7
-        cimglist_load_plugin7(filename);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_load_plugin8
-        cimglist_load_plugin8(filename);
-#endif
-        if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"tif") ||
-            !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"tiff")) load_tiff(filename);
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"gif")) load_gif_external(filename);
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"cimg") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"cimgz") ||
-                 !*ext) load_cimg(filename);
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"rec") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"par")) load_parrec(filename);
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"avi") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mov") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"asf") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"divx") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"flv") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpg") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m1v") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m2v") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m4v") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mjp") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mp4") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mkv") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpe") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"movie") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogm") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogg") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogv") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"qt") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"rm") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"vob") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"wmv") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"xvid") ||
-                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpeg")) load_ffmpeg(filename);
-        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"gz")) load_gzip_external(filename);
-        else throw CImgIOException("CImgList<%s>::load()",
-                                   pixel_type());
-      } catch (CImgIOException&) {
-        try {
-          cimg::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"rb"));
-        } catch (CImgIOException&) {
-          cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-          throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                                "load(): Failed to open file '%s'.",
-                                cimglist_instance,
-                                filename);
-        }
-        assign(1);
-        try {
-          _data->load(filename);
-        } catch (CImgIOException&) {
-          cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-          throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                                "load(): Failed to recognize format of file '%s'.",
-                                cimglist_instance,
-                                filename);
-        }
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load a list from a file \newinstance.
-    static CImgList<T> get_load(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImgList<T>().load(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load a list from a .cimg file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename to read data from.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& load_cimg(const char *const filename) {
-      return _load_cimg(0,filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load a list from a .cimg file \newinstance.
-    static CImgList<T> get_load_cimg(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImgList<T>().load_cimg(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load a list from a .cimg file.
-    /**
-      \param file File to read data from.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& load_cimg(std::FILE *const file) {
-      return _load_cimg(file,0);
-    }
-
-    //! Load a list from a .cimg file \newinstance.
-    static CImgList<T> get_load_cimg(std::FILE *const file) {
-      return CImgList<T>().load_cimg(file);
-    }
-
-    CImgList<T>& _load_cimg(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
-#ifdef cimg_use_zlib
-#define _cimgz_load_cimg_case(Tss) { \
-   Bytef *const cbuf = new Bytef[csiz]; \
-   cimg::fread(cbuf,csiz,nfile); \
-   raw.assign(W,H,D,C); \
-   unsigned long destlen = (unsigned long)raw.size()*sizeof(Tss); \
-   uncompress((Bytef*)raw._data,&destlen,cbuf,csiz); \
-   delete[] cbuf; \
-   const Tss *ptrs = raw._data; \
-   for (unsigned long off = raw.size(); off; --off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(ptrs++); \
-}
-#else
-#define _cimgz_load_cimg_case(Tss) \
-   throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance \
-                         "load_cimg(): Unable to load compressed data from file '%s' unless zlib is enabled.", \
-                         cimglist_instance, \
-                         filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-#endif
-
-#define _cimg_load_cimg_case(Ts,Tss) \
-      if (!loaded && !cimg::strcasecmp(Ts,str_pixeltype)) { \
-        for (unsigned int l = 0; l<N; ++l) { \
-          j = 0; while ((i=std::fgetc(nfile))!='\n' && i>=0) tmp[j++] = (char)i; tmp[j] = 0; \
-          W = H = D = C = 0; csiz = 0; \
-          if ((err = std::sscanf(tmp,"%u %u %u %u #%u",&W,&H,&D,&C,&csiz))<4) \
-            throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance \
-                                  "load_cimg(): Invalid specified size (%u,%u,%u,%u) of image %u in file '%s'", \
-                                  cimglist_instance, \
-                                  W,H,D,C,l,filename?filename:("(FILE*)")); \
-          if (W*H*D*C>0) { \
-            CImg<Tss> raw; \
-            CImg<T> &img = _data[l]; \
-            img.assign(W,H,D,C); \
-            T *ptrd = img._data; \
-            if (err==5) _cimgz_load_cimg_case(Tss) \
-            else for (long to_read = (long)img.size(); to_read>0; ) { \
-              raw.assign(cimg::min(to_read,cimg_iobuffer)); \
-              cimg::fread(raw._data,raw._width,nfile); \
-              if (endian!=cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(raw._data,raw._width); \
-              to_read-=raw._width; \
-              const Tss *ptrs = raw._data; \
-              for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)raw._width; off; --off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(ptrs++); \
-            } \
-          } \
-        } \
-        loaded = true; \
-      }
-
-      if (!filename && !file)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "load_cimg(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-
-      const int cimg_iobuffer = 12*1024*1024;
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
-      bool loaded = false, endian = cimg::endianness();
-      char tmp[256] = { 0 }, str_pixeltype[256] = { 0 }, str_endian[256] = { 0 };
-      unsigned int j, err, N = 0, W, H, D, C, csiz;
-      int i;
-      do {
-        j = 0; while ((i=std::fgetc(nfile))!='\n' && i!=EOF && j<256) tmp[j++] = (char)i; tmp[j] = 0;
-      } while (*tmp=='#' && i!=EOF);
-      err = std::sscanf(tmp,"%u%*c%255[A-Za-z_]%*c%255[sA-Za-z_ ]",&N,str_pixeltype,str_endian);
-      if (err<2) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "load_cimg(): CImg header not found in file '%s'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp("little",str_endian,6)) endian = false;
-      else if (!cimg::strncasecmp("big",str_endian,3)) endian = true;
-      assign(N);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case("bool",bool);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case("unsigned_char",unsigned char);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case("uchar",unsigned char);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case("char",char);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case("unsigned_short",unsigned short);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case("ushort",unsigned short);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case("short",short);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case("unsigned_int",unsigned int);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case("uint",unsigned int);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case("int",int);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case("unsigned_long",unsigned long);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case("ulong",unsigned long);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case("long",long);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case("float",float);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case("double",double);
-      if (!loaded) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "load_cimg(): Unsupported pixel type '%s' for file '%s'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              str_pixeltype,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load a sublist list from a (non compressed) .cimg file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename to read data from.
-      \param n0 Starting index of images to read (~0U for max).
-      \param n1 Ending index of images to read (~0U for max).
-      \param x0 Starting X-coordinates of image regions to read.
-      \param y0 Starting Y-coordinates of image regions to read.
-      \param z0 Starting Z-coordinates of image regions to read.
-      \param c0 Starting C-coordinates of image regions to read.
-      \param x1 Ending X-coordinates of image regions to read (~0U for max).
-      \param y1 Ending Y-coordinates of image regions to read (~0U for max).
-      \param z1 Ending Z-coordinates of image regions to read (~0U for max).
-      \param c1 Ending C-coordinates of image regions to read (~0U for max).
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& load_cimg(const char *const filename,
-                           const unsigned int n0, const unsigned int n1,
-                           const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
-                           const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0,
-                           const unsigned int x1, const unsigned int y1,
-                           const unsigned int z1, const unsigned int c1) {
-      return _load_cimg(0,filename,n0,n1,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1);
-    }
-
-    //! Load a sublist list from a (non compressed) .cimg file \newinstance.
-    static CImgList<T> get_load_cimg(const char *const filename,
-                                     const unsigned int n0, const unsigned int n1,
-                                     const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
-                                     const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0,
-                                     const unsigned int x1, const unsigned int y1,
-                                     const unsigned int z1, const unsigned int c1) {
-      return CImgList<T>().load_cimg(filename,n0,n1,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1);
-    }
-
-    //! Load a sub-image list from a (non compressed) .cimg file \overloading.
-    CImgList<T>& load_cimg(std::FILE *const file,
-                           const unsigned int n0, const unsigned int n1,
-                           const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
-                           const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0,
-                           const unsigned int x1, const unsigned int y1,
-                           const unsigned int z1, const unsigned int c1) {
-      return _load_cimg(file,0,n0,n1,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1);
-    }
-
-    //! Load a sub-image list from a (non compressed) .cimg file \newinstance.
-    static CImgList<T> get_load_cimg(std::FILE *const file,
-                                     const unsigned int n0, const unsigned int n1,
-                                     const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
-                                     const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0,
-                                     const unsigned int x1, const unsigned int y1,
-                                     const unsigned int z1, const unsigned int c1) {
-      return CImgList<T>().load_cimg(file,n0,n1,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1);
-    }
-
-    CImgList<T>& _load_cimg(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename,
-			    const unsigned int n0, const unsigned int n1,
-			    const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
-                            const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0,
-			    const unsigned int x1, const unsigned int y1,
-                            const unsigned int z1, const unsigned int c1) {
-#define _cimg_load_cimg_case2(Ts,Tss) \
-      if (!loaded && !cimg::strcasecmp(Ts,str_pixeltype)) { \
-        for (unsigned int l = 0; l<=nn1; ++l) { \
-          j = 0; while ((i=std::fgetc(nfile))!='\n' && i>=0) tmp[j++] = (char)i; tmp[j] = 0; \
-          W = H = D = C = 0; \
-          if (std::sscanf(tmp,"%u %u %u %u",&W,&H,&D,&C)!=4) \
-            throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance \
-                                  "load_cimg(): Invalid specified size (%u,%u,%u,%u) of image %u in file '%s'", \
-                                  cimglist_instance, \
-                                  W,H,D,C,l,filename?filename:"(FILE*)"); \
-          if (W*H*D*C>0) { \
-            if (l<nn0 || nx0>=W || ny0>=H || nz0>=D || nc0>=C) std::fseek(nfile,W*H*D*C*sizeof(Tss),SEEK_CUR); \
-            else { \
-              const unsigned int \
-                _nx1 = nx1==~0U?W-1:nx1, \
-                _ny1 = ny1==~0U?H-1:ny1, \
-                _nz1 = nz1==~0U?D-1:nz1, \
-                _nc1 = nc1==~0U?C-1:nc1; \
-              if (_nx1>=W || _ny1>=H || _nz1>=D || _nc1>=C) \
-                throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance \
-                                            "load_cimg(): Invalid specified coordinates " \
-                                            "[%u](%u,%u,%u,%u) -> [%u](%u,%u,%u,%u) " \
-                                            "because image [%u] in file '%s' has size (%u,%u,%u,%u).", \
-                                            cimglist_instance, \
-                                            n0,x0,y0,z0,c0,n1,x1,y1,z1,c1,l,filename?filename:"(FILE*)",W,H,D,C); \
-              CImg<Tss> raw(1 + _nx1 - nx0); \
-              CImg<T> &img = _data[l - nn0]; \
-              img.assign(1 + _nx1 - nx0,1 + _ny1 - ny0,1 + _nz1 - nz0,1 + _nc1 - nc0); \
-              T *ptrd = img._data; \
-              const unsigned int skipvb = nc0*W*H*D*sizeof(Tss); \
-              if (skipvb) std::fseek(nfile,skipvb,SEEK_CUR); \
-              for (unsigned int c = 1 + _nc1 - nc0; c; --c) { \
-                const unsigned int skipzb = nz0*W*H*sizeof(Tss); \
-                if (skipzb) std::fseek(nfile,skipzb,SEEK_CUR); \
-                for (unsigned int z = 1 + _nz1 - nz0; z; --z) { \
-                  const unsigned int skipyb = ny0*W*sizeof(Tss); \
-                  if (skipyb) std::fseek(nfile,skipyb,SEEK_CUR); \
-                  for (unsigned int y = 1 + _ny1 - ny0; y; --y) { \
-                    const unsigned int skipxb = nx0*sizeof(Tss); \
-                    if (skipxb) std::fseek(nfile,skipxb,SEEK_CUR); \
-                    cimg::fread(raw._data,raw._width,nfile); \
-                    if (endian!=cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(raw._data,raw._width); \
-                    const Tss *ptrs = raw._data; \
-                    for (unsigned int off = raw._width; off; --off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(ptrs++); \
-                    const unsigned int skipxe = (W-1-_nx1)*sizeof(Tss); \
-                    if (skipxe) std::fseek(nfile,skipxe,SEEK_CUR); \
-                  } \
-                  const unsigned int skipye = (H-1-_ny1)*W*sizeof(Tss); \
-                  if (skipye) std::fseek(nfile,skipye,SEEK_CUR); \
-                } \
-                const unsigned int skipze = (D-1-_nz1)*W*H*sizeof(Tss); \
-                if (skipze) std::fseek(nfile,skipze,SEEK_CUR); \
-              } \
-              const unsigned int skipve = (C-1-_nc1)*W*H*D*sizeof(Tss); \
-              if (skipve) std::fseek(nfile,skipve,SEEK_CUR); \
-            } \
-          } \
-        } \
-        loaded = true; \
-      }
-
-      if (!filename && !file)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "load_cimg(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-      unsigned int
-        nn0 = cimg::min(n0,n1), nn1 = cimg::max(n0,n1),
-        nx0 = cimg::min(x0,x1), nx1 = cimg::max(x0,x1),
-        ny0 = cimg::min(y0,y1), ny1 = cimg::max(y0,y1),
-        nz0 = cimg::min(z0,z1), nz1 = cimg::max(z0,z1),
-        nc0 = cimg::min(c0,c1), nc1 = cimg::max(c0,c1);
-
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
-      bool loaded = false, endian = cimg::endianness();
-      char tmp[256] = { 0 }, str_pixeltype[256] = { 0 }, str_endian[256] = { 0 };
-      unsigned int j, err, N, W, H, D, C;
-      int i;
-      j = 0; while((i=std::fgetc(nfile))!='\n' && i!=EOF && j<256) tmp[j++] = (char)i; tmp[j] = 0;
-      err = std::sscanf(tmp,"%u%*c%255[A-Za-z_]%*c%255[sA-Za-z_ ]",&N,str_pixeltype,str_endian);
-      if (err<2) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "load_cimg(): CImg header not found in file '%s'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp("little",str_endian,6)) endian = false;
-      else if (!cimg::strncasecmp("big",str_endian,3)) endian = true;
-      nn1 = n1==~0U?N-1:n1;
-      if (nn1>=N)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "load_cimg(): Invalid specified coordinates [%u](%u,%u,%u,%u) -> [%u](%u,%u,%u,%u) "
-                                    "because file '%s' contains only %u images.",
-                                    cimglist_instance,
-                                    n0,x0,y0,z0,c0,n1,x1,y1,z1,c1,filename?filename:"(FILE*)",N);
-      assign(1+nn1-n0);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("bool",bool);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("unsigned_char",unsigned char);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("uchar",unsigned char);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("char",char);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("unsigned_short",unsigned short);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("ushort",unsigned short);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("short",short);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("unsigned_int",unsigned int);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("uint",unsigned int);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("int",int);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("unsigned_long",unsigned long);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("ulong",unsigned long);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("long",long);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("float",float);
-      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("double",double);
-      if (!loaded) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "load_cimg(): Unsupported pixel type '%s' for file '%s'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              str_pixeltype,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load a list from a PAR/REC (Philips) file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename to read data from.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& load_parrec(const char *const filename) {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "load_parrec(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-
-      char body[1024] = { 0 }, filenamepar[1024] = { 0 }, filenamerec[1024] = { 0 };
-      const char *const ext = cimg::split_filename(filename,body);
-      if (!std::strcmp(ext,"par")) {
-        std::strncpy(filenamepar,filename,sizeof(filenamepar)-1);
-        cimg_snprintf(filenamerec,sizeof(filenamerec),"%s.rec",body);
-      }
-      if (!std::strcmp(ext,"PAR")) {
-        std::strncpy(filenamepar,filename,sizeof(filenamepar)-1);
-        cimg_snprintf(filenamerec,sizeof(filenamerec),"%s.REC",body);
-      }
-      if (!std::strcmp(ext,"rec")) {
-        std::strncpy(filenamerec,filename,sizeof(filenamerec)-1);
-        cimg_snprintf(filenamepar,sizeof(filenamepar),"%s.par",body);
-      }
-      if (!std::strcmp(ext,"REC")) {
-        std::strncpy(filenamerec,filename,sizeof(filenamerec)-1);
-        cimg_snprintf(filenamepar,sizeof(filenamepar),"%s.PAR",body);
-      }
-      std::FILE *file = cimg::fopen(filenamepar,"r");
-
-      // Parse header file
-      CImgList<floatT> st_slices;
-      CImgList<uintT> st_global;
-      int err;
-      char line[256] = { 0 };
-      do { err=std::fscanf(file,"%255[^\n]%*c",line); } while (err!=EOF && (*line=='#' || *line=='.'));
-      do {
-        unsigned int sn,size_x,size_y,pixsize;
-        float rs,ri,ss;
-        err = std::fscanf(file,"%u%*u%*u%*u%*u%*u%*u%u%*u%u%u%g%g%g%*[^\n]",&sn,&pixsize,&size_x,&size_y,&ri,&rs,&ss);
-        if (err==7) {
-          CImg<floatT>::vector((float)sn,(float)pixsize,(float)size_x,(float)size_y,ri,rs,ss,0).move_to(st_slices);
-          unsigned int i; for (i = 0; i<st_global._width && sn<=st_global[i][2]; ++i) {}
-          if (i==st_global._width) CImg<uintT>::vector(size_x,size_y,sn).move_to(st_global);
-          else {
-            CImg<uintT> &vec = st_global[i];
-            if (size_x>vec[0]) vec[0] = size_x;
-            if (size_y>vec[1]) vec[1] = size_y;
-            vec[2] = sn;
-          }
-          st_slices[st_slices._width-1][7] = (float)i;
-        }
-      } while (err==7);
-
-      // Read data
-      std::FILE *file2 = cimg::fopen(filenamerec,"rb");
-      cimglist_for(st_global,l) {
-        const CImg<uintT>& vec = st_global[l];
-        CImg<T>(vec[0],vec[1],vec[2]).move_to(*this);
-      }
-
-      cimglist_for(st_slices,l) {
-        const CImg<floatT>& vec = st_slices[l];
-        const unsigned int
-          sn = (unsigned int)vec[0] - 1,
-          pixsize = (unsigned int)vec[1],
-          size_x = (unsigned int)vec[2],
-          size_y = (unsigned int)vec[3],
-          imn = (unsigned int)vec[7];
-        const float ri = vec[4], rs = vec[5], ss = vec[6];
-        switch (pixsize) {
-        case 8 : {
-          CImg<ucharT> buf(size_x,size_y);
-          cimg::fread(buf._data,size_x*size_y,file2);
-          if (cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,size_x*size_y);
-          CImg<T>& img = (*this)[imn];
-          cimg_forXY(img,x,y) img(x,y,sn) = (T)(( buf(x,y)*rs + ri )/(rs*ss));
-        } break;
-        case 16 : {
-          CImg<ushortT> buf(size_x,size_y);
-          cimg::fread(buf._data,size_x*size_y,file2);
-          if (cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,size_x*size_y);
-          CImg<T>& img = (*this)[imn];
-          cimg_forXY(img,x,y) img(x,y,sn) = (T)(( buf(x,y)*rs + ri )/(rs*ss));
-        } break;
-        case 32 : {
-          CImg<uintT> buf(size_x,size_y);
-          cimg::fread(buf._data,size_x*size_y,file2);
-          if (cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,size_x*size_y);
-          CImg<T>& img = (*this)[imn];
-          cimg_forXY(img,x,y) img(x,y,sn) = (T)(( buf(x,y)*rs + ri )/(rs*ss));
-        } break;
-        default :
-          cimg::fclose(file);
-          cimg::fclose(file2);
-          throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                                "load_parrec(): Unsupported %d-bits pixel type for file '%s'.",
-                                cimglist_instance,
-                                pixsize,filename);
-        }
-      }
-      cimg::fclose(file);
-      cimg::fclose(file2);
-      if (!_width)
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "load_parrec(): Failed to recognize valid PAR-REC data in file '%s'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              filename);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load a list from a PAR/REC (Philips) file \newinstance.
-    static CImgList<T> get_load_parrec(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImgList<T>().load_parrec(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load a list from a YUV image sequence file.
-    /**
-        \param filename Filename to read data from.
-        \param size_x Width of the images.
-        \param size_y Height of the images.
-        \param first_frame Index of first image frame to read.
-        \param last_frame Index of last image frame to read.
-        \param step_frame Step applied between each frame.
-        \param yuv2rgb Apply YUV to RGB transformation during reading.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& load_yuv(const char *const filename,
-                          const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
-                          const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
-                          const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool yuv2rgb=true) {
-      return _load_yuv(0,filename,size_x,size_y,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,yuv2rgb);
-    }
-
-    //! Load a list from a YUV image sequence file \newinstance.
-    static CImgList<T> get_load_yuv(const char *const filename,
-                                    const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
-                                    const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
-                                    const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool yuv2rgb=true) {
-      return CImgList<T>().load_yuv(filename,size_x,size_y,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,yuv2rgb);
-    }
-
-    //! Load a list from an image sequence YUV file \overloading.
-    CImgList<T>& load_yuv(std::FILE *const file,
-                          const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
-                          const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
-                          const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool yuv2rgb=true) {
-      return _load_yuv(file,0,size_x,size_y,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,yuv2rgb);
-    }
-
-    //! Load a list from an image sequence YUV file \newinstance.
-    static CImgList<T> get_load_yuv(std::FILE *const file,
-                                    const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
-                                    const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
-                                    const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool yuv2rgb=true) {
-      return CImgList<T>().load_yuv(file,size_x,size_y,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,yuv2rgb);
-    }
-
-    CImgList<T>& _load_yuv(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename,
-			   const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
-			   const unsigned int first_frame, const unsigned int last_frame,
-			   const unsigned int step_frame, const bool yuv2rgb) {
-      if (!filename && !file)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "load_yuv(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-      if (size_x%2 || size_y%2)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "load_yuv(): Invalid odd XY dimensions %ux%u in file '%s'.",
-                                    cimglist_instance,
-                                    size_x,size_y,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      if (!size_x || !size_y)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "load_yuv(): Invalid sequence size (%u,%u) in file '%s'.",
-                                    cimglist_instance,
-                                    size_x,size_y,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-      const unsigned int
-	nfirst_frame = first_frame<last_frame?first_frame:last_frame,
-	nlast_frame = first_frame<last_frame?last_frame:first_frame,
-	nstep_frame = step_frame?step_frame:1;
-
-      CImg<ucharT> tmp(size_x,size_y,1,3), UV(size_x/2,size_y/2,1,2);
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
-      bool stop_flag = false;
-      int err;
-      if (nfirst_frame) {
-        err = std::fseek(nfile,nfirst_frame*(size_x*size_y + size_x*size_y/2),SEEK_CUR);
-        if (err) {
-          if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-          throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                                "load_yuv(): File '%s' doesn't contain frame number %u.",
-                                cimglist_instance,
-                                filename?filename:"(FILE*)",nfirst_frame);
-        }
-      }
-      unsigned int frame;
-      for (frame = nfirst_frame; !stop_flag && frame<=nlast_frame; frame+=nstep_frame) {
-        tmp.fill(0);
-        // *TRY* to read the luminance part, do not replace by cimg::fread!
-        err = (int)std::fread((void*)(tmp._data),1,(unsigned long)tmp._width*tmp._height,nfile);
-        if (err!=(int)(tmp._width*tmp._height)) {
-          stop_flag = true;
-          if (err>0)
-            cimg::warn(_cimglist_instance
-                       "load_yuv(): File '%s' contains incomplete data or given image dimensions "
-                       "(%u,%u) are incorrect.",
-                       cimglist_instance,
-                       filename?filename:"(FILE*)",size_x,size_y);
-        } else {
-          UV.fill(0);
-          // *TRY* to read the luminance part, do not replace by cimg::fread!
-          err = (int)std::fread((void*)(UV._data),1,(size_t)(UV.size()),nfile);
-          if (err!=(int)(UV.size())) {
-            stop_flag = true;
-            if (err>0)
-              cimg::warn(_cimglist_instance
-                         "load_yuv(): File '%s' contains incomplete data or given image dimensions (%u,%u) "
-                         "are incorrect.",
-                         cimglist_instance,
-                         filename?filename:"(FILE*)",size_x,size_y);
-          } else {
-            cimg_forXY(UV,x,y) {
-              const int x2 = x*2, y2 = y*2;
-              tmp(x2,y2,1) = tmp(x2+1,y2,1) = tmp(x2,y2+1,1) = tmp(x2+1,y2+1,1) = UV(x,y,0);
-              tmp(x2,y2,2) = tmp(x2+1,y2,2) = tmp(x2,y2+1,2) = tmp(x2+1,y2+1,2) = UV(x,y,1);
-            }
-            if (yuv2rgb) tmp.YCbCrtoRGB();
-            insert(tmp);
-	    if (nstep_frame>1) std::fseek(nfile,(nstep_frame-1)*(size_x*size_y + size_x*size_y/2),SEEK_CUR);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      if (stop_flag && nlast_frame!=~0U && frame!=nlast_frame)
-        cimg::warn(_cimglist_instance
-                   "load_yuv(): Frame %d not reached since only %u frames were found in file '%s'.",
-                   cimglist_instance,
-                   nlast_frame,frame-1,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load an image from a video file, using ffmpeg libraries.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-      \param first_frame Index of the first frame to read.
-      \param last_frame Index of the last frame to read.
-      \param step_frame Step value for frame reading.
-      \param pixel_format To be documented.
-      \param resume To be documented.
-    **/
-    // This piece of code has been firstly created by David Starweather (starkdg(at)users(dot)sourceforge(dot)net)
-    // I modified it afterwards for direct inclusion in the library core.
-    CImgList<T>& load_ffmpeg(const char *const filename,
-                             const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
-			     const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool pixel_format=true, const bool resume=false) {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "load_ffmpeg(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-
-      const unsigned int
-	nfirst_frame = first_frame<last_frame?first_frame:last_frame,
-	nlast_frame = first_frame<last_frame?last_frame:first_frame,
-	nstep_frame = step_frame?step_frame:1;
-      assign();
-
-#ifndef cimg_use_ffmpeg
-      if ((nfirst_frame || nlast_frame!=~0U || nstep_frame>1) || (resume && (pixel_format || !pixel_format)))
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "load_ffmpeg(): Unable to load sub-frames from file '%s' unless libffmpeg "
-                                    "is enabled.",
-                                    cimglist_instance,
-                                    filename);
-
-      return load_ffmpeg_external(filename);
-#else
-      const PixelFormat ffmpeg_pixfmt = pixel_format?PIX_FMT_RGB24:PIX_FMT_GRAY8;
-      avcodec_register_all();
-      av_register_all();
-      static AVFormatContext *format_ctx = 0;
-      static AVCodecContext *codec_ctx = 0;
-      static AVCodec *codec = 0;
-      static AVFrame *avframe = avcodec_alloc_frame(), *converted_frame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
-      static int vstream = 0;
-
-      if (resume) {
-        if (!format_ctx || !codec_ctx || !codec || !avframe || !converted_frame)
-          throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                      "load_ffmpeg(): Failed to resume loading of file '%s', "
-                                      "due to unallocated FFMPEG structures.",
-                                      cimglist_instance,
-                                      filename);
-      } else {
-        // Open video file, find main video stream and codec.
-        if (format_ctx) avformat_close_input(&format_ctx);
-        if (avformat_open_input(&format_ctx,filename,0,0)!=0)
-          throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                                "load_ffmpeg(): Failed to open file '%s'.",
-                                cimglist_instance,
-                                filename);
-
-        if (!avframe || !converted_frame || avformat_find_stream_info(format_ctx,NULL)<0) {
-          avformat_close_input(&format_ctx); format_ctx = 0;
-          return load_ffmpeg_external(filename);
-        }
-#if cimg_verbosity>=3
-        dump_format(format_ctx,0,0,0);
-#endif
-
-        // Special command: Return informations on main video stream.
-        // as a vector 1x4 containing: (nb_frames,width,height,fps).
-        if (!first_frame && !last_frame && !step_frame) {
-          for (vstream = 0; vstream<(int)(format_ctx->nb_streams); ++vstream)
-            if (format_ctx->streams[vstream]->codec->codec_type==AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) break;
-          if (vstream==(int)format_ctx->nb_streams) assign();
-          else {
-            CImgList<doubleT> timestamps;
-            int nb_frames;
-            AVPacket packet;
-            // Count frames and store timestamps.
-            for (nb_frames = 0; av_read_frame(format_ctx,&packet)>=0; av_free_packet(&packet))
-              if (packet.stream_index==vstream) {
-                CImg<doubleT>::vector((double)packet.pts).move_to(timestamps);
-                ++nb_frames;
-              }
-            // Get frame with, height and fps.
-            const int
-              framew = format_ctx->streams[vstream]->codec->width,
-              frameh = format_ctx->streams[vstream]->codec->height;
-            const float
-              num = (float)(format_ctx->streams[vstream]->r_frame_rate).num,
-              den = (float)(format_ctx->streams[vstream]->r_frame_rate).den,
-              fps = num/den;
-            // Return infos as a list.
-            assign(2);
-            (*this)[0].assign(1,4).fill((T)nb_frames,(T)framew,(T)frameh,(T)fps);
-            (*this)[1] = (timestamps>'y');
-          }
-          avformat_close_input(&format_ctx); format_ctx = 0;
-          return *this;
-        }
-
-        for (vstream = 0; vstream<(int)(format_ctx->nb_streams) &&
-               format_ctx->streams[vstream]->codec->codec_type!=AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO; ) ++vstream;
-        if (vstream==(int)format_ctx->nb_streams) {
-          avformat_close_input(&format_ctx); format_ctx = 0;
-          return load_ffmpeg_external(filename);
-        }
-        codec_ctx = format_ctx->streams[vstream]->codec;
-        codec = avcodec_find_decoder(codec_ctx->codec_id);
-        if (!codec) {
-          return load_ffmpeg_external(filename);
-        }
-        if (avcodec_open2(codec_ctx,codec,NULL)<0) { // Open codec
-          return load_ffmpeg_external(filename);
-        }
-      }
-
-      // Read video frames
-      const unsigned int numBytes = avpicture_get_size(ffmpeg_pixfmt,codec_ctx->width,codec_ctx->height);
-      uint8_t *const buffer = new uint8_t[numBytes];
-      avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)converted_frame,buffer,ffmpeg_pixfmt,codec_ctx->width,codec_ctx->height);
-      const T foo = (T)0;
-      AVPacket packet;
-      for (unsigned int frame = 0, next_frame = nfirst_frame;
-           frame<=nlast_frame && av_read_frame(format_ctx,&packet)>=0; ) {
-	if (packet.stream_index==(int)vstream) {
-          int decoded = 0;
-#if defined(AV_VERSION_INT)
-#if LIBAVCODEC_VERSION_INT<AV_VERSION_INT(52,26,0)
-          avcodec_decode_video(codec_ctx,avframe,&decoded,packet.data, packet.size);
-#else
-          avcodec_decode_video2(codec_ctx,avframe,&decoded,&packet);
-#endif
-#else
-          avcodec_decode_video(codec_ctx,avframe,&decoded,packet.data, packet.size);
-#endif
-	  if (decoded) {
-	    if (frame==next_frame) {
-	      SwsContext *c = sws_getContext(codec_ctx->width,codec_ctx->height,codec_ctx->pix_fmt,codec_ctx->width,
-                                             codec_ctx->height,ffmpeg_pixfmt,1,0,0,0);
-	      sws_scale(c,avframe->data,avframe->linesize,0,codec_ctx->height,
-                        converted_frame->data,converted_frame->linesize);
-	      if (ffmpeg_pixfmt==PIX_FMT_RGB24) {
-		CImg<ucharT> next_image(*converted_frame->data,3,codec_ctx->width,codec_ctx->height,1,true);
-		next_image._get_permute_axes("yzcx",foo).move_to(*this);
-	      } else {
-		CImg<ucharT> next_image(*converted_frame->data,1,codec_ctx->width,codec_ctx->height,1,true);
-		next_image._get_permute_axes("yzcx",foo).move_to(*this);
-	      }
-	      next_frame+=nstep_frame;
-	    }
-	    ++frame;
-	  }
-	  av_free_packet(&packet);
-	  if (next_frame>nlast_frame) break;
-	}
-      }
-      delete[] buffer;
-      return *this;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    //! Load an image from a video file, using ffmpeg libraries \newinstance.
-    static CImgList<T> get_load_ffmpeg(const char *const filename,
-                                       const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
-				       const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool pixel_format=true) {
-      return CImgList<T>().load_ffmpeg(filename,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,pixel_format);
-    }
-
-    //! Load an image from a video file using the external tool 'ffmpeg'.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename to read data from.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& load_ffmpeg_external(const char *const filename) {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "load_ffmpeg_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-      std::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"rb"));            // Check if file exists.
-      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 }, filetmp2[512] = { 0 };
-      std::FILE *file = 0;
-      do {
-        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s",cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
-        cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s_000001.ppm",filetmp);
-        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp2,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-      } while (file);
-      cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s_%%6d.ppm",filetmp);
-#if cimg_OS!=2
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -i \"%s\" \"%s\" >/dev/null 2>&1",
-                    cimg::ffmpeg_path(),
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data(),
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp2)._system_strescape().data());
-#else
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"\"%s -i \"%s\" \"%s\"\" >NUL 2>&1",
-                    cimg::ffmpeg_path(),
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data(),
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp2)._system_strescape().data());
-#endif
-      cimg::system(command,0);
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      assign();
-      unsigned int i = 1;
-      for (bool stop_flag = false; !stop_flag; ++i) {
-        cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s_%.6u.ppm",filetmp,i);
-        CImg<T> img;
-        try { img.load_pnm(filetmp2); }
-        catch (CImgException&) { stop_flag = true; }
-        if (img) { img.move_to(*this); std::remove(filetmp2); }
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "load_ffmpeg_external(): Failed to open file '%s' with external command 'ffmpeg'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              filename);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load an image from a video file using the external tool 'ffmpeg' \newinstance.
-    static CImgList<T> get_load_ffmpeg_external(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImgList<T>().load_ffmpeg_external(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load gif file, using ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick's external tools.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename to read data from.
-      \param use_graphicsmagick Tells if GraphicsMagick's tool 'gm' is used instead of ImageMagick's tool 'convert'.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& load_gif_external(const char *const filename) {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "load_gif_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-      std::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"rb"));            // Check if file exists.
-      if (!_load_gif_external(filename,false))
-        if (!_load_gif_external(filename,true))
-          try { assign(CImg<T>().load_other(filename)); } catch (CImgException&) { assign(); }
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "load_gif_external(): Failed to open file '%s'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,filename);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    CImgList<T>& _load_gif_external(const char *const filename, const bool use_graphicsmagick=false) {
-      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 }, filetmp2[512] = { 0 };
-      std::FILE *file = 0;
-      do {
-        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s",cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
-        if (use_graphicsmagick) cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s.png.0",filetmp);
-        else cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s-0.png",filetmp);
-        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp2,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-      } while (file);
-#if cimg_OS!=2
-      if (use_graphicsmagick) cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s convert \"%s\" \"%s.png\" >/dev/null 2>&1",
-                                            cimg::graphicsmagick_path(),
-                                            CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data(),
-                                            CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data());
-      else cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s \"%s\" \"%s.png\" >/dev/null 2>&1",
-                         cimg::imagemagick_path(),
-                         CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data(),
-                         CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data());
-#else
-      if (use_graphicsmagick) cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"\"%s convert \"%s\" \"%s.png\"\" >NUL 2>&1",
-                                            cimg::graphicsmagick_path(),
-                                            CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data(),
-                                            CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data());
-      else cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"\"%s \"%s\" \"%s.png\"\" >NUL 2>&1",
-                         cimg::imagemagick_path(),
-                         CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data(),
-                         CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data());
-#endif
-      cimg::system(command,0);
-      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
-      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
-      assign();
-
-      // Try to read a single frame gif.
-      cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s.png",filetmp);
-      CImg<T> img;
-      try { img.load_png(filetmp2); }
-      catch (CImgException&) { }
-      if (img) { img.move_to(*this); std::remove(filetmp2); }
-      else { // Try to read animated gif.
-        unsigned int i = 0;
-        for (bool stop_flag = false; !stop_flag; ++i) {
-          if (use_graphicsmagick) cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s.png.%u",filetmp,i);
-          else cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s-%u.png",filetmp,i);
-          CImg<T> img;
-          try { img.load_png(filetmp2); }
-          catch (CImgException&) { stop_flag = true; }
-          if (img) { img.move_to(*this); std::remove(filetmp2); }
-        }
-      }
-      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load gif file, using ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick's external tools \newinstance.
-    static CImgList<T> get_load_gif_external(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImgList<T>().load_gif_external(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load a gzipped list, using external tool 'gunzip'.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename to read data from.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& load_gzip_external(const char *const filename) {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "load_gzip_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                              cimglist_instance);
-      std::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"rb"));            // Check if file exists.
-      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 }, body[512] = { 0 };
-      const char
-        *ext = cimg::split_filename(filename,body),
-        *ext2 = cimg::split_filename(body,0);
-      std::FILE *file = 0;
-      do {
-        if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"gz")) {
-          if (*ext2) cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.%s",
-                                   cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand(),ext2);
-          else cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s",
-                             cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
-        } else {
-          if (*ext) cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.%s",
-                                  cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand(),ext);
-          else cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s",
-                             cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
-        }
-        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-      } while (file);
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -c \"%s\" > \"%s\"",
-                    cimg::gunzip_path(),
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data(),
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data());
-      cimg::system(command);
-      if (!(file = std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))) {
-        cimg::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"r"));
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "load_gzip_external(): Failed to open file '%s'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              filename);
-
-      } else cimg::fclose(file);
-      load(filetmp);
-      std::remove(filetmp);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Load a gzipped list, using external tool 'gunzip' \newinstance.
-    static CImgList<T> get_load_gzip_external(const char *const filename) {
-      return CImgList<T>().load_gzip_external(filename);
-    }
-
-    //! Load a 3d object from a .OFF file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename to read data from.
-      \param[out] primitives At return, contains the list of 3d object primitives.
-      \param[out] colors At return, contains the list of 3d object colors.
-      \return List of 3d object vertices.
-    **/
-    template<typename tf, typename tc>
-    CImgList<T>& load_off(const char *const filename,
-			  CImgList<tf>& primitives, CImgList<tc>& colors) {
-      return get_load_off(filename,primitives,colors).move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Load a 3d object from a .OFF file \newinstance.
-    template<typename tf, typename tc>
-      static CImgList<T> get_load_off(const char *const filename,
-                                      CImgList<tf>& primitives, CImgList<tc>& colors) {
-      return CImg<T>().load_off(filename,primitives,colors)<'x';
-    }
-
-    //! Load images from a TIFF file.
-    /**
-        \param filename Filename to read data from.
-        \param first_frame Index of first image frame to read.
-        \param last_frame Index of last image frame to read.
-        \param step_frame Step applied between each frame.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& load_tiff(const char *const filename,
-			   const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
-			   const unsigned int step_frame=1,
-                           float *const voxel_size=0) {
-      const unsigned int
-	nfirst_frame = first_frame<last_frame?first_frame:last_frame,
-	nstep_frame = step_frame?step_frame:1;
-      unsigned int nlast_frame = first_frame<last_frame?last_frame:first_frame;
-#ifndef cimg_use_tiff
-      cimg::unused(voxel_size);
-      if (nfirst_frame || nlast_frame!=~0U || nstep_frame!=1)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "load_tiff(): Unable to load sub-images from file '%s' unless libtiff is enabled.",
-                                    cimglist_instance,
-                                    filename);
-
-      return assign(CImg<T>::get_load_tiff(filename));
-#else
-      TIFF *tif = TIFFOpen(filename,"r");
-      if (tif) {
-        unsigned int nb_images = 0;
-        do ++nb_images; while (TIFFReadDirectory(tif));
-        if (nfirst_frame>=nb_images || (nlast_frame!=~0U && nlast_frame>=nb_images))
-          cimg::warn(_cimglist_instance
-                     "load_tiff(): Invalid specified frame range is [%u,%u] (step %u) since "
-                     "file '%s' contains %u image(s).",
-                     cimglist_instance,
-                     nfirst_frame,nlast_frame,nstep_frame,filename,nb_images);
-
-        if (nfirst_frame>=nb_images) return assign();
-        if (nlast_frame>=nb_images) nlast_frame = nb_images-1;
-        assign(1+(nlast_frame-nfirst_frame)/nstep_frame);
-        TIFFSetDirectory(tif,0);
-#if cimg_verbosity>=3
-        TIFFSetWarningHandler(0);
-        TIFFSetErrorHandler(0);
-#endif
-        cimglist_for(*this,l) _data[l]._load_tiff(tif,nfirst_frame + l*nstep_frame,voxel_size);
-        TIFFClose(tif);
-      } else throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                                   "load_tiff(): Failed to open file '%s'.",
-                                   cimglist_instance,
-                                   filename);
-      return *this;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    //! Load a multi-page TIFF file \newinstance.
-    static CImgList<T> get_load_tiff(const char *const filename,
-				     const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
-				     const unsigned int step_frame=1,
-                                     float *const voxel_size=0) {
-      return CImgList<T>().load_tiff(filename,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,voxel_size);
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //----------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Data Output
-    //@{
-    //----------------------------------
-
-    //! Print informations about the list on the standard output.
-    /**
-      \param title Label set to the informations displayed.
-      \param display_stats Tells if image statistics must be computed and displayed.
-    **/
-    const CImgList<T>& print(const char *const title=0, const bool display_stats=true) const {
-      unsigned int msiz = 0;
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) msiz+=_data[l].size();
-      msiz*=sizeof(T);
-      const unsigned int mdisp = msiz<8*1024?0:(msiz<8*1024*1024?1:2);
-      char _title[64] = { 0 };
-      if (!title) cimg_snprintf(_title,sizeof(_title),"CImgList<%s>",pixel_type());
-      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"%s%s%s%s: %sthis%s = %p, %ssize%s = %u/%u [%u %s], %sdata%s = (CImg<%s>*)%p",
-                   cimg::t_magenta,cimg::t_bold,title?title:_title,cimg::t_normal,
-                   cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,(void*)this,
-                   cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,_width,_allocated_width,
-                   mdisp==0?msiz:(mdisp==1?(msiz>>10):(msiz>>20)),
-                   mdisp==0?"b":(mdisp==1?"Kio":"Mio"),
-                   cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,pixel_type(),(void*)begin());
-      if (_data) std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"..%p.\n",(void*)((char*)end()-1));
-      else std::fprintf(cimg::output(),".\n");
-
-      char tmp[16] = { 0 };
-      cimglist_for(*this,ll) {
-        cimg_snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"[%d]",ll);
-        std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  ");
-        _data[ll].print(tmp,display_stats);
-        if (ll==3 && _width>8) { ll = _width-5; std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  ...\n"); }
-      }
-      std::fflush(cimg::output());
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Display the current CImgList instance in an existing CImgDisplay window (by reference).
-    /**
-       \param disp Reference to an existing CImgDisplay instance, where the current image list will be displayed.
-       \param axis Appending axis. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
-       \param align Appending alignmenet.
-       \note This function displays the list images of the current CImgList instance into an existing
-         CImgDisplay window.
-       Images of the list are appended in a single temporarly image for visualization purposes.
-       The function returns immediately.
-    **/
-    const CImgList<T>& display(CImgDisplay &disp, const char axis='x', const float align=0) const {
-      disp.display(*this,axis,align);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Display the current CImgList instance in a new display window.
-    /**
-        \param disp Display window.
-        \param display_info Tells if image informations are displayed on the standard output.
-       \param axis Alignment axis for images viewing.
-       \param align Apending alignment.
-       \note This function opens a new window with a specific title and displays the list images of the
-         current CImgList instance into it.
-       Images of the list are appended in a single temporarly image for visualization purposes.
-       The function returns when a key is pressed or the display window is closed by the user.
-    **/
-    const CImgList<T>& display(CImgDisplay &disp, const bool display_info,
-                               const char axis='x', const float align=0,
-                               unsigned int *const XYZ=0) const {
-      bool is_exit = false;
-      return _display(disp,0,display_info,axis,align,XYZ,0,true,is_exit);
-    }
-
-    //! Display the current CImgList instance in a new display window.
-    /**
-      \param title Title of the opening display window.
-      \param display_info Tells if list informations must be written on standard output.
-      \param axis Appending axis. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
-      \param align Appending alignment.
-    **/
-    const CImgList<T>& display(const char *const title=0, const bool display_info=true,
-                               const char axis='x', const float align=0,
-                               unsigned int *const XYZ=0) const {
-      CImgDisplay disp;
-      bool is_exit = false;
-      return _display(disp,title,display_info,axis,align,XYZ,0,true,is_exit);
-    }
-
-    const CImgList<T>& _display(CImgDisplay &disp, const char *const title, const bool display_info,
-                                const char axis, const float align, unsigned int *const XYZ,
-                                const unsigned int orig, const bool is_first_call, bool &is_exit) const {
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "display(): Empty instance.",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-      if (!disp) {
-        if (axis=='x') {
-          unsigned int sum_width = 0, max_height = 0;
-          cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-            const CImg<T> &img = _data[l];
-            const unsigned int
-              w = CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(img._width,img._height,img._depth,128,-85,false),
-              h = CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(img._width,img._height,img._depth,128,-85,true);
-            sum_width+=w;
-            if (h>max_height) max_height = h;
-          }
-          disp.assign(cimg_fitscreen(sum_width,max_height,1),title?title:0,1);
-        } else {
-          unsigned int max_width = 0, sum_height = 0;
-          cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-            const CImg<T> &img = _data[l];
-            const unsigned int
-              w = CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(img._width,img._height,img._depth,128,-85,false),
-              h = CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(img._width,img._height,img._depth,128,-85,true);
-            if (w>max_width) max_width = w;
-            sum_height+=h;
-          }
-          disp.assign(cimg_fitscreen(max_width,sum_height,1),title?title:0,1);
-        }
-        if (!title) disp.set_title("CImgList<%s> (%u)",pixel_type(),_width);
-      } else if (title) disp.set_title("%s",title);
-      const CImg<char> dtitle = CImg<char>::string(disp.title());
-      if (display_info) print(disp.title());
-      disp.show().flush();
-
-      if (_width==1) {
-        const unsigned int dw = disp._width, dh = disp._height;
-        if (!is_first_call)
-          disp.resize(cimg_fitscreen(_data[0]._width,_data[0]._height,_data[0]._depth),false).
-            set_title("%s (%ux%ux%ux%u)",
-                      dtitle.data(),_data[0]._width,_data[0]._height,_data[0]._depth,_data[0]._spectrum);
-        _data[0]._display(disp,0,false,XYZ,!is_first_call);
-        if (disp.key()) is_exit = true;
-        disp.resize(cimg_fitscreen(dw,dh,1),false).set_title("%s",dtitle.data());
-      } else {
-        bool disp_resize = !is_first_call;
-        while (!disp.is_closed() && !is_exit) {
-          const CImg<intT> s = _get_select(disp,0,true,axis,align,orig,disp_resize,!is_first_call,true);
-          disp_resize = true;
-          if (s[0]<0) { // No selections done.
-            if (disp.button()&2) { disp.flush(); break; }
-            is_exit = true;
-          } else if (disp.wheel()) { // Zoom in/out.
-            const int wheel = disp.wheel();
-            disp.set_wheel();
-            if (!is_first_call && wheel<0) break;
-            if (wheel>0 && _width>=4) {
-              const unsigned int
-                delta = cimg::max(1U,(unsigned int)cimg::round(0.3*_width)),
-                ind0 = (unsigned int)cimg::max(0,s[0] - (int)delta),
-                ind1 = (unsigned int)cimg::min(width() - 1,s[0] + (int)delta);
-              if ((ind0!=0 || ind1!=_width-1) && ind1 - ind0>=3)
-                get_shared_images(ind0,ind1)._display(disp,0,false,axis,align,XYZ,orig + ind0,false,is_exit);
-            }
-          } else if (s[0]!=0 || s[1]!=width()-1)
-            get_shared_images(s[0],s[1])._display(disp,0,false,axis,align,XYZ,orig+s[0],false,is_exit);
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save list into a file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename to write data to.
-      \param number When positive, represents an index added to the filename. Otherwise, no number is added.
-      \param digits Number of digits used for adding the number to the filename.
-    **/
-    const CImgList<T>& save(const char *const filename, const int number=-1, const unsigned int digits=6) const {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "save(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-      // Do not test for empty instances, since .cimg format is able to manage empty instances.
-      const bool is_stdout = *filename=='-' && (!filename[1] || filename[1]=='.');
-      const char *const ext = cimg::split_filename(filename);
-      char nfilename[1024] = { 0 };
-      const char *const fn = is_stdout?filename:number>=0?cimg::number_filename(filename,number,digits,nfilename):
-        filename;
-
-#ifdef cimglist_save_plugin
-      cimglist_save_plugin(fn);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_save_plugin1
-      cimglist_save_plugin1(fn);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_save_plugin2
-      cimglist_save_plugin2(fn);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_save_plugin3
-      cimglist_save_plugin3(fn);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_save_plugin4
-      cimglist_save_plugin4(fn);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_save_plugin5
-      cimglist_save_plugin5(fn);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_save_plugin6
-      cimglist_save_plugin6(fn);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_save_plugin7
-      cimglist_save_plugin7(fn);
-#endif
-#ifdef cimglist_save_plugin8
-      cimglist_save_plugin8(fn);
-#endif
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"cimgz")) return save_cimg(fn,true);
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"cimg") || !*ext) return save_cimg(fn,false);
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"yuv")) return save_yuv(fn,true);
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"avi") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mov") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"asf") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"divx") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"flv") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpg") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m1v") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m2v") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m4v") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mjp") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mp4") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mkv") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpe") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"movie") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogm") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogg") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogv") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"qt") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"rm") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"vob") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"wmv") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"xvid") ||
-               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpeg")) return save_ffmpeg(fn);
-#ifdef cimg_use_tiff
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"tif") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"tiff")) return save_tiff(fn);
-#endif
-      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"gz")) return save_gzip_external(fn);
-      else {
-        if (_width==1) _data[0].save(fn,-1);
-        else cimglist_for(*this,l) { _data[l].save(fn,is_stdout?-1:l); if (is_stdout) std::fputc(EOF,stdout); }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Tell if an image list can be saved as one single file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
-       \return \c true if the file format supports multiple images, \c false otherwise.
-    **/
-    static bool is_saveable(const char *const filename) {
-      const char *const ext = cimg::split_filename(filename);
-      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"cimgz") ||
-#ifdef cimg_use_tiff
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"tif") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"tiff") ||
-#endif
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"yuv") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"avi") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mov") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"asf") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"divx") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"flv") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpg") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m1v") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m2v") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m4v") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mjp") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mp4") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mkv") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpe") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"movie") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogm") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogg") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogv") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"qt") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"rm") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"vob") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"wmv") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"xvid") ||
-          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpeg")) return true;
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image sequence as a GIF animated file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename to write data to.
-       \param fps Number of desired frames per second.
-       \param nb_loops Number of loops (\c 0 for infinite looping).
-    **/
-    const CImgList<T>& save_gif_external(const char *const filename, const unsigned int fps=25,
-                                         const unsigned int nb_loops=0) {
-      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 }, filetmp2[512] = { 0 };
-      CImgList<charT> filenames;
-      std::FILE *file = 0;
-
-#ifdef cimg_use_png
-#define _cimg_save_gif_ext "png"
-#else
-#define _cimg_save_gif_ext "ppm"
-#endif
-
-      do {
-        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s",cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
-        cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s_000001." _cimg_save_gif_ext,filetmp);
-        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp2,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-      } while (file);
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-        cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s_%.6u." _cimg_save_gif_ext,filetmp,l+1);
-        CImg<charT>::string(filetmp2).move_to(filenames);
-        if (_data[l]._depth>1 || _data[l]._spectrum!=3) _data[l].get_resize(-100,-100,1,3).save(filetmp2);
-        else _data[l].save(filetmp2);
-      }
-
-#if cimg_OS!=2
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -delay 1x%u -loop %u",
-                    cimg::imagemagick_path(),fps,nb_loops);
-      CImg<ucharT>::string(command).move_to(filenames,0);
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"\"%s\" >/dev/null 2>&1",
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data());
-      CImg<ucharT>::string(command).move_to(filenames);
-#else
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"\"%s -delay 1x%u -loop %u",
-                    cimg::imagemagick_path(),fps,nb_loops);
-      CImg<ucharT>::string(command).move_to(filenames,0);
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"\"%s\"\" >NUL 2>&1",
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data());
-      CImg<ucharT>::string(command).move_to(filenames);
-#endif
-      CImg<charT> _command = filenames>'x';
-      cimg_for(_command,p,char) if (!*p) *p = ' ';
-      _command.back() = 0;
-
-      cimg::system(_command);
-      file = std::fopen(filename,"rb");
-      if (!file)
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "save_gif_external(): Failed to save file '%s' with external command 'convert'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              filename);
-      else cimg::fclose(file);
-      cimglist_for_in(*this,1,filenames._width-1,l) std::remove(filenames[l]);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image sequence, using FFMPEG library.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename to write data to.
-      \param fps Desired framerate (in frames per seconds) if chosen format supports it.
-      \param bitrate Desired bitrate (in bits per seconds) if chosen format supports it.
-    **/
-    // This piece of code has been originally written by David. G. Starkweather.
-    const CImgList<T>& save_ffmpeg(const char *const filename, const unsigned int fps=25,
-                                   const unsigned int bitrate=2048) const {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "save_ffmpeg(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-      if (!fps)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "save_ffmpeg(): Invalid specified framerate 0, for file '%s'.",
-                                    cimglist_instance,
-                                    filename);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
-
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) if (!_data[l].is_sameXYZ(_data[0]))
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "save_ffmpeg(): Invalid instance dimensions, for file '%s'.",
-                                    cimglist_instance,
-                                    filename);
-
-#ifndef cimg_use_ffmpeg
-      return save_ffmpeg_external(filename,0,fps,bitrate);
-#else
-      avcodec_register_all();
-      av_register_all();
-      const int
-        frame_dimx = _data[0].width(),
-        frame_dimy = _data[0].height(),
-        frame_dimv = _data[0].spectrum();
-      if (frame_dimv!=1 && frame_dimv!=3)
-	throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "save_ffmpeg(): Image[0] (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) has not 1 or 3 channels, for file '%s'.",
-                                    cimglist_instance,
-                                    _data[0]._width,_data[0]._height,_data[0]._depth,_data[0]._spectrum,_data,filename);
-
-      PixelFormat dest_pxl_fmt = PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
-      PixelFormat src_pxl_fmt  = (frame_dimv==3)?PIX_FMT_RGB24:PIX_FMT_GRAY8;
-
-      int sws_flags = SWS_FAST_BILINEAR; // Interpolation method (keeping same size images for now).
-      AVOutputFormat *fmt = 0;
-#if defined(AV_VERSION_INT)
-#if LIBAVFORMAT_VERSION_INT<AV_VERSION_INT(52,45,0)
-      fmt = guess_format(0,filename,0);
-      if (!fmt) fmt = guess_format("mpeg",0,0); // Default format "mpeg".
-#else
-      fmt = av_guess_format(0,filename,0);
-      if (!fmt) fmt = av_guess_format("mpeg",0,0); // Default format "mpeg".
-#endif
-#else
-      fmt = guess_format(0,filename,0);
-      if (!fmt) fmt = guess_format("mpeg",0,0); // Default format "mpeg".
-#endif
-
-      if (!fmt)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "save_ffmpeg(): Unable to determine codec for file '%s'.",
-                                    cimglist_instance,
-                                    filename);
-
-      AVFormatContext *oc = 0;
-#if defined(AV_VERSION_INT)
-#if LIBAVFORMAT_VERSION_INT<AV_VERSION_INT(52,36,0)
-      oc = av_alloc_format_context();
-#else
-      oc = avformat_alloc_context();
-#endif
-#else
-      oc = av_alloc_format_context();
-#endif
-      if (!oc) // Failed to allocate format context.
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to allocate FFMPEG structure for format context, for file '%s'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              filename);
-
-      AVCodec *codec = 0;
-      AVFrame *picture = 0;
-      AVFrame *tmp_pict = 0;
-      oc->oformat = fmt;
-      std::sprintf(oc->filename,"%s",filename);
-
-      // Add video stream.
-      AVStream *video_str = 0;
-      if (fmt->video_codec!=CODEC_ID_NONE) {
-	video_str = avformat_new_stream(oc,NULL);
-	if (!video_str) { // Failed to allocate stream.
-          av_free(oc);
-          throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                                "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to allocate FFMPEG structure for video stream, for file '%s'.",
-                                cimglist_instance,
-                                filename);
-	}
-      } else { // No codec identified.
-        av_free(oc);
-	throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to identify proper codec, for file '%s'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              filename);
-      }
-
-      AVCodecContext *c = video_str->codec;
-      c->codec_id = fmt->video_codec;
-      c->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
-      c->bit_rate = 1024*bitrate;
-      c->width = frame_dimx;
-      c->height = frame_dimy;
-      c->time_base.num = 1;
-      c->time_base.den = fps;
-      c->gop_size = 12;
-      c->pix_fmt = dest_pxl_fmt;
-      if (c->codec_id==CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO) c->max_b_frames = 2;
-      if (c->codec_id==CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO) c->mb_decision = 2;
-
-      // Open codecs and alloc buffers.
-      codec = avcodec_find_encoder(c->codec_id);
-      if (!codec) { // Failed to find codec.
-        av_free(oc);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "save_ffmpeg(): No valid codec found for file '%s'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              filename);
-      }
-      if (avcodec_open2(c,codec,NULL)<0) // Failed to open codec.
-	throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to open codec for file '%s'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              filename);
-
-      tmp_pict = avcodec_alloc_frame();
-      if (!tmp_pict) { // Failed to allocate memory for tmp_pict frame.
-        avcodec_close(video_str->codec);
-        av_free(oc);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to allocate memory for file '%s'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              filename);
-      }
-      tmp_pict->linesize[0] = (src_pxl_fmt==PIX_FMT_RGB24)?3*frame_dimx:frame_dimx;
-      //      tmp_pict->type = FF_BUFFER_TYPE_USER;
-      int tmp_size = avpicture_get_size(src_pxl_fmt,frame_dimx,frame_dimy);
-      uint8_t *tmp_buffer = (uint8_t*)av_malloc(tmp_size);
-      if (!tmp_buffer) { // Failed to allocate memory for tmp buffer.
-        av_free(tmp_pict);
-        avcodec_close(video_str->codec);
-        av_free(oc);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to allocate memory for file '%s'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              filename);
-      }
-
-      // Associate buffer with tmp_pict.
-      avpicture_fill((AVPicture*)tmp_pict,tmp_buffer,src_pxl_fmt,frame_dimx,frame_dimy);
-      picture = avcodec_alloc_frame();
-      if (!picture) { // Failed to allocate picture frame.
-        av_free(tmp_pict->data[0]);
-        av_free(tmp_pict);
-        avcodec_close(video_str->codec);
-        av_free(oc);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to allocate memory for file '%s'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              filename);
-      }
-
-      int size = avpicture_get_size(c->pix_fmt,frame_dimx,frame_dimy);
-      uint8_t *buffer = (uint8_t*)av_malloc(size);
-      if (!buffer) { // Failed to allocate picture frame buffer.
-        av_free(picture);
-        av_free(tmp_pict->data[0]);
-        av_free(tmp_pict);
-        avcodec_close(video_str->codec);
-        av_free(oc);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to allocate memory for file '%s'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              filename);
-      }
-
-      // Associate the buffer with picture.
-      avpicture_fill((AVPicture*)picture,buffer,c->pix_fmt,frame_dimx,frame_dimy);
-
-      // Open file.
-      if (!(fmt->flags&AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
-	if (avio_open(&oc->pb,filename,AVIO_FLAG_WRITE)<0)
-          throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                                "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to open file '%s'.",
-                                cimglist_instance,
-                                filename);
-      }
-
-      if (avformat_write_header(oc,NULL)<0)
-	throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to write header in file '%s'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              filename);
-
-      SwsContext *img_convert_context = 0;
-      img_convert_context = sws_getContext(frame_dimx,frame_dimy,src_pxl_fmt,
-                                           c->width,c->height,c->pix_fmt,sws_flags,0,0,0);
-      if (!img_convert_context) { // Failed to get swscale context.
-        // if (!(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) url_fclose(&oc->pb);
-        av_free(picture->data);
-        av_free(picture);
-        av_free(tmp_pict->data[0]);
-        av_free(tmp_pict);
-        avcodec_close(video_str->codec);
-        av_free(oc);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to get conversion context for file '%s'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              filename);
-      }
-      int ret = 0, out_size;
-      uint8_t *video_outbuf = 0;
-      int video_outbuf_size = 1000000;
-      video_outbuf = (uint8_t*)av_malloc(video_outbuf_size);
-      if (!video_outbuf) {
-	// if (!(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) url_fclose(&oc->pb);
-	av_free(picture->data);
-        av_free(picture);
-        av_free(tmp_pict->data[0]);
-        av_free(tmp_pict);
-        avcodec_close(video_str->codec);
-        av_free(oc);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to allocate memory, for file '%s'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              filename);
-      }
-
-      // Loop through each desired image in list.
-      cimglist_for(*this,i) {
-        CImg<uint8_t> currentIm = _data[i], red, green, blue, gray;
-        if (src_pxl_fmt==PIX_FMT_RGB24) {
-          red = currentIm.get_shared_channel(0);
-          green = currentIm.get_shared_channel(1);
-          blue = currentIm.get_shared_channel(2);
-          cimg_forXY(currentIm,X,Y) { // Assign pizel values to data buffer in interlaced RGBRGB ... format.
-            tmp_pict->data[0][Y*tmp_pict->linesize[0] + 3*X] = red(X,Y);
-            tmp_pict->data[0][Y*tmp_pict->linesize[0] + 3*X + 1] = green(X,Y);
-            tmp_pict->data[0][Y*tmp_pict->linesize[0] + 3*X + 2] = blue(X,Y);
-          }
-        } else {
-          gray = currentIm.get_shared_channel(0);
-          cimg_forXY(currentIm,X,Y) tmp_pict->data[0][Y*tmp_pict->linesize[0] + X] = gray(X,Y);
-        }
-        if (!video_str) break;
-        if (sws_scale(img_convert_context,tmp_pict->data,tmp_pict->linesize,0,
-                      c->height,picture->data,picture->linesize)<0) break;
-
-        AVPacket pkt;
-        int got_packet;
-        av_init_packet(&pkt);
-        out_size = avcodec_encode_video2(c,&pkt,picture,&got_packet);
-        if (got_packet) {
-          pkt.pts = av_rescale_q(c->coded_frame->pts,c->time_base,video_str->time_base);
-          if (c->coded_frame->key_frame) pkt.flags|=AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;
-          pkt.stream_index = video_str->index;
-          pkt.data = video_outbuf;
-          pkt.size = out_size;
-          ret = av_write_frame(oc,&pkt);
-        } else if (out_size<0) break;
-        if (ret) break; // Error occured in writing frame.
-      }
-
-      // Close codec.
-      if (video_str) {
-	avcodec_close(video_str->codec);
-        av_free(picture->data[0]);
-        av_free(picture);
-        av_free(tmp_pict->data[0]);
-        av_free(tmp_pict);
-      }
-      if (av_write_trailer(oc)<0)
-	throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to write trailer for file '%s'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              filename);
-
-      av_freep(&oc->streams[0]->codec);
-      av_freep(&oc->streams[0]);
-      if (!(fmt->flags&AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
-        /*if (url_fclose(oc->pb)<0)
-          throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                                "save_ffmpeg(): File '%s', failed to close file.",
-                                cimglist_instance,
-                                filename);
-        */
-      }
-      av_free(oc);
-      av_free(video_outbuf);
-      return *this;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    const CImgList<T>& _save_yuv(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename, const bool is_rgb) const {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "save_yuv(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
-      if ((*this)[0].width()%2 || (*this)[0].height()%2)
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "save_yuv(): Invalid odd instance dimensions (%u,%u) for file '%s'.",
-                                    cimglist_instance,
-                                    (*this)[0].width(),(*this)[0].height(),
-                                    filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-        CImg<ucharT> YCbCr((*this)[l]);
-        if (is_rgb) YCbCr.RGBtoYCbCr();
-        cimg::fwrite(YCbCr._data,(unsigned long)YCbCr._width*YCbCr._height,nfile);
-        cimg::fwrite(YCbCr.get_resize(YCbCr._width/2, YCbCr._height/2,1,3,3).data(0,0,0,1),
-                     (unsigned long)YCbCr._width*YCbCr._height/2,nfile);
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save list as a YUV image sequence file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename to write data to.
-      \param is_rgb Tells if the RGB to YUV conversion must be done for saving.
-    **/
-    const CImgList<T>& save_yuv(const char *const filename=0, const bool is_rgb=true) const {
-      return _save_yuv(0,filename,is_rgb);
-    }
-
-    //! Save image sequence into a YUV file.
-    /**
-      \param file File to write data to.
-      \param is_rgb Tells if the RGB to YUV conversion must be done for saving.
-    **/
-    const CImgList<T>& save_yuv(std::FILE *const file, const bool is_rgb=true) const {
-      return _save_yuv(file,0,is_rgb);
-    }
-
-    const CImgList<T>& _save_cimg(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename, const bool is_compressed) const {
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "save_cimg(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-#ifndef cimg_use_zlib
-      if (is_compressed)
-        cimg::warn(_cimglist_instance
-                   "save_cimg(): Unable to save compressed data in file '%s' unless zlib is enabled, "
-                   "saving them uncompressed.",
-                   cimglist_instance,
-                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-#endif
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
-      const char *const ptype = pixel_type(), *const etype = cimg::endianness()?"big":"little";
-      if (std::strstr(ptype,"unsigned")==ptype) std::fprintf(nfile,"%u unsigned_%s %s_endian\n",_width,ptype+9,etype);
-      else std::fprintf(nfile,"%u %s %s_endian\n",_width,ptype,etype);
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-        const CImg<T>& img = _data[l];
-        std::fprintf(nfile,"%u %u %u %u",img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum);
-        if (img._data) {
-          CImg<T> tmp;
-          if (cimg::endianness()) { tmp = img; cimg::invert_endianness(tmp._data,tmp.size()); }
-          const CImg<T>& ref = cimg::endianness()?tmp:img;
-          bool failed_to_compress = true;
-          if (is_compressed) {
-#ifdef cimg_use_zlib
-            const unsigned long siz = sizeof(T)*ref.size();
-            unsigned long csiz = siz + siz/100 + 16;
-            Bytef *const cbuf = new Bytef[csiz];
-            if (compress(cbuf,&csiz,(Bytef*)ref._data,siz))
-              cimg::warn(_cimglist_instance
-                         "save_cimg(): Failed to save compressed data for file '%s', saving them uncompressed.",
-                         cimglist_instance,
-                         filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-            else {
-              std::fprintf(nfile," #%lu\n",csiz);
-              cimg::fwrite(cbuf,csiz,nfile);
-              delete[] cbuf;
-              failed_to_compress = false;
-            }
-#endif
-          }
-          if (failed_to_compress) { // Write in a non-compressed way.
-            std::fputc('\n',nfile);
-            cimg::fwrite(ref._data,ref.size(),nfile);
-          }
-        } else std::fputc('\n',nfile);
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save list into a .cimg file.
-    /**
-       \param filename Filename to write data to.
-       \param is_compressed Tells if data compression must be enabled.
-    **/
-    const CImgList<T>& save_cimg(const char *const filename, const bool is_compressed=false) const {
-      return _save_cimg(0,filename,is_compressed);
-    }
-
-    //! Save list into a .cimg file.
-    /**
-       \param file File to write data to.
-       \param is_compressed Tells if data compression must be enabled.
-    **/
-    const CImgList<T>& save_cimg(std::FILE *file, const bool is_compressed=false) const {
-      return _save_cimg(file,0,is_compressed);
-    }
-
-    const CImgList<T>& _save_cimg(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename,
-                                 const unsigned int n0,
-                                 const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
-                                 const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0) const {
-#define _cimg_save_cimg_case(Ts,Tss) \
-      if (!saved && !cimg::strcasecmp(Ts,str_pixeltype)) { \
-        for (unsigned int l = 0; l<lmax; ++l) { \
-          j = 0; while((i=std::fgetc(nfile))!='\n') tmp[j++]=(char)i; tmp[j] = 0; \
-          W = H = D = C = 0; \
-          if (std::sscanf(tmp,"%u %u %u %u",&W,&H,&D,&C)!=4) \
-            throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance \
-                                  "save_cimg(): Invalid size (%u,%u,%u,%u) of image[%u], for file '%s'.", \
-                                  cimglist_instance, \
-                                  W,H,D,C,l,filename?filename:"(FILE*)"); \
-          if (W*H*D*C>0) { \
-            if (l<n0 || x0>=W || y0>=H || z0>=D || c0>=D) std::fseek(nfile,W*H*D*C*sizeof(Tss),SEEK_CUR); \
-            else { \
-              const CImg<T>& img = (*this)[l - n0]; \
-              const T *ptrs = img._data; \
-              const unsigned int \
-                x1 = x0 + img._width - 1, \
-                y1 = y0 + img._height - 1, \
-                z1 = z0 + img._depth - 1, \
-                c1 = c0 + img._spectrum - 1, \
-                nx1 = x1>=W?W-1:x1, \
-                ny1 = y1>=H?H-1:y1, \
-                nz1 = z1>=D?D-1:z1, \
-                nc1 = c1>=C?C-1:c1; \
-              CImg<Tss> raw(1+nx1-x0); \
-              const unsigned int skipvb = c0*W*H*D*sizeof(Tss); \
-              if (skipvb) std::fseek(nfile,skipvb,SEEK_CUR); \
-              for (unsigned int v = 1 + nc1 - c0; v; --v) { \
-                const unsigned int skipzb = z0*W*H*sizeof(Tss); \
-                if (skipzb) std::fseek(nfile,skipzb,SEEK_CUR); \
-                for (unsigned int z = 1 + nz1 - z0; z; --z) { \
-                  const unsigned int skipyb = y0*W*sizeof(Tss); \
-                  if (skipyb) std::fseek(nfile,skipyb,SEEK_CUR); \
-                  for (unsigned int y = 1 + ny1 - y0; y; --y) { \
-                    const unsigned int skipxb = x0*sizeof(Tss); \
-                    if (skipxb) std::fseek(nfile,skipxb,SEEK_CUR); \
-                    raw.assign(ptrs, raw._width); \
-                    ptrs+=img._width; \
-                    if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(raw._data,raw._width); \
-                    cimg::fwrite(raw._data,raw._width,nfile); \
-                    const unsigned int skipxe = (W - 1 - nx1)*sizeof(Tss); \
-                    if (skipxe) std::fseek(nfile,skipxe,SEEK_CUR); \
-                  } \
-                  const unsigned int skipye = (H - 1 - ny1)*W*sizeof(Tss); \
-                  if (skipye) std::fseek(nfile,skipye,SEEK_CUR); \
-                } \
-                const unsigned int skipze = (D - 1 - nz1)*W*H*sizeof(Tss); \
-                if (skipze) std::fseek(nfile,skipze,SEEK_CUR); \
-              } \
-              const unsigned int skipve = (C - 1 - nc1)*W*H*D*sizeof(Tss); \
-              if (skipve) std::fseek(nfile,skipve,SEEK_CUR); \
-            } \
-          } \
-        } \
-        saved = true; \
-      }
-
-      if (!file && !filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "save_cimg(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-      if (is_empty())
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "save_cimg(): Empty instance, for file '%s'.",
-                                    cimglist_instance,
-                                    filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb+");
-      bool saved = false, endian = cimg::endianness();
-      char tmp[256] = { 0 }, str_pixeltype[256] = { 0 }, str_endian[256] = { 0 };
-      unsigned int j, err, N, W, H, D, C;
-      int i;
-      j = 0; while((i=std::fgetc(nfile))!='\n' && i!=EOF && j<256) tmp[j++] = (char)i; tmp[j] = 0;
-      err = std::sscanf(tmp,"%u%*c%255[A-Za-z_]%*c%255[sA-Za-z_ ]",&N,str_pixeltype,str_endian);
-      if (err<2) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "save_cimg(): CImg header not found in file '%s'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
-      }
-      if (!cimg::strncasecmp("little",str_endian,6)) endian = false;
-      else if (!cimg::strncasecmp("big",str_endian,3)) endian = true;
-      const unsigned int lmax = cimg::min(N,n0+_width);
-      _cimg_save_cimg_case("bool",bool);
-      _cimg_save_cimg_case("unsigned_char",unsigned char);
-      _cimg_save_cimg_case("uchar",unsigned char);
-      _cimg_save_cimg_case("char",char);
-      _cimg_save_cimg_case("unsigned_short",unsigned short);
-      _cimg_save_cimg_case("ushort",unsigned short);
-      _cimg_save_cimg_case("short",short);
-      _cimg_save_cimg_case("unsigned_int",unsigned int);
-      _cimg_save_cimg_case("uint",unsigned int);
-      _cimg_save_cimg_case("int",int);
-      _cimg_save_cimg_case("unsigned_long",unsigned long);
-      _cimg_save_cimg_case("ulong",unsigned long);
-      _cimg_save_cimg_case("long",long);
-      _cimg_save_cimg_case("float",float);
-      _cimg_save_cimg_case("double",double);
-      if (!saved) {
-        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "save_cimg(): Unsupported data type '%s' for file '%s'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)",str_pixeltype);
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Insert the image instance into into an existing .cimg file, at specified coordinates.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename to write data to.
-      \param n0 Starting index of images to write.
-      \param x0 Starting X-coordinates of image regions to write.
-      \param y0 Starting Y-coordinates of image regions to write.
-      \param z0 Starting Z-coordinates of image regions to write.
-      \param c0 Starting C-coordinates of image regions to write.
-    **/
-    const CImgList<T>& save_cimg(const char *const filename,
-                                 const unsigned int n0,
-                                 const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
-                                 const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0) const {
-      return _save_cimg(0,filename,n0,x0,y0,z0,c0);
-    }
-
-    //! Insert the image instance into into an existing .cimg file, at specified coordinates.
-    /**
-      \param file File to write data to.
-      \param n0 Starting index of images to write.
-      \param x0 Starting X-coordinates of image regions to write.
-      \param y0 Starting Y-coordinates of image regions to write.
-      \param z0 Starting Z-coordinates of image regions to write.
-      \param c0 Starting C-coordinates of image regions to write.
-    **/
-    const CImgList<T>& save_cimg(std::FILE *const file,
-                                 const unsigned int n0,
-                                 const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
-                                 const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0) const {
-      return _save_cimg(file,0,n0,x0,y0,z0,c0);
-    }
-
-    static void _save_empty_cimg(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename,
-                                const unsigned int nb,
-                                const unsigned int dx, const unsigned int dy,
-                                const unsigned int dz, const unsigned int dc) {
-      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
-      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)dx*dy*dz*dc*sizeof(T);
-      std::fprintf(nfile,"%u %s\n",nb,pixel_type());
-      for (unsigned int i=nb; i; --i) {
-        std::fprintf(nfile,"%u %u %u %u\n",dx,dy,dz,dc);
-	for (unsigned long off=siz; off; --off) std::fputc(0,nfile);
-      }
-      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
-    }
-
-    //! Save empty (non-compressed) .cimg file with specified dimensions.
-    /**
-        \param filename Filename to write data to.
-        \param nb Number of images to write.
-        \param dx Width of images in the written file.
-        \param dy Height of images in the written file.
-        \param dz Depth of images in the written file.
-        \param dc Spectrum of images in the written file.
-    **/
-    static void save_empty_cimg(const char *const filename,
-                                const unsigned int nb,
-                                const unsigned int dx, const unsigned int dy=1,
-                                const unsigned int dz=1, const unsigned int dc=1) {
-      return _save_empty_cimg(0,filename,nb,dx,dy,dz,dc);
-    }
-
-    //! Save empty .cimg file with specified dimensions.
-    /**
-        \param file File to write data to.
-        \param nb Number of images to write.
-        \param dx Width of images in the written file.
-        \param dy Height of images in the written file.
-        \param dz Depth of images in the written file.
-        \param dc Spectrum of images in the written file.
-    **/
-    static void save_empty_cimg(std::FILE *const file,
-                                const unsigned int nb,
-                                const unsigned int dx, const unsigned int dy=1,
-                                const unsigned int dz=1, const unsigned int dc=1) {
-      return _save_empty_cimg(file,0,nb,dx,dy,dz,dc);
-    }
-
-    //! Save list as a TIFF file.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename to write data to.
-      \param compression_type Compression mode used to write data.
-    **/
-    const CImgList<T>& save_tiff(const char *const filename, const unsigned int compression_type=0,
-                                 const float *const voxel_size=0) const {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "save_tiff(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
-
-#ifndef cimg_use_tiff
-      if (_width==1) _data[0].save_tiff(filename,compression_type,voxel_size);
-      else cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-          char nfilename[1024] = { 0 };
-          cimg::number_filename(filename,l,6,nfilename);
-          _data[l].save_tiff(nfilename,compression_type,voxel_size);
-        }
-#else
-      TIFF *tif = TIFFOpen(filename,"w");
-      if (tif) {
-        for (unsigned int dir = 0, l = 0; l<_width; ++l) {
-          const CImg<T>& img = (*this)[l];
-          if (img) {
-            if (img._depth==1) img._save_tiff(tif,dir++,compression_type,voxel_size);
-            else cimg_forZ(img,z) img.get_slice(z)._save_tiff(tif,dir++,compression_type,voxel_size);
-          }
-        }
-        TIFFClose(tif);
-      } else
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "save_tiff(): Failed to open stream for file '%s'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              filename);
-#endif
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-
-    //! Save list as a gzipped file, using external tool 'gzip'.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename to write data to.
-    **/
-    const CImgList<T>& save_gzip_external(const char *const filename) const {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "save_gzip_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                              cimglist_instance);
-
-      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 }, body[512] = { 0 };
-      const char
-        *ext = cimg::split_filename(filename,body),
-        *ext2 = cimg::split_filename(body,0);
-      std::FILE *file;
-      do {
-        if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"gz")) {
-          if (*ext2) cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.%s",
-                                   cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand(),ext2);
-          else cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.cimg",
-                             cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
-        } else {
-          if (*ext) cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.%s",
-                                  cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand(),ext);
-          else cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.cimg",
-                             cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
-        }
-        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-      } while (file);
-
-      if (is_saveable(body)) {
-        save(filetmp);
-        cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -c \"%s\" > \"%s\"",
-                      cimg::gzip_path(),
-                      CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data(),
-                      CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data());
-        cimg::system(command);
-        file = std::fopen(filename,"rb");
-        if (!file)
-          throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                                "save_gzip_external(): Failed to save file '%s' with external command 'gzip'.",
-                                cimglist_instance,
-                                filename);
-        else cimg::fclose(file);
-        std::remove(filetmp);
-      } else {
-        char nfilename[1024] = { 0 };
-        cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-          cimg::number_filename(body,l,6,nfilename);
-          if (*ext) std::sprintf(nfilename + std::strlen(nfilename),".%s",ext);
-          _data[l].save_gzip_external(nfilename);
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Save image sequence, using the external tool 'ffmpeg'.
-    /**
-      \param filename Filename to write data to.
-      \param codec Type of compression.
-      \param fps Number of frames per second.
-      \param bitrate Output bitrate
-    **/
-    const CImgList<T>& save_ffmpeg_external(const char *const filename, const char *const codec=0,
-                                            const unsigned int fps=25, const unsigned int bitrate=2048) const {
-      if (!filename)
-        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "save_ffmpeg_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
-                                    cimglist_instance);
-      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
-
-      const char
-        *const ext = cimg::split_filename(filename),
-        *const _codec = codec?codec:!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"flv")?"flv":"mpeg2video";
-
-      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 }, filetmp2[512] = { 0 };
-      CImgList<charT> filenames;
-      std::FILE *file = 0;
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) if (!_data[l].is_sameXYZ(_data[0]))
-        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
-                                    "save_ffmpeg_external(): Invalid instance dimensions for file '%s'.",
-                                    cimglist_instance,
-                                    filename);
-      do {
-        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s",cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
-        cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s_000001.ppm",filetmp);
-        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp2,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
-      } while (file);
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-        cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s_%.6u.ppm",filetmp,l+1);
-        CImg<charT>::string(filetmp2).move_to(filenames);
-        if (_data[l]._depth>1 || _data[l]._spectrum!=3) _data[l].get_resize(-100,-100,1,3).save_pnm(filetmp2);
-        else _data[l].save_pnm(filetmp2);
-      }
-#if cimg_OS!=2
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -i \"%s_%%6d.ppm\" -vcodec %s -b %uk -r %u -y \"%s\" >/dev/null 2>&1",
-                    cimg::ffmpeg_path(),
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data(),
-                    _codec,bitrate,fps,
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data());
-#else
-      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"\"%s -i \"%s_%%6d.ppm\" -vcodec %s -b %uk -r %u -y \"%s\"\" >NUL 2>&1",
-                    cimg::ffmpeg_path(),
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data(),
-                    _codec,bitrate,fps,
-                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data());
-#endif
-      cimg::system(command);
-      file = std::fopen(filename,"rb");
-      if (!file)
-        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
-                              "save_ffmpeg_external(): Failed to save file '%s' with external command 'ffmpeg'.",
-                              cimglist_instance,
-                              filename);
-      else cimg::fclose(file);
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) std::remove(filenames[l]);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //@}
-    //----------------------------------
-    //
-    //! \name Others
-    //@{
-    //----------------------------------
-
-    //! Crop font along the X-axis.
-    /**
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& crop_font() {
-      return get_crop_font().move_to(*this);
-    }
-
-    //! Crop font along the X-axis \newinstance.
-    /**
-    **/
-    CImgList<T> get_crop_font() const {
-      CImgList<T> res;
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-        const CImg<T>& letter = (*this)[l];
-        int xmin = letter._width, xmax = 0;
-        cimg_forXY(letter,x,y) if (letter(x,y)) { if (x<xmin) xmin = x; if (x>xmax) xmax = x; }
-        if (xmin>xmax) CImg<T>(letter._width,letter._height,1,letter._spectrum,0).move_to(res);
-        else letter.get_crop(xmin,0,xmax,letter._height-1).move_to(res);
-      }
-      res[' '].resize(res['f']._width,-100,-100,-100,0);
-      if (' '+256<res.size()) res[' '+256].resize(res['f']._width,-100,-100,-100,0);
-      return res;
-    }
-
-    //! Return a CImg pre-defined font with desired size.
-    /**
-       \param font_height Height of the desired font (exact match for 13,23,53,103).
-       \param is_variable_width Decide if the font has a variable (\c true) or fixed (\c false) width.
-    **/
-    static const CImgList<ucharT>& font(const unsigned int font_height, const bool is_variable_width=true) {
-      if (!font_height) return CImgList<ucharT>::empty();
-      cimg::mutex(11);
-
-      // Decompress nearest base font data if needed.
-      const char *data_fonts[] = { cimg::data_font12x13, cimg::data_font20x23, cimg::data_font47x53, 0 };
-      const unsigned int data_widths[] = { 12,20,47,90 }, data_heights[] = { 13,23,53,103 },
-        data_Ms[] = { 86,79,57,47 };
-      const unsigned int data_ind = font_height<=13?0:font_height<=23?1:font_height<=53?2:3;
-      static CImg<ucharT> base_fonts[4];
-      CImg<ucharT> &base_font = base_fonts[data_ind];
-      if (!base_font) {
-        const unsigned int w = data_widths[data_ind], h = data_heights[data_ind], M = data_Ms[data_ind];
-        base_font.assign(256*w,h);
-        const char *data_font = data_fonts[data_ind];
-        unsigned char *ptrd = base_font;
-        const unsigned char *const ptrde = base_font.end();
-
-        // Special case needed for 90x103 to avoid MS compiler limit with big strings.
-        CImg<char> data90x103;
-        if (!data_font) {
-          ((CImg<char>(cimg::_data_font90x103[0],
-                       (unsigned int)std::strlen(cimg::_data_font90x103[0]),1,1,1,true),
-            CImg<char>(cimg::_data_font90x103[1],
-                       (unsigned int)std::strlen(cimg::_data_font90x103[1])+1,1,1,1,true))>'x').
-            move_to(data90x103);
-          data_font = data90x103.data();
-        }
-
-        // Uncompress font data (decode RLE).
-        for (const char *ptrs = data_font; *ptrs; ++ptrs) {
-          const int c = *ptrs-M-32, v = c>=0?255:0, n = c>=0?c:-c;
-          if (ptrd+n<=ptrde) { std::memset(ptrd,v,n); ptrd+=n; }
-          else { std::memset(ptrd,v,ptrde-ptrd); break; }
-        }
-      }
-
-      // Find optimal font cache location to return.
-      static CImgList<ucharT> fonts[16];
-      static bool is_variable_widths[16] = { 0 };
-      unsigned int ind = ~0U;
-      for (int i = 0; i<16; ++i)
-        if (!fonts[i] || (is_variable_widths[i]==is_variable_width && font_height==fonts[i][0]._height)) {
-          ind = i; break; // Found empty slot or cached font.
-        }
-      if (ind==~0U) { // No empty slots nor existing font in cache.
-        std::memmove(fonts,fonts+1,15*sizeof(CImgList<ucharT>));
-        std::memmove(is_variable_widths,is_variable_widths+1,15*sizeof(bool));
-        std::memset(fonts+(ind=15),0,sizeof(CImgList<ucharT>));  // Free a slot in cache for new font.
-      }
-      CImgList<ucharT> &font = fonts[ind];
-
-      // Render requested font.
-      if (!font) {
-        const unsigned int padding_x = font_height<33?1:font_height<53?2:font_height<103?3:4;
-        is_variable_widths[ind] = is_variable_width;
-        font = base_font.get_split('x',256);
-        if (font_height!=font[0]._height)
-          cimglist_for(font,l)
-            font[l].resize(cimg::max(1U,font[l]._width*font_height/font[l]._height),font_height,-100,-100,
-                           font[0]._height>font_height?2:5);
-        if (is_variable_width) font.crop_font();
-        cimglist_for(font,l) font[l].resize(font[l]._width + padding_x,-100,1,1,0,0,0.5);
-        font.insert(256,0);
-        cimglist_for_in(font,0,255,l) font[l].assign(font[l+256]._width,font[l+256]._height,1,3,1);
-      }
-      cimg::mutex(11,0);
-      return font;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute a 1d Fast Fourier Transform, along specified axis.
-    /**
-       \param axis Axis along which the Fourier transform is computed.
-       \param invert Tells if the direct (\c false) or inverse transform (\c true) is computed.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& FFT(const char axis, const bool invert=false) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (_width==1) insert(1);
-      if (_width>2)
-        cimg::warn(_cimglist_instance
-                   "FFT(): Instance has more than 2 images",
-                   cimglist_instance);
-
-      CImg<T>::FFT(_data[0],_data[1],axis,invert);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute a 1-D Fast Fourier Transform, along specified axis \newinstance.
-    CImgList<Tfloat> get_FFT(const char axis, const bool invert=false) const {
-      return CImgList<Tfloat>(*this,false).FFT(axis,invert);
-    }
-
-    //! Compute a n-d Fast Fourier Transform.
-    /**
-      \param invert Tells if the direct (\c false) or inverse transform (\c true) is computed.
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& FFT(const bool invert=false) {
-      if (is_empty()) return *this;
-      if (_width==1) insert(1);
-      if (_width>2)
-        cimg::warn(_cimglist_instance
-                   "FFT(): Instance has more than 2 images",
-                   cimglist_instance);
-
-      CImg<T>::FFT(_data[0],_data[1],invert);
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Compute a n-d Fast Fourier Transform \newinstance.
-    CImgList<Tfloat> get_FFT(const bool invert=false) const {
-      return CImgList<Tfloat>(*this,false).FFT(invert);
-    }
-
-    //! Reverse primitives orientations of a 3d object.
-    /**
-    **/
-    CImgList<T>& reverse_object3d() {
-      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
-        CImg<T>& p = _data[l];
-        switch (p.size()) {
-        case 2: case 3: cimg::swap(p[0],p[1]); break;
-        case 6: cimg::swap(p[0],p[1],p[2],p[4],p[3],p[5]); break;
-        case 9: cimg::swap(p[0],p[1],p[3],p[5],p[4],p[6]); break;
-        case 4: cimg::swap(p[0],p[1],p[2],p[3]); break;
-        case 12: cimg::swap(p[0],p[1],p[2],p[3],p[4],p[6],p[5],p[7],p[8],p[10],p[9],p[11]); break;
-        }
-      }
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    //! Reverse primitives orientations of a 3d object \newinstance.
-    CImgList<T> get_reverse_object3d() const {
-      return (+*this).reverse_object3d();
-    }
-
-    //@}
-  }; // struct CImgList<T> { ...
-
-  /*
-  #---------------------------------------------
-  #
-   # Completion of previously declared functions
-   #
-   #----------------------------------------------
-  */
-
-namespace cimg {
-
-    // Implement a tic/toc mechanism to display elapsed time of algorithms.
-    inline unsigned long tictoc(const bool is_tic) {
-      cimg::mutex(2);
-      static CImg<unsigned long> times(64);
-      static unsigned int pos = 0;
-      const unsigned long t1 = cimg::time();
-      if (is_tic) { // Tic.
-        times[pos++] = t1;
-        if (pos>=times._width)
-          throw CImgArgumentException("cimg::tic(): Too much calls to 'cimg::tic()' without calls to 'cimg::toc()'.");
-        cimg::mutex(2,0);
-        return t1;
-      }
-      // Toc.
-      if (!pos)
-        throw CImgArgumentException("cimg::toc(): No previous call to 'cimg::tic()' has been made.");
-      const unsigned long
-        t0 = times[--pos],
-        dt = t1>=t0?(t1-t0):cimg::type<unsigned long>::max();
-      const unsigned int
-        edays = (unsigned int)(dt/86400000.0),
-        ehours = (unsigned int)((dt - edays*86400000.0)/3600000.0),
-        emin = (unsigned int)((dt - edays*86400000.0 - ehours*3600000.0)/60000.0),
-        esec = (unsigned int)((dt - edays*86400000.0 - ehours*3600000.0 - emin*60000.0)/1000.0),
-        ems = (unsigned int)(dt - edays*86400000.0 - ehours*3600000.0 - emin*60000.0 - esec*1000.0);
-      if (!edays && !ehours && !emin && !esec)
-        std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"%s[CImg]%*sElapsed time: %u ms%s\n",
-                     cimg::t_red,1+2*pos,"",ems,cimg::t_normal);
-      else {
-        if (!edays && !ehours && !emin)
-          std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"%s[CImg]%*sElapsed time: %u sec %u ms%s\n",
-                       cimg::t_red,1+2*pos,"",esec,ems,cimg::t_normal);
-        else {
-          if (!edays && !ehours)
-            std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"%s[CImg]%*sElapsed time: %u min %u sec %u ms%s\n",
-                         cimg::t_red,1+2*pos,"",emin,esec,ems,cimg::t_normal);
-          else{
-            if (!edays)
-              std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"%s[CImg]%*sElapsed time: %u hours %u min %u sec %u ms%s\n",
-                           cimg::t_red,1+2*pos,"",ehours,emin,esec,ems,cimg::t_normal);
-            else{
-              std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"%s[CImg]%*sElapsed time: %u days %u hours %u min %u sec %u ms%s\n",
-                           cimg::t_red,1+2*pos,"",edays,ehours,emin,esec,ems,cimg::t_normal);
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      cimg::mutex(2,0);
-      return dt;
-    }
-
-  //! Display a simple dialog box, and wait for the user's response.
-  /**
-     \param title Title of the dialog window.
-     \param msg Main message displayed inside the dialog window.
-     \param button1_label Label of the 1st button.
-     \param button2_label Label of the 2nd button (\c 0 to hide button).
-     \param button3_label Label of the 3rd button (\c 0 to hide button).
-     \param button4_label Label of the 4th button (\c 0 to hide button).
-     \param button5_label Label of the 5th button (\c 0 to hide button).
-     \param button6_label Label of the 6th button (\c 0 to hide button).
-     \param logo Image logo displayed at the left of the main message.
-     \param is_centered Tells if the dialog window must be centered on the screen.
-     \return Indice of clicked button (from \c 0 to \c 5), or \c -1 if the dialog window has been closed by the user.
-     \note
-     - Up to 6 buttons can be defined in the dialog window.
-     - The function returns when a user clicked one of the button or closed the dialog window.
-     - If a button text is set to 0, the corresponding button (and the followings) will not appear in the dialog box.
-       At least one button must be specified.
-  **/
-  template<typename t>
-  inline int dialog(const char *const title, const char *const msg,
-                    const char *const button1_label, const char *const button2_label,
-                    const char *const button3_label, const char *const button4_label,
-                    const char *const button5_label, const char *const button6_label,
-                    const CImg<t>& logo, const bool is_centered = false) {
-#if cimg_display==0
-    cimg::unused(title,msg,button1_label,button2_label,button3_label,button4_label,button5_label,button6_label,
-                 logo._data,is_centered);
-    throw CImgIOException("cimg::dialog(): No display available.");
-#else
-    const unsigned char
-      black[] = { 0,0,0 }, white[] = { 255,255,255 }, gray[] = { 200,200,200 }, gray2[] = { 150,150,150 };
-
-    // Create buttons and canvas graphics
-    CImgList<unsigned char> buttons, cbuttons, sbuttons;
-    if (button1_label) { CImg<unsigned char>().draw_text(0,0,button1_label,black,gray,1,13).move_to(buttons);
-      if (button2_label) { CImg<unsigned char>().draw_text(0,0,button2_label,black,gray,1,13).move_to(buttons);
-        if (button3_label) { CImg<unsigned char>().draw_text(0,0,button3_label,black,gray,1,13).move_to(buttons);
-          if (button4_label) { CImg<unsigned char>().draw_text(0,0,button4_label,black,gray,1,13).move_to(buttons);
-            if (button5_label) { CImg<unsigned char>().draw_text(0,0,button5_label,black,gray,1,13).move_to(buttons);
-              if (button6_label) { CImg<unsigned char>().draw_text(0,0,button6_label,black,gray,1,13).move_to(buttons);
-              }}}}}}
-    if (!buttons._width)
-      throw CImgArgumentException("cimg::dialog(): No buttons have been defined.");
-    cimglist_for(buttons,l) buttons[l].resize(-100,-100,1,3);
-
-    unsigned int bw = 0, bh = 0;
-    cimglist_for(buttons,l) { bw = cimg::max(bw,buttons[l]._width); bh = cimg::max(bh,buttons[l]._height); }
-    bw+=8; bh+=8;
-    if (bw<64) bw = 64;
-    if (bw>128) bw = 128;
-    if (bh<24) bh = 24;
-    if (bh>48) bh = 48;
-
-    CImg<unsigned char> button(bw,bh,1,3);
-    button.draw_rectangle(0,0,bw-1,bh-1,gray);
-    button.draw_line(0,0,bw-1,0,white).draw_line(0,bh-1,0,0,white);
-    button.draw_line(bw-1,0,bw-1,bh-1,black).draw_line(bw-1,bh-1,0,bh-1,black);
-    button.draw_line(1,bh-2,bw-2,bh-2,gray2).draw_line(bw-2,bh-2,bw-2,1,gray2);
-    CImg<unsigned char> sbutton(bw,bh,1,3);
-    sbutton.draw_rectangle(0,0,bw-1,bh-1,gray);
-    sbutton.draw_line(0,0,bw-1,0,black).draw_line(bw-1,0,bw-1,bh-1,black);
-    sbutton.draw_line(bw-1,bh-1,0,bh-1,black).draw_line(0,bh-1,0,0,black);
-    sbutton.draw_line(1,1,bw-2,1,white).draw_line(1,bh-2,1,1,white);
-    sbutton.draw_line(bw-2,1,bw-2,bh-2,black).draw_line(bw-2,bh-2,1,bh-2,black);
-    sbutton.draw_line(2,bh-3,bw-3,bh-3,gray2).draw_line(bw-3,bh-3,bw-3,2,gray2);
-    sbutton.draw_line(4,4,bw-5,4,black,1,0xAAAAAAAA,true).draw_line(bw-5,4,bw-5,bh-5,black,1,0xAAAAAAAA,false);
-    sbutton.draw_line(bw-5,bh-5,4,bh-5,black,1,0xAAAAAAAA,false).draw_line(4,bh-5,4,4,black,1,0xAAAAAAAA,false);
-    CImg<unsigned char> cbutton(bw,bh,1,3);
-    cbutton.draw_rectangle(0,0,bw-1,bh-1,black).draw_rectangle(1,1,bw-2,bh-2,gray2).draw_rectangle(2,2,bw-3,bh-3,gray);
-    cbutton.draw_line(4,4,bw-5,4,black,1,0xAAAAAAAA,true).draw_line(bw-5,4,bw-5,bh-5,black,1,0xAAAAAAAA,false);
-    cbutton.draw_line(bw-5,bh-5,4,bh-5,black,1,0xAAAAAAAA,false).draw_line(4,bh-5,4,4,black,1,0xAAAAAAAA,false);
-
-    cimglist_for(buttons,ll) {
-      CImg<unsigned char>(cbutton).draw_image(1+(bw-buttons[ll].width())/2,1+(bh-buttons[ll].height())/2,buttons[ll]).
-        move_to(cbuttons);
-      CImg<unsigned char>(sbutton).draw_image((bw-buttons[ll].width())/2,(bh-buttons[ll].height())/2,buttons[ll]).
-        move_to(sbuttons);
-      CImg<unsigned char>(button).draw_image((bw-buttons[ll].width())/2,(bh-buttons[ll].height())/2,buttons[ll]).
-        move_to(buttons[ll]);
-    }
-
-    CImg<unsigned char> canvas;
-    if (msg)
-      ((CImg<unsigned char>().draw_text(0,0,"%s",gray,0,1,13,msg)*=-1)+=200).resize(-100,-100,1,3).move_to(canvas);
-
-    const unsigned int
-      bwall = (buttons._width-1)*(12+bw) + bw,
-      w = cimg::max(196U,36+logo._width+canvas._width,24+bwall),
-      h = cimg::max(96U,36+canvas._height+bh,36+logo._height+bh),
-      lx = 12 + (canvas._data?0:((w-24-logo._width)/2)),
-      ly = (h-12-bh-logo._height)/2,
-      tx = lx+logo._width+12,
-      ty = (h-12-bh-canvas._height)/2,
-      bx = (w-bwall)/2,
-      by = h-12-bh;
-
-    if (canvas._data)
-      canvas = CImg<unsigned char>(w,h,1,3).
-        draw_rectangle(0,0,w-1,h-1,gray).
-        draw_line(0,0,w-1,0,white).draw_line(0,h-1,0,0,white).
-        draw_line(w-1,0,w-1,h-1,black).draw_line(w-1,h-1,0,h-1,black).
-        draw_image(tx,ty,canvas);
-    else
-      canvas = CImg<unsigned char>(w,h,1,3).
-        draw_rectangle(0,0,w-1,h-1,gray).
-        draw_line(0,0,w-1,0,white).draw_line(0,h-1,0,0,white).
-        draw_line(w-1,0,w-1,h-1,black).draw_line(w-1,h-1,0,h-1,black);
-    if (logo._data) canvas.draw_image(lx,ly,logo);
-
-    unsigned int xbuttons[6] = { 0 };
-    cimglist_for(buttons,lll) { xbuttons[lll] = bx+(bw+12)*lll; canvas.draw_image(xbuttons[lll],by,buttons[lll]); }
-
-    // Open window and enter events loop
-    CImgDisplay disp(canvas,title?title:" ",0,false,is_centered?true:false);
-    if (is_centered) disp.move((CImgDisplay::screen_width() - disp.width())/2,
-                             (CImgDisplay::screen_height() - disp.height())/2);
-    bool stop_flag = false, refresh = false;
-    int oselected = -1, oclicked = -1, selected = -1, clicked = -1;
-    while (!disp.is_closed() && !stop_flag) {
-      if (refresh) {
-        if (clicked>=0)
-          CImg<unsigned char>(canvas).draw_image(xbuttons[clicked],by,cbuttons[clicked]).display(disp);
-        else {
-          if (selected>=0)
-            CImg<unsigned char>(canvas).draw_image(xbuttons[selected],by,sbuttons[selected]).display(disp);
-          else canvas.display(disp);
-        }
-        refresh = false;
-      }
-      disp.wait(15);
-      if (disp.is_resized()) disp.resize(disp,false);
-
-      if (disp.button()&1)  {
-        oclicked = clicked;
-        clicked = -1;
-        cimglist_for(buttons,l)
-          if (disp.mouse_y()>=(int)by && disp.mouse_y()<(int)(by+bh) &&
-              disp.mouse_x()>=(int)xbuttons[l] && disp.mouse_x()<(int)(xbuttons[l]+bw)) {
-            clicked = selected = l;
-            refresh = true;
-          }
-        if (clicked!=oclicked) refresh = true;
-      } else if (clicked>=0) stop_flag = true;
-
-      if (disp.key()) {
-        oselected = selected;
-        switch (disp.key()) {
-        case cimg::keyESC : selected=-1; stop_flag = true; break;
-        case cimg::keyENTER : if (selected<0) selected = 0; stop_flag = true; break;
-        case cimg::keyTAB :
-        case cimg::keyARROWRIGHT :
-        case cimg::keyARROWDOWN : selected = (selected+1)%buttons._width; break;
-        case cimg::keyARROWLEFT :
-        case cimg::keyARROWUP : selected = (selected+buttons._width-1)%buttons._width; break;
-        }
-        disp.set_key();
-        if (selected!=oselected) refresh = true;
-      }
-    }
-    if (!disp) selected = -1;
-    return selected;
-#endif
-  }
-
-  //! Display a simple dialog box, and wait for the user's response \specialization.
-  inline int dialog(const char *const title, const char *const msg,
-                    const char *const button1_label, const char *const button2_label, const char *const button3_label,
-                    const char *const button4_label, const char *const button5_label, const char *const button6_label,
-                    const bool is_centered) {
-    return dialog(title,msg,button1_label,button2_label,button3_label,button4_label,button5_label,button6_label,
-                  CImg<unsigned char>::_logo40x38(),is_centered);
-  }
-
-  //! Evaluate math expression.
-  /**
-     \param expression C-string describing the formula to evaluate.
-     \param x Value of the pre-defined variable \c x.
-     \param y Value of the pre-defined variable \c y.
-     \param z Value of the pre-defined variable \c z.
-     \param c Value of the pre-defined variable \c c.
-     \return Result of the formula evaluation.
-     \note Set \c expression to \c 0 to keep evaluating the last specified \c expression.
-     \par Example
-     \code
-     const double
-       res1 = cimg::eval("cos(x)^2+sin(y)^2",2,2),  // will return '1'.
-       res2 = cimg::eval(0,1,1);                    // will return '1' too.
-     \endcode
-  **/
-  inline double eval(const char *const expression, const double x, const double y, const double z, const double c) {
-    static const CImg<float> empty;
-    return empty.eval(expression,x,y,z,c);
-  }
-
-  template<typename t>
-  inline CImg<typename cimg::superset<double,t>::type> eval(const char *const expression, const CImg<t>& xyzc) {
-    static const CImg<float> empty;
-    return empty.eval(expression,xyzc);
-  }
-
-  // End of cimg:: namespace
-}
-
-  // End of cimg_library:: namespace
-}
-
-//! Short alias name.
-namespace cil = cimg_library_suffixed;
-
-#ifdef _cimg_redefine_False
-#define False 0
-#endif
-#ifdef _cimg_redefine_True
-#define True 1
-#endif
-#ifdef _cimg_redefine_None
-#define None 0
-#endif
-#ifdef _cimg_redefine_min
-#define min(a,b) (((a)<(b))?(a):(b))
-#endif
-#ifdef _cimg_redefine_max
-#define max(a,b) (((a)>(b))?(a):(b))
-#endif
-#ifdef _cimg_redefine_PI
-#define PI 3.141592653589793238462643383
-#endif
-
-#endif
-// Local Variables:
-// mode: c++
-// End:
diff --git a/image/image.h b/image/image.h
deleted file mode 100644
index a6d5195..0000000
--- a/image/image.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef STIM_IMAGE_H
-#define STIM_IMAGE_H
-#define cimg_use_jpeg         //necessary for JPG files
-#include "CImg.h"
-
-#include <iostream>
-namespace stim{
-//This static class provides the STIM interface for loading images
-//	Use this interface for all image management - that way the actual library can be changed without problems
-
-//currently this interface uses CImg
-//	T = data type (usually unsigned char)
-template <class T>
-class image{
-
-	cimg_library::CImg<T> img;
-
-public:
-
-	//default constructor
-	image(){
-	}
-
-	//constructor (load an image file)
-	image(std::string filename){
-		img.load(filename.c_str());
-	}
-
-	//Load an image from a file
-	void load(std::string filename){
-		img.load(filename.c_str());
-	}
-
-	//save a file
-	void save(std::string filename){
-		img.save(filename.c_str());
-	}
-
-	//create an image from an interleaved buffer
-	void set_interleaved(T* buffer, unsigned int width, unsigned int height, unsigned int channels = 1){
-
-		unsigned char* non_interleaved = (unsigned char*)malloc(width * height * 3);
-		unsigned int S = width * height;
-
-		for(unsigned int i = 0; i < S; i++){
-			for(unsigned int c = 0; c < channels; c++){
-				non_interleaved[i + c * S] = buffer[i * channels + c];
-			}
-		}
-
-		img = cimg_library::CImg<unsigned char>(non_interleaved, width, height, 1, channels);
-	}
-
-	//fills an allocated region of memory with non-interleaved data
-	void data_noninterleaved(T* data){
-		memcpy(data, img.data(), sizeof(T) * size());
-	}
-
-	void data_interleaved(T* data){
-
-		unsigned int C = channels();
-		unsigned int X = size();
-
-		T* ptr = img.data();
-
-		//for each channel
-		for(unsigned int c = 0; c < C; c++)
-			//convert each pixel
-			for(unsigned int x = 0; x < X; x++)
-				data[x * C + c] = ptr[c * X + x];
-	}
-
-	unsigned int channels(){
-		return (unsigned int)img.spectrum();
-	}
-
-	unsigned int width(){
-		return img.width();
-	}
-
-	unsigned int height(){
-		return img.height();
-	}
-
-	//returns the size (number of values) of the image
-	unsigned long size(){
-		return img.size();
-	}
-
-	
-
-
-
-};
-
-};		//end namespace stim
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/math/bessel.h b/math/bessel.h
deleted file mode 100644
index d291deb..0000000
--- a/math/bessel.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1515 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_BESSEL_H
-#define RTS_BESSEL_H
-
-#define _USE_MATH_DEFINES
-#include <math.h>
-#include "../math/complex.h"
-#define eps 1e-15
-#define el 0.5772156649015329
-
-
-namespace stim{
-
-static complex<double> cii(0.0,1.0);
-static complex<double> cone(1.0,0.0);
-static complex<double> czero(0.0,0.0);
-
-template< typename P >
-P gamma(P x)
-{
-    int i,k,m;
-    P ga,gr,r,z;
-
-    static P g[] = {
-        1.0,
-        0.5772156649015329,
-       -0.6558780715202538,
-       -0.420026350340952e-1,
-        0.1665386113822915,
-       -0.421977345555443e-1,
-       -0.9621971527877e-2,
-        0.7218943246663e-2,
-       -0.11651675918591e-2,
-       -0.2152416741149e-3,
-        0.1280502823882e-3,
-       -0.201348547807e-4,
-       -0.12504934821e-5,
-        0.1133027232e-5,
-       -0.2056338417e-6,
-        0.6116095e-8,
-        0.50020075e-8,
-       -0.11812746e-8,
-        0.1043427e-9,
-        0.77823e-11,
-       -0.36968e-11,
-        0.51e-12,
-       -0.206e-13,
-       -0.54e-14,
-        0.14e-14};
-
-    if (x > 171.0) return 1e308;    // This value is an overflow flag.
-    if (x == (int)x) {
-        if (x > 0.0) {
-            ga = 1.0;               // use factorial
-            for (i=2;i<x;i++) {
-               ga *= i;
-            }
-         }
-         else
-            ga = 1e308;
-     }
-     else {
-        if (fabs(x) > 1.0) {
-            z = fabs(x);
-            m = (int)z;
-            r = 1.0;
-            for (k=1;k<=m;k++) {
-                r *= (z-k);
-            }
-            z -= m;
-        }
-        else
-            z = x;
-        gr = g[24];
-        for (k=23;k>=0;k--) {
-            gr = gr*z+g[k];
-        }
-        ga = 1.0/(gr*z);
-        if (fabs(x) > 1.0) {
-            ga *= r;
-            if (x < 0.0) {
-                ga = -M_PI/(x*ga*sin(M_PI*x));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return ga;
-}
-
-template<typename P>
-int bessjy01a(P x,P &j0,P &j1,P &y0,P &y1,
-    P &j0p,P &j1p,P &y0p,P &y1p)
-{
-    P x2,r,ec,w0,w1,r0,r1,cs0,cs1;
-    P cu,p0,q0,p1,q1,t1,t2;
-    int k,kz;
-    static P a[] = {
-        -7.03125e-2,
-         0.112152099609375,
-        -0.5725014209747314,
-         6.074042001273483,
-        -1.100171402692467e2,
-         3.038090510922384e3,
-        -1.188384262567832e5,
-         6.252951493434797e6,
-        -4.259392165047669e8,
-         3.646840080706556e10,
-        -3.833534661393944e12,
-         4.854014686852901e14,
-        -7.286857349377656e16,
-         1.279721941975975e19};
-    static P b[] = {
-         7.32421875e-2,
-        -0.2271080017089844,
-         1.727727502584457,
-        -2.438052969955606e1,
-         5.513358961220206e2,
-        -1.825775547429318e4,
-         8.328593040162893e5,
-        -5.006958953198893e7,
-         3.836255180230433e9,
-        -3.649010818849833e11,
-         4.218971570284096e13,
-        -5.827244631566907e15,
-         9.476288099260110e17,
-        -1.792162323051699e20};
-    static P a1[] = {
-         0.1171875,
-        -0.1441955566406250,
-         0.6765925884246826,
-        -6.883914268109947,
-         1.215978918765359e2,
-        -3.302272294480852e3,
-         1.276412726461746e5,
-        -6.656367718817688e6,
-         4.502786003050393e8,
-        -3.833857520742790e10,
-         4.011838599133198e12,
-        -5.060568503314727e14,
-         7.572616461117958e16,
-        -1.326257285320556e19};
-    static P b1[] = {
-        -0.1025390625,
-         0.2775764465332031,
-        -1.993531733751297,
-         2.724882731126854e1,
-        -6.038440767050702e2,
-         1.971837591223663e4,
-        -8.902978767070678e5,
-         5.310411010968522e7,
-        -4.043620325107754e9,
-         3.827011346598605e11,
-        -4.406481417852278e13,
-         6.065091351222699e15,
-        -9.833883876590679e17,
-         1.855045211579828e20};
-
-    if (x < 0.0) return 1;
-    if (x == 0.0) {
-        j0 = 1.0;
-        j1 = 0.0;
-        y0 = -1e308;
-        y1 = -1e308;
-        j0p = 0.0;
-        j1p = 0.5;
-        y0p = 1e308;
-        y1p = 1e308;
-        return 0;
-    }
-    x2 = x*x;
-    if (x <= 12.0) {
-        j0 = 1.0;
-        r = 1.0;
-        for (k=1;k<=30;k++) {
-            r *= -0.25*x2/(k*k);
-            j0 += r;
-            if (fabs(r) < fabs(j0)*1e-15) break;
-        }
-        j1 = 1.0;
-        r = 1.0;
-        for (k=1;k<=30;k++) {
-            r *= -0.25*x2/(k*(k+1));
-            j1 += r;
-            if (fabs(r) < fabs(j1)*1e-15) break;
-        }
-        j1 *= 0.5*x;
-        ec = log(0.5*x)+el;
-        cs0 = 0.0;
-        w0 = 0.0;
-        r0 = 1.0;
-        for (k=1;k<=30;k++) {
-            w0 += 1.0/k;
-            r0 *= -0.25*x2/(k*k);
-            r = r0 * w0;
-            cs0 += r;
-            if (fabs(r) < fabs(cs0)*1e-15) break;
-        }
-        y0 = M_2_PI*(ec*j0-cs0);
-        cs1 = 1.0;
-        w1 = 0.0;
-        r1 = 1.0;
-        for (k=1;k<=30;k++) {
-            w1 += 1.0/k;
-            r1 *= -0.25*x2/(k*(k+1));
-            r = r1*(2.0*w1+1.0/(k+1));
-            cs1 += r;
-            if (fabs(r) < fabs(cs1)*1e-15) break;
-        }
-        y1 = M_2_PI * (ec*j1-1.0/x-0.25*x*cs1);
-    }
-    else {
-        if (x >= 50.0) kz = 8;          // Can be changed to 10
-        else if (x >= 35.0) kz = 10;    //  "       "        12
-        else kz = 12;                   //  "       "        14
-        t1 = x-M_PI_4;
-        p0 = 1.0;
-        q0 = -0.125/x;
-        for (k=0;k<kz;k++) {
-            p0 += a[k]*pow(x,-2*k-2);
-            q0 += b[k]*pow(x,-2*k-3);
-        }
-        cu = sqrt(M_2_PI/x);
-        j0 = cu*(p0*cos(t1)-q0*sin(t1));
-        y0 = cu*(p0*sin(t1)+q0*cos(t1));
-        t2 = x-0.75*M_PI;
-        p1 = 1.0;
-        q1 = 0.375/x;
-        for (k=0;k<kz;k++) {
-            p1 += a1[k]*pow(x,-2*k-2);
-            q1 += b1[k]*pow(x,-2*k-3);
-        }
-        j1 = cu*(p1*cos(t2)-q1*sin(t2));
-        y1 = cu*(p1*sin(t2)+q1*cos(t2));
-    }
-    j0p = -j1;
-    j1p = j0-j1/x;
-    y0p = -y1;
-    y1p = y0-y1/x;
-    return 0;
-}
-//
-//  INPUT:
-//      double x    -- argument of Bessel function
-//
-//  OUTPUT:
-//      double j0   -- Bessel function of 1st kind, 0th order
-//      double j1   -- Bessel function of 1st kind, 1st order
-//      double y0   -- Bessel function of 2nd kind, 0th order
-//      double y1   -- Bessel function of 2nd kind, 1st order
-//      double j0p  -- derivative of Bessel function of 1st kind, 0th order
-//      double j1p  -- derivative of Bessel function of 1st kind, 1st order
-//      double y0p  -- derivative of Bessel function of 2nd kind, 0th order
-//      double y1p  -- derivative of Bessel function of 2nd kind, 1st order
-//
-//  RETURN:
-//      int error code: 0 = OK, 1 = error
-//
-//  This algorithm computes the functions using polynomial approximations.
-//
-template<typename P>
-int bessjy01b(P x,P &j0,P &j1,P &y0,P &y1,
-    P &j0p,P &j1p,P &y0p,P &y1p)
-{
-    P t,t2,dtmp,a0,p0,q0,p1,q1,ta0,ta1;
-    if (x < 0.0) return 1;
-    if (x == 0.0) {
-        j0 = 1.0;
-        j1 = 0.0;
-        y0 = -1e308;
-        y1 = -1e308;
-        j0p = 0.0;
-        j1p = 0.5;
-        y0p = 1e308;
-        y1p = 1e308;
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if(x <= 4.0) {
-        t = x/4.0;
-        t2 = t*t;
-        j0 = ((((((-0.5014415e-3*t2+0.76771853e-2)*t2-0.0709253492)*t2+
-            0.4443584263)*t2-1.7777560599)*t2+3.9999973021)*t2
-            -3.9999998721)*t2+1.0;
-        j1 = t*(((((((-0.1289769e-3*t2+0.22069155e-2)*t2-0.0236616773)*t2+
-            0.1777582922)*t2-0.8888839649)*t2+2.6666660544)*t2-
-            3.999999971)*t2+1.9999999998);
-        dtmp = (((((((-0.567433e-4*t2+0.859977e-3)*t2-0.94855882e-2)*t2+
-            0.0772975809)*t2-0.4261737419)*t2+1.4216421221)*t2-
-            2.3498519931)*t2+1.0766115157)*t2+0.3674669052;
-        y0 = M_2_PI*log(0.5*x)*j0+dtmp;
-        dtmp = (((((((0.6535773e-3*t2-0.0108175626)*t2+0.107657607)*t2-
-            0.7268945577)*t2+3.1261399273)*t2-7.3980241381)*t2+
-            6.8529236342)*t2+0.3932562018)*t2-0.6366197726;
-        y1 = M_2_PI*log(0.5*x)*j1+dtmp/x;
-    }
-    else {
-        t = 4.0/x;
-        t2 = t*t;
-        a0 = sqrt(M_2_PI/x);
-        p0 = ((((-0.9285e-5*t2+0.43506e-4)*t2-0.122226e-3)*t2+
-             0.434725e-3)*t2-0.4394275e-2)*t2+0.999999997;
-        q0 = t*(((((0.8099e-5*t2-0.35614e-4)*t2+0.85844e-4)*t2-
-            0.218024e-3)*t2+0.1144106e-2)*t2-0.031249995);
-        ta0 = x-M_PI_4;
-        j0 = a0*(p0*cos(ta0)-q0*sin(ta0));
-        y0 = a0*(p0*sin(ta0)+q0*cos(ta0));
-        p1 = ((((0.10632e-4*t2-0.50363e-4)*t2+0.145575e-3)*t2
-            -0.559487e-3)*t2+0.7323931e-2)*t2+1.000000004;
-        q1 = t*(((((-0.9173e-5*t2+0.40658e-4)*t2-0.99941e-4)*t2
-            +0.266891e-3)*t2-0.1601836e-2)*t2+0.093749994);
-        ta1 = x-0.75*M_PI;
-        j1 = a0*(p1*cos(ta1)-q1*sin(ta1));
-        y1 = a0*(p1*sin(ta1)+q1*cos(ta1));
-    }
-    j0p = -j1;
-    j1p = j0-j1/x;
-    y0p = -y1;
-    y1p = y0-y1/x;
-    return 0;
-}
-template<typename P>
-int msta1(P x,int mp)
-{
-    P a0,f0,f1,f;
-    int i,n0,n1,nn;
-
-    a0 = fabs(x);
-    n0 = (int)(1.1*a0)+1;
-    f0 = 0.5*log10(6.28*n0)-n0*log10(1.36*a0/n0)-mp;
-    n1 = n0+5;
-    f1 = 0.5*log10(6.28*n1)-n1*log10(1.36*a0/n1)-mp;
-    for (i=0;i<20;i++) {
-        nn = (int)(n1-(n1-n0)/(1.0-f0/f1));
-        f = 0.5*log10(6.28*nn)-nn*log10(1.36*a0/nn)-mp;
-        if (abs(nn-n1) < 1) break;
-        n0 = n1;
-        f0 = f1;
-        n1 = nn;
-        f1 = f;
-    }
-    return nn;
-}
-template<typename P>
-int msta2(P x,int n,int mp)
-{
-    P a0,ejn,hmp,f0,f1,f,obj;
-    int i,n0,n1,nn;
-
-    a0 = fabs(x);
-    hmp = 0.5*mp;
-    ejn = 0.5*log10(6.28*n)-n*log10(1.36*a0/n);
-    if (ejn <= hmp) {
-        obj = mp;
-        n0 = (int)(1.1*a0);
-        if (n0 < 1) n0 = 1;
-    }
-    else {
-        obj = hmp+ejn;
-        n0 = n;
-    }
-    f0 = 0.5*log10(6.28*n0)-n0*log10(1.36*a0/n0)-obj;
-    n1 = n0+5;
-    f1 = 0.5*log10(6.28*n1)-n1*log10(1.36*a0/n1)-obj;
-    for (i=0;i<20;i++) {
-        nn = (int)(n1-(n1-n0)/(1.0-f0/f1));
-        f = 0.5*log10(6.28*nn)-nn*log10(1.36*a0/nn)-obj;
-        if (abs(nn-n1) < 1) break;
-        n0 = n1;
-        f0 = f1;
-        n1 = nn;
-        f1 = f;
-    }
-    return nn+10;
-}
-//
-//  INPUT:
-//  double x    -- argument of Bessel function of 1st and 2nd kind.
-//  int n       -- order
-//
-//  OUPUT:
-//
-//  int nm      -- highest order actually computed (nm <= n)
-//  double jn[] -- Bessel function of 1st kind, orders from 0 to nm
-//  double yn[] -- Bessel function of 2nd kind, orders from 0 to nm
-//  double j'n[]-- derivative of Bessel function of 1st kind,
-//                      orders from 0 to nm
-//  double y'n[]-- derivative of Bessel function of 2nd kind,
-//                      orders from 0 to nm
-//
-//  Computes Bessel functions of all order up to 'n' using recurrence
-//  relations. If 'nm' < 'n' only 'nm' orders are returned.
-//
-template<typename P>
-int bessjyna(int n,P x,int &nm,P *jn,P *yn,
-    P *jnp,P *ynp)
-{
-    P bj0,bj1,f,f0,f1,f2,cs;
-    int i,k,m,ecode;
-
-    nm = n;
-    if ((x < 0.0) || (n < 0)) return 1;
-    if (x < 1e-15) {
-        for (i=0;i<=n;i++) {
-            jn[i] = 0.0;
-            yn[i] = -1e308;
-            jnp[i] = 0.0;
-            ynp[i] = 1e308;
-        }
-        jn[0] = 1.0;
-        jnp[1] = 0.5;
-        return 0;
-    }
-    ecode = bessjy01a(x,jn[0],jn[1],yn[0],yn[1],jnp[0],jnp[1],ynp[0],ynp[1]);
-    if (n < 2) return 0;
-    bj0 = jn[0];
-    bj1 = jn[1];
-    if (n < (int)0.9*x) {
-        for (k=2;k<=n;k++) {
-            jn[k] = 2.0*(k-1.0)*bj1/x-bj0;
-            bj0 = bj1;
-            bj1 = jn[k];
-        }
-    }
-    else {
-        m = msta1(x,200);
-        if (m < n) nm = m;
-        else m = msta2(x,n,15);
-        f2 = 0.0;
-        f1 = 1.0e-100;
-        for (k=m;k>=0;k--) {
-            f = 2.0*(k+1.0)/x*f1-f2;
-            if (k <= nm) jn[k] = f;
-            f2 = f1;
-            f1 = f;
-        }
-        if (fabs(bj0) > fabs(bj1)) cs = bj0/f;
-        else cs = bj1/f2;
-        for (k=0;k<=nm;k++) {
-            jn[k] *= cs;
-        }
-    }
-    for (k=2;k<=nm;k++) {
-        jnp[k] = jn[k-1]-k*jn[k]/x;
-    }
-    f0 = yn[0];
-    f1 = yn[1];
-    for (k=2;k<=nm;k++) {
-        f = 2.0*(k-1.0)*f1/x-f0;
-        yn[k] = f;
-        f0 = f1;
-        f1 = f;
-    }
-    for (k=2;k<=nm;k++) {
-        ynp[k] = yn[k-1]-k*yn[k]/x;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-//
-//  Same input and output conventions as above. Different recurrence
-//  relations used for 'x' < 300.
-//
-template<typename P>
-int bessjynb(int n,P x,int &nm,P *jn,P *yn,
-    P *jnp,P *ynp)
-{
-    P t1,t2,f,f1,f2,bj0,bj1,bjk,by0,by1,cu,s0,su,sv;
-    P ec,bs,byk,p0,p1,q0,q1;
-    static P a[] = {
-        -0.7031250000000000e-1,
-         0.1121520996093750,
-        -0.5725014209747314,
-         6.074042001273483};
-    static P b[] = {
-         0.7324218750000000e-1,
-        -0.2271080017089844,
-         1.727727502584457,
-        -2.438052969955606e1};
-    static P a1[] = {
-         0.1171875,
-        -0.1441955566406250,
-         0.6765925884246826,
-        -6.883914268109947};
-    static P b1[] = {
-       -0.1025390625,
-        0.2775764465332031,
-       -1.993531733751297,
-        2.724882731126854e1};
-
-    int i,k,m;
-    nm = n;
-    if ((x < 0.0) || (n < 0)) return 1;
-    if (x < 1e-15) {
-        for (i=0;i<=n;i++) {
-            jn[i] = 0.0;
-            yn[i] = -1e308;
-            jnp[i] = 0.0;
-            ynp[i] = 1e308;
-        }
-        jn[0] = 1.0;
-        jnp[1] = 0.5;
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if (x <= 300.0 || n > (int)(0.9*x)) {
-        if (n == 0) nm = 1;
-        m = msta1(x,200);
-        if (m < nm) nm = m;
-        else m = msta2(x,nm,15);
-        bs = 0.0;
-        su = 0.0;
-        sv = 0.0;
-        f2 = 0.0;
-        f1 = 1.0e-100;
-        for (k = m;k>=0;k--) {
-            f = 2.0*(k+1.0)/x*f1 - f2;
-            if (k <= nm) jn[k] = f;
-            if ((k == 2*(int)(k/2)) && (k != 0)) {
-                bs += 2.0*f;
-//                su += pow(-1,k>>1)*f/(double)k;
-                su += (-1)*((k & 2)-1)*f/(P)k;
-            }
-            else if (k > 1) {
-//                sv += pow(-1,k>>1)*k*f/(k*k-1.0);
-                sv += (-1)*((k & 2)-1)*(P)k*f/(k*k-1.0);
-            }
-            f2 = f1;
-            f1 = f;
-        }
-        s0 = bs+f;
-        for (k=0;k<=nm;k++) {
-            jn[k] /= s0;
-        }
-        ec = log(0.5*x) +0.5772156649015329;
-        by0 = M_2_PI*(ec*jn[0]-4.0*su/s0);
-        yn[0] = by0;
-        by1 = M_2_PI*((ec-1.0)*jn[1]-jn[0]/x-4.0*sv/s0);
-        yn[1] = by1;
-    }
-    else {
-        t1 = x-M_PI_4;
-        p0 = 1.0;
-        q0 = -0.125/x;
-        for (k=0;k<4;k++) {
-            p0 += a[k]*pow(x,-2*k-2);
-            q0 += b[k]*pow(x,-2*k-3);
-        }
-        cu = sqrt(M_2_PI/x);
-        bj0 = cu*(p0*cos(t1)-q0*sin(t1));
-        by0 = cu*(p0*sin(t1)+q0*cos(t1));
-        jn[0] = bj0;
-        yn[0] = by0;
-        t2 = x-0.75*M_PI;
-        p1 = 1.0;
-        q1 = 0.375/x;
-        for (k=0;k<4;k++) {
-            p1 += a1[k]*pow(x,-2*k-2);
-            q1 += b1[k]*pow(x,-2*k-3);
-        }
-        bj1 = cu*(p1*cos(t2)-q1*sin(t2));
-        by1 = cu*(p1*sin(t2)+q1*cos(t2));
-        jn[1] = bj1;
-        yn[1] = by1;
-        for (k=2;k<=nm;k++) {
-            bjk = 2.0*(k-1.0)*bj1/x-bj0;
-            jn[k] = bjk;
-            bj0 = bj1;
-            bj1 = bjk;
-        }
-    }
-    jnp[0] = -jn[1];
-    for (k=1;k<=nm;k++) {
-        jnp[k] = jn[k-1]-k*jn[k]/x;
-    }
-    for (k=2;k<=nm;k++) {
-        byk = 2.0*(k-1.0)*by1/x-by0;
-        yn[k] = byk;
-        by0 = by1;
-        by1 = byk;
-    }
-    ynp[0] = -yn[1];
-    for (k=1;k<=nm;k++) {
-        ynp[k] = yn[k-1]-k*yn[k]/x;
-    }
-    return 0;
-
-}
-
-//  The following routine computes Bessel Jv(x) and Yv(x) for
-//  arbitrary positive order (v). For negative order, use:
-//
-//      J-v(x) = Jv(x)cos(v pi) - Yv(x)sin(v pi)
-//      Y-v(x) = Jv(x)sin(v pi) + Yv(x)cos(v pi)
-//
-template<typename P>
-int bessjyv(P v,P x,P &vm,P *jv,P *yv,
-    P *djv,P *dyv)
-{
-    P v0,vl,vg,vv,a,a0,r,x2,bjv0,bjv1,bjvl,f,f0,f1,f2;
-    P r0,r1,ck,cs,cs0,cs1,sk,qx,px,byv0,byv1,rp,xk,rq;
-    P b,ec,w0,w1,bju0,bju1,pv0,pv1,byvk;
-    int j,k,l,m,n,kz;
-
-    x2 = x*x;
-    n = (int)v;
-    v0 = v-n;
-    if ((x < 0.0) || (v < 0.0)) return 1;
-    if (x < 1e-15) {
-        for (k=0;k<=n;k++) {
-            jv[k] = 0.0;
-            yv[k] = -1e308;
-            djv[k] = 0.0;
-            dyv[k] = 1e308;
-            if (v0 == 0.0) {
-                jv[0] = 1.0;
-                djv[1] = 0.5;
-            }
-            else djv[0] = 1e308;
-        }
-        vm = v;
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if (x <= 12.0) {
-        for (l=0;l<2;l++) {
-            vl = v0 + l;
-            bjvl = 1.0;
-            r = 1.0;
-            for (k=1;k<=40;k++) {
-                r *= -0.25*x2/(k*(k+vl));
-                bjvl += r;
-                if (fabs(r) < fabs(bjvl)*1e-15) break;
-            }
-            vg = 1.0 + vl;
-            a = pow(0.5*x,vl)/gamma(vg);
-            if (l == 0) bjv0 = bjvl*a;
-            else bjv1 = bjvl*a;
-        }
-    }
-    else {
-        if (x >= 50.0) kz = 8;
-        else if (x >= 35.0) kz = 10;
-        else kz = 11;
-        for (j=0;j<2;j++) {
-            vv = 4.0*(j+v0)*(j+v0);
-            px = 1.0;
-            rp = 1.0;
-            for (k=1;k<=kz;k++) {
-                rp *= (-0.78125e-2)*(vv-pow(4.0*k-3.0,2.0))*
-                    (vv-pow(4.0*k-1.0,2.0))/(k*(2.0*k-1.0)*x2);
-                px += rp;
-            }
-            qx = 1.0;
-            rq = 1.0;
-            for (k=1;k<=kz;k++) {
-                rq *= (-0.78125e-2)*(vv-pow(4.0*k-1.0,2.0))*
-                    (vv-pow(4.0*k+1.0,2.0))/(k*(2.0*k+1.0)*x2);
-                qx += rq;
-            }
-            qx *= 0.125*(vv-1.0)/x;
-            xk = x-(0.5*(j+v0)+0.25)*M_PI;
-            a0 = sqrt(M_2_PI/x);
-            ck = cos(xk);
-            sk = sin(xk);
-
-            if (j == 0) {
-                bjv0 = a0*(px*ck-qx*sk);
-                byv0 = a0*(px*sk+qx*ck);
-            }
-            else if (j == 1) {
-                bjv1 = a0*(px*ck-qx*sk);
-                byv1 = a0*(px*sk+qx*ck);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    jv[0] = bjv0;
-    jv[1] = bjv1;
-    djv[0] = v0*jv[0]/x-jv[1];
-    djv[1] = -(1.0+v0)*jv[1]/x+jv[0];
-    if ((n >= 2) && (n <= (int)(0.9*x))) {
-        f0 = bjv0;
-        f1 = bjv1;
-        for (k=2;k<=n;k++) {
-            f = 2.0*(k+v0-1.0)*f1/x-f0;
-            jv[k] = f;
-            f0 = f1;
-            f1 = f;
-        }
-    }
-    else if (n >= 2) {
-        m = msta1(x,200);
-        if (m < n) n = m;
-        else m = msta2(x,n,15);
-        f2 = 0.0;
-        f1 = 1.0e-100;
-        for (k=m;k>=0;k--) {
-            f = 2.0*(v0+k+1.0)*f1/x-f2;
-            if (k <= n) jv[k] = f;
-            f2 = f1;
-            f1 = f;
-        }
-        if (fabs(bjv0) > fabs(bjv1)) cs = bjv0/f;
-        else cs = bjv1/f2;
-        for (k=0;k<=n;k++) {
-            jv[k] *= cs;
-        }
-    }
-    for (k=2;k<=n;k++) {
-        djv[k] = -(k+v0)*jv[k]/x+jv[k-1];
-    }
-    if (x <= 12.0) {
-        if (v0 != 0.0) {
-            for (l=0;l<2;l++) {
-                vl = v0 +l;
-                bjvl = 1.0;
-                r = 1.0;
-                for (k=1;k<=40;k++) {
-                    r *= -0.25*x2/(k*(k-vl));
-                    bjvl += r;
-                    if (fabs(r) < fabs(bjvl)*1e-15) break;
-                }
-                vg = 1.0-vl;
-                b = pow(2.0/x,vl)/gamma(vg);
-                if (l == 0) bju0 = bjvl*b;
-                else bju1 = bjvl*b;
-            }
-            pv0 = M_PI*v0;
-            pv1 = M_PI*(1.0+v0);
-            byv0 = (bjv0*cos(pv0)-bju0)/sin(pv0);
-            byv1 = (bjv1*cos(pv1)-bju1)/sin(pv1);
-        }
-        else {
-            ec = log(0.5*x)+el;
-            cs0 = 0.0;
-            w0 = 0.0;
-            r0 = 1.0;
-            for (k=1;k<=30;k++) {
-                w0 += 1.0/k;
-                r0 *= -0.25*x2/(k*k);
-                cs0 += r0*w0;
-            }
-            byv0 = M_2_PI*(ec*bjv0-cs0);
-            cs1 = 1.0;
-            w1 = 0.0;
-            r1 = 1.0;
-            for (k=1;k<=30;k++) {
-                w1 += 1.0/k;
-                r1 *= -0.25*x2/(k*(k+1));
-                cs1 += r1*(2.0*w1+1.0/(k+1.0));
-            }
-            byv1 = M_2_PI*(ec*bjv1-1.0/x-0.25*x*cs1);
-        }
-    }
-    yv[0] = byv0;
-    yv[1] = byv1;
-    for (k=2;k<=n;k++) {
-        byvk = 2.0*(v0+k-1.0)*byv1/x-byv0;
-        yv[k] = byvk;
-        byv0 = byv1;
-        byv1 = byvk;
-    }
-    dyv[0] = v0*yv[0]/x-yv[1];
-    for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {
-        dyv[k] = -(k+v0)*yv[k]/x+yv[k-1];
-    }
-    vm = n + v0;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-template<typename P>
-int bessjyv_sph(int v, P z, P &vm, P* cjv,
-    P* cyv, P* cjvp, P* cyvp)
-{
-    //first, compute the bessel functions of fractional order
-    bessjyv(v + 0.5, z, vm, cjv, cyv, cjvp, cyvp);
-
-    //iterate through each and scale
-    for(int n = 0; n<=v; n++)
-    {
-
-        cjv[n] = cjv[n] * sqrt(rtsPI/(z * 2.0));
-        cyv[n] = cyv[n] * sqrt(rtsPI/(z * 2.0));
-
-        cjvp[n] = -1.0 / (z * 2.0) * cjv[n] + cjvp[n] * sqrt(rtsPI / (z * 2.0));
-        cyvp[n] = -1.0 / (z * 2.0) * cyv[n] + cyvp[n] * sqrt(rtsPI / (z * 2.0));
-    }
-
-	return 0;
-
-}
-
-template<typename P>
-int cbessjy01(complex<P> z,complex<P> &cj0,complex<P> &cj1,
-    complex<P> &cy0,complex<P> &cy1,complex<P> &cj0p,
-    complex<P> &cj1p,complex<P> &cy0p,complex<P> &cy1p)
-{
-    complex<P> z1,z2,cr,cp,cs,cp0,cq0,cp1,cq1,ct1,ct2,cu;
-    P a0,w0,w1;
-    int k,kz;
-
-    static P a[] = {
-        -7.03125e-2,
-         0.112152099609375,
-        -0.5725014209747314,
-         6.074042001273483,
-        -1.100171402692467e2,
-         3.038090510922384e3,
-        -1.188384262567832e5,
-         6.252951493434797e6,
-        -4.259392165047669e8,
-         3.646840080706556e10,
-        -3.833534661393944e12,
-         4.854014686852901e14,
-        -7.286857349377656e16,
-         1.279721941975975e19};
-    static P b[] = {
-         7.32421875e-2,
-        -0.2271080017089844,
-         1.727727502584457,
-        -2.438052969955606e1,
-         5.513358961220206e2,
-        -1.825775547429318e4,
-         8.328593040162893e5,
-        -5.006958953198893e7,
-         3.836255180230433e9,
-        -3.649010818849833e11,
-         4.218971570284096e13,
-        -5.827244631566907e15,
-         9.476288099260110e17,
-        -1.792162323051699e20};
-    static P a1[] = {
-         0.1171875,
-        -0.1441955566406250,
-         0.6765925884246826,
-        -6.883914268109947,
-         1.215978918765359e2,
-        -3.302272294480852e3,
-         1.276412726461746e5,
-        -6.656367718817688e6,
-         4.502786003050393e8,
-        -3.833857520742790e10,
-         4.011838599133198e12,
-        -5.060568503314727e14,
-         7.572616461117958e16,
-        -1.326257285320556e19};
-    static P b1[] = {
-        -0.1025390625,
-         0.2775764465332031,
-        -1.993531733751297,
-         2.724882731126854e1,
-        -6.038440767050702e2,
-         1.971837591223663e4,
-        -8.902978767070678e5,
-         5.310411010968522e7,
-        -4.043620325107754e9,
-         3.827011346598605e11,
-        -4.406481417852278e13,
-         6.065091351222699e15,
-        -9.833883876590679e17,
-         1.855045211579828e20};
-
-    a0 = abs(z);
-    z2 = z*z;
-    z1 = z;
-    if (a0 == 0.0) {
-        cj0 = cone;
-        cj1 = czero;
-        cy0 = complex<P>(-1e308,0);
-        cy1 = complex<P>(-1e308,0);
-        cj0p = czero;
-        cj1p = complex<P>(0.5,0.0);
-        cy0p = complex<P>(1e308,0);
-        cy1p = complex<P>(1e308,0);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if (real(z) < 0.0) z1 = -z;
-    if (a0 <= 12.0) {
-        cj0 = cone;
-        cr = cone;
-        for (k=1;k<=40;k++) {
-            cr *= -0.25*z2/(P)(k*k);
-            cj0 += cr;
-            if (abs(cr) < abs(cj0)*eps) break;
-        }
-        cj1 = cone;
-        cr = cone;
-        for (k=1;k<=40;k++) {
-            cr *= -0.25*z2/(k*(k+1.0));
-            cj1 += cr;
-            if (abs(cr) < abs(cj1)*eps) break;
-        }
-        cj1 *= 0.5*z1;
-        w0 = 0.0;
-        cr = cone;
-        cs = czero;
-        for (k=1;k<=40;k++) {
-            w0 += 1.0/k;
-            cr *= -0.25*z2/(P)(k*k);
-            cp = cr*w0;
-            cs += cp;
-            if (abs(cp) < abs(cs)*eps) break;
-        }
-        cy0 = M_2_PI*((log(0.5*z1)+el)*cj0-cs);
-        w1 = 0.0;
-        cr = cone;
-        cs = cone;
-        for (k=1;k<=40;k++) {
-            w1 += 1.0/k;
-            cr *= -0.25*z2/(k*(k+1.0));
-            cp = cr*(2.0*w1+1.0/(k+1.0));
-            cs += cp;
-            if (abs(cp) < abs(cs)*eps) break;
-        }
-        cy1 = M_2_PI*((log(0.5*z1)+el)*cj1-1.0/z1-0.25*z1*cs);
-    }
-    else {
-        if (a0 >= 50.0) kz = 8;         // can be changed to 10
-        else if (a0 >= 35.0) kz = 10;   //   "      "     "  12
-        else kz = 12;                   //   "      "     "  14
-        ct1 = z1 - M_PI_4;
-        cp0 = cone;
-        for (k=0;k<kz;k++) {
-            cp0 += a[k]*pow(z1,-2.0*k-2.0);
-        }
-        cq0 = -0.125/z1;
-        for (k=0;k<kz;k++) {
-            cq0 += b[k]*pow(z1,-2.0*k-3.0);
-        }
-        cu = sqrt(M_2_PI/z1);
-        cj0 = cu*(cp0*cos(ct1)-cq0*sin(ct1));
-        cy0 = cu*(cp0*sin(ct1)+cq0*cos(ct1));
-        ct2 = z1 - 0.75*M_PI;
-        cp1 = cone;
-        for (k=0;k<kz;k++) {
-            cp1 += a1[k]*pow(z1,-2.0*k-2.0);
-        }
-        cq1 = 0.375/z1;
-        for (k=0;k<kz;k++) {
-            cq1 += b1[k]*pow(z1,-2.0*k-3.0);
-        }
-        cj1 = cu*(cp1*cos(ct2)-cq1*sin(ct2));
-        cy1 = cu*(cp1*sin(ct2)+cq1*cos(ct2));
-    }
-    if (real(z) < 0.0) {
-        if (imag(z) < 0.0) {
-            cy0 -= 2.0*cii*cj0;
-            cy1 = -(cy1-2.0*cii*cj1);
-        }
-        else if (imag(z) > 0.0) {
-            cy0 += 2.0*cii*cj0;
-            cy1 = -(cy1+2.0*cii*cj1);
-        }
-        cj1 = -cj1;
-    }
-    cj0p = -cj1;
-    cj1p = cj0-cj1/z;
-    cy0p = -cy1;
-    cy1p = cy0-cy1/z;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-template<typename P>
-int cbessjyna(int n,complex<P> z,int &nm,complex<P> *cj,
-    complex<P> *cy,complex<P> *cjp,complex<P> *cyp)
-{
-    complex<P> cbj0,cbj1,cby0,cby1,cj0,cjk,cj1,cf,cf1,cf2;
-    complex<P> cs,cg0,cg1,cyk,cyl1,cyl2,cylk,cp11,cp12,cp21,cp22;
-    complex<P> ch0,ch1,ch2;
-    P a0,yak,ya1,ya0,wa;
-    int m,k,lb,lb0;
-
-    if (n < 0) return 1;
-    a0 = abs(z);
-    nm = n;
-    if (a0 < 1.0e-100) {
-        for (k=0;k<=n;k++) {
-            cj[k] = czero;
-            cy[k] = complex<P> (-1e308,0);
-            cjp[k] = czero;
-            cyp[k] = complex<P>(1e308,0);
-        }
-        cj[0] = cone;
-        cjp[1] = complex<P>(0.5,0.0);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    cbessjy01(z,cj[0],cj[1],cy[0],cy[1],cjp[0],cjp[1],cyp[0],cyp[1]);
-    cbj0 = cj[0];
-    cbj1 = cj[1];
-    cby0 = cy[0];
-    cby1 = cy[1];
-    if (n <= 1) return 0;
-    if (n < (int)0.25*a0) {
-        cj0 = cbj0;
-        cj1 = cbj1;
-        for (k=2;k<=n;k++) {
-            cjk = 2.0*(k-1.0)*cj1/z-cj0;
-            cj[k] = cjk;
-            cj0 = cj1;
-            cj1 = cjk;
-        }
-    }
-    else {
-        m = msta1(a0,200);
-        if (m < n) nm = m;
-        else m = msta2(a0,n,15);
-        cf2 = czero;
-        cf1 = complex<P> (1.0e-100,0.0);
-        for (k=m;k>=0;k--) {
-            cf = 2.0*(k+1.0)*cf1/z-cf2;
-            if (k <=nm) cj[k] = cf;
-            cf2 = cf1;
-            cf1 = cf;
-        }
-        if (abs(cbj0) > abs(cbj1)) cs = cbj0/cf;
-        else cs = cbj1/cf2;
-        for (k=0;k<=nm;k++) {
-            cj[k] *= cs;
-        }
-    }
-    for (k=2;k<=nm;k++) {
-        cjp[k] = cj[k-1]-(P)k*cj[k]/z;
-    }
-    ya0 = abs(cby0);
-    lb = 0;
-    cg0 = cby0;
-    cg1 = cby1;
-    for (k=2;k<=nm;k++) {
-        cyk = 2.0*(k-1.0)*cg1/z-cg0;
-        yak = abs(cyk);
-        ya1 = abs(cg0);
-        if ((yak < ya0) && (yak < ya1)) lb = k;
-        cy[k] = cyk;
-        cg0 = cg1;
-        cg1 = cyk;
-    }
-    lb0 = 0;
-    if ((lb > 4) && (imag(z) != 0.0)) {
-        while (lb != lb0) {
-            ch2 = cone;
-            ch1 = czero;
-            lb0 = lb;
-            for (k=lb;k>=1;k--) {
-                ch0 = 2.0*k*ch1/z-ch2;
-                ch2 = ch1;
-                ch1 = ch0;
-            }
-            cp12 = ch0;
-            cp22 = ch2;
-            ch2 = czero;
-            ch1 = cone;
-            for (k=lb;k>=1;k--) {
-                ch0 = 2.0*k*ch1/z-ch2;
-                ch2 = ch1;
-                ch1 = ch0;
-            }
-            cp11 = ch0;
-            cp21 = ch2;
-            if (lb == nm)
-                cj[lb+1] = 2.0*lb*cj[lb]/z-cj[lb-1];
-            if (abs(cj[0]) > abs(cj[1])) {
-                cy[lb+1] = (cj[lb+1]*cby0-2.0*cp11/(M_PI*z))/cj[0];
-                cy[lb] = (cj[lb]*cby0+2.0*cp12/(M_PI*z))/cj[0];
-            }
-            else {
-                cy[lb+1] = (cj[lb+1]*cby1-2.0*cp21/(M_PI*z))/cj[1];
-                cy[lb] = (cj[lb]*cby1+2.0*cp22/(M_PI*z))/cj[1];
-            }
-            cyl2 = cy[lb+1];
-            cyl1 = cy[lb];
-            for (k=lb-1;k>=0;k--) {
-                cylk = 2.0*(k+1.0)*cyl1/z-cyl2;
-                cy[k] = cylk;
-                cyl2 = cyl1;
-                cyl1 = cylk;
-            }
-            cyl1 = cy[lb];
-            cyl2 = cy[lb+1];
-            for (k=lb+1;k<n;k++) {
-                cylk = 2.0*k*cyl2/z-cyl1;
-                cy[k+1] = cylk;
-                cyl1 = cyl2;
-                cyl2 = cylk;
-            }
-            for (k=2;k<=nm;k++) {
-                wa = abs(cy[k]);
-                if (wa < abs(cy[k-1])) lb = k;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    for (k=2;k<=nm;k++) {
-        cyp[k] = cy[k-1]-(P)k*cy[k]/z;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-template<typename P>
-int cbessjynb(int n,complex<P> z,int &nm,complex<P> *cj,
-    complex<P> *cy,complex<P> *cjp,complex<P> *cyp)
-{
-    complex<P> cf,cf0,cf1,cf2,cbs,csu,csv,cs0,ce;
-    complex<P> ct1,cp0,cq0,cp1,cq1,cu,cbj0,cby0,cbj1,cby1;
-    complex<P> cyy,cbjk,ct2;
-    P a0,y0;
-    int k,m;
-    static P a[] = {
-        -0.7031250000000000e-1,
-         0.1121520996093750,
-        -0.5725014209747314,
-         6.074042001273483};
-    static P b[] = {
-         0.7324218750000000e-1,
-        -0.2271080017089844,
-         1.727727502584457,
-        -2.438052969955606e1};
-    static P a1[] = {
-         0.1171875,
-        -0.1441955566406250,
-         0.6765925884246826,
-        -6.883914268109947};
-    static P b1[] = {
-       -0.1025390625,
-        0.2775764465332031,
-       -1.993531733751297,
-        2.724882731126854e1};
-
-    y0 = abs(imag(z));
-    a0 = abs(z);
-    nm = n;
-    if (a0 < 1.0e-100) {
-        for (k=0;k<=n;k++) {
-            cj[k] = czero;
-            cy[k] = complex<P> (-1e308,0);
-            cjp[k] = czero;
-            cyp[k] = complex<P>(1e308,0);
-        }
-        cj[0] = cone;
-        cjp[1] = complex<P>(0.5,0.0);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if ((a0 <= 300.0) || (n > (int)(0.25*a0))) {
-        if (n == 0) nm = 1;
-        m = msta1(a0,200);
-        if (m < nm) nm = m;
-        else m = msta2(a0,nm,15);
-        cbs = czero;
-        csu = czero;
-        csv = czero;
-        cf2 = czero;
-        cf1 = complex<P> (1.0e-100,0.0);
-        for (k=m;k>=0;k--) {
-            cf = 2.0*(k+1.0)*cf1/z-cf2;
-            if (k <= nm) cj[k] = cf;
-            if (((k & 1) == 0) && (k != 0)) {
-                if (y0 <= 1.0) {
-                    cbs += 2.0*cf;
-                }
-                else {
-                    cbs += (-1)*((k & 2)-1)*2.0*cf;
-                }
-                csu += (P)((-1)*((k & 2)-1))*cf/(P)k;
-            }
-            else if (k > 1) {
-                csv += (P)((-1)*((k & 2)-1)*k)*cf/(P)(k*k-1.0);
-            }
-            cf2 = cf1;
-            cf1 = cf;
-        }
-        if (y0 <= 1.0) cs0 = cbs+cf;
-        else cs0 = (cbs+cf)/cos(z);
-        for (k=0;k<=nm;k++) {
-            cj[k] /= cs0;
-        }
-        ce = log(0.5*z)+el;
-        cy[0] = M_2_PI*(ce*cj[0]-4.0*csu/cs0);
-        cy[1] = M_2_PI*(-cj[0]/z+(ce-1.0)*cj[1]-4.0*csv/cs0);
-    }
-    else {
-        ct1 = z-M_PI_4;
-        cp0 = cone;
-        for (k=0;k<4;k++) {
-            cp0 += a[k]*pow(z,-2.0*k-2.0);
-        }
-        cq0 = -0.125/z;
-        for (k=0;k<4;k++) {
-            cq0 += b[k] *pow(z,-2.0*k-3.0);
-        }
-        cu = sqrt(M_2_PI/z);
-        cbj0 = cu*(cp0*cos(ct1)-cq0*sin(ct1));
-        cby0 = cu*(cp0*sin(ct1)+cq0*cos(ct1));
-        cj[0] = cbj0;
-        cy[0] = cby0;
-        ct2 = z-0.75*M_PI;
-        cp1 = cone;
-        for (k=0;k<4;k++) {
-            cp1 += a1[k]*pow(z,-2.0*k-2.0);
-        }
-        cq1 = 0.375/z;
-        for (k=0;k<4;k++) {
-            cq1 += b1[k]*pow(z,-2.0*k-3.0);
-        }
-        cbj1 = cu*(cp1*cos(ct2)-cq1*sin(ct2));
-        cby1 = cu*(cp1*sin(ct2)+cq1*cos(ct2));
-        cj[1] = cbj1;
-        cy[1] = cby1;
-        for (k=2;k<=n;k++) {
-            cbjk = 2.0*(k-1.0)*cbj1/z-cbj0;
-            cj[k] = cbjk;
-            cbj0 = cbj1;
-            cbj1 = cbjk;
-        }
-    }
-    cjp[0] = -cj[1];
-    for (k=1;k<=nm;k++) {
-        cjp[k] = cj[k-1]-(P)k*cj[k]/z;
-    }
-    if (abs(cj[0]) > 1.0)
-        cy[1] = (cj[1]*cy[0]-2.0/(M_PI*z))/cj[0];
-    for (k=2;k<=nm;k++) {
-        if (abs(cj[k-1]) >= abs(cj[k-2]))
-            cyy = (cj[k]*cy[k-1]-2.0/(M_PI*z))/cj[k-1];
-        else
-            cyy = (cj[k]*cy[k-2]-4.0*(k-1.0)/(M_PI*z*z))/cj[k-2];
-        cy[k] = cyy;
-    }
-    cyp[0] = -cy[1];
-    for (k=1;k<=nm;k++) {
-        cyp[k] = cy[k-1]-(P)k*cy[k]/z;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-template<typename P>
-int cbessjyva(P v,complex<P> z,P &vm,complex<P>*cjv,
-    complex<P>*cyv,complex<P>*cjvp,complex<P>*cyvp)
-{
-    complex<P> z1,z2,zk,cjvl,cr,ca,cjv0,cjv1,cpz,crp;
-    complex<P> cqz,crq,ca0,cck,csk,cyv0,cyv1,cju0,cju1,cb;
-    complex<P> cs,cs0,cr0,cs1,cr1,cec,cf,cf0,cf1,cf2;
-    complex<P> cfac0,cfac1,cg0,cg1,cyk,cp11,cp12,cp21,cp22;
-    complex<P> ch0,ch1,ch2,cyl1,cyl2,cylk;
-
-    P a0,v0,pv0,pv1,vl,ga,gb,vg,vv,w0,w1,ya0,yak,ya1,wa;
-    int j,n,k,kz,l,lb,lb0,m;
-
-    a0 = abs(z);
-    z1 = z;
-    z2 = z*z;
-    n = (int)v;
-
-
-    v0 = v-n;
-
-    pv0 = M_PI*v0;
-    pv1 = M_PI*(1.0+v0);
-    if (a0 < 1.0e-100) {
-        for (k=0;k<=n;k++) {
-            cjv[k] = czero;
-            cyv[k] = complex<P> (-1e308,0);
-            cjvp[k] = czero;
-            cyvp[k] = complex<P> (1e308,0);
-
-        }
-        if (v0 == 0.0) {
-            cjv[0] = cone;
-            cjvp[1] = complex<P> (0.5,0.0);
-        }
-        else {
-            cjvp[0] = complex<P> (1e308,0);
-        }
-        vm = v;
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if (real(z1) < 0.0) z1 = -z;
-    if (a0 <= 12.0) {
-        for (l=0;l<2;l++) {
-            vl = v0+l;
-            cjvl = cone;
-            cr = cone;
-            for (k=1;k<=40;k++) {
-                cr *= -0.25*z2/(k*(k+vl));
-                cjvl += cr;
-                if (abs(cr) < abs(cjvl)*eps) break;
-            }
-           vg = 1.0 + vl;
-           ga = gamma(vg);
-           ca = pow(0.5*z1,vl)/ga;
-           if (l == 0) cjv0 = cjvl*ca;
-           else cjv1 = cjvl*ca;
-        }
-    }
-    else {
-        if (a0 >= 50.0) kz = 8;
-        else if (a0 >= 35.0) kz = 10;
-        else kz = 11;
-        for (j=0;j<2;j++) {
-            vv = 4.0*(j+v0)*(j+v0);
-            cpz = cone;
-            crp = cone;
-            for (k=1;k<=kz;k++) {
-                crp = -0.78125e-2*crp*(vv-pow(4.0*k-3.0,2.0))*
-                    (vv-pow(4.0*k-1.0,2.0))/(k*(2.0*k-1.0)*z2);
-                cpz += crp;
-            }
-            cqz = cone;
-            crq = cone;
-            for (k=1;k<=kz;k++) {
-                crq = -0.78125e-2*crq*(vv-pow(4.0*k-1.0,2.0))*
-                    (vv-pow(4.0*k+1.0,2.0))/(k*(2.0*k+1.0)*z2);
-                cqz += crq;
-            }
-            cqz *= 0.125*(vv-1.0)/z1;
-            zk = z1-(0.5*(j+v0)+0.25)*M_PI;
-            ca0 = sqrt(M_2_PI/z1);
-            cck = cos(zk);
-            csk = sin(zk);
-            if (j == 0) {
-                cjv0 = ca0*(cpz*cck-cqz*csk);
-                cyv0 = ca0*(cpz*csk+cqz+cck);
-            }
-            else {
-                cjv1 = ca0*(cpz*cck-cqz*csk);
-                cyv1 = ca0*(cpz*csk+cqz*cck);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    if (a0 <= 12.0) {
-        if (v0 != 0.0) {
-            for (l=0;l<2;l++) {
-                vl = v0+l;
-                cjvl = cone;
-                cr = cone;
-                for (k=1;k<=40;k++) {
-                    cr *= -0.25*z2/(k*(k-vl));
-                    cjvl += cr;
-                    if (abs(cr) < abs(cjvl)*eps) break;
-                }
-                vg = 1.0-vl;
-                gb = gamma(vg);
-                cb = pow(2.0/z1,vl)/gb;
-                if (l == 0) cju0 = cjvl*cb;
-                else cju1 = cjvl*cb;
-            }
-            cyv0 = (cjv0*cos(pv0)-cju0)/sin(pv0);
-            cyv1 = (cjv1*cos(pv1)-cju1)/sin(pv1);
-        }
-        else {
-            cec = log(0.5*z1)+el;
-            cs0 = czero;
-            w0 = 0.0;
-            cr0 = cone;
-            for (k=1;k<=30;k++) {
-                w0 += 1.0/k;
-                cr0 *= -0.25*z2/(P)(k*k);
-                cs0 += cr0*w0;
-            }
-            cyv0 = M_2_PI*(cec*cjv0-cs0);
-            cs1 = cone;
-            w1 = 0.0;
-            cr1 = cone;
-            for (k=1;k<=30;k++) {
-                w1 += 1.0/k;
-                cr1 *= -0.25*z2/(k*(k+1.0));
-                cs1 += cr1*(2.0*w1+1.0/(k+1.0));
-            }
-            cyv1 = M_2_PI*(cec*cjv1-1.0/z1-0.25*z1*cs1);
-        }
-    }
-    if (real(z) < 0.0) {
-        cfac0 = exp(pv0*cii);
-        cfac1 = exp(pv1*cii);
-        if (imag(z) < 0.0) {
-            cyv0 = cfac0*cyv0-(P)2.0*(complex<P>)cii*cos(pv0)*cjv0;
-            cyv1 = cfac1*cyv1-(P)2.0*(complex<P>)cii*cos(pv1)*cjv1;
-            cjv0 /= cfac0;
-            cjv1 /= cfac1;
-        }
-        else if (imag(z) > 0.0) {
-            cyv0 = cyv0/cfac0+(P)2.0*(complex<P>)cii*cos(pv0)*cjv0;
-            cyv1 = cyv1/cfac1+(P)2.0*(complex<P>)cii*cos(pv1)*cjv1;
-            cjv0 *= cfac0;
-            cjv1 *= cfac1;
-        }
-    }
-    cjv[0] = cjv0;
-    cjv[1] = cjv1;
-    if ((n >= 2) && (n <= (int)(0.25*a0))) {
-        cf0 = cjv0;
-        cf1 = cjv1;
-        for (k=2;k<= n;k++) {
-            cf = 2.0*(k+v0-1.0)*cf1/z-cf0;
-            cjv[k] = cf;
-            cf0 = cf1;
-            cf1 = cf;
-        }
-    }
-    else if (n >= 2) {
-        m = msta1(a0,200);
-        if (m < n) n = m;
-        else  m = msta2(a0,n,15);
-        cf2 = czero;
-        cf1 = complex<P>(1.0e-100,0.0);
-        for (k=m;k>=0;k--) {
-            cf = 2.0*(v0+k+1.0)*cf1/z-cf2;
-            if (k <= n) cjv[k] = cf;
-            cf2 = cf1;
-            cf1 = cf;
-        }
-        if (abs(cjv0) > abs(cjv1)) cs = cjv0/cf;
-        else cs = cjv1/cf2;
-        for (k=0;k<=n;k++) {
-            cjv[k] *= cs;
-        }
-    }
-    cjvp[0] = v0*cjv[0]/z-cjv[1];
-    for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {
-        cjvp[k] = -(k+v0)*cjv[k]/z+cjv[k-1];
-    }
-    cyv[0] = cyv0;
-    cyv[1] = cyv1;
-    ya0 = abs(cyv0);
-    lb = 0;
-    cg0 = cyv0;
-    cg1 = cyv1;
-    for (k=2;k<=n;k++) {
-        cyk = 2.0*(v0+k-1.0)*cg1/z-cg0;
-        yak = abs(cyk);
-        ya1 = abs(cg0);
-        if ((yak < ya0) && (yak< ya1)) lb = k;
-        cyv[k] = cyk;
-        cg0 = cg1;
-        cg1 = cyk;
-    }
-    lb0 = 0;
-    if ((lb > 4) && (imag(z) != 0.0)) {
-        while(lb != lb0) {
-            ch2 = cone;
-            ch1 = czero;
-            lb0 = lb;
-            for (k=lb;k>=1;k--) {
-                ch0 = 2.0*(k+v0)*ch1/z-ch2;
-                ch2 = ch1;
-                ch1 = ch0;
-            }
-            cp12 = ch0;
-            cp22 = ch2;
-            ch2 = czero;
-            ch1 = cone;
-            for (k=lb;k>=1;k--) {
-                ch0 = 2.0*(k+v0)*ch1/z-ch2;
-                ch2 = ch1;
-                ch1 = ch0;
-            }
-            cp11 = ch0;
-            cp21 = ch2;
-            if (lb == n)
-                cjv[lb+1] = 2.0*(lb+v0)*cjv[lb]/z-cjv[lb-1];
-            if (abs(cjv[0]) > abs(cjv[1])) {
-                cyv[lb+1] = (cjv[lb+1]*cyv0-2.0*cp11/(M_PI*z))/cjv[0];
-                cyv[lb] = (cjv[lb]*cyv0+2.0*cp12/(M_PI*z))/cjv[0];
-            }
-            else {
-                cyv[lb+1] = (cjv[lb+1]*cyv1-2.0*cp21/(M_PI*z))/cjv[1];
-                cyv[lb] = (cjv[lb]*cyv1+2.0*cp22/(M_PI*z))/cjv[1];
-            }
-            cyl2 = cyv[lb+1];
-            cyl1 = cyv[lb];
-            for (k=lb-1;k>=0;k--) {
-                cylk = 2.0*(k+v0+1.0)*cyl1/z-cyl2;
-                cyv[k] = cylk;
-                cyl2 = cyl1;
-                cyl1 = cylk;
-            }
-            cyl1 = cyv[lb];
-            cyl2 = cyv[lb+1];
-            for (k=lb+1;k<n;k++) {
-                cylk = 2.0*(k+v0)*cyl2/z-cyl1;
-                cyv[k+1] = cylk;
-                cyl1 = cyl2;
-                cyl2 = cylk;
-            }
-            for (k=2;k<=n;k++) {
-                wa = abs(cyv[k]);
-                if (wa < abs(cyv[k-1])) lb = k;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    cyvp[0] = v0*cyv[0]/z-cyv[1];
-    for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {
-        cyvp[k] = cyv[k-1]-(k+v0)*cyv[k]/z;
-    }
-    vm = n+v0;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-template<typename P>
-int cbessjyva_sph(int v,complex<P> z,P &vm,complex<P>*cjv,
-    complex<P>*cyv,complex<P>*cjvp,complex<P>*cyvp)
-{
-    //first, compute the bessel functions of fractional order
-    cbessjyva<P>(v + 0.5, z, vm, cjv, cyv, cjvp, cyvp);
-
-    //iterate through each and scale
-    for(int n = 0; n<=v; n++)
-    {
-
-        cjv[n] = cjv[n] * sqrt(rtsPI/(z * 2.0));
-        cyv[n] = cyv[n] * sqrt(rtsPI/(z * 2.0));
-
-        cjvp[n] = -1.0 / (z * 2.0) * cjv[n] + cjvp[n] * sqrt(rtsPI / (z * 2.0));
-        cyvp[n] = -1.0 / (z * 2.0) * cyv[n] + cyvp[n] * sqrt(rtsPI / (z * 2.0));
-    }
-
-	return 0;
-
-}
-
-}	//end namespace rts
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/math/complex.h b/math/complex.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 84ba67e..0000000
--- a/math/complex.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,505 +0,0 @@
-/*RTS Complex number class.  This class is CUDA compatible,
-and can therefore be used in CUDA code and on CUDA devices.
-*/
-
-#ifndef RTS_COMPLEX
-#define RTS_COMPLEX
-
-#include "../cuda/callable.h"
-#include <cmath>
-#include <string>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <iostream>
-
-namespace stim
-{
-
-template <class T>
-struct complex
-{
-    T r, i;
-
-    //default constructor
-    CUDA_CALLABLE complex()
-    {
-        r = 0;
-	   i = 0;
-    }
-
-    //constructor when given real and imaginary values
-    CUDA_CALLABLE complex(T r, T i = 0)
-    {
-        this->r = r;
-        this->i = i;
-    }
-
-	//access methods
-	CUDA_CALLABLE T real()
-	{
-		return r;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE T real(T r_val)
-	{
-		r = r_val;
-		return r_val;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE T imag()
-	{
-		return i;
-	}
-	CUDA_CALLABLE T imag(T i_val)
-	{
-		i = i_val;
-		return i_val;
-	}
-
-    
-
-    //return the current value multiplied by i
-    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> imul()
-    {
-        complex<T> result;
-        result.r = -i;
-        result.i = r;
-
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    //returns the complex signum (-1, 0, 1)
-    CUDA_CALLABLE int sgn(){
-        if(r > 0) return 1;
-        else if(r < 0) return -1;
-        else return (0 < i - i < 0);
-    }
-
-	//ARITHMETIC OPERATORS--------------------
-
-    //binary + operator (returns the result of adding two complex values)
-    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator+ (const complex<T> rhs) const
-    {
-        complex<T> result;
-        result.r = r + rhs.r;
-        result.i = i + rhs.i;
-        return result;
-    }
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator+ (const T rhs) const
-    {
-        complex<T> result;
-        result.r = r + rhs;
-        result.i = i;
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    //binary - operator (returns the result of adding two complex values)
-    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator- (const complex<T> rhs) const
-    {
-        complex<T> result;
-        result.r = r - rhs.r;
-        result.i = i - rhs.i;
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    //binary - operator (returns the result of adding two complex values)
-    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator- (const T rhs)
-    {
-        complex<T> result;
-        result.r = r - rhs;
-        result.i = i;
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    //binary MULTIPLICATION operators (returns the result of multiplying complex values)
-    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator* (const complex<T> rhs) const
-    {
-        complex<T> result;
-        result.r = r * rhs.r - i * rhs.i;
-        result.i = r * rhs.i + i * rhs.r;
-        return result;
-    }
-    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator* (const T rhs)
-    {
-        return complex<T>(r * rhs, i * rhs);
-    }
-
-    //binary DIVISION operators (returns the result of dividing complex values)
-    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator/ (const complex<T> rhs) const
-    {
-        complex<T> result;
-        T denom = rhs.r * rhs.r + rhs.i * rhs.i;
-        result.r = (r * rhs.r + i * rhs.i) / denom;
-        result.i = (- r * rhs.i + i * rhs.r) / denom;
-
-        return result;
-    }
-    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator/ (const T rhs)
-    {
-        return complex<T>(r / rhs, i / rhs);
-    }
-
-    //ASSIGNMENT operators-----------------------------------
-    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> & operator=(const complex<T> &rhs)
-    {
-        //check for self-assignment
-        if(this != &rhs)
-        {
-            this->r = rhs.r;
-            this->i = rhs.i;
-        }
-        return *this;
-    }
-    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> & operator=(const T &rhs)
-    {
-        	this->r = rhs;
-        	this->i = 0;
-
-		return *this;
-    }
-
-    //arithmetic assignment operators
-    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator+=(const complex<T> &rhs)
-    {
-		*this = *this + rhs;
-        	return *this;
-    }
-    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator+=(const T &rhs)
-    {
-		*this = *this + rhs;
-        	return *this;
-    }
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator-=(const complex<T> &rhs)
-    {
-		*this = *this - rhs;
-        	return *this;
-    }
-    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator-=(const T &rhs)
-    {
-		*this = *this - rhs;
-        	return *this;
-    }
-
-    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator*=(const complex<T> &rhs)
-    {
-		*this = *this * rhs;
-        	return *this;
-    }
-	CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator*=(const T &rhs)
-    {
-		*this = *this * rhs;
-        	return *this;
-    }
-	//divide and assign
-	CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator/=(const complex<T> &rhs)
-    {
-		*this = *this / rhs;
-        	return *this;
-    }
-    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator/=(const T &rhs)
-    {
-		*this = *this / rhs;
-        	return *this;
-    }
-
-    //absolute value operator (returns the absolute value of the complex number)
-	CUDA_CALLABLE T abs()
-	{
-		return std::sqrt(r * r + i * i);
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> log()
-	{
-		complex<T> result;
-		result.r = (T)std::log(std::sqrt(r * r + i * i));
-		result.i = (T)std::atan2(i, r);
-
-
-		return result;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> exp()
-	{
-		complex<T> result;
-
-		T e_r = std::exp(r);
-		result.r = e_r * (T)std::cos(i);
-		result.i = e_r * (T)std::sin(i);
-
-		return result;
-	}
-
-	/*CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> pow(int y)
-	{
-
-        return pow((double)y);
-	}*/
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> pow(T y)
-	{
-		complex<T> result;
-
-		result = log() * y;
-
-		return result.exp();
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> sqrt()
-	{
-		complex<T> result;
-
-		//convert to polar coordinates
-		T a = std::sqrt(r*r + i*i);
-		T theta = std::atan2(i, r);
-
-		//find the square root
-		T a_p = std::sqrt(a);
-		T theta_p = theta/2.0f;
-
-		//convert back to cartesian coordinates
-		result.r = a_p * std::cos(theta_p);
-		result.i = a_p * std::sin(theta_p);
-
-		return result;
-	}
-
-	std::string str()
-	{
-		std::stringstream ss;
-		ss<<"("<<r<<","<<i<<")";
-
-		return ss.str();
-	}
-
-	//COMPARISON operators
-	CUDA_CALLABLE bool operator==(complex<T> rhs)
-	{
-        if(r == rhs.r && i == rhs.i)
-            return true;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    CUDA_CALLABLE bool operator==(T rhs)
-	{
-        if(r == rhs && i == 0)
-            return true;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    CUDA_CALLABLE bool operator!=(T rhs)
-    {
-        if(r != rhs || i != 0)
-            return true;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    CUDA_CALLABLE bool operator<(complex<T> rhs){
-    	return abs() < rhs.abs();
-    }
-    CUDA_CALLABLE bool operator<=(complex<T> rhs){
-    	return abs() <= rhs.abs();
-    }
-    CUDA_CALLABLE bool operator>(complex<T> rhs){
-    	return abs() > rhs.abs();
-    }
-    CUDA_CALLABLE bool operator >=(complex<T> rhs){
-    	return abs() >= rhs.abs();
-    }
-
-	//CASTING operators
-	template < typename otherT >
-	operator complex<otherT>()
-	{
-		complex<otherT> result((otherT)r, (otherT)i);
-		return result;
-	}
-	template< typename otherT >
-	complex( const complex<otherT> &rhs)
-	{
-		r = (T)rhs.r;
-		i = (T)rhs.i;
-	}
-	template< typename otherT >
-	complex& operator=(const complex<otherT> &rhs)
-	{
-		r = (T)rhs.r;
-		i = (T)rhs.i;
-		return *this;
-	}
-
-};
-
-}	//end RTS namespace
-
-//addition
-template<typename T>
-CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<T> operator+(const double a, const stim::complex<T> b)
-{
-    return stim::complex<T>((T)a + b.r, b.i);
-}
-
-//subtraction with a real value
-template<typename T>
-CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<T> operator-(const double a, const stim::complex<T> b)
-{
-    return stim::complex<T>((T)a - b.r, -b.i);
-}
-
-//minus sign
-template<typename T>
-CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<T> operator-(const stim::complex<T> &rhs)
-{
-    return stim::complex<T>(-rhs.r, -rhs.i);
-}
-
-//multiply a T value by a complex value
-template<typename T>
-CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<T> operator*(const double a, const stim::complex<T> b)
-{
-    return stim::complex<T>((T)a * b.r, (T)a * b.i);
-}
-
-//divide a T value by a complex value
-template<typename T>
-CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<T> operator/(const double a, const stim::complex<T> b)
-{
-    stim::complex<T> result;
-
-    T denom = b.r * b.r + b.i * b.i;
-
-    result.r = ((T)a * b.r) / denom;
-    result.i = -((T)a * b.i) / denom;
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-
-template<typename T>
-CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<T> pow(stim::complex<T> x, T y)
-{
-	return x.pow(y);
-}
-template<typename T>
-CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<T> pow(stim::complex<T> x, int y)
-{
-	return x.pow(y);
-}
-
-//log function
-template<typename T>
-CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<T> log(stim::complex<T> x)
-{
-	return x.log();
-}
-
-//exp function
-template<typename T>
-CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<T> exp(stim::complex<T> x)
-{
-	return x.exp();
-}
-
-//sqrt function
-template<typename T>
-CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<T> sqrt(stim::complex<T> x)
-{
-	return x.sqrt();
-}
-
-
-template <typename T>
-CUDA_CALLABLE static T abs(stim::complex<T> a)
-{
-    return a.abs();
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-CUDA_CALLABLE static T real(stim::complex<T> a)
-{
-    return a.r;
-}
-
-//template <typename T>
-CUDA_CALLABLE static float real(float a)
-{
-    return a;
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-CUDA_CALLABLE static T imag(stim::complex<T> a)
-{
-    return a.i;
-}
-
-//trigonometric functions
-//template<class A>
-/*CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<float> sinf(const stim::complex<float> x)
-{
-	stim::complex<float> result;
-	result.r = sinf(x.r) * coshf(x.i);
-	result.i = cosf(x.r) * sinhf(x.i);
-
-	return result;
-}*/
-
-template<class A>
-CUDA_CALLABLE stim::complex<A> sin(const stim::complex<A> x)
-{
-	stim::complex<A> result;
-	result.r = (A)std::sin(x.r) * (A)std::cosh(x.i);
-	result.i = (A)std::cos(x.r) * (A)std::sinh(x.i);
-
-	return result;
-}
-
-//floating point template
-//template<class A>
-/*CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<float> cosf(const stim::complex<float> x)
-{
-	stim::complex<float> result;
-	result.r = cosf(x.r) * coshf(x.i);
-	result.i = -(sinf(x.r) * sinhf(x.i));
-
-	return result;
-}*/
-
-template<class A>
-CUDA_CALLABLE stim::complex<A> cos(const stim::complex<A> x)
-{
-	stim::complex<A> result;
-	result.r = (A)std::cos(x.r) * (A)std::cosh(x.i);
-	result.i = -((A)std::sin(x.r) * (A)std::sinh(x.i));
-
-	return result;
-}
-
-
-template<class A>
-std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, stim::complex<A> x)
-{
-    os<<x.str();
-    return os;
-}
-
-template<class A>
-std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, stim::complex<A>& x)
-{
-    A r, i;
-	r = i = 0;		//initialize the real and imaginary parts to zero
-    is>>r;			//parse
-    is>>i;
-
-    x.real(r);		//assign the parsed values to x
-    x.imag(i);
-
-    return is;		//return the stream
-}
-
-//#if __GNUC__ > 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ > 7
-//template<class T> using rtsComplex = stim::complex<T>;
-//#endif
-
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/math/complexfield.cuh b/math/complexfield.cuh
deleted file mode 100644
index 81488cf..0000000
--- a/math/complexfield.cuh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef	RTS_COMPLEXFIELD_H
-#define RTS_COMPLEXFIELD_H
-
-#include "cublas_v2.h"
-#include <cuda_runtime.h>
-
-#include "../math/field.cuh"
-#include "../math/complex.h"
-#include "../math/realfield.cuh"
-
-namespace stim{
-
-template<typename T>
-__global__ void gpu_complexfield_mag(T* dest, complex<T>* source, unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1){
-
-	int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-	int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
-
-	//make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
-	if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
-
-	//compute the index into the field
-	int i = iv*r0 + iu;
-
-	//calculate and store the result
-	dest[i] = source[i].abs();
-}
-
-/*This class stores functions for saving images of complex fields
-*/
-template<typename T, unsigned int D = 1>
-class complexfield : public field< stim::complex<T>, D >{
-	using field< stim::complex<T>, D >::R;
-	using field< stim::complex<T>, D >::X;
-	using field< stim::complex<T>, D >::shape;
-	using field< stim::complex<T>, D >::cuda_params;
-
-	
-
-public:
-
-	//find the maximum value of component n
-	stim::complex<T> find_max(unsigned int n){
-		cublasStatus_t stat;
-		cublasHandle_t handle;
-
-		//create a CUBLAS handle
-		stat = cublasCreate(&handle);
-		if(stat != CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS){
-			std::cout<<"CUBLAS Error: initialization failed"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-
-		int L = R[0] * R[1];    //compute the number of discrete points in a slice
-		int index;				//result of the max operation
-		stim::complex<T> result;
-
-		if(sizeof(T) == 8)
-			stat = cublasIcamax(handle, L, (const cuComplex*)X[n], 1, &index);
-		else
-			stat = cublasIzamax(handle, L, (const cuDoubleComplex*)X[n], 1, &index);
-
-		index -= 1;        //adjust for 1-based indexing
-
-		//if there was a GPU error, terminate
-		if(stat != CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS){
-			std::cout<<"CUBLAS Error: failure finding maximum value."<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-
-		//retrieve the maximum value for this slice and store it in the maxVal array
-		std::cout<<X[n]<<std::endl;
-		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(&result, X[n] + index, sizeof(stim::complex<T>), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost));
-		return result;
-	}
-
-public:
-
-	enum attribute {magnitude, real, imaginary};
-
-	//constructor (no parameters)
-	complexfield() : field<stim::complex<T>, D>(){};
-
-	//constructor (resolution specified)
-	complexfield(unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1) : field<stim::complex<T>, D>(r0, r1){};
-
-	//assignment from a field of complex values
-	complexfield & operator=(const field< stim::complex<T>, D > rhs){
-		field< complex<T>, D >::operator=(rhs);
-		return *this;
-	}
-
-	//assignment operator (scalar value)
-	complexfield & operator= (const complex<T> rhs){
-
-		field< complex<T>, D >::operator=(rhs);
-		return *this;
-	}
-
-	//assignment operator (vector value)
-	complexfield & operator= (const vec< complex<T>, D > rhs){
-
-		field< complex<T>, D >::operator=(rhs);
-		return *this;
-	}
-
-	//cropping
-	complexfield crop(unsigned int width, unsigned int height){
-
-		complexfield<T, D> result;
-		result = field< complex<T>, D>::crop(width, height);
-		return result;
-	}
-
-	void toImage(std::string filename, attribute type = magnitude, unsigned int n=0){
-
-		field<T, 1> rf(R[0], R[1]);
-
-		//get cuda parameters
-		dim3 blocks, grids;
-		cuda_params(grids, blocks);
-
-		if(type == magnitude){
-			gpu_complexfield_mag <<<grids, blocks>>> (rf.ptr(), X[n], R[0], R[1]);
-			rf.toImage(filename, n, true);
-		}
-
-	}
-
-
-};
-
-
-}	//end namespace rts
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/math/constants.h b/math/constants.h
deleted file mode 100644
index d333887..0000000
--- a/math/constants.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_CONSTANTS_H
-#define RTS_CONSTANTS_H
-
-#define stimPI 	3.14159
-#define stimTAU	2 * rtsPI
-
-#endif
diff --git a/math/field.cuh b/math/field.cuh
deleted file mode 100644
index 1a3a2ab..0000000
--- a/math/field.cuh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,343 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_FIELD_CUH
-#define RTS_FIELD_CUH
-
-#include <vector>
-#include <string>
-#include <sstream>
-
-#include "cublas_v2.h"
-#include <cuda_runtime.h>
-
-#include "../math/rect.h"
-#include "../cuda/threads.h"
-#include "../cuda/error.h"
-#include "../cuda/devices.h"
-#include "../visualization/colormap.h"
-
-
-namespace stim{
-
-//multiply R = X * Y
-template<typename T>
-__global__ void gpu_field_multiply(T* R, T* X, T* Y, unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1){
-
-	int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-    int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
-
-    //make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
-    if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
-
-    //compute the index into the field
-    int i = iv*r0 + iu;
-
-    //calculate and store the result
-    R[i] = X[i] * Y[i];
-}
-
-//assign a constant value to all points
-template<typename T>
-__global__ void gpu_field_assign(T* ptr, T val, unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1){
-
-	int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-	int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
-
-	//make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
-	if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
-
-	//compute the index into the field
-	int i = iv*r0 + iu;
-
-	//calculate and store the result
-	ptr[i] = val;
-}
-
-//crop the field to the new dimensions (width x height)
-template<typename T>
-__global__ void gpu_field_crop(T* dest, T* source, 
-								unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1, 
-								unsigned int width, unsigned int height){
-
-	int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-    int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
-
-    //make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
-    if(iu >= width || iv >= height) return;
-
-    //compute the index into the field
-    int is = iv*r0 + iu;
-    int id = iv*width + iu;
-
-    //calculate and store the result
-    dest[id] = source[is];
-}
-
-template<typename T, unsigned int D = 1>
-class field{
-
-protected:
-
-	T* X[D];			//pointer to the field data
-	unsigned int R[2];	//field resolution
-	stim::rect<T> shape;		//position and shape of the field slice
-
-	//calculates the optimal block and grid sizes using information from the GPU
-	void cuda_params(dim3& grids, dim3& blocks){
-		int maxThreads = stim::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
-		int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
-
-		//create one thread for each detector pixel
-		blocks = dim3(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
-		grids = dim3((R[0] + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (R[1] + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
-	}
-
-	//find the maximum value of component n
-	T find_max(unsigned int n){
-		cublasStatus_t stat;
-		cublasHandle_t handle;
-
-		//create a CUBLAS handle
-		stat = cublasCreate(&handle);
-		if(stat != CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS){
-			std::cout<<"CUBLAS Error: initialization failed"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-
-		int L = R[0] * R[1];    //compute the number of discrete points in a slice
-		int index;				//result of the max operation
-		T result;
-
-		if(sizeof(T) == 4)
-			stat = cublasIsamax(handle, L, (const float*)X[n], 1, &index);
-		else
-			stat = cublasIdamax(handle, L, (const double*)X[n], 1, &index);
-
-		index -= 1;        //adjust for 1-based indexing
-
-		//if there was a GPU error, terminate
-		if(stat != CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS){
-			std::cout<<"CUBLAS Error: failure finding maximum value."<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-
-		//retrieve the maximum value for this slice and store it in the maxVal array
-		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(&result, X[n] + index, sizeof(T), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost));
-		return result;
-	}
-
-public:
-
-	//returns a list of file names given an input string with wild cards
-	std::vector<std::string> process_filename(std::string name){
-		std::stringstream ss(name);
-		std::string item;
-		std::vector<std::string> elems;
-		while(std::getline(ss, item, '.'))      //split the string at the '.' character (filename and extension)
-		{
-		    elems.push_back(item);
-		}
-
-		std::string prefix = elems[0];                      //prefix contains the filename (with wildcard '?' characters)
-		std::string ext = elems[1];                         //file extension (ex. .bmp, .png)
-		ext = std::string(".") + ext;           //add a period back into the extension
-
-		size_t i0 = prefix.find_first_of("?");  //find the positions of the first and last wildcard ('?'')
-		size_t i1 = prefix.find_last_of("?");
-
-		std::string postfix = prefix.substr(i1+1);
-		prefix = prefix.substr(0, i0);
-
-		unsigned int digits = i1 - i0 + 1;                   //compute the number of wildcards
-
-		std::vector<std::string> flist;			//create a vector of file names
-		//fill the list
-		for(unsigned int d=0; d<D; d++){
-			std::stringstream ss;            //assemble the file name
-			ss<<prefix<<std::setfill('0')<<std::setw(digits)<<d<<postfix<<ext;
-			flist.push_back(ss.str());
-		}
-
-		return flist;
-	}
-
-	void init(){
-		for(unsigned int n=0; n<D; n++)
-			X[n] = NULL;
-	}
-	void destroy(){
-		for(unsigned int n=0; n<D; n++)
-			if(X[n] != NULL)
-				HANDLE_ERROR(cudaFree(X[n]));
-	}
-
-public:
-	//field constructor
-	field(){
-		R[0] = R[1] = 0;
-		init();
-	}
-
-	field(unsigned int x, unsigned int y){
-        //set the resolution
-        R[0] = x;
-        R[1] = y;
-		//allocate memory on the GPU
-		for(unsigned int n=0; n<D; n++){
-			HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc( (void**)&X[n], sizeof(T) * R[0] * R[1] ));
-		}
-		clear();		//zero the field
-    }
-
-    ///copy constructor
-	field(const field &rhs){
-		//first make a shallow copy
-		R[0] = rhs.R[0];
-		R[1] = rhs.R[1];
-
-		for(unsigned int n=0; n<D; n++){
-			//do we have to make a deep copy?
-			if(rhs.X[n] == NULL)
-				X[n] = NULL;		//no
-			else{
-				//allocate the necessary memory
-				HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc(&X[n], sizeof(T) * R[0] * R[1]));
-
-				//copy the slice
-				HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(X[n], rhs.X[n], sizeof(T) * R[0] * R[1], cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice));
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	~field(){
-		destroy();
-    }
-
-    //assignment operator
-	field & operator= (const field & rhs){
-
-        //de-allocate any existing GPU memory
-        destroy();
-
-        //copy the slice resolution
-        R[0] = rhs.R[0];
-        R[1] = rhs.R[1];
-
-		for(unsigned int n=0; n<D; n++)
-		{
-			//allocate the necessary memory
-			HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc(&X[n], sizeof(T) * R[0] * R[1]));
-			//copy the slice
-			HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(X[n], rhs.X[n], sizeof(T) * R[0] * R[1], cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice));
-		}
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    field & operator= (const T rhs){
-
-    	int maxThreads = stim::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
-        int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
-
-        //create one thread for each detector pixel
-        dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
-        dim3 dimGrid((R[0] + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (R[1] + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
-
-        //assign the constant value to all positions and dimensions
-        for(int n=0; n<D; n++)
-        	stim::gpu_field_assign <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (X[n], rhs, R[0], R[1]);
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    //assignment of vector component
-    field & operator= (const vec<T, D> rhs){
-
-    	int maxThreads = stim::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
-        int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
-
-        //create one thread for each detector pixel
-        dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
-        dim3 dimGrid((R[0] + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (R[1] + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
-
-        //assign the constant value to all positions and dimensions
-        for(unsigned int n=0; n<D; n++)
-        	stim::gpu_field_assign <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (X[n], rhs.v[n], R[0], R[1]);
-
-        return *this;
-
-    }
-
-    //multiply two fields (element-wise multiplication)
-    field<T, D> operator* (const field & rhs){
-
-    	int maxThreads = stim::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
-        int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
-
-        //create one thread for each detector pixel
-        dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
-        dim3 dimGrid((R[0] + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (R[1] + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
-
-        //create a scalar field to store the result
-        field<T, D> result(R[0], R[1]);
-
-        for(int n=0; n<D; n++)
-        	stim::gpu_field_multiply <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (result.X[n], X[n], rhs.X[n], R[0], R[1]);
-
-        return result;
-    }
-
-	T* ptr(unsigned int n = 0){
-		if(n < D)
-			return X[n];
-		else return NULL;
-	}
-
-	//return the vector component at position (u, v)
-	vec<T, D> get(unsigned int u, unsigned int v){
-
-		vec<T, D> result;
-		for(unsigned int d=0; d<D; d++){
-			HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(&result[d], X[d] + v*R[0] + u, sizeof(T), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost));
-		}
-
-		return result;
-	}
-
-	//set all components of the field to zero
-	void clear(){
-		for(unsigned int n=0; n<D; n++)
-			if(X[n] != NULL)
-				HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemset(X[n], 0, sizeof(T) * R[0] * R[1]));
-    }
-
-    //crop the field
-    field<T, D> crop(unsigned int width, unsigned int height){
-    	int maxThreads = stim::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
-        int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
-
-        //create one thread for each detector pixel
-        dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
-        dim3 dimGrid((width + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (height + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
-
-        //create a scalar field to store the result
-        field<T, D> result(width, height);
-
-        for(int n=0; n<D; n++)
-        	stim::gpu_field_crop <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (result.X[n], X[n], R[0], R[1], width, height);
-
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    //save an image representing component n
-    void toImage(std::string filename, unsigned int n = 0,
-    			 bool positive = false, stim::colormapType cmap = stim::cmBrewer){
-    	T max_val = find_max(n);	//find the maximum value
-
-    	if(positive)				//if the field is positive, use the range [0 max_val]
-    		stim::gpu2image<T>(X[n], filename, R[0], R[1], 0, max_val, cmap);
-    	else
-    		stim::gpu2image<T>(X[n], filename, R[0], R[1], -max_val, max_val, cmap);
-    }
-
-};
-
-}		//end namespace rts
-#endif
diff --git a/math/function.h b/math/function.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 033337d..0000000
--- a/math/function.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,236 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_FUNCTION_H
-#define RTS_FUNCTION_H
-
-#include <string>
-
-namespace stim{
-
-//template class for a one-dimensional function
-template <class Tx, class Ty>
-class function
-{
-protected:
-
-	std::vector<Tx> X;
-	std::vector<Ty> Y;
-	Ty range[2];
-	Ty bounding[2];
-
-	//comparison function for searching lambda
-	static bool findCeiling(Tx ax, Tx bx){
-	    return (ax > bx);
-	}
-
-	//process a string to extract a function (generally delimited by tabs, commas, spaces, etc.)
-	void process_string(std::string s){
-		std::stringstream ss(s);
-
-		Tx x;
-		Ty y;
-		std::string line;
-
-		while(!ss.eof()){
-			
-			std::getline(ss, line);
-			if(line[0] == '#') continue;
-
-			std::stringstream lstream(line);
-
-			lstream>>x;			//read the x value
-			lstream>>y;			//read the y value
-
-			if(ss.eof()) break;
-			insert(x, y);			//insert the read value into the function
-		}	
-	}
-
-	void update_range(Ty y){
-		//if the function is empty, just set the range to the given value
-		if(X.size() == 0){
-			range[0] = range[1] = y;
-		}
-
-		//otherwise compare the values and set them appropriately
-		if(y < range[0]) range[0] = y;
-		if(y > range[1]) range[1] = y;
-	}
-
-
-public:
-	function(){
-		range[0] = range[1] = 0;
-		bounding[0] = bounding[1] = 0;
-	}
-
-	//linear interpolation
-	Ty linear(Tx x) const
-	{
-		if(X.size() == 0)	return bounding[0];	//return zero if the function is empty
-		//return bounding values if x is outside the sample domain
-		if(x < X[0]) return bounding[0];
-		if(x > X.back()) return bounding[1];
-
-		unsigned int N = X.size();			//number of sample points
-
-		//declare an iterator
-		typedef typename std::vector< Tx >::iterator f_iter;	//declare an iterator
-		f_iter it;
-
-		//find the first X-coordinate that is greater than x
-		unsigned int i;
-		for(i = 0; i<N; i++){
-			if(X[i] > x)
-				break;
-		}
-		//i currently holds the ceiling
-
-		//if the wavelength is past the end of the list, return the last sample point
-		if(i == N) return Y.back();
-		//if the wavelength is before the beginning of the list, return the front
-		else if(i == 0) return Y[0];
-		//otherwise interpolate
-		else{
-		    Tx xMax = X[i];
-		    Tx xMin = X[i-1];
-
-		    Tx a = (x - xMin) / (xMax - xMin);
-		    Ty riMin = Y[i - 1];
-		    Ty riMax = Y[i];
-		    Ty interp = riMax * a + riMin * (1 - a);
-		    return interp;
-		}
-	}
-
-	///add a data point to a function
-	void insert(Tx x, Ty y)
-	{
-		unsigned int N = X.size();		//number of sample points
-
-		update_range(y);			//update the range of the function
-
-		if(N == 0 || X[N-1] < x){
-			X.push_back(x);
-			Y.push_back(y);
-			return;
-		}
-
-		//declare an iterator and search for the x value
-        typename std::vector< Tx >::iterator it;		
-        it = search(X.begin(), X.end(), &x, &x + 1, &function<Tx, Ty>::findCeiling);
-
-        //if the function value is past the end of the vector, add it to the back
-        if(*it == N){
-        	X.push_back(x);
-        	Y.push_back(y);
-        }
-        //otherwise add the value at the iterator position
-        else{
-			X.insert(it, x);
-			Y.insert(Y.begin() + *it, y);
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	Tx getX(unsigned int i) const{
-		return X[i];
-	}
-
-	Ty getY(unsigned int i) const{
-		return Y[i];
-	}
-
-	///get the number of data points in the function
-	unsigned int getN() const{
-		return X.size();
-	}
-
-	//look up an indexed component
-	Ty operator[](int i) const{
-		if(i <= X.size()){
-			std::cout<<"ERROR: accessing non-existing sample point in 'function'"<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		return Y[i];
-	}
-
-	///linear interpolation
-	Tx operator()(Tx x) const{
-		return linear(x);
-	}
-
-	//add a constant to the function
-	function<Tx, Ty> operator+(Ty r) const{
-
-		function<Tx, Ty> result;
-
-		//if there are points in the function
-		if(X.size() > 0){
-			//add r to every point in f
-			for(unsigned int i=0; i<X.size(); i++){
-				result.X.push_back(X[i]);
-				result.Y.push_back(Y[i] + r);
-			}
-		}
-		else{
-			result = r;
-		}
-
-		return result;
-	}
-
-	function<Tx, Ty> & operator= (const Ty & rhs){		
-		X.clear();
-		Y.clear();
-		bounding[0] = bounding[1] = rhs;	//set the boundary values to rhs
-		if(rhs != 0)						//if the RHS is zero, just clear, otherwise add one value of RHS
-			insert(0, rhs);
-
-		return *this;
-	}
-
-
-	//output a string description of the function (used for console output and debugging)
-	std::string str(){
-		unsigned int N = X.size();
-
-		std::stringstream ss;
-		ss<<"# of samples: "<<N<<std::endl;
-
-		if(N == 0) return ss.str();
-
-		ss<<"domain: ["<<X[0]<<", "<<X[X.size()-1]<<"]"<<std::endl;
-		ss<<"range: ["<<range[0]<<", "<<range[1]<<"]"<<std::endl;
-
-
-		return ss.str();
-
-	}
-	std::string str_vals(){
-		std::stringstream ss;
-
-		unsigned int N = X.size();		//number of sample points
-		//output each function value
-		for(unsigned int i = 0; i<N; i++){
-			if(i != 0) ss<<std::endl;
-			ss<<X[i]<<", "<<Y[i];
-		}
-
-		return ss.str();
-
-	}
-
-	void load(std::string filename){
-		std::ifstream t(filename.c_str());
-		std::string str((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(t)),
-		std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
-
-		process_string(str);
-	}
-
-
-};
-
-}	//end namespace rts
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/math/legendre.h b/math/legendre.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 4859740..0000000
--- a/math/legendre.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_LEGENDRE_H
-#define RTS_LEGENDRE_H
-
-#include "rts/cuda/callable.h"
-
-namespace stim{
-
-template <typename T>
-CUDA_CALLABLE void init_legendre(T x, T& P0, T& P1)
-{
-	//compute the first two Legendre polynomials
-	P0 = 1;
-	P1 = x;
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-CUDA_CALLABLE void shift_legendre(int n, T x, T& P0, T& P1)
-{
-	//compute the next (order n) Legendre polynomial
-	T Pnew = ( (2 * n - 1) * x * P1 - (n-1) * P0 ) / n;
-
-	//shift and add the new value to the array
-	P0 = P1;
-	P1 = Pnew;
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-CUDA_CALLABLE void legendre(int n, T x, T* P)
-{
-    P[0] = 1;
-
-    if(n >= 1)
-        P[1] = x;
-
-    for(int i=2; i<=n; i++)
-    {
-        P[i] = ( (2 * i - 1) * x * P[i-1] - (i-1) * P[i-2] ) / i;
-    }
-
-}
-
-}
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/math/matrix.h b/math/matrix.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 9c039e1..0000000
--- a/math/matrix.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_MATRIX_H
-#define RTS_MATRIX_H
-
-//#include "rts/vector.h"
-#include <string.h>
-#include <iostream>
-#include "vector.h"
-#include "../cuda/callable.h"
-
-namespace stim{
-
-template <class T, int N>
-struct matrix
-{
-	//the matrix will be stored in column-major order (compatible with OpenGL)
-	T M[N*N];
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE matrix()
-	{
-		for(int r=0; r<N; r++)
-			for(int c=0; c<N; c++)
-				if(r == c)
-					(*this)(r, c) = 1;
-				else
-					(*this)(r, c) = 0;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE T& operator()(int row, int col)
-	{
-		return M[col * N + row];
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE matrix<T, N> operator=(T rhs)
-	{
-		int Nsq = N*N;
-		for(int i=0; i<Nsq; i++)
-			M[i] = rhs;
-
-		return *this;
-	}
-
-	template<typename Y>
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<Y, N> operator*(vec<Y, N> rhs)
-	{
-		vec<Y, N> result;
-
-		for(int r=0; r<N; r++)
-			for(int c=0; c<N; c++)
-				result[r] += (*this)(r, c) * rhs[c];
-
-		return result;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE std::string toStr()
-	{
-		std::stringstream ss;
-
-		for(int r = 0; r < N; r++)
-		{
-			ss<<"| ";
-			for(int c=0; c<N; c++)
-			{
-				ss<<(*this)(r, c)<<" ";
-			}
-			ss<<"|"<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		return ss.str();
-	}
-
-
-
-
-};
-
-}	//end namespace rts
-
-template <typename T, int N>
-std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, stim::matrix<T, N> M)
-{
-    os<<M.toStr();
-    return os;
-}
-
-//#if __GNUC__ > 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ > 7
-//template<class T, int N> using rtsMatrix = rts::matrix<T, N>;
-//#endif
-
-#endif
diff --git a/math/plane.h b/math/plane.h
deleted file mode 100644
index e384ef0..0000000
--- a/math/plane.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,179 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_PLANE_H
-#define RTS_PLANE_H
-
-#include <iostream>
-#include "../math/vector.h"
-#include "rts/cuda/callable.h"
-
-
-namespace stim{
-template <typename T, int D> class plane;
-}
-
-template <typename T, int D>
-CUDA_CALLABLE stim::plane<T, D> operator-(stim::plane<T, D> v);
-
-namespace stim{
-
-template <class T, int D = 3>
-class plane{
-
-	//a plane is defined by a point and a normal
-
-private:
-
-	vec<T, D> P;	//point on the plane
-	vec<T, D> N;	//plane normal
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE void init(){
-		P = vec<T, D>(0, 0, 0);
-		N = vec<T, D>(0, 0, 1);
-	}
-
-
-public:
-
-	//default constructor
-	CUDA_CALLABLE plane(){
-		init();
-	}
-	
-	CUDA_CALLABLE plane(vec<T, D> n, vec<T, D> p = vec<T, D>(0, 0, 0)){
-		P = p;
-		N = n.norm();
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE plane(T z_pos){
-		init();
-		P[2] = z_pos;
-	}
-
-	//create a plane from three points (a triangle)
-	CUDA_CALLABLE plane(vec<T, D> a, vec<T, D> b, vec<T, D> c){
-		P = c;
-		N = (c - a).cross(b - a);
-		if(N.len() == 0)	//handle the degenerate case when two vectors are the same, N = 0
-			N = 0;
-		else
-			N = N.norm();
-	}
-
-	template< typename U >
-	CUDA_CALLABLE operator plane<U, D>(){
-
-		plane<U, D> result(N, P);
-		return result;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, D> norm(){
-		return N;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, D> p(){
-		return P;
-	}
-
-	//flip the plane front-to-back
-	CUDA_CALLABLE plane<T, D> flip(){
-		plane<T, D> result = *this;
-		result.N = -result.N;
-		return result;
-	}
-
-	//determines how a vector v intersects the plane (1 = intersects front, 0 = within plane, -1 = intersects back)
-	CUDA_CALLABLE int face(vec<T, D> v){
-		
-		T dprod = v.dot(N);		//get the dot product between v and N
-
-		//conditional returns the appropriate value
-		if(dprod < 0)
-			return 1;
-		else if(dprod > 0)
-			return -1;
-		else
-			return 0;
-	}
-
-	//determine on which side of the plane a point lies (1 = front, 0 = on the plane, -1 = back)
-	CUDA_CALLABLE int side(vec<T, D> p){
-
-		vec<T, D> v = p - P;	//get the vector from P to the query point p
-
-		return face(v);
-	}
-
-	//compute the component of v that is perpendicular to the plane
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, D> perpendicular(vec<T, D> v){
-		return N * v.dot(N);
-	}
-
-	//compute the projection of v in the plane
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, D> parallel(vec<T, D> v){
-		return v - perpendicular(v);
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE void decompose(vec<T, D> v, vec<T, D>& para, vec<T, D>& perp){
-		perp = N * v.dot(N);
-		para = v - perp;
-	}
-
-	//get both the parallel and perpendicular components of a vector v w.r.t. the plane
-	CUDA_CALLABLE void project(vec<T, D> v, vec<T, D> &v_par, vec<T, D> &v_perp){
-
-		v_perp = v.dot(N);
-		v_par = v - v_perp;
-	}
-
-	//compute the reflection of v off of the plane
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, D> reflect(vec<T, D> v){
-
-		//compute the reflection using N_prime as the plane normal
-		vec<T, D> par = parallel(v);
-		vec<T, D> r = (-v) + par * 2;
-
-		/*std::cout<<"----------------REFLECT-----------------------------"<<std::endl;
-		std::cout<<str()<<std::endl;
-		std::cout<<"v: "<<v<<std::endl;
-		std::cout<<"r: "<<r<<std::endl;
-		std::cout<<"Perpendicular: "<<perpendicular(v)<<std::endl;
-		std::cout<<"Parallel: "<<par<<std::endl;*/
-		return r;
-
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE rts::plane<T, D> operator-()
-	{
-		rts::plane<T, D> p = *this;
-
-		//negate the normal vector
-		p.N = -p.N;
-
-		return p;
-	}
-
-	//output a string
-	std::string str(){
-		std::stringstream ss;
-		ss<<"P: "<<P<<std::endl;
-		ss<<"N: "<<N;
-		return ss.str();
-	}
-
-	///////Friendship
-	//friend CUDA_CALLABLE rts::plane<T, D> operator- <> (rts::plane<T, D> v);
-
-
-
-};
-
-}
-
-//arithmetic operators
-
-//negative operator flips the plane (front to back)
-//template <typename T, int D>
-
-
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/math/quad.h b/math/quad.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 628b982..0000000
--- a/math/quad.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,186 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_QUAD_H
-#define RTS_QUAD_H
-
-//enable CUDA_CALLABLE macro
-#include "../cuda/callable.h"
-#include "../math/vector.h"
-#include "../math/triangle.h"
-#include "../math/quaternion.h"
-#include <iostream>
-#include <iomanip>
-#include <algorithm>
-
-namespace stim{
-
-//template for a quadangle class in ND space
-template <class T, int N = 3>
-struct quad
-{
-	/*
-		B------------------>C
-		^                   ^
-		|                   |
-		Y                   |
-		|                   |
-		|                   |
-		A---------X-------->O
-	*/
-
-	/*T A[N];
-	T B[N];
-	T C[N];*/
-
-	rts::vec<T, N> A;
-	rts::vec<T, N> X;
-	rts::vec<T, N> Y;
-
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE quad()
-	{
-
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE quad(vec<T, N> a, vec<T, N> b, vec<T, N> c)
-	{
-
-		A = a;		
-		Y = b - a;
-		X = c - a - Y;
-
-	}
-
-	/*******************************************************************
-	Constructor - create a quad from a position, normal, and rotation
-	*******************************************************************/
-	CUDA_CALLABLE quad(rts::vec<T, N> c, rts::vec<T, N> normal, T width, T height, T theta)
-	{
-
-        //compute the X direction - start along world-space X
-        Y = rts::vec<T, N>(0, 1, 0);
-        if(Y == normal)
-            Y = rts::vec<T, N>(0, 0, 1);
-
-        X = Y.cross(normal).norm();
-
-        std::cout<<X<<std::endl;
-
-        //rotate the X axis by theta radians
-        rts::quaternion<T> q;
-        q.CreateRotation(theta, normal);
-        X = q.toMatrix3() * X;
-        Y = normal.cross(X);
-
-        //normalize everything
-        X = X.norm();
-        Y = Y.norm();
-
-        //scale to match the quad width and height
-        X = X * width;
-        Y = Y * height;
-
-        //set the corner of the plane
-        A = c - X * 0.5f - Y * 0.5f;
-
-        std::cout<<X<<std::endl;
-	}
-
-	//boolean comparison
-	bool operator==(const quad<T, N> & rhs)
-	{
-		if(A == rhs.A && X == rhs.X && Y == rhs.Y)
-			return true;
-		else
-			return false;
-	}
-
-	/*******************************************
-	Return the normal for the quad
-	*******************************************/
-	CUDA_CALLABLE rts::vec<T, N> n()
-	{
-        return (X.cross(Y)).norm();
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE rts::vec<T, N> p(T a, T b)
-	{
-		rts::vec<T, N> result;
-		//given the two parameters a, b = [0 1], returns the position in world space
-		result = A + X * a + Y * b;
-
-		return result;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE rts::vec<T, N> operator()(T a, T b)
-	{
-		return p(a, b);
-	}
-
-	std::string str()
-	{
-		std::stringstream ss;
-
-		ss<<std::left<<"B="<<setfill('-')<<setw(20)<<A + Y<<">"<<"C="<<A + Y + X<<std::endl;
-		ss<<setfill(' ')<<setw(23)<<"|"<<"|"<<std::endl<<setw(23)<<"|"<<"|"<<std::endl;
-		ss<<std::left<<"A="<<setfill('-')<<setw(20)<<A<<">"<<"D="<<A + X;
-
-        return ss.str();
-
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE quad<T, N> operator*(T rhs)
-	{
-		//scales the plane by a scalar value
-
-		//compute the center point
-		rts::vec<T, N> c = A + X*0.5f + Y*0.5f;
-
-		//create the new quadangle
-		quad<T, N> result;
-		result.X = X * rhs;
-		result.Y = Y * rhs;
-		result.A = c - result.X*0.5f - result.Y*0.5f;
-
-		return result;
-
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE T dist(vec<T, N> p)
-	{
-        //compute the distance between a point and this quad
-
-        //first break the quad up into two triangles
-        triangle<T, N> T0(A, A+X, A+Y);
-        triangle<T, N> T1(A+X+Y, A+X, A+Y);
-
-
-        T d0 = T0.dist(p);
-        T d1 = T1.dist(p);
-
-        if(d0 < d1)
-            return d0;
-        else
-            return d1;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE T dist_max(vec<T, N> p)
-	{
-        T da = (A - p).len();
-        T db = (A+X - p).len();
-        T dc = (A+Y - p).len();
-        T dd = (A+X+Y - p).len();
-
-        return std::max( da, std::max(db, std::max(dc, dd) ) );
-	}
-};
-
-}	//end namespace rts
-
-template <typename T, int N>
-std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, rts::quad<T, N> R)
-{
-    os<<R.str();
-    return os;
-}
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/math/quaternion.h b/math/quaternion.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 4420658..0000000
--- a/math/quaternion.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,160 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_QUATERNION_H
-#define RTS_QUATERNION_H
-
-#include "../math/matrix.h"
-#include "../cuda/callable.h"
-
-namespace stim{
-
-template<typename T>
-class quaternion
-{
-public:
-	T w;
-	T x;
-	T y;
-	T z;
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE void normalize(){
-
-		double length=sqrt(w*w + x*x + y*y + z*z);
-		w=w/length;
-		x=x/length;
-		y=y/length;
-		z=z/length;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE void CreateRotation(T theta, T ux, T uy, T uz){
-
-		vec<T, 3> u(ux, uy, uz);
-		CreateRotation(theta, u);		
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE void CreateRotation(T theta, vec<T, 3> u){
-
-		vec<T, 3> u_hat = u.norm();
-
-		//assign the given Euler rotation to this quaternion
-		w = (T)cos(theta/2);
-		x = u_hat[0]*(T)sin(theta/2);
-		y = u_hat[1]*(T)sin(theta/2);
-		z = u_hat[2]*(T)sin(theta/2);
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE void CreateRotation(vec<T, 3> from, vec<T, 3> to){
-
-		vec<T> r = from.cross(to);			//compute the rotation vector
-		T theta = asin(r.len());				//compute the angle of the rotation about r
-		//deal with a zero vector (both k and kn point in the same direction)
-		if(theta == (T)0)
-			return;
-
-		//create a quaternion to capture the rotation
-		CreateRotation(theta, r.norm());
-	}
-
-
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE quaternion<T> operator *(quaternion<T> &param){
-
-		float A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H;
-
-
-		A = (w + x)*(param.w + param.x);
-		B = (z - y)*(param.y - param.z);
-		C = (w - x)*(param.y + param.z);
-		D = (y + z)*(param.w - param.x);
-		E = (x + z)*(param.x + param.y);
-		F = (x - z)*(param.x - param.y);
-		G = (w + y)*(param.w - param.z);
-		H = (w - y)*(param.w + param.z);
-
-		quaternion<T> result;
-		result.w = B + (-E - F + G + H) /2;
-		result.x = A - (E + F + G + H)/2;
-		result.y = C + (E - F + G - H)/2;
-		result.z = D + (E - F - G + H)/2;
-
-		return result;
-	}
-	
-	CUDA_CALLABLE matrix<T, 3> toMatrix3(){
-
-		matrix<T, 3> result;
-
-
-	    T wx, wy, wz, xx, yy, yz, xy, xz, zz, x2, y2, z2;
-
-
-	    // calculate coefficients
-	    x2 = x + x; y2 = y + y;
-	    z2 = z + z;
-	    xx = x * x2; xy = x * y2; xz = x * z2;
-	    yy = y * y2; yz = y * z2; zz = z * z2;
-	    wx = w * x2; wy = w * y2; wz = w * z2;
-
-		result(0, 0) = 1 - (yy + zz);
-		result(0, 1) = xy - wz;
-
-		result(0, 2) = xz + wy;
-
-		result(1, 0) = xy + wz;
-		result(1, 1) = 1 - (xx + zz);
-
-		result(1, 2) = yz - wx;
-
-		result(2, 0) = xz - wy;
-		result(2, 1) = yz + wx;
-
-		result(2, 2) = 1 - (xx + yy);
-
-		return result;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE matrix<T, 4> toMatrix4(){
-
-		matrix<T, 4> result;
-	    T wx, wy, wz, xx, yy, yz, xy, xz, zz, x2, y2, z2;
-
-	    // calculate coefficients
-	    x2 = x + x; y2 = y + y;
-	    z2 = z + z;
-	    xx = x * x2; xy = x * y2; xz = x * z2;
-	    yy = y * y2; yz = y * z2; zz = z * z2;
-	    wx = w * x2; wy = w * y2; wz = w * z2;
-
-		result(0, 0) = 1 - (yy + zz);
-		result(0, 1) = xy - wz;
-
-		result(0, 2) = xz + wy;
-
-		result(1, 0) = xy + wz;
-		result(1, 1) = 1 - (xx + zz);
-
-		result(1, 2) = yz - wx;
-
-		result(2, 0) = xz - wy;
-		result(2, 1) = yz + wx;
-
-		result(2, 2) = 1 - (xx + yy);
-
-		result(3, 3) = 1;
-
-		return result;
-	}
-
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE quaternion(){
-		w=0; x=0; y=0; z=0;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE quaternion(T c, T i, T j, T k){
-		w=c;  x=i;  y=j;  z=k;
-	}
-
-};
-
-}	//end rts namespace
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/math/realfield.cuh b/math/realfield.cuh
deleted file mode 100644
index 7d6ce26..0000000
--- a/math/realfield.cuh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,262 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef	RTS_REALFIELD_H
-#define RTS_REALFIELD_H
-
-#include "../visualization/colormap.h"
-#include "../envi/envi.h"
-#include "../math/rect.h"
-#include "../cuda/devices.h"
-#include "cublas_v2.h"
-#include <cuda_runtime.h>
-
-
-namespace stim{
-
-//multiply R = X * Y
-template<typename T>
-__global__ void gpu_realfield_multiply(T* R, T* X, T* Y, unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1){
-
-	int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-    int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
-
-    //make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
-    if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
-
-    //compute the index into the field
-    int i = iv*r0 + iu;
-
-    //calculate and store the result
-    R[i] = X[i] * Y[i];
-
-}
-
-template<typename P, unsigned int N = 1, bool positive = false>
-class realfield{
-
-	P* X[N];		//an array of N gpu pointers for each field component
-	int R[2];		//resolution of the slice
-	rect<P> shape;
-
-	void process_filename(std::string name, std::string &prefix, std::string &postfix, 
-                          std::string &ext, unsigned int &digits)
-    {
-        std::stringstream ss(name);
-        std::string item;
-        std::vector<std::string> elems;
-        while(std::getline(ss, item, '.'))      //split the string at the '.' character (filename and extension)
-        {
-            elems.push_back(item);
-        }
-        
-        prefix = elems[0];                      //prefix contains the filename (with wildcard '?' characters)
-        ext = elems[1];                         //file extension (ex. .bmp, .png)
-        ext = std::string(".") + ext;           //add a period back into the extension
-
-        size_t i0 = prefix.find_first_of("?");  //find the positions of the first and last wildcard ('?'')
-        size_t i1 = prefix.find_last_of("?");
-
-        postfix = prefix.substr(i1+1);
-        prefix = prefix.substr(0, i0);
-
-        digits = i1 - i0 + 1;                   //compute the number of wildcards
-    }
-
-	void init()
-	{
-		for(unsigned int n=0; n<N; n++)
-			X[n] = NULL;
-	}
-	void destroy()
-	{
-		for(unsigned int n=0; n<N; n++)
-			if(X[n] != NULL)
-				HANDLE_ERROR(cudaFree(X[n]));
-	}
-
-public:
-	//field constructor
-	realfield()
-	{
-		R[0] = R[1] = 0;
-		init();
-		//std::cout<<"realfield CONSTRUCTOR"<<std::endl;
-	}
-	realfield(unsigned int x, unsigned int y)
-	{
-        //set the resolution
-        R[0] = x;
-        R[1] = y;
-		//allocate memory on the GPU
-		for(unsigned int n=0; n<N; n++)
-		{
-			HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc( (void**)&X[n], sizeof(P) * R[0] * R[1] ));
-		}
-		//shape = rect<P>(vec<P>(-1, -1, 0), vec<P>(-1, 1, 0), vec<P>(1, 1, 0));	//default geometry
-		clear();		//zero the field
-		//std::cout<<"realfield CONSTRUCTOR"<<std::endl;
-    }
-
-	~realfield()
-    {
-		destroy();
-		//std::cout<<"realfield DESTRUCTOR"<<std::endl;
-    }
-
-	P* ptr(unsigned int n = 0)
-	{
-		if(n < N)
-			return X[n];
-		else return NULL;
-	}
-
-	//set all components of the field to zero
-	void clear()
-    {
-		for(unsigned int n=0; n<N; n++)
-			if(X[n] != NULL)
-				HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemset(X[n], 0, sizeof(P) * R[0] * R[1]));
-    }
-
-	void toImage(std::string filename, unsigned int n, P vmin, P vmax, stim::colormapType cmap = stim::cmBrewer)
-    {
-		stim::gpu2image<P>(X[n], filename, R[0], R[1], vmin, vmax, cmap);
-    }
-
-	void toImages(std::string filename, bool global_max = true, stim::colormapType cmap = stim::cmBrewer)
-	{
-        std::string prefix, postfix, extension;
-        unsigned int digits;
-        process_filename(filename, prefix, postfix, extension, digits);      //process the filename for wild cards
-
-        cublasStatus_t stat;
-        cublasHandle_t handle;
-
-        //create a CUBLAS handle
-        stat = cublasCreate(&handle);
-        if(stat != CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS)
-        {
-            std::cout<<"CUBLAS Error: initialization failed"<<std::endl;
-            exit(1);
-        }
-
-        int L = R[0] * R[1];    //compute the number of discrete points in a slice
-        int result;             //result of the max operation
-
-        P maxVal[N];            //array stores minimum and maximum values
-        P maxAll = 0;           //largest value in the data set
-
-        //compute the maximum value for each vector component
-        for(int n=0; n<N; n++)
-        {
-            if(sizeof(P) == 4)
-                stat = cublasIsamax(handle, L, (const float*)X[n], 1, &result);
-            else
-                stat = cublasIdamax(handle, L, (const double*)X[n], 1, &result);
-
-            result -= 1;        //adjust for 1-based indexing
-
-            if(stat != CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS)   //if there was a GPU error, terminate
-            {
-                std::cout<<"CUBLAS Error: failure finding maximum value."<<std::endl;
-                exit(1);
-            }
-
-            //retrieve the maximum value for this slice and store it in the maxVal array
-            HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(&maxVal[n], X[n] + result, sizeof(P), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost));
-            if(abs(maxVal[n]) > maxAll)          //if maxVal is larger, update the maxAll variable
-                maxAll = maxVal[n];
-
-        }
-        
-        cublasDestroy(handle);  //destroy the CUBLAS handle
-
-        P outputMax = abs(maxAll);			//maximum value used for each output image
-		for(int n=0; n<N; n++)          //for each image
-		{
-			if(!global_max) outputMax = maxVal[n];	//calculate the maximum value for this image
-
-			stringstream ss;            //assemble the file name
-			ss<<prefix<<std::setfill('0')<<std::setw(digits)<<n<<postfix<<extension;
-			std::cout<<ss.str()<<std::endl;
-			if(positive)                //if the image is positive
-				toImage(ss.str(), n, 0, abs(outputMax), cmap);         //save the image using the global maximum
-			else
-				toImage(ss.str(), n, -abs(outputMax), abs(outputMax), cmap);   //save the image using the global maximum
-		}
-	}
-
-	//assignment operator
-	realfield & operator= (const realfield & rhs)
-    {
-        //de-allocate any existing GPU memory
-        destroy();
-
-        //copy the slice resolution
-        R[0] = rhs.R[0];
-        R[1] = rhs.R[1];
-
-		for(unsigned int n=0; n<N; n++)
-		{
-			//allocate the necessary memory
-			HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc(&X[n], sizeof(P) * R[0] * R[1]));
-			//copy the slice
-			HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(X[n], rhs.X[n], sizeof(P) * R[0] * R[1], cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice));
-		}
-        //std::cout<<"Assignment operator."<<std::endl;
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    //multiply two fields (element-wise multiplication)
-    realfield<P, N, positive> operator* (const realfield & rhs){
-
-    	int maxThreads = stim::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
-        int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
-
-        //create one thread for each detector pixel
-        dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
-        dim3 dimGrid((R[0] + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (R[1] + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
-
-        //create a scalar field to store the result
-        realfield<P, N, positive> result(R[0], R[1]);
-
-        for(int n=0; n<N; n++)
-        	stim::gpu_realfield_multiply <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (result.X[n], X[n], rhs.X[n], R[0], R[1]);
-
-        return result;
-    }
-
-	///copy constructor
-	realfield(const realfield &rhs)
-	{
-		//first make a shallow copy
-		R[0] = rhs.R[0];
-		R[1] = rhs.R[1];
-
-		for(unsigned int n=0; n<N; n++)
-		{
-			//do we have to make a deep copy?
-			if(rhs.X[n] == NULL)
-				X[n] = NULL;		//no
-			else
-			{
-				//allocate the necessary memory
-				HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc(&X[n], sizeof(P) * R[0] * R[1]));
-
-				//copy the slice
-				HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(X[n], rhs.X[n], sizeof(P) * R[0] * R[1], cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice));
-			}
-		}
-
-
-	}
-
-
-
-
-};
-
-
-}	//end namespace rts
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/math/rect.h b/math/rect.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 5a155cf..0000000
--- a/math/rect.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,210 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_RECT_H
-#define RTS_RECT_H
-
-//enable CUDA_CALLABLE macro
-#include "../cuda/callable.h"
-#include "../math/vector.h"
-#include "../math/triangle.h"
-#include "../math/quaternion.h"
-#include <iostream>
-#include <iomanip>
-#include <algorithm>
-
-namespace stim{
-
-//template for a rectangle class in ND space
-template <class T, int N = 3>
-struct rect
-{
-	/*
-		^                   O
-		|                   
-		|                   
-		Y         C         
-		|                   
-		|                   
-		O---------X--------->
-	*/
-
-private:
-
-	stim::vec<T, N> C;
-	stim::vec<T, N> X;
-	stim::vec<T, N> Y;
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE void scale(T factor){
-		X *= factor;
-		Y *= factor;
-	}
-	
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE void normal(vec<T, N> n){		//orient the rectangle along the specified normal
-
-		n = n.norm();								//normalize, just in case
-		vec<T, N> n_current = X.cross(Y).norm();	//compute the current normal
-		quaternion<T> q;							//create a quaternion
-		q.CreateRotation(n_current, n);				//initialize a rotation from n_current to n
-
-		//apply the quaternion to the vectors and position
-		X = q.toMatrix3() * X;
-		Y = q.toMatrix3() * Y;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE void init(){
-		C = vec<T, N>(0, 0, 0);
-		X = vec<T, N>(1, 0, 0);
-		Y = vec<T, N>(0, 1, 0);
-	}
-
-public:
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE rect(){
-		init();
-	}
-
-	//create a rectangle given a size and position
-	CUDA_CALLABLE rect(T size, T z_pos = (T)0){
-		init();			//use the default setup
-		scale(size);	//scale the rectangle
-		C[2] = z_pos;
-	}
-
-	//create a rectangle from a center point, normal, and size
-	CUDA_CALLABLE rect(T size, vec<T, N> c, vec<T, N> n = vec<T, N>(0, 0, 1)){
-		init();			//start with the default setting
-		C = c;
-		scale(size);	//scale the rectangle
-		normal(n);		//orient
-	}
-	
-	//create a rectangle from a center point, normal, and size
-	CUDA_CALLABLE rect(vec<T,2> size, vec<T, N> c, vec<T, N> n = vec<T, N>(0, 0, 1)){
-		init();			//start with the default setting
-		C = c;
-		scale(size);	//scale the rectangle
-		normal(n);		//orient
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE rect(vec<T, N> center, vec<T, N> directionX, vec<T, N> directionY )
-	{
-		C = center;
-		X = directionX;
-		Y = directionY;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE rect(vec<T,N> mag, vec<T, N> center, vec<T, N> directionX, vec<T, N> directionY )
-	{	
-		C = center;
-		X = directionX;
-		Y = directionY;
-		scale(mag[0], mag[1]);
-	}
-	
-	CUDA_CALLABLE void scale(T factor1, T factor2){
-		X *= factor1;
-		Y *= factor2;
-	}
-
-	//boolean comparison
-	bool operator==(const rect<T, N> & rhs)
-	{
-		if(C == rhs.C && X == rhs.X && Y == rhs.Y)
-			return true;
-		else
-			return false;
-	}
-
-	/*******************************************
-	Return the normal for the rect
-	*******************************************/
-	CUDA_CALLABLE stim::vec<T, N> n()
-	{
-        return (X.cross(Y)).norm();
-	}
-
-	//get the world space value given the planar coordinates a, b in [0, 1]
-	CUDA_CALLABLE stim::vec<T, N> p(T a, T b)
-	{
-		stim::vec<T, N> result;
-		//given the two parameters a, b = [0 1], returns the position in world space
-		vec<T, N> A = C - X * (T)0.5 - Y * (T)0.5;
-		result = A + X * a + Y * b;
-
-		return result;
-	}
-
-	//parenthesis operator returns the world space given rectangular coordinates a and b in [0 1]
-	CUDA_CALLABLE stim::vec<T, N> operator()(T a, T b)
-	{
-		return p(a, b);
-	}
-
-	std::string str()
-	{
-		std::stringstream ss;
-		vec<T, N> A = C - X * (T)0.5 - Y * (T)0.5;
-		ss<<std::left<<"B="<<std::setfill('-')<<std::setw(20)<<A + Y<<">"<<"C="<<A + Y + X<<std::endl;
-		ss<<std::setfill(' ')<<std::setw(23)<<"|"<<"|"<<std::endl<<std::setw(23)<<"|"<<"|"<<std::endl;
-		ss<<std::left<<"A="<<std::setfill('-')<<std::setw(20)<<A<<">"<<"D="<<A + X;
-
-        return ss.str();
-
-	}
-
-	//scales the rectangle by a value rhs
-	CUDA_CALLABLE rect<T, N> operator*(T rhs)
-	{
-		//scales the plane by a scalar value
-
-		//create the new rectangle
-		rect<T, N> result = *this;
-		result.scale(rhs);
-
-		return result;
-
-	}
-
-	//computes the distance between the specified point and this rectangle
-	CUDA_CALLABLE T dist(vec<T, N> p)
-	{
-        //compute the distance between a point and this rect
-
-		vec<T, N> A = C - X * (T)0.5 - Y * (T)0.5;
-
-        //first break the rect up into two triangles
-        triangle<T, N> T0(A, A+X, A+Y);
-        triangle<T, N> T1(A+X+Y, A+X, A+Y);
-
-
-        T d0 = T0.dist(p);
-        T d1 = T1.dist(p);
-
-        if(d0 < d1)
-            return d0;
-        else
-            return d1;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE T dist_max(vec<T, N> p)
-	{
-		vec<T, N> A = C - X * (T)0.5 - Y * (T)0.5;
-        T da = (A - p).len();
-        T db = (A+X - p).len();
-        T dc = (A+Y - p).len();
-        T dd = (A+X+Y - p).len();
-
-        return std::max( da, std::max(db, std::max(dc, dd) ) );
-	}
-};
-
-}	//end namespace rts
-
-template <typename T, int N>
-std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, stim::rect<T, N> R)
-{
-    os<<R.str();
-    return os;
-}
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/math/triangle.h b/math/triangle.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 76249ea..0000000
--- a/math/triangle.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_TRIANGLE_H
-#define RTS_TRIANGLE_H
-
-//enable CUDA_CALLABLE macro
-#include "../cuda/callable.h"
-#include "../math/vector.h"
-#include <iostream>
-
-namespace stim{
-
-template <class T, int N=3>
-struct triangle
-{
-    /*
-        A------>B
-        |      /
-        |     /
-        |    /
-        |   /
-        |  /
-        | /
-        C
-    */
-    private:
-
-    vec<T, N> A;
-    vec<T, N> B;
-    vec<T, N> C;
-
-    CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> _p(T s, T t)
-    {
-        //This function returns the point specified by p = A + s(B-A) + t(C-A)
-        vec<T, N> E0 = B-A;
-        vec<T, N> E1 = C-A;
-
-        return A + s*E0 + t*E1;
-    }
-
-
-    public:
-
-
-
-    CUDA_CALLABLE triangle()
-	{
-
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE triangle(vec<T, N> a, vec<T, N> b, vec<T, N> c)
-	{
-		A = a;
-		B = b;
-		C = c;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE stim::vec<T, N> operator()(T s, T t)
-	{
-        return _p(s, t);
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> nearest(vec<T, N> p)
-	{
-        //comptue the distance between a point and this triangle
-        //  This code is adapted from: http://www.geometrictools.com/Documentation/DistancePoint3Triangle3.pdf
-
-        vec<T, N> E0 = B-A;
-        vec<T, N> E1 = C-A;
-        vec<T, N> D = A - p;
-
-        T a = E0.dot(E0);
-        T b = E0.dot(E1);
-        T c = E1.dot(E1);
-        T d = E0.dot(D);
-        T e = E1.dot(D);
-        //T f = D.dot(D);
-
-        T det = a*c - b*b;
-        T s = b*e - c*d;
-        T t = b*d - a*e;
-
-        /*std::cout<<"E0: "<<E0<<std::endl;
-        std::cout<<"E1: "<<E1<<std::endl;
-        std::cout<<"a: "<<a<<std::endl;
-        std::cout<<"b: "<<b<<std::endl;
-        std::cout<<"c: "<<c<<std::endl;
-        std::cout<<"d: "<<d<<std::endl;
-        std::cout<<"e: "<<e<<std::endl;
-        std::cout<<"f: "<<f<<std::endl;
-        std::cout<<"det: "<<det<<std::endl;
-        std::cout<<"s: "<<s<<std::endl;
-        std::cout<<"t: "<<t<<std::endl;*/
-
-
-        if( s+t <= det)
-        {
-            if(s < 0)
-            {
-                if(t < 0)
-                {
-                    //region 4
-                    //std::cout<<"Region 4"<<std::endl;
-                    s = 0;
-                    t = 0;
-                    //done?
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    //region 3
-                    //std::cout<<"Region 3"<<std::endl;
-                    s=0;
-                    t = ( e >= 0 ? 0 : ( -e >= c ? 1 : -e/c ) );
-                    //done
-                }
-            }
-            else if(t < 0)
-            {
-                //region 5
-                //std::cout<<"Region 5"<<std::endl;
-                s = ( d >= 0 ? 0 : ( -d >= a ? 1 : -d/a ) );
-                t = 0;
-                //done
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                //region 0
-                //std::cout<<"Region 0"<<std::endl;
-                T invDet = (T)1.0/det;
-                s *= invDet;
-                t *= invDet;
-                //done
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if(s < 0)
-            {
-                //region 2
-                //std::cout<<"Region 2"<<std::endl;
-                s = 0;
-                t = 1;
-                //done?
-
-            }
-            else if(t < 0)
-            {
-                //region 6
-                //std::cout<<"Region 6"<<std::endl;
-                s = 1;
-                t = 0;
-                //done?
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                //region 1
-                //std::cout<<"Region 1"<<std::endl;
-                T numer = c + e - b - d;
-                if( numer <= 0 )
-                    s = 0;
-                else
-                {
-                    T denom = a - 2 * b + c;
-                    s = ( numer >= denom ? 1 : numer/denom );
-                }
-                t = 1 - s;
-                //done
-            }
-        }
-
-        //std::cout<<"s: "<<s<<std::endl;
-        //std::cout<<"t: "<<t<<std::endl;
-
-        //std::cout<<"p: "<<_p(s, t)<<std::endl;
-
-		return _p(s, t);
-
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE T dist(vec<T, N> p)
-	{
-        vec<T, N> n = nearest(p);
-
-        return (p - n).len();
-	}
-};
-
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/math/vector.h b/math/vector.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 86fbbfd..0000000
--- a/math/vector.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,280 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_VECTOR_H
-#define RTS_VECTOR_H
-
-#include <iostream>
-#include <cmath>
-#include <sstream>
-//#include "rts/math/point.h"
-#include "../cuda/callable.h"
-
-
-namespace stim
-{
-
-
-
-template <class T, int N=3>
-struct vec
-{
-	T v[N];
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec()
-	{
-		//memset(v, 0, sizeof(T) * N);
-		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
-			v[i] = 0;
-	}
-
-	//efficiency constructor, makes construction easier for 1D-4D vectors
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec(T rhs)
-	{
-		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
-			v[i] = rhs;
-	}
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec(T x, T y)
-	{
-		v[0] = x;
-		v[1] = y;
-	}
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec(T x, T y, T z)
-	{
-		v[0] = x;
-		v[1] = y;
-		v[2] = z;
-	}
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec(T x, T y, T z, T w)
-	{
-		v[0] = x;
-		v[1] = y;
-		v[2] = z;
-		v[3] = w;
-	}
-
-	//copy constructor
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec( const vec<T, N>& other){
-		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
-			v[i] = other.v[i];
-	}
-
-	
-	template< typename U >
-	CUDA_CALLABLE operator vec<U, N>(){
-		vec<U, N> result;
-		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
-			result.v[i] = v[i];
-
-		return result;
-	}
-
-	//template<class U>
-	//friend vec<U, N>::operator vec<T, N>();
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE T len() const
-	{
-        //compute and return the vector length
-        T sum_sq = (T)0;
-        for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
-        {
-            sum_sq += v[i] * v[i];
-        }
-        return sqrt(sum_sq);
-
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> cart2sph() const
-	{
-		//convert the vector from cartesian to spherical coordinates
-		//x, y, z -> r, theta, phi (where theta = 0 to 2*pi)
-
-		vec<T, N> sph;
-		sph[0] = std::sqrt(v[0]*v[0] + v[1]*v[1] + v[2]*v[2]);
-		sph[1] = std::atan2(v[1], v[0]);
-		sph[2] = std::acos(v[2] / sph[0]);
-
-		return sph;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> sph2cart() const
-	{
-		//convert the vector from cartesian to spherical coordinates
-		//r, theta, phi -> x, y, z (where theta = 0 to 2*pi)
-
-		vec<T, N> cart;
-		cart[0] = v[0] * std::cos(v[1]) * std::sin(v[2]);
-		cart[1] = v[0] * std::sin(v[1]) * std::sin(v[2]);
-		cart[2] = v[0] * std::cos(v[2]);
-
-		return cart;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> norm() const
-	{
-        //compute and return the vector norm
-        vec<T, N> result;
-
-        //compute the vector length
-        T l = len();
-
-        //normalize
-        for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
-        {
-            result.v[i] = v[i] / l;
-        }
-
-        return result;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, 3> cross(const vec<T, 3> rhs) const
-	{
-		vec<T, 3> result;
-
-		//compute the cross product (only valid for 3D vectors)
-		result[0] = v[1] * rhs.v[2] - v[2] * rhs.v[1];
-		result[1] = v[2] * rhs.v[0] - v[0] * rhs.v[2];
-		result[2] = v[0] * rhs.v[1] - v[1] * rhs.v[0];
-
-		return result;
-	}
-
-    CUDA_CALLABLE T dot(vec<T, N> rhs) const
-    {
-        T result = (T)0;
-
-        for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
-            result += v[i] * rhs.v[i];
-
-        return result;
-
-    }
-
-	//arithmetic
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> operator+(vec<T, N> rhs) const
-	{
-		vec<T, N> result;
-
-		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
-		    result.v[i] = v[i] + rhs.v[i];
-
-		return result;
-	}
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> operator+(T rhs) const
-	{
-		vec<T, N> result;
-
-		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
-		    result.v[i] = v[i] + rhs;
-
-		return result;
-	}
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> operator-(vec<T, N> rhs) const
-	{
-        vec<T, N> result;
-
-        for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
-            result.v[i] = v[i] - rhs.v[i];
-
-        return result;
-	}
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> operator*(T rhs) const
-	{
-        vec<T, N> result;
-
-        for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
-            result.v[i] = v[i] * rhs;
-
-        return result;
-	}
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> operator/(T rhs) const
-	{
-        vec<T, N> result;
-
-        for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
-            result.v[i] = v[i] / rhs;
-
-        return result;
-	}
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> operator*=(T rhs){
-		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
-			v[i] = v[i] * rhs;
-		return *this;
-	}
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> & operator=(T rhs){
-		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
-			v[i] = rhs;
-		return *this;
-	}
-
-	template<typename Y>
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> & operator=(vec<Y, N> rhs){
-		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
-			v[i] = rhs.v[i];
-		return *this;
-	}
-	//unary minus
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> operator-() const{
-		vec<T, N> r;
-
-		//negate the vector
-		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
-		    r.v[i] = -v[i];
-
-		return r;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE bool operator==(vec<T, N> rhs) const
-	{
-        if ( (rhs.v[0] == v[0]) && (rhs.v[1] == v[1]) && (rhs.v[2] == v[2]) )
-            return true;
-
-        return false;
-	}
-
-	std::string str() const
-	{
-		std::stringstream ss;
-
-		ss<<"[";
-		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
-		{
-			ss<<v[i];
-			if(i != N-1)
-				ss<<", ";
-		}
-		ss<<"]";
-
-		return ss.str();
-	}
-
-	//bracket operator - allows assignment to the vector
-	CUDA_CALLABLE T& operator[](const unsigned int i)
-	{
-        return v[i];
-    }
-
-};
-
-
-}	//end namespace rts
-
-template <typename T, int N>
-std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, stim::vec<T, N> v)
-{
-    os<<v.str();
-    return os;
-}
-
-
-
-template <typename T, int N>
-CUDA_CALLABLE stim::vec<T, N> operator*(T lhs, stim::vec<T, N> rhs)
-{
-	stim::vec<T, N> r;
-
-    return rhs * lhs;
-}
-
-//#if __GNUC__ > 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ > 7
-//template<class T, int N> using rtsVector = rts::vector<T, N>;
-//#endif
-
-#endif
diff --git a/matlab/rtsApplyBrewer.m b/matlab/rtsApplyBrewer.m
deleted file mode 100644
index bdc0693..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsApplyBrewer.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-function result = rtsApplyBrewer(field, minVal, maxVal)
-
-if nargin < 3
-    maxVal = max(field(:));
-end
-if nargin < 2
-    minVal = min(field(:));
-end
-
-fieldMaskMin = field >= minVal;
-fieldMaskMax = field <= maxVal;
-
-fieldMask = min(fieldMaskMin, fieldMaskMax);
-
-ctrlPts = zeros(11, 3);
-
-ctrlPts(1, :) = [0.192157, 0.211765, 0.584314];
-ctrlPts(2, :) = [0.270588, 0.458824, 0.705882];
-ctrlPts(3, :) = [0.454902, 0.678431, 0.819608];
-ctrlPts(4, :) = [0.670588, 0.85098, 0.913725];
-ctrlPts(5, :) = [0.878431, 0.952941, 0.972549];
-ctrlPts(6, :) = [1, 1, 0.74902];
-ctrlPts(7, :) = [0.996078, 0.878431, 0.564706];
-ctrlPts(8, :) = [0.992157, 0.682353, 0.380392];
-ctrlPts(9, :) = [0.956863, 0.427451, 0.262745];
-ctrlPts(10, :) = [0.843137, 0.188235, 0.152941];
-ctrlPts(11, :) = [0.647059, 0, 0.14902];
-
-%X = 0:1/10:1;
-X = minVal:(maxVal - minVal)/10:maxVal;
-
-R = interp1(X, ctrlPts(:, 1), field);
-G = interp1(X, ctrlPts(:, 2), field);
-B = interp1(X, ctrlPts(:, 3), field);
-
-R = R.* fieldMask;
-G = G.* fieldMask;
-B = B.* fieldMask;
-
-result = cat(ndims(field)+1, R, G, B);
-
diff --git a/matlab/rtsBaselineCorrect.m b/matlab/rtsBaselineCorrect.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 673296d..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsBaselineCorrect.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-function R = rtsBaselineCorrect(A, b, dim)
-
-%This function baselines an n-dimensional array given a series of points b
-%B = baseline-corrected data
-%A = raw data
-%b = baseline points in the format [b0 b1 ... bn]
-%dim = dimension along which the baseline correction will occur
-
-
-%allocate space for the sub-component indices
-sz = size(A);
-inds = repmat({1},1,ndims(A));
-
-%allocate space for the result
-R = zeros(size(A));
-
-%for each baseline point
-for bp = 1:length(b) - 1
-    
-    %extract the data at the first baseline point
-    n = b(bp);
-    inds = getIndices(A, n, dim);
-    BP1 = A(inds{:});
-
-    %extract the data at the second baseline point
-    n = b(bp+1);
-    inds = getIndices(A, n, dim);
-    BP2 = A(inds{:});
-
-    %for each point in between the baseline points
-    for p = b(bp):b(bp+1)
-
-        %compute the weighting of the linear function between BP1 and BP2
-        a2 = (p - b(bp))/(b(bp+1) - b(bp));
-        a1 = 1.0 - a2;
-
-        n = p;
-        inds = getIndices(A, n, dim);
-
-        baseFunc = a1 * BP1 + a2 * BP2;
-        R(inds{:}) = A(inds{:}) - baseFunc;
-    end
-end
-
-
-function I = getIndices(A, n, dim)
-
-%this function returns indices for all elements in S at
-%point n along dimension dim
-
-sz = size(A);
-I = repmat({1},1,ndims(A));
-
-for d = 1:ndims(A)
-    if d ~= dim
-        I{d} = 1:sz(d);
-    else
-        I{d} = n;
-    end
-end
-
diff --git a/matlab/rtsClass2Color.m b/matlab/rtsClass2Color.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 5b8df59..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsClass2Color.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-function C = rtsClass2Color(classes, classList, colorList)
-
-C = zeros(length(classes), 3);
-
-for i = 1:length(classes)
-    
-    for c = 1:length(classList)
-        
-        if classes(i) == classList(c)
-            C(i, :) = colorList(c, :);
-        end
-        
-    end
-    
-end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/matlab/rtsColorMapField.m b/matlab/rtsColorMapField.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 3ada8c7..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsColorMapField.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-function Result = rtsColorMapField(F, range)
-%creates a color map for the field F and returns an array with
-%an additional size-3 color dimension
-
-R = zeros(size(F));
-G = zeros(size(F));
-B = zeros(size(F));
-
-%if no range is specified, estimate it using min and max values
-if nargin == 1
-    range(1) = min(F(:));
-    range(2) = max(F(:));    
-end
-range_size = range(2) - range(1);
-
-num_elements = size(F(:));
-for i =1:num_elements
-    if(F(i) > range(1) && F(i) < range(2))
-        hue_degrees = (1 - (F(i) - range(1))/range_size)*240;
-        HSVval = [hue_degrees 1.0 1.0];
-        RGBval = rtsHSVtoRGB(HSVval);
-    else
-        RGBval = [0 0 F(i)/range(1)];
-    end
-    R(i) = RGBval(1);
-    G(i) = RGBval(2);
-    B(i) = RGBval(3);
-end
-Result = cat(ndims(F)+1, R, G, B);
-imshow(Result);
diff --git a/matlab/rtsColorMapRainbow.m b/matlab/rtsColorMapRainbow.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 0c79394..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsColorMapRainbow.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-function result = rtsColorMapRainbow(field, minVal, maxVal)
-
-if nargin < 3
-    maxVal = max(field(:));
-end
-if nargin < 2
-    minVal = min(field(:));
-end
-
-fieldMaskMin = field >= minVal;
-fieldMaskMax = field <= maxVal;
-
-fieldMask = fieldMaskMin;%min(fieldMaskMin, fieldMaskMax);
-
-ctrlPts = zeros(3, 3);
-
-ctrlPts(1, :) = [0.0, 0.0, 0.5];
-ctrlPts(2, :) = [0.0, 0.0, 1.0];
-ctrlPts(3, :) = [0.0, 1.0, 1.0];
-ctrlPts(4, :) = [0.0, 1.0, 0.0];
-ctrlPts(5, :) = [1.0, 1.0, 0.0];
-ctrlPts(6, :) = [1.0, 0.0, 0.0];
-ctrlPts(7, :) = [0.5, 0.0, 0.0];
-
-%X = 0:1/10:1;
-X = minVal:(maxVal - minVal)/6:maxVal;
-
-R = interp1(X, ctrlPts(:, 1), field);
-G = interp1(X, ctrlPts(:, 2), field);
-B = interp1(X, ctrlPts(:, 3), field);
-
-%R = R.* fieldMask;
-%G = G.* fieldMask;
-%B = B.* fieldMask;
-
-result = cat(ndims(field)+1, R, G, B);
-
diff --git a/matlab/rtsCropMask.m b/matlab/rtsCropMask.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 5ac7fb3..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsCropMask.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-function new_mask = rtsCropMask(mask, max_pixels)
-
-%convert to logical
-%mask = mask > 0;
-
-if nnz(mask) < max_pixels
-    new_mask = mask;
-else
-    j = 0;
-    for i = 1:length(mask(:))
-        if mask(i) > 0
-            j = j + 1;
-            if j == max_pixels
-                last_pixel = i;
-            end
-        end
-    end
-    new_mask = zeros(size(mask, 1), size(mask, 2));
-    new_mask(1:last_pixel) = mask(1:last_pixel);
-end
-        
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/matlab/rtsEnviClassify.m b/matlab/rtsEnviClassify.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 8326995..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsEnviClassify.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-function C = rtsEnviClassify(B, envi_filename, mask, nFeatures)
-
-%   B = TreeBagger class
-%   nFeatures = number of features cropped out (0 means use all features)
-
-if nargin < 4
-    nFeatures = 0;
-end
-
-
-batchSize = 100000;
-
-
-
-Ns = nnz(mask)    %get the number of samples to be classified
-Nb = ceil(Ns / batchSize);  %get the number of batches
-
-C(Ns, 1) = char(0);
-
-%open the ENVI file
-envi = rtsEnviOpen(envi_filename, [envi_filename '.hdr'], mask);
-
-for b = 1:Nb
-    
-    %load a batch
-    batch = rtsEnviRead(envi, batchSize);
-    
-    %crop out the number of features specified (if it is specified)
-    if nFeatures ~= 0
-        batch = batch(1:nFeatures, :);
-    end
-    
-    %classify the batch
-    C( (b-1)*batchSize + 1 : (b-1)*batchSize + size(batch, 2) ) = cell2mat(predict(B, batch'));
-    
-    disp([num2str( round( b / Nb * 100 ) ) '%']);
-end
-
-rtsEnviClose(envi);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/matlab/rtsEnviClose.m b/matlab/rtsEnviClose.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 3ee3283..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsEnviClose.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-function rtsEnviClose(enviFID)
-
-fclose(enviFID.fid);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/matlab/rtsEnviID.m b/matlab/rtsEnviID.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 10f559e..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsEnviID.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-classdef rtsEnviID < handle
-    properties
-        fid
-        header
-        mask
-        fpos
-    end
-end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/matlab/rtsEnviLoadClasses.m~ b/matlab/rtsEnviLoadClasses.m~
deleted file mode 100644
index ee30933..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsEnviLoadClasses.m~
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-function [F, C] = rtsEnviLoadClasses(filenames, classnames, ppc)
-
-Nc = size(filenames, 1);
-
-for c = 1:Nc
-   %load the masks
-    image = imread(filenames{c});
-    mask = image(:, :, 1)' > 0; 
-    
-    
-end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/matlab/rtsEnviLoadHeader.m b/matlab/rtsEnviLoadHeader.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 2746cc2..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsEnviLoadHeader.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-function s = rtsEnviLoadHeader(filename)
-%create a cell array of fields
-s = struct;
-
-fid = fopen(filename, 'r', 'n', 'US-ASCII');
-
-%read the first field and make sure it is "ENVI"
-fname = GetFieldName(fid);
-if strcmp(fname, 'ENVI') == 0
-    disp('Not an ENVI header file');
-    return;
-end
-
-while feof(fid) == 0
-    fname = GetFieldName(fid);
-    if feof(fid) == 1
-        return;
-    end
-    [value, valid] = ReadField(fid, fname);
-    if valid == 1
-        s = setfield(s, fname, value);
-    end
-end
-fclose(fid);
-
-function t = GetFieldName(fid)
-string_struct = textscan(fid, '%s', 1, 'Delimiter', '=');
-if feof(fid) == 1
-    t = [];
-    return;
-end
-t = string_struct{1}{1};
-t = strtrim(t);
-t(t==' ') = '_';
-
-function [v, valid] = ReadField(fid, field_name)
-valid = 1;
-stringFields = {'file_type', 'interleave', 'sensor_type', 'wavelength_units'};
-intFields = {'samples', 'lines', 'bands', 'header_offset', 'data_type', 'byte_order'};
-
-%if the field is "description", read between the brackets
-if strcmp(field_name, 'description') == 1
-    textscan(fid, '%[{]', 1);
-    string_struct = textscan(fid, '%[^}]', 1, 'Whitespace', '');
-    textscan(fid, '%[}]', 1);
-    v = string_struct{1}{1};
-    v = strtrim(v);
-    return;
-end
-if max(strcmp(field_name, intFields)) ~= 0
-    v = fscanf(fid, '%d');
-    return;
-end
-if max(strcmp(field_name, stringFields)) ~= 0
-    string_struct = textscan(fid, '%s', 1, 'Whitespace', '\n');
-    v = string_struct{1}{1};
-    v = strtrim(v);
-    return;
-end
-
-%read and return the wavelength values
-if strcmp(field_name, 'wavelength') == 1
-    v = [];
-    textscan(fid, '%[{]', 1);
-    c = ' ';
-    while c ~= '}'
-        new = fscanf(fid, '%f');
-        v = [v new];
-        c = fscanf(fid, '%c', 1);
-    end
-    return;
-end
-
-%if it doesn't match anything, just read until the end of the line
-%string_struct = textscan(fid, '%s', 1, 'Whitespace', '\n');
-string_struct = textscan(fid, '%s', 1, 'Delimiter', '\n');
-v = '';
-valid = 0;
diff --git a/matlab/rtsEnviLoadImage.m b/matlab/rtsEnviLoadImage.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 6a7ab0f..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsEnviLoadImage.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-function [image, header] = rtsEnviLoadImage(filename, headername)
-%enter the file name (no .hdr extension)
-
-header_file = headername;
-header = rtsEnviLoadHeader(header_file);
-
-if strcmp(header.interleave, 'bsq') == 1
-    image = zeros(header.samples, header.lines, header.bands);
-end
-if strcmp(header.interleave, 'bip') == 1
-    image = zeros(header.bands, header.samples, header.lines);
-end
-if strcmp(header.interleave, 'bil') == 1
-    image = zeros(header.samples, header.bands, header.lines);
-end
-
-
-file_bytes = header.samples*header.lines*header.bands;
-%check to make sure there is enough memory available
-if ispc
-    [~, sys] = memory;
-    if sys.PhysicalMemory.Available < file_bytes*header.data_type && strcmp(header.interleave, 'bsq') == 0
-        strResponse = input('The data set will require virtual memory for permutation. Continue? (y/n) ', 's');
-        if strcmp(strResponse, 'n') == 1
-            return;
-        end
-    end
-else
-    disp('Sorry, I can''t check available memory for this OS.  Keep your fingers crossed!');
-end
-
-fid = fopen(filename);
-%skip the header - start reading header_offset bytes from the beginning
-fseek(fid, header.header_offset, 'bof');
-
-%read the data
-image(:) = fread(fid, file_bytes, 'float32');
-
-if strcmp(header.interleave, 'bip') == 1
-    image = permute(image, [2 3 1]);
-end
-if strcmp(header.interleave, 'bil') == 1
-    image = permute(image, [1 3 2]);
-end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/matlab/rtsEnviLoadTraining.m b/matlab/rtsEnviLoadTraining.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 1788a08..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsEnviLoadTraining.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-function [F, C] = rtsEnviLoadTraining(filenames, classnames, binfile, ppc)
-
-Nc = length(filenames);     %calculate the number of classes
-
-if nargin < 3
-    ppc = 0;
-end
-
-%---------Load the Masks-----------
-%first, get the total number of pixels
-Ns = 0;
-for c = 1:Nc
-   %load the mask
-    image = imread(filenames{c});
-    
-    if c == 1
-        mask = boolean(zeros(size(image, 2), size(image, 1), Nc));
-    end
-    
-    if ppc ~= 0
-        mask(:, :, c) = rtsRandomizeMask(image(:, :, 1)' > 0, ppc);
-    else
-        mask(:, :, c) = image(:, :, 1)' > 0;
-    end
-    
-end
-
-%calculate the number of samples
-Ns = Ns + nnz(mask);    
-
-%-----------Load the Training Data-------------
-disp(['loading ' num2str(Ns) ' samples']);
-ci = 1;
-for c = 1:Nc
-    
-    disp(['loading class ' classnames(c) '...']);
-    batch = nnz(mask(:, :, c));
-    %create an ENVI file object
-    envi = rtsEnviOpen(binfile, [binfile '.hdr'], mask(:, :, c));
-    
-    if c == 1
-        F = zeros(Ns, envi.header.bands);
-        C(Ns, 1) = char(0);
-    end
-
-    %read a bunch of spectra
-    F(ci:ci+batch - 1, :) = rtsEnviRead(envi, batch)';
-    C(ci:ci+batch - 1, 1) = repmat([classnames(c)], [batch 1]);
-    
-    %update the current index
-    ci = ci+batch;
-
-    %close the ENVI file
-    rtsEnviClose(envi);
-    
-    disp('done');
-end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/matlab/rtsEnviOpen.m b/matlab/rtsEnviOpen.m
deleted file mode 100644
index badc640..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsEnviOpen.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-function EID = rtsEnviOpen(filename, headername, mask)
-
-%opens an ENVI file and returns an ID structure
-% filename = name of ENVI file
-% headername = name of ENVI header
-% FID = structure containing file information
-% mask = binary image specifying valid spectra
-
-%assign the mask variable
-if(nargin < 3)
-    mask = 1;
-end
-
-%open the file and save the file ID
-fid = fopen(filename, 'r');
-
-%open the ENVI header file
-header = rtsEnviLoadHeader(headername);
-
-%this is currently only valid for BIP files
-if(~strcmp(header.interleave, 'bip'))
-    disp('Error: This function only works for BIP interleave files.  Load in ENVI and convert.');
-end
-if(header.data_type ~= 4)
-    disp('Error: This function only works for floating-point files.');
-end
-
-EID = rtsEnviID;
-EID.fid = fid;
-EID.header = header;
-EID.mask = mask;
-EID.fpos = 0;
-
-%EID = struct('fid', fid, 'header', header, 'mask', mask, 'fpos', 0);
-
diff --git a/matlab/rtsEnviRandomForest2C_apply.m b/matlab/rtsEnviRandomForest2C_apply.m
deleted file mode 100644
index e1d2a7c..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsEnviRandomForest2C_apply.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-function P = rtsEnviRandomForest2C_apply(RF, EnviFileName, EnviHeaderName, TissueMask, reference)
-
-%Applies a 2-class random forest classifier to the given image.  Only
-%pixels specified in TissueMask are classified.  The estimated rule data is
-%returned as an image sequence.
-
-%load the tissue mask
-maskImage = imread(TissueMask);
-maskBinary = (maskImage(:, :, 1) > 0)';
-
-nPixels = nnz(maskBinary);
-disp(['Number of pixels: ' num2str(nPixels)]);
-
-
-%load the data
-disp(['Loading Features: ' EnviFileName]);
-tLoadTime = tic;
-fid = rtsEnviOpen(EnviFileName, EnviHeaderName, maskBinary);
-F = rtsEnviRead(fid, nPixels);
-rtsEnviClose(fid);
-disp(['Time: ' num2str(toc(tLoadTime)) 's']);
-
-%transpose
-F = F';
-
-%apply the reference
-if nargin == 5
-    Fnorm = repmat(F(:, reference), 1, size(F, 2));
-    F = F./Fnorm;
-    F(:, reference) = [];
-end
-
-%classify the data
-disp('Classifying...');
-tClassTime = tic;
-T = predict(RF, F);
-disp(['Time: ' num2str(toc(tClassTime)) 's']);
-%Cl = Cpost > threshold;
-
-%reconstruct the image from the mask
-P = rtsMaskReconstruct(T', maskBinary, -1);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/matlab/rtsEnviRandomForest2C_train.m b/matlab/rtsEnviRandomForest2C_train.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 8bf13d7..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsEnviRandomForest2C_train.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-function RF = rtsEnviRandomForest2C_train(EnviFileName, EnviHeaderName, RoiImages, reference)
-
-%Creates a 2-class random forest classifier for an Envi BIP file using the 
-%provided ROI images.  The resulting classifier uses regression to map
-%class A to 1 and class B to 0.  This allows the creation of ROC curves.
-%
-%   EnviFilename - Name of an ENVI BIP file
-%   RoiImages - Cell array containing names of ROI images (masks)
-
-%default parameters
-maxPixels = 200000;
-threshold = 0.5;
-nTrees = 100;
-nThreads = 8;
-%trainPixels = 200000;
-
-%determine the number of classes
-nClasses = length(RoiImages);
-%make sure that there are only two classes
-if nClasses > 2
-    disp('This classifier only supports 2 classes.');
-    return;
-end
-
-%for each class, load the training data
-T = [];
-F = [];
-for c = 1:nClasses
-    
-    %load the class mask
-    maskImage = imread(RoiImages{c});
-    maskBinary = (maskImage(:, :, 1) > 0)';
-    
-    disp('------------------------------------------------------');
-    %load epithelium spectra
-    disp(['Loading Training Class ' num2str(c) ' pixels: ' EnviFileName]);
-    tLoadTime = tic;
-    fid = rtsEnviOpen(EnviFileName, EnviHeaderName, maskBinary);
-    Fc = rtsEnviRead(fid, maxPixels);
-    rtsEnviClose(fid);
-    
-    if c == 1
-        Tc = ones(size(Fc, 2), 1);
-    else
-        Tc = zeros(size(Fc, 2), 1);
-    end
-    
-    disp(['Time: ' num2str(toc(tLoadTime)) 's']);
-    
-    %add features and targets to the final vectors
-    T = [T; Tc];
-    F = [F; Fc'];  
-end
-
-%apply the reference
-if nargin == 4
-    Fnorm = repmat(F(:, reference), 1, size(F, 2));
-    F = F./Fnorm;
-    F(:, reference) = [];
-end
-
-%parallelize if specified
-if nThreads > 1
-    matlabpool('open', nThreads);
-    paraoptions = statset('UseParallel', 'always');
-end
-
-%train the classifier
-disp('Creating a Random Forest classifier...');
-tTrainTime = tic;
-RF = TreeBagger(nTrees, F, T, 'method', 'regression', 'Options',paraoptions);
-disp(['Time: ' num2str(toc(tTrainTime)) 's']);
-
-if nThreads > 1
-    matlabpool close
-end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/matlab/rtsEnviRandomForest2C_validate.m b/matlab/rtsEnviRandomForest2C_validate.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 626a03c..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsEnviRandomForest2C_validate.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-function [Croc, Cauc] = rtsEnviRandomForest2C_validate(RF, EnviFileName, EnviHeaderName, RoiImages, reference)
-
-%Validates a 2-class random forest classifier, creating ROC curves.
-
-%parameters
-maxPixels = 200000;
-
-%determine the number of classes
-nClasses = length(RoiImages);
-%make sure that there are only two classes
-if nClasses > 2
-    disp('This classifier only supports 2 classes.');
-    return;
-end
-
-%for each class, load the validation data
-T = [];
-F = [];
-for c = 1:nClasses
-    
-    %load the class mask
-    maskImage = imread(RoiImages{c});
-    maskBinary = (maskImage(:, :, 1) > 0)';
-    
-    disp('------------------------------------------------------');
-    %load epithelium spectra
-    disp(['Loading Validation Class ' num2str(c) ' pixels: ' EnviFileName]);
-    tLoadTime = tic;
-    fid = rtsEnviOpen(EnviFileName, EnviHeaderName, maskBinary);
-    Fc = rtsEnviRead(fid, maxPixels);
-    rtsEnviClose(fid);
-    
-    if c == 1
-        Tc = ones(size(Fc, 2), 1);
-    else
-        Tc = zeros(size(Fc, 2), 1);
-    end
-    
-    disp(['Time: ' num2str(toc(tLoadTime)) 's']);
-    
-    %add features and targets to the final vectors
-    T = [T; Tc];
-    F = [F; Fc'];  
-end
-
-%apply the reference
-if nargin == 5
-    Fnorm = repmat(F(:, reference), 1, size(F, 2));
-    F = F./Fnorm;
-    F(:, reference) = [];
-end
-
-%classify the data (get the estimated posterior probability)
-disp('Validating...');
-tClassTime = tic;
-Tpost = predict(RF, F);
-disp(['Time: ' num2str(toc(tClassTime)) 's']);
-
-%calculate and display the ROC curve
-disp('Calculating ROC...');
-tRocTime = tic;
-[Croc, Cauc, threshList] = rtsROC(Tpost, T);
-disp(['Time: ' num2str(toc(tRocTime)) 's']);
-disp(['AUC = ' num2str(Cauc)]);
-plot(Croc(:, 1), Croc(:, 2));
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/matlab/rtsEnviRead.m b/matlab/rtsEnviRead.m
deleted file mode 100644
index d46db6c..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsEnviRead.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-function S = rtsEnviRead(fid, batchSize)
-
-%This function reads a batch of spectra from the given ENVI file ID
-% fid = ENVI file ID created using rtsEnviOpen
-% batchSize = number of spectra to read
-
-%if there is no mask, just load each spectrum in order
-if(fid.mask == 1)
-    
-    %compute the new batch size in case we are near the eof
-    nSpectra = fid.header.samples * fid.header.lines;
-    remainingSpectra = nSpectra - fid.fpos;
-    
-    if(batchSize > remainingSpectra)
-        batchSize = remainingSpectra;
-    end
-    
-    S = fread(fid.fid, [fid.header.bands batchSize], '*float32');
-
-    %increment the fid counter
-    fid.fpos = fid.fpos + batchSize;
-    
-%otherwise only load valid spectra
-else
-    
-    %compute the new batch size in case we are near the eof
-    if(fid.fpos == 0)
-        remainingSpectra = nnz(fid.mask);
-    else
-        nSpectra = nnz(fid.mask);
-        maskRead = fid.mask(1:fid.fpos+1);
-        remainingSpectra = nSpectra - nnz(maskRead);
-    end
-
-    if(batchSize > remainingSpectra)
-        batchSize = remainingSpectra;
-    end
-    
-    %allocate space for the spectra
-    S = zeros(fid.header.bands, batchSize);
-    
-    %for each spectrum in the batch
-    for s = 1:batchSize
-        
-        %while the current spectrum is invalid
-        skip = 0;
-        while (~fid.mask(fid.fpos + 1))
-            %read the invalid spectrum
-            %invalid = fread(fid.fid, [fid.header.bands 1], '*float32');            
-            skip = skip + 1;
-            
-            %increment the file position
-            fid.fpos = fid.fpos + 1;
-        end
-        fseek(fid.fid, skip * fid.header.bands * 4, 'cof');
-        
-        test = fread(fid.fid, [fid.header.bands 1], '*float32');
-        if size(test) ~= size(S(:, s))
-            size(test)
-            size(S(:, s))
-        end
-        S(:, s) = test;
-        fid.fpos = fid.fpos + 1;
-        
-    end    
-    
-end
-
diff --git a/matlab/rtsEnviSaveImage.m b/matlab/rtsEnviSaveImage.m
deleted file mode 100644
index a22402b..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsEnviSaveImage.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-function rtsEnviSaveImage(S, fileName, headerName, W)
-
-%  S = 3D hyperspectral data
-%  W = list of wavelength values
-
-%save the image
-rtsSaveRAW(S, fileName, 'float32', 'l');
-
-%create the header file
-headerFile = [fileName '.hdr'];
-if nargin == 3
-    headerFile = headerName;
-end
-
-fid = fopen(headerFile, 'w');
-
-%write the header and description
-fprintf(fid, 'ENVI\n');
-fprintf(fid, 'description = {\n');
-fprintf(fid, '  File Saved using Matlab.}\n');
-fprintf(fid, 'samples = %d\n', size(S, 1));
-fprintf(fid, 'lines   = %d\n', size(S, 2));
-fprintf(fid, 'bands   = %d\n', size(S, 3));
-fprintf(fid, 'header offset = 0\n');
-fprintf(fid, 'file type = ENVI Standard\n');
-fprintf(fid, 'data type = 4\n');
-fprintf(fid, 'interleave = bsq\n');
-fprintf(fid, 'sensor type = Unknown\n');
-fprintf(fid, 'byte order = 0\n');
-
-if nargin == 4
-    %output wavelength units
-    fprintf(fid, 'wavelength = {\n');
-    for i = 1:length(W)-1
-        fprintf(fid, ' %f,\n', W(i));
-    end
-    fprintf(fid, ' %f\n', W(length(W)));
-    fprintf(fid, '}\n');
-end
-
-fclose(fid);
diff --git a/matlab/rtsGaussianBlurND.m b/matlab/rtsGaussianBlurND.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 3699850..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsGaussianBlurND.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-function R = rtsGaussianBlurND(input, sigma)
-%This function convolves an ND array with a gaussian kernel specified by
-%sigma.  This takes advantage of the separability of the kernel and is
-%therefore very fast.
-
-%disp('begin***********************************************');
-
-%get the number of dimensions for the convolution
-dim = ndims(input);
-
-%initialize the result to the source
-R = input;
-
-
-for d=1:dim
-    %if the dimension is greater than 1 and the sigma not a dirac
-    if size(input, d) > 1 && sigma(d) > 0
-        %create a 1D kernel
-        kernelshape = ones(1, dim);
-        kernelshape(d) = sigma(d)*6;
-        kernel = zeros(kernelshape);
-        kernel(:) = ndgauss(sigma(d)*6, sigma(d));
-
-        %perform the convolution
-        R = convn(R, kernel, 'same');
-    end
-end
-    
-    
-    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/matlab/rtsHSVtoRGB.m b/matlab/rtsHSVtoRGB.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 9770aea..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsHSVtoRGB.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-function RGBval = rtsHSVtoRGB(HSVval)
-
-H = HSVval(1);
-S = HSVval(2);
-V = HSVval(3);
-
-C = V*S;
-Hprime = H/60;
-X = C*(1 - abs(mod(Hprime, 2) - 1));
-
-RGBval = [0 0 0];
-if Hprime >= 0 && Hprime < 1
-    RGBval = [C X 0];
-end
-if Hprime >= 1 && Hprime < 2
-    RGBval = [X C 0];
-end
-if Hprime >= 2 && Hprime < 3
-    RGBval = [0 C X];
-end
-if Hprime >= 3 && Hprime < 4
-    RGBval = [0 X C];
-end
-if Hprime >= 4 && Hprime < 5
-    RGBval = [X 0 C];
-end
-if Hprime >= 5 && Hprime < 6
-    RGBval = [C 0 X];
-end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/matlab/rtsInt2Str.m b/matlab/rtsInt2Str.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 06b9b8d..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsInt2Str.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-function result = rtsInt2Str(num, digits)
-
-
-%get the number of digits in the current number
-temp = num;
-current_digits = 0;
-while temp >= 1
-    temp = temp/10;
-    current_digits = current_digits+1;
-end
-
-if current_digits > digits
-    result = int2str(num);
-else
-    result = [];
-    for i = 1:digits - current_digits
-        result = [result '0'];
-    end
-    result = [result int2str(num)];
-end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/matlab/rtsLoadImageStack.m b/matlab/rtsLoadImageStack.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 15c921a..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsLoadImageStack.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-function R = rtsLoadImageStack(directoryName)
-
-fileList = dir(directoryName);
-fileList = fileList(3:length(fileList));
-
-nFiles = length(fileList);
-
-%enable the progress bar
-gui_active(1);
-h = progressbar([], 0, ['Loading ' num2str(nFiles) ' Images...'], 'Load Stack');
-
-
-%load each file into a volume
-for i=1:nFiles
-    fileName = [directoryName '\' fileList(i).name];
-    image = imread(fileName);
-    
-    %allocate space
-    if i == 1
-        R = zeros(size(image, 1), size(image, 2), nFiles, 'uint8');
-    end
-    R(:, :, i) = image(:, :, 1);
-    
-    h = progressbar(h, 1/(nFiles));
-    if ~gui_active
-        progressbar(h, -1);
-        break;                            
-    end
-end
-
-progressbar(h, -1);
-
-
diff --git a/matlab/rtsMaskReconstruct.m b/matlab/rtsMaskReconstruct.m
deleted file mode 100644
index eed102e..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsMaskReconstruct.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-function I = rtsMaskReconstruct(data, mask, fillVal)
-
-%This function reconstructs an array of data created from a mask
-% data = a VxD matrix, where D = positions and V = values
-% mask = a binary image with D nonzero values
-
-%compute the number of values at each pixel
-nV = size(data, 1);
-
-%allocate space
-nX = size(mask, 1);
-nY = size(mask, 2);
-I = ones(nV, nX*nY) * fillVal;
-
-d=1;
-%for each position
-for p = 1:nX*nY
-    
-    %if the mask value at the position is true, copy values
-    if(mask(p) && d < size(data, 2))
-        I(:, p) = data(:, d);
-        
-        %increment the data pointer
-        d = d + 1;
-        
-    %if the mask value at the position is zero, set all values to zero
-    else
-        I(:, p) = ones(nV, 1) * fillVal;
-    end 
-    
-end
-
-%reshape the array into an image
-I = reshape(I', [nX nY nV]);
-
diff --git a/matlab/rtsMonteCarloSphere.m b/matlab/rtsMonteCarloSphere.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 0d80b0b..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsMonteCarloSphere.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-function S = rtsMonteCarloSphere(sqrtN, startAngle, endAngle)
-
-%allocate space for the samples
-S = zeros(sqrtN^2, 2);
-
-if sqrtN == 1
-    S = [0 0];
-    return;
-end
-cosStart = cos(startAngle);
-cosEnd = cos(endAngle);
-
-i=1; % array index
-oneoverN = 1.0/sqrtN;
-for a = 0:sqrtN-1
-    for b = 0:sqrtN-1
-        %generate unbiased distribution of spherical coords
-        U1 = rand(1, 1);
-        U2 = rand(1, 1);
-        %x = 1.0 - (a + U1) * oneoverN * (1.0 - cosEnd)
-        x = cosStart - (a + U1) * oneoverN * (1.0 - cosEnd);
-        y = (b + U2) * oneoverN;
-        theta = acos(x);
-        phi = 2.0 * pi * y;
-        S(i, 1) = theta;
-        S(i, 2) = phi;
-        i = i+1;
-    end
-end
diff --git a/matlab/rtsOffsetPlots.m b/matlab/rtsOffsetPlots.m
deleted file mode 100644
index f3e7e84..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsOffsetPlots.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-function R = rtsOffsetPlots(D, s)
-%This function offsets a series of plots in D by intervals of s
-%R = the resulting offset data
-%D = the data as a 2D matrix
-%s = the interval used as an offset
-
- nPlots = size(D, 2);
- 
- offsetMat = repmat(1:nPlots, size(D, 1), 1) * s;
- 
- R = D + offsetMat;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/matlab/rtsRAW2Images.m b/matlab/rtsRAW2Images.m
deleted file mode 100644
index eea8065..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsRAW2Images.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-function rtsRAW2Images(source, destination_directory)
-
-for i=1:size(source, 3)
-    filename = [destination_directory '\' rtsInt2Str(i, 4) '.bmp'];
-    imwrite(source(:, :, i)', filename);
-    disp(filename);
-end
-    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/matlab/rtsROC.m b/matlab/rtsROC.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 82721b1..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsROC.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-function [ROC, AUC, T] = rtsROC(thresholds, class)
-
-%Computes the ROC curves given a set of thresholds and class assignments
-% class = boolean array describing actual class membership
-% thresholds = threshold values for class assignment
-% ROC = ROC curve as column vectors (1 = 1-specificity, 2 = sensitivity)
-% AUC = area under the ROC curve computed using the trapezoid method
-% T = threshold values associated with each 1-specificity value
-
-nValues = length(thresholds);
-ROC = zeros(nValues, 2);
-
-%sort both arrays
-[T, ix] = sort(thresholds, 'descend');
-C = class(ix);
-
-%compute the necessary global values
-P = nnz(class);
-N = nValues - P;
-
-for i = 1:nValues
-    TP = nnz(C(1:i));
-    sensitivity = TP/P;
-    
-    FP = i - TP;
-    FPR = FP/N;
-    specificity = 1 - FPR;
-    
-    ROC(i, 1) = 1 - specificity;
-    ROC(i, 2) = sensitivity;
-end
-
-AUC = trapz(ROC(:, 1), ROC(:, 2));
-    
-    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/matlab/rtsRandomizeMask.m b/matlab/rtsRandomizeMask.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 62866d3..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsRandomizeMask.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-function R = rtsRandomizeMask(mask, N)
-
-%error checking
-if N > nnz(mask)
-    N = nnz(mask);
-end
-
-if N < 0
-    N = 0;
-end
-
-%get the indices of all nonzero values in the mask
-ind = find(mask);
-
-%randomize the indices
-rind = ind(randperm(size(ind, 1)));
-
-%create the new randomized mask (random subset of the old mask)
-R = zeros(size(mask));
-R(rind(1:N)) = 1;
-
-R = R > 0;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/matlab/rtsSaveRAW.m b/matlab/rtsSaveRAW.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 042b5e5..0000000
--- a/matlab/rtsSaveRAW.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-function rtsSaveRAW(data, filename, type, endian)
-%Loads a RAW image file.
-%LoadRAW(filename, x, y, z, c, type) returns a [CxXxYxZ] array representing
-%RAW data loaded from disk. 'type' defines the data type to be loaded (ex.
-%'uint8'. 'endian' defines the byte order: 'b' = big endian, 'l' = little
-%endian.
-
-file_id = fopen(filename, 'w', endian);
-vol = zeros(size(data, 1), size(data, 2), size(data, 3), size(data, 4));
-vol(:) = fwrite(file_id, data, type);
-fclose(file_id);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/matlab/stimBrewerColormap.m b/matlab/stimBrewerColormap.m
deleted file mode 100644
index 34568a0..0000000
--- a/matlab/stimBrewerColormap.m
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-function result = stimBrewerColormap(R)
-
-%returns a Brewer colormap with the specified resolution R
-
-ctrlPts = zeros(11, 3);
-
-ctrlPts(1, :) = [0.192157, 0.211765, 0.584314];
-ctrlPts(2, :) = [0.270588, 0.458824, 0.705882];
-ctrlPts(3, :) = [0.454902, 0.678431, 0.819608];
-ctrlPts(4, :) = [0.670588, 0.85098, 0.913725];
-ctrlPts(5, :) = [0.878431, 0.952941, 0.972549];
-ctrlPts(6, :) = [1, 1, 0.74902];
-ctrlPts(7, :) = [0.996078, 0.878431, 0.564706];
-ctrlPts(8, :) = [0.992157, 0.682353, 0.380392];
-ctrlPts(9, :) = [0.956863, 0.427451, 0.262745];
-ctrlPts(10, :) = [0.843137, 0.188235, 0.152941];
-ctrlPts(11, :) = [0.647059, 0, 0.14902];
-
-X = 1:11;
-
-r = 1:11/R:11;
-
-R = interp1(X, ctrlPts(:, 1), r);
-G = interp1(X, ctrlPts(:, 2), r);
-B = interp1(X, ctrlPts(:, 3), r);
-
-result = [R' G' B'];
-
diff --git a/optics/beam.h b/optics/beam.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 8587bb4..0000000
--- a/optics/beam.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,203 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_BEAM
-#define RTS_BEAM
-
-#include "../math/vector.h"
-#include "../math/function.h"
-#include "../optics/planewave.h"
-#include <vector>
-
-namespace stim{
-
-template<typename P>
-class beam : public planewave<P>
-{
-public:
-	enum beam_type {Uniform, Bartlett, Hamming, Hanning};
-
-private:
-	
-	P _na[2];		//numerical aperature of the focusing optics	
-	vec<P> f;		//focal point	
-	function<P, P> apod;	//apodization function
-	unsigned int apod_res;	//resolution of apodization filter functions
-
-	void apod_uniform()
-	{
-		apod = (P)1;
-	}
-	void apod_bartlett()
-	{
-		apod = (P)1;
-		apod.insert((P)1, (P)0);
-	}
-	void apod_hanning()
-	{
-		apod = (P)0;
-		P x, y;
-		for(unsigned int n=0; n<apod_res; n++)
-		{
-			x = (P)n/(P)apod_res;
-			y = pow( cos( ((P)3.14159 * x) / 2 ), 2);
-			apod.insert(x, y);
-		}
-	}
-	void apod_hamming()
-	{
-		apod = (P)0;
-		P x, y;
-		for(unsigned int n=0; n<apod_res; n++)
-		{
-			x = (P)n/(P)apod_res;
-			y = (P)27/(P)50 + ( (P)23/(P)50 ) * cos((P)3.14159 * x);
-			apod.insert(x, y);
-		}
-	}
-
-	void set_apod(beam_type type)
-	{
-		if(type == Uniform)
-			apod_uniform();
-		if(type == Bartlett)
-			apod_bartlett();
-		if(type == Hanning)
-			apod_hanning();
-		if(type == Hamming)
-			apod_hamming();
-	}
-
-public:
-
-	///constructor: build a default beam (NA=1.0)
-	beam(
-		vec<P> k = rts::vec<P>(0, 0, rtsTAU), 
-		vec<P> _E0 = rts::vec<P>(1, 0, 0), 
-		beam_type _apod = Uniform)
-		: planewave<P>(k, _E0)
-	{
-		_na[0] = (P)0.0;
-		_na[1] = (P)1.0;
-		f = vec<P>( (P)0, (P)0, (P)0 );
-		apod_res = 256;						//set the default resolution for apodization filters
-		set_apod(_apod);						//set the apodization function type
-	}
-
-	beam<P> refract(rts::vec<P> kn) const{
-
-		beam<P> new_beam;
-		new_beam._na[0] = _na[0];
-		new_beam._na[1] = _na[1];
-
-
-		rts::planewave<P> pw = planewave<P>::bend(kn);
-		//std::cout<<pw.str()<<std::endl;
-
-		new_beam.k = pw.kvec();
-		new_beam.E0 = pw.E();
-
-		return new_beam;
-	}
-
-	///Numerical Aperature functions
-	void NA(P na)
-	{
-		_na[0] = (P)0;
-		_na[1] = na;
-	}
-	void NA(P na0, P na1)
-	{
-		_na[0] = na0;
-		_na[1] = na1;
-	}
-
-	/*string str() : 
-	{
-		stringstream ss;
-		ss<<"Beam Center: "<<k<<std::endl;
-
-		return ss.str();
-	}*/
-
-	//Monte-Carlo decomposition into plane waves
-	std::vector< planewave<P> > mc(unsigned int N = 100000, unsigned int seed = 0) const
-	{
-		/*Create Monte-Carlo samples of a cassegrain objective by performing uniform sampling
-			of a sphere and projecting these samples onto an inscribed sphere.
-
-			seed	=	seed for the random number generator
-		*/
-		srand(seed);		//seed the random number generator
-
-		vec<P> k_hat = beam::k.norm();
-
-		///compute the rotation operator to transform (0, 0, 1) to k
-		P cos_angle = k_hat.dot(rts::vec<P>(0, 0, 1));
-		rts::matrix<P, 3> rotation;
-
-		//if the cosine of the angle is -1, the rotation is just a flip across the z axis
-		if(cos_angle == -1){
-			rotation(2, 2) = -1;
-		}
-		else if(cos_angle != 1.0)
-		{
-			rts::vec<P> r_axis = rts::vec<P>(0, 0, 1).cross(k_hat).norm();	//compute the axis of rotation
-			P angle = acos(cos_angle);							//compute the angle of rotation
-			rts::quaternion<P> quat;							//create a quaternion describing the rotation
-			quat.CreateRotation(angle, r_axis);
-			rotation = quat.toMatrix3();							//compute the rotation matrix
-		}
-
-		//find the phi values associated with the cassegrain ring
-		P PHI[2];
-		PHI[0] = (P)asin(_na[0]);
-		PHI[1] = (P)asin(_na[1]);
-
-		//calculate the z-axis cylinder coordinates associated with these angles
-		P Z[2];
-		Z[0] = cos(PHI[0]);
-		Z[1] = cos(PHI[1]);
-		P range = Z[0] - Z[1];
-
-		std::vector< planewave<P> > samples;	//create a vector of plane waves
-
-		//draw a distribution of random phi, z values
-		P z, phi, theta;
-		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)								//for each sample
-		{
-			z = ((P)rand() / (P)RAND_MAX) * range + Z[1];	//find a random position on the surface of a cylinder
-			theta = ((P)rand() / (P)RAND_MAX) * 2 * (P)3.14159;
-			phi = acos(z);									//project onto the sphere, computing phi in spherical coordinates
-
-			//compute and store cartesian coordinates
-			rts::vec<P> spherical(1, theta, phi);				//convert from spherical to cartesian coordinates
-			rts::vec<P> cart = spherical.sph2cart();
-			vec<P> k_prime = rotation * cart;				//create a sample vector
-
-			//store a wave refracted along the given direction
-			//std::cout<<"k prime: "<<rotation<<std::endl;
-			samples.push_back(planewave<P>::refract(k_prime) * apod(phi/PHI[1]));
-		}
-
-		return samples;
-	}
-
-	std::string str()
-	{
-		std::stringstream ss;
-		ss<<"Beam:"<<std::endl;
-		//ss<<"	Central Plane Wave: "<<beam::E0<<" e^i ( "<<beam::k<<" . r )"<<std::endl;
-		ss<<"	Central Plane Wave: "<<beam::k<<std::endl;
-		if(_na[0] == 0)
-			ss<<"	NA: "<<_na[1];
-		else
-			ss<<"	NA: "<<_na[0]<<" -- "<<_na[1];
-
-		return ss.str();
-	}
-
-
-
-};
-
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/optics/efield.cuh b/optics/efield.cuh
deleted file mode 100644
index 5002478..0000000
--- a/optics/efield.cuh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,409 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef	RTS_EFIELD
-#define RTS_EFIELD
-
-#include "../math/complex.h"
-#include "../math/realfield.cuh"
-#include "../visualization/colormap.h"
-#include "../optics/planewave.h"
-#include "../cuda/devices.h"
-#include "../optics/beam.h"
-#include "../math/rect.h"
-
-
-namespace stim{
-
-template<typename T>
-__global__ void gpu_planewave2efield(complex<T>* X, complex<T>* Y, complex<T>* Z, unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1, 
-									 planewave<T> w, rect<T> q)
-{
-    int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-    int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
-
-    //make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
-    if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
-
-    //compute the index into the field
-    int i = iv*r0 + iu;
-
-	//get the current position
-	vec<T> p = q( (T)iu/(T)r0, (T)iv/(T)r1 );
-	vec<T> r(p[0], p[1], p[2]);
-
-	complex<T> x( 0.0f, w.k.dot(r) );
-
-    if(Y == NULL)                       //if this is a scalar simulation
-        X[i] += w.E0.len() * exp(x);    //use the vector magnitude as the plane wave amplitude
-    else
-    {
-        X[i] += w.E0[0] * exp(x);
-        Y[i] += w.E0[1] * exp(x);
-        Z[i] += w.E0[2] * exp(x);
-    }
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-__global__ void gpu_efield_magnitude(complex<T>* X, complex<T>* Y, complex<T>* Z, unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1, T* M)
-{
-	int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-    int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
-
-    //make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
-    if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
-
-    //compute the index into the field
-    int i = iv*r0 + iu;
-
-    if(Y == NULL)                      //if this is a scalar simulation
-	   M[i] = X[i].abs();              //compute the magnitude of the X component
-    else
-    {
-        M[i] = rts::vec<T>(X[i].abs(), Y[i].abs(), Z[i].abs()).len();
-        //M[i] = Z[i].abs();
-    }
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-__global__ void gpu_efield_real_magnitude(complex<T>* X, complex<T>* Y, complex<T>* Z, unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1, T* M)
-{
-    int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-    int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
-
-    //make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
-    if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
-
-    //compute the index into the field
-    int i = iv*r0 + iu;
-
-    if(Y == NULL)                      //if this is a scalar simulation
-       M[i] = X[i].abs();              //compute the magnitude of the X component
-    else
-    {
-        M[i] = rts::vec<T>(X[i].real(), Y[i].real(), Z[i].real()).len();
-        //M[i] = Z[i].abs();
-    }
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-__global__ void gpu_efield_polarization(complex<T>* X, complex<T>* Y, complex<T>* Z, 
-                                        unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1,
-                                        T* Px, T* Py, T* Pz)
-{
-    int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-    int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
-
-    //make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
-    if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
-
-    //compute the index into the field
-    int i = iv*r0 + iu;
-
-    //compute the field polarization
-    Px[i] = X[i].abs();
-    Py[i] = Y[i].abs();
-    Pz[i] = Z[i].abs();
-
-}
-
-/*	This function computes the sum of two complex fields and stores the result in *dest
-*/
-template<typename T>
-__global__ void gpu_efield_sum(complex<T>* dest, complex<T>* src, unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1)
-{
-	int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-    int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
-
-    //make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
-    if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
-
-    //compute the index into the field
-    int i = iv*r0 + iu;
-
-    //sum the fields
-    dest[i] += src[i];
-}
-
-/*  This class implements a discrete representation of an electromagnetic field
-    in 2D. The majority of this representation is done on the GPU.
-*/
-template<typename T>
-class efield
-{
-protected:
-
-    bool vector;
-
-    //gpu pointer to the field data
-    rts::complex<T>* X;
-    rts::complex<T>* Y;
-    rts::complex<T>* Z;
-
-    //resolution of the discrete field
-    unsigned int R[2];
-
-    //shape of the 2D field
-    rect<T> pos;
-
-	void from_planewave(planewave<T> p)
-	{
-        unsigned int SQRT_BLOCK = 16;
-        //create one thread for each detector pixel
-        dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
-        dim3 dimGrid((R[0] + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (R[1] + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
-        
-
-        gpu_planewave2efield<T> <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (X, Y, Z, R[0], R[1], p, pos);
-    }
-
-    void init(unsigned int res0, unsigned int res1, bool _vector)
-    {
-    	vector = _vector;           //initialize field type
-        
-        X = Y = Z = NULL;           //initialize all pointers to NULL
-        R[0] = res0;
-        R[1] = res1;
-
-        //allocate memory on the gpu
-        cudaMalloc(&X, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
-		cudaMemset(X, 0, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
-
-        if(vector)
-        {
-            cudaMalloc(&Y, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
-			cudaMemset(Y, 0, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
-
-            cudaMalloc(&Z, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
-			cudaMemset(Z, 0, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
-        }
-    }
-
-    void destroy()
-    {
-		if(X != NULL) cudaFree(X);
-		if(Y != NULL) cudaFree(Y);
-		if(Z != NULL) cudaFree(Z);
-    }
-
-    void shallowcpy(const rts::efield<T> & src)
-    {
-    	vector = src.vector;
-    	R[0] = src.R[0];
-    	R[1] = src.R[1];
-    }
-
-    void deepcpy(const rts::efield<T> & src)
-    {
-    	//perform a shallow copy
-    	shallowcpy(src);
-
-    	//allocate memory on the gpu
-    	if(src.X != NULL)
-    	{
-    		cudaMalloc(&X, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
-    		cudaMemcpy(X, src.X, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1], cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice);
-    	}
-    	if(src.Y != NULL)
-    	{
-    		cudaMalloc(&Y, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
-    		cudaMemcpy(Y, src.Y, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1], cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice);
-    	}
-    	if(src.Z != NULL)
-    	{
-    		cudaMalloc(&Z, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
-    		cudaMemcpy(Z, src.Z, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1], cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice);
-    	}
-    }
-
-public:
-    efield(unsigned int res0, unsigned int res1, bool _vector = true)
-    {
-        init(res0, res1, _vector);
-        //pos = rts::rect<T>(rts::vec<T>(-10, 0, -10), rts::vec<T>(-10, 0, 10), rts::vec<T>(10, 0, 10));
-    }
-
-    //destructor
-    ~efield()
-    {
-    	destroy();
-    }
-
-    ///Clear the field - set all points to zero
-    void clear()
-    {
-        cudaMemset(X, 0, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
-
-        if(vector)
-        {
-            cudaMemset(Y, 0, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
-            cudaMemset(Z, 0, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
-        }
-    }
-
-    void position(rect<T> _p)
-    {
-        pos = _p;
-    }
-
-    //access functions
-    complex<T>* x(){
-        return X;
-    }
-    complex<T>* y(){
-        return Y;
-    }
-    complex<T>* z(){
-        return Z;
-    }
-    unsigned int Ru(){
-        return R[0];
-    }
-    unsigned int Rv(){
-        return R[1];
-    }
-    rect<T> p(){
-        return pos;
-    }
-
-    std::string str()
-    {
-        stringstream ss;
-        ss<<pos<<std::endl;
-        ss<<"X: "<<X<<std::endl;
-        ss<<"Y: "<<Y<<std::endl;
-        ss<<"Z: "<<Z;
-
-        return ss.str();
-    }
-
-    //assignment operator: assignment from another electric field
-    efield<T> & operator= (const efield<T> & rhs)
-    {
-    	destroy();				//destroy any previous information about this field
-    	deepcpy(rhs);			//create a deep copy
-    	return *this;			//return the current object
-    }
-
-    //assignment operator: build an electric field from a plane wave
-    efield<T> & operator= (const planewave<T> & rhs)
-	{
-		
-		clear();				//clear any previous field data
-		from_planewave(rhs);	//create a field from the planewave
-		return *this;			//return the current object
-	}
-
-	//assignment operator: add an existing electric field
-	efield<T> & operator+= (const efield<T> & rhs)
-	{
-		//if this field and the source field represent the same regions in space
-		if(R[0] == rhs.R[0] && R[1] == rhs.R[1] && pos == rhs.pos)
-		{
-			int maxThreads = rts::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
-			int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
-
-			//create one thread for each detector pixel
-			dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
-			dim3 dimGrid((R[0] + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (R[1] + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
-
-			//sum the fields
-			gpu_efield_sum <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (X, rhs.X, R[0], R[1]);
-			if(Y != NULL)
-			{
-				gpu_efield_sum <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (Y, rhs.Y, R[0], R[1]);
-				gpu_efield_sum <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (Z, rhs.Z, R[0], R[1]);
-			}
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			std::cout<<"ERROR in efield: The two summed fields do not represent the same geometry."<<std::endl;
-			exit(1);
-		}
-
-		return *this;		//return this object
-	}
-
-    //assignment operator: build an electric field from a beam
-    efield<T> & operator= (const rts::beam<T> & rhs)
-    {
-        //get a vector of monte-carlo samples
-        std::vector< rts::planewave<T> > p_list = rhs.mc();
-
-        clear();                //clear any previous field data
-        for(unsigned int i = 0; i < p_list.size(); i++)
-            from_planewave(p_list[i]);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-
-	//return a scalar field representing field magnitude
-    realfield<T, 1, true> mag()
-    {
-		int maxThreads = rts::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
-		int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
-
-		//create a scalar field to store the result
-		realfield<T, 1, true> M(R[0], R[1]);
-
-		//create one thread for each detector pixel
-		dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
-		dim3 dimGrid((R[0] + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (R[1] + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
-
-		//compute the magnitude and store it in a scalar field
-		gpu_efield_magnitude<float> <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (X, Y, Z, R[0], R[1], M.ptr(0));
-
-		return M;
-    }
-
-    //return a sacalar field representing the field magnitude at an infinitely small point in time
-    realfield<T, 1, true> real_mag()
-    {
-        int maxThreads = rts::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
-        int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
-
-        //create a scalar field to store the result
-        realfield<T, 1, true> M(R[0], R[1]);
-
-        //create one thread for each detector pixel
-        dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
-        dim3 dimGrid((R[0] + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (R[1] + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
-
-        //compute the magnitude and store it in a scalar field
-        gpu_efield_real_magnitude<float> <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (X, Y, Z, R[0], R[1], M.ptr(0));
-
-        return M;
-    }
-
-    //return a vector field representing field polarization
-    realfield<T, 3, true> polarization()
-    {
-        if(!vector)
-        {
-            std::cout<<"ERROR: Cannot compute polarization of a scalar field."<<std::endl;
-            exit(1);
-        }
-        int maxThreads = rts::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
-        int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);        
-
-        //create one thread for each detector pixel
-        dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
-        dim3 dimGrid((R[0] + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (R[1] + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
-
-        
-        realfield<T, 3, true> Pol(R[0], R[1]);     //create a vector field to store the result
-
-        //compute the polarization and store it in the vector field
-        gpu_efield_polarization<float> <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (X, Y, Z, R[0], R[1], Pol.ptr(0), Pol.ptr(1), Pol.ptr(2));
-
-        return Pol;                         //return the vector field
-    }
-
-    ////////FRIENDSHIP
-    //friend void operator<< <T>(rts::efield<T> &ef, rts::halfspace<T> hs);
-
-
-};
-
-
-
-}   //end namespace rts
-
-#endif
diff --git a/optics/esphere.cuh b/optics/esphere.cuh
deleted file mode 100644
index 1b5a559..0000000
--- a/optics/esphere.cuh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,162 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_ESPHERE
-#define RTS_ESPHERE
-
-#include "../math/complex.h"
-#include "../math/bessel.h"
-#include "../visualization/colormap.h"
-#include "../optics/planewave.h"
-#include "../cuda/devices.h"
-#include "../optics/efield.cuh"
-
-namespace stim{
-
-/*  This class implements a discrete representation of an electromagnetic field
-    in 2D scattered by a sphere. This class implements Mie scattering.
-*/
-template<typename P>
-class esphere : public efield<P>
-{
-private:
-	stim::complex<P> n;		//sphere refractive index
-	P a;					//sphere radius
-
-	//parameters dependent on wavelength
-	unsigned int Nl;		//number of orders for the calculation
-	rts::complex<P>* A;		//internal scattering coefficients
-	rts::complex<P>* B;		//external scattering coefficients
-
-	void calcNl(P kmag)
-	{
-        //return ceil( ((P)6.282 * a) / lambda + 4 * pow( ((P)6.282 * a) / lambda, ((P)1/(P)3)) + 2);
-		Nl = ceil( kmag*a + 4 * pow(kmag * a, (P)1/(P)3) + 2);
-	}
-
-	void calcAB(P k, unsigned int Nl, rts::complex<P>* A, rts::complex<P>* B)
-	{
-		/*  These calculations require double precision, so they are computed
-			using doubles and converted to P at the end.
-
-			Input:
-
-			k	=	magnitude of the k vector (tau/lambda)
-			Nl	=	highest order coefficient ([0 Nl] are computed)
-		*/
-
-		//clear the previous coefficients
-		rts::complex<P>* cpuA = (rts::complex<P>*)malloc(sizeof(rts::complex<P>) * (Nl+1));
-		rts::complex<P>* cpuB = (rts::complex<P>*)malloc(sizeof(rts::complex<P>) * (Nl+1));
-
-		//convert to an std complex value
-		complex<double> nc = (rts::complex<double>)n;
-
-		//compute the magnitude of the k vector
-		complex<double> kna = nc * k * (double)a;
-
-		//compute the arguments k*a and k*n*a
-		complex<double> ka(k * a, 0.0);
-
-		//allocate space for the Bessel functions of the first and second kind (and derivatives)
-		unsigned int bytes = sizeof(complex<double>) * (Nl + 1);
-		complex<double>* cjv_ka = (complex<double>*)malloc(bytes);
-		complex<double>* cyv_ka = (complex<double>*)malloc(bytes);
-		complex<double>* cjvp_ka = (complex<double>*)malloc(bytes);
-		complex<double>* cyvp_ka = (complex<double>*)malloc(bytes);
-		complex<double>* cjv_kna = (complex<double>*)malloc(bytes);
-		complex<double>* cyv_kna = (complex<double>*)malloc(bytes);
-		complex<double>* cjvp_kna = (complex<double>*)malloc(bytes);
-		complex<double>* cyvp_kna = (complex<double>*)malloc(bytes);
-
-		//allocate space for the spherical Hankel functions and derivative
-		complex<double>* chv_ka = (complex<double>*)malloc(bytes);
-		complex<double>* chvp_ka = (complex<double>*)malloc(bytes);
-
-		//compute the bessel functions using the CPU-based algorithm
-		double vm;
-		cbessjyva_sph(Nl, ka, vm, cjv_ka, cyv_ka, cjvp_ka, cyvp_ka);
-		cbessjyva_sph(Nl, kna, vm, cjv_kna, cyv_kna, cjvp_kna, cyvp_kna);
-
-		//compute A for each order
-		complex<double> i(0, 1);
-		complex<double> a, b, c, d;
-		complex<double> An, Bn;
-		for(int l=0; l<=Nl; l++)
-		{
-			//compute the Hankel functions from j and y
-			chv_ka[l] = cjv_ka[l] + i * cyv_ka[l];
-			chvp_ka[l] = cjvp_ka[l] + i * cyvp_ka[l];
-
-			//Compute A (internal scattering coefficient)
-			//compute the numerator and denominator for A
-			a = cjv_ka[l] * chvp_ka[l] - cjvp_ka[l] * chv_ka[l];
-			b = cjv_kna[l] * chvp_ka[l] - chv_ka[l] * cjvp_kna[l] * nc;
-
-			//calculate A and add it to the list
-			rts::complex<double> An = (2.0 * l + 1.0) * pow(i, l) * (a / b);
-			cpuA[l] = (rts::complex<P>)An;
-
-			//Compute B (external scattering coefficient)
-			c = cjv_ka[l] * cjvp_kna[l] * nc - cjv_kna[l] * cjvp_ka[l];
-			d = cjv_kna[l] * chvp_ka[l] - chv_ka[l] * cjvp_kna[l] * nc;
-
-			//calculate B and add it to the list
-			rts::complex<double> Bn = (2.0 * l + 1.0) * pow(i, l) * (c / d);
-			cpuB[l] = (rts::complex<P>)Bn;
-
-			std::cout<<"A: "<<cpuA[l]<<"     B: "<<cpuB[l]<<std::endl;
-		}
-
-		
-		if(A != NULL)	cudaFree(A);	//free any previous coefficients
-		if(B != NULL)	cudaFree(B);
-		cudaMalloc(&A, sizeof(rts::complex<P>) * (Nl+1));	//allocate memory for new coefficients
-		cudaMalloc(&B, sizeof(rts::complex<P>) * (Nl+1));
-
-		//copy the calculations from the CPU to the GPU
-		cudaMemcpy(A, cpuA, sizeof(rts::complex<P>) * (Nl+1), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
-		cudaMemcpy(B, cpuB, sizeof(rts::complex<P>) * (Nl+1), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
-	}
-
-public:
-
-	esphere(unsigned int res0, unsigned int res1, P _a, rts::complex<P> _n, bool _scalar = false) :
-		efield<P>(res0, res1, _scalar)
-	{
-		std::cout<<"Sphere scattered field created."<<std::endl;
-		n = _n;		//save the refractive index
-		a = _a;		//save the radius
-	}
-
-	//assignment operator: build an electric field from a plane wave
-    efield<P> & operator= (const planewave<P> & rhs)
-	{
-		calcNl(rhs.kmag());		//compute the number of scattering coefficients
-		std::cout<<"Nl: "<<Nl<<std::endl;
-		calcAB(rhs.kmag(), Nl, A, B);	//compute the scattering coefficients
-
-		//determine important parameters for the scattering domain
-		unsigned int sR = ceil(sqrt( (P)(pow((P)esphere::R[0],2) + pow((P)esphere::R[1],2))) );
-		//unsigned int thetaR = 256;
-
-		/////////////////////continue scattering code here/////////////////////////
-
-		esphere::clear();				//clear any previous field data
-		from_planewave(rhs);	//create a field from the planewave
-		return *this;			//return the current object
-	}
-
-	string str()
-	{
-		stringstream ss;
-		ss<<"Mie Scattered Field"<<std::endl;
-		ss<<(*this).efield<P>::str()<<std::endl;
-		ss<<"a = "<<a<<std::endl;
-		ss<<"n = "<<n;
-
-		return ss.str();
-	}
-
-};
-
-}	//end namespace rts
-
-#endif
diff --git a/optics/halfspace.cuh b/optics/halfspace.cuh
deleted file mode 100644
index 0905ce1..0000000
--- a/optics/halfspace.cuh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,339 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef	RTS_HALFSPACE_H
-#define	RTS_HALFSPACE_H
-
-#include "../math/plane.h"
-
-
-namespace stim{
-
-//GPU kernel to compute the electric field
-template<typename T>
-__global__ void gpu_halfspace_pw2ef(complex<T>* X, complex<T>* Y, complex<T>* Z, unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1, 
-									 plane<T> P, planewave<T> w, rect<T> q, bool at_surface = false)
-{
-    int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-    int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
-
-    //make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
-    if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
-
-    //compute the index into the field
-    int i = iv*r0 + iu;
-
-	//get the current position
-	vec<T> p = q( (T)iu/(T)r0, (T)iv/(T)r1 );
-
-	if(at_surface){
-		if(P.side(p) > 0)
-			return;
-	}
-	else{
-		if(P.side(p) >= 0)
-			return;
-	}
-
-	//if the current position is on the wrong side of the plane
-
-	//vec<T> r(p[0], p[1], p[2]);
-
-	complex<T> x( 0.0f, w.kvec().dot(p) );
-	//complex<T> phase( 0.0f, w.phase());
-
-    if(Y == NULL)                       //if this is a scalar simulation
-        X[i] += w.E().len() * exp(x);    //use the vector magnitude as the plane wave amplitude
-    else
-    {
-    	//X[i] = Y[i] = Z[i] = 1;
-        X[i] += w.E()[0] * exp(x);// * exp(phase);
-        Y[i] += w.E()[1] * exp(x);// * exp(phase);
-        Z[i] += w.E()[2] * exp(x);// * exp(phase);
-    }
-}
-
-//GPU kernel to compute the electric displacement field
-template<typename T>
-__global__ void gpu_halfspace_pw2df(complex<T>* X, complex<T>* Y, complex<T>* Z, unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1, 
-									 plane<T> P, planewave<T> w, rect<T> q, T n, bool at_surface = false)
-{
-    int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-    int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
-
-    //make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
-    if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
-
-    //compute the index into the field
-    int i = iv*r0 + iu;
-
-	//get the current position
-	vec<T> p = q( (T)iu/(T)r0, (T)iv/(T)r1 );
-
-	if(at_surface){
-		if(P.side(p) > 0)
-			return;
-	}
-	else{
-		if(P.side(p) >= 0)
-			return;
-	}
-
-	//if the current position is on the wrong side of the plane
-
-	//vec<T> r(p[0], p[1], p[2]);
-
-	complex<T> x( 0.0f, w.kvec().dot(p) );
-	//complex<T> phase( 0.0f, w.phase());
-
-	//vec< complex<T> > testE(1, 0, 0);
-
-	
-
-    if(Y == NULL)                       //if this is a scalar simulation
-        X[i] += w.E().len() * exp(x);    //use the vector magnitude as the plane wave amplitude
-    else
-    {
-    	plane< complex<T> > cplane = plane< complex<T>, 3>(P);
-    	vec< complex<T> > E_para;// = cplane.parallel(w.E());
-		vec< complex<T> > E_perp;// = cplane.perpendicular(w.E()) * (n*n);
-		cplane.decompose(w.E(), E_para, E_perp);
-		T epsilon = n*n;
-
-        X[i] += (E_para[0] + E_perp[0] * epsilon) * exp(x);
-        Y[i] += (E_para[1] + E_perp[1] * epsilon) * exp(x);
-        Z[i] += (E_para[2] + E_perp[2] * epsilon) * exp(x);
-    }
-}
-
-//computes a scalar field containing the refractive index of the half-space at each point
-template<typename T>
-__global__ void gpu_halfspace_n(T* n, unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1, rect<T> q, plane<T> P, T n0, T n1){
-
-	int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-    int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
-
-    //make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
-    if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
-
-    //compute the index into the field
-    int i = iv*r0 + iu;
-
-	//get the current position
-	vec<T> p = q( (T)iu/(T)r0, (T)iv/(T)r1 );
-
-	//set the appropriate refractive index
-	if(P.side(p) < 0) n[i] = n0;
-	else n[i] = n1;
-}
-
-template<class T>
-class halfspace
-{
-private:
-	rts::plane<T> S;		//surface plane splitting the half space
-	rts::complex<T> n0;		//refractive index at the front of the plane
-	rts::complex<T> n1;		//refractive index at the back of the plane
-
-	//lists of waves in front (pw0) and behind (pw1) the plane
-	std::vector< rts::planewave<T> > w0;
-	std::vector< rts::planewave<T> > w1;
-
-	//rts::planewave<T> pi;	//incident plane wave
-	//rts::planewave<T> pr;	//plane wave reflected from the surface
-	//rts::planewave<T> pt;	//plane wave transmitted through the surface
-
-	void init(){
-		n0 = 1.0;
-		n1 = 1.5;
-	}
-
-	//compute which side of the interface is hit by the incoming plane wave (0 = front, 1 = back)
-	bool facing(planewave<T> p){
-		if(p.kvec().dot(S.norm()) > 0)
-			return 1;
-		else
-			return 0;
-	}
-
-	T calc_theta_i(vec<T> v){
-
-		vec<T> v_hat = v.norm();
-
-		//compute the cosine of the angle between k_hat and the plane normal
-		T cos_theta_i = v_hat.dot(S.norm());
-
-		return acos(abs(cos_theta_i));
-	}
-
-	T calc_theta_t(T ni_nt, T theta_i){
-
-		T sin_theta_t = ni_nt * sin(theta_i);
-		return asin(sin_theta_t);
-	}
-
-
-public:
-
-	//constructors
-	halfspace(){
-		init();
-	}
-
-	halfspace(T na, T nb){
-		init();
-		n0 = na;
-		n1 = nb;
-	}
-
-	halfspace(T na, T nb, plane<T> p){
-		n0 = na;
-		n1 = nb;
-		S = p;
-	}
-
-	//compute the transmitted and reflective waves given the incident (vacuum) plane wave p
-	void incident(rts::planewave<T> p){
-
-		planewave<T> r, t;
-		p.scatter(S, n1.real()/n0.real(), r, t);
-
-		//std::cout<<"i+r: "<<p.r()[0] + r.r()[0]<<std::endl;
-		//std::cout<<"t:   "<<t.r()[0]<<std::endl;
-
-		if(facing(p)){
-			w1.push_back(p);
-
-			if(r.E().len() != 0)
-				w1.push_back(r);
-			if(t.E().len() != 0)
-				w0.push_back(t);
-		}
-		else{
-			w0.push_back(p);
-
-			if(r.E().len() != 0)
-				w0.push_back(r);
-			if(t.E().len() != 0)
-				w1.push_back(t);
-		}
-	}
-
-	void incident(rts::beam<T> b, unsigned int N = 10000){
-
-		//generate a plane wave decomposition for the beam
-		std::vector< planewave<T> > pw_list = b.mc(N);
-
-		//calculate the reflected and refracted waves for each incident wave
-		for(unsigned int w = 0; w < pw_list.size(); w++){
-			incident(pw_list[w]);
-		}
-	}
-
-	//return the electric field at the specified resolution and position
-	rts::efield<T> E(unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1, rect<T> R){
-		
-		int maxThreads = rts::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
-		int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
-
-		//create one thread for each detector pixel
-		dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
-		dim3 dimGrid((r0 + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (r1 + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
-
-		//create an electric field
-		rts::efield<T> ef(r0, r1);
-		ef.position(R);
-
-		//render each plane wave
-
-		//plane waves at the surface front
-		for(unsigned int w = 0; w < w0.size(); w++){
-			//std::cout<<"w0 "<<w<<": "<<hs.w0[w].str()<<std::endl;
-			rts::gpu_halfspace_pw2ef<T> <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (ef.x(), ef.y(), ef.z(), r0, r1, S, w0[w], ef.p());
-		}
-
-		//plane waves at the surface back
-		for(unsigned int w = 0; w < w1.size(); w++){
-			//std::cout<<"w1 "<<w<<": "<<hs.w1[w].str()<<std::endl;
-			rts::gpu_halfspace_pw2ef<T> <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (ef.x(), ef.y(), ef.z(), r0, r1, -S, w1[w], ef.p(), true);
-		}
-
-		return ef;
-	}
-
-	//return the electric displacement at the specified resolution and position
-	rts::efield<T> D(unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1, rect<T> R){
-
-		int maxThreads = rts::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
-		int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
-
-		//create one thread for each detector pixel
-		dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
-		dim3 dimGrid((r0 + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (r1 + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
-		
-		//create a complex vector field
-		rts::efield<T> df(r0, r1);
-		df.position(R);
-		
-		//render each plane wave
-
-		//plane waves at the surface front
-		for(unsigned int w = 0; w < w0.size(); w++){
-			//std::cout<<"w0 "<<w<<": "<<hs.w0[w].str()<<std::endl;
-			rts::gpu_halfspace_pw2df<T> <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (df.x(), df.y(), df.z(), r0, r1, S, w0[w], df.p(), n0.real());
-		}
-		
-		//plane waves at the surface back
-		for(unsigned int w = 0; w < w1.size(); w++){
-			//std::cout<<"w1 "<<w<<": "<<hs.w1[w].str()<<std::endl;
-			rts::gpu_halfspace_pw2df<T> <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (df.x(), df.y(), df.z(), r0, r1, -S, w1[w], df.p(), n1.real(), true);
-		}
-		
-		return df;
-	}
-
-	realfield<T, 1, true> nfield(unsigned int Ru, unsigned int Rv, rect<T> p){
-
-		int maxThreads = rts::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
-		int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
-
-		//create one thread for each detector pixel
-		dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
-		dim3 dimGrid((Ru + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (Rv + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
-
-		realfield<T, 1, true> n(Ru, Rv);	//create a scalar field to store the result of n
-
-		rts::gpu_halfspace_n<T> <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (n.ptr(), Ru, Rv, p, S, n0.real(), n1.real());
-
-		return n;
-	}
-
-	std::string str(){
-		std::stringstream ss;
-		ss<<"Half Space-------------"<<std::endl;
-		ss<<"n0: "<<n0<<std::endl;
-		ss<<"n1: "<<n1<<std::endl;
-		ss<<S.str();
-		
-
-		if(w0.size() != 0 || w1.size() != 0){
-			ss<<std::endl<<"Plane Waves:"<<std::endl;
-			for(unsigned int w = 0; w < w0.size(); w++){
-				ss<<"w0 = "<<w<<": "<<w0[w]<<std::endl;
-			}
-			for(unsigned int w = 0; w < w1.size(); w++){
-				ss<<"w1 = "<<w<<": "<<w1[w]<<std::endl;
-			}
-		}
-
-		return ss.str();
-	}
-	////////FRIENDSHIP
-    //friend void operator<< <> (rts::efield<T> &ef, rts::halfspace<T> hs);
-
-};
-
-
-
-
-}
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/optics/material.h b/optics/material.h
deleted file mode 100644
index fb97cd6..0000000
--- a/optics/material.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,153 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_MATERIAL_H
-#define RTS_MATERIAL_H
-
-#include <vector>
-#include <ostream>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <fstream>
-#include <complex>
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <sstream>
-#include "../math/complex.h"
-#include "../math/constants.h"
-#include "../math/function.h"
-
-namespace stim{
-
-//Material class - default representation for the material property is the refractive index (RI)
-template<typename T>
-class material : public function< T, complex<T> >{
-
-public:
-    enum wave_property{microns, inverse_cm};
-    enum material_property{ri, absorbance};
-
-private:
-
-    using function< T, complex<T> >::X;
-    using function< T, complex<T> >::Y;
-    using function< T, complex<T> >::insert;
-    using function< T, complex<T> >::bounding;
-
-    std::string name;	//name for the material (defaults to file name)
-
-    void process_header(std::string str, wave_property& wp, material_property& mp){
-
-    	std::stringstream ss(str);	//create a stream from the data string
-    	std::string line;
-    	std::getline(ss, line);		//get the first line as a string
-		while(line[0] == '#'){		//continue looping while the line is a comment
-
-			std::stringstream lstream(line);	//create a stream from the line
-			lstream.ignore();					//ignore the first character ('#')
-
-			std::string prop;		//get the property name
-			lstream>>prop;
-
-			if(prop == "X"){
-				std::string wp_name;
-				lstream>>wp_name;
-				if(wp_name == "microns") wp = microns;
-				else if(wp_name == "inverse_cm") wp = inverse_cm;
-			}
-			else if(prop == "Y"){
-				std::string mp_name;
-				lstream>>mp_name;
-				if(mp_name == "ri") mp = ri;
-				else if(mp_name == "absorbance") mp = absorbance;
-			}
-
-			std::getline(ss, line);		//get the next line
-		}
-
-		function< T, stim::complex<T> >::process_string(str);
-	}
-
-    void from_inverse_cm(){
-    	//convert inverse centimeters to wavelength (in microns)
-    	for(unsigned int i=0; i<X.size(); i++)
-    		X[i] = 10000 / X[i];
-
-    	//reverse the function array
-    	std::reverse(X.begin(), X.end());
-    	std::reverse(Y.begin(), Y.end());
-
-    }
-
-    void init(){
-    	bounding[0] = bounding[1] = stim::complex<T>(1, 0);
-    }
-
-
-public:
-
-    material(std::string filename, wave_property wp, material_property mp){
-    	name = filename;
-    	load(filename, wp, mp);
-    }
-
-    material(std::string filename){
-    	name = filename;
-    	load(filename);
-    }
-
-    material(){
-    	init();
-    }
-
-    complex<T> getN(T lambda){
-    	return function< T, complex<T> >::linear(lambda);
-    }
-
-    void load(std::string filename, wave_property wp, material_property mp){
-
-    	//load the file as a function
-    	function< T, complex<T> >::load(filename);
-    }
-
-    void load(std::string filename){
-
-    	wave_property wp = inverse_cm;
-    	material_property mp = ri;
-    	//turn the file into a string
-    	std::ifstream t(filename.c_str());	//open the file as a stream
-
-    	if(!t){
-    		std::cout<<"ERROR: Couldn't open the material file '"<<filename<<"'"<<std::endl;
-    		exit(1);
-    	}
-		std::string str((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(t)),
-		std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
-
-		//process the header information
-		process_header(str, wp, mp);
-
-		//convert units
-		if(wp == inverse_cm)
-			from_inverse_cm();
-		//set the bounding values
-		bounding[0] = Y[0];
-		bounding[1] = Y.back();
-    }
-    std::string str(){
-    	std::stringstream ss;
-    	ss<<name<<std::endl;
-    	ss<<function< T, complex<T> >::str();
-    	return ss.str();
-    }
-    std::string get_name(){
-    	return name;
-    }
-
-    void set_name(std::string str){
-    	name = str;
-    }
-
-};
-
-}
-
-
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/optics/mirst-1d.cuh b/optics/mirst-1d.cuh
deleted file mode 100644
index 9279087..0000000
--- a/optics/mirst-1d.cuh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,447 +0,0 @@
-#include "../optics/material.h"
-#include "../math/complexfield.cuh"
-#include "../math/constants.h"
-//#include "../envi/bil.h"
-
-#include "cufft.h"
-
-#include <vector>
-#include <sstream>
-
-namespace stim{
-
-//this function writes a sinc function to "dest" such that an iFFT produces a slab
-template<typename T>
-__global__ void gpu_mirst1d_layer_fft(complex<T>* dest, complex<T>* ri, 
-									  T* src, T* zf, 
-									  T w, unsigned int zR, unsigned int nuR){
-	//dest = complex field representing the sample
-	//ri = refractive indices for each wavelength
-	//src = intensity of the light source for each wavelength
-	//zf = z position of the slab interface for each wavelength (accounting for optical path length)
-	//w = width of the slab (in pixels)
-	//zR = number of z-axis samples
-	//nuR = number of wavelengths
-
-    //get the current coordinate in the plane slice
-	int ifz = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-	int inu = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
-
-	//make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
-	if(inu >= nuR || ifz >= zR) return;
-
-	int i = inu * zR + ifz;
-
-    T fz;
-    if(ifz < zR/2)
-        fz = ifz / (T)zR;
-    else
-        fz = -(zR - ifz) / (T)zR;
-
-    //if the slab starts outside of the simulation domain, just return
-    if(zf[inu] >= zR) return;
-
-	//fill the array along z with a sinc function representing the Fourier transform of the layer
-
-	T opl = w * ri[inu].real();			//optical path length
-
-	//handle the case where the slab goes outside the simulation domain
-	if(zf[inu] + opl >= zR)
-		opl = zR - zf[inu];
-
-	if(opl == 0) return;
-
-	//T l = w * ri[inu].real();
-	//complex<T> e(0.0, -2 * PI * fz * (zf[inu] + zR/2 - l/2.0));
-	complex<T> e(0, -2 * stimPI * fz * (zf[inu] + opl/2));
-
-	complex<T> eta = ri[inu] * ri[inu] - 1;
-
-	//dest[i] = fz;//exp(e) * m[inu] * src[inu] * sin(PI * fz * l) / (PI * fz);
-	if(ifz == 0)
-        dest[i] += opl * exp(e) * eta * src[inu];
-    else
-        dest[i] += opl * exp(e) * eta * src[inu] * sin(stimPI * fz * opl) / (stimPI * fz * opl);
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-__global__ void gpu_mirst1d_increment_z(T* zf, complex<T>* ri, T w, unsigned int S){
-	//zf = current z depth (optical path length) in pixels
-	//ri = refractive index of the material
-	//w = actual width of the layer (in pixels)
-
-
-	//compute the index for this thread
-	int i = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-	if(i >= S) return;
-
-	if(ri == NULL)
-		zf[i] += w;
-	else
-		zf[i] += ri[i].real() * w;
-}
-
-//apply the 1D MIRST filter to an existing sample (overwriting the sample)
-template<typename T>
-__global__ void gpu_mirst1d_apply_filter(complex<T>* sampleFFT, T* lambda, 
-								 T dFz,
-								 T inNA, T outNA, 
-								 unsigned int lambdaR, unsigned int zR, 
-								 T sigma = 0){
-	//sampleFFT = the sample in the Fourier domain (will be overwritten)
-	//lambda = list of wavelengths
-	//dFz = delta along the Fz axis in the frequency domain
-	//inNA = NA of the internal obscuration
-	//outNA = NA of the objective
-	//zR = number of pixels along the Fz axis (same as the z-axis)
-	//lambdaR = number of wavelengths
-	//sigma = width of the Gaussian source
-	int ifz = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-	int inu = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
-
-	if(inu >= lambdaR || ifz >= zR) return;
-
-	//calculate the index into the sample FT
-	int i = inu * zR + ifz;
-
-	//compute the frequency (and set all negative spatial frequencies to zero)
-	T fz;
-	if(ifz < zR / 2)
-	    fz = ifz * dFz;
-	//if the spatial frequency is negative, set it to zero and exit
-	else{
-	    sampleFFT[i] = 0;
-	    return;
-	}
-
-	//compute the frequency in inverse microns
-	T nu = 1/lambda[inu];
-
-	//determine the radius of the integration circle
-	T nu_sq = nu * nu;
-	T fz_sq = (fz * fz) / 4;
-
-	//cut off frequencies above the diffraction limit
-	T r;
-	if(fz_sq < nu_sq)
-	    r = sqrt(nu_sq - fz_sq);
-	else
-	    r = 0;
-
-	//account for the optics
-	T Q = 0;
-	if(r > nu * inNA && r < nu * outNA)
-	    Q = 1;
-
-	//account for the source
-	//T sigma = 30.0;
-	T s = exp( - (r*r * sigma*sigma) / 2 );
-	//T s=1;
-
-	//compute the final filter
-	T mirst = 0;
-	if(fz != 0)
-	    mirst = 2 * stimPI * r * s * Q * (1/fz);
-
-	sampleFFT[i] *= mirst;
-
-}
-
-/*This object performs a 1-dimensional (layered) MIRST simulation
-*/
-template<typename T>
-class mirst1d{
-
-private:
-	unsigned int Z;	//z-axis resolution
-	unsigned int pad;	//pixel padding on either side of the sample
-
-	std::vector< material<T> > matlist;	//list of materials
-	std::vector< T > layers;				//list of layer thicknesses
-
-	std::vector< T > lambdas;		//list of wavelengths that are being simulated
-	unsigned int S;					//number of wavelengths (size of "lambdas")
-
-	T NA[2];						//numerical aperature (central obscuration and outer diameter)
-
-	function<T, T> source_profile;	//profile (spectrum) of the source (expressed in inverse centimeters)
-
-	complexfield<T, 1> scratch;		//scratch GPU memory used to build samples, transforms, etc.
-
-	void fft(int direction = CUFFT_FORWARD){
-
-		unsigned padZ = Z + pad;
-		
-		//create cuFFT handles
-		cufftHandle plan;
-		cufftResult result;
-		
-		if(sizeof(T) == 4)
-			result = cufftPlan1d(&plan, padZ, CUFFT_C2C, lambdas.size());	//single precision
-		else
-			result = cufftPlan1d(&plan, padZ, CUFFT_Z2Z, lambdas.size());	//double precision
-
-		//check for Plan 1D errors
-		if(result != CUFFT_SUCCESS){
-			std::cout<<"Error creating CUFFT plan for computing the FFT:"<<std::endl;
-			CufftError(result);
-			exit(1);
-		}
-
-		if(sizeof(T) == 4)
-			result = cufftExecC2C(plan, (cufftComplex*)scratch.ptr(), (cufftComplex*)scratch.ptr(), direction);
-		else
-			result = cufftExecZ2Z(plan, (cufftDoubleComplex*)scratch.ptr(), (cufftDoubleComplex*)scratch.ptr(), direction);
-
-		//check for FFT errors
-		if(result != CUFFT_SUCCESS){
-			std::cout<<"Error executing CUFFT to compute the FFT."<<std::endl;
-			CufftError(result);
-			exit(1);
-		}
-
-		cufftDestroy(plan);
-	}
-
-
-	//initialize the scratch memory
-	void init_scratch(){
-		scratch = complexfield<T, 1>(Z + pad , lambdas.size());
-		scratch = 0;
-	}
-
-	//get the list of scattering efficiency (eta) values for a specified layer
-	std::vector< complex<T> > layer_etas(unsigned int l){
-
-		std::vector< complex<T> > etas;
-
-		//fill the list of etas
-		for(unsigned int i=0; i<lambdas.size(); i++)
-			etas.push_back( matlist[l].eta(lambdas[i]) );
-		return etas;
-	}
-
-	//calculates the optimal block and grid sizes using information from the GPU
-	void cuda_params(dim3& grids, dim3& blocks){
-		int maxThreads = stim::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
-		int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
-
-		//create one thread for each detector pixel
-		blocks = dim3(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
-		grids = dim3(((Z + 2 * pad) + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (S + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
-	}
-
-	//add the fourier transform of layer n to the scratch space
-	void build_layer_fft(unsigned int n, T* zf){
-		unsigned int paddedZ = Z + pad;
-
-		T wpx = layers[n] / dz();	//calculate the width of the layer in pixels
-
-		//allocate memory for the refractive index
-		complex<T>* gpuRi;
-		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc( (void**)&gpuRi, sizeof(complex<T>) * S));
-
-		//allocate memory for the source profile
-		T* gpuSrc;
-		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc( (void**)&gpuSrc, sizeof(T) * S));
-
-		complex<T> ri;
-		T source;
-		//store the refractive index and source profile in a CPU array
-		for(int inu=0; inu<S; inu++){
-			//save the refractive index to the GPU
-			ri = matlist[n].getN(lambdas[inu]);
-			HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy( gpuRi + inu, &ri, sizeof(complex<T>), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice ));
-
-			//save the source profile to the GPU
-			source = source_profile(10000 / lambdas[inu]);
-			HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy( gpuSrc + inu, &source, sizeof(T), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice ));
-
-		}
-
-		//create one thread for each pixel of the field slice
-		dim3 gridDim, blockDim;
-		cuda_params(gridDim, blockDim);
-		stim::gpu_mirst1d_layer_fft<<<gridDim, blockDim>>>(scratch.ptr(), gpuRi, gpuSrc, zf, wpx, paddedZ, S);
-
-		int linBlock = stim::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
-		int linGrid = S / linBlock + 1;
-		stim::gpu_mirst1d_increment_z <<<linGrid, linBlock>>>(zf, gpuRi, wpx, S);
-
-		//free memory
-		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaFree(gpuRi));
-		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaFree(gpuSrc));
-	}
-
-	void build_sample(){
-		init_scratch();		//initialize the GPU scratch space
-		//build_layer(1);
-
-		T* zf;
-		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc(&zf, sizeof(T) * S));
-		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemset(zf, 0, sizeof(T) * S));
-
-		//render each layer of the sample
-		for(unsigned int l=0; l<layers.size(); l++){
-			build_layer_fft(l, zf);
-		}
-
-		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaFree(zf));
-	}
-
-	void apply_filter(){
-		dim3 gridDim, blockDim;
-		cuda_params(gridDim, blockDim);
-
-		unsigned int Zpad = Z + pad;
-
-		T sim_range = dz() * Zpad;
-    	T dFz = 1 / sim_range;
-
-		//copy the array of wavelengths to the GPU
-		T* gpuLambdas;
-		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc(&gpuLambdas, sizeof(T) * Zpad));
-		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(gpuLambdas, &lambdas[0], sizeof(T) * Zpad, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
-		stim::gpu_mirst1d_apply_filter <<<gridDim, blockDim>>>(scratch.ptr(), gpuLambdas, 
-								 dFz,
-								 NA[0], NA[1], 
-								 S, Zpad);
-	}
-
-	//crop the image to the sample thickness - keep in mind that sample thickness != optical path length
-	void crop(){
-
-		scratch = scratch.crop(Z, S);
-	}
-	
-	//save the scratch field as a binary file
-	void to_binary(std::string filename){
-
-	}
-
-
-public:
-
-	//constructor
-	mirst1d(unsigned int rZ = 100,
-			unsigned int padding = 0){
-		Z = rZ;
-		pad = padding;
-		NA[0] = 0;
-		NA[1] = 0.8;
-		S = 0;
-		source_profile = 1;
-	}
-
-	//add a layer, thickness = microns
-	void add_layer(material<T> mat, T thickness){
-		matlist.push_back(mat);
-		layers.push_back(thickness);
-	}
-
-	void add_layer(std::string filename, T thickness){
-		add_layer(material<T>(filename), thickness);
-	}
-
-	//adds a profile spectrum for the light source
-	void set_source(std::string filename){
-		source_profile.load(filename);
-	}
-
-	//adds a block of wavenumbers (cm^-1) to the simulation parameters
-	void add_wavenumbers(unsigned int start, unsigned int stop, unsigned int step){
-		unsigned int nu = start;
-		while(nu <= stop){
-			lambdas.push_back((T)10000 / nu);
-			nu += step;
-		}
-		S = lambdas.size();		//increment the number of wavelengths (shorthand for later)
-	}
-
-	T thickness(){
-		T t = 0;
-		for(unsigned int l=0; l<layers.size(); l++)
-			t += layers[l];
-		return t;
-	}
-
-	void padding(unsigned int padding = 0){
-		pad = padding;
-	}
-
-	T dz(){
-		return thickness() / Z;		//calculate the z-axis step size
-	}
-
-	void na(T in, T out){
-		NA[0] = in;
-		NA[1] = out;
-	}
-
-	void na(T out){
-		na(0, out);
-	}
-
-	stim::function<T, T> get_source(){
-		return source_profile;
-	}
-
-	void save_sample(std::string filename){
-		//create a sample and save the magnitude as an image
-		build_sample();
-		fft(CUFFT_INVERSE);
-		scratch.toImage(filename, stim::complexfield<T, 1>::magnitude);
-	}
-
-	void save_mirst(std::string filename, bool binary = true){
-		//apply the MIRST filter to a sample and save the image
-
-		//build the sample in the Fourier domain
-		build_sample();
-
-		//apply the MIRST filter
-		apply_filter();
-
-		//apply an inverse FFT to bring the results back into the spatial domain
-		fft(CUFFT_INVERSE);
-
-		crop();
-
-		//save the image
-		if(binary)
-			to_binary(filename);
-		else
-			scratch.toImage(filename, stim::complexfield<T, 1>::magnitude);
-	}
-
-
-
-
-	std::string str(){
-
-		stringstream ss;
-		ss<<"1D MIRST Simulation========================="<<std::endl;
-		ss<<"z-axis resolution: "<<Z<<std::endl;
-		ss<<"simulation domain: ["<<lambdas[0]<<", "<<lambdas.back()<<"]"<<std::endl;
-		ss<<"number of wavelengths: "<<lambdas.size()<<std::endl;
-		ss<<"padding: "<<pad<<std::endl;
-		ss<<"sample thickness: "<<thickness()<<" um"<<std::endl;
-		ss<<"dz: "<<dz()<<" um"<<std::endl;
-		ss<<std::endl;
-		ss<<layers.size()<<" layers-------------"<<std::endl;
-		for(unsigned int l=0; l<layers.size(); l++)
-			ss<<"layer "<<l<<": "<<layers[l]<<" um"<<"---------"<<std::endl<<matlist[l].str()<<std::endl;
-
-		ss<<"source profile-----------"<<std::endl;
-		ss<<get_source().str()<<std::endl;
-
-		return ss.str();
-
-
-	}
-
-
-
-};
-
-}
diff --git a/optics/planewave.h b/optics/planewave.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 6a295f9..0000000
--- a/optics/planewave.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,318 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_PLANEWAVE
-#define RTS_PLANEWAVE
-
-#include <string>
-#include <sstream>
-
-#include "../math/vector.h"
-#include "../math/quaternion.h"
-#include "../math/constants.h"
-#include "../math/plane.h"
-#include "../cuda/callable.h"
-
-/*Basic conversions used here (assuming a vacuum)
-	lambda =
-*/
-
-namespace stim{
-
-template<typename T>
-class planewave{
-
-protected:
-
-	vec<T> k;	//k = tau / lambda
-	vec< complex<T> > E0;		//amplitude
-	//T phi;
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE planewave<T> bend(rts::vec<T> kn) const{
-
-		vec<T> kn_hat = kn.norm();				//normalize the new k
-		vec<T> k_hat = k.norm();				//normalize the current k
-
-		//std::cout<<"PLANE WAVE BENDING------------------"<<std::endl;
-		//std::cout<<"kn_hat: "<<kn_hat<<"     k_hat: "<<k_hat<<std::endl;
-
-		planewave<T> new_p;						//create a new plane wave
-
-		//if kn is equal to k or -k, handle the degenerate case
-		T k_dot_kn = k_hat.dot(kn_hat);
-
-		//if k . n < 0, then the bend is a reflection
-			//flip k_hat
-		if(k_dot_kn < 0) k_hat = -k_hat;
-
-		//std::cout<<"k dot kn: "<<k_dot_kn<<std::endl;
-
-		//std::cout<<"k_dot_kn: "<<k_dot_kn<<std::endl;
-		if(k_dot_kn == -1){
-			new_p.k = -k;
-			new_p.E0 = E0;
-			return new_p;
-		}
-		else if(k_dot_kn == 1){
-			new_p.k = k;
-			new_p.E0 = E0;
-			return new_p;
-		}
-
-		vec<T> r = k_hat.cross(kn_hat);			//compute the rotation vector
-
-		//std::cout<<"r: "<<r<<std::endl;
-
-		T theta = asin(r.len());				//compute the angle of the rotation about r
-
-		
-
-		//deal with a zero vector (both k and kn point in the same direction)
-		//if(theta == (T)0)
-		//{
-		//	new_p = *this;
-		//	return new_p;
-		//}
-
-		//create a quaternion to capture the rotation
-		quaternion<T> q;
-		q.CreateRotation(theta, r.norm());
-
-		//apply the rotation to E0
-		vec< complex<T> > E0n = q.toMatrix3() * E0;
-
-		new_p.k = kn_hat * kmag();
-		new_p.E0 = E0n;
-
-		return new_p;
-	}
-
-public:
-
-
-	///constructor: create a plane wave propagating along z, polarized along x
-	/*planewave(T lambda = (T)1)
-	{
-		k = rts::vec<T>(0, 0, 1) * (TAU/lambda);
-		E0 = rts::vec<T>(1, 0, 0);
-	}*/
-	///constructor: create a plane wave propagating along k, polarized along _E0, at frequency _omega
-	CUDA_CALLABLE planewave(vec<T> kvec = rts::vec<T>(0, 0, rtsTAU), 
-							vec< complex<T> > E = rts::vec<T>(1, 0, 0), T phase = 0)
-	{
-		//phi = phase;
-
-		k = kvec;
-		vec< complex<T> > k_hat = k.norm();
-
-		if(E.len() == 0)			//if the plane wave has an amplitude of 0
-			E0 = vec<T>(0);			//just return it
-		else{
-			vec< complex<T> > s = (k_hat.cross(E)).norm();		//compute an orthogonal side vector
-			vec< complex<T> > E_hat = (s.cross(k)).norm();	//compute a normalized E0 direction vector
-			E0 = E_hat * E_hat.dot(E);					//compute the projection of _E0 onto E0_hat
-		}
-
-		E0 = E0 * exp( complex<T>(0, phase) );
-	}
-
-	///multiplication operator: scale E0
-    CUDA_CALLABLE planewave<T> & operator* (const T & rhs)
-	{
-		
-		E0 = E0 * rhs;
-		return *this;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE T lambda() const
-	{
-		return rtsTAU / k.len();
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE T kmag() const
-	{
-		return k.len();
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec< complex<T> > E(){
-		return E0;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T> kvec(){
-		return k;
-	}
-
-	/*CUDA_CALLABLE T phase(){
-		return phi;
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE void phase(T p){
-		phi = p;
-	}*/
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE vec< complex<T> > pos(vec<T> p = vec<T>(0, 0, 0)){
-		vec< complex<T> > result;
-
-		T kdp = k.dot(p);
-		complex<T> x = complex<T>(0, kdp);
-		complex<T> expx = exp(x);
-
-		result[0] = E0[0] * expx;
-		result[1] = E0[1] * expx;
-		result[2] = E0[2] * expx;
-
-		return result;
-	}
-
-	//scales k based on a transition from material ni to material nt
-	CUDA_CALLABLE planewave<T> n(T ni, T nt){
-		return planewave<T>(k * (nt / ni), E0);
-	}
-
-	CUDA_CALLABLE planewave<T> refract(rts::vec<T> kn) const
-	{
-		return bend(kn);
-	}
-
-	void scatter(rts::plane<T> P, T nr, planewave<T> &r, planewave<T> &t){
-
-		int facing = P.face(k);		//determine which direction the plane wave is coming in
-
-		//if(facing == 0)				//if the wave is tangent to the plane, return an identical wave
-		//	return *this;
-		//else 
-		if(facing == -1){		//if the wave hits the back of the plane, invert the plane and nr
-			P = P.flip();			//flip the plane
-			nr = 1/nr;				//invert the refractive index (now nr = n0/n1)
-		}
-
-		//use Snell's Law to calculate the transmitted angle
-		T cos_theta_i = k.norm().dot(-P.norm());				//compute the cosine of theta_i
-		T theta_i = acos(cos_theta_i);							//compute theta_i
-		T sin_theta_t = (1/nr) * sin(theta_i);						//compute the sine of theta_t using Snell's law
-		T theta_t = asin(sin_theta_t);							//compute the cosine of theta_t
-
-		bool tir = false;						//flag for total internal reflection
-		if(theta_t != theta_t){
-			tir = true;
-			theta_t = rtsPI / (T)2;
-		}
-
-		//handle the degenerate case where theta_i is 0 (the plane wave hits head-on)
-		if(theta_i == 0){
-			T rp = (1 - nr) / (1 + nr);		//compute the Fresnel coefficients
-			T tp = 2 / (1 + nr);
-			vec<T> kr = -k;
-			vec<T> kt = k * nr;			//set the k vectors for theta_i = 0
-			vec< complex<T> > Er = E0 * rp;		//compute the E vectors
-			vec< complex<T> > Et = E0 * tp;
-			T phase_t = P.p().dot(k - kt);	//compute the phase offset
-			T phase_r = P.p().dot(k - kr);
-			//std::cout<<"Degeneracy: Head-On"<<std::endl;
-			//std::cout<<"rs: "<<rp<<"  rp: "<<rp<<"  ts: "<<tp<<"  tp: "<<tp<<std::endl;
-			//std::cout<<"phase r: "<<phase_r<<"  phase t: "<<phase_t<<std::endl;
-
-			//create the plane waves
-			r = planewave<T>(kr, Er, phase_r);
-			t = planewave<T>(kt, Et, phase_t);
-
-			//std::cout<<"i + r: "<<pos()[0] + r.pos()[0]<<pos()[1] + r.pos()[1]<<pos()[2] + r.pos()[2]<<std::endl;
-			//std::cout<<"t:     "<<t.pos()[0]<<t.pos()[1]<<t.pos()[2]<<std::endl;
-			//std::cout<<"--------------------------------"<<std::endl;
-			return;
-		}
-
-
-		//compute the Fresnel coefficients
-		T rp, rs, tp, ts;
-		rp = tan(theta_t - theta_i) / tan(theta_t + theta_i);
-		rs = sin(theta_t - theta_i) / sin(theta_t + theta_i);
-		
-		if(tir){
-			tp = ts = 0;
-		}
-		else{
-			tp = ( 2 * sin(theta_t) * cos(theta_i) ) / ( sin(theta_t + theta_i) * cos(theta_t - theta_i) );
-			ts = ( 2 * sin(theta_t) * cos(theta_i) ) / sin(theta_t + theta_i);
-		}
-
-		//compute the coordinate space for the plane of incidence
-		vec<T> z_hat = -P.norm();
-		vec<T> y_hat = P.parallel(k).norm();
-		vec<T> x_hat = y_hat.cross(z_hat).norm();
-
-		//compute the k vectors for r and t
-		vec<T> kr, kt;
-		kr = ( y_hat * sin(theta_i) - z_hat * cos(theta_i) ) * kmag();
-		kt = ( y_hat * sin(theta_t) + z_hat * cos(theta_t) ) * kmag() * nr;
-
-		//compute the magnitude of the p- and s-polarized components of the incident E vector
-		complex<T> Ei_s = E0.dot(x_hat);
-		//int sgn = (0 < E0.dot(y_hat)) - (E0.dot(y_hat) < 0);
-		int sgn = E0.dot(y_hat).sgn();
-		vec< complex<T> > cx_hat = x_hat;
-		complex<T> Ei_p = ( E0 - cx_hat * Ei_s ).len() * sgn;
-		//T Ei_p = ( E0 - x_hat * Ei_s ).len();
-		//compute the magnitude of the p- and s-polarized components of the reflected E vector
-		complex<T> Er_s = Ei_s * rs;
-		complex<T> Er_p = Ei_p * rp;
-		//compute the magnitude of the p- and s-polarized components of the transmitted E vector
-		complex<T> Et_s = Ei_s * ts;
-		complex<T> Et_p = Ei_p * tp;
-
-		//std::cout<<"E0: "<<E0<<std::endl;
-		//std::cout<<"E0 dot y_hat: "<<E0.dot(y_hat)<<std::endl;
-		//std::cout<<"theta i: "<<theta_i<<"  theta t: "<<theta_t<<std::endl;
-		//std::cout<<"x_hat: "<<x_hat<<"  y_hat: "<<y_hat<<"  z_hat: "<<z_hat<<std::endl;
-		//std::cout<<"Ei_s: "<<Ei_s<<"  Ei_p: "<<Ei_p<<"  Er_s: "<<Er_s<<"  Er_p: "<<Er_p<<"  Et_s: "<<Et_s<<"  Et_p: "<<Et_p<<std::endl;
-		//std::cout<<"rs: "<<rs<<"  rp: "<<rp<<"  ts: "<<ts<<"  tp: "<<tp<<std::endl;
-		
-
-		//compute the reflected E vector
-		vec< complex<T> > Er = vec< complex<T> >(y_hat * cos(theta_i) + z_hat * sin(theta_i)) * Er_p + cx_hat * Er_s;
-		//compute the transmitted E vector
-		vec< complex<T> > Et = vec< complex<T> >(y_hat * cos(theta_t) - z_hat * sin(theta_t)) * Et_p + cx_hat * Et_s;
-
-		T phase_t = P.p().dot(k - kt);
-		T phase_r = P.p().dot(k - kr);
-
-		//std::cout<<"phase r: "<<phase_r<<"  phase t: "<<phase_t<<std::endl;
-
-		//std::cout<<"phase: "<<phase<<std::endl;
-
-		//create the plane waves
-		r.k = kr;
-		r.E0 = Er * exp( complex<T>(0, phase_r) );
-		//r.phi = phase_r;
-
-		//t = bend(kt);
-		//t.k = t.k * nr;
-
-		t.k = kt;
-		t.E0 = Et * exp( complex<T>(0, phase_t) );
-		//t.phi = phase_t;
-		//std::cout<<"i: "<<str()<<std::endl;
-		//std::cout<<"r: "<<r.str()<<std::endl;
-		//std::cout<<"t: "<<t.str()<<std::endl;
-
-		//std::cout<<"i + r: "<<pos()[0] + r.pos()[0]<<pos()[1] + r.pos()[1]<<pos()[2] + r.pos()[2]<<std::endl;
-		//std::cout<<"t:     "<<t.pos()[0]<<t.pos()[1]<<t.pos()[2]<<std::endl;
-		//std::cout<<"--------------------------------"<<std::endl;
-
-	}
-
-	std::string str()
-	{
-		std::stringstream ss;
-		ss<<"Plane Wave:"<<std::endl;
-		ss<<"	"<<E0<<" e^i ( "<<k<<" . r )";
-		return ss.str();
-	}
-};
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, rts::planewave<T> p)
-{
-    os<<p.str();
-    return os;
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/parser/arguments.h b/parser/arguments.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 576ae33..0000000
--- a/parser/arguments.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,436 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef STIM_ARGUMENTS
-#define STIM_ARGUMENTS
-
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <iomanip>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <iterator>
-#include <algorithm>
-
-#ifdef _WIN32
-#include <Windows.h>
-#endif
-
-namespace stim{
-
-	class cmd_option
-	{
-	private:
-		bool ansi;
-
-		//argument name
-		std::string name;
-
-		//description of the argument
-		std::vector<std::string> desc;
-
-		//argument values
-		std::vector<std::string> vals;
-
-		//range or example
-		std::string range;
-
-		//flag is true when the argument is user-specified
-		bool flag;
-
-		void parse_val(const std::string &s){
-
-			vals.clear();
-
-			std::stringstream ss(s);
-			std::string item;
-			while (std::getline(ss, item, ' ')) {
-				vals.push_back(item);
-			}
-		}
-
-		void parse_desc(const std::string &s){
-
-			desc.clear();
-
-			std::stringstream ss(s);
-			std::string item;
-			while (std::getline(ss, item, '\n')) {
-				desc.push_back(item);
-			}
-		}
-
-	public:
-		void set_ansi(bool b){ ansi = b; }
-        //create an option with a given name, description, and default value
-		cmd_option(std::string _name, std::string _desc, std::string _default = "", std::string _range = "")
-		{
-			name = _name;
-			parse_desc(_desc);
-			parse_val(_default);
-
-			//if a default value is provided, set the flag
-			if(_default != "")
-                flag = true;
-            else flag = false;
-
-			range = _range;
-
-
-		}
-
-		int nargs()
-		{
-            return vals.size();
-        }
-
-		//return the value of a text option
-		std::string as_string(unsigned int n = 0)
-		{
-            if(!flag)
-            {
-                std::cout<<"ERROR - Option requested without being set: "<<name<<std::endl;
-                exit(1);
-            }
-
-            if(vals.size() > n)
-                return vals[n];
-
-            else return "";
-		}
-
-        //return the value of a floating point option
-		float as_float(unsigned int n = 0)
-		{
-            if(!flag)
-            {
-                std::cout<<"ERROR - option requested without being set: "<<name<<std::endl;
-                exit(1);
-            }
-
-            if(vals.size() > n)
-            {
-                float r;
-                if ( ! (std::istringstream(vals[n]) >> r) ) r = 0;
-                return r;
-            }
-
-            else return 0;
-		}
-
-		//return the value of an integer option
-		int as_int(unsigned int n = 0)
-		{
-            if(!flag)
-            {
-                std::cout<<"ERROR - option requested without being set: "<<name<<std::endl;
-                exit(1);
-            }
-
-            if(vals.size() > n)
-            {
-                int r;
-                if ( ! (std::istringstream(vals[n]) >> r) ) r = 0;
-                return r;
-            }
-
-            else return 0;
-		}
-
-		//get the width of the left column
-		int col_width()
-		{
-            int n = 3;
-            //add the length of the option name
-            n += name.size();
-
-            //if there are any default parameters
-            if(vals.size() > 0)
-            {
-                //padding (parenthesis, =, etc.)
-                n += 6;
-
-                //for each default option value
-                for(unsigned int v=0; v<vals.size(); v++)
-                    n += vals[v].size() + 1;
-            }
-
-            //add a buffer of 4 characters
-            n += 4;
-
-            return n;
-		}
-
-
-		//string output
-		std::string toStr(int width = 0)
-		{
-			std::stringstream ss;
-
-			int color_size = 0;
-
-
-			//create the left column
-			std::string left_part = std::string(" --") + name;
-			if(vals.size() != 0)
-			{
-				if(ansi)
-					left_part += "\033[1;32m";
-				left_part += " ( = ";
-				for(unsigned int v=0; v<vals.size(); v++)
-					left_part += vals[v] + std::string(" ");
-				left_part += ")";
-				if(ansi)
-					left_part += "\033[0m";
-				if(ansi)
-					color_size = 11;
-			}
-			else
-                color_size = 0;
-
-			//if no width is passed, put 4 spaces between left and right columns
-			if(width == 0) width = col_width();
-
-			ss<<std::left<<std::setw(width + color_size)<<left_part;
-
-			//output right column
-			for(unsigned int d=0; d<desc.size(); d++)
-			{
-				if(d == 0)
-					ss<<desc[0];
-				else
-					ss<<std::endl<<std::setfill(' ')<<std::setw(width)<<" "<<desc[d];
-
-			}
-
-			//output the range in the right column
-			if(range != "" && ansi)
-                ss<<std::endl<<std::setfill(' ')<<std::setw(width)<<" "<<"    "<<std::string("\033[1;36m") + range + "\033[0m";
-			else if(range != "")
-				ss<<std::endl<<std::setfill(' ')<<std::setw(width)<<" "<<"    "<<range;
-
-			return ss.str();
-		}
-
-		//compare the name of the option to a string
-		bool operator==(std::string rhs)
-		{
-            return (name == rhs);
-		}
-
-		//set the option to a given value
-		void set(std::string _value)
-		{
-            parse_val(_value);
-
-            //set the flag
-            flag = true;
-		}
-
-		bool is_set()
-		{
-            return flag;
-        }
-
-	};
-
-	struct argsection
-	{
-		std::string name;
-		unsigned int index;
-	};
-
-	class arglist
-	{
-    private:
-		bool ansi;
-
-		//vector of options
-        std::vector<cmd_option> opts;
-        std::vector<std::string> args;
-
-		//column width of the longest option
-        int col_width;
-
-		//list of sections
-		std::vector<argsection> sections;
-
-    public:
-
-        arglist(){
-        	col_width = 0;
-        	ansi = true;
-        }
-
-		void set_ansi(bool b)
-		{
-			ansi = b;
-			for(unsigned int i=0; i<opts.size(); i++)
-				opts[i].set_ansi(ansi);
-		}
-
-        void add(std::string _name, std::string _desc, std::string _default = "", std::string _range = "")
-        {
-            cmd_option opt(_name, _desc, _default, _range);
-			opt.set_ansi(ansi);
-            opts.push_back(opt);
-
-            col_width = std::max<int>(col_width, opt.col_width());
-        }
-
-		void section(std::string _name)
-		{
-			argsection s;
-			s.name = _name;
-			s.index = opts.size();
-			sections.push_back(s);
-		}
-
-        //output the options (generally in response to --help)
-        std::string str()
-        {
-            std::stringstream ss;
-
-            int si = -1;
-
-            if(sections.size() > 0)
-                si = 0;
-
-            //for each option
-            for(unsigned int a=0; a<opts.size(); a++)
-            {
-                if(si != -1 && a == sections[si].index)
-                {
-					if(ansi)
-						ss<<std::endl<<std::left<<std::setfill('=')<<std::setw(col_width)<<std::string("\033[1;31m") + sections[si].name<<"\033[0m"<<std::endl;
-					else
-						ss<<std::endl<<std::left<<std::setfill('=')<<std::setw(col_width)<<sections[si].name<<std::endl;
-                    si++;
-                    if(si == (int)sections.size()) si = -1;
-                }
-
-                ss<<opts[a].toStr(col_width)<<std::endl;
-            }
-
-            return ss.str();
-        }
-
-        int index(std::string _name)
-        {
-        	unsigned int i = find(opts.begin(), opts.end(), _name) - opts.begin();
-
-            if(i >= opts.size())
-                return -1;
-
-            return (int)i;
-        }
-
-        void set(std::string _name, std::string _value)
-        {
-            int i = index(_name);
-
-            if(i != -1)
-            {
-            	opts[i].set(_value);
-                //adjust the column width if necessary
-                col_width = (std::max)(col_width, opts[i].col_width());
-            }
-            else
-                std::cout<<"ERROR - option not recognized: "<<_name<<std::endl;
-        }
-
-        //parse a parameter string
-        void parse(int argc, char* argv[])
-        {
-            //if the number of options is 1, we're done
-            if(argc <= 1) return;
-
-            std::string name;
-            std::string params;
-
-            bool args_done = false;		//create a flag that turns true when the first option is encountered
-
-            for(int i=1; i<argc; i++)
-            {
-                //if the argument is an option
-                if(argv[i][0] == '-' && argv[i][1] == '-')
-                {
-                	args_done = true;				//arguments for the executable are done, all options now
-                    //add any previous options
-                    if(name != "")
-                        set(name, params);
-                    //set the current option to this name
-                    name = argv[i]+2;
-                    //clear the parameters list
-                    params = "";
-                }
-                else if(!args_done){
-                	args.push_back(argv[i]);
-                }
-                else{	//everything else is an arg for the most recent option
-					if(params != "")
-						params += " ";
-                    params += argv[i];
-                }
-            }
-
-            //set the last option
-            set(name, params);
-        }
-
-        //determine if a parameter has been set (either specified by the user or with a default value)
-        bool operator()(std::string _name)
-        {
-            int i = find(opts.begin(), opts.end(), _name) - opts.begin();
-
-            if(i < 0)
-            {
-                std::cout<<"ERROR - Unspecified parameter name: "<<_name<<std::endl;
-                exit(1);
-            }
-
-            return opts[i].is_set();
-        }
-
-        //number of arguments in a specified option
-        unsigned int nargs(std::string _name)
-        {
-            int i = find(opts.begin(), opts.end(), _name) - opts.begin();
-
-            if(i < 0)
-            {
-                std::cout<<"ERROR - Unspecified parameter name: "<<_name<<std::endl;
-                exit(1);
-            }
-
-            return opts[i].nargs();
-        }
-
-        //number of arguments for the executable
-        unsigned int nargs(){
-        	return args.size();
-        }
-
-        //return the a'th executable argument
-        std::string arg(unsigned int a){
-        	return args[a];
-        }
-
-        cmd_option operator[](std::string _name)
-        {
-            int i = find(opts.begin(), opts.end(), _name) - opts.begin();
-
-            if(i < 0 || i >= opts.size())
-            {
-                std::cout<<"ERROR - Unspecified parameter name: "<<_name<<std::endl;
-                exit(1);
-            }
-
-            return opts[i];
-        }
-
-
-	};
-
-
-
-}	//end namespace stim
-
-#endif
diff --git a/parser/filename.h b/parser/filename.h
deleted file mode 100644
index dc6b4da..0000000
--- a/parser/filename.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,271 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef STIM_FILENAME_H
-#define STIM_FILENAME_H
-
-#include <stdio.h>  /* defines FILENAME_MAX */
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    #include <direct.h>
-    #define GetCurrentDir _getcwd
-	#define STIM_FILENAME_DIV '\\'
-#else
-    #include <unistd.h>
-    #define GetCurrentDir getcwd
-	#define STIM_FILENAME_DIV '/'
- #endif
-
-#include <string>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <vector>
-#include <stack>
-#include <algorithm>
-
-#include "../parser/parser.h"
-
-#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
-
-namespace stim{
-
-//filename class designed to work with both Windows and Unix
-
-class filename{
-
-private:
-	void init(){
-
-		absolute = false;
-
-	}
-
-protected:
-
-	std::string drive;				//drive letter (for Windows)
-	std::vector<std::string> path;	//directory hierarchy
-	std::string prefix;				//file prefix (without extension)
-	std::string	ext;				//file extension
-
-	bool absolute;					//filename is an absolute path
-
-	//replace any incorrect dividers with the appropriate version for the OS
-	std::string parse_div(std::string s) {
-		#ifdef _WIN32
-			std::replace( s.begin(), s.end(), '/', '\\');
-		#else
-			std::replace( s.begin(), s.end(), '\\', '/');
-		#endif
-
-		return s;
-	}
-
-	//parse the file name (prefix and extension)
-	void parse_name(std::string fname){
-
-		//find the extension
-		size_t xpos = fname.find_last_of('.');			//find the position of the extension period (if there is one)
-		if(xpos != std::string::npos){						//split the prefix and extension
-			prefix = fname.substr(0, xpos);
-			ext = fname.substr(xpos + 1);
-		}
-		else
-			prefix = fname;
-	}
-
-	//parse a file locator string
-	void parse(std::string loc){
-
-		//determine the drive (if Windows)
-		drive = "";		
-		#ifdef _WIN32
-			//if the second character is a colon, the character right before it is the drive
-			if(loc[1] == ':'){
-				absolute = true;			//this is an absolute path
-				drive = loc[0];				//copy the drive letter
-				loc = loc.substr(3);		//remove the drive information from the locator string
-			}
-		#else
-			if(loc[0] == STIM_FILENAME_DIV){
-				absolute = true;
-				loc = loc.substr(1);
-			}
-		#endif
-
-		//determine the file name
-		std::string fname = loc.substr( loc.find_last_of(STIM_FILENAME_DIV) + 1 );	//find the file name (including extension)
-
-		//parse the file name
-		parse_name(fname);
-
-		//find the directory hierarchy
-		std::string dir = loc.substr(0, loc.find_last_of(STIM_FILENAME_DIV) + 1 );
-		path = stim::parser::split(dir, STIM_FILENAME_DIV);
-	}
-
-public:
-
-	filename(){
-		init();
-	}
-
-	filename(std::string loc){
-		init();
-		parse(loc);
-	}
-
-
-
-	std::string get_name(){
-		if(prefix == "" && ext == "")
-			return "";
-		else
-			return prefix + "." + ext;
-	}
-
-	std::string get_extension(){
-		return ext;
-	}
-
-	std::string get_prefix(){
-		return prefix;
-	}
-
-	std::string dir(){
-		std::stringstream ss;
-
-		//if the path is absolute
-		if(absolute){
-			//output the drive letter if in Windows
-			#ifdef _WIN32
-				ss<<drive<<":";
-			#endif
-			ss<<STIM_FILENAME_DIV;
-		}
-
-		//output the directory
-		for(unsigned int d = 0; d < path.size(); d++)
-			ss<<path[d]<<STIM_FILENAME_DIV;
-
-		return ss.str();
-
-	}
-
-	std::string str(){
-
-		std::stringstream ss;
-
-		ss<<dir()<<get_name();
-
-		return ss.str();
-	}
-
-	//get a list of files matching the current tamplate
-	std::vector<stim::filename> get_list(){
-
-		boost::filesystem::path p(dir());	//create a path from the current filename
-
-		std::vector<stim::filename> file_list;
-
-		if(boost::filesystem::exists(p)){
-			if(boost::filesystem::is_directory(p)){
-
-				typedef std::vector<boost::filesystem::path> vec;             // store paths,
-				vec v;                                // so we can sort them later
-
-				std::copy(boost::filesystem::directory_iterator(p), boost::filesystem::directory_iterator(), back_inserter(v));
-
-				std::sort(v.begin(), v.end());             // sort, since directory iteration
-													  // is not ordered on some file systems
-
-				//compare file names to the current template (look for wild cards)
-				for (vec::const_iterator it(v.begin()), it_end(v.end()); it != it_end; ++it)
-				{
-
-					//if the filename is a wild card *or* it matches the read file name
-					if( prefix == "*" || prefix == (*it).filename().stem().string()){
-
-						//if the extension is a wild card *or* it matches the read file extension
-						if( ext == "*" || "." + ext == (*it).filename().extension().string()){
-
-							file_list.push_back((*it).string());	//include it in the final list
-						}
-					}
-
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		return file_list;
-	}
-
-	//gets the current working directory
-	static stim::filename cwd(){
-
-
-		char cCurrentPath[FILENAME_MAX];
-
-		 if (!GetCurrentDir(cCurrentPath, sizeof(cCurrentPath))){
-			 std::cout<<"ERROR getting current working directory."<<std::endl;
-			 exit(1);
-		 }
-
-		 std::cout<<cCurrentPath<<std::endl;
-		 return stim::filename(std::string(cCurrentPath) + STIM_FILENAME_DIV);
-	}
-
-	void set_name(std::string fname){
-		parse_name(fname);
-	}
-
-	//get a path relative to the current one
-	stim::filename get_relative(std::string rel){
-
-		std::vector<std::string> rel_path = stim::parser::split(rel, STIM_FILENAME_DIV);
-
-		//if the relative path doesn't contain a file, add a blank string to be used as the filename
-		if(rel[rel.size()-1] == STIM_FILENAME_DIV)
-			rel_path.push_back("");
-
-		//create a stack representing the current absolute path
-		std::stack<std::string, std::vector<std::string> > s(path);
-
-		//for each token in the relative path
-		for(int d=0; d<rel_path.size() - 1; d++){
-
-			//if the token is a double-dot, pop a directory off of the stack
-			if(rel_path[d] == "..")
-				s.pop();
-			else
-				s.push(rel_path[d]);
-		}
-
-		std::string* end   = &s.top() + 1;
-		std::string* begin = end - s.size();
-		std::vector<std::string> result_path(begin, end);
-
-		//create a new path to be returned
-		stim::filename result = *this;
-		result.path = result_path;
-		result.set_name(rel_path.back());
-
-		return result;
-	}
-
-	bool is_relative(){
-		return !absolute;
-	}
-
-	bool is_absolute(){
-		return absolute;
-	}
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-};
-
-
-}	//end namespace stim
-
-#endif
diff --git a/parser/parser.h b/parser/parser.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 2583fde..0000000
--- a/parser/parser.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef STIM_PARSER_H
-#define STIM_PARSER_H
-
-namespace stim{
-
-class parser{
-
-public:
-
-	static std::vector<std::string> &split(const std::string &s, char delim, std::vector<std::string> &elems) {
-		std::stringstream ss(s);
-		std::string item;
-		while (std::getline(ss, item, delim)) {
-			elems.push_back(item);
-		}
-		return elems;
-	}
-
-	static std::vector<std::string> split(const std::string &s, char delim) {
-		std::vector<std::string> elems;
-		split(s, delim, elems);
-		return elems;
-	}
-
-};
-
-}	//end namespace stim
-
-#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/parser/wildcards.h b/parser/wildcards.h
deleted file mode 100644
index ac8c42d..0000000
--- a/parser/wildcards.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef STIM_WILDCARDS_H
-#define STIM_WILDCARDS_H
-
-#include <sstream>
-#include <iomanip>
-
-
-//#include <boost/regex.hpp>
-
-namespace stim{
-
-class wildcards{
-public:
-	//generate a sequence of strings where '?' is replaced by integer increments
-	static std::vector<std::string> increment(std::string input,
-											  unsigned int start,
-											  unsigned int end,
-											  unsigned int step){
-
-		size_t a = input.find_first_of('?');	//find the first ?
-		size_t b = input.find_last_of('?');		//find the last ?
-		size_t n = b - a + 1;					//calculate the number of ?
-
-		std::string str_a = input.substr(0, a);		//split the strings along the wildcard
-		std::string str_b = input.substr(b + 1, std::string::npos);
-
-		//create a vector to hold the output strings
-		std::vector<std::string> out;
-
-		//create a stringstream to handle the padding
-		for (unsigned int i = start; i <= end; i += step){
-
-			std::stringstream ss;
-			ss << str_a
-				<< std::setfill('0')
-				<< std::setw(n)
-				<< i
-				<< str_b;
-
-			out.push_back(ss.str());
-		}
-
-		return out;
-
-
-	}
-/*
-	//returns a list of files that match the specified wildcards in 'd'
-	static std::vector<std::string> get_file_list(std::string s){
-
-		stim::filename f(s);
-		std::string target_path(f.dir());
-		boost::regex filter(f.name());
-
-		std::vector< std::string > all_matching_files;
-
-		boost::filesystem::directory_iterator end_itr; // Default ctor yields past-the-end
-		for( boost::filesystem::directory_iterator i( target_path ); i != end_itr; ++i )
-		{
-			// Skip if not a file
-			if( !boost::filesystem::is_regular_file( i->status() ) ) continue;
-
-			boost::smatch what;
-
-			// Skip if no match
-			if( !boost::regex_match( i->path().filename().string(), what, filter ) ) continue;
-
-			// File matches, store it
-			all_matching_files.push_back( i->path().filename().string() );
-		}
-
-		return all_matching_files;
-
-	}
-*/
-
-};
-
-
-}	//end namespace stim
-
-#endif
diff --git a/stim/Doxyfile b/stim/Doxyfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..faa49d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/Doxyfile
@@ -0,0 +1,2382 @@
+# Doxyfile 1.8.9.1
+
+# This file describes the settings to be used by the documentation system
+# doxygen (www.doxygen.org) for a project.
+#
+# All text after a double hash (##) is considered a comment and is placed in
+# front of the TAG it is preceding.
+#
+# All text after a single hash (#) is considered a comment and will be ignored.
+# The format is:
+# TAG = value [value, ...]
+# For lists, items can also be appended using:
+# TAG += value [value, ...]
+# Values that contain spaces should be placed between quotes (\" \").
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Project related configuration options
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# This tag specifies the encoding used for all characters in the config file
+# that follow. The default is UTF-8 which is also the encoding used for all text
+# before the first occurrence of this tag. Doxygen uses libiconv (or the iconv
+# built into libc) for the transcoding. See http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv
+# for the list of possible encodings.
+# The default value is: UTF-8.
+
+DOXYFILE_ENCODING      = UTF-8
+
+# The PROJECT_NAME tag is a single word (or a sequence of words surrounded by
+# double-quotes, unless you are using Doxywizard) that should identify the
+# project for which the documentation is generated. This name is used in the
+# title of most generated pages and in a few other places.
+# The default value is: My Project.
+
+PROJECT_NAME           = "stimlab"
+
+# The PROJECT_NUMBER tag can be used to enter a project or revision number. This
+# could be handy for archiving the generated documentation or if some version
+# control system is used.
+
+PROJECT_NUMBER         =
+
+# Using the PROJECT_BRIEF tag one can provide an optional one line description
+# for a project that appears at the top of each page and should give viewer a
+# quick idea about the purpose of the project. Keep the description short.
+
+PROJECT_BRIEF          =
+
+# With the PROJECT_LOGO tag one can specify a logo or an icon that is included
+# in the documentation. The maximum height of the logo should not exceed 55
+# pixels and the maximum width should not exceed 200 pixels. Doxygen will copy
+# the logo to the output directory.
+
+PROJECT_LOGO           =
+
+# The OUTPUT_DIRECTORY tag is used to specify the (relative or absolute) path
+# into which the generated documentation will be written. If a relative path is
+# entered, it will be relative to the location where doxygen was started. If
+# left blank the current directory will be used.
+
+OUTPUT_DIRECTORY       =
+
+# If the CREATE_SUBDIRS tag is set to YES then doxygen will create 4096 sub-
+# directories (in 2 levels) under the output directory of each output format and
+# will distribute the generated files over these directories. Enabling this
+# option can be useful when feeding doxygen a huge amount of source files, where
+# putting all generated files in the same directory would otherwise causes
+# performance problems for the file system.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+CREATE_SUBDIRS         = NO
+
+# If the ALLOW_UNICODE_NAMES tag is set to YES, doxygen will allow non-ASCII
+# characters to appear in the names of generated files. If set to NO, non-ASCII
+# characters will be escaped, for example _xE3_x81_x84 will be used for Unicode
+# U+3044.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+ALLOW_UNICODE_NAMES    = NO
+
+# The OUTPUT_LANGUAGE tag is used to specify the language in which all
+# documentation generated by doxygen is written. Doxygen will use this
+# information to generate all constant output in the proper language.
+# Possible values are: Afrikaans, Arabic, Armenian, Brazilian, Catalan, Chinese,
+# Chinese-Traditional, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English (United States),
+# Esperanto, Farsi (Persian), Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian,
+# Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Japanese-en (Japanese with English messages),
+# Korean, Korean-en (Korean with English messages), Latvian, Lithuanian,
+# Macedonian, Norwegian, Persian (Farsi), Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian,
+# Serbian, Serbian-Cyrillic, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish,
+# Ukrainian and Vietnamese.
+# The default value is: English.
+
+OUTPUT_LANGUAGE        = English
+
+# If the BRIEF_MEMBER_DESC tag is set to YES, doxygen will include brief member
+# descriptions after the members that are listed in the file and class
+# documentation (similar to Javadoc). Set to NO to disable this.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+BRIEF_MEMBER_DESC      = YES
+
+# If the REPEAT_BRIEF tag is set to YES, doxygen will prepend the brief
+# description of a member or function before the detailed description
+#
+# Note: If both HIDE_UNDOC_MEMBERS and BRIEF_MEMBER_DESC are set to NO, the
+# brief descriptions will be completely suppressed.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+REPEAT_BRIEF           = YES
+
+# This tag implements a quasi-intelligent brief description abbreviator that is
+# used to form the text in various listings. Each string in this list, if found
+# as the leading text of the brief description, will be stripped from the text
+# and the result, after processing the whole list, is used as the annotated
+# text. Otherwise, the brief description is used as-is. If left blank, the
+# following values are used ($name is automatically replaced with the name of
+# the entity):The $name class, The $name widget, The $name file, is, provides,
+# specifies, contains, represents, a, an and the.
+
+ABBREVIATE_BRIEF       =
+
+# If the ALWAYS_DETAILED_SEC and REPEAT_BRIEF tags are both set to YES then
+# doxygen will generate a detailed section even if there is only a brief
+# description.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+ALWAYS_DETAILED_SEC    = NO
+
+# If the INLINE_INHERITED_MEMB tag is set to YES, doxygen will show all
+# inherited members of a class in the documentation of that class as if those
+# members were ordinary class members. Constructors, destructors and assignment
+# operators of the base classes will not be shown.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+INLINE_INHERITED_MEMB  = NO
+
+# If the FULL_PATH_NAMES tag is set to YES, doxygen will prepend the full path
+# before files name in the file list and in the header files. If set to NO the
+# shortest path that makes the file name unique will be used
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+FULL_PATH_NAMES        = YES
+
+# The STRIP_FROM_PATH tag can be used to strip a user-defined part of the path.
+# Stripping is only done if one of the specified strings matches the left-hand
+# part of the path. The tag can be used to show relative paths in the file list.
+# If left blank the directory from which doxygen is run is used as the path to
+# strip.
+#
+# Note that you can specify absolute paths here, but also relative paths, which
+# will be relative from the directory where doxygen is started.
+# This tag requires that the tag FULL_PATH_NAMES is set to YES.
+
+STRIP_FROM_PATH        =
+
+# The STRIP_FROM_INC_PATH tag can be used to strip a user-defined part of the
+# path mentioned in the documentation of a class, which tells the reader which
+# header file to include in order to use a class. If left blank only the name of
+# the header file containing the class definition is used. Otherwise one should
+# specify the list of include paths that are normally passed to the compiler
+# using the -I flag.
+
+STRIP_FROM_INC_PATH    =
+
+# If the SHORT_NAMES tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate much shorter (but
+# less readable) file names. This can be useful is your file systems doesn't
+# support long names like on DOS, Mac, or CD-ROM.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+SHORT_NAMES            = NO
+
+# If the JAVADOC_AUTOBRIEF tag is set to YES then doxygen will interpret the
+# first line (until the first dot) of a Javadoc-style comment as the brief
+# description. If set to NO, the Javadoc-style will behave just like regular Qt-
+# style comments (thus requiring an explicit @brief command for a brief
+# description.)
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+JAVADOC_AUTOBRIEF      = NO
+
+# If the QT_AUTOBRIEF tag is set to YES then doxygen will interpret the first
+# line (until the first dot) of a Qt-style comment as the brief description. If
+# set to NO, the Qt-style will behave just like regular Qt-style comments (thus
+# requiring an explicit \brief command for a brief description.)
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+QT_AUTOBRIEF           = NO
+
+# The MULTILINE_CPP_IS_BRIEF tag can be set to YES to make doxygen treat a
+# multi-line C++ special comment block (i.e. a block of //! or /// comments) as
+# a brief description. This used to be the default behavior. The new default is
+# to treat a multi-line C++ comment block as a detailed description. Set this
+# tag to YES if you prefer the old behavior instead.
+#
+# Note that setting this tag to YES also means that rational rose comments are
+# not recognized any more.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+MULTILINE_CPP_IS_BRIEF = NO
+
+# If the INHERIT_DOCS tag is set to YES then an undocumented member inherits the
+# documentation from any documented member that it re-implements.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+INHERIT_DOCS           = YES
+
+# If the SEPARATE_MEMBER_PAGES tag is set to YES then doxygen will produce a new
+# page for each member. If set to NO, the documentation of a member will be part
+# of the file/class/namespace that contains it.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+SEPARATE_MEMBER_PAGES  = NO
+
+# The TAB_SIZE tag can be used to set the number of spaces in a tab. Doxygen
+# uses this value to replace tabs by spaces in code fragments.
+# Minimum value: 1, maximum value: 16, default value: 4.
+
+TAB_SIZE               = 4
+
+# This tag can be used to specify a number of aliases that act as commands in
+# the documentation. An alias has the form:
+# name=value
+# For example adding
+# "sideeffect=@par Side Effects:\n"
+# will allow you to put the command \sideeffect (or @sideeffect) in the
+# documentation, which will result in a user-defined paragraph with heading
+# "Side Effects:". You can put \n's in the value part of an alias to insert
+# newlines.
+
+ALIASES                =
+
+# This tag can be used to specify a number of word-keyword mappings (TCL only).
+# A mapping has the form "name=value". For example adding "class=itcl::class"
+# will allow you to use the command class in the itcl::class meaning.
+
+TCL_SUBST              =
+
+# Set the OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_FOR_C tag to YES if your project consists of C sources
+# only. Doxygen will then generate output that is more tailored for C. For
+# instance, some of the names that are used will be different. The list of all
+# members will be omitted, etc.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_FOR_C  = NO
+
+# Set the OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_JAVA tag to YES if your project consists of Java or
+# Python sources only. Doxygen will then generate output that is more tailored
+# for that language. For instance, namespaces will be presented as packages,
+# qualified scopes will look different, etc.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_JAVA   = NO
+
+# Set the OPTIMIZE_FOR_FORTRAN tag to YES if your project consists of Fortran
+# sources. Doxygen will then generate output that is tailored for Fortran.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+OPTIMIZE_FOR_FORTRAN   = NO
+
+# Set the OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_VHDL tag to YES if your project consists of VHDL
+# sources. Doxygen will then generate output that is tailored for VHDL.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_VHDL   = NO
+
+# Doxygen selects the parser to use depending on the extension of the files it
+# parses. With this tag you can assign which parser to use for a given
+# extension. Doxygen has a built-in mapping, but you can override or extend it
+# using this tag. The format is ext=language, where ext is a file extension, and
+# language is one of the parsers supported by doxygen: IDL, Java, Javascript,
+# C#, C, C++, D, PHP, Objective-C, Python, Fortran (fixed format Fortran:
+# FortranFixed, free formatted Fortran: FortranFree, unknown formatted Fortran:
+# Fortran. In the later case the parser tries to guess whether the code is fixed
+# or free formatted code, this is the default for Fortran type files), VHDL. For
+# instance to make doxygen treat .inc files as Fortran files (default is PHP),
+# and .f files as C (default is Fortran), use: inc=Fortran f=C.
+#
+# Note: For files without extension you can use no_extension as a placeholder.
+#
+# Note that for custom extensions you also need to set FILE_PATTERNS otherwise
+# the files are not read by doxygen.
+
+EXTENSION_MAPPING      =
+
+# If the MARKDOWN_SUPPORT tag is enabled then doxygen pre-processes all comments
+# according to the Markdown format, which allows for more readable
+# documentation. See http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/ for details.
+# The output of markdown processing is further processed by doxygen, so you can
+# mix doxygen, HTML, and XML commands with Markdown formatting. Disable only in
+# case of backward compatibilities issues.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+MARKDOWN_SUPPORT       = YES
+
+# When enabled doxygen tries to link words that correspond to documented
+# classes, or namespaces to their corresponding documentation. Such a link can
+# be prevented in individual cases by putting a % sign in front of the word or
+# globally by setting AUTOLINK_SUPPORT to NO.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+AUTOLINK_SUPPORT       = YES
+
+# If you use STL classes (i.e. std::string, std::vector, etc.) but do not want
+# to include (a tag file for) the STL sources as input, then you should set this
+# tag to YES in order to let doxygen match functions declarations and
+# definitions whose arguments contain STL classes (e.g. func(std::string);
+# versus func(std::string) {}). This also make the inheritance and collaboration
+# diagrams that involve STL classes more complete and accurate.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+BUILTIN_STL_SUPPORT    = NO
+
+# If you use Microsoft's C++/CLI language, you should set this option to YES to
+# enable parsing support.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+CPP_CLI_SUPPORT        = NO
+
+# Set the SIP_SUPPORT tag to YES if your project consists of sip (see:
+# http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/software/sip/intro) sources only. Doxygen
+# will parse them like normal C++ but will assume all classes use public instead
+# of private inheritance when no explicit protection keyword is present.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+SIP_SUPPORT            = NO
+
+# For Microsoft's IDL there are propget and propput attributes to indicate
+# getter and setter methods for a property. Setting this option to YES will make
+# doxygen to replace the get and set methods by a property in the documentation.
+# This will only work if the methods are indeed getting or setting a simple
+# type. If this is not the case, or you want to show the methods anyway, you
+# should set this option to NO.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+IDL_PROPERTY_SUPPORT   = YES
+
+# If member grouping is used in the documentation and the DISTRIBUTE_GROUP_DOC
+# tag is set to YES then doxygen will reuse the documentation of the first
+# member in the group (if any) for the other members of the group. By default
+# all members of a group must be documented explicitly.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+DISTRIBUTE_GROUP_DOC   = NO
+
+# Set the SUBGROUPING tag to YES to allow class member groups of the same type
+# (for instance a group of public functions) to be put as a subgroup of that
+# type (e.g. under the Public Functions section). Set it to NO to prevent
+# subgrouping. Alternatively, this can be done per class using the
+# \nosubgrouping command.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+SUBGROUPING            = YES
+
+# When the INLINE_GROUPED_CLASSES tag is set to YES, classes, structs and unions
+# are shown inside the group in which they are included (e.g. using \ingroup)
+# instead of on a separate page (for HTML and Man pages) or section (for LaTeX
+# and RTF).
+#
+# Note that this feature does not work in combination with
+# SEPARATE_MEMBER_PAGES.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+INLINE_GROUPED_CLASSES = NO
+
+# When the INLINE_SIMPLE_STRUCTS tag is set to YES, structs, classes, and unions
+# with only public data fields or simple typedef fields will be shown inline in
+# the documentation of the scope in which they are defined (i.e. file,
+# namespace, or group documentation), provided this scope is documented. If set
+# to NO, structs, classes, and unions are shown on a separate page (for HTML and
+# Man pages) or section (for LaTeX and RTF).
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+INLINE_SIMPLE_STRUCTS  = NO
+
+# When TYPEDEF_HIDES_STRUCT tag is enabled, a typedef of a struct, union, or
+# enum is documented as struct, union, or enum with the name of the typedef. So
+# typedef struct TypeS {} TypeT, will appear in the documentation as a struct
+# with name TypeT. When disabled the typedef will appear as a member of a file,
+# namespace, or class. And the struct will be named TypeS. This can typically be
+# useful for C code in case the coding convention dictates that all compound
+# types are typedef'ed and only the typedef is referenced, never the tag name.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+TYPEDEF_HIDES_STRUCT   = NO
+
+# The size of the symbol lookup cache can be set using LOOKUP_CACHE_SIZE. This
+# cache is used to resolve symbols given their name and scope. Since this can be
+# an expensive process and often the same symbol appears multiple times in the
+# code, doxygen keeps a cache of pre-resolved symbols. If the cache is too small
+# doxygen will become slower. If the cache is too large, memory is wasted. The
+# cache size is given by this formula: 2^(16+LOOKUP_CACHE_SIZE). The valid range
+# is 0..9, the default is 0, corresponding to a cache size of 2^16=65536
+# symbols. At the end of a run doxygen will report the cache usage and suggest
+# the optimal cache size from a speed point of view.
+# Minimum value: 0, maximum value: 9, default value: 0.
+
+LOOKUP_CACHE_SIZE      = 0
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Build related configuration options
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the EXTRACT_ALL tag is set to YES, doxygen will assume all entities in
+# documentation are documented, even if no documentation was available. Private
+# class members and static file members will be hidden unless the
+# EXTRACT_PRIVATE respectively EXTRACT_STATIC tags are set to YES.
+# Note: This will also disable the warnings about undocumented members that are
+# normally produced when WARNINGS is set to YES.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+EXTRACT_ALL            = NO
+
+# If the EXTRACT_PRIVATE tag is set to YES, all private members of a class will
+# be included in the documentation.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+EXTRACT_PRIVATE        = NO
+
+# If the EXTRACT_PACKAGE tag is set to YES, all members with package or internal
+# scope will be included in the documentation.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+EXTRACT_PACKAGE        = NO
+
+# If the EXTRACT_STATIC tag is set to YES, all static members of a file will be
+# included in the documentation.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+EXTRACT_STATIC         = NO
+
+# If the EXTRACT_LOCAL_CLASSES tag is set to YES, classes (and structs) defined
+# locally in source files will be included in the documentation. If set to NO,
+# only classes defined in header files are included. Does not have any effect
+# for Java sources.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+EXTRACT_LOCAL_CLASSES  = YES
+
+# This flag is only useful for Objective-C code. If set to YES, local methods,
+# which are defined in the implementation section but not in the interface are
+# included in the documentation. If set to NO, only methods in the interface are
+# included.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+EXTRACT_LOCAL_METHODS  = NO
+
+# If this flag is set to YES, the members of anonymous namespaces will be
+# extracted and appear in the documentation as a namespace called
+# 'anonymous_namespace{file}', where file will be replaced with the base name of
+# the file that contains the anonymous namespace. By default anonymous namespace
+# are hidden.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+EXTRACT_ANON_NSPACES   = NO
+
+# If the HIDE_UNDOC_MEMBERS tag is set to YES, doxygen will hide all
+# undocumented members inside documented classes or files. If set to NO these
+# members will be included in the various overviews, but no documentation
+# section is generated. This option has no effect if EXTRACT_ALL is enabled.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+HIDE_UNDOC_MEMBERS     = NO
+
+# If the HIDE_UNDOC_CLASSES tag is set to YES, doxygen will hide all
+# undocumented classes that are normally visible in the class hierarchy. If set
+# to NO, these classes will be included in the various overviews. This option
+# has no effect if EXTRACT_ALL is enabled.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+HIDE_UNDOC_CLASSES     = NO
+
+# If the HIDE_FRIEND_COMPOUNDS tag is set to YES, doxygen will hide all friend
+# (class|struct|union) declarations. If set to NO, these declarations will be
+# included in the documentation.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+HIDE_FRIEND_COMPOUNDS  = NO
+
+# If the HIDE_IN_BODY_DOCS tag is set to YES, doxygen will hide any
+# documentation blocks found inside the body of a function. If set to NO, these
+# blocks will be appended to the function's detailed documentation block.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+HIDE_IN_BODY_DOCS      = NO
+
+# The INTERNAL_DOCS tag determines if documentation that is typed after a
+# \internal command is included. If the tag is set to NO then the documentation
+# will be excluded. Set it to YES to include the internal documentation.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+INTERNAL_DOCS          = NO
+
+# If the CASE_SENSE_NAMES tag is set to NO then doxygen will only generate file
+# names in lower-case letters. If set to YES, upper-case letters are also
+# allowed. This is useful if you have classes or files whose names only differ
+# in case and if your file system supports case sensitive file names. Windows
+# and Mac users are advised to set this option to NO.
+# The default value is: system dependent.
+
+CASE_SENSE_NAMES       = NO
+
+# If the HIDE_SCOPE_NAMES tag is set to NO then doxygen will show members with
+# their full class and namespace scopes in the documentation. If set to YES, the
+# scope will be hidden.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+HIDE_SCOPE_NAMES       = NO
+
+# If the HIDE_COMPOUND_REFERENCE tag is set to NO (default) then doxygen will
+# append additional text to a page's title, such as Class Reference. If set to
+# YES the compound reference will be hidden.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+HIDE_COMPOUND_REFERENCE= NO
+
+# If the SHOW_INCLUDE_FILES tag is set to YES then doxygen will put a list of
+# the files that are included by a file in the documentation of that file.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+SHOW_INCLUDE_FILES     = YES
+
+# If the SHOW_GROUPED_MEMB_INC tag is set to YES then Doxygen will add for each
+# grouped member an include statement to the documentation, telling the reader
+# which file to include in order to use the member.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+SHOW_GROUPED_MEMB_INC  = NO
+
+# If the FORCE_LOCAL_INCLUDES tag is set to YES then doxygen will list include
+# files with double quotes in the documentation rather than with sharp brackets.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+FORCE_LOCAL_INCLUDES   = NO
+
+# If the INLINE_INFO tag is set to YES then a tag [inline] is inserted in the
+# documentation for inline members.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+INLINE_INFO            = YES
+
+# If the SORT_MEMBER_DOCS tag is set to YES then doxygen will sort the
+# (detailed) documentation of file and class members alphabetically by member
+# name. If set to NO, the members will appear in declaration order.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+SORT_MEMBER_DOCS       = YES
+
+# If the SORT_BRIEF_DOCS tag is set to YES then doxygen will sort the brief
+# descriptions of file, namespace and class members alphabetically by member
+# name. If set to NO, the members will appear in declaration order. Note that
+# this will also influence the order of the classes in the class list.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+SORT_BRIEF_DOCS        = NO
+
+# If the SORT_MEMBERS_CTORS_1ST tag is set to YES then doxygen will sort the
+# (brief and detailed) documentation of class members so that constructors and
+# destructors are listed first. If set to NO the constructors will appear in the
+# respective orders defined by SORT_BRIEF_DOCS and SORT_MEMBER_DOCS.
+# Note: If SORT_BRIEF_DOCS is set to NO this option is ignored for sorting brief
+# member documentation.
+# Note: If SORT_MEMBER_DOCS is set to NO this option is ignored for sorting
+# detailed member documentation.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+SORT_MEMBERS_CTORS_1ST = NO
+
+# If the SORT_GROUP_NAMES tag is set to YES then doxygen will sort the hierarchy
+# of group names into alphabetical order. If set to NO the group names will
+# appear in their defined order.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+SORT_GROUP_NAMES       = NO
+
+# If the SORT_BY_SCOPE_NAME tag is set to YES, the class list will be sorted by
+# fully-qualified names, including namespaces. If set to NO, the class list will
+# be sorted only by class name, not including the namespace part.
+# Note: This option is not very useful if HIDE_SCOPE_NAMES is set to YES.
+# Note: This option applies only to the class list, not to the alphabetical
+# list.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+SORT_BY_SCOPE_NAME     = NO
+
+# If the STRICT_PROTO_MATCHING option is enabled and doxygen fails to do proper
+# type resolution of all parameters of a function it will reject a match between
+# the prototype and the implementation of a member function even if there is
+# only one candidate or it is obvious which candidate to choose by doing a
+# simple string match. By disabling STRICT_PROTO_MATCHING doxygen will still
+# accept a match between prototype and implementation in such cases.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+STRICT_PROTO_MATCHING  = NO
+
+# The GENERATE_TODOLIST tag can be used to enable (YES) or disable (NO) the todo
+# list. This list is created by putting \todo commands in the documentation.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+GENERATE_TODOLIST      = YES
+
+# The GENERATE_TESTLIST tag can be used to enable (YES) or disable (NO) the test
+# list. This list is created by putting \test commands in the documentation.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+GENERATE_TESTLIST      = YES
+
+# The GENERATE_BUGLIST tag can be used to enable (YES) or disable (NO) the bug
+# list. This list is created by putting \bug commands in the documentation.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+GENERATE_BUGLIST       = YES
+
+# The GENERATE_DEPRECATEDLIST tag can be used to enable (YES) or disable (NO)
+# the deprecated list. This list is created by putting \deprecated commands in
+# the documentation.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+GENERATE_DEPRECATEDLIST= YES
+
+# The ENABLED_SECTIONS tag can be used to enable conditional documentation
+# sections, marked by \if <section_label> ... \endif and \cond <section_label>
+# ... \endcond blocks.
+
+ENABLED_SECTIONS       =
+
+# The MAX_INITIALIZER_LINES tag determines the maximum number of lines that the
+# initial value of a variable or macro / define can have for it to appear in the
+# documentation. If the initializer consists of more lines than specified here
+# it will be hidden. Use a value of 0 to hide initializers completely. The
+# appearance of the value of individual variables and macros / defines can be
+# controlled using \showinitializer or \hideinitializer command in the
+# documentation regardless of this setting.
+# Minimum value: 0, maximum value: 10000, default value: 30.
+
+MAX_INITIALIZER_LINES  = 30
+
+# Set the SHOW_USED_FILES tag to NO to disable the list of files generated at
+# the bottom of the documentation of classes and structs. If set to YES, the
+# list will mention the files that were used to generate the documentation.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+SHOW_USED_FILES        = YES
+
+# Set the SHOW_FILES tag to NO to disable the generation of the Files page. This
+# will remove the Files entry from the Quick Index and from the Folder Tree View
+# (if specified).
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+SHOW_FILES             = YES
+
+# Set the SHOW_NAMESPACES tag to NO to disable the generation of the Namespaces
+# page. This will remove the Namespaces entry from the Quick Index and from the
+# Folder Tree View (if specified).
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+SHOW_NAMESPACES        = YES
+
+# The FILE_VERSION_FILTER tag can be used to specify a program or script that
+# doxygen should invoke to get the current version for each file (typically from
+# the version control system). Doxygen will invoke the program by executing (via
+# popen()) the command command input-file, where command is the value of the
+# FILE_VERSION_FILTER tag, and input-file is the name of an input file provided
+# by doxygen. Whatever the program writes to standard output is used as the file
+# version. For an example see the documentation.
+
+FILE_VERSION_FILTER    =
+
+# The LAYOUT_FILE tag can be used to specify a layout file which will be parsed
+# by doxygen. The layout file controls the global structure of the generated
+# output files in an output format independent way. To create the layout file
+# that represents doxygen's defaults, run doxygen with the -l option. You can
+# optionally specify a file name after the option, if omitted DoxygenLayout.xml
+# will be used as the name of the layout file.
+#
+# Note that if you run doxygen from a directory containing a file called
+# DoxygenLayout.xml, doxygen will parse it automatically even if the LAYOUT_FILE
+# tag is left empty.
+
+LAYOUT_FILE            =
+
+# The CITE_BIB_FILES tag can be used to specify one or more bib files containing
+# the reference definitions. This must be a list of .bib files. The .bib
+# extension is automatically appended if omitted. This requires the bibtex tool
+# to be installed. See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX for more info.
+# For LaTeX the style of the bibliography can be controlled using
+# LATEX_BIB_STYLE. To use this feature you need bibtex and perl available in the
+# search path. See also \cite for info how to create references.
+
+CITE_BIB_FILES         =
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to warning and progress messages
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# The QUIET tag can be used to turn on/off the messages that are generated to
+# standard output by doxygen. If QUIET is set to YES this implies that the
+# messages are off.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+QUIET                  = NO
+
+# The WARNINGS tag can be used to turn on/off the warning messages that are
+# generated to standard error (stderr) by doxygen. If WARNINGS is set to YES
+# this implies that the warnings are on.
+#
+# Tip: Turn warnings on while writing the documentation.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+WARNINGS               = YES
+
+# If the WARN_IF_UNDOCUMENTED tag is set to YES then doxygen will generate
+# warnings for undocumented members. If EXTRACT_ALL is set to YES then this flag
+# will automatically be disabled.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+WARN_IF_UNDOCUMENTED   = YES
+
+# If the WARN_IF_DOC_ERROR tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate warnings for
+# potential errors in the documentation, such as not documenting some parameters
+# in a documented function, or documenting parameters that don't exist or using
+# markup commands wrongly.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+WARN_IF_DOC_ERROR      = YES
+
+# This WARN_NO_PARAMDOC option can be enabled to get warnings for functions that
+# are documented, but have no documentation for their parameters or return
+# value. If set to NO, doxygen will only warn about wrong or incomplete
+# parameter documentation, but not about the absence of documentation.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+WARN_NO_PARAMDOC       = NO
+
+# The WARN_FORMAT tag determines the format of the warning messages that doxygen
+# can produce. The string should contain the $file, $line, and $text tags, which
+# will be replaced by the file and line number from which the warning originated
+# and the warning text. Optionally the format may contain $version, which will
+# be replaced by the version of the file (if it could be obtained via
+# FILE_VERSION_FILTER)
+# The default value is: $file:$line: $text.
+
+WARN_FORMAT            = "$file:$line: $text"
+
+# The WARN_LOGFILE tag can be used to specify a file to which warning and error
+# messages should be written. If left blank the output is written to standard
+# error (stderr).
+
+WARN_LOGFILE           =
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the input files
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# The INPUT tag is used to specify the files and/or directories that contain
+# documented source files. You may enter file names like myfile.cpp or
+# directories like /usr/src/myproject. Separate the files or directories with
+# spaces.
+# Note: If this tag is empty the current directory is searched.
+
+INPUT                  =
+
+# This tag can be used to specify the character encoding of the source files
+# that doxygen parses. Internally doxygen uses the UTF-8 encoding. Doxygen uses
+# libiconv (or the iconv built into libc) for the transcoding. See the libiconv
+# documentation (see: http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv) for the list of
+# possible encodings.
+# The default value is: UTF-8.
+
+INPUT_ENCODING         = UTF-8
+
+# If the value of the INPUT tag contains directories, you can use the
+# FILE_PATTERNS tag to specify one or more wildcard patterns (like *.cpp and
+# *.h) to filter out the source-files in the directories. If left blank the
+# following patterns are tested:*.c, *.cc, *.cxx, *.cpp, *.c++, *.java, *.ii,
+# *.ixx, *.ipp, *.i++, *.inl, *.idl, *.ddl, *.odl, *.h, *.hh, *.hxx, *.hpp,
+# *.h++, *.cs, *.d, *.php, *.php4, *.php5, *.phtml, *.inc, *.m, *.markdown,
+# *.md, *.mm, *.dox, *.py, *.f90, *.f, *.for, *.tcl, *.vhd, *.vhdl, *.ucf,
+# *.qsf, *.as and *.js.
+
+FILE_PATTERNS          =
+
+# The RECURSIVE tag can be used to specify whether or not subdirectories should
+# be searched for input files as well.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+RECURSIVE              = YES
+
+# The EXCLUDE tag can be used to specify files and/or directories that should be
+# excluded from the INPUT source files. This way you can easily exclude a
+# subdirectory from a directory tree whose root is specified with the INPUT tag.
+#
+# Note that relative paths are relative to the directory from which doxygen is
+# run.
+
+EXCLUDE                =
+
+# The EXCLUDE_SYMLINKS tag can be used to select whether or not files or
+# directories that are symbolic links (a Unix file system feature) are excluded
+# from the input.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+EXCLUDE_SYMLINKS       = NO
+
+# If the value of the INPUT tag contains directories, you can use the
+# EXCLUDE_PATTERNS tag to specify one or more wildcard patterns to exclude
+# certain files from those directories.
+#
+# Note that the wildcards are matched against the file with absolute path, so to
+# exclude all test directories for example use the pattern */test/*
+
+EXCLUDE_PATTERNS       = CImg.h
+
+# The EXCLUDE_SYMBOLS tag can be used to specify one or more symbol names
+# (namespaces, classes, functions, etc.) that should be excluded from the
+# output. The symbol name can be a fully qualified name, a word, or if the
+# wildcard * is used, a substring. Examples: ANamespace, AClass,
+# AClass::ANamespace, ANamespace::*Test
+#
+# Note that the wildcards are matched against the file with absolute path, so to
+# exclude all test directories use the pattern */test/*
+
+EXCLUDE_SYMBOLS        =
+
+# The EXAMPLE_PATH tag can be used to specify one or more files or directories
+# that contain example code fragments that are included (see the \include
+# command).
+
+EXAMPLE_PATH           =
+
+# If the value of the EXAMPLE_PATH tag contains directories, you can use the
+# EXAMPLE_PATTERNS tag to specify one or more wildcard pattern (like *.cpp and
+# *.h) to filter out the source-files in the directories. If left blank all
+# files are included.
+
+EXAMPLE_PATTERNS       =
+
+# If the EXAMPLE_RECURSIVE tag is set to YES then subdirectories will be
+# searched for input files to be used with the \include or \dontinclude commands
+# irrespective of the value of the RECURSIVE tag.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+EXAMPLE_RECURSIVE      = NO
+
+# The IMAGE_PATH tag can be used to specify one or more files or directories
+# that contain images that are to be included in the documentation (see the
+# \image command).
+
+IMAGE_PATH             =
+
+# The INPUT_FILTER tag can be used to specify a program that doxygen should
+# invoke to filter for each input file. Doxygen will invoke the filter program
+# by executing (via popen()) the command:
+#
+# <filter> <input-file>
+#
+# where <filter> is the value of the INPUT_FILTER tag, and <input-file> is the
+# name of an input file. Doxygen will then use the output that the filter
+# program writes to standard output. If FILTER_PATTERNS is specified, this tag
+# will be ignored.
+#
+# Note that the filter must not add or remove lines; it is applied before the
+# code is scanned, but not when the output code is generated. If lines are added
+# or removed, the anchors will not be placed correctly.
+
+INPUT_FILTER           =
+
+# The FILTER_PATTERNS tag can be used to specify filters on a per file pattern
+# basis. Doxygen will compare the file name with each pattern and apply the
+# filter if there is a match. The filters are a list of the form: pattern=filter
+# (like *.cpp=my_cpp_filter). See INPUT_FILTER for further information on how
+# filters are used. If the FILTER_PATTERNS tag is empty or if none of the
+# patterns match the file name, INPUT_FILTER is applied.
+
+FILTER_PATTERNS        =
+
+# If the FILTER_SOURCE_FILES tag is set to YES, the input filter (if set using
+# INPUT_FILTER) will also be used to filter the input files that are used for
+# producing the source files to browse (i.e. when SOURCE_BROWSER is set to YES).
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES    = NO
+
+# The FILTER_SOURCE_PATTERNS tag can be used to specify source filters per file
+# pattern. A pattern will override the setting for FILTER_PATTERN (if any) and
+# it is also possible to disable source filtering for a specific pattern using
+# *.ext= (so without naming a filter).
+# This tag requires that the tag FILTER_SOURCE_FILES is set to YES.
+
+FILTER_SOURCE_PATTERNS =
+
+# If the USE_MDFILE_AS_MAINPAGE tag refers to the name of a markdown file that
+# is part of the input, its contents will be placed on the main page
+# (index.html). This can be useful if you have a project on for instance GitHub
+# and want to reuse the introduction page also for the doxygen output.
+
+USE_MDFILE_AS_MAINPAGE =
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to source browsing
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the SOURCE_BROWSER tag is set to YES then a list of source files will be
+# generated. Documented entities will be cross-referenced with these sources.
+#
+# Note: To get rid of all source code in the generated output, make sure that
+# also VERBATIM_HEADERS is set to NO.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+SOURCE_BROWSER         = NO
+
+# Setting the INLINE_SOURCES tag to YES will include the body of functions,
+# classes and enums directly into the documentation.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+INLINE_SOURCES         = NO
+
+# Setting the STRIP_CODE_COMMENTS tag to YES will instruct doxygen to hide any
+# special comment blocks from generated source code fragments. Normal C, C++ and
+# Fortran comments will always remain visible.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+STRIP_CODE_COMMENTS    = YES
+
+# If the REFERENCED_BY_RELATION tag is set to YES then for each documented
+# function all documented functions referencing it will be listed.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+REFERENCED_BY_RELATION = NO
+
+# If the REFERENCES_RELATION tag is set to YES then for each documented function
+# all documented entities called/used by that function will be listed.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+REFERENCES_RELATION    = NO
+
+# If the REFERENCES_LINK_SOURCE tag is set to YES and SOURCE_BROWSER tag is set
+# to YES then the hyperlinks from functions in REFERENCES_RELATION and
+# REFERENCED_BY_RELATION lists will link to the source code. Otherwise they will
+# link to the documentation.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+REFERENCES_LINK_SOURCE = YES
+
+# If SOURCE_TOOLTIPS is enabled (the default) then hovering a hyperlink in the
+# source code will show a tooltip with additional information such as prototype,
+# brief description and links to the definition and documentation. Since this
+# will make the HTML file larger and loading of large files a bit slower, you
+# can opt to disable this feature.
+# The default value is: YES.
+# This tag requires that the tag SOURCE_BROWSER is set to YES.
+
+SOURCE_TOOLTIPS        = YES
+
+# If the USE_HTAGS tag is set to YES then the references to source code will
+# point to the HTML generated by the htags(1) tool instead of doxygen built-in
+# source browser. The htags tool is part of GNU's global source tagging system
+# (see http://www.gnu.org/software/global/global.html). You will need version
+# 4.8.6 or higher.
+#
+# To use it do the following:
+# - Install the latest version of global
+# - Enable SOURCE_BROWSER and USE_HTAGS in the config file
+# - Make sure the INPUT points to the root of the source tree
+# - Run doxygen as normal
+#
+# Doxygen will invoke htags (and that will in turn invoke gtags), so these
+# tools must be available from the command line (i.e. in the search path).
+#
+# The result: instead of the source browser generated by doxygen, the links to
+# source code will now point to the output of htags.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag SOURCE_BROWSER is set to YES.
+
+USE_HTAGS              = NO
+
+# If the VERBATIM_HEADERS tag is set the YES then doxygen will generate a
+# verbatim copy of the header file for each class for which an include is
+# specified. Set to NO to disable this.
+# See also: Section \class.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+VERBATIM_HEADERS       = YES
+
+# If the CLANG_ASSISTED_PARSING tag is set to YES then doxygen will use the
+# clang parser (see: http://clang.llvm.org/) for more accurate parsing at the
+# cost of reduced performance. This can be particularly helpful with template
+# rich C++ code for which doxygen's built-in parser lacks the necessary type
+# information.
+# Note: The availability of this option depends on whether or not doxygen was
+# compiled with the --with-libclang option.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+CLANG_ASSISTED_PARSING = NO
+
+# If clang assisted parsing is enabled you can provide the compiler with command
+# line options that you would normally use when invoking the compiler. Note that
+# the include paths will already be set by doxygen for the files and directories
+# specified with INPUT and INCLUDE_PATH.
+# This tag requires that the tag CLANG_ASSISTED_PARSING is set to YES.
+
+CLANG_OPTIONS          =
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the alphabetical class index
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the ALPHABETICAL_INDEX tag is set to YES, an alphabetical index of all
+# compounds will be generated. Enable this if the project contains a lot of
+# classes, structs, unions or interfaces.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+ALPHABETICAL_INDEX     = YES
+
+# The COLS_IN_ALPHA_INDEX tag can be used to specify the number of columns in
+# which the alphabetical index list will be split.
+# Minimum value: 1, maximum value: 20, default value: 5.
+# This tag requires that the tag ALPHABETICAL_INDEX is set to YES.
+
+COLS_IN_ALPHA_INDEX    = 5
+
+# In case all classes in a project start with a common prefix, all classes will
+# be put under the same header in the alphabetical index. The IGNORE_PREFIX tag
+# can be used to specify a prefix (or a list of prefixes) that should be ignored
+# while generating the index headers.
+# This tag requires that the tag ALPHABETICAL_INDEX is set to YES.
+
+IGNORE_PREFIX          =
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the HTML output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the GENERATE_HTML tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate HTML output
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+GENERATE_HTML          = YES
+
+# The HTML_OUTPUT tag is used to specify where the HTML docs will be put. If a
+# relative path is entered the value of OUTPUT_DIRECTORY will be put in front of
+# it.
+# The default directory is: html.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+HTML_OUTPUT            = html
+
+# The HTML_FILE_EXTENSION tag can be used to specify the file extension for each
+# generated HTML page (for example: .htm, .php, .asp).
+# The default value is: .html.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+HTML_FILE_EXTENSION    = .html
+
+# The HTML_HEADER tag can be used to specify a user-defined HTML header file for
+# each generated HTML page. If the tag is left blank doxygen will generate a
+# standard header.
+#
+# To get valid HTML the header file that includes any scripts and style sheets
+# that doxygen needs, which is dependent on the configuration options used (e.g.
+# the setting GENERATE_TREEVIEW). It is highly recommended to start with a
+# default header using
+# doxygen -w html new_header.html new_footer.html new_stylesheet.css
+# YourConfigFile
+# and then modify the file new_header.html. See also section "Doxygen usage"
+# for information on how to generate the default header that doxygen normally
+# uses.
+# Note: The header is subject to change so you typically have to regenerate the
+# default header when upgrading to a newer version of doxygen. For a description
+# of the possible markers and block names see the documentation.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+HTML_HEADER            =
+
+# The HTML_FOOTER tag can be used to specify a user-defined HTML footer for each
+# generated HTML page. If the tag is left blank doxygen will generate a standard
+# footer. See HTML_HEADER for more information on how to generate a default
+# footer and what special commands can be used inside the footer. See also
+# section "Doxygen usage" for information on how to generate the default footer
+# that doxygen normally uses.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+HTML_FOOTER            =
+
+# The HTML_STYLESHEET tag can be used to specify a user-defined cascading style
+# sheet that is used by each HTML page. It can be used to fine-tune the look of
+# the HTML output. If left blank doxygen will generate a default style sheet.
+# See also section "Doxygen usage" for information on how to generate the style
+# sheet that doxygen normally uses.
+# Note: It is recommended to use HTML_EXTRA_STYLESHEET instead of this tag, as
+# it is more robust and this tag (HTML_STYLESHEET) will in the future become
+# obsolete.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+HTML_STYLESHEET        =
+
+# The HTML_EXTRA_STYLESHEET tag can be used to specify additional user-defined
+# cascading style sheets that are included after the standard style sheets
+# created by doxygen. Using this option one can overrule certain style aspects.
+# This is preferred over using HTML_STYLESHEET since it does not replace the
+# standard style sheet and is therefore more robust against future updates.
+# Doxygen will copy the style sheet files to the output directory.
+# Note: The order of the extra style sheet files is of importance (e.g. the last
+# style sheet in the list overrules the setting of the previous ones in the
+# list). For an example see the documentation.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+HTML_EXTRA_STYLESHEET  =
+
+# The HTML_EXTRA_FILES tag can be used to specify one or more extra images or
+# other source files which should be copied to the HTML output directory. Note
+# that these files will be copied to the base HTML output directory. Use the
+# $relpath^ marker in the HTML_HEADER and/or HTML_FOOTER files to load these
+# files. In the HTML_STYLESHEET file, use the file name only. Also note that the
+# files will be copied as-is; there are no commands or markers available.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+HTML_EXTRA_FILES       =
+
+# The HTML_COLORSTYLE_HUE tag controls the color of the HTML output. Doxygen
+# will adjust the colors in the style sheet and background images according to
+# this color. Hue is specified as an angle on a colorwheel, see
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hue for more information. For instance the value
+# 0 represents red, 60 is yellow, 120 is green, 180 is cyan, 240 is blue, 300
+# purple, and 360 is red again.
+# Minimum value: 0, maximum value: 359, default value: 220.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+HTML_COLORSTYLE_HUE    = 220
+
+# The HTML_COLORSTYLE_SAT tag controls the purity (or saturation) of the colors
+# in the HTML output. For a value of 0 the output will use grayscales only. A
+# value of 255 will produce the most vivid colors.
+# Minimum value: 0, maximum value: 255, default value: 100.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+HTML_COLORSTYLE_SAT    = 100
+
+# The HTML_COLORSTYLE_GAMMA tag controls the gamma correction applied to the
+# luminance component of the colors in the HTML output. Values below 100
+# gradually make the output lighter, whereas values above 100 make the output
+# darker. The value divided by 100 is the actual gamma applied, so 80 represents
+# a gamma of 0.8, The value 220 represents a gamma of 2.2, and 100 does not
+# change the gamma.
+# Minimum value: 40, maximum value: 240, default value: 80.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+HTML_COLORSTYLE_GAMMA  = 80
+
+# If the HTML_TIMESTAMP tag is set to YES then the footer of each generated HTML
+# page will contain the date and time when the page was generated. Setting this
+# to NO can help when comparing the output of multiple runs.
+# The default value is: YES.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+HTML_TIMESTAMP         = YES
+
+# If the HTML_DYNAMIC_SECTIONS tag is set to YES then the generated HTML
+# documentation will contain sections that can be hidden and shown after the
+# page has loaded.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+HTML_DYNAMIC_SECTIONS  = NO
+
+# With HTML_INDEX_NUM_ENTRIES one can control the preferred number of entries
+# shown in the various tree structured indices initially; the user can expand
+# and collapse entries dynamically later on. Doxygen will expand the tree to
+# such a level that at most the specified number of entries are visible (unless
+# a fully collapsed tree already exceeds this amount). So setting the number of
+# entries 1 will produce a full collapsed tree by default. 0 is a special value
+# representing an infinite number of entries and will result in a full expanded
+# tree by default.
+# Minimum value: 0, maximum value: 9999, default value: 100.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+HTML_INDEX_NUM_ENTRIES = 100
+
+# If the GENERATE_DOCSET tag is set to YES, additional index files will be
+# generated that can be used as input for Apple's Xcode 3 integrated development
+# environment (see: http://developer.apple.com/tools/xcode/), introduced with
+# OSX 10.5 (Leopard). To create a documentation set, doxygen will generate a
+# Makefile in the HTML output directory. Running make will produce the docset in
+# that directory and running make install will install the docset in
+# ~/Library/Developer/Shared/Documentation/DocSets so that Xcode will find it at
+# startup. See http://developer.apple.com/tools/creatingdocsetswithdoxygen.html
+# for more information.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+GENERATE_DOCSET        = NO
+
+# This tag determines the name of the docset feed. A documentation feed provides
+# an umbrella under which multiple documentation sets from a single provider
+# (such as a company or product suite) can be grouped.
+# The default value is: Doxygen generated docs.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_DOCSET is set to YES.
+
+DOCSET_FEEDNAME        = "Doxygen generated docs"
+
+# This tag specifies a string that should uniquely identify the documentation
+# set bundle. This should be a reverse domain-name style string, e.g.
+# com.mycompany.MyDocSet. Doxygen will append .docset to the name.
+# The default value is: org.doxygen.Project.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_DOCSET is set to YES.
+
+DOCSET_BUNDLE_ID       = org.doxygen.Project
+
+# The DOCSET_PUBLISHER_ID tag specifies a string that should uniquely identify
+# the documentation publisher. This should be a reverse domain-name style
+# string, e.g. com.mycompany.MyDocSet.documentation.
+# The default value is: org.doxygen.Publisher.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_DOCSET is set to YES.
+
+DOCSET_PUBLISHER_ID    = org.doxygen.Publisher
+
+# The DOCSET_PUBLISHER_NAME tag identifies the documentation publisher.
+# The default value is: Publisher.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_DOCSET is set to YES.
+
+DOCSET_PUBLISHER_NAME  = Publisher
+
+# If the GENERATE_HTMLHELP tag is set to YES then doxygen generates three
+# additional HTML index files: index.hhp, index.hhc, and index.hhk. The
+# index.hhp is a project file that can be read by Microsoft's HTML Help Workshop
+# (see: http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=21138) on
+# Windows.
+#
+# The HTML Help Workshop contains a compiler that can convert all HTML output
+# generated by doxygen into a single compiled HTML file (.chm). Compiled HTML
+# files are now used as the Windows 98 help format, and will replace the old
+# Windows help format (.hlp) on all Windows platforms in the future. Compressed
+# HTML files also contain an index, a table of contents, and you can search for
+# words in the documentation. The HTML workshop also contains a viewer for
+# compressed HTML files.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+GENERATE_HTMLHELP      = NO
+
+# The CHM_FILE tag can be used to specify the file name of the resulting .chm
+# file. You can add a path in front of the file if the result should not be
+# written to the html output directory.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTMLHELP is set to YES.
+
+CHM_FILE               =
+
+# The HHC_LOCATION tag can be used to specify the location (absolute path
+# including file name) of the HTML help compiler (hhc.exe). If non-empty,
+# doxygen will try to run the HTML help compiler on the generated index.hhp.
+# The file has to be specified with full path.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTMLHELP is set to YES.
+
+HHC_LOCATION           =
+
+# The GENERATE_CHI flag controls if a separate .chi index file is generated
+# (YES) or that it should be included in the master .chm file (NO).
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTMLHELP is set to YES.
+
+GENERATE_CHI           = NO
+
+# The CHM_INDEX_ENCODING is used to encode HtmlHelp index (hhk), content (hhc)
+# and project file content.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTMLHELP is set to YES.
+
+CHM_INDEX_ENCODING     =
+
+# The BINARY_TOC flag controls whether a binary table of contents is generated
+# (YES) or a normal table of contents (NO) in the .chm file. Furthermore it
+# enables the Previous and Next buttons.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTMLHELP is set to YES.
+
+BINARY_TOC             = NO
+
+# The TOC_EXPAND flag can be set to YES to add extra items for group members to
+# the table of contents of the HTML help documentation and to the tree view.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTMLHELP is set to YES.
+
+TOC_EXPAND             = NO
+
+# If the GENERATE_QHP tag is set to YES and both QHP_NAMESPACE and
+# QHP_VIRTUAL_FOLDER are set, an additional index file will be generated that
+# can be used as input for Qt's qhelpgenerator to generate a Qt Compressed Help
+# (.qch) of the generated HTML documentation.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+GENERATE_QHP           = NO
+
+# If the QHG_LOCATION tag is specified, the QCH_FILE tag can be used to specify
+# the file name of the resulting .qch file. The path specified is relative to
+# the HTML output folder.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_QHP is set to YES.
+
+QCH_FILE               =
+
+# The QHP_NAMESPACE tag specifies the namespace to use when generating Qt Help
+# Project output. For more information please see Qt Help Project / Namespace
+# (see: http://qt-project.org/doc/qt-4.8/qthelpproject.html#namespace).
+# The default value is: org.doxygen.Project.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_QHP is set to YES.
+
+QHP_NAMESPACE          = org.doxygen.Project
+
+# The QHP_VIRTUAL_FOLDER tag specifies the namespace to use when generating Qt
+# Help Project output. For more information please see Qt Help Project / Virtual
+# Folders (see: http://qt-project.org/doc/qt-4.8/qthelpproject.html#virtual-
+# folders).
+# The default value is: doc.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_QHP is set to YES.
+
+QHP_VIRTUAL_FOLDER     = doc
+
+# If the QHP_CUST_FILTER_NAME tag is set, it specifies the name of a custom
+# filter to add. For more information please see Qt Help Project / Custom
+# Filters (see: http://qt-project.org/doc/qt-4.8/qthelpproject.html#custom-
+# filters).
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_QHP is set to YES.
+
+QHP_CUST_FILTER_NAME   =
+
+# The QHP_CUST_FILTER_ATTRS tag specifies the list of the attributes of the
+# custom filter to add. For more information please see Qt Help Project / Custom
+# Filters (see: http://qt-project.org/doc/qt-4.8/qthelpproject.html#custom-
+# filters).
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_QHP is set to YES.
+
+QHP_CUST_FILTER_ATTRS  =
+
+# The QHP_SECT_FILTER_ATTRS tag specifies the list of the attributes this
+# project's filter section matches. Qt Help Project / Filter Attributes (see:
+# http://qt-project.org/doc/qt-4.8/qthelpproject.html#filter-attributes).
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_QHP is set to YES.
+
+QHP_SECT_FILTER_ATTRS  =
+
+# The QHG_LOCATION tag can be used to specify the location of Qt's
+# qhelpgenerator. If non-empty doxygen will try to run qhelpgenerator on the
+# generated .qhp file.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_QHP is set to YES.
+
+QHG_LOCATION           =
+
+# If the GENERATE_ECLIPSEHELP tag is set to YES, additional index files will be
+# generated, together with the HTML files, they form an Eclipse help plugin. To
+# install this plugin and make it available under the help contents menu in
+# Eclipse, the contents of the directory containing the HTML and XML files needs
+# to be copied into the plugins directory of eclipse. The name of the directory
+# within the plugins directory should be the same as the ECLIPSE_DOC_ID value.
+# After copying Eclipse needs to be restarted before the help appears.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+GENERATE_ECLIPSEHELP   = NO
+
+# A unique identifier for the Eclipse help plugin. When installing the plugin
+# the directory name containing the HTML and XML files should also have this
+# name. Each documentation set should have its own identifier.
+# The default value is: org.doxygen.Project.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_ECLIPSEHELP is set to YES.
+
+ECLIPSE_DOC_ID         = org.doxygen.Project
+
+# If you want full control over the layout of the generated HTML pages it might
+# be necessary to disable the index and replace it with your own. The
+# DISABLE_INDEX tag can be used to turn on/off the condensed index (tabs) at top
+# of each HTML page. A value of NO enables the index and the value YES disables
+# it. Since the tabs in the index contain the same information as the navigation
+# tree, you can set this option to YES if you also set GENERATE_TREEVIEW to YES.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+DISABLE_INDEX          = NO
+
+# The GENERATE_TREEVIEW tag is used to specify whether a tree-like index
+# structure should be generated to display hierarchical information. If the tag
+# value is set to YES, a side panel will be generated containing a tree-like
+# index structure (just like the one that is generated for HTML Help). For this
+# to work a browser that supports JavaScript, DHTML, CSS and frames is required
+# (i.e. any modern browser). Windows users are probably better off using the
+# HTML help feature. Via custom style sheets (see HTML_EXTRA_STYLESHEET) one can
+# further fine-tune the look of the index. As an example, the default style
+# sheet generated by doxygen has an example that shows how to put an image at
+# the root of the tree instead of the PROJECT_NAME. Since the tree basically has
+# the same information as the tab index, you could consider setting
+# DISABLE_INDEX to YES when enabling this option.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+GENERATE_TREEVIEW      = NO
+
+# The ENUM_VALUES_PER_LINE tag can be used to set the number of enum values that
+# doxygen will group on one line in the generated HTML documentation.
+#
+# Note that a value of 0 will completely suppress the enum values from appearing
+# in the overview section.
+# Minimum value: 0, maximum value: 20, default value: 4.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+ENUM_VALUES_PER_LINE   = 4
+
+# If the treeview is enabled (see GENERATE_TREEVIEW) then this tag can be used
+# to set the initial width (in pixels) of the frame in which the tree is shown.
+# Minimum value: 0, maximum value: 1500, default value: 250.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+TREEVIEW_WIDTH         = 250
+
+# If the EXT_LINKS_IN_WINDOW option is set to YES, doxygen will open links to
+# external symbols imported via tag files in a separate window.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+EXT_LINKS_IN_WINDOW    = NO
+
+# Use this tag to change the font size of LaTeX formulas included as images in
+# the HTML documentation. When you change the font size after a successful
+# doxygen run you need to manually remove any form_*.png images from the HTML
+# output directory to force them to be regenerated.
+# Minimum value: 8, maximum value: 50, default value: 10.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+FORMULA_FONTSIZE       = 10
+
+# Use the FORMULA_TRANPARENT tag to determine whether or not the images
+# generated for formulas are transparent PNGs. Transparent PNGs are not
+# supported properly for IE 6.0, but are supported on all modern browsers.
+#
+# Note that when changing this option you need to delete any form_*.png files in
+# the HTML output directory before the changes have effect.
+# The default value is: YES.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+FORMULA_TRANSPARENT    = YES
+
+# Enable the USE_MATHJAX option to render LaTeX formulas using MathJax (see
+# http://www.mathjax.org) which uses client side Javascript for the rendering
+# instead of using pre-rendered bitmaps. Use this if you do not have LaTeX
+# installed or if you want to formulas look prettier in the HTML output. When
+# enabled you may also need to install MathJax separately and configure the path
+# to it using the MATHJAX_RELPATH option.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+USE_MATHJAX            = NO
+
+# When MathJax is enabled you can set the default output format to be used for
+# the MathJax output. See the MathJax site (see:
+# http://docs.mathjax.org/en/latest/output.html) for more details.
+# Possible values are: HTML-CSS (which is slower, but has the best
+# compatibility), NativeMML (i.e. MathML) and SVG.
+# The default value is: HTML-CSS.
+# This tag requires that the tag USE_MATHJAX is set to YES.
+
+MATHJAX_FORMAT         = HTML-CSS
+
+# When MathJax is enabled you need to specify the location relative to the HTML
+# output directory using the MATHJAX_RELPATH option. The destination directory
+# should contain the MathJax.js script. For instance, if the mathjax directory
+# is located at the same level as the HTML output directory, then
+# MATHJAX_RELPATH should be ../mathjax. The default value points to the MathJax
+# Content Delivery Network so you can quickly see the result without installing
+# MathJax. However, it is strongly recommended to install a local copy of
+# MathJax from http://www.mathjax.org before deployment.
+# The default value is: http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest.
+# This tag requires that the tag USE_MATHJAX is set to YES.
+
+MATHJAX_RELPATH        = http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest
+
+# The MATHJAX_EXTENSIONS tag can be used to specify one or more MathJax
+# extension names that should be enabled during MathJax rendering. For example
+# MATHJAX_EXTENSIONS = TeX/AMSmath TeX/AMSsymbols
+# This tag requires that the tag USE_MATHJAX is set to YES.
+
+MATHJAX_EXTENSIONS     =
+
+# The MATHJAX_CODEFILE tag can be used to specify a file with javascript pieces
+# of code that will be used on startup of the MathJax code. See the MathJax site
+# (see: http://docs.mathjax.org/en/latest/output.html) for more details. For an
+# example see the documentation.
+# This tag requires that the tag USE_MATHJAX is set to YES.
+
+MATHJAX_CODEFILE       =
+
+# When the SEARCHENGINE tag is enabled doxygen will generate a search box for
+# the HTML output. The underlying search engine uses javascript and DHTML and
+# should work on any modern browser. Note that when using HTML help
+# (GENERATE_HTMLHELP), Qt help (GENERATE_QHP), or docsets (GENERATE_DOCSET)
+# there is already a search function so this one should typically be disabled.
+# For large projects the javascript based search engine can be slow, then
+# enabling SERVER_BASED_SEARCH may provide a better solution. It is possible to
+# search using the keyboard; to jump to the search box use <access key> + S
+# (what the <access key> is depends on the OS and browser, but it is typically
+# <CTRL>, <ALT>/<option>, or both). Inside the search box use the <cursor down
+# key> to jump into the search results window, the results can be navigated
+# using the <cursor keys>. Press <Enter> to select an item or <escape> to cancel
+# the search. The filter options can be selected when the cursor is inside the
+# search box by pressing <Shift>+<cursor down>. Also here use the <cursor keys>
+# to select a filter and <Enter> or <escape> to activate or cancel the filter
+# option.
+# The default value is: YES.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_HTML is set to YES.
+
+SEARCHENGINE           = YES
+
+# When the SERVER_BASED_SEARCH tag is enabled the search engine will be
+# implemented using a web server instead of a web client using Javascript. There
+# are two flavors of web server based searching depending on the EXTERNAL_SEARCH
+# setting. When disabled, doxygen will generate a PHP script for searching and
+# an index file used by the script. When EXTERNAL_SEARCH is enabled the indexing
+# and searching needs to be provided by external tools. See the section
+# "External Indexing and Searching" for details.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag SEARCHENGINE is set to YES.
+
+SERVER_BASED_SEARCH    = NO
+
+# When EXTERNAL_SEARCH tag is enabled doxygen will no longer generate the PHP
+# script for searching. Instead the search results are written to an XML file
+# which needs to be processed by an external indexer. Doxygen will invoke an
+# external search engine pointed to by the SEARCHENGINE_URL option to obtain the
+# search results.
+#
+# Doxygen ships with an example indexer (doxyindexer) and search engine
+# (doxysearch.cgi) which are based on the open source search engine library
+# Xapian (see: http://xapian.org/).
+#
+# See the section "External Indexing and Searching" for details.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag SEARCHENGINE is set to YES.
+
+EXTERNAL_SEARCH        = NO
+
+# The SEARCHENGINE_URL should point to a search engine hosted by a web server
+# which will return the search results when EXTERNAL_SEARCH is enabled.
+#
+# Doxygen ships with an example indexer (doxyindexer) and search engine
+# (doxysearch.cgi) which are based on the open source search engine library
+# Xapian (see: http://xapian.org/). See the section "External Indexing and
+# Searching" for details.
+# This tag requires that the tag SEARCHENGINE is set to YES.
+
+SEARCHENGINE_URL       =
+
+# When SERVER_BASED_SEARCH and EXTERNAL_SEARCH are both enabled the unindexed
+# search data is written to a file for indexing by an external tool. With the
+# SEARCHDATA_FILE tag the name of this file can be specified.
+# The default file is: searchdata.xml.
+# This tag requires that the tag SEARCHENGINE is set to YES.
+
+SEARCHDATA_FILE        = searchdata.xml
+
+# When SERVER_BASED_SEARCH and EXTERNAL_SEARCH are both enabled the
+# EXTERNAL_SEARCH_ID tag can be used as an identifier for the project. This is
+# useful in combination with EXTRA_SEARCH_MAPPINGS to search through multiple
+# projects and redirect the results back to the right project.
+# This tag requires that the tag SEARCHENGINE is set to YES.
+
+EXTERNAL_SEARCH_ID     =
+
+# The EXTRA_SEARCH_MAPPINGS tag can be used to enable searching through doxygen
+# projects other than the one defined by this configuration file, but that are
+# all added to the same external search index. Each project needs to have a
+# unique id set via EXTERNAL_SEARCH_ID. The search mapping then maps the id of
+# to a relative location where the documentation can be found. The format is:
+# EXTRA_SEARCH_MAPPINGS = tagname1=loc1 tagname2=loc2 ...
+# This tag requires that the tag SEARCHENGINE is set to YES.
+
+EXTRA_SEARCH_MAPPINGS  =
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the LaTeX output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the GENERATE_LATEX tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate LaTeX output.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+GENERATE_LATEX         = YES
+
+# The LATEX_OUTPUT tag is used to specify where the LaTeX docs will be put. If a
+# relative path is entered the value of OUTPUT_DIRECTORY will be put in front of
+# it.
+# The default directory is: latex.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
+
+LATEX_OUTPUT           = latex
+
+# The LATEX_CMD_NAME tag can be used to specify the LaTeX command name to be
+# invoked.
+#
+# Note that when enabling USE_PDFLATEX this option is only used for generating
+# bitmaps for formulas in the HTML output, but not in the Makefile that is
+# written to the output directory.
+# The default file is: latex.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
+
+LATEX_CMD_NAME         = latex
+
+# The MAKEINDEX_CMD_NAME tag can be used to specify the command name to generate
+# index for LaTeX.
+# The default file is: makeindex.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
+
+MAKEINDEX_CMD_NAME     = makeindex
+
+# If the COMPACT_LATEX tag is set to YES, doxygen generates more compact LaTeX
+# documents. This may be useful for small projects and may help to save some
+# trees in general.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
+
+COMPACT_LATEX          = NO
+
+# The PAPER_TYPE tag can be used to set the paper type that is used by the
+# printer.
+# Possible values are: a4 (210 x 297 mm), letter (8.5 x 11 inches), legal (8.5 x
+# 14 inches) and executive (7.25 x 10.5 inches).
+# The default value is: a4.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
+
+PAPER_TYPE             = a4
+
+# The EXTRA_PACKAGES tag can be used to specify one or more LaTeX package names
+# that should be included in the LaTeX output. To get the times font for
+# instance you can specify
+# EXTRA_PACKAGES=times
+# If left blank no extra packages will be included.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
+
+EXTRA_PACKAGES         =
+
+# The LATEX_HEADER tag can be used to specify a personal LaTeX header for the
+# generated LaTeX document. The header should contain everything until the first
+# chapter. If it is left blank doxygen will generate a standard header. See
+# section "Doxygen usage" for information on how to let doxygen write the
+# default header to a separate file.
+#
+# Note: Only use a user-defined header if you know what you are doing! The
+# following commands have a special meaning inside the header: $title,
+# $datetime, $date, $doxygenversion, $projectname, $projectnumber,
+# $projectbrief, $projectlogo. Doxygen will replace $title with the empty
+# string, for the replacement values of the other commands the user is referred
+# to HTML_HEADER.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
+
+LATEX_HEADER           =
+
+# The LATEX_FOOTER tag can be used to specify a personal LaTeX footer for the
+# generated LaTeX document. The footer should contain everything after the last
+# chapter. If it is left blank doxygen will generate a standard footer. See
+# LATEX_HEADER for more information on how to generate a default footer and what
+# special commands can be used inside the footer.
+#
+# Note: Only use a user-defined footer if you know what you are doing!
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
+
+LATEX_FOOTER           =
+
+# The LATEX_EXTRA_STYLESHEET tag can be used to specify additional user-defined
+# LaTeX style sheets that are included after the standard style sheets created
+# by doxygen. Using this option one can overrule certain style aspects. Doxygen
+# will copy the style sheet files to the output directory.
+# Note: The order of the extra style sheet files is of importance (e.g. the last
+# style sheet in the list overrules the setting of the previous ones in the
+# list).
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
+
+LATEX_EXTRA_STYLESHEET =
+
+# The LATEX_EXTRA_FILES tag can be used to specify one or more extra images or
+# other source files which should be copied to the LATEX_OUTPUT output
+# directory. Note that the files will be copied as-is; there are no commands or
+# markers available.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
+
+LATEX_EXTRA_FILES      =
+
+# If the PDF_HYPERLINKS tag is set to YES, the LaTeX that is generated is
+# prepared for conversion to PDF (using ps2pdf or pdflatex). The PDF file will
+# contain links (just like the HTML output) instead of page references. This
+# makes the output suitable for online browsing using a PDF viewer.
+# The default value is: YES.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
+
+PDF_HYPERLINKS         = YES
+
+# If the USE_PDFLATEX tag is set to YES, doxygen will use pdflatex to generate
+# the PDF file directly from the LaTeX files. Set this option to YES, to get a
+# higher quality PDF documentation.
+# The default value is: YES.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
+
+USE_PDFLATEX           = YES
+
+# If the LATEX_BATCHMODE tag is set to YES, doxygen will add the \batchmode
+# command to the generated LaTeX files. This will instruct LaTeX to keep running
+# if errors occur, instead of asking the user for help. This option is also used
+# when generating formulas in HTML.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
+
+LATEX_BATCHMODE        = NO
+
+# If the LATEX_HIDE_INDICES tag is set to YES then doxygen will not include the
+# index chapters (such as File Index, Compound Index, etc.) in the output.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
+
+LATEX_HIDE_INDICES     = NO
+
+# If the LATEX_SOURCE_CODE tag is set to YES then doxygen will include source
+# code with syntax highlighting in the LaTeX output.
+#
+# Note that which sources are shown also depends on other settings such as
+# SOURCE_BROWSER.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
+
+LATEX_SOURCE_CODE      = NO
+
+# The LATEX_BIB_STYLE tag can be used to specify the style to use for the
+# bibliography, e.g. plainnat, or ieeetr. See
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX and \cite for more info.
+# The default value is: plain.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_LATEX is set to YES.
+
+LATEX_BIB_STYLE        = plain
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the RTF output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the GENERATE_RTF tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate RTF output. The
+# RTF output is optimized for Word 97 and may not look too pretty with other RTF
+# readers/editors.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+GENERATE_RTF           = NO
+
+# The RTF_OUTPUT tag is used to specify where the RTF docs will be put. If a
+# relative path is entered the value of OUTPUT_DIRECTORY will be put in front of
+# it.
+# The default directory is: rtf.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_RTF is set to YES.
+
+RTF_OUTPUT             = rtf
+
+# If the COMPACT_RTF tag is set to YES, doxygen generates more compact RTF
+# documents. This may be useful for small projects and may help to save some
+# trees in general.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_RTF is set to YES.
+
+COMPACT_RTF            = NO
+
+# If the RTF_HYPERLINKS tag is set to YES, the RTF that is generated will
+# contain hyperlink fields. The RTF file will contain links (just like the HTML
+# output) instead of page references. This makes the output suitable for online
+# browsing using Word or some other Word compatible readers that support those
+# fields.
+#
+# Note: WordPad (write) and others do not support links.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_RTF is set to YES.
+
+RTF_HYPERLINKS         = NO
+
+# Load stylesheet definitions from file. Syntax is similar to doxygen's config
+# file, i.e. a series of assignments. You only have to provide replacements,
+# missing definitions are set to their default value.
+#
+# See also section "Doxygen usage" for information on how to generate the
+# default style sheet that doxygen normally uses.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_RTF is set to YES.
+
+RTF_STYLESHEET_FILE    =
+
+# Set optional variables used in the generation of an RTF document. Syntax is
+# similar to doxygen's config file. A template extensions file can be generated
+# using doxygen -e rtf extensionFile.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_RTF is set to YES.
+
+RTF_EXTENSIONS_FILE    =
+
+# If the RTF_SOURCE_CODE tag is set to YES then doxygen will include source code
+# with syntax highlighting in the RTF output.
+#
+# Note that which sources are shown also depends on other settings such as
+# SOURCE_BROWSER.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_RTF is set to YES.
+
+RTF_SOURCE_CODE        = NO
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the man page output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the GENERATE_MAN tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate man pages for
+# classes and files.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+GENERATE_MAN           = NO
+
+# The MAN_OUTPUT tag is used to specify where the man pages will be put. If a
+# relative path is entered the value of OUTPUT_DIRECTORY will be put in front of
+# it. A directory man3 will be created inside the directory specified by
+# MAN_OUTPUT.
+# The default directory is: man.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_MAN is set to YES.
+
+MAN_OUTPUT             = man
+
+# The MAN_EXTENSION tag determines the extension that is added to the generated
+# man pages. In case the manual section does not start with a number, the number
+# 3 is prepended. The dot (.) at the beginning of the MAN_EXTENSION tag is
+# optional.
+# The default value is: .3.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_MAN is set to YES.
+
+MAN_EXTENSION          = .3
+
+# The MAN_SUBDIR tag determines the name of the directory created within
+# MAN_OUTPUT in which the man pages are placed. If defaults to man followed by
+# MAN_EXTENSION with the initial . removed.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_MAN is set to YES.
+
+MAN_SUBDIR             =
+
+# If the MAN_LINKS tag is set to YES and doxygen generates man output, then it
+# will generate one additional man file for each entity documented in the real
+# man page(s). These additional files only source the real man page, but without
+# them the man command would be unable to find the correct page.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_MAN is set to YES.
+
+MAN_LINKS              = NO
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the XML output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the GENERATE_XML tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate an XML file that
+# captures the structure of the code including all documentation.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+GENERATE_XML           = NO
+
+# The XML_OUTPUT tag is used to specify where the XML pages will be put. If a
+# relative path is entered the value of OUTPUT_DIRECTORY will be put in front of
+# it.
+# The default directory is: xml.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_XML is set to YES.
+
+XML_OUTPUT             = xml
+
+# If the XML_PROGRAMLISTING tag is set to YES, doxygen will dump the program
+# listings (including syntax highlighting and cross-referencing information) to
+# the XML output. Note that enabling this will significantly increase the size
+# of the XML output.
+# The default value is: YES.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_XML is set to YES.
+
+XML_PROGRAMLISTING     = YES
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the DOCBOOK output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the GENERATE_DOCBOOK tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate Docbook files
+# that can be used to generate PDF.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+GENERATE_DOCBOOK       = NO
+
+# The DOCBOOK_OUTPUT tag is used to specify where the Docbook pages will be put.
+# If a relative path is entered the value of OUTPUT_DIRECTORY will be put in
+# front of it.
+# The default directory is: docbook.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_DOCBOOK is set to YES.
+
+DOCBOOK_OUTPUT         = docbook
+
+# If the DOCBOOK_PROGRAMLISTING tag is set to YES, doxygen will include the
+# program listings (including syntax highlighting and cross-referencing
+# information) to the DOCBOOK output. Note that enabling this will significantly
+# increase the size of the DOCBOOK output.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_DOCBOOK is set to YES.
+
+DOCBOOK_PROGRAMLISTING = NO
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options for the AutoGen Definitions output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the GENERATE_AUTOGEN_DEF tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate an
+# AutoGen Definitions (see http://autogen.sf.net) file that captures the
+# structure of the code including all documentation. Note that this feature is
+# still experimental and incomplete at the moment.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+GENERATE_AUTOGEN_DEF   = NO
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the Perl module output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the GENERATE_PERLMOD tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate a Perl module
+# file that captures the structure of the code including all documentation.
+#
+# Note that this feature is still experimental and incomplete at the moment.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+GENERATE_PERLMOD       = NO
+
+# If the PERLMOD_LATEX tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate the necessary
+# Makefile rules, Perl scripts and LaTeX code to be able to generate PDF and DVI
+# output from the Perl module output.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_PERLMOD is set to YES.
+
+PERLMOD_LATEX          = NO
+
+# If the PERLMOD_PRETTY tag is set to YES, the Perl module output will be nicely
+# formatted so it can be parsed by a human reader. This is useful if you want to
+# understand what is going on. On the other hand, if this tag is set to NO, the
+# size of the Perl module output will be much smaller and Perl will parse it
+# just the same.
+# The default value is: YES.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_PERLMOD is set to YES.
+
+PERLMOD_PRETTY         = YES
+
+# The names of the make variables in the generated doxyrules.make file are
+# prefixed with the string contained in PERLMOD_MAKEVAR_PREFIX. This is useful
+# so different doxyrules.make files included by the same Makefile don't
+# overwrite each other's variables.
+# This tag requires that the tag GENERATE_PERLMOD is set to YES.
+
+PERLMOD_MAKEVAR_PREFIX =
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the preprocessor
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the ENABLE_PREPROCESSING tag is set to YES, doxygen will evaluate all
+# C-preprocessor directives found in the sources and include files.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+ENABLE_PREPROCESSING   = YES
+
+# If the MACRO_EXPANSION tag is set to YES, doxygen will expand all macro names
+# in the source code. If set to NO, only conditional compilation will be
+# performed. Macro expansion can be done in a controlled way by setting
+# EXPAND_ONLY_PREDEF to YES.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag ENABLE_PREPROCESSING is set to YES.
+
+MACRO_EXPANSION        = NO
+
+# If the EXPAND_ONLY_PREDEF and MACRO_EXPANSION tags are both set to YES then
+# the macro expansion is limited to the macros specified with the PREDEFINED and
+# EXPAND_AS_DEFINED tags.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag ENABLE_PREPROCESSING is set to YES.
+
+EXPAND_ONLY_PREDEF     = NO
+
+# If the SEARCH_INCLUDES tag is set to YES, the include files in the
+# INCLUDE_PATH will be searched if a #include is found.
+# The default value is: YES.
+# This tag requires that the tag ENABLE_PREPROCESSING is set to YES.
+
+SEARCH_INCLUDES        = YES
+
+# The INCLUDE_PATH tag can be used to specify one or more directories that
+# contain include files that are not input files but should be processed by the
+# preprocessor.
+# This tag requires that the tag SEARCH_INCLUDES is set to YES.
+
+INCLUDE_PATH           =
+
+# You can use the INCLUDE_FILE_PATTERNS tag to specify one or more wildcard
+# patterns (like *.h and *.hpp) to filter out the header-files in the
+# directories. If left blank, the patterns specified with FILE_PATTERNS will be
+# used.
+# This tag requires that the tag ENABLE_PREPROCESSING is set to YES.
+
+INCLUDE_FILE_PATTERNS  =
+
+# The PREDEFINED tag can be used to specify one or more macro names that are
+# defined before the preprocessor is started (similar to the -D option of e.g.
+# gcc). The argument of the tag is a list of macros of the form: name or
+# name=definition (no spaces). If the definition and the "=" are omitted, "=1"
+# is assumed. To prevent a macro definition from being undefined via #undef or
+# recursively expanded use the := operator instead of the = operator.
+# This tag requires that the tag ENABLE_PREPROCESSING is set to YES.
+
+PREDEFINED             =
+
+# If the MACRO_EXPANSION and EXPAND_ONLY_PREDEF tags are set to YES then this
+# tag can be used to specify a list of macro names that should be expanded. The
+# macro definition that is found in the sources will be used. Use the PREDEFINED
+# tag if you want to use a different macro definition that overrules the
+# definition found in the source code.
+# This tag requires that the tag ENABLE_PREPROCESSING is set to YES.
+
+EXPAND_AS_DEFINED      =
+
+# If the SKIP_FUNCTION_MACROS tag is set to YES then doxygen's preprocessor will
+# remove all references to function-like macros that are alone on a line, have
+# an all uppercase name, and do not end with a semicolon. Such function macros
+# are typically used for boiler-plate code, and will confuse the parser if not
+# removed.
+# The default value is: YES.
+# This tag requires that the tag ENABLE_PREPROCESSING is set to YES.
+
+SKIP_FUNCTION_MACROS   = YES
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to external references
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# The TAGFILES tag can be used to specify one or more tag files. For each tag
+# file the location of the external documentation should be added. The format of
+# a tag file without this location is as follows:
+# TAGFILES = file1 file2 ...
+# Adding location for the tag files is done as follows:
+# TAGFILES = file1=loc1 "file2 = loc2" ...
+# where loc1 and loc2 can be relative or absolute paths or URLs. See the
+# section "Linking to external documentation" for more information about the use
+# of tag files.
+# Note: Each tag file must have a unique name (where the name does NOT include
+# the path). If a tag file is not located in the directory in which doxygen is
+# run, you must also specify the path to the tagfile here.
+
+TAGFILES               =
+
+# When a file name is specified after GENERATE_TAGFILE, doxygen will create a
+# tag file that is based on the input files it reads. See section "Linking to
+# external documentation" for more information about the usage of tag files.
+
+GENERATE_TAGFILE       =
+
+# If the ALLEXTERNALS tag is set to YES, all external class will be listed in
+# the class index. If set to NO, only the inherited external classes will be
+# listed.
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+ALLEXTERNALS           = NO
+
+# If the EXTERNAL_GROUPS tag is set to YES, all external groups will be listed
+# in the modules index. If set to NO, only the current project's groups will be
+# listed.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+EXTERNAL_GROUPS        = YES
+
+# If the EXTERNAL_PAGES tag is set to YES, all external pages will be listed in
+# the related pages index. If set to NO, only the current project's pages will
+# be listed.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+EXTERNAL_PAGES         = YES
+
+# The PERL_PATH should be the absolute path and name of the perl script
+# interpreter (i.e. the result of 'which perl').
+# The default file (with absolute path) is: /usr/bin/perl.
+
+PERL_PATH              = /usr/bin/perl
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the dot tool
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the CLASS_DIAGRAMS tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate a class diagram
+# (in HTML and LaTeX) for classes with base or super classes. Setting the tag to
+# NO turns the diagrams off. Note that this option also works with HAVE_DOT
+# disabled, but it is recommended to install and use dot, since it yields more
+# powerful graphs.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+CLASS_DIAGRAMS         = YES
+
+# You can define message sequence charts within doxygen comments using the \msc
+# command. Doxygen will then run the mscgen tool (see:
+# http://www.mcternan.me.uk/mscgen/)) to produce the chart and insert it in the
+# documentation. The MSCGEN_PATH tag allows you to specify the directory where
+# the mscgen tool resides. If left empty the tool is assumed to be found in the
+# default search path.
+
+MSCGEN_PATH            =
+
+# You can include diagrams made with dia in doxygen documentation. Doxygen will
+# then run dia to produce the diagram and insert it in the documentation. The
+# DIA_PATH tag allows you to specify the directory where the dia binary resides.
+# If left empty dia is assumed to be found in the default search path.
+
+DIA_PATH               =
+
+# If set to YES the inheritance and collaboration graphs will hide inheritance
+# and usage relations if the target is undocumented or is not a class.
+# The default value is: YES.
+
+HIDE_UNDOC_RELATIONS   = YES
+
+# If you set the HAVE_DOT tag to YES then doxygen will assume the dot tool is
+# available from the path. This tool is part of Graphviz (see:
+# http://www.graphviz.org/), a graph visualization toolkit from AT&T and Lucent
+# Bell Labs. The other options in this section have no effect if this option is
+# set to NO
+# The default value is: NO.
+
+HAVE_DOT               = NO
+
+# The DOT_NUM_THREADS specifies the number of dot invocations doxygen is allowed
+# to run in parallel. When set to 0 doxygen will base this on the number of
+# processors available in the system. You can set it explicitly to a value
+# larger than 0 to get control over the balance between CPU load and processing
+# speed.
+# Minimum value: 0, maximum value: 32, default value: 0.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+DOT_NUM_THREADS        = 0
+
+# When you want a differently looking font in the dot files that doxygen
+# generates you can specify the font name using DOT_FONTNAME. You need to make
+# sure dot is able to find the font, which can be done by putting it in a
+# standard location or by setting the DOTFONTPATH environment variable or by
+# setting DOT_FONTPATH to the directory containing the font.
+# The default value is: Helvetica.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+DOT_FONTNAME           = Helvetica
+
+# The DOT_FONTSIZE tag can be used to set the size (in points) of the font of
+# dot graphs.
+# Minimum value: 4, maximum value: 24, default value: 10.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+DOT_FONTSIZE           = 10
+
+# By default doxygen will tell dot to use the default font as specified with
+# DOT_FONTNAME. If you specify a different font using DOT_FONTNAME you can set
+# the path where dot can find it using this tag.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+DOT_FONTPATH           =
+
+# If the CLASS_GRAPH tag is set to YES then doxygen will generate a graph for
+# each documented class showing the direct and indirect inheritance relations.
+# Setting this tag to YES will force the CLASS_DIAGRAMS tag to NO.
+# The default value is: YES.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+CLASS_GRAPH            = YES
+
+# If the COLLABORATION_GRAPH tag is set to YES then doxygen will generate a
+# graph for each documented class showing the direct and indirect implementation
+# dependencies (inheritance, containment, and class references variables) of the
+# class with other documented classes.
+# The default value is: YES.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+COLLABORATION_GRAPH    = YES
+
+# If the GROUP_GRAPHS tag is set to YES then doxygen will generate a graph for
+# groups, showing the direct groups dependencies.
+# The default value is: YES.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+GROUP_GRAPHS           = YES
+
+# If the UML_LOOK tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate inheritance and
+# collaboration diagrams in a style similar to the OMG's Unified Modeling
+# Language.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+UML_LOOK               = NO
+
+# If the UML_LOOK tag is enabled, the fields and methods are shown inside the
+# class node. If there are many fields or methods and many nodes the graph may
+# become too big to be useful. The UML_LIMIT_NUM_FIELDS threshold limits the
+# number of items for each type to make the size more manageable. Set this to 0
+# for no limit. Note that the threshold may be exceeded by 50% before the limit
+# is enforced. So when you set the threshold to 10, up to 15 fields may appear,
+# but if the number exceeds 15, the total amount of fields shown is limited to
+# 10.
+# Minimum value: 0, maximum value: 100, default value: 10.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+UML_LIMIT_NUM_FIELDS   = 10
+
+# If the TEMPLATE_RELATIONS tag is set to YES then the inheritance and
+# collaboration graphs will show the relations between templates and their
+# instances.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+TEMPLATE_RELATIONS     = NO
+
+# If the INCLUDE_GRAPH, ENABLE_PREPROCESSING and SEARCH_INCLUDES tags are set to
+# YES then doxygen will generate a graph for each documented file showing the
+# direct and indirect include dependencies of the file with other documented
+# files.
+# The default value is: YES.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+INCLUDE_GRAPH          = YES
+
+# If the INCLUDED_BY_GRAPH, ENABLE_PREPROCESSING and SEARCH_INCLUDES tags are
+# set to YES then doxygen will generate a graph for each documented file showing
+# the direct and indirect include dependencies of the file with other documented
+# files.
+# The default value is: YES.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+INCLUDED_BY_GRAPH      = YES
+
+# If the CALL_GRAPH tag is set to YES then doxygen will generate a call
+# dependency graph for every global function or class method.
+#
+# Note that enabling this option will significantly increase the time of a run.
+# So in most cases it will be better to enable call graphs for selected
+# functions only using the \callgraph command.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+CALL_GRAPH             = NO
+
+# If the CALLER_GRAPH tag is set to YES then doxygen will generate a caller
+# dependency graph for every global function or class method.
+#
+# Note that enabling this option will significantly increase the time of a run.
+# So in most cases it will be better to enable caller graphs for selected
+# functions only using the \callergraph command.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+CALLER_GRAPH           = NO
+
+# If the GRAPHICAL_HIERARCHY tag is set to YES then doxygen will graphical
+# hierarchy of all classes instead of a textual one.
+# The default value is: YES.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+GRAPHICAL_HIERARCHY    = YES
+
+# If the DIRECTORY_GRAPH tag is set to YES then doxygen will show the
+# dependencies a directory has on other directories in a graphical way. The
+# dependency relations are determined by the #include relations between the
+# files in the directories.
+# The default value is: YES.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+DIRECTORY_GRAPH        = YES
+
+# The DOT_IMAGE_FORMAT tag can be used to set the image format of the images
+# generated by dot.
+# Note: If you choose svg you need to set HTML_FILE_EXTENSION to xhtml in order
+# to make the SVG files visible in IE 9+ (other browsers do not have this
+# requirement).
+# Possible values are: png, jpg, gif and svg.
+# The default value is: png.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+DOT_IMAGE_FORMAT       = png
+
+# If DOT_IMAGE_FORMAT is set to svg, then this option can be set to YES to
+# enable generation of interactive SVG images that allow zooming and panning.
+#
+# Note that this requires a modern browser other than Internet Explorer. Tested
+# and working are Firefox, Chrome, Safari, and Opera.
+# Note: For IE 9+ you need to set HTML_FILE_EXTENSION to xhtml in order to make
+# the SVG files visible. Older versions of IE do not have SVG support.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+INTERACTIVE_SVG        = NO
+
+# The DOT_PATH tag can be used to specify the path where the dot tool can be
+# found. If left blank, it is assumed the dot tool can be found in the path.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+DOT_PATH               =
+
+# The DOTFILE_DIRS tag can be used to specify one or more directories that
+# contain dot files that are included in the documentation (see the \dotfile
+# command).
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+DOTFILE_DIRS           =
+
+# The MSCFILE_DIRS tag can be used to specify one or more directories that
+# contain msc files that are included in the documentation (see the \mscfile
+# command).
+
+MSCFILE_DIRS           =
+
+# The DIAFILE_DIRS tag can be used to specify one or more directories that
+# contain dia files that are included in the documentation (see the \diafile
+# command).
+
+DIAFILE_DIRS           =
+
+# When using plantuml, the PLANTUML_JAR_PATH tag should be used to specify the
+# path where java can find the plantuml.jar file. If left blank, it is assumed
+# PlantUML is not used or called during a preprocessing step. Doxygen will
+# generate a warning when it encounters a \startuml command in this case and
+# will not generate output for the diagram.
+
+PLANTUML_JAR_PATH      =
+
+# When using plantuml, the specified paths are searched for files specified by
+# the !include statement in a plantuml block.
+
+PLANTUML_INCLUDE_PATH  =
+
+# The DOT_GRAPH_MAX_NODES tag can be used to set the maximum number of nodes
+# that will be shown in the graph. If the number of nodes in a graph becomes
+# larger than this value, doxygen will truncate the graph, which is visualized
+# by representing a node as a red box. Note that doxygen if the number of direct
+# children of the root node in a graph is already larger than
+# DOT_GRAPH_MAX_NODES then the graph will not be shown at all. Also note that
+# the size of a graph can be further restricted by MAX_DOT_GRAPH_DEPTH.
+# Minimum value: 0, maximum value: 10000, default value: 50.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+DOT_GRAPH_MAX_NODES    = 50
+
+# The MAX_DOT_GRAPH_DEPTH tag can be used to set the maximum depth of the graphs
+# generated by dot. A depth value of 3 means that only nodes reachable from the
+# root by following a path via at most 3 edges will be shown. Nodes that lay
+# further from the root node will be omitted. Note that setting this option to 1
+# or 2 may greatly reduce the computation time needed for large code bases. Also
+# note that the size of a graph can be further restricted by
+# DOT_GRAPH_MAX_NODES. Using a depth of 0 means no depth restriction.
+# Minimum value: 0, maximum value: 1000, default value: 0.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+MAX_DOT_GRAPH_DEPTH    = 0
+
+# Set the DOT_TRANSPARENT tag to YES to generate images with a transparent
+# background. This is disabled by default, because dot on Windows does not seem
+# to support this out of the box.
+#
+# Warning: Depending on the platform used, enabling this option may lead to
+# badly anti-aliased labels on the edges of a graph (i.e. they become hard to
+# read).
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+DOT_TRANSPARENT        = NO
+
+# Set the DOT_MULTI_TARGETS tag to YES to allow dot to generate multiple output
+# files in one run (i.e. multiple -o and -T options on the command line). This
+# makes dot run faster, but since only newer versions of dot (>1.8.10) support
+# this, this feature is disabled by default.
+# The default value is: NO.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+DOT_MULTI_TARGETS      = NO
+
+# If the GENERATE_LEGEND tag is set to YES doxygen will generate a legend page
+# explaining the meaning of the various boxes and arrows in the dot generated
+# graphs.
+# The default value is: YES.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+GENERATE_LEGEND        = YES
+
+# If the DOT_CLEANUP tag is set to YES, doxygen will remove the intermediate dot
+# files that are used to generate the various graphs.
+# The default value is: YES.
+# This tag requires that the tag HAVE_DOT is set to YES.
+
+DOT_CLEANUP            = YES
+
diff --git a/stim/LICENSE.txt b/stim/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de206bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+Copyright (c) 2009, David Mayerich
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+The views and conclusions contained in the software and documentation are those
+of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies,
+either expressed or implied, of the FreeBSD Project.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/biology/fibernet.h b/stim/biology/fibernet.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/biology/fibernet.h
diff --git a/stim/cuda/callable.h b/stim/cuda/callable.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eefc437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/cuda/callable.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#ifndef CUDA_CALLABLE
+
+//define the CUDA_CALLABLE macro (will prefix all members)
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+#define CUDA_CALLABLE __host__ __device__
+#else
+#define CUDA_CALLABLE
+#endif
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/cuda/cost.h b/stim/cuda/cost.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db5b7c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/cuda/cost.h
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <cuda.h>
+#include <cuda_runtime.h>
+#include <cublas_v2.h>
+#include "cuPrintf.cu"
+#include "cuPrintf.cuh"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "../visualization/colormap.h"
+
+#define DIM_Y 10890
+#define DIM_X 20
+typedef unsigned char uchar;
+//surface<void, 2> texOut; ///// maybe just do a normal array instead of a surface.
+		//we may not need a surface at all.
+//texture<float, cudaTextureType2D, cudaReadModeElementType> texTemplate 
+texture<uchar, cudaTextureType2D, cudaReadModeElementType> texIn;
+float *result;
+float* v_dif;
+cudaArray* srcArray;
+bool testing = false;
+
+inline void checkCUDAerrors(const char *msg)
+{
+	cudaError_t err = cudaGetLastError();
+	if (cudaSuccess != err){
+		fprintf(stderr, "Cuda error: %s: %s.\n", msg, cudaGetErrorString(err) );
+		exit(1);
+		}
+}
+
+
+float get_sum(float *diff)
+{
+
+	cublasStatus_t ret;
+	cublasHandle_t handle;
+	ret = cublasCreate(&handle);
+	
+	ret = cublasSetVector(20*10, sizeof(*diff), diff, 1, v_dif, 1);
+	if(!testing){
+		stim::gpu2image<float>(v_dif, "sample0.bmp", 20,10,0,1);
+		testing = true;
+	}	//float* out = (float*) malloc(sizeof(float));
+	float out;
+	ret = cublasSasum(handle, 20*10, v_dif, 1, &out);
+	cublasDestroy(handle);
+	return out;
+}
+
+__device__ float Template(int x)
+{
+	if(x < 20/6 || x > 20*5/6 || (x > 20*2/6 && x < 20*4/6)){
+		return 1.0;
+	}else{
+		return 0.0;
+	}
+
+}
+
+__global__
+void get_diff (float *result)
+{	
+	//cuPrintf("Hello");
+	int x 	= threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;
+	int y 	= threadIdx.y + blockIdx.y * blockDim.y;
+	int idx = y*DIM_X+x;	
+
+	//float valIn		= tex2D(texIn, x, y);
+	float valIn		= tex2D(texIn, x, y)/255.0;
+	float valTemp		= Template(x);
+	result[idx] 		= abs(valIn-valTemp);
+	//result[idx] 		= abs(valTemp);
+//	#if __CUDA_ARCH__>=200
+//		printf("Value is : %f\n and the result is : %f\n", valIn, result[idx]);
+//	#endif
+	//cuPrintf("Value is : %f\n and the result is : %f\n", valIn, result[idx]);
+}
+
+
+
+
+void initArray(cudaGraphicsResource_t src)
+{
+	//cudaChannelFormatDesc channelDesc = cudaCreateChannelDesc<uchar> ();
+	//cudaMallocArray(&result, &channelDesc, DIM_X, DIM_Y, 0);
+	//HANDLE_ERROR(
+	//	cudaGraphicsGLRegisterImage(&src,
+	//		fboID,
+	//		GL_TEXTURE_2D,
+	HANDLE_ERROR(
+		cudaGraphicsMapResources(1, &src)	
+	);
+	HANDLE_ERROR(
+		cudaGraphicsSubResourceGetMappedArray(&srcArray, src,0,0)
+		);
+	HANDLE_ERROR(
+		cudaBindTextureToArray(texIn, srcArray)
+		);
+	cudaMalloc( (void**) &result, DIM_X*DIM_Y*sizeof(float));
+        checkCUDAerrors("Memory Allocation Issue 1");	
+	cudaMalloc((void **) &v_dif, 20*10*sizeof(float));
+        checkCUDAerrors("Memory Allocation Issue 2");	
+	//HANDLE_ERROR(
+	//	cudaBindTextureToArray(texIn, ptr, &channelDesc)
+	//	    );		
+}
+
+void cleanUP(cudaGraphicsResource_t src)
+{
+	HANDLE_ERROR(
+		cudaUnbindTexture(texIn)
+	);
+	HANDLE_ERROR(
+		cudaFree(result)
+	);
+	HANDLE_ERROR(
+		cudaGraphicsUnmapResources(1,&src)
+	);
+	HANDLE_ERROR(
+		cudaFree(v_dif)
+	);
+}
+
+extern "C"
+int get_cost(cudaGraphicsResource_t src)
+{
+	float output[1089];
+	float mini = 10000000000000000.0;
+	int idx;
+	initArray(src);
+	dim3 grid(20, 10890);
+	dim3 block(1, 1);
+	//texIn.normalized = 1;	
+	get_diff <<< grid, block >>> (result);
+	stim::gpu2image<float>(result, "test.bmp", 20,10890,0,1);
+	for (int i = 0; i < 1089; i++){
+		output[i] = get_sum(result+(20*10*i));
+		if(output[i] < mini){
+			mini = output[i];
+			idx = i;
+		}	
+	}
+	std::cout << output[0] << std::endl;
+	std::cout << output[100] << std::endl;
+	std::cout << output[500] << std::endl;
+	std::cout << output[1000] << std::endl;
+	std::cout << idx << std::endl;
+	cleanUP(src);
+	return idx;
+}
diff --git a/stim/cuda/devices.h b/stim/cuda/devices.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4dce378
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/cuda/devices.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#ifndef RTS_CUDA_DEVICES
+#define RTS_CUDA_DEVICES
+
+#include <cuda.h>
+
+namespace stim{
+
+int maxThreadsPerBlock()
+{
+	int device;
+	cudaGetDevice(&device);		//get the id of the current device
+	cudaDeviceProp props;		//device property structure
+	cudaGetDeviceProperties(&props, device);
+	return props.maxThreadsPerBlock;
+}
+}	//end namespace rts
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/cuda/error.h b/stim/cuda/error.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b49cf4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/cuda/error.h
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+#include "cuda_runtime.h"
+#include "device_launch_parameters.h"
+#include "cufft.h"
+
+#ifndef CUDA_HANDLE_ERROR_H
+#define CUDA_HANDLE_ERROR_H
+
+//handle error macro
+static void HandleError( cudaError_t err, const char *file,  int line ) {
+   	if (err != cudaSuccess) {
+			//FILE* outfile = fopen("cudaErrorLog.txt", "w");
+      		//fprintf(outfile,  "%s in %s at line %d\n", cudaGetErrorString( err ),  file, line );
+			//fclose(outfile);
+            printf("%s in %s at line %d\n", cudaGetErrorString( err ),  file, line );
+       		//exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+
+   	}
+}
+#define HANDLE_ERROR( err ) (HandleError( err, __FILE__, __LINE__ ))
+
+static void CufftError( cufftResult err )
+{
+    if (err != CUFFT_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        if(err == CUFFT_INVALID_PLAN)
+            cout<<"The plan parameter is not a valid handle."<<endl;
+        else if(err == CUFFT_ALLOC_FAILED)
+            cout<<"Allocation failed."<<endl;
+        else if(err == CUFFT_INVALID_VALUE)
+            cout<<"At least one of the parameters idata, odata, and direction is not valid."<<endl;
+        else if(err == CUFFT_INTERNAL_ERROR)
+            cout<<"An internal driver error was detected."<<endl;
+        else if(err == CUFFT_EXEC_FAILED)
+            cout<<"CUFFT failed to execute the transform on the GPU."<<endl;
+        else if(err == CUFFT_SETUP_FAILED)
+            cout<<"The CUFFT library failed to initialize."<<endl;
+        else
+            cout<<"Unknown error: "<<err<<endl;
+
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/cuda/glbind.h b/stim/cuda/glbind.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd841cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/cuda/glbind.h
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#ifndef RTS_GL_BIND_H
+#define RTS_GL_BIND_H
+
+#include <GL/glew.h>
+#include <GL/gl.h>
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <cstring>
+
+//#include <cudaHandleError.h>
+#include "cuda_gl_interop.h"
+#include "../gl/error.h"
+
+namespace stim
+{
+
+static void InitGLEW()
+{
+	//Initialize the GLEW toolkit
+
+	GLenum err = glewInit();
+	if(GLEW_OK != err)
+	{
+		printf("Error starting GLEW.");
+	}
+	fprintf(stdout, "Status: Using GLEW %s\n", glewGetString(GLEW_VERSION));
+}
+
+static void cudaSetDevice(int major = 1, int minor = 3)
+{
+	cudaDeviceProp prop;
+	int dev;
+
+	//find a CUDA device that can handle an offscreen buffer
+	int num_gpu;
+	HANDLE_ERROR(cudaGetDeviceCount(&num_gpu));
+	printf("Number of CUDA devices detected: %d\n", num_gpu);
+	memset(&prop, 0, sizeof(cudaDeviceProp));
+	prop.major=major;
+	prop.minor=minor;
+	HANDLE_ERROR(cudaChooseDevice(&dev, &prop));
+	HANDLE_ERROR(cudaGetDeviceProperties(&prop, dev));
+	HANDLE_ERROR(cudaGLSetGLDevice(dev));
+}
+
+static void* cudaMapResource(cudaGraphicsResource* cudaBufferResource)
+{
+	//this function takes a predefined CUDA resource and maps it to a pointer
+	void* buffer;
+	HANDLE_ERROR(cudaGraphicsMapResources(1, &cudaBufferResource, NULL));
+	size_t size;
+	HANDLE_ERROR(cudaGraphicsResourceGetMappedPointer( (void**)&buffer, &size, cudaBufferResource));
+	return buffer;
+}
+static void cudaUnmapResource(cudaGraphicsResource* resource)
+{
+	//this function unmaps the CUDA resource so it can be used by OpenGL
+	HANDLE_ERROR(cudaGraphicsUnmapResources(1, &resource, NULL));
+}
+
+static void cudaCreateRenderBuffer(GLuint &glBufferName, cudaGraphicsResource* &cudaBufferResource, int resX, int resY)
+{
+	//delete the previous buffer name and resource
+	if(cudaBufferResource != 0)
+		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaGraphicsUnregisterResource(cudaBufferResource));
+	if(glBufferName != 0)
+		glDeleteBuffers(1, &glBufferName);
+
+	//generate an OpenGL offscreen buffer
+	glGenBuffers(1, &glBufferName);
+
+	//bind the buffer - directs all calls to this buffer
+	glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, glBufferName);
+	glBufferData(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, resX * resY * sizeof(uchar3), NULL, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW_ARB);
+	CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+	HANDLE_ERROR(cudaGraphicsGLRegisterBuffer(&cudaBufferResource, glBufferName, cudaGraphicsMapFlagsNone));
+}
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/cuda/threads.h b/stim/cuda/threads.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87c443e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/cuda/threads.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#include "cuda_runtime.h"
+#include "device_launch_parameters.h"
+#include "../cuda/callable.h"
+
+#ifndef CUDA_THREADS_H
+#define CUDA_THREADS_H
+
+#define MAX_GRID        65535
+
+__device__ unsigned int ThreadIndex1D()
+{
+    return blockIdx.y * gridDim.x * blockDim.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+}
+
+dim3 GenGrid1D(unsigned int N, unsigned int blocksize = 128)
+{
+    dim3 dimgrid;
+
+    dimgrid.x = (N + blocksize - 1)/blocksize;
+    dimgrid.y = 1;
+    dimgrid.z = 1;
+
+    if(dimgrid.x > MAX_GRID)
+    {
+        dimgrid.y = (dimgrid.x + MAX_GRID - 1) / MAX_GRID;
+        dimgrid.x = MAX_GRID;
+    }
+
+    return dimgrid;
+
+}
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/cuda/timer.h b/stim/cuda/timer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd2786d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/cuda/timer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+static cudaEvent_t tStartEvent;
+static cudaEvent_t tStopEvent;
+
+static void gpuStartTimer()
+{
+	//set up timing events
+	cudaEventCreate(&tStartEvent);
+	cudaEventCreate(&tStopEvent);
+	cudaEventRecord(tStartEvent, 0);
+}
+
+static float gpuStopTimer()
+{
+	cudaEventRecord(tStopEvent, 0);
+	cudaEventSynchronize(tStopEvent);
+	float elapsedTime;
+	cudaEventElapsedTime(&elapsedTime, tStartEvent, tStopEvent);
+	cudaEventDestroy(tStartEvent);
+	cudaEventDestroy(tStopEvent);
+	return elapsedTime;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/envi/bil.h b/stim/envi/bil.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a770292
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/envi/bil.h
@@ -0,0 +1,992 @@
+#ifndef STIM_BIL_H
+#define STIM_BIL_H
+
+#include "../envi/envi_header.h"
+#include "../envi/binary.h"
+#include <cstring>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace stim{
+
+/**
+	The BIL class represents a 3-dimensional binary file stored using band interleaved by line (BIL) image encoding. The binary file is stored
+	such that X-Z "frames" are stored sequentially to form an image stack along the y-axis. When accessing the data sequentially on disk,
+	the dimensions read, from fastest to slowest, are X, Z, Y.
+
+	This class is optimized for data streaming, and therefore supports extremely large (terabyte-scale) files. Data is loaded from disk
+	on request. Functions used to access data are written to support efficient reading.
+*/
+
+template <typename T>
+
+class bil: public binary<T> {
+
+protected:
+	
+	std::vector<double> w;		//band wavelength
+
+public:
+
+	using binary<T>::open;
+	using binary<T>::file;
+	using binary<T>::R;
+
+	/// Open a data file for reading using the class interface.
+
+	/// @param filename is the name of the binary file on disk
+	/// @param X is the number of samples along dimension 1
+	/// @param Y is the number of samples (lines) along dimension 2
+	/// @param B is the number of samples (bands) along dimension 3
+	/// @param header_offset is the number of bytes (if any) in the binary header
+	/// @param wavelengths is an optional STL vector of size B specifying a numerical label for each band
+	bool open(std::string filename, unsigned int X, unsigned int Y, unsigned int B, unsigned int header_offset, std::vector<double> wavelengths){
+
+		w = wavelengths;
+
+		return open(filename, vec<unsigned int>(X, Y, B), header_offset);
+
+	}
+
+	/// Retrieve a single band (based on index) and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to an allocated region of memory at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
+	/// @param page <= B is the integer number of the band to be copied.
+	bool band_index( T * p, unsigned int page){
+
+		unsigned int L = R[0] * sizeof(T);		//caculate the number of bytes in a sample line
+		unsigned int jump = R[0] * (R[2] - 1) * sizeof(T);
+
+		if (page >= R[2]){										//make sure the bank number is right
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: page out of range"<<std::endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		file.seekg(R[0] * page * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
+		for (unsigned i = 0; i < R[1]; i++)
+		{
+			file.read((char *)(p + i * R[0]), L);
+			file.seekg( jump, std::ios::cur);
+		}
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Retrieve a single band (by numerical label) and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to an allocated region of memory at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
+	/// @param wavelength is a floating point value (usually a wavelength in spectral data) used as a label for the band to be copied.
+	bool band( T * p, double wavelength){
+
+		//if there are no wavelengths in the BSQ file
+		if(w.size() == 0)
+			return band_index(p, (unsigned int)wavelength);
+
+		unsigned int XY = R[0] * R[1];	//calculate the number of pixels in a band
+		unsigned int S = XY * sizeof(T);		//calculate the number of bytes of a band
+
+		unsigned page=0;                      //bands around the wavelength
+		
+
+		//get the bands numbers around the wavelength
+
+		//if wavelength is smaller than the first one in header file
+		if ( w[page] > wavelength ){
+			band_index(p, page);
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		while( w[page] < wavelength )
+		{
+			page++;
+			//if wavelength is larger than the last wavelength in header file
+			if (page == R[2]) {
+				band_index(p, R[2]-1);
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		if ( wavelength < w[page] )
+		{
+			T * p1;
+			T * p2;
+			p1=(T*)malloc(S);                     //memory allocation
+			p2=(T*)malloc(S);
+			band_index(p1, page - 1);
+			band_index(p2, page );
+			for(unsigned i=0; i < XY; i++){
+				double r = (double) (wavelength - w[page-1]) / (double) (w[page] - w[page-1]);
+				p[i] = (p2[i] - p1[i]) * r + p1[i];
+			}
+			free(p1);
+			free(p2);
+		}
+		else                           //if the wavelength is equal to a wavelength in header file
+		{
+			band_index(p, page);
+		}
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	//get YZ line from the a Y slice, Y slice data should be already IN the MEMORY
+	bool getYZ(T* p, T* c, double wavelength)
+	{
+		unsigned int X = R[0];	//calculate the number of pixels in a sample
+		unsigned int B = R[2];
+		unsigned int L = X * sizeof(T);
+
+		unsigned page=0;                      //samples around the wavelength
+		T * p1;
+		T * p2;
+
+		//get the bands numbers around the wavelength
+
+		//if wavelength is smaller than the first one in header file
+		if ( w[page] > wavelength ){
+			memcpy(p, c, L);	
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		while( w[page] < wavelength )
+		{
+			page++;
+			//if wavelength is larger than the last wavelength in header file
+			if (page == B) {
+				memcpy(p, c + (B - 1) * X, L);
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		if ( wavelength < w[page] )
+		{
+			p1=(T*)malloc( L );                     //memory allocation
+			p2=(T*)malloc( L );
+
+			memcpy(p1, c + (page - 1) * X, L);
+			memcpy(p2, c + page * X, L);
+			
+			for(unsigned i=0; i < X; i++){
+				double r = (double) (wavelength - w[page-1]) / (double) (w[page] - w[page-1]);
+				p[i] = (p2[i] - p1[i]) * r + p1[i];
+			}
+		}
+		else                           //if the wavelength is equal to a wavelength in header file		
+			memcpy(p, c + page * X, L);
+		
+		return true;		
+	}
+
+	/// Retrieve a single spectrum (B-axis line) at a given (x, y) location and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory at least B * sizeof(T) in size.
+	/// @param x is the x-coordinate (dimension 1) of the spectrum.
+	/// @param y is the y-coordinate (dimension 2) of the spectrum.
+	bool spectrum(T * p, unsigned x, unsigned y){
+
+		if ( x >= R[0] || y >= R[1]){							//make sure the sample and line number is right
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: sample or line out of range"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		unsigned jump = (R[0] - 1) * sizeof(T);
+
+		file.seekg((y * R[0] * R[2] + x) * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
+
+		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[2]; i++)
+		{       
+			//point to the certain sample and line		
+			file.read((char *)(p + i), sizeof(T));
+			file.seekg(jump, std::ios::cur);  
+		}	
+
+		return true;	
+	}
+
+	/// Retrieve a single pixel and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory at least sizeof(T) in size.
+	/// @param n is an integer index to the pixel using linear array indexing.
+	bool pixel(T * p, unsigned n){
+
+		//calculate the corresponding x, y
+		unsigned int x = n % R[0];
+		unsigned int y = n / R[0];
+
+		//get the pixel
+		return spectrum(p, x, y);
+	}
+	
+	//given a Y ,return a XZ slice
+	bool getY(T * p, unsigned y)
+	{
+		if ( y >= R[1]){							//make sure the line number is right
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: line out of range"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}	
+		
+		file.seekg(y * R[2] * R[0] * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
+		file.read((char *)p, sizeof(T) * R[2] * R[0]);
+		
+		return true;
+		
+	}
+		
+	/// Perform baseline correction given a list of baseline points and stores the result in a new BSQ file.
+
+	/// @param outname is the name of the output file used to store the resulting baseline-corrected data.
+	/// @param wls is the list of baseline points based on band labels.
+	bool baseline(std::string outname, std::vector<double> wls){
+	
+		unsigned N = wls.size();			//get the number of baseline points
+		
+		std::ofstream target(outname.c_str(), std::ios::binary);	//open the target binary file
+		std::string headername = outname + ".hdr";              //the header file name		
+		
+		//simplify image resolution
+		unsigned int ZX = R[2] * R[0];		//calculate the number of points in a Y slice
+		unsigned int L = ZX * sizeof(T);			//calculate the number of bytes of a Y slice
+		unsigned int B = R[2];
+		unsigned int X = R[0];
+		
+		T* c;			//pointer to the current Y slice
+		c = (T*)malloc(L);  //memory allocation
+		
+		T* a;			//pointer to the two YZ lines surrounding the current YZ line
+		T* b;
+		
+		a = (T*)malloc(X * sizeof(T));
+		b = (T*)malloc(X * sizeof(T));
+
+
+		double ai, bi;	//stores the two baseline points wavelength surrounding the current band
+		double ci;		//stores the current band's wavelength
+		unsigned control;
+
+		if (a == NULL || b == NULL || c == NULL){
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: error allocating memory";
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	//	loop start	correct every y slice
+		
+		for (unsigned k =0; k < R[1]; k++)
+		{
+			//get the current y slice
+			getY(c, k);
+		
+			//initialize lownum, highnum, low, high		
+			ai = w[0];
+			control=0;
+			//if no baseline point is specified at band 0,
+			//set the baseline point at band 0 to 0
+			if(wls[0] != w[0]){
+				bi = wls[control];			
+				memset(a, (char)0, X * sizeof(T) );
+			}
+			//else get the low band
+			else{
+				control++;
+				getYZ(a, c, ai);
+				bi = wls[control];
+			}
+			//get the high band
+			getYZ(b, c, bi);
+		
+			//correct every YZ line
+			
+			for(unsigned cii = 0; cii < B; cii++){
+
+				//update baseline points, if necessary
+				if( w[cii] >= bi && cii != B - 1) {
+					//if the high band is now on the last BL point
+					if (control != N-1) {
+	
+						control++;		//increment the index
+	
+						std::swap(a, b);	//swap the baseline band pointers
+	
+						ai = bi;
+						bi = wls[control];
+						getYZ(b, c, bi);
+	
+					}
+					//if the last BL point on the last band of the file?
+					else if ( wls[control] < w[B - 1]) {
+	
+						std::swap(a, b);	//swap the baseline band pointers
+	
+						memset(b, (char)0, X * sizeof(T) );	//clear the high band
+	
+						ai = bi;
+						bi = w[B - 1];
+					}
+				}
+			
+				ci = w[cii];
+				
+				unsigned jump = cii * X;
+				//perform the baseline correction
+				for(unsigned i=0; i < X; i++)
+				{
+					double r = (double) (ci - ai) / (double) (bi - ai);
+					c[i + jump] =(T) ( c[i + jump] - (b[i] - a[i]) * r - a[i] );
+				}
+				
+			}//loop for YZ line end  
+			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(c), L);   //write the corrected data into destination	
+		}//loop for Y slice end		
+		
+		free(a);
+		free(b);
+		free(c);
+		target.close();
+		return true;	
+		
+	}
+		
+	/// Normalize all spectra based on the value of a single band, storing the result in a new BSQ file.
+
+	/// @param outname is the name of the output file used to store the resulting baseline-corrected data.
+	///	@param w is the label specifying the band that the hyperspectral image will be normalized to.
+	///	@param t is a threshold specified such that a spectrum with a value at w less than t is set to zero. Setting this threshold allows the user to limit division by extremely small numbers.
+	bool normalize(std::string outname, double w, double t = 0.0)
+	{
+		unsigned int B = R[2];		//calculate the number of bands
+		unsigned int Y = R[1];
+		unsigned int X = R[0];
+		unsigned int ZX = R[2] * R[0];
+		unsigned int XY = R[0] * R[1];	//calculate the number of pixels in a band
+		unsigned int S = XY * sizeof(T);		//calculate the number of bytes in a band		
+		unsigned int L = ZX * sizeof(T);
+
+		std::ofstream target(outname.c_str(), std::ios::binary);	//open the target binary file
+		std::string headername = outname + ".hdr";              //the header file name
+
+		T * c;				//pointer to the current ZX slice
+		T * b;				//pointer to the standard band
+
+		b = (T*)malloc( S );     //memory allocation
+		c = (T*)malloc( L ); 
+
+		band(b, w);             //get the certain band into memory
+
+		for(unsigned j = 0; j < Y; j++)
+		{
+			getY(c, j);
+			for(unsigned i = 0; i < B; i++)
+			{
+				for(unsigned m = 0; m < X; m++)
+				{
+					if( b[m + j * X] < t )
+						c[m + i * X] = (T)0.0;
+					else
+						c[m + i * X] = c[m + i * X] / b[m + j * X];
+				}								
+			}
+			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(c), L);   //write normalized data into destination
+		}
+		
+		free(b);
+		free(c);
+		target.close();
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	/// Convert the current BIL file to a BSQ file with the specified file name.
+
+	/// @param outname is the name of the output BSQ file to be saved to disk.
+	bool bsq(std::string outname)
+	{
+		unsigned int S = R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T);		//calculate the number of bytes in a band
+		
+		std::ofstream target(outname.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
+		std::string headername = outname + ".hdr";
+		
+		T * p;			//pointer to the current band
+		p = (T*)malloc(S);
+		
+		for ( unsigned i = 0; i < R[2]; i++)
+		{			
+				band_index(p, i);
+				target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(p), S);   //write a band data into target file	
+		}
+
+		free(p);
+		target.close();
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Convert the current BIL file to a BIP file with the specified file name.
+
+	/// @param outname is the name of the output BIP file to be saved to disk.
+	bool bip(std::string outname)
+	{
+		unsigned int S = R[0] * R[2] * sizeof(T);		//calculate the number of bytes in a ZX slice
+		
+		std::ofstream target(outname.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
+		std::string headername = outname + ".hdr";
+		
+		T * p;			//pointer to the current XZ slice for bil file
+		p = (T*)malloc(S);
+		T * q;			//pointer to the current ZX slice for bip file
+		q = (T*)malloc(S);
+		
+		for ( unsigned i = 0; i < R[1]; i++)
+		{			
+			getY(p, i);
+			for ( unsigned k = 0; k < R[2]; k++)
+			{
+				unsigned ks = k * R[0];
+				for ( unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++)
+					q[k + j * R[2]] = p[ks + j];
+			}
+			
+			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(q), S);   //write a band data into target file	
+		}
+
+
+		free(p);
+		free(q);
+		target.close();
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/// Return a baseline corrected band given two adjacent baseline points and their bands. The result is stored in a pre-allocated array.
+
+	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
+	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
+	/// @param lp is a pointer to an array holding the band image for the left baseline point
+	/// @param rp is a pointer to an array holding the band image for the right baseline point
+	/// @param wavelength is the label value for the requested baseline-corrected band
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
+	bool baseline_band(double lb, double rb, T* lp, T* rp, double wavelength, T* result){
+
+		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
+		band(result, wavelength);		//get band
+
+		//perform the baseline correction
+		double r = (double) (wavelength - lb) / (double) (rb - lb);
+		for(unsigned i=0; i < XY; i++){
+			result[i] =(T) (result[i] - (rp[i] - lp[i]) * r - lp[i] );
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Return a baseline corrected band given two adjacent baseline points. The result is stored in a pre-allocated array.
+
+	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
+	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
+	/// @param bandwavelength is the label value for the desired baseline-corrected band
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
+	bool height(double lb, double rb, double bandwavelength, T* result){
+
+		T* lp;
+		T* rp;
+		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
+		unsigned S = XY * sizeof(T);
+		lp = (T*) malloc(S);			//memory allocation
+		rp = (T*) malloc(S);
+
+		band(lp, lb);
+		band(rp, rb);		
+
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, bandwavelength, result);
+
+		free(lp);
+		free(rp);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/// Calculate the area under the spectrum between two specified points and stores the result in a pre-allocated array.
+
+	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
+	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
+	/// @param lab is the label value for the left bound (start of the integration)
+	/// @param rab is the label value for the right bound (end of the integration)
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
+	bool area(double lb, double rb, double lab, double rab, T* result){
+
+		T* lp;	//left band pointer
+		T* rp;	//right band pointer
+		T* cur;		//current band 1
+		T* cur2;	//current band 2
+
+		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
+		unsigned S = XY * sizeof(T);
+
+		lp = (T*) malloc(S);			//memory allocation
+		rp = (T*) malloc(S);
+		cur = (T*) malloc(S);
+		cur2 = (T*) malloc(S);
+
+		memset(result, (char)0, S);
+
+		//find the wavelenght position in the whole band
+		unsigned int n = w.size();
+		unsigned int ai = 0;		//left bound position
+		unsigned int bi = n - 1;		//right bound position
+
+
+
+		//to make sure the left and the right bound are in the bandwidth
+		if (lb < w[0] || rb < w[0] || lb > w[n-1] || rb >w[n-1]){
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: left bound or right bound out of bandwidth"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		//to make sure rigth bound is bigger than left bound
+		else if(lb > rb){
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: right bound should be bigger than left bound"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		//get the position of lb and rb
+		while (lab >= w[ai]){
+			ai++;
+		}
+		while (rab <= w[bi]){
+			bi--;
+		}
+
+		band(lp, lb);
+		band(rp, rb);
+
+		//calculate the beginning and the ending part
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, rab, cur2);		//ending part
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[bi], cur);
+		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){
+			result[j] += (rab - w[bi]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 2.0;
+		}
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, lab, cur2);		//beginnning part
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur);
+		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){	
+			result[j] += (w[ai] - lab) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 2.0;
+		}
+
+		//calculate the area
+		ai++;
+		for(unsigned i = ai; i <= bi ;i++)
+		{
+			baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur2);
+			for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++)
+			{
+				result[j] += (w[ai] - w[ai-1]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 2.0; 
+			}
+			std::swap(cur,cur2);		//swap the band pointers
+		}
+
+		free(lp);
+		free(rp);
+		free(cur);
+		free(cur2);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Compute the ratio of two baseline-corrected peaks. The result is stored in a pre-allocated array.
+
+	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param pos1 is the label value for the first peak (numerator) position
+	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param pos2 is the label value for the second peak (denominator) position
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
+	bool ph_to_ph(double lb1, double rb1, double pos1, double lb2, double rb2, double pos2, T * result){
+
+		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		
+		//get the two peak band
+		height(lb1, rb1, pos1, p1);
+		height(lb2, rb2, pos2, p2);
+		//calculate the ratio in result
+		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
+			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
+				result[i] = 1;
+			else
+				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
+		}
+
+		free(p1);
+		free(p2);
+		return true;	
+	}
+	
+	/// Compute the ratio between a peak area and peak height.
+
+	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param pos1 is the label value for the first peak (numerator) position
+	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param pos2 is the label value for the second peak (denominator) position
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
+	bool pa_to_ph(double lb1, double rb1, double lab1, double rab1,
+					double lb2, double rb2, double pos, T* result){
+		
+		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		
+		//get the area and the peak band
+		area(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, p1);
+		height(lb2, rb2, pos, p2);
+		//calculate the ratio in result
+		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
+			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
+				result[i] = 1;
+			else
+				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
+		}
+
+		free(p1);
+		free(p2);
+		return true;	
+	}		
+	
+	/// Compute the ratio between two peak areas.
+
+	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param lab1 is the label value for the left bound (start of the integration) of the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param rab1 is the label value for the right bound (end of the integration) of the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param lab2 is the label value for the left bound (start of the integration) of the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param rab2 is the label value for the right bound (end of the integration) of the second peak (denominator)	
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
+	bool pa_to_pa(double lb1, double rb1, double lab1, double rab1,
+					double lb2, double rb2, double lab2, double rab2, T* result){
+		
+		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		
+		//get the area and the peak band
+		area(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, p1);
+		area(lb2, rb2, lab2, rab2, p2);
+		//calculate the ratio in result
+		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
+			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
+				result[i] = 1;
+			else
+				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
+		}
+
+		free(p1);
+		free(p2);
+		return true;	
+	}		
+
+	/// Compute the definite integral of a baseline corrected peak.
+
+	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
+	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
+	/// @param lab is the label for the start of the definite integral
+	/// @param rab is the label for the end of the definite integral
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
+	bool x_area(double lb, double rb, double lab, double rab, T* result){
+		T* lp;	//left band pointer
+		T* rp;	//right band pointer
+		T* cur;		//current band 1
+		T* cur2;	//current band 2
+
+		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
+		unsigned S = XY * sizeof(T);
+
+		lp = (T*) malloc(S);			//memory allocation
+		rp = (T*) malloc(S);
+		cur = (T*) malloc(S);
+		cur2 = (T*) malloc(S);
+
+		memset(result, (char)0, S);
+
+		//find the wavelenght position in the whole band
+		unsigned int n = w.size();
+		unsigned int ai = 0;		//left bound position
+		unsigned int bi = n - 1;		//right bound position
+
+		//to make sure the left and the right bound are in the bandwidth
+		if (lb < w[0] || rb < w[0] || lb > w[n-1] || rb >w[n-1]){
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: left bound or right bound out of bandwidth"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		//to make sure rigth bound is bigger than left bound
+		else if(lb > rb){
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: right bound should be bigger than left bound"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		//get the position of lb and rb
+		while (lab >= w[ai]){
+			ai++;
+		}
+		while (rab <= w[bi]){
+			bi--;
+		}
+
+		band(lp, lb);
+		band(rp, rb);
+
+		//calculate the beginning and the ending part
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, rab, cur2);		//ending part
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[bi], cur);
+		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){
+			result[j] += (rab - w[bi]) * (rab + w[bi]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 4.0;
+		}
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, lab, cur2);		//beginnning part
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur);
+		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){	
+			result[j] += (w[ai] - lab) * (w[ai] + lab) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 4.0;
+		}
+
+		//calculate f(x) times x
+		ai++;
+		for(unsigned i = ai; i <= bi ;i++)
+		{
+			baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur2);
+			for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++)
+			{
+				result[j] += (w[ai] - w[ai-1]) * (w[ai] + w[ai-1]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 4.0; 
+			}
+			std::swap(cur,cur2);		//swap the band pointers
+		}
+
+		free(lp);
+		free(rp);
+		free(cur);
+		free(cur2);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Compute the centroid of a baseline corrected peak.
+
+	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
+	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
+	/// @param lab is the label for the start of the peak
+	/// @param rab is the label for the end of the peak
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
+	bool cpoint(double lb, double rb, double lab, double rab, T* result){
+		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		
+		//get the area and the peak band
+		x_area(lb, rb, lab, rab, p1);
+		area(lb, rb, lab, rab, p2);
+		//calculate the ratio in result
+		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
+			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
+				result[i] = 1;
+			else
+				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
+		}
+
+		free(p1);
+		free(p2);
+		return true;	
+	}
+
+	/// Create a mask based on a given band and threshold value.
+
+	/// All pixels in the
+	/// specified band greater than the threshold are true and all pixels less than the threshold are false.
+	/// @param mask_band is the band used to specify the mask
+	/// @param threshold is the threshold used to determine if the mask value is true or false
+	/// @param p is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y in size
+	bool build_mask(double mask_band, double threshold, unsigned char* p){
+
+		T* temp = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));		//allocate memory for the certain band
+		band(temp, mask_band);
+
+		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++) {
+				if (temp[i] < threshold)
+					p[i] = 0;
+				else
+					p[i] = 255;
+		}
+
+		free(temp);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Apply a mask file to the BSQ image, setting all values outside the mask to zero.
+
+	/// @param outfile is the name of the masked output file
+	/// @param p is a pointer to memory of size X * Y, where p(i) = 0 for pixels that will be set to zero.
+	bool apply_mask(std::string outfile, unsigned char* p){
+
+		std::ofstream target(outfile.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
+
+		unsigned XZ = R[0] * R[2];		//calculate number of a band
+		unsigned L = XZ * sizeof(T);
+
+		T * temp = (T*)malloc(L);
+
+		for (unsigned i = 0; i < R[1]; i++)
+		{
+			getY(temp, i);
+			for ( unsigned j = 0; j < R[2]; j++)
+			{
+				for (unsigned k = 0; k < R[0]; k++)
+				{
+				if(p[i * R[0] + k] == 0)
+					temp[j * R[0] + k] = 0;
+				else
+					continue;
+				}
+			}
+			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(temp), L);   //write a band data into target file	
+		}
+		target.close();
+		free(temp);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Calculate the mean band value (average along B) at each pixel location.
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to memory of size X * Y * sizeof(T) that will store the band averages.
+	bool band_avg(T* p){
+		unsigned long long XZ = R[0] * R[2];
+		T* temp = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * XZ);
+		T* line = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * R[0]);
+
+		for (unsigned i = 0; i < R[1]; i++){
+			getY(temp, i);
+			//initialize x-line
+			for (unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++){
+				line[j] = 0;
+			}
+			unsigned c = 0;
+			for (unsigned j = 0; j < R[2]; j++){
+				for (unsigned k = 0; k < R[0]; k++){
+					line[k] += temp[c] / (T)R[2];
+					c++;
+				}
+			}
+			for (unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++){
+				p[j + i * R[0]] = line[j];
+			}
+		}
+		free(temp);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Calculate the mean value for all masked (or valid) pixels in a band and returns the average spectrum
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory of size [B * sizeof(T)] that stores the mean spectrum
+	/// @param mask is a pointer to memory of size [X * Y] that stores the mask value at each pixel location
+	bool avg_band(T*p, unsigned char* mask){
+		unsigned long long XZ = R[0] * R[2];
+		unsigned long long XY = R[0] * R[1];
+		T* temp = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * XZ);
+		for (unsigned j = 0; j < R[2]; j++){
+			p[j] = 0;
+		}
+		//calculate vaild number in a band
+		unsigned count = 0;
+		for (unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){
+			if (mask[j] != 0){
+				count++;
+			}
+		}
+		for (unsigned k = 0; k < R[1]; k++){
+			getY(temp, k);
+			unsigned kx = k * R[0];
+			for (unsigned i = 0; i < R[0]; i++){
+				if (mask[kx + i] != 0){
+					for (unsigned j = 0; j < R[2]; j++){
+						p[j] += temp[j * R[0] + i] / (T)count;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		free(temp);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Calculate the covariance matrix for all masked pixels in the image.
+
+	/// @param co is a pointer to pre-allocated memory of size [B * B] that stores the resulting covariance matrix
+	/// @param avg is a pointer to memory of size B that stores the average spectrum
+	/// @param mask is a pointer to memory of size [X * Y] that stores the mask value at each pixel location
+	bool co_matrix(T* co, T* avg, unsigned char *mask){
+		//memory allocation
+		unsigned long long xy = R[0] * R[1];
+		unsigned int B = R[2];
+		T* temp = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * B);
+		//count vaild pixels in a band
+		unsigned count = 0;
+		for (unsigned j = 0; j < xy; j++){
+			if (mask[j] != 0){
+				count++;
+			}
+		}
+		//initialize correlation matrix
+		for (unsigned i = 0; i < B; i++){
+			for (unsigned k = 0; k < B; k++){
+				co[i * B + k] = 0;
+			}
+		}
+		//calculate correlation coefficient matrix
+		for (unsigned j = 0; j < xy; j++){
+			if (mask[j] != 0){
+				pixel(temp, j);
+				for (unsigned i = 0; i < B; i++){
+					for (unsigned k = i; k < B; k++){
+						co[i * B + k] += (temp[i] - avg[i]) * (temp[k] - avg[k]) / count;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		//because correlation matrix is symmetric
+		for (unsigned i = 0; i < B; i++){
+			for (unsigned k = i + 1; k < B; k++){
+				co[k * B + i] = co[i * B + k];
+			}
+		}
+
+		free(temp);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/// Crop a region of the image and save it to a new file.
+
+	/// @param outfile is the file name for the new cropped image
+	/// @param x0 is the lower-left x pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
+	/// @param y0 is the lower-left y pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
+	/// @param x1 is the upper-right x pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
+	/// @param y1 is the upper-right y pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
+	bool crop(std::string outfile, unsigned x0, unsigned y0, unsigned x1, unsigned y1){
+
+		//calculate the new number of samples and lines
+		unsigned long long sam = x1 - x0;		//samples
+		unsigned long long lin = y1 - y0;		//lines
+		unsigned long long L = sam * R[2] * sizeof(T);
+		//get specified band and save
+		T* temp = (T*)malloc(L);
+		std::ofstream out(outfile.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
+		unsigned long long jumpb = (R[0] - sam) * sizeof(T);		//jump pointer to the next band
+		//get start
+		file.seekg((y0 * R[0] * R[2] + x0) * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
+		for (unsigned i = 0; i < lin; i++)
+		{
+			for (unsigned j = 0; j < R[2]; j++)
+			{
+				file.read((char *)(temp + j * sam), sizeof(T) * sam);
+				file.seekg(jumpb, std::ios::cur);    //go to the next band	
+			}
+			out.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(temp), L);   //write slice data into target file	
+		}
+		free(temp);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/// Close the file.
+	bool close(){
+		file.close();
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	};
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/envi/binary.h b/stim/envi/binary.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..308e71d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/envi/binary.h
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+
+//make sure that this header file is only loaded once
+#ifndef RTS_BINARY_H
+#define RTS_BINARY_H
+
+#include "../envi/envi_header.h"
+#include "../math/vector.h"
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+namespace stim{
+
+/** This class manages the streaming of large multidimensional binary files.
+ *  Generally these are hyperspectral files with 2 spatial and 1 spectral dimension. However, this class supports
+ *  other dimensions via the template parameter D.
+ *
+ *  @param T is the data type used to store data to disk (generally float or double)
+ *  @param D is the dimension of the data (default 3)
+ */
+template< typename T, unsigned int D = 3 >
+class binary{
+
+protected:
+	std::fstream file;		//file stream used for reading and writing
+	std::string name;		//file name
+
+	unsigned long long int R[D];		//resolution
+	unsigned int header;	//header size (in bytes)
+	unsigned char* mask;	//pointer to a character array: 0 = background, 1 = foreground (or valid data)
+
+
+
+
+	/// Private initialization function used to set default parameters in the data structure.
+	void init(){
+		memset(R, 0, sizeof(unsigned int) * D);		//initialize the resolution to zero
+		header = 0;									//initialize the header size to zero
+		mask = NULL;
+	}
+
+	/// Private helper function that returns the size of the file on disk using system functions.
+	long long int get_file_size(){
+#ifdef _WIN32
+		struct _stat64 results;
+		if(_stat64(name.c_str(), &results) == 0)
+			return results.st_size;
+#else
+		struct stat results;
+		if(stat(name.c_str(), &results) == 0)
+			return results.st_size;
+#endif
+		else return 0;
+	}
+
+	/// Private helper function that tests to make sure that the calculated data size specified by the structure is the same as the data size on disk.
+	bool test_file_size(){
+		long long int npts = 1;				//initialize the number of data points to 1
+		for(unsigned int i = 0; i<D; i++)	//iterate over each dimension
+			npts *= R[i];					//compute the total number of data points in the file
+		long long int datasize = npts * sizeof(T);//multiply the sum by the size of the template parameter
+
+		if(datasize + header == get_file_size()) return true;	//if the byte size matches the file size, we're golden
+		else return false;					//otherwise return an error
+
+	}
+
+	/// Private helper file that opens a specified binary file.
+
+	/// @param filename is the name of the binary file to stream
+	bool open_file(std::string filename){
+		//open the file as binary for reading and writing
+		file.open(filename.c_str(), std::ios::in | std::ios::out | std::ios::binary);
+
+		//if the file is successful
+		if(file){
+			name = filename;		//set the name
+			if(test_file_size())	//test the file size
+				return true;
+		}
+		
+		return false;
+	}
+
+public:
+
+	/// Open a binary file for streaming.
+
+	/// @param filename is the name of the binary file
+	/// @param r is a STIM vector specifying the size of the binary file along each dimension
+	/// @param h is the length (in bytes) of any header file (default zero)
+	bool open(std::string filename, vec<unsigned int, D> r, unsigned int h = 0){
+
+		for(unsigned int i = 0; i < D; i++)		//set the dimensions of the binary file object
+			R[i] = r[i];
+
+		header = h;				//save the header size
+
+		if(!open_file(filename)) return false;	//open the binary file
+
+		return test_file_size();
+	}
+
+	/// Creates a new binary file for streaming
+
+	/// @param filename is the name of the binary file to be created
+	/// @param r is a STIM vector specifying the size of the file along each dimension
+	/// @offset specifies how many bytes to offset the file (used to leave room for a header)
+	bool create(std::string filename, vec<unsigned int, D> r, unsigned int offset = 0){
+
+		std::ofstream target(filename.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
+
+		//initialize binary file
+		T p = 0;
+		for(unsigned int i =0; i < r[0] * r[1] * r[2]; i++){
+			target.write((char*)(&p), sizeof(T));
+		}
+
+		for(unsigned int i = 0; i < D; i++)		//set the dimensions of the binary file object
+			R[i] = r[i];
+
+		header = offset;				//save the header size
+
+		if(!open_file(filename)) return false;	//open the binary file
+
+		return test_file_size();
+	}
+
+	/// Writes a single page of data to disk. A page consists of a sequence of data of size R[0] * R[1] * ... * R[D-1].
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to the data to be written
+	/// @param page is the page number (index of the highest-numbered dimension)
+	bool write_page( T * p, unsigned int page){
+
+		if(p == NULL){
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: unable to write into file, empty pointer"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		file.seekg(R[1] * R[0] * page * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);   //seek to the desired location on disk
+		file.write((char *)p, R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));				 //write binary data
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Reads a page from disk. A page consists of a sequence of data of size R[0] * R[1] * ... * R[D-1].
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory equal to the page size
+	/// @param page is the index of the page
+	bool read_page( T * p, unsigned int page){
+
+		if (page >= R[2]){										//make sure the bank number is right
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: page out of range"<<std::endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		file.seekg(R[1] * R[0] * page * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);   //write into memory from the binary file
+		file.read((char *)p, R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	//saves a hyperplane orthogonal to dimension d at intersection n
+	bool read_plane(T * dest, unsigned int d, unsigned int n){
+
+		//reset the file pointer back to the beginning of the file
+		file.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
+
+		//compute the contiguous size C for each readable block
+		unsigned int C = 1;
+		for(unsigned int i = 0; i < d; i++)		//for each dimension less than d
+			C *= R[i];							//compute the product
+
+		//compute the non-contiguous size NC for each readable block
+		unsigned int NC = 1;
+		for(unsigned int i = d + 1; i < D; i++)
+			NC *= R[i];
+
+		//for all noncontiguous blocks, read each contiguous block that makes up the hyper-plane
+		for(unsigned int nc = 0; nc < NC; nc++){
+			file.seekg(n * C * sizeof(T), std::ios::cur);	//skip n contiguous blocks
+			file.read( (char*)&dest[nc * C], C * sizeof(T));	//read one contiguous block
+			file.seekg( (R[d] - n - 1) * C * sizeof(T), std::ios::cur);	//skip R[d] - n contiguous blocks
+		}
+
+		return true;
+
+	}
+
+	//save one pixel of the file into the memory, and return the pointer
+	bool read_spectrum(T * p, unsigned x, unsigned y){
+
+		unsigned int i;
+
+		if ( x >= R[0] || y >= R[1]){							//make sure the sample and line number is right
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: sample or line out of range"<<std::endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		file.seekg((x + y * R[0]) * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);           //point to the certain sample and line
+		for (i = 0; i < R[2]; i++)
+		{
+			file.read((char *)(p + i), sizeof(T));
+			file.seekg((R[1] * R[0] - 1) * sizeof(T), std::ios::cur);    //go to the next band
+		}
+
+		return true;	
+	}
+
+
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/envi/bip.h b/stim/envi/bip.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..565f086
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/envi/bip.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1071 @@
+#ifndef STIM_BIP_H
+#define STIM_BIP_H
+
+#include "../envi/envi_header.h"
+#include "../envi/bil.h"
+#include "../envi/binary.h"
+#include <cstring>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace stim{
+
+/**
+	The BIP class represents a 3-dimensional binary file stored using band interleaved by pixel (BIP) image encoding. The binary file is stored
+	such that Z-X "frames" are stored sequentially to form an image stack along the y-axis. When accessing the data sequentially on disk,
+	the dimensions read, from fastest to slowest, are Z, X, Y.
+
+	This class is optimized for data streaming, and therefore supports extremely large (terabyte-scale) files. Data is loaded from disk
+	on request. Functions used to access data are written to support efficient reading.
+*/
+template <typename T>
+
+class bip: public binary<T> {
+
+protected:
+	
+	
+	std::vector<double> w; //band wavelength
+	unsigned int offset;		//header offset
+
+public:
+
+	using binary<T>::open;
+	using binary<T>::file;
+	using binary<T>::R;
+
+	/// Open a data file for reading using the class interface.
+
+	/// @param filename is the name of the binary file on disk
+	/// @param X is the number of samples along dimension 1
+	/// @param Y is the number of samples (lines) along dimension 2
+	/// @param B is the number of samples (bands) along dimension 3
+	/// @param header_offset is the number of bytes (if any) in the binary header
+	/// @param wavelengths is an optional STL vector of size B specifying a numerical label for each band
+	bool open(std::string filename, unsigned int X, unsigned int Y, unsigned int B, unsigned int header_offset, std::vector<double> wavelengths){
+
+		//copy the wavelengths to the BSQ file structure
+		w = wavelengths;
+		//copy the offset to the structure
+		offset = header_offset;
+
+		return open(filename, vec<unsigned int>(X, Y, B), header_offset);
+		
+	}
+
+	/// Retrieve a single band (based on index) and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to an allocated region of memory at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
+	/// @param page <= B is the integer number of the band to be copied.
+	bool band_index( T * p, unsigned int page){
+
+		if (page >= R[2]){										//make sure the bank number is right
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: page out of range"<<std::endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		//binary::getSlice(p, 0, page);         //I met some problems when I called this function?????
+		file.seekg(page * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
+		for (unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++)
+		{
+			file.read((char *)(p + i), sizeof(T));
+			file.seekg( (R[2] - 1) * sizeof(T), std::ios::cur);
+		}
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Retrieve a single band (by numerical label) and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to an allocated region of memory at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
+	/// @param wavelength is a floating point value (usually a wavelength in spectral data) used as a label for the band to be copied.
+	bool band( T * p, double wavelength){
+
+		//if there are no wavelengths in the BSQ file
+		if(w.size() == 0)
+			return band_index(p, (unsigned int)wavelength);
+
+		unsigned int XY = R[0] * R[1];	//calculate the number of pixels in a band
+
+		unsigned page=0;                      //bands around the wavelength
+
+
+		//get the bands numbers around the wavelength
+
+		//if wavelength is smaller than the first one in header file
+		if ( w[page] > wavelength ){
+			band_index(p, page);
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		while( w[page] < wavelength )
+		{
+			page++;
+			//if wavelength is larger than the last wavelength in header file
+			if (page == R[2]) {
+				band_index(p, R[2]-1);
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		if ( wavelength < w[page] )
+		{
+			T * p1;
+			T * p2;
+			p1=(T*)malloc( XY * sizeof(T));                     //memory allocation
+			p2=(T*)malloc( XY * sizeof(T));
+			band_index(p1, page - 1);
+			band_index(p2, page );
+			for(unsigned i=0; i < XY; i++){
+				double r = (double) (wavelength - w[page-1]) / (double) (w[page] - w[page-1]);
+				p[i] = (p2[i] - p1[i]) * r + p1[i];
+			}
+			free(p1);
+			free(p2);
+		}
+		else                           //if the wavelength is equal to a wavelength in header file
+		{
+			band_index(p, page);
+		}
+
+		return true;
+	}
+	//get YZ line from the a Y slice, Y slice data should be already IN the MEMORY
+	bool getYZ(T* p, T* c, double wavelength)
+	{
+		unsigned int X = R[0];	//calculate the number of pixels in a sample
+		unsigned int B = R[2];
+
+		unsigned page=0;                      //samples around the wavelength
+
+
+		//get the bands numbers around the wavelength
+
+		//if wavelength is smaller than the first one in header file
+		if ( w[page] > wavelength ){
+			for(unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++)
+			{
+				p[j] = c[j * B];
+			}		
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		while( w[page] < wavelength )
+		{
+			page++;
+			//if wavelength is larger than the last wavelength in header file
+			if (page == B) {
+				for(unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++)
+				{
+					p[j] = c[(j + 1) * B - 1];
+				}
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		if ( wavelength < w[page] )
+		{
+			T * p1;
+			T * p2;
+			p1=(T*)malloc( X * sizeof(T));                     //memory allocation
+			p2=(T*)malloc( X * sizeof(T));
+			//band_index(p1, page - 1);
+			for(unsigned j = 0; j < X; j++)
+			{
+				p1[j] = c[j * B + page - 1];
+			}
+			//band_index(p2, page );
+			for(unsigned j = 0; j < X; j++)
+			{
+				p2[j] = c[j * B + page];
+			}
+			
+			for(unsigned i=0; i < X; i++){
+				double r = (double) (wavelength - w[page-1]) / (double) (w[page] - w[page-1]);
+				p[i] = (p2[i] - p1[i]) * r + p1[i];
+			}
+			free(p1);
+			free(p2);
+		}
+		else                           //if the wavelength is equal to a wavelength in header file
+		{
+			//band_index(p, page);
+			for(unsigned j = 0; j < X; j++)
+			{
+				p[j] = c[j * B + page];
+			}
+		}
+
+		return true;		
+	}
+	//given a y and a wavelength, return the y-band data
+	//I do not use it right now, to accelerate the processing speed, I try to read a YZ whole slice into memory first, and then we can call "getYZ"
+	bool get_x_wavelength(T * p, unsigned y, double wavelength)
+	{
+		unsigned int X = R[0];	//calculate the number of pixels in a sample
+
+		unsigned page=0;                      //samples around the wavelength
+		T * p1;
+		T * p2;
+
+		//get the bands numbers around the wavelength
+
+		//if wavelength is smaller than the first one in header file
+		if ( w[page] > wavelength ){
+			file.seekg( y * R[2] * R[0] * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
+			for(unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++)
+			{
+				file.read((char *)(p + j), sizeof(T));
+				file.seekg((R[2] - 1) * sizeof(T), std::ios::cur);
+			}		
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		while( w[page] < wavelength )
+		{
+			page++;
+			//if wavelength is larger than the last wavelength in header file
+			if (page == R[2]) {
+				file.seekg( (y * R[2] * R[0] + R[2] - 1)* sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
+				for(unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++)
+				{
+					file.read((char *)(p + j), sizeof(T));
+					file.seekg((R[2] - 1) * sizeof(T), std::ios::cur);
+				}
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		if ( wavelength < w[page] )
+		{
+			p1=(T*)malloc( X * sizeof(T));                     //memory allocation
+			p2=(T*)malloc( X * sizeof(T));
+			//band_index(p1, page - 1);
+			file.seekg( (y * R[2] * R[0] + page - 1)* sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
+			for(unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++)
+			{
+				file.read((char *)(p1 + j), sizeof(T));
+				file.seekg((R[2] - 1) * sizeof(T), std::ios::cur);
+			}
+			//band_index(p2, page );
+			file.seekg( (y * R[2] * R[0] + page)* sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
+			for(unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++)
+			{
+				file.read((char *)(p2 + j), sizeof(T));
+				file.seekg((R[2] - 1) * sizeof(T), std::ios::cur);
+			}
+			
+			for(unsigned i=0; i < R[0]; i++){
+				double r = (double) (wavelength - w[page-1]) / (double) (w[page] - w[page-1]);
+				p[i] = (p2[i] - p1[i]) * r + p1[i];
+			}
+		}
+		else                           //if the wavelength is equal to a wavelength in header file
+		{
+			//band_index(p, page);
+			file.seekg( (y * R[2] * R[0] + page) * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
+			for(unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++)
+			{
+				file.read((char *)(p + j), sizeof(T));
+				file.seekg((R[2] - 1) * sizeof(T), std::ios::cur);
+			}
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Retrieve a single spectrum (B-axis line) at a given (x, y) location and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory at least B * sizeof(T) in size.
+	/// @param x is the x-coordinate (dimension 1) of the spectrum.
+	/// @param y is the y-coordinate (dimension 2) of the spectrum.
+	bool spectrum(T * p, unsigned x, unsigned y){
+
+		if ( x >= R[0] || y >= R[1]){							//make sure the sample and line number is right
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: sample or line out of range"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		file.seekg((x + y * R[0]) * R[2] * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);           //point to the certain sample and line
+		
+		file.read((char *)p, sizeof(T) * R[2]);
+			
+		return true;	
+	}
+
+	/// Retrieve a single pixel and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory at least sizeof(T) in size.
+	/// @param n is an integer index to the pixel using linear array indexing.
+	bool pixel(T * p, unsigned n){
+
+		unsigned bandnum = R[0] * R[1];		//calculate numbers in one band
+		if ( n >= bandnum){							//make sure the pixel number is right
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: sample or line out of range"<<std::endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		file.seekg(n * R[2] * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);           //point to the certain pixel
+		file.read((char *)p, sizeof(T) * R[2]);
+		return true;	
+	}
+	
+	//given a Y ,return a ZX slice
+	bool getY(T * p, unsigned y)
+	{
+		if ( y >= R[1]){							//make sure the line number is right
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: line out of range"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}	
+		
+		file.seekg(y * R[2] * R[0] * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
+		file.read((char *)p, sizeof(T) * R[2] * R[0]);
+		
+		return true;
+		
+	}
+		
+	/// Perform baseline correction given a list of baseline points and stores the result in a new BSQ file.
+
+	/// @param outname is the name of the output file used to store the resulting baseline-corrected data.
+	/// @param wls is the list of baseline points based on band labels.	
+	bool baseline(std::string outname, std::vector<double> wls){
+	
+		unsigned N = wls.size();			//get the number of baseline points
+		
+		std::ofstream target(outname.c_str(), std::ios::binary);	//open the target binary file
+		std::string headername = outname + ".hdr";              //the header file name		
+		
+		//simplify image resolution
+		unsigned int ZX = R[2] * R[0];		//calculate the number of points in a Y slice
+		unsigned int L = ZX * sizeof(T);			//calculate the number of bytes of a Y slice
+		unsigned int B = R[2];
+		unsigned int X = R[0];
+		
+		T* c;			//pointer to the current Y slice
+		c = (T*)malloc(L);  //memory allocation
+		
+		T* a;			//pointer to the two YZ lines surrounding the current YZ line
+		T* b;
+		
+		a = (T*)malloc(X * sizeof(T));
+		b = (T*)malloc(X * sizeof(T));
+
+
+		double ai, bi;	//stores the two baseline points wavelength surrounding the current band
+		double ci;		//stores the current band's wavelength
+		unsigned control;
+
+		if (a == NULL || b == NULL || c == NULL){
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: error allocating memory";
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	//	loop start	correct every y slice
+		
+		for (unsigned k =0; k < R[1]; k++)
+		{
+			//get the current y slice
+			getY(c, k);
+		
+			//initialize lownum, highnum, low, high		
+			control=0;
+			ai = w[0];
+			//if no baseline point is specified at band 0,
+			//set the baseline point at band 0 to 0
+			if(wls[0] != w[0]){
+				bi = wls[control];			
+				memset(a, (char)0, X * sizeof(T) );
+			}
+			//else get the low band
+			else{
+				control++;
+				getYZ(a, c, ai);
+				bi = wls[control];
+			}
+			//get the high band
+			getYZ(b, c, bi);
+		
+			//correct every YZ line
+			
+			for(unsigned cii = 0; cii < B; cii++){
+				//update baseline points, if necessary
+				if( w[cii] >= bi && cii != B - 1) {
+					//if the high band is now on the last BL point?
+					if (control != N-1) {
+	
+						control++;		//increment the index
+	
+						std::swap(a, b);	//swap the baseline band pointers
+	
+						ai = bi;
+						bi = wls[control];
+						getYZ(b, c, bi);
+	
+					}
+					//if the last BL point on the last band of the file?
+					else if ( wls[control] < w[B - 1]) {
+	
+						std::swap(a, b);	//swap the baseline band pointers
+	
+						memset(b, (char)0, X * sizeof(T) );	//clear the high band
+	
+						ai = bi;
+						bi = w[B - 1];
+					}
+				}
+
+				ci = w[cii];
+			
+				//perform the baseline correction
+				for(unsigned i=0; i < X; i++)
+				{
+					double r = (double) (ci - ai) / (double) (bi - ai);
+					c[i * B + cii] =(T) ( c[i * B + cii] - (b[i] - a[i]) * r - a[i] );
+				}
+				
+			}//loop for YZ line end  
+			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(c), L);   //write the corrected data into destination	
+		}//loop for Y slice end
+		
+
+		
+		free(a);
+		free(b);
+		free(c);
+		target.close();
+		return true;	
+		
+	}
+		
+	/// Normalize all spectra based on the value of a single band, storing the result in a new BSQ file.
+
+	/// @param outname is the name of the output file used to store the resulting baseline-corrected data.
+	///	@param w is the label specifying the band that the hyperspectral image will be normalized to.
+	///	@param t is a threshold specified such that a spectrum with a value at w less than t is set to zero. Setting this threshold allows the user to limit division by extremely small numbers.
+	bool normalize(std::string outname, double w, double t = 0.0)
+	{
+		unsigned int B = R[2];		//calculate the number of bands
+		unsigned int Y = R[1];
+		unsigned int X = R[0];
+		unsigned int ZX = R[2] * R[0];
+		unsigned int XY = R[0] * R[1];	//calculate the number of pixels in a band
+		unsigned int S = XY * sizeof(T);		//calculate the number of bytes in a band		
+		unsigned int L = ZX * sizeof(T);
+
+		std::ofstream target(outname.c_str(), std::ios::binary);	//open the target binary file
+		std::string headername = outname + ".hdr";              //the header file name
+
+		T * c;				//pointer to the current ZX slice
+		T * b;				//pointer to the standard band
+
+		b = (T*)malloc( S );     //memory allocation
+		c = (T*)malloc( L ); 
+
+		band(b, w);             //get the certain band into memory
+
+		for(unsigned j = 0; j < Y; j++)
+		{
+			getY(c, j);
+			unsigned jX = j * X;		//to avoid calculating it many times
+			for(unsigned i = 0; i < X; i++)
+			{
+				unsigned iB = i * B;		
+				for(unsigned m = 0; m < B; m++)
+				{
+					if( b[i+jX] < t )
+						c[m + iB] = (T)0.0;
+					else
+						c[m + iB] = c[m + iB] / b[i + jX];			//perform normalization
+				}								
+			}
+			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(c), L);   //write normalized data into destination
+		}
+
+		
+		free(b);
+		free(c);
+		target.close();
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	/// Convert the current BIP file to a BSQ file with the specified file name.
+
+	/// @param outname is the name of the output BSQ file to be saved to disk.
+	bool bsq(std::string outname)
+	{	
+		std::string temp = outname + "_temp";
+		std::string headtemp = temp + ".hdr";
+		//first creat a temporary bil file and convert bip file to bil file
+		bil(temp);
+
+		stim::bil<T> n;
+		if(n.open(temp, R[0], R[1], R[2], offset, w)==false){        //open infile
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: unable to open input file"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		//then convert bil file to bsq file
+		n.bsq(outname);
+		n.close();
+		remove(temp.c_str());
+		remove(headtemp.c_str());
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Convert the current BIP file to a BIL file with the specified file name.
+
+	/// @param outname is the name of the output BIL file to be saved to disk.
+	bool bil(std::string outname)
+	{
+		unsigned int S = R[0] * R[2] * sizeof(T);		//calculate the number of bytes in a ZX slice
+		
+		std::ofstream target(outname.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
+		std::string headername = outname + ".hdr";
+		
+		T * p;			//pointer to the current ZX slice for bip file
+		p = (T*)malloc(S);
+		T * q;			//pointer to the current XZ slice for bil file
+		q = (T*)malloc(S);
+		
+		for ( unsigned i = 0; i < R[1]; i++)
+		{			
+			getY(p, i);
+			for ( unsigned k = 0; k < R[2]; k++)
+			{
+				unsigned ks = k * R[0];
+				for ( unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++)
+					q[ks + j] = p[k + j * R[2]];
+			}
+			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(q), S);   //write a band data into target file	
+		}
+
+		
+		free(p);
+		free(q);
+		target.close();
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Return a baseline corrected band given two adjacent baseline points and their bands. The result is stored in a pre-allocated array.
+
+	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
+	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
+	/// @param lp is a pointer to an array holding the band image for the left baseline point
+	/// @param rp is a pointer to an array holding the band image for the right baseline point
+	/// @param wavelength is the label value for the requested baseline-corrected band
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
+	bool baseline_band(double lb, double rb, T* lp, T* rp, double wavelength, T* result){
+
+		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
+		band(result, wavelength);		//get band
+
+		//perform the baseline correction
+		double r = (double) (wavelength - lb) / (double) (rb - lb);
+		for(unsigned i=0; i < XY; i++){
+			result[i] =(T) (result[i] - (rp[i] - lp[i]) * r - lp[i] );
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	/// Return a baseline corrected band given two adjacent baseline points. The result is stored in a pre-allocated array.
+
+	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
+	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
+	/// @param bandwavelength is the label value for the desired baseline-corrected band
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
+	bool height(double lb, double rb, double bandwavelength, T* result){
+
+		T* lp;
+		T* rp;
+		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
+		unsigned S = XY * sizeof(T);
+		lp = (T*) malloc(S);			//memory allocation
+		rp = (T*) malloc(S);
+
+		band(lp, lb);
+		band(rp, rb);		
+
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, bandwavelength, result);
+
+		free(lp);
+		free(rp);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/// Calculate the area under the spectrum between two specified points and stores the result in a pre-allocated array.
+
+	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
+	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
+	/// @param lab is the label value for the left bound (start of the integration)
+	/// @param rab is the label value for the right bound (end of the integration)
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
+	bool area(double lb, double rb, double lab, double rab, T* result){
+
+		T* lp;	//left band pointer
+		T* rp;	//right band pointer
+		T* cur;		//current band 1
+		T* cur2;	//current band 2
+
+		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
+		unsigned S = XY * sizeof(T);
+
+		lp = (T*) malloc(S);			//memory allocation
+		rp = (T*) malloc(S);
+		cur = (T*) malloc(S);
+		cur2 = (T*) malloc(S);
+
+		memset(result, (char)0, S);
+
+		//find the wavelenght position in the whole band
+		unsigned int n = w.size();
+		unsigned int ai = 0;		//left bound position
+		unsigned int bi = n - 1;		//right bound position
+
+
+
+		//to make sure the left and the right bound are in the bandwidth
+		if (lb < w[0] || rb < w[0] || lb > w[n-1] || rb >w[n-1]){
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: left bound or right bound out of bandwidth"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		//to make sure rigth bound is bigger than left bound
+		else if(lb > rb){
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: right bound should be bigger than left bound"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		//get the position of lb and rb
+		while (lab >= w[ai]){
+			ai++;
+		}
+		while (rab <= w[bi]){
+			bi--;
+		}
+
+		band(lp, lb);
+		band(rp, rb);
+
+		//calculate the beginning and the ending part
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, rab, cur2);		//ending part
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[bi], cur);
+		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){
+			result[j] += (rab - w[bi]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 2.0;
+		}
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, lab, cur2);		//beginnning part
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur);
+		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){	
+			result[j] += (w[ai] - lab) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 2.0;
+		}
+
+		//calculate the area
+		ai++;
+		for(unsigned i = ai; i <= bi ;i++)
+		{
+			baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur2);
+			for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++)
+			{
+				result[j] += (w[ai] - w[ai-1]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 2.0; 
+			}
+			std::swap(cur,cur2);		//swap the band pointers
+		}
+
+		free(lp);
+		free(rp);
+		free(cur);
+		free(cur2);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Compute the ratio of two baseline-corrected peaks. The result is stored in a pre-allocated array.
+
+	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param pos1 is the label value for the first peak (numerator) position
+	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param pos2 is the label value for the second peak (denominator) position
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
+	bool ph_to_ph(double lb1, double rb1, double pos1, double lb2, double rb2, double pos2, T * result){
+
+		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		
+		//get the two peak band
+		height(lb1, rb1, pos1, p1);
+		height(lb2, rb2, pos2, p2);
+		//calculate the ratio in result
+		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
+			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
+				result[i] = 1;
+			else
+				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
+		}
+
+		free(p1);
+		free(p2);
+		return true;	
+	}
+	
+	/// Compute the ratio between a peak area and peak height.
+
+	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param pos1 is the label value for the first peak (numerator) position
+	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param pos2 is the label value for the second peak (denominator) position
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
+	bool pa_to_ph(double lb1, double rb1, double lab1, double rab1,
+					double lb2, double rb2, double pos, T* result){
+		
+		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		
+		//get the area and the peak band
+		area(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, p1);
+		height(lb2, rb2, pos, p2);
+		//calculate the ratio in result
+		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
+			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
+				result[i] = 1;
+			else
+				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
+		}
+
+		free(p1);
+		free(p2);
+		return true;	
+	}		
+	
+	/// Compute the ratio between two peak areas.
+
+	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param lab1 is the label value for the left bound (start of the integration) of the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param rab1 is the label value for the right bound (end of the integration) of the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param lab2 is the label value for the left bound (start of the integration) of the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param rab2 is the label value for the right bound (end of the integration) of the second peak (denominator)	
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
+	bool pa_to_pa(double lb1, double rb1, double lab1, double rab1,
+					double lb2, double rb2, double lab2, double rab2, T* result){
+		
+		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		
+		//get the area and the peak band
+		area(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, p1);
+		area(lb2, rb2, lab2, rab2, p2);
+		//calculate the ratio in result
+		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
+			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
+				result[i] = 1;
+			else
+				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
+		}
+
+		free(p1);
+		free(p2);
+		return true;	
+	}		
+
+	/// Compute the definite integral of a baseline corrected peak.
+
+	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
+	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
+	/// @param lab is the label for the start of the definite integral
+	/// @param rab is the label for the end of the definite integral
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
+	bool x_area(double lb, double rb, double lab, double rab, T* result){
+		T* lp;	//left band pointer
+		T* rp;	//right band pointer
+		T* cur;		//current band 1
+		T* cur2;	//current band 2
+
+		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
+		unsigned S = XY * sizeof(T);
+
+		lp = (T*) malloc(S);			//memory allocation
+		rp = (T*) malloc(S);
+		cur = (T*) malloc(S);
+		cur2 = (T*) malloc(S);
+
+		memset(result, (char)0, S);
+
+		//find the wavelenght position in the whole band
+		unsigned int n = w.size();
+		unsigned int ai = 0;		//left bound position
+		unsigned int bi = n - 1;		//right bound position
+
+		//to make sure the left and the right bound are in the bandwidth
+		if (lb < w[0] || rb < w[0] || lb > w[n-1] || rb >w[n-1]){
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: left bound or right bound out of bandwidth"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		//to make sure rigth bound is bigger than left bound
+		else if(lb > rb){
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: right bound should be bigger than left bound"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		//get the position of lb and rb
+		while (lab >= w[ai]){
+			ai++;
+		}
+		while (rab <= w[bi]){
+			bi--;
+		}
+
+		band(lp, lb);
+		band(rp, rb);
+
+		//calculate the beginning and the ending part
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, rab, cur2);		//ending part
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[bi], cur);
+		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){
+			result[j] += (rab - w[bi]) * (rab + w[bi]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 4.0;
+		}
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, lab, cur2);		//beginnning part
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur);
+		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){	
+			result[j] += (w[ai] - lab) * (w[ai] + lab) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 4.0;
+		}
+
+		//calculate f(x) times x
+		ai++;
+		for(unsigned i = ai; i <= bi ;i++)
+		{
+			baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur2);
+			for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++)
+			{
+				result[j] += (w[ai] - w[ai-1]) * (w[ai] + w[ai-1]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 4.0; 
+			}
+			std::swap(cur,cur2);		//swap the band pointers
+		}
+
+		free(lp);
+		free(rp);
+		free(cur);
+		free(cur2);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Compute the centroid of a baseline corrected peak.
+
+	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
+	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
+	/// @param lab is the label for the start of the peak
+	/// @param rab is the label for the end of the peak
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
+	bool cpoint(double lb, double rb, double lab, double rab, T* result){
+		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		
+		//get the area and the peak band
+		x_area(lb, rb, lab, rab, p1);
+		area(lb, rb, lab, rab, p2);
+		//calculate the ratio in result
+		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
+			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
+				result[i] = 1;
+			else
+				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
+		}
+
+		free(p1);
+		free(p2);
+		return true;	
+	}
+
+	/// Create a mask based on a given band and threshold value.
+
+	/// All pixels in the
+	/// specified band greater than the threshold are true and all pixels less than the threshold are false.
+	/// @param mask_band is the band used to specify the mask
+	/// @param threshold is the threshold used to determine if the mask value is true or false
+	/// @param p is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y in size
+	bool build_mask(double mask_band, double threshold, unsigned char* p){
+
+		T* temp = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));		//allocate memory for the certain band
+		band(temp, mask_band);
+
+		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1];i++) {
+				if (temp[i] < threshold)
+					p[i] = 0;
+				else
+					p[i] = 255;
+		}
+
+		free(temp);
+		return true;
+
+	}
+
+	/// Apply a mask file to the BSQ image, setting all values outside the mask to zero.
+
+	/// @param outfile is the name of the masked output file
+	/// @param p is a pointer to memory of size X * Y, where p(i) = 0 for pixels that will be set to zero.
+	bool apply_mask(std::string outfile, unsigned char* p){
+
+		std::ofstream target(outfile.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
+
+		unsigned ZX = R[2] * R[0];		//calculate number of a band
+		unsigned L = ZX * sizeof(T);
+
+		T * temp = (T*)malloc(L);
+
+		for (unsigned i = 0; i < R[1]; i++)
+		{
+			getY(temp, i);
+			for ( unsigned j = 0; j < R[0]; j++)
+			{
+				for (unsigned k = 0; k < R[2]; k++)
+				{
+				if(p[i * R[0] + k] == 0)
+					temp[j * R[2] + k] = 0;
+				else
+					continue;
+				}
+			}
+			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(temp), L);   //write a band data into target file	
+		}
+		target.close();
+		free(temp);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Calculate the mean band value (average along B) at each pixel location.
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to memory of size X * Y * sizeof(T) that will store the band averages.
+	bool band_avg(T* p){
+		unsigned long long XY = R[0] * R[1];
+		//get every pixel and calculate average value
+		T* temp = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * R[2]);
+		T sum;
+		for (unsigned i = 0; i < XY; i++){
+			pixel(temp, i);
+			//calculate the sum value of every value
+			sum = 0;		//initialize sum value
+			for (unsigned j = 0; j < R[2]; j++){
+				sum += temp[j]/(T)R[2];
+			}
+			p[i] = sum;
+		}
+		free(temp);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Calculate the mean value for all masked (or valid) pixels in a band and returns the average spectrum
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory of size [B * sizeof(T)] that stores the mean spectrum
+	/// @param mask is a pointer to memory of size [X * Y] that stores the mask value at each pixel location
+	bool avg_band(T*p, unsigned char* mask){
+		unsigned long long XY = R[0] * R[1];
+		T* temp = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * R[2]);
+		//Iinitialize
+		for (unsigned j = 0; j < R[2]; j++){
+			p[j] = 0;
+		}
+		//calculate vaild number in a band
+		unsigned count = 0;
+		for (unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){
+			if (mask[j] != 0){
+				count++;
+			}
+		}
+		//calculate average number of a band
+		for (unsigned i = 0; i < XY; i++){
+			if (mask[i] != 0){			
+				pixel(temp, i);
+				for (unsigned j = 0; j < R[2]; j++){
+					p[j] += temp[j] / (T)count;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		free(temp);
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	/// Calculate the covariance matrix for all masked pixels in the image.
+
+	/// @param co is a pointer to pre-allocated memory of size [B * B] that stores the resulting covariance matrix
+	/// @param avg is a pointer to memory of size B that stores the average spectrum
+	/// @param mask is a pointer to memory of size [X * Y] that stores the mask value at each pixel location
+	bool co_matrix(T* co, T* avg, unsigned char *mask){
+		//memory allocation
+		unsigned long long xy = R[0] * R[1];
+		unsigned int B = R[2];
+		T* temp = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * B);
+		//count vaild pixels in a band
+		unsigned count = 0;
+		for (unsigned j = 0; j < xy; j++){
+			if (mask[j] != 0){
+				count++;
+			}
+		}
+		//initialize correlation matrix
+		for (unsigned i = 0; i < B; i++){
+			for (unsigned k = 0; k < B; k++){
+				co[i * B + k] = 0;
+			}
+		}
+		//calculate correlation coefficient matrix
+		for (unsigned j = 0; j < xy; j++){
+			if (mask[j] != 0){
+				pixel(temp, j);
+				for (unsigned i = 0; i < B; i++){
+					for (unsigned k = i; k < B; k++){
+						co[i * B + k] += (temp[i] - avg[i]) * (temp[k] - avg[k]) / count;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		//because correlation matrix is symmetric
+		for (unsigned i = 0; i < B; i++){
+			for (unsigned k = i + 1; k < B; k++){
+				co[k * B + i] = co[i * B + k];
+			}
+		}
+
+		free(temp);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/// Crop a region of the image and save it to a new file.
+
+	/// @param outfile is the file name for the new cropped image
+	/// @param x0 is the lower-left x pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
+	/// @param y0 is the lower-left y pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
+	/// @param x1 is the upper-right x pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
+	/// @param y1 is the upper-right y pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
+	bool crop(std::string outfile, unsigned x0, unsigned y0, unsigned x1, unsigned y1){
+
+		//calculate the new number of samples and lines
+		unsigned long long sam = x1 - x0;		//samples
+		unsigned long long lin = y1 - y0;		//lines
+		unsigned long long L = R[2] * sizeof(T);
+		//get specified band and save
+		T* temp = (T*)malloc(L);
+		std::ofstream out(outfile.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
+		//get start
+		unsigned long long sp = y0 * R[0] + x0;		//start pixel
+		for (unsigned i = 0; i < lin; i++)
+		{
+			for (unsigned j = 0; j < sam; j++)
+			{
+				pixel(temp, sp + j + i * R[0]);
+				out.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(temp), L);   //write slice data into target file	
+			}
+		}
+		free(temp);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/// Close the file.
+	bool close(){
+		file.close();
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	};
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/envi/bsq.h b/stim/envi/bsq.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e696c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/envi/bsq.h
@@ -0,0 +1,912 @@
+#ifndef STIM_BSQ_H
+#define STIM_BSQ_H
+
+#include "../envi/envi_header.h"
+#include "../envi/binary.h"
+#include "../envi/bil.h"
+#include <cstring>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+
+
+namespace stim{
+
+/**
+	The BIP class represents a 3-dimensional binary file stored using band sequential (BSQ) image encoding. The binary file is stored
+	such that X-Y "frames" are stored sequentially to form an image stack along the z-axis. When accessing the data sequentially on disk,
+	the dimensions read, from fastest to slowest, are X, Y, Z.
+
+	This class is optimized for data streaming, and therefore supports extremely large (terabyte-scale) files. Data is loaded from disk
+	on request. Functions used to access data are written to support efficient reading.
+*/
+template <typename T>
+
+class bsq: public binary<T> {
+
+
+protected:
+	
+	std::vector<double> w;	//band wavelengths
+	unsigned int offset;
+
+public:
+
+	using binary<T>::open;
+	using binary<T>::file;
+	//using binary<T>::getSlice;
+	using binary<T>::R;
+
+	/// Open a data file for reading using the class interface.
+
+	/// @param filename is the name of the binary file on disk
+	/// @param X is the number of samples along dimension 1
+	/// @param Y is the number of samples (lines) along dimension 2
+	/// @param B is the number of samples (bands) along dimension 3
+	/// @param header_offset is the number of bytes (if any) in the binary header
+	/// @param wavelengths is an optional STL vector of size B specifying a numerical label for each band
+	bool open(std::string filename, unsigned int X, unsigned int Y, unsigned int B, unsigned int header_offset, std::vector<double> wavelengths){
+
+		//copy the wavelengths to the BSQ file structure
+		w = wavelengths;
+		//copy the wavelengths to the structure
+		offset = header_offset;
+
+		return open(filename, vec<unsigned int>(X, Y, B), header_offset);
+		
+	}
+
+	/// Retrieve a single band (based on index) and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to an allocated region of memory at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
+	/// @param page <= B is the integer number of the band to be copied.
+	bool band_index( T * p, unsigned int page){
+
+		if (page >= R[2]){										//make sure the bank number is right
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: page out of range"<<std::endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+		//move the file pointer to the start of the page on disk
+		file.seekg(R[0] * R[1] * page * sizeof(T));
+		//read the page from disk
+		file.read((char *)p, sizeof(T) * R[0] * R[1]);
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Retrieve a single band (by numerical label) and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to an allocated region of memory at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
+	/// @param wavelength is a floating point value (usually a wavelength in spectral data) used as a label for the band to be copied.
+	bool band( T * p, double wavelength){
+
+		//if there are no wavelengths in the BSQ file
+		if(w.size() == 0)
+			return band_index(p, (unsigned int)wavelength);
+
+		unsigned int XY = R[0] * R[1];	//calculate the number of pixels in a band
+		unsigned page = 0;                
+
+
+		//get the two neighboring bands (above and below 'wavelength')
+
+		//if wavelength is smaller than the first one in header file
+		if ( w[page] > wavelength ){
+			band_index(p, page);
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		while( w[page] < wavelength )
+		{
+			page++;
+			//if wavelength is larger than the last wavelength in the header file
+			//	(the wavelength is out of bounds)
+			if (page == R[2]) {
+				band_index(p, R[2]-1);		//return the last band
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		//when the page counter points to the first band above 'wavelength'
+		if ( wavelength < w[page] ){
+
+			//do the interpolation
+			T * p1;
+			T * p2;
+			p1=(T*)malloc( XY * sizeof(T));                     //memory allocation
+			p2=(T*)malloc( XY * sizeof(T));
+			band_index(p1, page - 1);
+			band_index(p2, page );
+			for(unsigned i=0; i < XY; i++){
+				double r = (double) (wavelength - w[page-1]) / (double) (w[page] - w[page-1]);
+				p[i] = (p2[i] - p1[i]) * r + p1[i];
+			}
+			free(p1);
+			free(p2);
+		}
+		//if the wavelength is equal to a wavelength in header file
+		else{
+			band_index(p, page);		//return the band
+		}
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Retrieve a single spectrum (B-axis line) at a given (x, y) location and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory at least B * sizeof(T) in size.
+	/// @param x is the x-coordinate (dimension 1) of the spectrum.
+	/// @param y is the y-coordinate (dimension 2) of the spectrum.
+	bool spectrum(T * p, unsigned x, unsigned y){
+
+		unsigned int i;
+
+		if ( x >= R[0] || y >= R[1]){							//make sure the sample and line number is right
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: sample or line out of range"<<std::endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		file.seekg((x + y * R[0]) * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);           //point to the certain sample and line
+		for (i = 0; i < R[2]; i++)
+		{
+			file.read((char *)(p + i), sizeof(T));
+			file.seekg((R[1] * R[0] - 1) * sizeof(T), std::ios::cur);    //go to the next band
+		}
+
+		return true;	
+	}
+
+	/// Retrieve a single pixel and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory at least sizeof(T) in size.
+	/// @param n is an integer index to the pixel using linear array indexing.
+	bool pixel(T * p, unsigned n){
+
+		unsigned bandnum = R[0] * R[1];		//calculate numbers in one band
+		if ( n >= bandnum){							//make sure the pixel number is right
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: sample or line out of range"<<std::endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		file.seekg(n * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);           //point to the certain pixel
+		for (unsigned i = 0; i < R[2]; i++)
+		{
+			file.read((char *)(p + i), sizeof(T));
+			file.seekg((bandnum - 1) * sizeof(T), std::ios::cur);    //go to the next band
+		}
+
+		return true;	
+	}
+
+	/// Perform baseline correction given a list of baseline points and stores the result in a new BSQ file.
+
+	/// @param outname is the name of the output file used to store the resulting baseline-corrected data.
+	/// @param wls is the list of baseline points based on band labels.	
+	bool baseline(std::string outname, std::vector<double> wls )
+	{
+		unsigned N = wls.size();			//get the number of baseline points
+
+		std::ofstream target(outname.c_str(), std::ios::binary);	//open the target binary file
+		std::string headername = outname + ".hdr";              //the header file name
+
+		//simplify image resolution
+		unsigned int B = R[2];		//calculate the number of bands
+		unsigned int XY = R[0] * R[1];	//calculate the number of pixels in a band
+		unsigned int S = XY * sizeof(T);		//calculate the number of bytes in a band
+
+		double ai, bi;	//stores the two baseline points wavelength surrounding the current band
+		double ci;		//stores the current band's wavelength
+
+		unsigned control=0;
+
+		T * a;					//pointers to the high and low band images
+		T * b;
+		T * c;				//pointer to the current image
+
+		a = (T*)malloc( S );     //memory allocation
+		b = (T*)malloc( S ); 
+		c = (T*)malloc( S ); 
+
+		if (a == NULL || b == NULL || c == NULL){
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: error allocating memory";
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+
+		//initialize lownum, highnum, low, high		
+		ai=w[0];
+
+		//if no baseline point is specified at band 0,
+			//set the baseline point at band 0 to 0
+		if(wls[0] != w[0]){
+			bi = wls[control];			
+			memset(a, (char)0, S);
+		}
+		//else get the low band
+		else{
+			control += 1;
+			band(a, ai);
+			bi = wls[control];
+		}
+		//get the high band
+		band(b, bi);
+
+		//correct every band 
+		for(unsigned cii = 0; cii < B; cii++){
+
+			//update baseline points, if necessary
+			if( w[cii] >= bi && cii != B - 1) {
+				//if the high band is now on the last BL point?
+				if (control != N-1) {
+
+					control++;		//increment the index
+
+					std::swap(a, b);	//swap the baseline band pointers
+
+					ai = bi;
+					bi = wls[control];
+					band(b, bi);
+
+				}
+				//if the last BL point on the last band of the file?
+				else if ( wls[control] < w[B - 1]) {
+
+					std::swap(a, b);	//swap the baseline band pointers
+
+					memset(b, (char)0, S);	//clear the high band
+
+					ai = bi;
+					bi = w[B - 1];
+				}
+			}
+
+			//get the current band
+			band_index(c, cii);
+			ci = w[cii];
+			
+			//perform the baseline correction
+			for(unsigned i=0; i < XY; i++){
+				double r = (double) (ci - ai) / (double) (bi - ai);
+				c[i] =(T) ( c[i] - (b[i] - a[i]) * r - a[i] );
+			}
+			
+			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(c), S);   //write the corrected data into destination
+		
+		}	
+
+		//header.save(headername);         //save the new header file
+		
+		free(a);
+		free(b);
+		free(c);
+		target.close();
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Normalize all spectra based on the value of a single band, storing the result in a new BSQ file.
+
+	/// @param outname is the name of the output file used to store the resulting baseline-corrected data.
+	///	@param w is the label specifying the band that the hyperspectral image will be normalized to.
+	///	@param t is a threshold specified such that a spectrum with a value at w less than t is set to zero. Setting this threshold allows the user to limit division by extremely small numbers.
+	bool normalize(std::string outname, double w, double t = 0.0)
+	{
+		unsigned int B = R[2];		//calculate the number of bands
+		unsigned int XY = R[0] * R[1];	//calculate the number of pixels in a band
+		unsigned int S = XY * sizeof(T);		//calculate the number of bytes in a band
+
+		std::ofstream target(outname.c_str(), std::ios::binary);	//open the target binary file
+		std::string headername = outname + ".hdr";              //the header file name
+
+		T * b;					//pointers to the certain wavelength band
+		T * c;				//pointer to the current image
+
+		b = (T*)malloc( S );     //memory allocation
+		c = (T*)malloc( S ); 
+
+		band(b, w);             //get the certain band into memory
+
+		for(unsigned j = 0; j < B; j++)
+		{
+			band_index(c, j);                     //get the current band into memory
+			for(unsigned i = 0; i < XY; i++)
+			{
+				if(b[i] < t)
+					c[i] = (T)0.0;
+				else
+					c[i] = c[i] / b[i];
+			}
+			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(c), S);   //write normalized data into destination
+		}
+
+		//header.save(headername);         //save the new header file
+		
+		free(b);
+		free(c);
+		target.close();
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	/// Convert the current BSQ file to a BIP file with the specified file name.
+
+	/// @param outname is the name of the output BIP file to be saved to disk.
+	bool bip(std::string outname)
+	{
+		std::string temp = outname + "_temp";
+		std::string headtemp = temp + ".hdr";
+		//first creat a temporary bil file and convert bsq file to bil file
+		bil(temp);
+
+		stim::bil<T> n;
+		if(n.open(temp, R[0], R[1], R[2], offset, w)==false){        //open infile
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: unable to open input file"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		//then convert bil file to bip file
+		n.bip(outname);
+		n.close();
+		remove(temp.c_str());
+		remove(headtemp.c_str());
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Convert the current BSQ file to a BIL file with the specified file name.
+
+	/// @param outname is the name of the output BIL file to be saved to disk.
+	bool bil(std::string outname)
+	{
+		//simplify image resolution
+		unsigned int L = R[0] * R[2] * sizeof(T);		//calculate the number of bytes of a ZX slice
+		unsigned int jump = (R[1] - 1) * R[0] * sizeof(T);
+		
+		std::ofstream target(outname.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
+		std::string headername = outname + ".hdr";
+		
+		T * p;			//pointer to the current spectrum
+		p = (T*)malloc(L);
+		
+		for ( unsigned i = 0; i < R[1]; i++)
+		{
+			file.seekg(R[0] * i * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
+			for ( unsigned j = 0; j < R[2]; j++ )
+			{
+				file.read((char *)(p + j * R[0]), sizeof(T) * R[0]);
+				file.seekg(jump, std::ios::cur);    //go to the next band	
+			}					
+			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(p), L);   //write XZ slice data into target file	
+		}
+		//header.interleave = rts::envi_header::BIL;  //change the type of file in header file
+		//header.save(headername);
+		
+		free(p);
+		target.close();
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Return a baseline corrected band given two adjacent baseline points and their bands. The result is stored in a pre-allocated array.
+
+	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
+	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
+	/// @param lp is a pointer to an array holding the band image for the left baseline point
+	/// @param rp is a pointer to an array holding the band image for the right baseline point
+	/// @param wavelength is the label value for the requested baseline-corrected band
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
+	bool baseline_band(double lb, double rb, T* lp, T* rp, double wavelength, T* result){
+
+		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
+		band(result, wavelength);		//get band
+
+		//perform the baseline correction
+		double r = (double) (wavelength - lb) / (double) (rb - lb);
+		for(unsigned i=0; i < XY; i++){
+			result[i] =(T) (result[i] - (rp[i] - lp[i]) * r - lp[i] );
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Return a baseline corrected band given two adjacent baseline points. The result is stored in a pre-allocated array.
+
+	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
+	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
+	/// @param bandwavelength is the label value for the desired baseline-corrected band
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
+	bool height(double lb, double rb, double bandwavelength, T* result){
+
+		T* lp;
+		T* rp;
+		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
+		unsigned S = XY * sizeof(T);
+		lp = (T*) malloc(S);			//memory allocation
+		rp = (T*) malloc(S);
+
+		band(lp, lb);
+		band(rp, rb);		
+
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, bandwavelength, result);
+
+		free(lp);
+		free(rp);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/// Calculate the area under the spectrum between two specified points and stores the result in a pre-allocated array.
+
+	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
+	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
+	/// @param lab is the label value for the left bound (start of the integration)
+	/// @param rab is the label value for the right bound (end of the integration)
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
+	bool area(double lb, double rb, double lab, double rab, T* result){
+
+		T* lp;	//left band pointer
+		T* rp;	//right band pointer
+		T* cur;		//current band 1
+		T* cur2;	//current band 2
+
+		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
+		unsigned S = XY * sizeof(T);
+
+		lp = (T*) malloc(S);			//memory allocation
+		rp = (T*) malloc(S);
+		cur = (T*) malloc(S);
+		cur2 = (T*) malloc(S);
+
+		memset(result, (char)0, S);
+
+		//find the wavelenght position in the whole band
+		unsigned int n = w.size();
+		unsigned int ai = 0;		//left bound position
+		unsigned int bi = n - 1;		//right bound position
+
+
+
+		//to make sure the left and the right bound are in the bandwidth
+		if (lb < w[0] || rb < w[0] || lb > w[n-1] || rb >w[n-1]){
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: left bound or right bound out of bandwidth"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		//to make sure rigth bound is bigger than left bound
+		else if(lb > rb){
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: right bound should be bigger than left bound"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		//get the position of lb and rb
+		while (lab >= w[ai]){
+			ai++;
+		}
+		while (rab <= w[bi]){
+			bi--;
+		}
+
+		band(lp, lb);
+		band(rp, rb);
+
+		//calculate the beginning and the ending part
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, rab, cur2);		//ending part
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[bi], cur);
+		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){
+			result[j] += (rab - w[bi]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 2.0;
+		}
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, lab, cur2);		//beginnning part
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur);
+		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){	
+			result[j] += (w[ai] - lab) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 2.0;
+		}
+
+		//calculate the area
+		ai++;
+		for(unsigned i = ai; i <= bi ;i++)
+		{
+			baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur2);
+			for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++)
+			{
+				result[j] += (w[ai] - w[ai-1]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 2.0; 
+			}
+			std::swap(cur,cur2);		//swap the band pointers
+		}
+
+		free(lp);
+		free(rp);
+		free(cur);
+		free(cur2);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Compute the ratio of two baseline-corrected peaks. The result is stored in a pre-allocated array.
+
+	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param pos1 is the label value for the first peak (numerator) position
+	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param pos2 is the label value for the second peak (denominator) position
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
+	bool ph_to_ph(double lb1, double rb1, double pos1, double lb2, double rb2, double pos2, T * result){
+
+		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		
+		//get the two peak band
+		height(lb1, rb1, pos1, p1);
+		height(lb2, rb2, pos2, p2);
+		//calculate the ratio in result
+		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
+			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
+				result[i] = 1;
+			else
+				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
+		}
+
+		free(p1);
+		free(p2);
+		return true;	
+	}
+	
+	/// Compute the ratio between a peak area and peak height.
+
+	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param pos1 is the label value for the first peak (numerator) position
+	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param pos2 is the label value for the second peak (denominator) position
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
+	bool pa_to_ph(double lb1, double rb1, double lab1, double rab1,
+					double lb2, double rb2, double pos, T* result){
+		
+		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		
+		//get the area and the peak band
+		area(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, p1);
+		height(lb2, rb2, pos, p2);
+		//calculate the ratio in result
+		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
+			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
+				result[i] = 1;
+			else
+				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
+		}
+
+		free(p1);
+		free(p2);
+		return true;	
+	}		
+	
+	/// Compute the ratio between two peak areas.
+
+	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param lab1 is the label value for the left bound (start of the integration) of the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param rab1 is the label value for the right bound (end of the integration) of the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param lab2 is the label value for the left bound (start of the integration) of the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param rab2 is the label value for the right bound (end of the integration) of the second peak (denominator)	
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
+	bool pa_to_pa(double lb1, double rb1, double lab1, double rab1,
+					double lb2, double rb2, double lab2, double rab2, T* result){
+		
+		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		
+		//get the area and the peak band
+		area(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, p1);
+		area(lb2, rb2, lab2, rab2, p2);
+		//calculate the ratio in result
+		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
+			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
+				result[i] = 1;
+			else
+				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
+		}
+
+		free(p1);
+		free(p2);
+		return true;	
+	}		
+
+	/// Compute the definite integral of a baseline corrected peak.
+
+	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
+	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
+	/// @param lab is the label for the start of the definite integral
+	/// @param rab is the label for the end of the definite integral
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
+	bool x_area(double lb, double rb, double lab, double rab, T* result){
+		T* lp;	//left band pointer
+		T* rp;	//right band pointer
+		T* cur;		//current band 1
+		T* cur2;	//current band 2
+
+		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];
+		unsigned S = XY * sizeof(T);
+
+		lp = (T*) malloc(S);			//memory allocation
+		rp = (T*) malloc(S);
+		cur = (T*) malloc(S);
+		cur2 = (T*) malloc(S);
+
+		memset(result, (char)0, S);
+
+		//find the wavelenght position in the whole band
+		unsigned int n = w.size();
+		unsigned int ai = 0;		//left bound position
+		unsigned int bi = n - 1;		//right bound position
+
+		//to make sure the left and the right bound are in the bandwidth
+		if (lb < w[0] || rb < w[0] || lb > w[n-1] || rb >w[n-1]){
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: left bound or right bound out of bandwidth"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		//to make sure rigth bound is bigger than left bound
+		else if(lb > rb){
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: right bound should be bigger than left bound"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		//get the position of lb and rb
+		while (lab >= w[ai]){
+			ai++;
+		}
+		while (rab <= w[bi]){
+			bi--;
+		}
+
+		band(lp, lb);
+		band(rp, rb);
+
+		//calculate the beginning and the ending part
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, rab, cur2);		//ending part
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[bi], cur);
+		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){
+			result[j] += (rab - w[bi]) * (rab + w[bi]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 4.0;
+		}
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, lab, cur2);		//beginnning part
+		baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur);
+		for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){	
+			result[j] += (w[ai] - lab) * (w[ai] + lab) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 4.0;
+		}
+
+		//calculate f(x) times x
+		ai++;
+		for(unsigned i = ai; i <= bi ;i++)
+		{
+			baseline_band(lb, rb, lp, rp, w[ai], cur2);
+			for(unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++)
+			{
+				result[j] += (w[ai] - w[ai-1]) * (w[ai] + w[ai-1]) * (cur[j] + cur2[j]) / 4.0; 
+			}
+			std::swap(cur,cur2);		//swap the band pointers
+		}
+
+		free(lp);
+		free(rp);
+		free(cur);
+		free(cur2);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Compute the centroid of a baseline corrected peak.
+
+	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
+	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
+	/// @param lab is the label for the start of the peak
+	/// @param rab is the label for the end of the peak
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
+	bool cpoint(double lb, double rb, double lab, double rab, T* result){
+		T* p1 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		T* p2 = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));	
+		
+		//get the area and the peak band
+		x_area(lb, rb, lab, rab, p1);
+		area(lb, rb, lab, rab, p2);
+		//calculate the ratio in result
+		for(unsigned i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++){
+			if(p1[i] == 0 && p2[i] ==0)
+				result[i] = 1;
+			else
+				result[i] = p1[i] / p2[i];
+		}
+
+		free(p1);
+		free(p2);
+		return true;	
+	}
+
+	/// Create a mask based on a given band and threshold value.
+
+	/// All pixels in the
+	/// specified band greater than the threshold are true and all pixels less than the threshold are false.
+	/// @param mask_band is the band used to specify the mask
+	/// @param threshold is the threshold used to determine if the mask value is true or false
+	/// @param p is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y in size
+	bool build_mask(double mask_band, double threshold, unsigned char* p = NULL){
+
+		T* temp = (T*)malloc(R[0] * R[1] * sizeof(T));		//allocate memory for the certain band
+		band(temp, mask_band);
+
+		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < R[0] * R[1]; i++) {
+				if (temp[i] < threshold)
+					p[i] = 0;
+				else
+					p[i] = 255;
+		}
+
+		free(temp);
+		return true;
+
+	}
+
+	/// Apply a mask file to the BSQ image, setting all values outside the mask to zero.
+
+	/// @param outfile is the name of the masked output file
+	/// @param p is a pointer to memory of size X * Y, where p(i) = 0 for pixels that will be set to zero.
+	bool apply_mask(std::string outfile, unsigned char* p){
+
+		std::ofstream target(outfile.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
+
+		unsigned XY = R[0] * R[1];		//calculate number of a band
+		unsigned L = XY * sizeof(T);
+
+		T * temp = (T*)malloc(L);
+
+		for (unsigned i = 0; i < R[2]; i++)
+		{
+			band_index(temp, i);
+			for ( unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++)
+			{
+				if(p[j] == 0){
+					temp[j] = 0;
+				}
+				else{
+					continue;
+				}
+			}
+			target.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(temp), L);   //write a band data into target file	
+		}
+		target.close();
+		free(temp);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Calculate the mean band value (average along B) at each pixel location.
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to memory of size X * Y * sizeof(T) that will store the band averages.
+	bool band_avg(T* p){
+		unsigned long long XY = R[0] * R[1];
+		T* temp = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * XY);
+		//initialize p
+		band_index(p, 0);
+		for (unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){
+			p[j] /= (T)R[2];
+		}
+		//get every band and add them all
+		for (unsigned i = 1; i < R[2]; i++){
+			band_index(temp, i);
+			for (unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){
+				p[j] += temp[j]/(T)R[2];
+			}
+		}
+		free(temp);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Calculate the mean value for all masked (or valid) pixels in a band and returns the average spectrum
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory of size [B * sizeof(T)] that stores the mean spectrum
+	/// @param mask is a pointer to memory of size [X * Y] that stores the mask value at each pixel location
+	bool avg_band(T*p, unsigned char* mask){
+		unsigned long long XY = R[0] * R[1];
+		unsigned count = 0;						//count will store the number of masked pixels
+		T* temp = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * XY);
+		//calculate this loop counts the number of true pixels in the mask
+		for (unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){
+			if (mask[j] != 0){
+				count++;
+			}
+		}
+		//this loops goes through each band in B (R[2])
+		//	masked (or valid) pixels from that band are averaged and the average is stored in p
+		for (unsigned i = 0; i < R[2]; i++){
+			p[i] = 0;
+			band_index(temp, i);				//get the band image and store it in temp
+			for (unsigned j = 0; j < XY; j++){	//loop through temp, averaging valid pixels
+				if (mask[j] != 0){
+					p[i] += temp[j] / (T)count;
+				}				
+			}
+		}
+		free(temp);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Calculate the covariance matrix for all masked pixels in the image.
+
+	/// @param co is a pointer to pre-allocated memory of size [B * B] that stores the resulting covariance matrix
+	/// @param avg is a pointer to memory of size B that stores the average spectrum
+	/// @param mask is a pointer to memory of size [X * Y] that stores the mask value at each pixel location
+	bool co_matrix(T* co, T* avg, unsigned char *mask){
+		//memory allocation
+		unsigned long long xy = R[0] * R[1];
+		unsigned int B = R[2];
+		T* bandi = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * xy);
+		T* bandj = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * xy);
+		
+		//count vaild pixels in a band
+		unsigned count = 0;
+		for (unsigned j = 0; j < xy; j++){
+			if (mask[j] != 0){
+				count++;
+			}
+		}
+		//calculate correlation coefficient matrix
+		for (unsigned i = 0; i < B; i++)
+		{
+			band_index(bandi, i);
+			for (unsigned j = i; j < B; j++){
+				band_index(bandj, j);
+				T numerator = 0;			//to calculate element in correlation coefficient matrix, numerator part
+				//calculate the R(i,j) in correlation coeffient matrix
+				for (unsigned k = 0; k < xy; k++){
+					if (mask[k] != 0){
+						numerator += (bandi[k] - avg[i]) * (bandj[k] - avg[j]) / count;
+					}
+				}
+				co[i*B + j] = numerator;
+				co[j*B + i] = numerator;		//because correlated matrix is a symmetric matrix
+			}
+		}
+		free(bandi);
+		free(bandj);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/// Crop a region of the image and save it to a new file.
+
+	/// @param outfile is the file name for the new cropped image
+	/// @param x0 is the lower-left x pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
+	/// @param y0 is the lower-left y pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
+	/// @param x1 is the upper-right x pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
+	/// @param y1 is the upper-right y pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
+	bool crop(std::string outfile, unsigned x0, unsigned y0, unsigned x1, unsigned y1){
+
+		//calculate the new number of samples and lines
+		unsigned long long sam = x1 - x0;		//samples
+		unsigned long long lin = y1 - y0;		//lines
+		unsigned long long L = sam * lin * sizeof(T);
+		//get specified band and save
+		T* temp = (T*)malloc(L);
+		std::ofstream out(outfile.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
+		unsigned long long jumpb = R[0] * (R[1] - lin) * sizeof(T);		//jump pointer to the next band
+		unsigned long long jumpl = (R[0] - sam) * sizeof(T);	                           	//jump pointer to the next line
+		//get start
+		file.seekg((y0 * R[0] + x0) * sizeof(T), std::ios::beg);
+		for (unsigned i = 0; i < R[2]; i++)
+		{
+			for (unsigned j = 0; j < lin; j++)
+			{
+				file.read((char *)(temp + j * sam), sizeof(T) * sam);
+				file.seekg(jumpl, std::ios::cur);    //go to the next band	
+			}
+			out.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(temp), L);   //write slice data into target file	
+			file.seekg(jumpb, std::ios::cur);
+		}
+		free(temp);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/// Close the file.
+	bool close(){
+		file.close();
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	};
+}
+
+#endif
+
+			
diff --git a/stim/envi/envi.h b/stim/envi/envi.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7022625
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/envi/envi.h
@@ -0,0 +1,895 @@
+#ifndef STIM_ENVI_H
+#define STIM_ENVI_H
+
+#include "../envi/envi_header.h"
+#include "../envi/bsq.h"
+#include "../envi/bip.h"
+#include "../envi/bil.h"
+#include <iostream>
+#include "../image/image.h"
+
+namespace stim{
+
+/** This class implements reading of ENVI hyperspectral files. These files can be stored in multiple orientations
+	(including BSQ, BIP, and BIL) in order to optimize streaming speed depending on applications. Basic ENVI
+	files are stored on disk as a large binary file with a corresponding header. Code for reading and processing
+	ENVI header files is in the envi_header class.
+*/
+class envi{	
+
+	void* file;		//void pointer to the relevant file reader (bip, bsq, or bil - with appropriate data type)
+
+public:
+
+	envi_header header;
+
+	/// Allocate memory for a new ENVI file based on the current interleave format (BIP, BIL, BSQ) and data type.
+	bool allocate(){
+
+		file = NULL;	//set file to a NULL pointer
+
+		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return(file = new bsq<float>());
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return(file = new bsq<double>());
+		}
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return(file = new bip<float>());
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return(file = new bip<double>());
+		}
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return(file = new bil<float>());
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return(file = new bil<double>());
+		}
+
+		exit(1);	//if the function hasn't already returned, we don't handle this state
+
+	}
+
+	/// Open an existing ENVI file given the file and header names.
+
+	/// @param filename is the name of the ENVI binary file
+	/// @param headername is the name of the ENVI header file
+	bool open(std::string filename, std::string headername){
+
+		//allocate memory
+		allocate();
+
+		//load the header
+		header.load(headername);
+
+		//load the file
+		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ) {		//if the infile is bsq file
+			if(header.data_type == envi_header::float32) {
+				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->open(filename, header.samples, header.lines, header.bands, header.header_offset, header.wavelength);
+			}
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64) {
+				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->open(filename, header.samples, header.lines, header.bands, header.header_offset, header.wavelength);
+			}
+			else
+				return false;
+		}
+
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL) {		//if the infile is bil file
+			if(header.data_type == envi_header::float32) {
+				return ((bil<float>*)file)->open(filename, header.samples, header.lines, header.bands, header.header_offset, header.wavelength);
+			}
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64) {
+				return ((bil<double>*)file)->open(filename, header.samples, header.lines, header.bands, header.header_offset, header.wavelength);
+			}
+			else
+				return false;
+		}
+				
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP) {		//if the infile is bip file
+			if(header.data_type == envi_header::float32) {
+				return ((bip<float>*)file)->open(filename, header.samples, header.lines, header.bands, header.header_offset, header.wavelength);
+			}
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64) {
+				return ((bip<double>*)file)->open(filename, header.samples, header.lines, header.bands, header.header_offset, header.wavelength);
+			}
+			else
+				return false;		
+		}
+		
+		else{
+		std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified type file       "<<headername<<std::endl;
+		exit(1);
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	/// Normalize a hyperspectral ENVI file given a band number and threshold.
+
+	/// @param outfile is the name of the normalized file to be output
+	/// @param band is the band label to be output
+	/// @param threshold is a threshold value specified such that normalization will only be done to values in the band > threshold (preventing division by small numbers)
+	bool normalize(std::string outfile, double band, double threshold = 0.0){
+	
+		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){		//if the infile is bsq file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->normalize(outfile, band, threshold);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->normalize(outfile,band, threshold);
+			else
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){		//if the infile is bil file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bil<float>*)file)->normalize(outfile, band);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bil<double>*)file)->normalize(outfile,band);
+			else
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){		//if the infile is bip file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bip<float>*)file)->normalize(outfile, band);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bip<double>*)file)->normalize(outfile,band);
+			else
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		else{
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified file type"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/// Performs piecewise linear baseline correction of a hyperspectral file/
+
+	/// @param outfile is the file name for the baseline corrected output
+	/// @param w is a list of band labels to serve as baseline points (zero values)
+	bool baseline(std::string outfile, std::vector<double> w){
+
+		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){		//if the infile is bsq file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->baseline(outfile, w);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->baseline(outfile,w);
+			else{
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){		//if the infile is bil file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bil<float>*)file)->baseline(outfile, w);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bil<double>*)file)->baseline(outfile, w);
+			else{
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){		//if the infile is bip file 
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bip<float>*)file)->baseline(outfile, w);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bip<double>*)file)->baseline(outfile, w);
+			else{
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+
+		else{
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified file type"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// Converts ENVI files between interleave types (BSQ, BIL, and BIP)
+
+	/// @param outfile is the file name for the converted output
+	/// @param interleave is the interleave format for the destination file
+	bool convert(std::string outfile, stim::envi_header::interleaveType interleave){
+
+		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){			//if the infile is bsq file
+
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32){		//if the data type of infile is float
+				if(interleave == envi_header::BSQ){
+					std::cout<<"ERROR:  is already BSQ file"<<std::endl;
+					exit(1);
+				}
+				else if(interleave == envi_header::BIL)			//if the target file is bil file
+					return ((bsq<float>*)file)->bil(outfile);
+				else if(interleave == envi_header::BIP)			//if the target file is bip file
+					return ((bsq<float>*)file)->bip(outfile);
+			}
+
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64){		//if the data type is float
+				if(interleave == envi_header::BSQ){
+					std::cout<<"ERROR:  is already BSQ file"<<std::endl;
+					exit(1);
+				}
+				else if(interleave == envi_header::BIL)
+					return ((bsq<double>*)file)->bil(outfile);
+				else if(interleave == envi_header::BIP)
+					return ((bsq<double>*)file)->bip(outfile);
+			}
+			
+			else{
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+				exit(1);				
+			}
+		}
+
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){
+
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32){		//if the data type of infile is float
+				if(interleave == envi_header::BIL){
+					std::cout<<"ERROR:  is already BIL file"<<std::endl;
+					exit(1);
+				}
+				else if(interleave == envi_header::BSQ)			//if the target file is bsq file
+					return ((bil<float>*)file)->bsq(outfile);
+				else if(interleave == envi_header::BIP)			//if the target file is bip file
+					return ((bil<float>*)file)->bip(outfile);
+			}
+
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64){		//if the data type is float
+				if(interleave == envi_header::BIL){
+					std::cout<<"ERROR:  is already BIL file"<<std::endl;
+					exit(1);
+				}
+				else if(interleave == envi_header::BSQ)
+					return ((bil<double>*)file)->bsq(outfile);
+				else if(interleave == envi_header::BIP)
+					return ((bil<double>*)file)->bip(outfile);
+			}
+			
+			else{
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+				exit(1);				
+			}
+		}
+
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){
+		
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32){		//if the data type of infile is float
+				if(interleave == envi_header::BIP){
+					std::cout<<"ERROR:  is already BIP file"<<std::endl;
+					exit(1);
+				}
+				else if(interleave == envi_header::BIL)			//if the target file is bil file
+					return ((bip<float>*)file)->bil(outfile);
+				else if(interleave == envi_header::BSQ)			//if the target file is bsq file
+					return ((bip<float>*)file)->bsq(outfile);
+			}
+
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64){		//if the data type is float
+				if(interleave == envi_header::BIP){
+					std::cout<<"ERROR:  is already BIP file"<<std::endl;
+					exit(1);
+				}
+				else if(interleave == envi_header::BIL)			//if the target file is bil file
+					return ((bip<double>*)file)->bil(outfile);
+				else if(interleave == envi_header::BSQ)			//if the target file is bsq file
+					return ((bip<double>*)file)->bsq(outfile);
+			}
+			
+			else{
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+				exit(1);				
+			}
+		}
+		
+		else{
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified interleave type"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		return false;
+	
+	}
+
+	/// Builds a mask from a band image and threshold value
+
+	/// @param mask_band is the label for the band that will be used to build the mask
+	/// @param threshold is a value selected such that all band values greater than threshold will have a mask value of 'true'
+	/// @param p is memory of size X*Y that will store the resulting mask
+	bool build_mask(double mask_band, double threshold, unsigned char* p = NULL)	{
+
+		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){		//if the infile is bsq file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->build_mask(mask_band, threshold, p);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->build_mask(mask_band, threshold, p);
+			else
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){		//if the infile is bil file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bil<float>*)file)->build_mask(mask_band, threshold, p);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bil<double>*)file)->build_mask(mask_band, threshold, p);
+			else
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){		//if the infile is bip file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bip<float>*)file)->build_mask(mask_band, threshold, p);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bip<double>*)file)->build_mask(mask_band, threshold, p);
+			else
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/// Applies a mask to the ENVI file.
+
+	/// @param outfile is the name of the resulting masked output file
+	/// @param p is memory of size X*Y containing the mask (0 = false, all other values are true)
+	bool apply_mask(std::string outfile, unsigned char* p)	
+	{
+
+		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){		//if the infile is bsq file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->apply_mask(outfile, p);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->apply_mask(outfile, p);
+			else
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){		//if the infile is bil file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bil<float>*)file)->apply_mask(outfile, p);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bil<double>*)file)->apply_mask(outfile, p);
+			else
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){		//if the infile is bip file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bip<float>*)file)->apply_mask(outfile, p);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bip<double>*)file)->apply_mask(outfile, p);
+			else
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		else{
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified file type"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/// Compute the ratio of two baseline-corrected peaks. The result is stored in a pre-allocated array.
+
+	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param pos1 is the label value for the first peak (numerator) position
+	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param pos2 is the label value for the second peak (denominator) position
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
+	bool ph_to_ph(double lb1, double rb1, double pos1, double lb2, double rb2, double pos2, void * result){
+		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){		//if the infile is bsq file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->ph_to_ph(lb1, rb1, pos1, lb2, rb2, pos2, (float*)result);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->ph_to_ph(lb1, rb1, pos1, lb2, rb2, pos2, (double*)result);
+			else
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){		//if the infile is bil file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bil<float>*)file)->ph_to_ph(lb1, rb1, pos1, lb2, rb2, pos2, (float*)result);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bil<double>*)file)->ph_to_ph(lb1, rb1, pos1, lb2, rb2, pos2, (double*)result);
+			else
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){		//if the infile is bip file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bip<float>*)file)->ph_to_ph(lb1, rb1, pos1, lb2, rb2, pos2, (float*)result);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bip<double>*)file)->ph_to_ph(lb1, rb1, pos1, lb2, rb2, pos2, (double*)result);
+			else
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		else{
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified file type"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/// Compute the ratio between a peak area and peak height.
+
+	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param pos1 is the label value for the first peak (numerator) position
+	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param pos2 is the label value for the second peak (denominator) position
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
+	bool pa_to_ph(double lb1, double rb1, double lab1, double rab1, double lb2, double rb2, double pos, void * result){
+		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){		//if the infile is bsq file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->pa_to_ph(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, pos, (float*)result);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->pa_to_ph(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, pos, (double*)result);
+			else
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){		//if the infile is bil file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bil<float>*)file)->pa_to_ph(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, pos, (float*)result);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bil<double>*)file)->pa_to_ph(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, pos, (double*)result);
+			else
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){		//if the infile is bip file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bip<float>*)file)->pa_to_ph(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, pos, (float*)result);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bip<double>*)file)->pa_to_ph(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, pos, (double*)result);
+			else
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		else{
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified file type"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/// Compute the ratio between two peak areas.
+
+	/// @param lb1 is the label value for the left baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param rb1 is the label value for the right baseline point for the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param lab1 is the label value for the left bound (start of the integration) of the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param rab1 is the label value for the right bound (end of the integration) of the first peak (numerator)
+	/// @param lb2 is the label value for the left baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param rb2 is the label value for the right baseline point for the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param lab2 is the label value for the left bound (start of the integration) of the second peak (denominator)
+	/// @param rab2 is the label value for the right bound (end of the integration) of the second peak (denominator)	
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
+	bool pa_to_pa(double lb1, double rb1, double lab1, double rab1,
+					double lb2, double rb2, double lab2, double rab2, void* result){
+		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){		//if the infile is bsq file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->pa_to_pa(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, lab2, rab2, (float*)result);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->pa_to_pa(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, lab2, rab2, (double*)result);
+			else
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){		//if the infile is bil file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bil<float>*)file)->pa_to_pa(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, lab2, rab2, (float*)result);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bil<double>*)file)->pa_to_pa(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, lab2, rab2, (double*)result);
+			else
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){		//if the infile is bip file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bip<float>*)file)->pa_to_pa(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, lab2, rab2, (float*)result);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bip<double>*)file)->pa_to_pa(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, lb2, rb2, lab2, rab2, (double*)result);
+			else
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		else{
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified file type"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/// Compute the centroid of a baseline corrected peak.
+
+	/// @param lb is the label value for the left baseline point
+	/// @param rb is the label value for the right baseline point
+	/// @param lab is the label for the start of the peak
+	/// @param rab is the label for the end of the peak
+	/// @param result is a pointer to a pre-allocated array at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size
+	bool cpoint(double lb1, double rb1, double lab1, double rab1, void* result){
+		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){		//if the infile is bsq file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->cpoint(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, (float*)result);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->cpoint(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, (double*)result);
+			else
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){		//if the infile is bil file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bil<float>*)file)->cpoint(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, (float*)result);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bil<double>*)file)->cpoint(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, (double*)result);
+			else
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){		//if the infile is bip file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bip<float>*)file)->cpoint(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1,(float*)result);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bip<double>*)file)->cpoint(lb1, rb1, lab1, rab1, (double*)result);
+			else
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		else{
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified file type"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/// Closes the ENVI file.
+	bool close(){
+		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->close();
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->close();
+			else{
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bil<float>*)file)->close();
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bil<double>*)file)->close();
+			else{
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bip<float>*)file)->close();
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bip<double>*)file)->close();
+			else{
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/// Retrieve a single pixel and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory at least sizeof(T) in size.
+	/// @param n is an integer index to the pixel using linear array indexing.
+	bool pixel(void * p, unsigned n){
+		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->pixel((float*)p, n);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->pixel((double*)p, n);
+			else{
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bil<float>*)file)->pixel((float*)p, n);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bil<double>*)file)->pixel((double*)p, n);
+			else{
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+		else if(header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bip<float>*)file)->pixel((float*)p, n);
+			else if(header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bip<double>*)file)->pixel((double*)p, n);
+			else{
+				std::cout<<"ERROR: unidentified data type"<<std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/// Saves a header file describing the current ENVI file parameters.
+	bool save_header(std::string filename){
+
+		//save the header file here
+		header.save(filename);
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Retrieve a single band (by numerical label) and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to an allocated region of memory at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
+	/// @param wavelength is a floating point value (usually a wavelength in spectral data) used as a label for the band to be copied.
+	bool band(void* ptr, double wavelength){
+
+		if(header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){		//if the infile is bsq file
+			if(header.data_type ==envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->band((float*)ptr, wavelength);
+			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->band((double*)ptr, wavelength);
+			else{
+				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+		else if (header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){
+			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bil<float>*)file)->band((float*)ptr, wavelength);
+			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bil<double>*)file)->band((double*)ptr, wavelength);
+			else{
+				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+		else if (header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){
+			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bip<float>*)file)->band((float*)ptr, wavelength);
+			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bip<double>*)file)->band((double*)ptr, wavelength);
+			else{
+				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/// Retrieve a single band (based on index) and stores it in pre-allocated memory.
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to an allocated region of memory at least X * Y * sizeof(T) in size.
+	/// @param page <= B is the integer number of the band to be copied.
+	bool band_index(void* ptr, unsigned int b){
+		if (header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){		//if the infile is bsq file
+			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->band_index((float*)ptr, b);
+			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->band_index((double*)ptr, b);
+			else{
+				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+		else if (header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){
+			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bil<float>*)file)->band_index((float*)ptr, b);
+			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bil<double>*)file)->band_index((double*)ptr, b);
+			else{
+				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+		else if (header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){
+			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bip<float>*)file)->band_index((float*)ptr, b);
+			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bip<double>*)file)->band_index((double*)ptr, b);
+			else{
+				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	/// Helper function that loads a mask into memory given a filename.
+
+	/// @param mask is a pointer to pre-allocated memory of size X*Y
+	/// @param maskname is the file name for the image that will serve as the mask
+	bool load_mask(unsigned char * mask, std::string maskname){
+		//open the mask file
+		stim::image<unsigned char> mask_image(maskname);
+		mask_image.data_noninterleaved(mask);
+		//save mask file into memory
+		//memcpy(mask, mask_image.data_noninterleaved(), mask_image.size());
+		//mask_image.clear();
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	//p:start positon; N: number of pixels saved in X;
+	bool feature_matrix(void * X,  unsigned char * mask, unsigned start, unsigned N)
+	{
+		//save pixels in X as floating numbers: float * p
+		float * p = (float*)malloc(header.bands * sizeof(float));		//save pixel information
+		unsigned pixels = header.samples * header.lines;		//calculate pixel numbers in a band
+		unsigned count = 0;		//for counting use
+		unsigned j = 0;		//memory the pointer location in X
+
+		//create two indices into the mask (mask index and pixel index)
+		unsigned mi = 0;	//valid pixel index
+		unsigned pi = 0;	//actual pixel in the mask
+
+		//find the actual pixel index for the mask index "start"
+		while(mi < start){
+			if(mask[pi])
+				mi++;
+
+			pi++;
+		}
+
+		for(unsigned i = pi; i < pixels; i++){
+			if(mask[i] != 0){
+				pixel(p, i);
+				//copy p to X
+				for(unsigned k = 0; k < header.bands; k++){
+					((float *)X)[j] = p[k];
+					j++;
+				}
+				count++;
+				if(count == N)
+					break;
+			}
+			else
+				continue;
+		}
+		if(count < N){
+			std::cout << "number of valid pixels in the mask : " << count <<"is less than N: "<< N;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		free(p);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// Calculate the mean value for all masked (or valid) pixels in a band and returns the average spectrum
+
+	/// @param p is a pointer to pre-allocated memory of size [B * sizeof(T)] that stores the mean spectrum
+	/// @param mask is a pointer to memory of size [X * Y] that stores the mask value at each pixel location
+	bool avg_band(void * p, unsigned char* mask){
+		if (header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){
+			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->avg_band((float*)p, mask);
+			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->avg_band((double*)p,  mask);
+			else{
+				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+		else if (header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){
+			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bil<float>*)file)->avg_band((float*)p,  mask);
+			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bil<double>*)file)->avg_band((double*)p,  mask);
+			else{
+				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+		else if (header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){
+			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bip<float>*)file)->avg_band((float*)p, mask);
+			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bip<double>*)file)->avg_band((double*)p, mask);
+			else{
+				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/// Calculate the covariance matrix for all masked pixels in the image.
+
+	/// @param co is a pointer to pre-allocated memory of size [B * B] that stores the resulting covariance matrix
+	/// @param avg is a pointer to memory of size B that stores the average spectrum
+	/// @param mask is a pointer to memory of size [X * Y] that stores the mask value at each pixel location
+	bool co_matrix(void* co, void* avg, unsigned char* mask){
+		if (header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){
+			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->co_matrix((float*)co, (float*)avg, mask);
+			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->co_matrix((double*)co, (double*)avg, mask);
+			else{
+				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+		else if (header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){
+			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bil<float>*)file)->co_matrix((float*)co, (float*)avg, mask);
+			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bil<double>*)file)->co_matrix((double*)co, (double*)avg, mask);
+			else{
+				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+		else if (header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){
+			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bip<float>*)file)->co_matrix((float*)co, (float*)avg, mask);
+			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bip<double>*)file)->co_matrix((double*)co, (double*)avg, mask);
+			else{
+				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/// Crop a region of the image and save it to a new file.
+
+	/// @param outfile is the file name for the new cropped image
+	/// @param x0 is the lower-left x pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
+	/// @param y0 is the lower-left y pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
+	/// @param x1 is the upper-right x pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
+	/// @param y1 is the upper-right y pixel coordinate to be included in the cropped image
+	bool crop(std::string outfile,unsigned x0, unsigned y0, unsigned x1, unsigned y1){
+
+		if (header.interleave == envi_header::BSQ){
+			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bsq<float>*)file)->crop(outfile, x0, y0, x1, y1);
+			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bsq<double>*)file)->crop(outfile, x0, y0, x1, y1);
+			else{
+				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+		else if (header.interleave == envi_header::BIL){
+			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bil<float>*)file)->crop(outfile, x0, y0, x1, y1);
+			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bil<double>*)file)->crop(outfile, x0, y0, x1, y1);
+			else{
+				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+		else if (header.interleave == envi_header::BIP){
+			if (header.data_type == envi_header::float32)
+				return ((bip<float>*)file)->crop(outfile, x0, y0, x1, y1);
+			else if (header.data_type == envi_header::float64)
+				return ((bip<double>*)file)->crop(outfile, x0, y0, x1, y1);
+			else{
+				std::cout << "ERROR: unidentified data type" << std::endl;
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+};
+
+}	//end namespace rts
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/envi/envi_header.h b/stim/envi/envi_header.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6650557
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/envi/envi_header.h
@@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
+#ifndef ENVI_HEADER_H
+#define ENVI_HEADER_H
+
+#include <string>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+//information from an ENVI header file
+//A good resource can be found here: http://www.exelisvis.com/docs/enviheaderfiles.html
+
+namespace stim{
+
+struct envi_header
+{
+	enum dataType {dummy0, int8, int16, int32, float32, float64, complex32, dummy7, dummy8, complex64, dummy10, dummy11, uint16, uint32, int64, uint64};
+	enum interleaveType {BIP, BIL, BSQ};	//bip = Z,X,Y; bil = X,Z,Y; bsq = X,Y,Z
+	enum endianType {endianLittle, endianBig};
+
+	std::string name;
+
+	std::string description;
+
+	unsigned int samples;	//x-axis
+	unsigned int lines;		//y-axis
+	unsigned int bands;		//spectral axis
+	unsigned int header_offset;		//header offset for binary file (in bytes)
+	std::string file_type;			//should be "ENVI Standard"
+
+	envi_header::dataType data_type;			//data representation; common value is 4 (32-bit float)
+
+
+	envi_header::interleaveType interleave;
+
+	std::string sensor_type;		//not really used
+
+	envi_header::endianType byte_order;			//little = least significant bit first (most systems)
+
+	double x_start, y_start;		//coordinates of the upper-left corner of the image
+	std::string wavelength_units;	//stored wavelength units
+	std::string z_plot_titles[2];
+
+	double pixel_size[2];			//pixel size along X and Y
+
+	std::vector<std::string> band_names;	//name for each band in the image
+	std::vector<double> wavelength;		//wavelength for each band
+
+	void init(){
+        name = "";
+
+		//specify default values for a new or empty ENVI file
+		samples = 0;
+		lines = 0;
+		bands = 0;
+		header_offset = 0;
+		data_type = float32;
+		interleave = BSQ;
+		byte_order = endianLittle;
+		x_start = y_start = 0;
+		pixel_size[0] = pixel_size[1] = 1;
+
+		//strings
+		file_type = "ENVI Standard";
+		sensor_type = "Unknown";
+		wavelength_units = "Unknown";
+		z_plot_titles[0] = z_plot_titles[1] = "Unknown";
+	}
+
+	envi_header(){
+		init();
+	}
+	envi_header(std::string name){
+		init();
+		load(name);
+	}
+
+	std::string trim(std::string line){
+		//trims whitespace from the beginning and end of line
+		unsigned int start_i, end_i;
+		for(start_i=0; start_i < line.length(); start_i++)
+			if(line[start_i] != 32)
+			{
+				break;
+			}
+
+		for(end_i = line.length()-1; end_i >= start_i; end_i--)
+			if(line[end_i] != ' ' && line[end_i] != '\r')
+			{
+				break;
+			}
+
+		return line.substr(start_i, end_i - start_i+1);
+	}
+
+
+	std::string get_token(std::string line){
+		//returns a variable name; in this case we look for the '=' sign
+		size_t i = line.find_first_of('=');
+
+		std::string result;
+		if(i != std::string::npos)
+			result = trim(line.substr(0, i-1));
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	std::string get_data_str(std::string line){
+		size_t i = line.find_first_of('=');
+
+		std::string result;
+		if(i != std::string::npos)
+			result = trim(line.substr(i+1));
+		else
+		{
+			std::cout<<"ENVI Header error - data not found for token: "<<get_token(line)<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	std::string get_brace_str(std::string token, std::string line, std::ifstream &file)
+	{
+		//this function assembles all of the characters between curly braces
+		//this is how strings are defined within an ENVI file
+
+		std::string result;
+
+		//first, find the starting brace
+		size_t i;
+		do
+		{
+			i = line.find_first_of('{');
+			if(i != std::string::npos)
+				break;
+		}while(file);
+
+		//if i is still npos, we have reached the end of the file without a brace...something is wrong
+		if(i == std::string::npos)
+		{
+			std::cout<<"ENVI Header error - string token declared without being defined: "<<token<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		line = line.substr(i+1);
+
+		//copy character data into the result string until we find a closing brace
+		while(file)
+		{
+			i = line.find_first_of('}');
+
+
+			if(i != std::string::npos)
+			{
+				result += line.substr(0, i);
+				break;
+			}
+			else
+				result += line;
+
+			getline(file, line);
+		}
+
+		if(i == std::string::npos)
+		{
+			std::cout<<"ENVI Header error - string token declared without a terminating '}': "<<token<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		return trim(result);
+	}
+
+	std::vector<std::string> get_string_seq(std::string token, std::string sequence)
+	{
+		//this function returns a sequence of comma-delimited strings
+		std::vector<std::string> result;
+
+		std::string entry;
+		size_t i;
+		do
+		{
+			i = sequence.find_first_of(',');
+			entry = sequence.substr(0, i);
+			sequence = sequence.substr(i+1);
+			result.push_back(trim(entry));
+		}while(i != std::string::npos);
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	std::vector<double> get_double_seq(std::string token, std::string sequence)
+	{
+		//this function returns a sequence of comma-delimited strings
+		std::vector<double> result;
+		std::string entry;
+		size_t i;
+		do
+		{
+			i = sequence.find_first_of(',');
+			entry = sequence.substr(0, i);
+			sequence = sequence.substr(i+1);
+			result.push_back(atof(entry.c_str()));
+			//std::cout<<entry<<"   ";
+		}while(i != std::string::npos);
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	bool load(std::string filename)
+	{
+		//open the header file
+		std::ifstream file(filename.c_str());
+
+		if(!file)
+		{
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: unable to open header file:   "<<filename<<std::endl;
+            return false;
+		}
+
+		//the first line should just be "ENVI"
+		std::string line;
+		file>>line;
+		if(line != "ENVI")
+		{
+			std::cout<<"ENVI Header Error: The header doesn't appear to be an ENVI file. The first line should be 'ENVI'."<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		//for each line in the file, get the token
+		std::string token;
+
+        //get a line
+        getline(file, line);
+		while(file)
+		{
+
+
+
+			//get the token
+			token = get_token(line);
+
+			if(token == "description")
+				description = get_brace_str(token, line, file);
+			else if(token == "band names")
+			{
+				std::string string_sequence = get_brace_str(token, line, file);
+				band_names = get_string_seq(token, string_sequence);
+			}
+			else if(token == "wavelength")
+			{
+				std::string string_sequence = get_brace_str(token, line, file);
+				wavelength = get_double_seq(token, string_sequence);
+			}
+			else if(token == "pixel size")
+			{
+				std::string string_sequence = get_brace_str(token, line, file);
+				std::vector<double> pxsize = get_double_seq(token, string_sequence);
+				pixel_size[0] = pxsize[0];
+				pixel_size[1] = pxsize[1];
+			}
+			else if(token == "z plot titles")
+			{
+				std::string string_sequence = get_brace_str(token, line, file);
+				std::vector<std::string> titles = get_string_seq(token, string_sequence);
+				z_plot_titles[0] = titles[0];
+				z_plot_titles[1] = titles[1];
+			}
+
+			else if(token == "samples")
+				samples = atoi(get_data_str(line).c_str());
+			else if(token == "lines")
+				lines = atoi(get_data_str(line).c_str());
+			else if(token == "bands")
+				bands = atoi(get_data_str(line).c_str());
+			else if(token == "header offset")
+				header_offset = atoi(get_data_str(line).c_str());
+			else if(token == "file type")
+				file_type = get_data_str(line);
+			else if(token == "data type")
+				data_type = (dataType)atoi(get_data_str(line).c_str());
+			else if(token == "interleave")
+			{
+				std::string interleave_str = get_data_str(line);
+				if(interleave_str == "bip")
+					interleave = BIP;
+				else if(interleave_str == "bil")
+					interleave = BIL;
+				else if(interleave_str == "bsq")
+					interleave = BSQ;
+			}
+			else if(token == "sensor type")
+				sensor_type = get_data_str(line);
+			else if(token == "byte order")
+				byte_order = (endianType)atoi(get_data_str(line).c_str());
+			else if(token == "x start")
+				x_start = atof(get_data_str(line).c_str());
+			else if(token == "y start")
+				y_start = atof(get_data_str(line).c_str());
+			else if(token == "wavelength units")
+				wavelength_units = get_data_str(line);
+
+            //get the next line
+            getline(file, line);
+		}
+
+		//make sure the number of bands matches the number of wavelengths
+		unsigned int wavelengths = wavelength.size();
+		if(wavelengths && bands != wavelengths)
+		{
+            std::cout<<"ENVI Header Error -- Number of wavelengths doesn't match the number of bands.  Bands = "<<bands<<", Wavelengths = "<<wavelength.size()<<std::endl;
+            exit(1);
+        }
+
+		//close the file
+		file.close();
+
+		//set the file name
+		name = filename;
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	void save(std::string filename)
+	{
+		//open a file
+		std::ofstream outfile(filename.c_str());
+
+		//write the ENVI type identifier
+		outfile<<"ENVI"<<std::endl;
+
+		//output all of the data
+		outfile<<"description = {"<<std::endl;
+		outfile<<"  "<<description<<"}"<<std::endl;
+
+		outfile<<"samples = "<<samples<<std::endl;
+		outfile<<"lines = "<<lines<<std::endl;
+		outfile<<"bands = "<<bands<<std::endl;
+		outfile<<"header offset = "<<header_offset<<std::endl;
+		outfile<<"file type = "<<file_type<<std::endl;
+		outfile<<"data type = "<<data_type<<std::endl;
+		outfile<<"interleave = ";
+		if(interleave == BIP)
+			outfile<<"bip";
+		if(interleave == BIL)
+			outfile<<"bil";
+		if(interleave == BSQ)
+			outfile<<"bsq";
+			outfile<<std::endl;
+		outfile<<"sensor type = "<<sensor_type<<std::endl;
+		outfile<<"byte order = "<<byte_order<<std::endl;
+		outfile<<"x start = "<<x_start<<std::endl;
+		outfile<<"y start = "<<y_start<<std::endl;
+		outfile<<"wavelength units = "<<wavelength_units<<std::endl;
+		outfile<<"z plot titles = {";
+			outfile<<z_plot_titles[0]<<", "<<z_plot_titles[1]<<"}"<<std::endl;
+		outfile<<"pixel size = {"<<pixel_size[0]<<", "<<pixel_size[1]<<", units=Meters}"<<std::endl;
+		if(band_names.size() > 0)
+		{
+			outfile<<"band names = {"<<std::endl;
+			for(unsigned int i=0; i<band_names.size(); i++)
+			{
+				outfile<<band_names[i];
+				if(i < band_names.size() - 1)
+					outfile<<", ";
+			}
+			outfile<<"}"<<std::endl;
+		}
+		//if there is a list of wavelengths, output it
+		if(wavelength.size()){
+			outfile<<"wavelength = {"<<std::endl;
+				for(unsigned int i=0; i<wavelength.size()-1; i++)
+					outfile<<wavelength[i]<<", ";
+				outfile<<wavelength.back()<<"}"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		outfile.close();
+	}
+
+	void save()
+	{
+        //std::cout<<"ENVI Header Name: "<<name<<std::endl;
+		save(name);
+	}
+
+	//returns the size of a single value (in bytes)
+	unsigned int valsize()
+	{
+		switch(data_type)
+		{
+		case int8:			//1 = 8-bit byte
+			return 1;
+		case int16:			//16-bit signed integer
+		case uint16:		//16-bit unsigned integer
+			return 2;
+		case int32:			//32-bit signed long integer
+		case float32:		//32-bit floating point
+		case uint32:		//32-bit unsigned long integer
+			return 4;
+		case float64:		//64-bit double-precision floating point
+		case complex32:		//32-bit complex value
+		case int64:		    //64-bit signed long integer
+		case uint64:		//64-bit unsigned long integer
+			return 8;
+		case complex64:		//64-bit complex value
+			return 16;
+		default:
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+	}
+};		//end EnviHeader
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/gl/error.h b/stim/gl/error.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9324ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/gl/error.h
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#ifndef RTS_OPENGL_ERROR
+#define RTS_OPENGL_ERROR
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <GL/gl.h>
+#include <GL/glu.h>
+
+#define CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR \
+{ GLenum error; \
+   while ( (error = glGetError()) != GL_NO_ERROR) { \
+   printf( "OpenGL ERROR: %s\nCHECK POINT: %s (line %d)\n", gluErrorString(error), __FILE__, __LINE__ ); \
+   } \
+}
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/gl/gl_spider.h b/stim/gl/gl_spider.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c28c257
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/gl/gl_spider.h
@@ -0,0 +1,580 @@
+#ifndef STIM_GL_SPIDER_H
+#define STIM_GL_SPIDER_H
+
+#include <GL/glew.h>
+#include <GL/glut.h>
+#include <cuda.h>
+#include <cuda_gl_interop.h>
+#include <cudaGL.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include "gl_texture.h"
+#include "../visualization/camera.h"
+#include "./error.h"
+#include "../math/vector.h"
+#include "../math/rect.h"
+#include "../cuda/cost.h"
+#include "../cuda/glbind.h"
+
+namespace stim
+{
+
+template<typename T>
+class gl_spider : public virtual gl_texture<T>
+{
+	//doen't use gl_texture really, just needs the GLuint id.
+	//doesn't even need the texture iD really.
+	private:
+		stim::camera rotator;
+		stim::vec<float> position;  	//vector designating the position of the spider.
+		stim::vec<float> direction;	//vector designating the orientation of the spider
+						//always a unit vector.
+		stim::vec<float> magnitude;	//magnitude of the direction vector.
+						//mag[0] = length.
+						//mag[1] = width.
+		using gl_texture<T>::texID;
+		//float (*S)[][];
+		//using image_stack<T>::S;
+		cudaArray* c_Array;
+		//void** devPtr;
+		//size_t size;
+		cudaGraphicsResource_t resource;
+		GLuint fboID;
+		GLuint texbufferID;
+
+		void
+		findOptimalDirection()
+		{
+			/* Method for finding the best direction for the spider.
+			   Uses the camera to rotate. Then Calls Evaluate to find new cost.
+			*/
+		}
+
+		void
+		findOptimalPosition()
+		{
+			/* Method for finding the best direction for the spider.
+			   Not sure if necessary since the next position for the spider
+			   will be at direction * magnitude. */
+		}
+	
+		void
+		findOptimalScale()
+		{
+			/* Method for finding the best scale for the spider.
+			   changes the x, y, z size of the spider to minimize the cost
+			   function. */
+		}
+
+		void
+		Evaluate()
+		{	
+			/* Uses uniform sampler2D in order to take a difference between
+			   the colors of two textures. 1st texture is the spider template,
+			   the 2nd is the location of the spider's overlap with the
+			   gl_template 
+	
+			   does the spider need to track it's location? Prob not since
+			   position can be set with gl_texture coordinates */
+		
+		}
+		
+		void
+		Optimize()
+		{
+			/*find the optimum direction and scale */ 
+		}
+		/*
+		void
+		Step()
+		{
+			// move to the new position 
+		}
+		*/
+		
+		void
+		GenerateFBO(unsigned int width, unsigned int height)
+		{
+			glGenFramebuffers(1, &fboID);
+			glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fboID);
+			int numChannels = 1;
+			unsigned char* texels = new unsigned char[width * height * numChannels];
+			glGenTextures(1, &texbufferID);
+			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texbufferID);
+			glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
+			glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
+			glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+			glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+			glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_LUMINANCE,
+				 width, height, 0, GL_LUMINANCE, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, texels);   
+			delete[] texels;
+			glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0); 
+			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+		}
+
+		void
+		UpdateBuffer(float v_x, float v_y)
+		{	
+			//std::cout << v_y << std::endl;
+			float len = 10.0;
+			stim::vec<float>p1; 
+        	        stim::vec<float>p2; 
+	                stim::vec<float>p3; 
+                	stim::vec<float>p4;	
+			p1 = hor.p(1,1);
+			p2 = hor.p(1,0);
+			p3 = hor.p(0,0);
+			p4 = hor.p(0,1);
+			glBegin(GL_QUADS);
+				glTexCoord3f(
+					p1[0],
+					p1[1],
+					p1[2]
+					);
+				//glVertex2f(0.0,0.0);
+				glVertex2f(v_x,v_y);
+				glTexCoord3f(
+					p2[0],
+					p2[1],
+					p2[2]
+					);
+				//glVertex2f(1.0, 0.0);
+				glVertex2f(v_x+len, v_y);
+				glTexCoord3f(
+					p3[0],
+					p3[1],
+					p3[2]
+					);
+				//glVertex2f(1.0, 2.0);
+				glVertex2f(v_x+len, v_y+len);
+				glTexCoord3f(
+					p4[0],
+					p4[1],
+					p4[2]
+					);
+				//glVertex2f(0.0, 2.0);
+				glVertex2f(v_x, v_y+len);
+			 glEnd();
+			 p1 = ver.p(1,1);
+			 p2 = ver.p(1,0);
+			 p3 = ver.p(0,0);
+			 p4 = ver.p(0,1);
+		 	 glBegin(GL_QUADS);
+				glTexCoord3f(
+					p1[0],
+					p1[1],
+					p1[2]
+					);
+				//glVertex2f(1.0, 0.0);
+				glVertex2f(v_x+len, v_y);
+				glTexCoord3f(
+					p2[0],
+					p2[1],
+					p2[2]
+					);
+				//glVertex2f(2.0, 0.0);
+				glVertex2f(v_x+2*len, v_y);
+				glTexCoord3f(
+					p3[0],
+					p3[1],
+					p3[2]
+					);
+				//glVertex2f(2.0, 2.0);
+				glVertex2f(v_x+2*len, v_y+len);
+				glTexCoord3f(
+					p4[0],
+					p4[1],
+					p4[2]
+					);
+				//glVertex2f(1.0, 2.0);
+				glVertex2f(v_x+len, v_y+len);
+			glEnd();
+		}
+
+		void
+		Update(float v_x, float v_y, vec<float> dir)
+		{
+			vec<float> Y(1.0,0.0,0.0);
+			if(cos(Y.dot(dir))< 0.087){
+				Y[0] = 0.0; Y[1] = 1.0;}
+			hor = stim::rect<float>(magnitude, position, dir.norm(),
+				((Y.cross(dir)).cross(dir)).norm());
+			ver = stim::rect<float>(magnitude, position, dir.norm(),
+				 hor.n());
+			UpdateBuffer(v_x, v_y);
+		}
+
+
+		void
+		Sample(vec<float> in = (0,0,1), int numSamples = 1089, int solidAngle = M_PI/2)
+		{
+			GenerateFBO(20, numSamples*10);
+
+			float samples[numSamples][3];    	//Set up the variables
+							 	//necessary for sample generation
+			vec<float> d_s = in.cart2sph();
+			vec<float> temp;
+			int dim = (sqrt(numSamples)-1)/2;
+			std::cout << dim << std::endl;
+			float y_0 	= 0.0;
+			float len 	= 10.0;
+			float p0  	= M_PI/3;
+			float dt  	= solidAngle/(1.0 * dim);
+			float dp  	= p0/(1.0*dim);
+	
+			
+			glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fboID);//set up GL buffer		
+			glFramebufferTexture2D(
+				GL_FRAMEBUFFER,
+				GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,
+				GL_TEXTURE_2D,
+				texbufferID,
+				0);
+			glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fboID);
+			GLenum DrawBuffers[1] = {GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0};
+			glDrawBuffers(1, DrawBuffers);
+			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texbufferID);
+			glClearColor(0,0,0,0);
+			glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
+			glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
+			glLoadIdentity();
+			glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
+			glLoadIdentity();
+			glViewport(0,0,2.0*len, numSamples*len);
+			gluOrtho2D(0.0,2.0*len,0.0,numSamples*len);
+			glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_3D);
+			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_3D, texID);
+			
+			//Loop over the samples
+			int idx;
+			for(int i = -dim; i <= dim; i++){
+				for(int j = -dim; j <= dim; j++){
+					//Create linear index
+					idx = (i+dim)*(dim*2+1) + (j+dim);
+		//			std::cerr << i+dim << "," << j+dim << ":" << idx << std::endl;
+
+					temp[0] = 1; 			//rotate vector
+					temp[1] = d_s[1]+dt*i;
+					temp[2] = d_s[2]+dp*j;
+
+					temp = temp.sph2cart();		//back to cart
+					samples[idx][0] = temp[0];	//save sample vector
+					samples[idx][1] = temp[1];
+					samples[idx][2] = temp[2];
+
+					Update(0.0, y_0+(idx)*10, temp); 
+				}
+			}
+			//Finalize GL_buffer
+			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_3D, 0);                      
+			glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_3D);
+			glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER,0);
+			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+		}
+
+	public:
+
+		stim::rect<float> hor;
+		stim::rect<float> ver;	
+
+
+		gl_spider
+		()
+		{
+			setPosition(0.0,0.0,0.0);
+			setDirection(1.0,1.0,1.0);
+			setMagnitude(0.1,0.1);
+			//GenerateFBO(400,200);
+			//Update();
+		}
+
+		gl_spider
+		(vec<float> pos, vec<float> dir, vec<float> mag)
+		{
+			position = pos;
+			direction = dir;
+			magnitude = mag;
+			//GenerateFBO(400,200);
+			//Update();
+		}
+		//temporary cost for convenience.	
+		gl_spider
+		(float pos_x, float pos_y, float pos_z, float dir_x, float dir_y, float dir_z,
+			float mag_x, float mag_y)
+		{
+			setPosition(pos_x, pos_y, pos_z);
+			setDirection(dir_x, dir_y, dir_z);
+			setMagnitude(mag_x, mag_y);
+			//GenerateFBO(400,200);
+			//Update();
+		}
+		
+		void
+		attachSpider(GLuint id)
+		{
+			texID = id;
+			Sample(direction);
+			//GenerateFBO(20,10000);
+		//	Update();
+		//	generateVectorField(direction, 4.0);
+		}
+
+		void
+		Update()
+		{
+			vec<float> Y(1.0,0.0,0.0);
+			if(cos(Y.dot(direction))< 0.087){
+				Y[0] = 0.0; Y[1] = 1.0;}
+			hor = stim::rect<float>(magnitude, position, direction.norm(),
+				((Y.cross(direction)).cross(direction)).norm());
+			ver = stim::rect<float>(magnitude, position, direction.norm(),
+				 hor.n());
+			//UpdateBuffer();
+			generateVectorField(direction, 4.0);
+		}
+
+		
+		vec<float>
+		getPosition()
+		{
+			return position;
+		}
+	
+		vec<float>
+		getDirection()
+		{
+			return direction;
+		}
+
+		vec<float>
+		getMagnitude()
+		{
+			return magnitude;
+		}
+	
+		void
+		setPosition(vec<float> pos)
+		{
+			position = pos;
+		}
+		
+		void
+		setPosition(float x, float y, float z)
+		{
+			position[0] = x;
+			position[1] = y;
+			position[2] = z;
+		}
+
+		void
+		setDirection(vec<float> dir)
+		{
+			direction = dir;
+		}
+		
+		void
+		setDirection(float x, float y, float z)
+		{
+			direction[0] = x;
+			direction[1] = y;
+			direction[2] = z;
+		}
+		
+		void
+		setMagnitude(vec<float> mag)
+		{
+			magnitude = mag;
+		}
+		
+		void
+		setMagnitude(float x, float y)
+		{
+			magnitude[0] = x;
+			magnitude[1] = y;
+		}
+	
+		GLuint
+		getFB()
+		{
+			return fboID;
+		}
+
+		void
+		Step()
+		{
+			std::cout << position[0] << "," << position[1] << "," << position[1]
+				<< std::endl;
+			setPosition(direction*magnitude[1]/2+position);
+			Update();
+			std::cout << position[0] << "," << position[1] << "," << position[1]
+				<< std::endl;
+			
+		}
+
+		void
+		UpdateBuffer()
+		{	
+			stim::vec<float>p1; 
+        	        stim::vec<float>p2; 
+	                stim::vec<float>p3; 
+                	stim::vec<float>p4;	
+			glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fboID);
+			glFramebufferTexture2D(
+				GL_FRAMEBUFFER,
+				GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,
+				GL_TEXTURE_2D,
+				texbufferID,
+				0);
+			glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fboID);
+			GLenum DrawBuffers[1] = {GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0};
+			glDrawBuffers(1, DrawBuffers);
+			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texbufferID);
+			glClearColor(0,0,0,0);
+			glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
+			glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
+			glLoadIdentity();
+			glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
+			glLoadIdentity();
+			glViewport(0,0,400,200);
+			gluOrtho2D(0.0,2.0,0.0,2.0);
+			glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_3D);
+			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_3D, texID);
+			p1 = hor.p(1,1);
+			p2 = hor.p(1,0);
+			p3 = hor.p(0,0);
+			p4 = hor.p(0,1);
+			glBegin(GL_QUADS);
+				glTexCoord3f(
+					p1[0],
+					p1[1],
+					p1[2]
+					);
+				glVertex2f(0.0,0.0);
+				glTexCoord3f(
+					p2[0],
+					p2[1],
+					p2[2]
+					);
+				glVertex2f(1.0, 0.0);
+				glTexCoord3f(
+					p3[0],
+					p3[1],
+					p3[2]
+					);
+				glVertex2f(1.0, 2.0);
+				glTexCoord3f(
+					p4[0],
+					p4[1],
+					p4[2]
+					);
+				glVertex2f(0.0, 2.0);
+			 glEnd();
+			 p1 = ver.p(1,1);
+			 p2 = ver.p(1,0);
+			 p3 = ver.p(0,0);
+			 p4 = ver.p(0,1);
+		 	 glBegin(GL_QUADS);
+				glTexCoord3f(
+					p1[0],
+					p1[1],
+					p1[2]
+					);
+				glVertex2f(1.0, 0.0);
+				glTexCoord3f(
+					p2[0],
+					p2[1],
+					p2[2]
+					);
+				glVertex2f(2.0, 0.0);
+				glTexCoord3f(
+					p3[0],
+					p3[1],
+					p3[2]
+					);
+				glVertex2f(2.0, 2.0);
+				glTexCoord3f(
+					p4[0],
+					p4[1],
+					p4[2]
+					);
+				glVertex2f(1.0, 2.0);
+			glEnd();
+			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_3D, 0);                      
+			glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_3D);
+			glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER,0);
+			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+		}
+
+		
+		void
+		generateVectorField(stim::vec<float> d, float dim)
+		{
+			vec<float> d_s = d.cart2sph();
+			vec<float> temp;
+			float Dim 	= (float) dim;
+			float y_0 	= 0.0;
+			float x_0 	= 0.0;
+			float len 	= 4.0/(2.0*Dim+1.0);
+			float t0  	= M_PI/2;
+			float p0  	= M_PI/3;
+			float dt  	= t0/Dim;
+			float dp  	= p0/Dim;
+			for(int i = -dim; i <= dim; i++){
+				for(int j = -dim; j <= dim; j++){
+					//field[i+dim][j+dim][0] = d[0];
+					//field[i+dim][j+dim][1] = d[1]+dt*i;
+					//field[i+dim][j+dim][2] = d[2]+dp*j;
+					temp[0] = 1;
+					temp[1] = d_s[1]+dt*i;
+					temp[2] = d_s[2]+dp*j;
+					temp = temp.sph2cart();
+					Update(x_0+2.0*(i+dim)*len, y_0+(j+dim)*len, temp); 
+				}
+			}
+			
+		}
+		                                                                   
+
+
+
+		void
+		initCuda()
+		{	
+			stim::cudaSetDevice();
+			GLint max;
+			glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE, &max);
+			std::cout << max << std::endl;
+		}
+		
+		void
+		createResource()
+		{
+			HANDLE_ERROR(
+				cudaGraphicsGLRegisterImage(
+					 &resource,
+				 	texbufferID,
+				 	GL_TEXTURE_2D,
+				 	//CU_GRAPHICS_REGISTER_FLAGS_NONE)
+					cudaGraphicsMapFlagsReadOnly)
+			);
+		} 
+		
+		void
+		destroyResource()
+		{
+			HANDLE_ERROR(
+				cudaGraphicsUnregisterResource(resource)
+			);		
+		}
+
+
+		int
+		getCost()
+		{
+			createResource();
+			int cost = 	get_cost(resource);
+			destroyResource();
+			return cost;
+		}
+};
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/gl/gl_texture.h b/stim/gl/gl_texture.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d99164c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/gl/gl_texture.h
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+#ifndef STIM_GL_TEXTURE_H
+#define STIM_GL_TEXTURE_H
+
+
+
+
+/*
+includes not necessary (yet)
+
+#include <iterator>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+
+*/
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+#include "../grids/image_stack.h"
+#include <GL/glut.h>
+//#include <GL/glext.h>
+#include "./error.h"	
+namespace stim{
+
+/*
+class gl_texture
+	Uses image_stack class in order to create a texture object.
+*/
+
+template<typename T>
+class gl_texture : public virtual image_stack<T>
+{
+	private:
+		/*
+		Method: setTextureType
+		Inputs:
+		Outputs:
+			Sets the internal texture_type, based on the data
+			size. Either 3D, 2D, 1D textures.
+		*/
+
+		void
+		setTextureType()
+		{
+			if (R[3] > 1)
+				texture_type = GL_TEXTURE_3D;
+			else if (R[3] == 1 && R[2] == 0)
+				texture_type = GL_TEXTURE_1D;
+			else if (R[3] == 1)
+				texture_type = GL_TEXTURE_2D;
+		}
+	protected:
+		std::string path;
+		GLuint texID;				//OpenGL object
+		GLenum texture_type;			//1D, 2D, 3D
+		using image_stack<T>::R;
+		using image_stack<T>::ptr;
+		using image_stack<T>::samples;
+
+	public:
+
+		/*
+		Method: Basic Constructor
+		Inputs:
+		Outputs:
+			Creates an instance of the gl_texture object.
+		*/
+		gl_texture()
+		{
+		
+		}
+
+		/*
+		Method: Path Constructor
+		Inputs: string file_path
+		Outputs:
+			Creates an instance of the gl_texture object with a path to the data.
+		*/
+
+		gl_texture(std::string file_path)
+		{
+			path = file_path;
+			image_stack<T>::load_images(path.append("/*.jpg"));
+			setTextureType();
+		}
+
+		/*
+		Method: setPath
+		Inputs:string file_Path
+		Outputs:
+			sets the protected path variable of an instance of the gl_texture class
+			to the method input.
+		*/
+
+		void
+		setPath(std::string file_path)
+		{
+			path = file_path;
+			image_stack<T>::load_images(path.append("/*.jpg"));
+			setTextureType();
+		}
+		
+		/*
+		Method: getPath
+		Inputs:
+		Outputs: string path
+			Returns the path associated with an instance of the gl_texture class.
+		*/
+
+		std::string
+		getPath()
+		{
+			return path;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		Method: getTexture
+		Inputs:
+		Outputs: GLuint texID
+			Returns the id of the texture create by/associated with the 
+			instance of the gl_texture class.
+		*/
+				
+		GLuint
+		getTexture()
+		{
+			return texID;
+		}
+	
+		/*
+		Method: createTexture
+		Inputs:
+		Outputs:
+			Creates a texture and from the data located at <path> and
+			assigns that texture to texID
+		*/
+		//TO DO :::: 1D textures
+	        //TO DO:::add methods for handling the cases of T
+		// and convert them to GL equivalent.
+		// i.e. an overloaded function that handles paramenter conversion.	
+		void
+		createTexture()
+		{
+			glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT,1);
+			glGenTextures(1, &texID);
+			glBindTexture(texture_type, texID);
+			glTexParameteri(texture_type,
+				 GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,
+				 GL_LINEAR);
+			glTexParameteri(texture_type,
+				 GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,
+				 GL_LINEAR);
+			switch(texture_type)
+			{
+				case GL_TEXTURE_3D:
+					glTexParameteri(texture_type,
+						 GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
+					glTexParameteri(texture_type,
+						 GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
+					glTexParameteri(texture_type,
+						 GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R, GL_REPEAT);
+					glTexImage3D(texture_type,
+						0,
+					//	GL_RGB16,
+						1,
+						R[1],
+						R[2],
+						R[3],
+						0,
+						GL_LUMINANCE,
+						GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 
+						ptr);
+					//GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE can be TYPES, convert to GL equivalents
+					glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT,1);
+					break;
+				case GL_TEXTURE_2D:
+					glTexParameteri(texture_type,
+						 GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
+					glTexParameteri(texture_type,
+						 GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
+					glTexImage2D(texture_type,
+						0,
+						1,
+						R[1],
+						R[2],
+						0,
+						GL_LUMINANCE,
+						GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 
+						ptr);
+					break;
+			}
+		}
+		/*
+			Temporary methods for debugging and testing are below.
+			Self-explanatory.
+		*/
+		stim::vec<unsigned long,4>
+		getDims()
+		{
+			return R;
+		}
+		
+		T*
+		getData()
+		{
+			return ptr;
+		}
+		
+
+		
+	};
+}
+
+
+	
+	
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/gl/rtsSourceCode.h b/stim/gl/rtsSourceCode.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ff6c25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/gl/rtsSourceCode.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#ifndef RTSSOURCECODE_H
+#define RTSSOURCECODE_H
+
+#include <string>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <vector>
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+///This class defines generic source code that can be loaded from text files.  It is primarily used by the rts_glShaderProgram class for GLSL programming.
+
+class rtsSourceCode
+{
+public:
+	vector<string> source;			//the actual source code
+	void clear()					///<Clears any current source code from the class.
+	{
+		source.clear();
+	}
+	void LoadSource(const char* filename)	///<Loads source code from a specified file.
+	{
+		ifstream infile;		//create an input file
+		infile.open(filename);	//load the specified file
+	
+		if(!infile.is_open())	//if the file is not open, exit
+		{
+			return;
+		}
+		source.clear();			//remove any previous code
+
+		while(!infile.eof())
+		{
+			string current_line;		
+			getline(infile, current_line);
+			current_line += '\n';
+			source.push_back(current_line);
+		}
+	}
+	rtsSourceCode(const char* filename)	///<Constructor creates the class and loads source code from the specified file.
+	{
+		LoadSource(filename);
+	}
+	rtsSourceCode(){}						///<Constructor creates a blank class.
+	rtsSourceCode& operator+=(const rtsSourceCode& rhs)
+	{
+		int lines = rhs.source.size();
+		for(int l=0; l<lines; l++)
+			source.push_back(rhs.source[l]);
+		return *this;
+	}
+	rtsSourceCode& operator+=(const string& rhs)
+	{
+		source.push_back(rhs);
+		return *this;
+	}
+	void ConsoleOut()						///<Sends the source code to the standard output.
+	{
+		unsigned int lines = source.size();
+		for(unsigned int l = 0; l<lines; l++)
+			cout<<l<<":  "<<source[l];
+	}
+};
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/gl/rts_glShaderObject.h b/stim/gl/rts_glShaderObject.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85a96c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/gl/rts_glShaderObject.h
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+#ifndef RTS_GLSHADERS
+#define RTS_GLSHADERS
+
+#include <GL/glew.h>
+//#include "windows.h"
+#include <GL/gl.h>
+#include "rtsSourceCode.h"
+
+class rts_glShaderObject
+{
+private:
+	void init()
+	{
+		id = 0;
+		compiled = false;
+		type = GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER;
+	}
+public:
+	bool compiled;
+	GLenum type;
+	rtsSourceCode source;
+	GLuint id;
+	string log;
+
+	rts_glShaderObject(GLenum type, const char* filename)
+	{
+		init();					//initialize the shader
+		SetType(type);	//set the shader type
+		LoadSource(filename);	//load the source code
+	}
+	rts_glShaderObject(GLenum type, rtsSourceCode sourceCode)
+	{
+		init();					//initialize the shader
+		SetType(type);	//set the shader type
+		source = sourceCode;
+	}
+	rts_glShaderObject()
+	{
+		init();
+	}
+	rts_glShaderObject(GLenum type)
+	{
+		init();
+		SetType(type);
+	}
+	void LoadSource(const char* filename)
+	{
+		source = rtsSourceCode(filename);	//get the shader source code
+
+	}
+	void SetType(GLenum type)
+	{
+		if(id != 0)					//if a shader currently exists, delete it
+		{
+			glDeleteShader(id);
+			id = 0;
+		}
+		type = type;
+		id = glCreateShader(type);		//create a shader object
+		if(id == 0)						//if a shader was not created, log an error
+		{
+			log = "Error getting shader ID from OpenGL";
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+	void UploadSource()
+	{
+		//create the structure for the shader source code
+		GLsizei count = source.source.size();
+		GLchar** code_string = new GLchar*[count];
+		GLint* length = new GLint[count];
+		for(int l = 0; l<count; l++)	//for each line of code
+		{
+			length[l] = source.source[l].size();
+			code_string[l] = new GLchar[length[l]];	//copy the string into a new structure
+			source.source[l].copy(code_string[l], (unsigned int)length[l]);
+
+		}
+		glShaderSource(id, count, (const GLchar**)code_string, length);		//attach the shader source
+	}
+	void Compile()
+	{
+		/*
+		This function compiles the shader source code, records any errors to a log, and sets the compiled flag.
+		*/
+		//send the source code to the GPU
+		UploadSource();
+
+		//compile the shader
+		glCompileShader(id);												//compile the shader
+		GLint compile_status;
+		glGetShaderiv(id, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &compile_status);				//get the compile status
+		if(compile_status != GL_TRUE)	//if there was an error
+		{
+			GLchar buffer[1000];		//create a log buffer
+			GLsizei length;
+			glGetShaderInfoLog(id, 1000, &length, buffer);	//get the log
+			log = buffer;
+			compiled = false;
+		}
+		else
+			compiled = true;
+
+	}
+	void PrintLog()
+	{
+		cout<<log;
+		if(log.size() != 0) cout<<endl;
+	}
+	void Clean(){if(id != 0) glDeleteShader(id);}
+};
+
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/gl/rts_glShaderProgram.h b/stim/gl/rts_glShaderProgram.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a39f375
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/gl/rts_glShaderProgram.h
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+#ifndef RTS_GLSHADERPROGRAM_H
+#define RTS_GLSHADERPROGRAM_H
+
+/*********************************************************
+//create a shader program
+	rts_glShaderProgram myProgram;
+//initialize
+	myProgram.Init();
+//Attach shaders
+	myProgram.AttachShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, "filename.glsl");
+//Compile and link
+	myProgram.Compile();
+	myProgram.Link();
+	myProgram.PrintLog();
+//attach uniform variables
+	myProgram.AttachTextureMap("texture", texture);
+	myProgram.AttachGlobalUniform("light_intensity", &intensity);
+
+//use the program
+	myProgram.BeginProgram();
+	//render
+	myProgram.EndProgram();
+**********************************************************/
+
+
+#include "rts_glShaderObject.h"
+#include "rts_glShaderUniform.h"
+#include "rts_glTextureMap.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+class rts_glShaderProgram
+{
+private:
+	void get_uniforms()
+	{
+		GLint num_uniforms;
+		glGetProgramiv(id, GL_ACTIVE_UNIFORMS, &num_uniforms);		//get the number of uniform variables
+		GLint max_name_length;
+		glGetProgramiv(id, GL_ACTIVE_UNIFORM_MAX_LENGTH, &max_name_length);	//get the maximum uniform name length
+		GLchar* name_buffer = new GLchar[max_name_length];			//create a buffer to store the name
+		GLsizei length;						//I'm not using these yet
+		GLint size;
+		GLenum type;						//variable's data type
+		GLint location;						//GPU location of the variable
+		for(int i=0; i<num_uniforms; i++)		//create an rts_glShaderUniform structure for each variable
+		{
+			glGetActiveUniform(id, i, max_name_length, &length, &size, &type, name_buffer);	//get the uniform information
+			location = glGetUniformLocation(id, name_buffer);		//get the GPU location of the variable
+			//create the rts_glShaderUniform structure
+			rts_glShaderUniform current;
+			current.location = location;
+			current.name = name_buffer;
+			current.type = type;
+			current.p_value = NULL;
+
+
+			uniform_list.push_back(current);
+		}
+
+	}
+	int get_index(const char* name)
+	{
+		unsigned int size = uniform_list.size();
+		for(unsigned int i=0; i<size; i++)
+		{
+			if(uniform_list[i].name == name)
+				return i;
+		}
+		return -1;
+	}
+	string log;
+public:
+	GLuint id;
+	bool linked;
+	vector<rts_glShaderObject> shader_list;	//list of opengl shaders
+	vector<rts_glShaderUniform> uniform_list;	//list of active uniform variables
+	vector<rts_glTextureMap> texture_list;		//list of texture maps
+
+	rts_glShaderProgram()
+	{
+		linked = false;
+		id = 0;
+	}
+	void AttachShader(rts_glShaderObject shader)
+	{
+		if(id == 0)
+		{
+			Init();
+		}
+		if(shader.id == 0)	//if the shader is invalid
+		{
+			log = "Shader is invalid";
+			return;
+		}
+
+		//attach the shader to the program
+		glAttachShader(id, shader.id);			//attach the shader to the program in OpenGL
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		shader_list.push_back(shader);			//push the shader onto our list for later access
+	}
+	//type = GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER or GL_VERTEX_SHADER
+	void AttachShader(GLenum type, const char* filename)
+	{
+		rts_glShaderObject shader(type, filename);
+		AttachShader(shader);
+	}
+	void AttachShader(GLenum type, rtsSourceCode source)
+	{
+		rts_glShaderObject shader(type, source);
+		AttachShader(shader);
+	}
+	void PrintLog()
+	{
+		cout<<log;
+
+		if(log.size() != 0) cout<<endl;
+	}
+	void Compile()
+	{
+		if(shader_list.size() == 0)
+		{
+			log = "No shaders to compile";
+			return;
+		}
+
+		vector<rts_glShaderObject>::iterator iter;
+		for(iter = shader_list.begin(); iter != shader_list.end(); iter++)
+		{
+			(*iter).Compile();
+			//(*iter).PrintLog();
+		}
+	}
+	void Link()
+	{
+		glLinkProgram(id);				//link the current shader program
+		GLint link_status;				//test to see if the link went alright
+		glGetProgramiv(id, GL_LINK_STATUS, &link_status);
+		if(link_status != GL_TRUE)
+		{
+			linked = false;
+		}
+		else
+			linked = true;
+
+		GLsizei length;
+		GLchar buffer[1000];
+		glGetProgramInfoLog(id, 1000, &length, buffer);
+		log = buffer;
+
+		get_uniforms();			//create the list of active uniform variables
+	}
+	void BeginProgram()
+	{
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		if(id == 0)				//if the program is invalid, return
+		{
+			log = "Invalid program, cannot use.";
+			return;
+		}
+		if(!linked)
+		{
+			cout<<"Shader Program used without being linked."<<endl;
+			//exit(1);
+		}
+
+		//set up all of the texture maps
+		int num_textures = texture_list.size();
+
+		for(int t=0; t<num_textures; t++)
+		{
+			glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + t);
+			CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+			//glEnable(texture_list[t].texture_type);
+			//CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+			glBindTexture(texture_list[t].texture_type, texture_list[t].name);
+			CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		}
+
+		glUseProgram(id);
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+	}
+	void EndProgram()
+	{
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		//return standard functionality
+		int num_textures = texture_list.size();
+
+		//disable all texture units
+		for(int t=0; t<num_textures; t++)
+		{
+			glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + t);
+			glDisable(texture_list[t].texture_type);
+			CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		}
+		//make sure that the single default texture unit is active
+		if(num_textures > 0)
+			glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+
+		//return to OpenGL default shading
+		glUseProgram(0);
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+	}
+	void PrintUniforms()
+	{
+		cout<<"Shader Uniforms: "<<endl;
+		unsigned int i;
+		for(i=0; i<uniform_list.size(); i++)
+		{
+			cout<<i<<":  "<<uniform_list[i].name<<"          "<<uniform_list[i].location<<endl;
+		}
+	}
+	void AttachGlobalUniform(unsigned int index, void* param)		//attaches a global variable to the indexed uniform parameter
+	{
+		uniform_list[index].p_value = param;
+	}
+	void AttachGlobalUniform(const char* name, void* param)
+	{
+		//find the index of the shader
+		int index = get_index(name);
+		if(index != -1)
+			AttachGlobalUniform(index, param);
+		else
+		{
+			string strError = "Error finding uniform variable: ";
+			strError += name;
+			cout<<strError<<endl;
+		}
+	}
+	void AttachTextureMap(unsigned int index, rts_glTextureMap texture)	//attaches a texture map to the program
+	{
+		//if there is not a texture map assigned to the variable
+		if(uniform_list[index].p_value == NULL)
+		{
+			uniform_list[index].p_value = new unsigned int[1];
+			((unsigned int*)uniform_list[index].p_value)[0] = texture_list.size();		//set the parameter value to the index of the texture
+			texture_list.push_back(texture);						//add the texture to the texture list
+		}
+		//if there is a texture map assigned, replace it
+		else
+		{
+			texture_list[((unsigned int*)(uniform_list[index].p_value))[0]] = texture;
+		}
+
+	}
+	void AttachTextureMap(const char* name, rts_glTextureMap texture)
+	{
+		int index = get_index(name);
+		if(index != -1)		//make sure that the uniform index is valid
+			AttachTextureMap(index, texture);
+		else
+			cout<<"Error finding texture index.  Try linking."<<endl;
+	}
+	void UpdateGlobalUniforms()									//sends updated uniform information to the GPU
+	{
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		BeginProgram();
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		unsigned int num = uniform_list.size();
+		for(unsigned int i=0; i<num; i++)
+			uniform_list[i].submit_to_gpu();
+		EndProgram();
+	}
+	void Init()	//Initialize the shader program
+	{
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		if(id != 0)
+			Clean();
+		id = glCreateProgram();
+		if(id == 0)
+			log = "Error getting program ID from OpenGL";
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+	}
+	void Clean()
+	{
+		if(id != 0)
+			glDeleteProgram(id);
+		id = 0;
+
+		//these are allocated outside the object and can just be cleared
+		uniform_list.clear();
+		texture_list.clear();
+
+		//delete each shader from OpenGL
+		int num_shad = shader_list.size();
+		for(int i=0; i<num_shad; i++)
+			shader_list[i].Clean();
+		//clear the list
+		shader_list.clear();
+	}
+};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/gl/rts_glShaderUniform.h b/stim/gl/rts_glShaderUniform.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..804da30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/gl/rts_glShaderUniform.h
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#ifndef RTS_GLSHADERUNIFORM_H
+#define RTS_GLSHADERUNIFORM_H
+
+#include "CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR.h"
+#include <GL/glew.h>
+#include <string>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+enum rtsUniformEnum {RTS_FLOAT, RTS_INT, RTS_BOOL, RTS_FLOAT_MATRIX};
+
+///This class stores a single uniform variable for GLSL and is designed to be used by the rts_glShaderProgram class.
+struct rts_glShaderUniform
+{
+public:
+	string name;		//the name of the variable
+	GLint location;		//the location in the program
+	void* p_value;		//pointer to the global data representing the value in main memory
+	GLenum type;		//variable type (float, int, vec2, etc.)
+	//rtsUniformEnum rts_type;	//type of variable in rts format
+	//unsigned int num;		//the number of values required by the variable (1 for float, 2 for vec2, etc.)
+	string log;
+
+	//void convert_type(GLenum gl_type);		//converts the OpenGL data type to something useful for rts
+	void submit_to_gpu()
+	{
+		if(location < 0)
+			return;
+		if(p_value == NULL)
+		{
+			cout<<"Error in uniform address: "<<name<<endl;
+			return;
+		}
+	
+
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		switch(type)
+		{
+		case GL_FLOAT:
+			glUniform1fv(location, 1, (float*)p_value);
+			break;
+		case GL_FLOAT_VEC2:
+			glUniform2fv(location, 1, (float*)p_value);
+			break;
+		case GL_FLOAT_VEC3:
+			glUniform3fv(location, 1, (float*)p_value);
+			break;
+		case GL_FLOAT_VEC4:
+			glUniform4fv(location, 1, (float*)p_value);
+			break;
+		case GL_INT:
+			glUniform1iv(location, 1, (int*)p_value);
+			break;
+		case GL_INT_VEC2:
+			glUniform2iv(location, 1, (int*)p_value);
+			break;
+		case GL_INT_VEC3:
+			glUniform3iv(location, 1, (int*)p_value);
+			break;
+		case GL_INT_VEC4:
+			glUniform4iv(location, 1, (int*)p_value);
+			break;
+		case GL_BOOL:
+			glUniform1iv(location, 1, (int*)p_value);
+			break;
+		case GL_BOOL_VEC2:
+			glUniform2iv(location, 1, (int*)p_value);
+			break;
+		case GL_BOOL_VEC3:
+			glUniform3iv(location, 1, (int*)p_value);
+			break;
+		case GL_BOOL_VEC4:
+			glUniform4iv(location, 1, (int*)p_value);
+			break;
+		case GL_FLOAT_MAT2:
+			glUniformMatrix2fv(location, 1, GL_FALSE, (float*)p_value);
+			break;
+		case GL_FLOAT_MAT3:
+			glUniformMatrix3fv(location, 1, GL_FALSE, (float*)p_value);
+			break;
+		case GL_FLOAT_MAT4:
+			glUniformMatrix4fv(location, 1, GL_FALSE, (float*)p_value);
+			break;
+		case GL_SAMPLER_1D:
+		case GL_SAMPLER_2D:
+		case GL_SAMPLER_3D:
+		case GL_SAMPLER_CUBE:
+		case GL_SAMPLER_1D_SHADOW:
+		case GL_SAMPLER_2D_SHADOW:
+		default:
+			glUniform1iv(location, 1, (int*)p_value);
+			break;
+		}
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+	}
+	rts_glShaderUniform()
+	{
+		location = -1;
+		p_value = NULL;
+	}
+};
+
+
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/gl/rts_glUtilities.h b/stim/gl/rts_glUtilities.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e25a412
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/gl/rts_glUtilities.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef RTS_GLUTILITIES_H
+#define RTS_GLUTILITIES_H
+
+
+#define CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR \
+{ GLenum error; \
+   while ( (error = glGetError()) != GL_NO_ERROR) { \
+   printf( "OpenGL ERROR: %s\nCHECK POINT: %s (line %d)\n", gluErrorString(error), __FILE__, __LINE__ ); \
+   } \
+} 
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/gl/texture.h b/stim/gl/texture.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56f8fbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/gl/texture.h
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+#ifndef RTS_GLTEXTUREMAP_H
+#define RTS_GLTEXTUREMAP_H
+
+//#include <GL/glew.h>
+#include "rts/math/vector.h"
+#include "rts/gl/error.h"
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+namespace stim{
+
+///This class stores an OpenGL texture map and is used by rts_glShaderProgram.
+class glTexture
+{
+private:
+	void get_type()			//guesses the texture type based on the size
+	{
+		if(size[1] == 0)
+			texture_type = GL_TEXTURE_1D;
+		else if(size[2] == 0)
+			texture_type = GL_TEXTURE_2D;
+		else
+			texture_type = GL_TEXTURE_3D;
+	}
+	void set_wrapping()		//set the texture wrapping based on the dimensions
+	{
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		switch(texture_type)
+		{
+		case GL_TEXTURE_3D:
+			glTexParameteri(texture_type, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R_EXT, GL_REPEAT);
+		case GL_TEXTURE_2D:
+			glTexParameteri(texture_type, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_MIRRORED_REPEAT);
+		case GL_TEXTURE_1D:
+			glTexParameteri(texture_type, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
+			break;
+		case GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB:
+			glTexParameteri(texture_type, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+			glTexParameteri(texture_type, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+	}
+	//void set_bits(GLvoid* bits);
+public:
+	vector<GLsizei, 3> size;		//vector representing the size of the texture
+	GLuint name;				//texture name assigned by OpenGL
+	GLenum texture_type;				//1D, 2D, 3D
+	GLint internal_format;	//number of components (ex. 4 for RGBA)
+	GLenum pixel_format;		//type of data (RGBA, LUMINANCE)
+	GLenum data_type;			//data type of the bits (float, int, etc.)
+
+	//constructor
+	glTexture()
+	{
+		name = 0;
+	}
+	glTexture(GLvoid *bits,
+			   GLenum type = GL_TEXTURE_2D,
+			   GLsizei width = 256,
+			   GLsizei height = 256,
+			   GLsizei depth = 0,
+			   GLint internalformat = 1,
+			   GLenum format = GL_LUMINANCE,
+			   GLenum datatype = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
+			   GLint interpolation = GL_LINEAR)
+    {
+        init(bits, type, width, height, depth, internalformat, format, datatype, interpolation);
+    }
+
+	void begin()
+	{
+		glEnable(texture_type);
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		glBindTexture(texture_type, name);
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+	}
+	void end()
+	{
+		glDisable(texture_type);
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+	}
+
+	///Creates an OpenGL texture map. This function requires basic information about the texture map as well as a pointer to the bit data describing the texture.
+	void init(GLvoid *bits,
+			   GLenum type = GL_TEXTURE_2D,
+			   GLsizei width = 256,
+			   GLsizei height = 256,
+			   GLsizei depth = 0,
+			   GLint internalformat = 1,
+			   GLenum format = GL_LUMINANCE,
+			   GLenum datatype = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
+			   GLint interpolation = GL_LINEAR)
+	{
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		if(name != 0)
+			glDeleteTextures(1, &name);
+
+
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		if(datatype == GL_FLOAT)
+		{
+			glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, 4);
+			glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 4);				//I honestly don't know what this does but it fixes problems
+		}
+		else if(datatype == GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE)
+		{
+			//glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
+			//glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
+		}
+		else if(datatype == GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT)
+		{
+			//glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 2);
+			//glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, 2);
+		}
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		glGenTextures(1, &name);							//get the texture name from OpenGL
+		//cout<<"OpenGL Name: "<<name<<endl;
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		size = vector<GLsizei, 3>(width, height, depth);		//assign the texture size
+		//get_type();											//guess the type based on the size
+		texture_type = type;						//set the type of texture
+		glEnable(texture_type);						//enable the texture map
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		glBindTexture(texture_type, name);							//bind the texture for editing
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		set_wrapping();										//set the texture wrapping parameters
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		glTexParameteri(texture_type, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, interpolation);		//set filtering
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		glTexParameteri(texture_type, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, interpolation);
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		internal_format = internalformat;					//set the number of components per pixel
+		pixel_format = format;								//set the pixel format
+		data_type = datatype;									//set the data type
+		SetBits(bits);										//send the bits to the OpenGL driver
+		glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_REPLACE);	//replace the specified vertex color
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		glDisable(texture_type);
+
+		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_3D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_3D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_3D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+	}
+	void Clean()
+	{
+		if(name != 0)
+		{
+			glDeleteTextures(1, &name);
+			CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+			name = 0;
+		}
+	}
+	void SetBits(GLvoid *bits)
+	{
+		glEnable(texture_type);						//enable the texture map
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		glBindTexture(texture_type, name);
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+
+		switch(texture_type)
+		{
+		case GL_TEXTURE_3D:
+			glTexImage3D(texture_type, 0, internal_format, size[0], size[1], size[2], 0, pixel_format, data_type, bits);
+			CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+			break;
+		case GL_TEXTURE_2D:
+		case GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB:
+			glTexImage2D(texture_type, 0, internal_format, size[0], size[1], 0, pixel_format, data_type, bits);
+			CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+			break;
+		case GL_TEXTURE_1D:
+			glTexImage1D(texture_type, 0, internal_format, size[0], 0, pixel_format, data_type, bits);
+			CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+			break;
+		default:
+			//glTexImage2D(texture_type, 0, internal_format, size.x, size.y, 0, pixel_format, data_type, bits);
+			break;
+		}
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+	}
+	void ResetBits(GLvoid *bits)
+	{
+		glEnable(texture_type);						//enable the texture map
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		glBindTexture(texture_type, name);
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+
+		switch(texture_type)
+		{
+		case GL_TEXTURE_3D:
+			//glTexImage3D(texture_type, 0, internal_format, size.x, size.y, size.z, 0, pixel_format, data_type, bits);
+			break;
+		case GL_TEXTURE_2D:
+		case GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB:
+			glTexSubImage2D(texture_type, 0, 0, 0, size[0], size[1], pixel_format, data_type, bits);
+			CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+			break;
+		case GL_TEXTURE_1D:
+			//glTexImage1D(texture_type, 0, internal_format, size.x, 0, pixel_format, data_type, bits);
+			break;
+		default:
+			//glTexImage2D(texture_type, 0, internal_format, size.x, size.y, 0, pixel_format, data_type, bits);
+			break;
+		}
+		glDisable(texture_type);
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+	}
+	void* GetBits(GLenum format, GLenum type)
+	{
+		//returns the texture data
+
+		int components;
+		switch(format)
+		{
+		case GL_RED:
+		case GL_GREEN:
+		case GL_BLUE:
+		case GL_ALPHA:
+		case GL_LUMINANCE:
+			components = 1;
+			break;
+		case GL_LUMINANCE_ALPHA:
+			components = 2;
+			break;
+		case GL_RGB:
+		case GL_BGR:
+			components = 3;
+			break;
+		case GL_RGBA:
+		case GL_BGRA:
+			components = 4;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		int type_size;
+		switch(type)
+		{
+		case GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE:
+		case GL_BYTE:
+			type_size = sizeof(char);
+			break;
+		case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT:
+		case GL_SHORT:
+			type_size = sizeof(short);
+			break;
+		case GL_UNSIGNED_INT:
+		case GL_INT:
+			type_size = sizeof(int);
+			break;
+		case GL_FLOAT:
+			type_size = sizeof(float);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		//allocate memory for the texture
+		void* result = malloc(components*type_size * size[0] * size[1]);
+
+		begin();
+		glGetTexImage(texture_type, 0, format, type, result);
+
+		CHECK_OPENGL_ERROR
+		end();
+
+
+		return result;
+
+	}
+};
+
+}
+
+#define RTS_UNKNOWN				0
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/grids/grid_data.h b/stim/grids/grid_data.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82eef7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/grids/grid_data.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#ifndef STIM_GRID_DATA_CUH
+#define STIM_GRID_DATA_CUH
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <fstream>
+
+#include "../cuda/threads.h"
+#include "../cuda/error.h"
+#include "../cuda/devices.h"
+#include "../math/vector.h"
+
+
+namespace stim{
+
+//This object describes a generic D-dimensional grid containing data of type T
+	// data can be loaded in the form of images
+	// data can be saved in the form of binary files
+template<typename T, unsigned int D = 1>
+class grid_data{
+
+protected:
+
+	stim::vec<unsigned long, D> R;		//elements in each dimension
+	T* ptr;									//pointer to the data (on the GPU or CPU)
+
+	//return the total number of values in the binary file
+	unsigned long samples(){
+
+		unsigned long s = 1;
+		for(unsigned int d = 0; d < D; d++)
+			s *= R[d];
+
+		return s;
+
+	}
+
+public:
+
+	//write data to disk
+	void write(std::string filename){
+
+		std::fstream file;
+
+		//open the file as binary for reading
+		file.open(filename.c_str(), std::ios::out | std::ios::binary);
+
+		//write file to disk
+		file.write((char *)ptr, samples() * sizeof(T));
+	}
+
+	//load a binary file from disk
+	//		header size is in bytes
+	void read(std::string filename, stim::vec<unsigned long, D> S, unsigned long header = 0){
+
+		R = S;	//set the sample resolution
+
+		std::fstream file;
+
+		//open the file as binary for writing
+		file.open(filename.c_str(), std::ios::in | std::ios::binary);
+
+		//seek past the header
+		file.seekg(header, std::ios::beg);
+
+		//read the data
+		file.read((char *)ptr, samples() * sizeof(T));
+	}
+
+
+
+};
+
+}
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/grids/image_stack.h b/stim/grids/image_stack.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de02005
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/grids/image_stack.h
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#ifndef STIM_IMAGE_STACK_H
+#define STIM_IMAGE_STACK_H
+
+#include "../parser/wildcards.h"
+#include "../parser/filename.h"
+#include "../grids/grid_data.h"
+#include "../image/image.h"
+
+namespace stim{
+
+//this creates a class that can be used to load 3D grid data from stacks of images
+//	The class uses a 4D grid_data object, where the first dimension is color
+template<typename T>
+class image_stack : public virtual grid_data<T, 4>{
+
+	enum image_type {stimAuto, stimMono, stimRGB, stimRGBA};
+
+protected:
+	using grid_data<T, 4>::R;
+	using grid_data<T, 4>::ptr;
+	using grid_data<T, 4>::samples;
+
+public:
+
+	void load_images(std::string file_mask){
+
+		stim::filename file_path(file_mask);
+
+		//if the file path is relative, update it with the current working directory
+		if(file_path.is_relative()){
+			stim::filename wd = stim::filename::cwd();
+			file_path = wd.get_relative(file_mask);
+		}
+
+		//get the list of files
+		std::vector<stim::filename> file_list = file_path.get_list();
+
+		//if there are no matching files, exit
+		if(file_list.size() == 0){
+			std::cout<<"STIM ERROR (image_stack): No matching files for loading a stack."<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		//load the first image and set all of the image_stack properties
+		std::cout<<"File to Load: "<<file_list[0].str()<<std::endl;
+		stim::image<T> I(file_list[0].str());
+
+		//set the image resolution and number of channels
+		R[0] = I.channels();
+		R[1] = I.width();
+		R[2] = I.height();
+		R[3] = file_list.size();
+
+		//allocate storage space
+		ptr = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * samples());
+
+		//load and copy each image into the grid
+		for(unsigned int i = 0; i<R[3]; i++){
+
+			//load the image
+			stim::image<T> I(file_list[i].str());
+
+			//retrieve the interlaced data from the image - store it in the grid
+			I.data_interleaved(&ptr[ i * R[0] * R[1] * R[2] ]);
+		}
+	}
+
+	void save_image(std::string file_name, unsigned int i){
+
+		//create an image
+		stim::image<T> I;
+
+		//retrieve the interlaced data from the image - store it in the grid
+		I.set_interleaved(&ptr[ i * R[0] * R[1] * R[2] ], R[1], R[2], R[0]);
+
+		I.save(file_name);
+	}
+
+	void save_images(std::string file_mask){
+
+		stim::filename file_path(file_mask);
+
+		//if the file path is relative, update it with the current working directory
+		if(file_path.is_relative()){
+			stim::filename wd = stim::filename::cwd();
+			file_path = wd.get_relative(file_mask);
+		}
+
+		//create a list of file names
+		std::vector<std::string> file_list = stim::wildcards::increment(file_path.str(), 0, R[3]-1, 1);
+
+		for(int i=0; i<R[3]; i++)
+			save_image(file_list[i], i);
+	}
+
+
+
+	
+
+};
+
+
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/image/CImg.h b/stim/image/CImg.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40ff3cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/image/CImg.h
@@ -0,0 +1,49596 @@
+/*
+ #
+ #  File            : CImg.h
+ #                    ( C++ header file )
+ #
+ #  Description     : The C++ Template Image Processing Toolkit.
+ #                    This file is the main component of the CImg Library project.
+ #                    ( http://cimg.sourceforge.net )
+ #
+ #  Project manager : David Tschumperle.
+ #                    ( http://tschumperle.users.greyc.fr/ )
+ #
+ #                    A complete list of contributors is available in file 'README.txt'
+ #                    distributed within the CImg package.
+ #
+ #  Licenses        : This file is 'dual-licensed', you have to choose one
+ #                    of the two licenses below to apply.
+ #
+ #                    CeCILL-C
+ #                    The CeCILL-C license is close to the GNU LGPL.
+ #                    ( http://www.cecill.info/licences/Licence_CeCILL-C_V1-en.html )
+ #
+ #                or  CeCILL v2.0
+ #                    The CeCILL license is compatible with the GNU GPL.
+ #                    ( http://www.cecill.info/licences/Licence_CeCILL_V2-en.html )
+ #
+ #  This software is governed either by the CeCILL or the CeCILL-C license
+ #  under French law and abiding by the rules of distribution of free software.
+ #  You can  use, modify and or redistribute the software under the terms of
+ #  the CeCILL or CeCILL-C licenses as circulated by CEA, CNRS and INRIA
+ #  at the following URL: "http://www.cecill.info".
+ #
+ #  As a counterpart to the access to the source code and  rights to copy,
+ #  modify and redistribute granted by the license, users are provided only
+ #  with a limited warranty  and the software's author,  the holder of the
+ #  economic rights,  and the successive licensors  have only  limited
+ #  liability.
+ #
+ #  In this respect, the user's attention is drawn to the risks associated
+ #  with loading,  using,  modifying and/or developing or reproducing the
+ #  software by the user in light of its specific status of free software,
+ #  that may mean  that it is complicated to manipulate,  and  that  also
+ #  therefore means  that it is reserved for developers  and  experienced
+ #  professionals having in-depth computer knowledge. Users are therefore
+ #  encouraged to load and test the software's suitability as regards their
+ #  requirements in conditions enabling the security of their systems and/or
+ #  data to be ensured and,  more generally, to use and operate it in the
+ #  same conditions as regards security.
+ #
+ #  The fact that you are presently reading this means that you have had
+ #  knowledge of the CeCILL and CeCILL-C licenses and that you accept its terms.
+ #
+*/
+
+// Set version number of the library.
+#ifndef cimg_version
+#define cimg_version 160
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------
+ #
+ # Test and possibly auto-set CImg configuration variables
+ # and include required headers.
+ #
+ # If you find that the default configuration variables are
+ # not adapted to your system, you can override their values
+ # before including the header file "CImg.h"
+ # (use the #define directive).
+ #
+ ------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+// Include standard C++ headers.
+// This is the minimal set of required headers to make CImg-based codes compile.
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <exception>
+
+// Detect/configure OS variables.
+//
+// Define 'cimg_OS' to: '0' for an unknown OS (will try to minize library dependencies).
+//                      '1' for a Unix-like OS (Linux, Solaris, BSD, MacOSX, Irix, ...).
+//                      '2' for Microsoft Windows.
+//                      (auto-detection is performed if 'cimg_OS' is not set by the user).
+#ifndef cimg_OS
+#if defined(unix)        || defined(__unix)      || defined(__unix__) \
+ || defined(linux)       || defined(__linux)     || defined(__linux__) \
+ || defined(sun)         || defined(__sun) \
+ || defined(BSD)         || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) \
+ || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined (__DragonFly__) \
+ || defined(sgi)         || defined(__sgi) \
+ || defined(__MACOSX__)  || defined(__APPLE__) \
+ || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+#define cimg_OS 1
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(WIN32)  || defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) \
+   || defined(WIN64)    || defined(_WIN64) || defined(__WIN64__)
+#define cimg_OS 2
+#else
+#define cimg_OS 0
+#endif
+#elif !(cimg_OS==0 || cimg_OS==1 || cimg_OS==2)
+#error CImg Library: Invalid configuration variable 'cimg_OS'.
+#error (correct values are '0 = unknown OS', '1 = Unix-like OS', '2 = Microsoft Windows').
+#endif
+
+// Disable silly warnings on some Microsoft VC++ compilers.
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable:4311)
+#pragma warning(disable:4312)
+#pragma warning(disable:4800)
+#pragma warning(disable:4804)
+#pragma warning(disable:4996)
+#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_DEPRECATE 1
+#define _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE 1
+#endif
+
+// Include OS-specific headers.
+#if cimg_OS==1
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#elif cimg_OS==2
+#ifndef NOMINMAX
+#define NOMINMAX
+#endif
+#include <windows.h>
+#ifndef _WIN32_IE
+#define _WIN32_IE 0x0400
+#endif
+#include <shlobj.h>
+#include <process.h>
+#include <io.h>
+#define cimg_snprintf _snprintf
+#define cimg_vsnprintf _vsnprintf
+#endif
+#ifndef cimg_snprintf
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define cimg_snprintf snprintf
+#define cimg_vsnprintf vsnprintf
+#endif
+
+// Look for C++11 features
+#if !defined(cimg_use_cpp11) && __cplusplus>201100
+#define cimg_use_cpp11
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_use_cpp11
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <utility>
+#endif
+
+// Configure filename separator.
+//
+// Filename separator is set by default to '/', except for Windows where it is '\'.
+#ifndef cimg_file_separator
+#if cimg_OS==2
+#define cimg_file_separator '\\'
+#else
+#define cimg_file_separator '/'
+#endif
+#endif
+
+// Configure verbosity of output messages.
+//
+// Define 'cimg_verbosity' to: '0' to hide library messages (quiet mode).
+//                             '1' to output library messages on the console.
+//                             '2' to output library messages on a basic dialog window (default behavior).
+//                             '3' to do as '1' + add extra warnings (may slow down the code!).
+//                             '4' to do as '2' + add extra warnings (may slow down the code!).
+//
+// Define 'cimg_strict_warnings' to replace warning messages by exception throwns.
+//
+// Define 'cimg_use_vt100' to allow output of color messages on VT100-compatible terminals.
+#ifndef cimg_verbosity
+#define cimg_verbosity 2
+#elif !(cimg_verbosity==0 || cimg_verbosity==1 || cimg_verbosity==2 || cimg_verbosity==3 || cimg_verbosity==4)
+#error CImg Library: Configuration variable 'cimg_verbosity' is badly defined.
+#error (should be { 0=quiet | 1=console | 2=dialog | 3=console+warnings | 4=dialog+warnings }).
+#endif
+
+// Configure display framework.
+//
+// Define 'cimg_display' to: '0' to disable display capabilities.
+//                           '1' to use the X-Window framework (X11).
+//                           '2' to use the Microsoft GDI32 framework.
+#ifndef cimg_display
+#if cimg_OS==0
+#define cimg_display 0
+#elif cimg_OS==1
+#if defined(__MACOSX__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+#define cimg_display 1
+#else
+#define cimg_display 1
+#endif
+#elif cimg_OS==2
+#define cimg_display 2
+#endif
+#elif !(cimg_display==0 || cimg_display==1 || cimg_display==2)
+#error CImg Library: Configuration variable 'cimg_display' is badly defined.
+#error (should be { 0=none | 1=X-Window (X11) | 2=Microsoft GDI32 }).
+#endif
+
+// Include display-specific headers.
+#if cimg_display==1
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
+#include <X11/Xutil.h>
+#include <X11/keysym.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#ifdef cimg_use_xshm
+#include <sys/ipc.h>
+#include <sys/shm.h>
+#include <X11/extensions/XShm.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_use_xrandr
+#include <X11/extensions/Xrandr.h>
+#endif
+#endif
+#ifndef cimg_appname
+#define cimg_appname "CImg"
+#endif
+
+// Configure OpenMP support.
+// (http://www.openmp.org)
+//
+// Define 'cimg_use_openmp' to enable OpenMP support.
+//
+// OpenMP directives may be used in a (very) few CImg functions to get
+// advantages of multi-core CPUs.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#include <omp.h>
+#endif
+
+// Configure OpenCV support.
+// (http://opencv.willowgarage.com/wiki/)
+//
+// Define 'cimg_use_opencv' to enable OpenCV support.
+//
+// OpenCV library may be used to access images from cameras
+// (see method 'CImg<T>::load_camera()').
+#ifdef cimg_use_opencv
+#ifdef True
+#undef True
+#define _cimg_redefine_True
+#endif
+#ifdef False
+#undef False
+#define _cimg_redefine_False
+#endif
+#include <cstddef>
+#include "cv.h"
+#include "highgui.h"
+#endif
+
+// Configure LibPNG support.
+// (http://www.libpng.org)
+//
+// Define 'cimg_use_png' to enable LibPNG support.
+//
+// PNG library may be used to get a native support of '.png' files.
+// (see methods 'CImg<T>::{load,save}_png()'.
+#ifdef cimg_use_png
+extern "C" {
+#include "png.h"
+}
+#endif
+
+// Configure LibJPEG support.
+// (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libjpeg)
+//
+// Define 'cimg_use_jpeg' to enable LibJPEG support.
+//
+// JPEG library may be used to get a native support of '.jpg' files.
+// (see methods 'CImg<T>::{load,save}_jpeg()').
+#ifdef cimg_use_jpeg
+extern "C" {
+#include "jpeglib.h"
+#include "setjmp.h"
+}
+#endif
+
+// Configure LibTIFF support.
+// (http://www.libtiff.org)
+//
+// Define 'cimg_use_tiff' to enable LibTIFF support.
+//
+// TIFF library may be used to get a native support of '.tif' files.
+// (see methods 'CImg[List]<T>::{load,save}_tiff()').
+#ifdef cimg_use_tiff
+extern "C" {
+#define uint64 uint64_hack_
+#define int64 int64_hack_
+#include "tiffio.h"
+#undef uint64
+#undef int64
+}
+#endif
+
+// Configure LibMINC2 support.
+// (http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/MINC/Reference/MINC2.0_File_Format_Reference)
+//
+// Define 'cimg_use_minc2' to enable LibMINC2 support.
+//
+// MINC2 library may be used to get a native support of '.mnc' files.
+// (see methods 'CImg<T>::{load,save}_minc2()').
+#ifdef cimg_use_minc2
+#include "minc_io_simple_volume.h"
+#include "minc_1_simple.h"
+#include "minc_1_simple_rw.h"
+#endif
+
+// Configure FFMPEG support.
+// (http://www.ffmpeg.org)
+//
+// Define 'cimg_use_ffmpeg' to enable FFMPEG lib support.
+//
+// Avcodec and Avformat libraries from FFMPEG may be used
+// to get a native support of various video file formats.
+// (see methods 'CImg[List]<T>::load_ffmpeg()').
+#ifdef cimg_use_ffmpeg
+#if (defined(_STDINT_H) || defined(_STDINT_H_)) && !defined(UINT64_C)
+#warning "__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS has to be defined before including <stdint.h>, this file will probably not compile."
+#endif
+#ifndef __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS
+#define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS // ...or stdint.h wont' define UINT64_C, needed by libavutil
+#endif
+extern "C" {
+#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
+#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
+#include <libswscale/swscale.h>
+}
+#endif
+
+// Configure Zlib support.
+// (http://www.zlib.net)
+//
+// Define 'cimg_use_zlib' to enable Zlib support.
+//
+// Zlib library may be used to allow compressed data in '.cimgz' files
+// (see methods 'CImg[List]<T>::{load,save}_cimg()').
+#ifdef cimg_use_zlib
+extern "C" {
+#include "zlib.h"
+}
+#endif
+
+// Configure Magick++ support.
+// (http://www.imagemagick.org/Magick++)
+//
+// Define 'cimg_use_magick' to enable Magick++ support.
+//
+// Magick++ library may be used to get a native support of various image file formats.
+// (see methods 'CImg<T>::{load,save}()').
+#ifdef cimg_use_magick
+#include "Magick++.h"
+#endif
+
+// Configure FFTW3 support.
+// (http://www.fftw.org)
+//
+// Define 'cimg_use_fftw3' to enable libFFTW3 support.
+//
+// FFTW3 library may be used to efficiently compute the Fast Fourier Transform
+// of image data, without restriction on the image size.
+// (see method 'CImg[List]<T>::FFT()').
+#ifdef cimg_use_fftw3
+extern "C" {
+#include "fftw3.h"
+}
+#endif
+
+// Configure LibBoard support.
+// (http://libboard.sourceforge.net/)
+//
+// Define 'cimg_use_board' to enable Board support.
+//
+// Board library may be used to draw 3d objects in vector-graphics canvas
+// that can be saved as '.ps' or '.svg' files afterwards.
+// (see method 'CImg<T>::draw_object3d()').
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+#ifdef None
+#undef None
+#define _cimg_redefine_None
+#endif
+#include "Board.h"
+#endif
+
+// Configure OpenEXR support.
+// (http://www.openexr.com/)
+//
+// Define 'cimg_use_openexr' to enable OpenEXR support.
+//
+// OpenEXR library may be used to get a native support of '.exr' files.
+// (see methods 'CImg<T>::{load,save}_exr()').
+#ifdef cimg_use_openexr
+#include "ImfRgbaFile.h"
+#include "ImfInputFile.h"
+#include "ImfChannelList.h"
+#include "ImfMatrixAttribute.h"
+#include "ImfArray.h"
+#endif
+
+// Lapack configuration.
+// (http://www.netlib.org/lapack)
+//
+// Define 'cimg_use_lapack' to enable LAPACK support.
+//
+// Lapack library may be used in several CImg methods to speed up
+// matrix computations (eigenvalues, inverse, ...).
+#ifdef cimg_use_lapack
+extern "C" {
+  extern void sgetrf_(int*, int*, float*, int*, int*, int*);
+  extern void sgetri_(int*, float*, int*, int*, float*, int*, int*);
+  extern void sgetrs_(char*, int*, int*, float*, int*, int*, float*, int*, int*);
+  extern void sgesvd_(char*, char*, int*, int*, float*, int*, float*, float*, int*, float*, int*, float*, int*, int*);
+  extern void ssyev_(char*, char*, int*, float*, int*, float*, float*, int*, int*);
+  extern void dgetrf_(int*, int*, double*, int*, int*, int*);
+  extern void dgetri_(int*, double*, int*, int*, double*, int*, int*);
+  extern void dgetrs_(char*, int*, int*, double*, int*, int*, double*, int*, int*);
+  extern void dgesvd_(char*, char*, int*, int*, double*, int*, double*, double*,
+                      int*, double*, int*, double*, int*, int*);
+  extern void dsyev_(char*, char*, int*, double*, int*, double*, double*, int*, int*);
+  extern void dgels_(char*, int*,int*,int*,double*,int*,double*,int*,double*,int*,int*);
+  extern void sgels_(char*, int*,int*,int*,float*,int*,float*,int*,float*,int*,int*);
+}
+#endif
+
+// Check if min/max/PI macros are defined.
+//
+// CImg does not compile if macros 'min', 'max' or 'PI' are defined,
+// because it redefines functions min(), max() and const variable PI in the cimg:: namespace.
+// so it '#undef' these macros if necessary, and restore them to reasonable
+// values at the end of this file.
+#ifdef min
+#undef min
+#define _cimg_redefine_min
+#endif
+#ifdef max
+#undef max
+#define _cimg_redefine_max
+#endif
+#ifdef PI
+#undef PI
+#define _cimg_redefine_PI
+#endif
+
+// Define 'cimg_library' namespace suffix.
+//
+// You may want to add a suffix to the 'cimg_library' namespace, for instance if you need to work
+// with several versions of the library at the same time.
+#ifdef cimg_namespace_suffix
+#define __cimg_library_suffixed(s) cimg_library_##s
+#define _cimg_library_suffixed(s) __cimg_library_suffixed(s)
+#define cimg_library_suffixed _cimg_library_suffixed(cimg_namespace_suffix)
+#else
+#define cimg_library_suffixed cimg_library
+#endif
+
+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  #
+  # Define user-friendly macros.
+  #
+  # These CImg macros are prefixed by 'cimg_' and can be used safely in your own
+  # code. They are useful to parse command line options, or to write image loops.
+  #
+  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+// Macros to define program usage, and retrieve command line arguments.
+#define cimg_usage(usage) cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::option((char*)0,argc,argv,(char*)0,usage,false)
+#define cimg_help(str) cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::option((char*)0,argc,argv,str,(char*)0)
+#define cimg_option(name,defaut,usage) cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::option(name,argc,argv,defaut,usage)
+#define cimg_argument(pos) \
+  cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::argument(pos,argc,argv)
+#define cimg_argument1(pos,s0) \
+  cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::argument(pos,argc,argv,1,s0)
+#define cimg_argument2(pos,s0,s1) \
+  cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::argument(pos,argc,argv,2,s0,s1)
+#define cimg_argument3(pos,s0,s1,s2) \
+  cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::argument(pos,argc,argv,3,s0,s1,s2)
+#define cimg_argument4(pos,s0,s1,s2,s3) \
+  cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::argument(pos,argc,argv,4,s0,s1,s2,s3)
+#define cimg_argument5(pos,s0,s1,s2,s3,s4) \
+  cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::argument(pos,argc,argv,5,s0,s1,s2,s3,s4)
+#define cimg_argument6(pos,s0,s1,s2,s3,s4,s5) \
+  cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::argument(pos,argc,argv,6,s0,s1,s2,s3,s4,s5)
+#define cimg_argument7(pos,s0,s1,s2,s3,s4,s5,s6) \
+  cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::argument(pos,argc,argv,7,s0,s1,s2,s3,s4,s5,s6)
+#define cimg_argument8(pos,s0,s1,s2,s3,s4,s5,s6,s7) \
+  cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::argument(pos,argc,argv,8,s0,s1,s2,s3,s4,s5,s6,s7)
+#define cimg_argument9(pos,s0,s1,s2,s3,s4,s5,s6,s7,s8) \
+  cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::argument(pos,argc,argv,9,s0,s1,s2,s3,s4,s5,s6,s7,s8)
+
+// Macros to define and manipulate local neighborhoods.
+#define CImg_2x2(I,T) T I[4]; \
+                      T& I##cc = I[0]; T& I##nc = I[1]; \
+                      T& I##cn = I[2]; T& I##nn = I[3]; \
+                      I##cc = I##nc = \
+                      I##cn = I##nn = 0
+
+#define CImg_3x3(I,T) T I[9]; \
+                      T& I##pp = I[0]; T& I##cp = I[1]; T& I##np = I[2]; \
+                      T& I##pc = I[3]; T& I##cc = I[4]; T& I##nc = I[5]; \
+                      T& I##pn = I[6]; T& I##cn = I[7]; T& I##nn = I[8]; \
+                      I##pp = I##cp = I##np = \
+                      I##pc = I##cc = I##nc = \
+                      I##pn = I##cn = I##nn = 0
+
+#define CImg_4x4(I,T) T I[16]; \
+                      T& I##pp = I[0]; T& I##cp = I[1]; T& I##np = I[2]; T& I##ap = I[3]; \
+                      T& I##pc = I[4]; T& I##cc = I[5]; T& I##nc = I[6]; T& I##ac = I[7]; \
+                      T& I##pn = I[8]; T& I##cn = I[9]; T& I##nn = I[10]; T& I##an = I[11]; \
+                      T& I##pa = I[12]; T& I##ca = I[13]; T& I##na = I[14]; T& I##aa = I[15]; \
+                      I##pp = I##cp = I##np = I##ap = \
+                      I##pc = I##cc = I##nc = I##ac = \
+                      I##pn = I##cn = I##nn = I##an = \
+                      I##pa = I##ca = I##na = I##aa = 0
+
+#define CImg_5x5(I,T) T I[25]; \
+                      T& I##bb = I[0]; T& I##pb = I[1]; T& I##cb = I[2]; T& I##nb = I[3]; T& I##ab = I[4]; \
+                      T& I##bp = I[5]; T& I##pp = I[6]; T& I##cp = I[7]; T& I##np = I[8]; T& I##ap = I[9]; \
+                      T& I##bc = I[10]; T& I##pc = I[11]; T& I##cc = I[12]; T& I##nc = I[13]; T& I##ac = I[14]; \
+                      T& I##bn = I[15]; T& I##pn = I[16]; T& I##cn = I[17]; T& I##nn = I[18]; T& I##an = I[19]; \
+                      T& I##ba = I[20]; T& I##pa = I[21]; T& I##ca = I[22]; T& I##na = I[23]; T& I##aa = I[24]; \
+                      I##bb = I##pb = I##cb = I##nb = I##ab = \
+                      I##bp = I##pp = I##cp = I##np = I##ap = \
+                      I##bc = I##pc = I##cc = I##nc = I##ac = \
+                      I##bn = I##pn = I##cn = I##nn = I##an = \
+                      I##ba = I##pa = I##ca = I##na = I##aa = 0
+
+#define CImg_2x2x2(I,T) T I[8]; \
+                      T& I##ccc = I[0]; T& I##ncc = I[1]; \
+                      T& I##cnc = I[2]; T& I##nnc = I[3]; \
+                      T& I##ccn = I[4]; T& I##ncn = I[5]; \
+                      T& I##cnn = I[6]; T& I##nnn = I[7]; \
+                      I##ccc = I##ncc = \
+                      I##cnc = I##nnc = \
+                      I##ccn = I##ncn = \
+                      I##cnn = I##nnn = 0
+
+#define CImg_3x3x3(I,T) T I[27]; \
+                      T& I##ppp = I[0]; T& I##cpp = I[1]; T& I##npp = I[2]; \
+                      T& I##pcp = I[3]; T& I##ccp = I[4]; T& I##ncp = I[5]; \
+                      T& I##pnp = I[6]; T& I##cnp = I[7]; T& I##nnp = I[8]; \
+                      T& I##ppc = I[9]; T& I##cpc = I[10]; T& I##npc = I[11]; \
+                      T& I##pcc = I[12]; T& I##ccc = I[13]; T& I##ncc = I[14]; \
+                      T& I##pnc = I[15]; T& I##cnc = I[16]; T& I##nnc = I[17]; \
+                      T& I##ppn = I[18]; T& I##cpn = I[19]; T& I##npn = I[20]; \
+                      T& I##pcn = I[21]; T& I##ccn = I[22]; T& I##ncn = I[23]; \
+                      T& I##pnn = I[24]; T& I##cnn = I[25]; T& I##nnn = I[26]; \
+                      I##ppp = I##cpp = I##npp = \
+                      I##pcp = I##ccp = I##ncp = \
+                      I##pnp = I##cnp = I##nnp = \
+                      I##ppc = I##cpc = I##npc = \
+                      I##pcc = I##ccc = I##ncc = \
+                      I##pnc = I##cnc = I##nnc = \
+                      I##ppn = I##cpn = I##npn = \
+                      I##pcn = I##ccn = I##ncn = \
+                      I##pnn = I##cnn = I##nnn = 0
+
+#define cimg_get2x2(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  I[0] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c), I[1] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c), I[2] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c), \
+  I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)
+
+#define cimg_get3x3(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  I[0] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[1] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c), I[2] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
+  I[3] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c), I[4] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c), I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c), \
+  I[6] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[7] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c), I[8] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)
+
+#define cimg_get4x4(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  I[0] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[1] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c), I[2] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
+  I[3] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[4] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c), I[5] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c), \
+  I[6] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c), I[7] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c), I[8] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c), \
+  I[9] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c), I[10] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[11] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c), \
+  I[12] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[13] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c), I[14] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
+  I[15] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)
+
+#define cimg_get5x5(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  I[0] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[1] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[2] = (T)(img)(x,_p2##y,z,c), \
+  I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[4] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[5] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
+  I[6] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[7] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c), I[8] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
+  I[9] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[10] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,y,z,c), I[11] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c), \
+  I[12] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c), I[13] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c), I[14] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c), \
+  I[15] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[16] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[17] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c), \
+  I[18] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[19] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[20] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
+  I[21] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[22] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c), I[23] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
+  I[24] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)
+
+#define cimg_get6x6(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  I[0] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[1] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[2] = (T)(img)(x,_p2##y,z,c), \
+  I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[4] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[5] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c), \
+  I[6] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[7] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[8] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c), \
+  I[9] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[10] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[11] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
+  I[12] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,y,z,c), I[13] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c), I[14] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c), \
+  I[15] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c), I[16] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c), I[17] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c), \
+  I[18] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[19] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[20] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c), \
+  I[21] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[22] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[23] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c), \
+  I[24] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[25] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[26] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c), \
+  I[27] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[28] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[29] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
+  I[30] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[31] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[32] = (T)(img)(x,_n3##y,z,c), \
+  I[33] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[34] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[35] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c)
+
+#define cimg_get7x7(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  I[0] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[1] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[2] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p3##y,z,c), \
+  I[3] = (T)(img)(x,_p3##y,z,c), I[4] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[5] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p3##y,z,c), \
+  I[6] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[7] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[8] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c), \
+  I[9] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[10] = (T)(img)(x,_p2##y,z,c), I[11] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c), \
+  I[12] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[13] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[14] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
+  I[15] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[16] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[17] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c), \
+  I[18] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[19] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[20] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
+  I[21] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,y,z,c), I[22] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,y,z,c), I[23] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c), \
+  I[24] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c), I[25] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c), I[26] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c), \
+  I[27] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c), I[28] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[29] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n1##y,z,c), \
+  I[30] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[31] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c), I[32] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c), \
+  I[33] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[34] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[35] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
+  I[36] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[37] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[38] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c), \
+  I[39] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[40] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[41] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
+  I[42] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[43] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[44] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n3##y,z,c), \
+  I[45] = (T)(img)(x,_n3##y,z,c), I[46] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[47] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c), \
+  I[48] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c)
+
+#define cimg_get8x8(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  I[0] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[1] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[2] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p3##y,z,c), \
+  I[3] = (T)(img)(x,_p3##y,z,c), I[4] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[5] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p3##y,z,c), \
+  I[6] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[7] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[8] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p2##y,z,c), \
+  I[9] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[10] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[11] = (T)(img)(x,_p2##y,z,c), \
+  I[12] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[13] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[14] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c), \
+  I[15] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[16] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[17] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
+  I[18] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[19] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c), I[20] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
+  I[21] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[22] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[23] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
+  I[24] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,y,z,c), I[25] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,y,z,c), I[26] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c), \
+  I[27] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c), I[28] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c), I[29] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c), \
+  I[30] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c), I[31] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,y,z,c), I[32] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n1##y,z,c), \
+  I[33] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[34] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[35] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c), \
+  I[36] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[37] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[38] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c), \
+  I[39] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[40] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[41] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
+  I[42] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[43] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c), I[44] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
+  I[45] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[46] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[47] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
+  I[48] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[49] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[50] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n3##y,z,c), \
+  I[51] = (T)(img)(x,_n3##y,z,c), I[52] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[53] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c), \
+  I[54] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[55] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[56] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n4##y,z,c), \
+  I[57] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n4##y,z,c), I[58] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n4##y,z,c), I[59] = (T)(img)(x,_n4##y,z,c), \
+  I[60] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n4##y,z,c), I[61] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n4##y,z,c), I[62] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n4##y,z,c), \
+  I[63] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n4##y,z,c);
+
+#define cimg_get9x9(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  I[0] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_p4##y,z,c), I[1] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p4##y,z,c), I[2] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p4##y,z,c), \
+  I[3] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p4##y,z,c), I[4] = (T)(img)(x,_p4##y,z,c), I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p4##y,z,c), \
+  I[6] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p4##y,z,c), I[7] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p4##y,z,c), I[8] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p4##y,z,c), \
+  I[9] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[10] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[11] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p3##y,z,c), \
+  I[12] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[13] = (T)(img)(x,_p3##y,z,c), I[14] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p3##y,z,c), \
+  I[15] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[16] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p3##y,z,c), I[17] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p3##y,z,c), \
+  I[18] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[19] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[20] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c), \
+  I[21] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[22] = (T)(img)(x,_p2##y,z,c), I[23] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c), \
+  I[24] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[25] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c), I[26] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p2##y,z,c), \
+  I[27] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[28] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[29] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
+  I[30] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[31] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c), I[32] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
+  I[33] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[34] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[35] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p1##y,z,c), \
+  I[36] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,y,z,c), I[37] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,y,z,c), I[38] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,y,z,c), \
+  I[39] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c), I[40] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c), I[41] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c), \
+  I[42] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c), I[43] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c), I[44] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,y,z,c), \
+  I[45] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[46] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[47] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n1##y,z,c), \
+  I[48] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[49] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c), I[50] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c), \
+  I[51] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[52] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[53] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n1##y,z,c), \
+  I[54] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[55] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[56] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
+  I[57] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[58] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c), I[59] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
+  I[60] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[61] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c), I[62] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n2##y,z,c), \
+  I[63] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[64] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[65] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n3##y,z,c), \
+  I[66] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[67] = (T)(img)(x,_n3##y,z,c), I[68] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c), \
+  I[69] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[70] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c), I[71] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n3##y,z,c), \
+  I[72] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_n4##y,z,c), I[73] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n4##y,z,c), I[74] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n4##y,z,c), \
+  I[75] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n4##y,z,c), I[76] = (T)(img)(x,_n4##y,z,c), I[77] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n4##y,z,c), \
+  I[78] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n4##y,z,c), I[79] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n4##y,z,c), I[80] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n4##y,z,c)
+
+#define cimg_get2x2x2(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  I[0] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c), I[1] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c), I[2] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c), \
+  I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[4] = (T)(img)(x,y,_n1##z,c), I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,_n1##z,c), \
+  I[6] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c), I[7] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c)
+
+#define cimg_get3x3x3(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  I[0] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,_p1##z,c), I[1] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,_p1##z,c), \
+  I[2] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,_p1##z,c), I[3] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,_p1##z,c), I[4] = (T)(img)(x,y,_p1##z,c), \
+  I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,_p1##z,c), I[6] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,_p1##z,c), I[7] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,_p1##z,c), \
+  I[8] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,_p1##z,c), I[9] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[10] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c), \
+  I[11] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c), I[12] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c), I[13] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c), \
+  I[14] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c), I[15] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[16] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c), \
+  I[17] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c), I[18] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,_n1##z,c), I[19] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,_n1##z,c), \
+  I[20] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,_n1##z,c), I[21] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,_n1##z,c), I[22] = (T)(img)(x,y,_n1##z,c), \
+  I[23] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,_n1##z,c), I[24] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c), I[25] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c), \
+  I[26] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c)
+
+// Macros to perform various image loops.
+//
+// These macros are simpler to use than loops with C++ iterators.
+#define cimg_for(img,ptrs,T_ptrs) \
+  for (T_ptrs *ptrs = (img)._data, *_max##ptrs = (img)._data + (img).size(); ptrs<_max##ptrs; ++ptrs)
+#define cimg_rof(img,ptrs,T_ptrs) for (T_ptrs *ptrs = (img)._data + (img).size() - 1; ptrs>=(img)._data; --ptrs)
+#define cimg_foroff(img,off) for (unsigned long off = 0, _max##off = (img).size(); off<_max##off; ++off)
+
+#define cimg_for1(bound,i) for (int i = 0; i<(int)(bound); ++i)
+#define cimg_forX(img,x) cimg_for1((img)._width,x)
+#define cimg_forY(img,y) cimg_for1((img)._height,y)
+#define cimg_forZ(img,z) cimg_for1((img)._depth,z)
+#define cimg_forC(img,c) cimg_for1((img)._spectrum,c)
+#define cimg_forXY(img,x,y) cimg_forY(img,y) cimg_forX(img,x)
+#define cimg_forXZ(img,x,z) cimg_forZ(img,z) cimg_forX(img,x)
+#define cimg_forYZ(img,y,z) cimg_forZ(img,z) cimg_forY(img,y)
+#define cimg_forXC(img,x,c) cimg_forC(img,c) cimg_forX(img,x)
+#define cimg_forYC(img,y,c) cimg_forC(img,c) cimg_forY(img,y)
+#define cimg_forZC(img,z,c) cimg_forC(img,c) cimg_forZ(img,z)
+#define cimg_forXYZ(img,x,y,z) cimg_forZ(img,z) cimg_forXY(img,x,y)
+#define cimg_forXYC(img,x,y,c) cimg_forC(img,c) cimg_forXY(img,x,y)
+#define cimg_forXZC(img,x,z,c) cimg_forC(img,c) cimg_forXZ(img,x,z)
+#define cimg_forYZC(img,y,z,c) cimg_forC(img,c) cimg_forYZ(img,y,z)
+#define cimg_forXYZC(img,x,y,z,c) cimg_forC(img,c) cimg_forXYZ(img,x,y,z)
+
+#define cimg_rof1(bound,i) for (int i = (int)(bound)-1; i>=0; --i)
+#define cimg_rofX(img,x) cimg_rof1((img)._width,x)
+#define cimg_rofY(img,y) cimg_rof1((img)._height,y)
+#define cimg_rofZ(img,z) cimg_rof1((img)._depth,z)
+#define cimg_rofC(img,c) cimg_rof1((img)._spectrum,c)
+#define cimg_rofXY(img,x,y) cimg_rofY(img,y) cimg_rofX(img,x)
+#define cimg_rofXZ(img,x,z) cimg_rofZ(img,z) cimg_rofX(img,x)
+#define cimg_rofYZ(img,y,z) cimg_rofZ(img,z) cimg_rofY(img,y)
+#define cimg_rofXC(img,x,c) cimg_rofC(img,c) cimg_rofX(img,x)
+#define cimg_rofYC(img,y,c) cimg_rofC(img,c) cimg_rofY(img,y)
+#define cimg_rofZC(img,z,c) cimg_rofC(img,c) cimg_rofZ(img,z)
+#define cimg_rofXYZ(img,x,y,z) cimg_rofZ(img,z) cimg_rofXY(img,x,y)
+#define cimg_rofXYC(img,x,y,c) cimg_rofC(img,c) cimg_rofXY(img,x,y)
+#define cimg_rofXZC(img,x,z,c) cimg_rofC(img,c) cimg_rofXZ(img,x,z)
+#define cimg_rofYZC(img,y,z,c) cimg_rofC(img,c) cimg_rofYZ(img,y,z)
+#define cimg_rofXYZC(img,x,y,z,c) cimg_rofC(img,c) cimg_rofXYZ(img,x,y,z)
+
+#define cimg_for_in1(bound,i0,i1,i) \
+ for (int i = (int)(i0)<0?0:(int)(i0), _max##i = (int)(i1)<(int)(bound)?(int)(i1):(int)(bound)-1; i<=_max##i; ++i)
+#define cimg_for_inX(img,x0,x1,x) cimg_for_in1((img)._width,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_inY(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in1((img)._height,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_inZ(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in1((img)._depth,z0,z1,z)
+#define cimg_for_inC(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in1((img)._spectrum,c0,c1,c)
+#define cimg_for_inXY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y) cimg_for_inY(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_inX(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_inXZ(img,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z) cimg_for_inZ(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_inX(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_inXC(img,x0,c0,x1,c1,x,c) cimg_for_inC(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_inX(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_inYZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z) cimg_for_inZ(img,x0,z1,z) cimg_for_inY(img,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_inYC(img,y0,c0,y1,c1,y,c) cimg_for_inC(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_inY(img,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_inZC(img,z0,c0,z1,c1,z,c) cimg_for_inC(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_inZ(img,z0,z1,z)
+#define cimg_for_inXYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z) cimg_for_inZ(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_inXY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y)
+#define cimg_for_inXYC(img,x0,y0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x,y,c) cimg_for_inC(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_inXY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y)
+#define cimg_for_inXZC(img,x0,z0,c0,x1,z1,c1,x,z,c) cimg_for_inC(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_inXZ(img,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z)
+#define cimg_for_inYZC(img,y0,z0,c0,y1,z1,c1,y,z,c) cimg_for_inC(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_inYZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z)
+#define cimg_for_inXYZC(img,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,x,y,z,c) \
+  cimg_for_inC(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_inXYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z)
+#define cimg_for_insideX(img,x,n) cimg_for_inX(img,n,(img)._width-1-(n),x)
+#define cimg_for_insideY(img,y,n) cimg_for_inY(img,n,(img)._height-1-(n),y)
+#define cimg_for_insideZ(img,z,n) cimg_for_inZ(img,n,(img)._depth-1-(n),z)
+#define cimg_for_insideC(img,c,n) cimg_for_inC(img,n,(img)._spectrum-1-(n),c)
+#define cimg_for_insideXY(img,x,y,n) cimg_for_inXY(img,n,n,(img)._width-1-(n),(img)._height-1-(n),x,y)
+#define cimg_for_insideXYZ(img,x,y,z,n) \
+  cimg_for_inXYZ(img,n,n,n,(img)._width-1-(n),(img)._height-1-(n),(img)._depth-1-(n),x,y,z)
+#define cimg_for_insideXYZC(img,x,y,z,c,n) \
+  cimg_for_inXYZ(img,n,n,n,(img)._width-1-(n),(img)._height-1-(n),(img)._depth-1-(n),x,y,z)
+
+#define cimg_for_out1(boundi,i0,i1,i) \
+ for (int i = (int)(i0)>0?0:(int)(i1)+1; i<(int)(boundi); ++i, i = i==(int)(i0)?(int)(i1)+1:i)
+#define cimg_for_out2(boundi,boundj,i0,j0,i1,j1,i,j) \
+ for (int j = 0; j<(int)(boundj); ++j) \
+ for (int _n1j = (int)(j<(int)(j0) || j>(int)(j1)), i = _n1j?0:(int)(i0)>0?0:(int)(i1)+1; i<(int)(boundi); \
+  ++i, i = _n1j?i:(i==(int)(i0)?(int)(i1)+1:i))
+#define cimg_for_out3(boundi,boundj,boundk,i0,j0,k0,i1,j1,k1,i,j,k) \
+ for (int k = 0; k<(int)(boundk); ++k) \
+ for (int _n1k = (int)(k<(int)(k0) || k>(int)(k1)), j = 0; j<(int)(boundj); ++j) \
+ for (int _n1j = (int)(j<(int)(j0) || j>(int)(j1)), i = _n1j || _n1k?0:(int)(i0)>0?0:(int)(i1)+1; i<(int)(boundi); \
+  ++i, i = _n1j || _n1k?i:(i==(int)(i0)?(int)(i1)+1:i))
+#define cimg_for_out4(boundi,boundj,boundk,boundl,i0,j0,k0,l0,i1,j1,k1,l1,i,j,k,l) \
+ for (int l = 0; l<(int)(boundl); ++l) \
+ for (int _n1l = (int)(l<(int)(l0) || l>(int)(l1)), k = 0; k<(int)(boundk); ++k) \
+ for (int _n1k = (int)(k<(int)(k0) || k>(int)(k1)), j = 0; j<(int)(boundj); ++j) \
+ for (int _n1j = (int)(j<(int)(j0) || j>(int)(j1)), i = _n1j || _n1k || _n1l?0:(int)(i0)>0?0:(int)(i1)+1; \
+  i<(int)(boundi); ++i, i = _n1j || _n1k || _n1l?i:(i==(int)(i0)?(int)(i1)+1:i))
+#define cimg_for_outX(img,x0,x1,x) cimg_for_out1((img)._width,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_outY(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_out1((img)._height,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_outZ(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_out1((img)._depth,z0,z1,z)
+#define cimg_for_outC(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_out1((img)._spectrum,c0,c1,c)
+#define cimg_for_outXY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y) cimg_for_out2((img)._width,(img)._height,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y)
+#define cimg_for_outXZ(img,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z) cimg_for_out2((img)._width,(img)._depth,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z)
+#define cimg_for_outXC(img,x0,c0,x1,c1,x,c) cimg_for_out2((img)._width,(img)._spectrum,x0,c0,x1,c1,x,c)
+#define cimg_for_outYZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z) cimg_for_out2((img)._height,(img)._depth,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z)
+#define cimg_for_outYC(img,y0,c0,y1,c1,y,c) cimg_for_out2((img)._height,(img)._spectrum,y0,c0,y1,c1,y,c)
+#define cimg_for_outZC(img,z0,c0,z1,c1,z,c) cimg_for_out2((img)._depth,(img)._spectrum,z0,c0,z1,c1,z,c)
+#define cimg_for_outXYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z) \
+  cimg_for_out3((img)._width,(img)._height,(img)._depth,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z)
+#define cimg_for_outXYC(img,x0,y0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x,y,c) \
+  cimg_for_out3((img)._width,(img)._height,(img)._spectrum,x0,y0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x,y,c)
+#define cimg_for_outXZC(img,x0,z0,c0,x1,z1,c1,x,z,c) \
+  cimg_for_out3((img)._width,(img)._depth,(img)._spectrum,x0,z0,c0,x1,z1,c1,x,z,c)
+#define cimg_for_outYZC(img,y0,z0,c0,y1,z1,c1,y,z,c) \
+  cimg_for_out3((img)._height,(img)._depth,(img)._spectrum,y0,z0,c0,y1,z1,c1,y,z,c)
+#define cimg_for_outXYZC(img,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,x,y,z,c) \
+ cimg_for_out4((img)._width,(img)._height,(img)._depth,(img)._spectrum,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,x,y,z,c)
+#define cimg_for_borderX(img,x,n) cimg_for_outX(img,n,(img)._width-1-(n),x)
+#define cimg_for_borderY(img,y,n) cimg_for_outY(img,n,(img)._height-1-(n),y)
+#define cimg_for_borderZ(img,z,n) cimg_for_outZ(img,n,(img)._depth-1-(n),z)
+#define cimg_for_borderC(img,c,n) cimg_for_outC(img,n,(img)._spectrum-1-(n),c)
+#define cimg_for_borderXY(img,x,y,n) cimg_for_outXY(img,n,n,(img)._width-1-(n),(img)._height-1-(n),x,y)
+#define cimg_for_borderXYZ(img,x,y,z,n) \
+  cimg_for_outXYZ(img,n,n,n,(img)._width-1-(n),(img)._height-1-(n),(img)._depth-1-(n),x,y,z)
+#define cimg_for_borderXYZC(img,x,y,z,c,n) \
+ cimg_for_outXYZC(img,n,n,n,n,(img)._width-1-(n),(img)._height-1-(n),(img)._depth-1-(n),(img)._spectrum-1-(n),x,y,z,c)
+
+#define cimg_for_spiralXY(img,x,y) \
+ for (int x = 0, y = 0, _n1##x = 1, _n1##y = (img).width()*(img).height(); _n1##y; \
+      --_n1##y, _n1##x+=(_n1##x>>2)-((!(_n1##x&3)?--y:((_n1##x&3)==1?(img)._width-1-++x:\
+      ((_n1##x&3)==2?(img)._height-1-++y:--x))))?0:1)
+
+#define cimg_for_lineXY(x,y,x0,y0,x1,y1) \
+ for (int x = (int)(x0), y = (int)(y0), _sx = 1, _sy = 1, _steep = 0, \
+      _dx=(x1)>(x0)?(int)(x1)-(int)(x0):(_sx=-1,(int)(x0)-(int)(x1)), \
+      _dy=(y1)>(y0)?(int)(y1)-(int)(y0):(_sy=-1,(int)(y0)-(int)(y1)), \
+      _counter = _dx, \
+      _err = _dx>_dy?(_dy>>1):((_steep=1),(_counter=_dy),(_dx>>1)); \
+      _counter>=0; \
+      --_counter, x+=_steep? \
+      (y+=_sy,(_err-=_dx)<0?_err+=_dy,_sx:0): \
+      (y+=(_err-=_dy)<0?_err+=_dx,_sy:0,_sx))
+
+#define cimg_for2(bound,i) \
+ for (int i = 0, _n1##i = 1>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:1; \
+      _n1##i<(int)(bound) || i==--_n1##i; \
+      ++i, ++_n1##i)
+#define cimg_for2X(img,x) cimg_for2((img)._width,x)
+#define cimg_for2Y(img,y) cimg_for2((img)._height,y)
+#define cimg_for2Z(img,z) cimg_for2((img)._depth,z)
+#define cimg_for2C(img,c) cimg_for2((img)._spectrum,c)
+#define cimg_for2XY(img,x,y) cimg_for2Y(img,y) cimg_for2X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for2XZ(img,x,z) cimg_for2Z(img,z) cimg_for2X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for2XC(img,x,c) cimg_for2C(img,c) cimg_for2X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for2YZ(img,y,z) cimg_for2Z(img,z) cimg_for2Y(img,y)
+#define cimg_for2YC(img,y,c) cimg_for2C(img,c) cimg_for2Y(img,y)
+#define cimg_for2ZC(img,z,c) cimg_for2C(img,c) cimg_for2Z(img,z)
+#define cimg_for2XYZ(img,x,y,z) cimg_for2Z(img,z) cimg_for2XY(img,x,y)
+#define cimg_for2XZC(img,x,z,c) cimg_for2C(img,c) cimg_for2XZ(img,x,z)
+#define cimg_for2YZC(img,y,z,c) cimg_for2C(img,c) cimg_for2YZ(img,y,z)
+#define cimg_for2XYZC(img,x,y,z,c) cimg_for2C(img,c) cimg_for2XYZ(img,x,y,z)
+
+#define cimg_for_in2(bound,i0,i1,i) \
+ for (int i = (int)(i0)<0?0:(int)(i0), \
+      _n1##i = i+1>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+1; \
+      i<=(int)(i1) && (_n1##i<(int)(bound) || i==--_n1##i); \
+      ++i, ++_n1##i)
+#define cimg_for_in2X(img,x0,x1,x) cimg_for_in2((img)._width,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in2Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in2((img)._height,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in2Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in2((img)._depth,z0,z1,z)
+#define cimg_for_in2C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in2((img)._spectrum,c0,c1,c)
+#define cimg_for_in2XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y) cimg_for_in2Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in2X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in2XZ(img,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z) cimg_for_in2Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in2X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in2XC(img,x0,c0,x1,c1,x,c) cimg_for_in2C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in2X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in2YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z) cimg_for_in2Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in2Y(img,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in2YC(img,y0,c0,y1,c1,y,c) cimg_for_in2C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in2Y(img,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in2ZC(img,z0,c0,z1,c1,z,c) cimg_for_in2C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in2Z(img,z0,z1,z)
+#define cimg_for_in2XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z) cimg_for_in2Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in2XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y)
+#define cimg_for_in2XZC(img,x0,z0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x,z,c) cimg_for_in2C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in2XZ(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,z)
+#define cimg_for_in2YZC(img,y0,z0,c0,y1,z1,c1,y,z,c) cimg_for_in2C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in2YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z)
+#define cimg_for_in2XYZC(img,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,x,y,z,c) \
+  cimg_for_in2C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in2XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z)
+
+#define cimg_for3(bound,i) \
+ for (int i = 0, _p1##i = 0, \
+      _n1##i = 1>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:1; \
+      _n1##i<(int)(bound) || i==--_n1##i; \
+      _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i)
+#define cimg_for3X(img,x) cimg_for3((img)._width,x)
+#define cimg_for3Y(img,y) cimg_for3((img)._height,y)
+#define cimg_for3Z(img,z) cimg_for3((img)._depth,z)
+#define cimg_for3C(img,c) cimg_for3((img)._spectrum,c)
+#define cimg_for3XY(img,x,y) cimg_for3Y(img,y) cimg_for3X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for3XZ(img,x,z) cimg_for3Z(img,z) cimg_for3X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for3XC(img,x,c) cimg_for3C(img,c) cimg_for3X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for3YZ(img,y,z) cimg_for3Z(img,z) cimg_for3Y(img,y)
+#define cimg_for3YC(img,y,c) cimg_for3C(img,c) cimg_for3Y(img,y)
+#define cimg_for3ZC(img,z,c) cimg_for3C(img,c) cimg_for3Z(img,z)
+#define cimg_for3XYZ(img,x,y,z) cimg_for3Z(img,z) cimg_for3XY(img,x,y)
+#define cimg_for3XZC(img,x,z,c) cimg_for3C(img,c) cimg_for3XZ(img,x,z)
+#define cimg_for3YZC(img,y,z,c) cimg_for3C(img,c) cimg_for3YZ(img,y,z)
+#define cimg_for3XYZC(img,x,y,z,c) cimg_for3C(img,c) cimg_for3XYZ(img,x,y,z)
+
+#define cimg_for_in3(bound,i0,i1,i) \
+ for (int i = (int)(i0)<0?0:(int)(i0), \
+      _p1##i = i-1<0?0:i-1, \
+      _n1##i = i+1>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+1; \
+      i<=(int)(i1) && (_n1##i<(int)(bound) || i==--_n1##i); \
+      _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i)
+#define cimg_for_in3X(img,x0,x1,x) cimg_for_in3((img)._width,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in3Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in3((img)._height,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in3Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in3((img)._depth,z0,z1,z)
+#define cimg_for_in3C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in3((img)._spectrum,c0,c1,c)
+#define cimg_for_in3XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y) cimg_for_in3Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in3X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in3XZ(img,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z) cimg_for_in3Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in3X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in3XC(img,x0,c0,x1,c1,x,c) cimg_for_in3C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in3X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in3YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z) cimg_for_in3Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in3Y(img,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in3YC(img,y0,c0,y1,c1,y,c) cimg_for_in3C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in3Y(img,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in3ZC(img,z0,c0,z1,c1,z,c) cimg_for_in3C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in3Z(img,z0,z1,z)
+#define cimg_for_in3XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z) cimg_for_in3Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in3XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y)
+#define cimg_for_in3XZC(img,x0,z0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x,z,c) cimg_for_in3C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in3XZ(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,z)
+#define cimg_for_in3YZC(img,y0,z0,c0,y1,z1,c1,y,z,c) cimg_for_in3C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in3YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z)
+#define cimg_for_in3XYZC(img,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,x,y,z,c) \
+  cimg_for_in3C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in3XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z)
+
+#define cimg_for4(bound,i) \
+ for (int i = 0, _p1##i = 0, _n1##i = 1>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:1, \
+      _n2##i = 2>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:2; \
+      _n2##i<(int)(bound) || _n1##i==--_n2##i || i==(_n2##i = --_n1##i); \
+      _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i)
+#define cimg_for4X(img,x) cimg_for4((img)._width,x)
+#define cimg_for4Y(img,y) cimg_for4((img)._height,y)
+#define cimg_for4Z(img,z) cimg_for4((img)._depth,z)
+#define cimg_for4C(img,c) cimg_for4((img)._spectrum,c)
+#define cimg_for4XY(img,x,y) cimg_for4Y(img,y) cimg_for4X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for4XZ(img,x,z) cimg_for4Z(img,z) cimg_for4X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for4XC(img,x,c) cimg_for4C(img,c) cimg_for4X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for4YZ(img,y,z) cimg_for4Z(img,z) cimg_for4Y(img,y)
+#define cimg_for4YC(img,y,c) cimg_for4C(img,c) cimg_for4Y(img,y)
+#define cimg_for4ZC(img,z,c) cimg_for4C(img,c) cimg_for4Z(img,z)
+#define cimg_for4XYZ(img,x,y,z) cimg_for4Z(img,z) cimg_for4XY(img,x,y)
+#define cimg_for4XZC(img,x,z,c) cimg_for4C(img,c) cimg_for4XZ(img,x,z)
+#define cimg_for4YZC(img,y,z,c) cimg_for4C(img,c) cimg_for4YZ(img,y,z)
+#define cimg_for4XYZC(img,x,y,z,c) cimg_for4C(img,c) cimg_for4XYZ(img,x,y,z)
+
+#define cimg_for_in4(bound,i0,i1,i) \
+ for (int i = (int)(i0)<0?0:(int)(i0), \
+      _p1##i = i-1<0?0:i-1, \
+      _n1##i = i+1>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+1, \
+      _n2##i = i+2>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+2; \
+      i<=(int)(i1) && (_n2##i<(int)(bound) || _n1##i==--_n2##i || i==(_n2##i = --_n1##i)); \
+      _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i)
+#define cimg_for_in4X(img,x0,x1,x) cimg_for_in4((img)._width,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in4Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in4((img)._height,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in4Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in4((img)._depth,z0,z1,z)
+#define cimg_for_in4C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in4((img)._spectrum,c0,c1,c)
+#define cimg_for_in4XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y) cimg_for_in4Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in4X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in4XZ(img,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z) cimg_for_in4Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in4X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in4XC(img,x0,c0,x1,c1,x,c) cimg_for_in4C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in4X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in4YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z) cimg_for_in4Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in4Y(img,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in4YC(img,y0,c0,y1,c1,y,c) cimg_for_in4C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in4Y(img,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in4ZC(img,z0,c0,z1,c1,z,c) cimg_for_in4C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in4Z(img,z0,z1,z)
+#define cimg_for_in4XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z) cimg_for_in4Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in4XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y)
+#define cimg_for_in4XZC(img,x0,z0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x,z,c) cimg_for_in4C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in4XZ(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,z)
+#define cimg_for_in4YZC(img,y0,z0,c0,y1,z1,c1,y,z,c) cimg_for_in4C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in4YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z)
+#define cimg_for_in4XYZC(img,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,x,y,z,c) \
+  cimg_for_in4C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in4XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z)
+
+#define cimg_for5(bound,i) \
+ for (int i = 0, _p2##i = 0, _p1##i = 0, \
+      _n1##i = 1>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:1, \
+      _n2##i = 2>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:2; \
+      _n2##i<(int)(bound) || _n1##i==--_n2##i || i==(_n2##i = --_n1##i); \
+      _p2##i = _p1##i, _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i)
+#define cimg_for5X(img,x) cimg_for5((img)._width,x)
+#define cimg_for5Y(img,y) cimg_for5((img)._height,y)
+#define cimg_for5Z(img,z) cimg_for5((img)._depth,z)
+#define cimg_for5C(img,c) cimg_for5((img)._spectrum,c)
+#define cimg_for5XY(img,x,y) cimg_for5Y(img,y) cimg_for5X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for5XZ(img,x,z) cimg_for5Z(img,z) cimg_for5X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for5XC(img,x,c) cimg_for5C(img,c) cimg_for5X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for5YZ(img,y,z) cimg_for5Z(img,z) cimg_for5Y(img,y)
+#define cimg_for5YC(img,y,c) cimg_for5C(img,c) cimg_for5Y(img,y)
+#define cimg_for5ZC(img,z,c) cimg_for5C(img,c) cimg_for5Z(img,z)
+#define cimg_for5XYZ(img,x,y,z) cimg_for5Z(img,z) cimg_for5XY(img,x,y)
+#define cimg_for5XZC(img,x,z,c) cimg_for5C(img,c) cimg_for5XZ(img,x,z)
+#define cimg_for5YZC(img,y,z,c) cimg_for5C(img,c) cimg_for5YZ(img,y,z)
+#define cimg_for5XYZC(img,x,y,z,c) cimg_for5C(img,c) cimg_for5XYZ(img,x,y,z)
+
+#define cimg_for_in5(bound,i0,i1,i) \
+ for (int i = (int)(i0)<0?0:(int)(i0), \
+      _p2##i = i-2<0?0:i-2, \
+      _p1##i = i-1<0?0:i-1, \
+      _n1##i = i+1>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+1, \
+      _n2##i = i+2>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+2; \
+      i<=(int)(i1) && (_n2##i<(int)(bound) || _n1##i==--_n2##i || i==(_n2##i = --_n1##i)); \
+      _p2##i = _p1##i, _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i)
+#define cimg_for_in5X(img,x0,x1,x) cimg_for_in5((img)._width,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in5Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in5((img)._height,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in5Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in5((img)._depth,z0,z1,z)
+#define cimg_for_in5C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in5((img)._spectrum,c0,c1,c)
+#define cimg_for_in5XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y) cimg_for_in5Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in5X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in5XZ(img,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z) cimg_for_in5Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in5X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in5XC(img,x0,c0,x1,c1,x,c) cimg_for_in5C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in5X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in5YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z) cimg_for_in5Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in5Y(img,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in5YC(img,y0,c0,y1,c1,y,c) cimg_for_in5C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in5Y(img,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in5ZC(img,z0,c0,z1,c1,z,c) cimg_for_in5C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in5Z(img,z0,z1,z)
+#define cimg_for_in5XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z) cimg_for_in5Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in5XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y)
+#define cimg_for_in5XZC(img,x0,z0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x,z,c) cimg_for_in5C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in5XZ(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,z)
+#define cimg_for_in5YZC(img,y0,z0,c0,y1,z1,c1,y,z,c) cimg_for_in5C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in5YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z)
+#define cimg_for_in5XYZC(img,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,x,y,z,c) \
+  cimg_for_in5C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in5XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z)
+
+#define cimg_for6(bound,i) \
+ for (int i = 0, _p2##i = 0, _p1##i = 0, \
+      _n1##i = 1>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:1, \
+      _n2##i = 2>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:2, \
+      _n3##i = 3>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:3; \
+      _n3##i<(int)(bound) || _n2##i==--_n3##i || _n1##i==--_n2##i || i==(_n3##i = _n2##i = --_n1##i); \
+      _p2##i = _p1##i, _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i, ++_n3##i)
+#define cimg_for6X(img,x) cimg_for6((img)._width,x)
+#define cimg_for6Y(img,y) cimg_for6((img)._height,y)
+#define cimg_for6Z(img,z) cimg_for6((img)._depth,z)
+#define cimg_for6C(img,c) cimg_for6((img)._spectrum,c)
+#define cimg_for6XY(img,x,y) cimg_for6Y(img,y) cimg_for6X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for6XZ(img,x,z) cimg_for6Z(img,z) cimg_for6X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for6XC(img,x,c) cimg_for6C(img,c) cimg_for6X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for6YZ(img,y,z) cimg_for6Z(img,z) cimg_for6Y(img,y)
+#define cimg_for6YC(img,y,c) cimg_for6C(img,c) cimg_for6Y(img,y)
+#define cimg_for6ZC(img,z,c) cimg_for6C(img,c) cimg_for6Z(img,z)
+#define cimg_for6XYZ(img,x,y,z) cimg_for6Z(img,z) cimg_for6XY(img,x,y)
+#define cimg_for6XZC(img,x,z,c) cimg_for6C(img,c) cimg_for6XZ(img,x,z)
+#define cimg_for6YZC(img,y,z,c) cimg_for6C(img,c) cimg_for6YZ(img,y,z)
+#define cimg_for6XYZC(img,x,y,z,c) cimg_for6C(img,c) cimg_for6XYZ(img,x,y,z)
+
+#define cimg_for_in6(bound,i0,i1,i) \
+ for (int i = (int)(i0)<0?0:(int)(i0), \
+      _p2##i = i-2<0?0:i-2, \
+      _p1##i = i-1<0?0:i-1, \
+      _n1##i = i+1>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+1, \
+      _n2##i = i+2>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+2, \
+      _n3##i = i+3>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+3; \
+      i<=(int)(i1) && \
+      (_n3##i<(int)(bound) || _n2##i==--_n3##i || _n1##i==--_n2##i || i==(_n3##i = _n2##i = --_n1##i)); \
+      _p2##i = _p1##i, _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i, ++_n3##i)
+#define cimg_for_in6X(img,x0,x1,x) cimg_for_in6((img)._width,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in6Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in6((img)._height,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in6Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in6((img)._depth,z0,z1,z)
+#define cimg_for_in6C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in6((img)._spectrum,c0,c1,c)
+#define cimg_for_in6XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y) cimg_for_in6Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in6X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in6XZ(img,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z) cimg_for_in6Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in6X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in6XC(img,x0,c0,x1,c1,x,c) cimg_for_in6C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in6X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in6YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z) cimg_for_in6Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in6Y(img,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in6YC(img,y0,c0,y1,c1,y,c) cimg_for_in6C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in6Y(img,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in6ZC(img,z0,c0,z1,c1,z,c) cimg_for_in6C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in6Z(img,z0,z1,z)
+#define cimg_for_in6XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z) cimg_for_in6Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in6XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y)
+#define cimg_for_in6XZC(img,x0,z0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x,z,c) cimg_for_in6C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in6XZ(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,z)
+#define cimg_for_in6YZC(img,y0,z0,c0,y1,z1,c1,y,z,c) cimg_for_in6C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in6YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z)
+#define cimg_for_in6XYZC(img,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,x,y,z,c) \
+  cimg_for_in6C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in6XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z)
+
+#define cimg_for7(bound,i) \
+ for (int i = 0, _p3##i = 0, _p2##i = 0, _p1##i = 0, \
+      _n1##i = 1>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:1, \
+      _n2##i = 2>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:2, \
+      _n3##i = 3>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:3; \
+      _n3##i<(int)(bound) || _n2##i==--_n3##i || _n1##i==--_n2##i || i==(_n3##i = _n2##i = --_n1##i); \
+      _p3##i = _p2##i, _p2##i = _p1##i, _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i, ++_n3##i)
+#define cimg_for7X(img,x) cimg_for7((img)._width,x)
+#define cimg_for7Y(img,y) cimg_for7((img)._height,y)
+#define cimg_for7Z(img,z) cimg_for7((img)._depth,z)
+#define cimg_for7C(img,c) cimg_for7((img)._spectrum,c)
+#define cimg_for7XY(img,x,y) cimg_for7Y(img,y) cimg_for7X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for7XZ(img,x,z) cimg_for7Z(img,z) cimg_for7X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for7XC(img,x,c) cimg_for7C(img,c) cimg_for7X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for7YZ(img,y,z) cimg_for7Z(img,z) cimg_for7Y(img,y)
+#define cimg_for7YC(img,y,c) cimg_for7C(img,c) cimg_for7Y(img,y)
+#define cimg_for7ZC(img,z,c) cimg_for7C(img,c) cimg_for7Z(img,z)
+#define cimg_for7XYZ(img,x,y,z) cimg_for7Z(img,z) cimg_for7XY(img,x,y)
+#define cimg_for7XZC(img,x,z,c) cimg_for7C(img,c) cimg_for7XZ(img,x,z)
+#define cimg_for7YZC(img,y,z,c) cimg_for7C(img,c) cimg_for7YZ(img,y,z)
+#define cimg_for7XYZC(img,x,y,z,c) cimg_for7C(img,c) cimg_for7XYZ(img,x,y,z)
+
+#define cimg_for_in7(bound,i0,i1,i) \
+ for (int i = (int)(i0)<0?0:(int)(i0), \
+      _p3##i = i-3<0?0:i-3, \
+      _p2##i = i-2<0?0:i-2, \
+      _p1##i = i-1<0?0:i-1, \
+      _n1##i = i+1>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+1, \
+      _n2##i = i+2>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+2, \
+      _n3##i = i+3>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+3; \
+      i<=(int)(i1) && \
+      (_n3##i<(int)(bound) || _n2##i==--_n3##i || _n1##i==--_n2##i || i==(_n3##i = _n2##i = --_n1##i)); \
+      _p3##i = _p2##i, _p2##i = _p1##i, _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i, ++_n3##i)
+#define cimg_for_in7X(img,x0,x1,x) cimg_for_in7((img)._width,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in7Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in7((img)._height,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in7Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in7((img)._depth,z0,z1,z)
+#define cimg_for_in7C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in7((img)._spectrum,c0,c1,c)
+#define cimg_for_in7XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y) cimg_for_in7Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in7X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in7XZ(img,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z) cimg_for_in7Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in7X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in7XC(img,x0,c0,x1,c1,x,c) cimg_for_in7C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in7X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in7YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z) cimg_for_in7Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in7Y(img,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in7YC(img,y0,c0,y1,c1,y,c) cimg_for_in7C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in7Y(img,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in7ZC(img,z0,c0,z1,c1,z,c) cimg_for_in7C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in7Z(img,z0,z1,z)
+#define cimg_for_in7XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z) cimg_for_in7Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in7XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y)
+#define cimg_for_in7XZC(img,x0,z0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x,z,c) cimg_for_in7C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in7XZ(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,z)
+#define cimg_for_in7YZC(img,y0,z0,c0,y1,z1,c1,y,z,c) cimg_for_in7C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in7YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z)
+#define cimg_for_in7XYZC(img,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,x,y,z,c) \
+  cimg_for_in7C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in7XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z)
+
+#define cimg_for8(bound,i) \
+ for (int i = 0, _p3##i = 0, _p2##i = 0, _p1##i = 0, \
+      _n1##i = 1>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:1, \
+      _n2##i = 2>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:2, \
+      _n3##i = 3>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:3, \
+      _n4##i = 4>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:4; \
+      _n4##i<(int)(bound) || _n3##i==--_n4##i || _n2##i==--_n3##i || _n1##i==--_n2##i || \
+      i==(_n4##i = _n3##i = _n2##i = --_n1##i); \
+      _p3##i = _p2##i, _p2##i = _p1##i, _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i, ++_n3##i, ++_n4##i)
+#define cimg_for8X(img,x) cimg_for8((img)._width,x)
+#define cimg_for8Y(img,y) cimg_for8((img)._height,y)
+#define cimg_for8Z(img,z) cimg_for8((img)._depth,z)
+#define cimg_for8C(img,c) cimg_for8((img)._spectrum,c)
+#define cimg_for8XY(img,x,y) cimg_for8Y(img,y) cimg_for8X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for8XZ(img,x,z) cimg_for8Z(img,z) cimg_for8X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for8XC(img,x,c) cimg_for8C(img,c) cimg_for8X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for8YZ(img,y,z) cimg_for8Z(img,z) cimg_for8Y(img,y)
+#define cimg_for8YC(img,y,c) cimg_for8C(img,c) cimg_for8Y(img,y)
+#define cimg_for8ZC(img,z,c) cimg_for8C(img,c) cimg_for8Z(img,z)
+#define cimg_for8XYZ(img,x,y,z) cimg_for8Z(img,z) cimg_for8XY(img,x,y)
+#define cimg_for8XZC(img,x,z,c) cimg_for8C(img,c) cimg_for8XZ(img,x,z)
+#define cimg_for8YZC(img,y,z,c) cimg_for8C(img,c) cimg_for8YZ(img,y,z)
+#define cimg_for8XYZC(img,x,y,z,c) cimg_for8C(img,c) cimg_for8XYZ(img,x,y,z)
+
+#define cimg_for_in8(bound,i0,i1,i) \
+ for (int i = (int)(i0)<0?0:(int)(i0), \
+      _p3##i = i-3<0?0:i-3, \
+      _p2##i = i-2<0?0:i-2, \
+      _p1##i = i-1<0?0:i-1, \
+      _n1##i = i+1>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+1, \
+      _n2##i = i+2>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+2, \
+      _n3##i = i+3>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+3, \
+      _n4##i = i+4>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+4; \
+      i<=(int)(i1) && (_n4##i<(int)(bound) || _n3##i==--_n4##i || _n2##i==--_n3##i || _n1##i==--_n2##i || \
+      i==(_n4##i = _n3##i = _n2##i = --_n1##i)); \
+      _p3##i = _p2##i, _p2##i = _p1##i, _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i, ++_n3##i, ++_n4##i)
+#define cimg_for_in8X(img,x0,x1,x) cimg_for_in8((img)._width,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in8Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in8((img)._height,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in8Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in8((img)._depth,z0,z1,z)
+#define cimg_for_in8C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in8((img)._spectrum,c0,c1,c)
+#define cimg_for_in8XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y) cimg_for_in8Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in8X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in8XZ(img,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z) cimg_for_in8Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in8X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in8XC(img,x0,c0,x1,c1,x,c) cimg_for_in8C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in8X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in8YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z) cimg_for_in8Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in8Y(img,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in8YC(img,y0,c0,y1,c1,y,c) cimg_for_in8C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in8Y(img,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in8ZC(img,z0,c0,z1,c1,z,c) cimg_for_in8C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in8Z(img,z0,z1,z)
+#define cimg_for_in8XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z) cimg_for_in8Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in8XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y)
+#define cimg_for_in8XZC(img,x0,z0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x,z,c) cimg_for_in8C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in8XZ(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,z)
+#define cimg_for_in8YZC(img,y0,z0,c0,y1,z1,c1,y,z,c) cimg_for_in8C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in8YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z)
+#define cimg_for_in8XYZC(img,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,x,y,z,c) \
+  cimg_for_in8C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in8XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z)
+
+#define cimg_for9(bound,i) \
+  for (int i = 0, _p4##i = 0, _p3##i = 0, _p2##i = 0, _p1##i = 0, \
+       _n1##i = 1>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:1, \
+       _n2##i = 2>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:2, \
+       _n3##i = 3>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:3, \
+       _n4##i = 4>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:4; \
+       _n4##i<(int)(bound) || _n3##i==--_n4##i || _n2##i==--_n3##i || _n1##i==--_n2##i || \
+       i==(_n4##i = _n3##i = _n2##i = --_n1##i); \
+       _p4##i = _p3##i, _p3##i = _p2##i, _p2##i = _p1##i, _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i, ++_n3##i, ++_n4##i)
+#define cimg_for9X(img,x) cimg_for9((img)._width,x)
+#define cimg_for9Y(img,y) cimg_for9((img)._height,y)
+#define cimg_for9Z(img,z) cimg_for9((img)._depth,z)
+#define cimg_for9C(img,c) cimg_for9((img)._spectrum,c)
+#define cimg_for9XY(img,x,y) cimg_for9Y(img,y) cimg_for9X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for9XZ(img,x,z) cimg_for9Z(img,z) cimg_for9X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for9XC(img,x,c) cimg_for9C(img,c) cimg_for9X(img,x)
+#define cimg_for9YZ(img,y,z) cimg_for9Z(img,z) cimg_for9Y(img,y)
+#define cimg_for9YC(img,y,c) cimg_for9C(img,c) cimg_for9Y(img,y)
+#define cimg_for9ZC(img,z,c) cimg_for9C(img,c) cimg_for9Z(img,z)
+#define cimg_for9XYZ(img,x,y,z) cimg_for9Z(img,z) cimg_for9XY(img,x,y)
+#define cimg_for9XZC(img,x,z,c) cimg_for9C(img,c) cimg_for9XZ(img,x,z)
+#define cimg_for9YZC(img,y,z,c) cimg_for9C(img,c) cimg_for9YZ(img,y,z)
+#define cimg_for9XYZC(img,x,y,z,c) cimg_for9C(img,c) cimg_for9XYZ(img,x,y,z)
+
+#define cimg_for_in9(bound,i0,i1,i) \
+  for (int i = (int)(i0)<0?0:(int)(i0), \
+       _p4##i = i-4<0?0:i-4, \
+       _p3##i = i-3<0?0:i-3, \
+       _p2##i = i-2<0?0:i-2, \
+       _p1##i = i-1<0?0:i-1, \
+       _n1##i = i+1>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+1, \
+       _n2##i = i+2>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+2, \
+       _n3##i = i+3>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+3, \
+       _n4##i = i+4>=(int)(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:i+4; \
+       i<=(int)(i1) && (_n4##i<(int)(bound) || _n3##i==--_n4##i || _n2##i==--_n3##i || _n1##i==--_n2##i || \
+       i==(_n4##i = _n3##i = _n2##i = --_n1##i)); \
+       _p4##i = _p3##i, _p3##i = _p2##i, _p2##i = _p1##i, _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ++_n2##i, ++_n3##i, ++_n4##i)
+#define cimg_for_in9X(img,x0,x1,x) cimg_for_in9((img)._width,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in9Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in9((img)._height,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in9Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in9((img)._depth,z0,z1,z)
+#define cimg_for_in9C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in9((img)._spectrum,c0,c1,c)
+#define cimg_for_in9XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y) cimg_for_in9Y(img,y0,y1,y) cimg_for_in9X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in9XZ(img,x0,z0,x1,z1,x,z) cimg_for_in9Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in9X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in9XC(img,x0,c0,x1,c1,x,c) cimg_for_in9C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in9X(img,x0,x1,x)
+#define cimg_for_in9YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z) cimg_for_in9Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in9Y(img,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in9YC(img,y0,c0,y1,c1,y,c) cimg_for_in9C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in9Y(img,y0,y1,y)
+#define cimg_for_in9ZC(img,z0,c0,z1,c1,z,c) cimg_for_in9C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in9Z(img,z0,z1,z)
+#define cimg_for_in9XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z) cimg_for_in9Z(img,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in9XY(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y)
+#define cimg_for_in9XZC(img,x0,z0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x,z,c) cimg_for_in9C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in9XZ(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,z)
+#define cimg_for_in9YZC(img,y0,z0,c0,y1,z1,c1,y,z,c) cimg_for_in9C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in9YZ(img,y0,z0,y1,z1,y,z)
+#define cimg_for_in9XYZC(img,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,x,y,z,c) \
+  cimg_for_in9C(img,c0,c1,c) cimg_for_in9XYZ(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z)
+
+#define cimg_for2x2(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  cimg_for2((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
+   _n1##x = (int)( \
+   (I[0] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[2] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   1>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:1);  \
+   (_n1##x<(img).width() && ( \
+   (I[1] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)),1)) || \
+   x==--_n1##x; \
+   I[0] = I[1], \
+   I[2] = I[3], \
+   ++x, ++_n1##x)
+
+#define cimg_for_in2x2(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  cimg_for_in2((img)._height,y0,y1,y) for (int x = (int)(x0)<0?0:(int)(x0), \
+   _n1##x = (int)( \
+   (I[0] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[2] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   x+1>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+1); \
+   x<=(int)(x1) && ((_n1##x<(img).width() && (  \
+   (I[1] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)),1)) || \
+   x==--_n1##x); \
+   I[0] = I[1], \
+   I[2] = I[3], \
+   ++x, ++_n1##x)
+
+#define cimg_for3x3(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  cimg_for3((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
+   _p1##x = 0, \
+   _n1##x = (int)( \
+   (I[0] = I[1] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[3] = I[4] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[6] = I[7] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)),	\
+   1>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:1); \
+   (_n1##x<(img).width() && ( \
+   (I[2] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)),1)) || \
+   x==--_n1##x; \
+   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], \
+   I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], \
+   I[6] = I[7], I[7] = I[8], \
+   _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x)
+
+#define cimg_for_in3x3(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  cimg_for_in3((img)._height,y0,y1,y) for (int x = (int)(x0)<0?0:(int)(x0), \
+   _p1##x = x-1<0?0:x-1, \
+   _n1##x = (int)( \
+   (I[0] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[1] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[4] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[7] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   x+1>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+1); \
+   x<=(int)(x1) && ((_n1##x<(img).width() && ( \
+   (I[2] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)),1)) || \
+   x==--_n1##x);	    \
+   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], \
+   I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], \
+   I[6] = I[7], I[7] = I[8], \
+   _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x)
+
+#define cimg_for4x4(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  cimg_for4((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
+   _p1##x = 0, \
+   _n1##x = 1>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:1, \
+   _n2##x = (int)( \
+   (I[0] = I[1] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[4] = I[5] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[8] = I[9] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[12] = I[13] = (T)(img)(0,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[2] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[10] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[14] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   2>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:2); \
+   (_n2##x<(img).width() && ( \
+   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[7] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[11] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[15] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)),1)) || \
+   _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n2##x = --_n1##x); \
+   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], \
+   I[4] = I[5], I[5] = I[6], I[6] = I[7], \
+   I[8] = I[9], I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], \
+   I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], I[14] = I[15], \
+   _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x)
+
+#define cimg_for_in4x4(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  cimg_for_in4((img)._height,y0,y1,y) for (int x = (int)(x0)<0?0:(int)(x0), \
+   _p1##x = x-1<0?0:x-1, \
+   _n1##x = x+1>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+1, \
+   _n2##x = (int)( \
+   (I[0] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[4] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[12] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[1] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[5] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[9] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[13] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[2] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[10] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[14] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   x+2>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+2); \
+   x<=(int)(x1) && ((_n2##x<(img).width() && ( \
+   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[7] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[11] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[15] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)),1)) || \
+   _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n2##x = --_n1##x)); \
+   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], \
+   I[4] = I[5], I[5] = I[6], I[6] = I[7], \
+   I[8] = I[9], I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], \
+   I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], I[14] = I[15], \
+   _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x)
+
+#define cimg_for5x5(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+ cimg_for5((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
+   _p2##x = 0, _p1##x = 0, \
+   _n1##x = 1>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:1, \
+   _n2##x = (int)( \
+   (I[0] = I[1] = I[2] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[5] = I[6] = I[7] = (T)(img)(0,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[10] = I[11] = I[12] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[15] = I[16] = I[17] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[20] = I[21] = I[22] = (T)(img)(0,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[13] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[18] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[23] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)),  \
+   2>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:2); \
+   (_n2##x<(img).width() && ( \
+   (I[4] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[9] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[14] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[19] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[24] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)),1)) || \
+   _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n2##x = --_n1##x); \
+   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], I[3] = I[4], \
+   I[5] = I[6], I[6] = I[7], I[7] = I[8], I[8] = I[9], \
+   I[10] = I[11], I[11] = I[12], I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], \
+   I[15] = I[16], I[16] = I[17], I[17] = I[18], I[18] = I[19], \
+   I[20] = I[21], I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], I[23] = I[24], \
+   _p2##x = _p1##x, _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x)
+
+#define cimg_for_in5x5(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+ cimg_for_in5((img)._height,y0,y1,y) for (int x = (int)(x0)<0?0:(int)(x0), \
+   _p2##x = x-2<0?0:x-2, \
+   _p1##x = x-1<0?0:x-1, \
+   _n1##x = x+1>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+1, \
+   _n2##x = (int)( \
+   (I[0] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[10] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[15] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[20] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[1] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[11] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[16] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[21] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[2] = (T)(img)(x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[7] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[12] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[17] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[22] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[13] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[18] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[23] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   x+2>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+2); \
+   x<=(int)(x1) && ((_n2##x<(img).width() && ( \
+   (I[4] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[9] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[14] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[19] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[24] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)),1)) || \
+   _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n2##x = --_n1##x)); \
+   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], I[3] = I[4], \
+   I[5] = I[6], I[6] = I[7], I[7] = I[8], I[8] = I[9], \
+   I[10] = I[11], I[11] = I[12], I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], \
+   I[15] = I[16], I[16] = I[17], I[17] = I[18], I[18] = I[19], \
+   I[20] = I[21], I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], I[23] = I[24], \
+   _p2##x = _p1##x, _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x)
+
+#define cimg_for6x6(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+ cimg_for6((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
+   _p2##x = 0, _p1##x = 0, \
+   _n1##x = 1>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:1, \
+   _n2##x = 2>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:2, \
+   _n3##x = (int)( \
+   (I[0] = I[1] = I[2] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[6] = I[7] = I[8] = (T)(img)(0,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[12] = I[13] = I[14] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[18] = I[19] = I[20] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[24] = I[25] = I[26] = (T)(img)(0,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[30] = I[31] = I[32] = (T)(img)(0,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[9] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[15] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[21] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[27] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[33] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[4] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[10] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[16] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[22] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[28] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[34] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   3>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:3); \
+   (_n3##x<(img).width() && ( \
+   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[11] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[17] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[23] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[29] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[35] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c)),1)) || \
+   _n2##x==--_n3##x || _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n3## x = _n2##x = --_n1##x); \
+   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], \
+   I[6] = I[7], I[7] = I[8], I[8] = I[9], I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], \
+   I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], I[14] = I[15], I[15] = I[16], I[16] = I[17], \
+   I[18] = I[19], I[19] = I[20], I[20] = I[21], I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], \
+   I[24] = I[25], I[25] = I[26], I[26] = I[27], I[27] = I[28], I[28] = I[29], \
+   I[30] = I[31], I[31] = I[32], I[32] = I[33], I[33] = I[34], I[34] = I[35], \
+   _p2##x = _p1##x, _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x, ++_n3##x)
+
+#define cimg_for_in6x6(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  cimg_for_in6((img)._height,y0,y1,y) for (int x = (int)(x0)<0?0:(int)x0, \
+   _p2##x = x-2<0?0:x-2, \
+   _p1##x = x-1<0?0:x-1, \
+   _n1##x = x+1>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+1, \
+   _n2##x = x+2>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+2, \
+   _n3##x = (int)( \
+   (I[0] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[12] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[18] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[24] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[30] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[1] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[7] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[13] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[19] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[25] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[31] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[2] = (T)(img)(x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[8] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[14] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[20] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[26] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[32] = (T)(img)(x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[9] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[15] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[21] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[27] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[33] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[4] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[10] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[16] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[22] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[28] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[34] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   x+3>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+3); \
+   x<=(int)(x1) && ((_n3##x<(img).width() && ( \
+   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[11] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[17] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[23] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[29] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[35] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c)),1)) || \
+   _n2##x==--_n3##x || _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n3## x = _n2##x = --_n1##x)); \
+   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], \
+   I[6] = I[7], I[7] = I[8], I[8] = I[9], I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], \
+   I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], I[14] = I[15], I[15] = I[16], I[16] = I[17], \
+   I[18] = I[19], I[19] = I[20], I[20] = I[21], I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], \
+   I[24] = I[25], I[25] = I[26], I[26] = I[27], I[27] = I[28], I[28] = I[29], \
+   I[30] = I[31], I[31] = I[32], I[32] = I[33], I[33] = I[34], I[34] = I[35], \
+   _p2##x = _p1##x, _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x, ++_n3##x)
+
+#define cimg_for7x7(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  cimg_for7((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
+   _p3##x = 0, _p2##x = 0, _p1##x = 0, \
+   _n1##x = 1>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:1, \
+   _n2##x = 2>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:2, \
+   _n3##x = (int)( \
+   (I[0] = I[1] = I[2] = I[3] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[7] = I[8] = I[9] = I[10] = (T)(img)(0,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[14] = I[15] = I[16] = I[17] = (T)(img)(0,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[21] = I[22] = I[23] = I[24] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[28] = I[29] = I[30] = I[31] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[35] = I[36] = I[37] = I[38] = (T)(img)(0,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[42] = I[43] = I[44] = I[45] = (T)(img)(0,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[4] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[11] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[18] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[25] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[32] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[39] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[46] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[12] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[19] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[26] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[33] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[40] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[47] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   3>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:3); \
+   (_n3##x<(img).width() && ( \
+   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[13] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[20] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[27] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[34] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[41] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[48] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c)),1)) || \
+   _n2##x==--_n3##x || _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n3##x = _n2##x = --_n1##x); \
+   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], I[5] = I[6], \
+   I[7] = I[8], I[8] = I[9], I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], I[11] = I[12], I[12] = I[13], \
+   I[14] = I[15], I[15] = I[16], I[16] = I[17], I[17] = I[18], I[18] = I[19], I[19] = I[20], \
+   I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], I[23] = I[24], I[24] = I[25], I[25] = I[26], I[26] = I[27], \
+   I[28] = I[29], I[29] = I[30], I[30] = I[31], I[31] = I[32], I[32] = I[33], I[33] = I[34], \
+   I[35] = I[36], I[36] = I[37], I[37] = I[38], I[38] = I[39], I[39] = I[40], I[40] = I[41], \
+   I[42] = I[43], I[43] = I[44], I[44] = I[45], I[45] = I[46], I[46] = I[47], I[47] = I[48], \
+   _p3##x = _p2##x, _p2##x = _p1##x, _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x, ++_n3##x)
+
+#define cimg_for_in7x7(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  cimg_for_in7((img)._height,y0,y1,y) for (int x = (int)(x0)<0?0:(int)(x0), \
+   _p3##x = x-3<0?0:x-3, \
+   _p2##x = x-2<0?0:x-2, \
+   _p1##x = x-1<0?0:x-1, \
+   _n1##x = x+1>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+1, \
+   _n2##x = x+2>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+2, \
+   _n3##x = (int)( \
+   (I[0] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[7] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[14] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[21] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[28] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[35] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[42] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[1] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[15] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[22] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[29] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[36] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[43] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[2] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[9] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[16] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[23] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[30] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[37] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[44] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[3] = (T)(img)(x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[10] = (T)(img)(x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[17] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[24] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[31] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[38] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[45] = (T)(img)(x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[4] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[11] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[18] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[25] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[32] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[39] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[46] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[12] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[19] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[26] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[33] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[40] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[47] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   x+3>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+3); \
+   x<=(int)(x1) && ((_n3##x<(img).width() && ( \
+   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[13] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[20] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[27] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[34] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[41] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[48] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c)),1)) || \
+   _n2##x==--_n3##x || _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n3##x = _n2##x = --_n1##x)); \
+   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], I[5] = I[6], \
+   I[7] = I[8], I[8] = I[9], I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], I[11] = I[12], I[12] = I[13], \
+   I[14] = I[15], I[15] = I[16], I[16] = I[17], I[17] = I[18], I[18] = I[19], I[19] = I[20], \
+   I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], I[23] = I[24], I[24] = I[25], I[25] = I[26], I[26] = I[27], \
+   I[28] = I[29], I[29] = I[30], I[30] = I[31], I[31] = I[32], I[32] = I[33], I[33] = I[34], \
+   I[35] = I[36], I[36] = I[37], I[37] = I[38], I[38] = I[39], I[39] = I[40], I[40] = I[41], \
+   I[42] = I[43], I[43] = I[44], I[44] = I[45], I[45] = I[46], I[46] = I[47], I[47] = I[48], \
+   _p3##x = _p2##x, _p2##x = _p1##x, _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x, ++_n3##x)
+
+#define cimg_for8x8(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  cimg_for8((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
+   _p3##x = 0, _p2##x = 0, _p1##x = 0, \
+   _n1##x = 1>=((img)._width)?(img).width()-1:1, \
+   _n2##x = 2>=((img)._width)?(img).width()-1:2, \
+   _n3##x = 3>=((img)._width)?(img).width()-1:3, \
+   _n4##x = (int)( \
+   (I[0] = I[1] = I[2] = I[3] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[8] = I[9] = I[10] = I[11] = (T)(img)(0,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[16] = I[17] = I[18] = I[19] = (T)(img)(0,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[24] = I[25] = I[26] = I[27] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[32] = I[33] = I[34] = I[35] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[40] = I[41] = I[42] = I[43] = (T)(img)(0,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[48] = I[49] = I[50] = I[51] = (T)(img)(0,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[56] = I[57] = I[58] = I[59] = (T)(img)(0,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[4] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[12] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[20] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[28] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[36] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[44] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[52] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[60] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[13] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[21] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[29] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[37] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[45] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[53] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[61] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[14] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[22] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[30] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[38] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[46] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[54] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[62] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   4>=((img)._width)?(img).width()-1:4); \
+   (_n4##x<(img).width() && ( \
+   (I[7] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[15] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[23] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[31] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[39] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[47] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[55] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[63] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n4##y,z,c)),1)) || \
+   _n3##x==--_n4##x || _n2##x==--_n3##x || _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n4##x = _n3##x = _n2##x = --_n1##x); \
+   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], I[5] = I[6], I[6] = I[7], \
+   I[8] = I[9], I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], I[11] = I[12], I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], I[14] = I[15], \
+   I[16] = I[17], I[17] = I[18], I[18] = I[19], I[19] = I[20], I[20] = I[21], I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], \
+   I[24] = I[25], I[25] = I[26], I[26] = I[27], I[27] = I[28], I[28] = I[29], I[29] = I[30], I[30] = I[31], \
+   I[32] = I[33], I[33] = I[34], I[34] = I[35], I[35] = I[36], I[36] = I[37], I[37] = I[38], I[38] = I[39], \
+   I[40] = I[41], I[41] = I[42], I[42] = I[43], I[43] = I[44], I[44] = I[45], I[45] = I[46], I[46] = I[47], \
+   I[48] = I[49], I[49] = I[50], I[50] = I[51], I[51] = I[52], I[52] = I[53], I[53] = I[54], I[54] = I[55], \
+   I[56] = I[57], I[57] = I[58], I[58] = I[59], I[59] = I[60], I[60] = I[61], I[61] = I[62], I[62] = I[63], \
+   _p3##x = _p2##x, _p2##x = _p1##x, _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x, ++_n3##x, ++_n4##x)
+
+#define cimg_for_in8x8(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  cimg_for_in8((img)._height,y0,y1,y) for (int x = (int)(x0)<0?0:(int)(x0), \
+   _p3##x = x-3<0?0:x-3, \
+   _p2##x = x-2<0?0:x-2, \
+   _p1##x = x-1<0?0:x-1, \
+   _n1##x = x+1>=(img).width()?(img).width()-1:x+1, \
+   _n2##x = x+2>=(img).width()?(img).width()-1:x+2, \
+   _n3##x = x+3>=(img).width()?(img).width()-1:x+3, \
+   _n4##x = (int)( \
+   (I[0] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[16] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[24] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[32] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[40] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[48] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[56] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[1] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[9] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[17] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[25] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[33] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[41] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[49] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[57] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[2] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[10] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[18] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[26] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[34] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[42] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[50] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[58] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[3] = (T)(img)(x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[11] = (T)(img)(x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[19] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[27] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[35] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[43] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[51] = (T)(img)(x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[59] = (T)(img)(x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[4] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[12] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[20] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[28] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[36] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[44] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[52] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[60] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[13] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[21] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[29] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[37] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[45] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[53] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[61] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[14] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[22] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[30] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[38] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[46] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[54] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[62] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   x+4>=(img).width()?(img).width()-1:x+4); \
+   x<=(int)(x1) && ((_n4##x<(img).width() && ( \
+   (I[7] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[15] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[23] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[31] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[39] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[47] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[55] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[63] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n4##y,z,c)),1)) || \
+   _n3##x==--_n4##x || _n2##x==--_n3##x || _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n4##x = _n3##x = _n2##x = --_n1##x)); \
+   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], I[5] = I[6], I[6] = I[7], \
+   I[8] = I[9], I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], I[11] = I[12], I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], I[14] = I[15], \
+   I[16] = I[17], I[17] = I[18], I[18] = I[19], I[19] = I[20], I[20] = I[21], I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], \
+   I[24] = I[25], I[25] = I[26], I[26] = I[27], I[27] = I[28], I[28] = I[29], I[29] = I[30], I[30] = I[31], \
+   I[32] = I[33], I[33] = I[34], I[34] = I[35], I[35] = I[36], I[36] = I[37], I[37] = I[38], I[38] = I[39], \
+   I[40] = I[41], I[41] = I[42], I[42] = I[43], I[43] = I[44], I[44] = I[45], I[45] = I[46], I[46] = I[47], \
+   I[48] = I[49], I[49] = I[50], I[50] = I[51], I[51] = I[52], I[52] = I[53], I[53] = I[54], I[54] = I[55], \
+   I[56] = I[57], I[57] = I[58], I[58] = I[59], I[59] = I[60], I[60] = I[61], I[61] = I[62], I[62] = I[63], \
+   _p3##x = _p2##x, _p2##x = _p1##x, _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x, ++_n3##x, ++_n4##x)
+
+#define cimg_for9x9(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  cimg_for9((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
+   _p4##x = 0, _p3##x = 0, _p2##x = 0, _p1##x = 0, \
+   _n1##x = 1>=((img)._width)?(img).width()-1:1, \
+   _n2##x = 2>=((img)._width)?(img).width()-1:2, \
+   _n3##x = 3>=((img)._width)?(img).width()-1:3, \
+   _n4##x = (int)( \
+   (I[0] = I[1] = I[2] = I[3] = I[4] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[9] = I[10] = I[11] = I[12] = I[13] = (T)(img)(0,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[18] = I[19] = I[20] = I[21] = I[22] = (T)(img)(0,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[27] = I[28] = I[29] = I[30] = I[31] = (T)(img)(0,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[36] = I[37] = I[38] = I[39] = I[40] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[45] = I[46] = I[47] = I[48] = I[49] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[54] = I[55] = I[56] = I[57] = I[58] = (T)(img)(0,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[63] = I[64] = I[65] = I[66] = I[67] = (T)(img)(0,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[72] = I[73] = I[74] = I[75] = I[76] = (T)(img)(0,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[14] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[23] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[32] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[41] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[50] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[59] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[68] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[77] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[15] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[24] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[33] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[42] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[51] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[60] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[69] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[78] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[7] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[16] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[25] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[34] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[43] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[52] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[61] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[70] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[79] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   4>=((img)._width)?(img).width()-1:4); \
+   (_n4##x<(img).width() && ( \
+   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[17] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[26] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[35] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[44] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[53] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[62] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[71] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[80] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n4##y,z,c)),1)) || \
+   _n3##x==--_n4##x || _n2##x==--_n3##x || _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n4##x = _n3##x = _n2##x = --_n1##x); \
+   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], I[5] = I[6], I[6] = I[7], I[7] = I[8], \
+   I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], I[11] = I[12], I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], I[14] = I[15], I[15] = I[16], \
+   I[16] = I[17], I[18] = I[19], I[19] = I[20], I[20] = I[21], I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], I[23] = I[24], \
+   I[24] = I[25], I[25] = I[26], I[27] = I[28], I[28] = I[29], I[29] = I[30], I[30] = I[31], I[31] = I[32], \
+   I[32] = I[33], I[33] = I[34], I[34] = I[35], I[36] = I[37], I[37] = I[38], I[38] = I[39], I[39] = I[40], \
+   I[40] = I[41], I[41] = I[42], I[42] = I[43], I[43] = I[44], I[45] = I[46], I[46] = I[47], I[47] = I[48], \
+   I[48] = I[49], I[49] = I[50], I[50] = I[51], I[51] = I[52], I[52] = I[53], I[54] = I[55], I[55] = I[56], \
+   I[56] = I[57], I[57] = I[58], I[58] = I[59], I[59] = I[60], I[60] = I[61], I[61] = I[62], I[63] = I[64], \
+   I[64] = I[65], I[65] = I[66], I[66] = I[67], I[67] = I[68], I[68] = I[69], I[69] = I[70], I[70] = I[71], \
+   I[72] = I[73], I[73] = I[74], I[74] = I[75], I[75] = I[76], I[76] = I[77], I[77] = I[78], I[78] = I[79], \
+   I[79] = I[80], \
+   _p4##x = _p3##x, _p3##x = _p2##x, _p2##x = _p1##x, _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x, ++_n3##x, ++_n4##x)
+
+#define cimg_for_in9x9(img,x0,y0,x1,y1,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  cimg_for_in9((img)._height,y0,y1,y) for (int x = (int)(x0)<0?0:(int)(x0), \
+   _p4##x = x-4<0?0:x-4, \
+   _p3##x = x-3<0?0:x-3, \
+   _p2##x = x-2<0?0:x-2, \
+   _p1##x = x-1<0?0:x-1, \
+   _n1##x = x+1>=(img).width()?(img).width()-1:x+1, \
+   _n2##x = x+2>=(img).width()?(img).width()-1:x+2, \
+   _n3##x = x+3>=(img).width()?(img).width()-1:x+3, \
+   _n4##x = (int)( \
+   (I[0] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[9] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[18] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[27] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[36] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[45] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[54] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[63] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[72] = (T)(img)(_p4##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[1] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[10] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[19] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[28] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[37] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[46] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[55] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[64] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[73] = (T)(img)(_p3##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[2] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[11] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[20] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[29] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[38] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[47] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[56] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[65] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[74] = (T)(img)(_p2##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[12] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[21] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[30] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[39] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[48] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[57] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[66] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[75] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[4] = (T)(img)(x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[13] = (T)(img)(x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[22] = (T)(img)(x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[31] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[40] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[49] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[58] = (T)(img)(x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[67] = (T)(img)(x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[76] = (T)(img)(x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[14] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[23] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[32] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[41] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[50] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[59] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[68] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[77] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[15] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[24] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[33] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[42] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[51] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[60] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[69] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[78] = (T)(img)(_n2##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[7] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[16] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[25] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[34] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[43] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[52] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[61] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[70] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[79] = (T)(img)(_n3##x,_n4##y,z,c)), \
+   x+4>=(img).width()?(img).width()-1:x+4); \
+   x<=(int)(x1) && ((_n4##x<(img).width() && ( \
+   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p4##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[17] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[26] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[35] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[44] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[53] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[62] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n2##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[71] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n3##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[80] = (T)(img)(_n4##x,_n4##y,z,c)),1)) || \
+   _n3##x==--_n4##x || _n2##x==--_n3##x || _n1##x==--_n2##x || x==(_n4##x = _n3##x = _n2##x = --_n1##x)); \
+   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[2] = I[3], I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], I[5] = I[6], I[6] = I[7], I[7] = I[8], \
+   I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], I[11] = I[12], I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], I[14] = I[15], I[15] = I[16], \
+   I[16] = I[17], I[18] = I[19], I[19] = I[20], I[20] = I[21], I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], I[23] = I[24], \
+   I[24] = I[25], I[25] = I[26], I[27] = I[28], I[28] = I[29], I[29] = I[30], I[30] = I[31], I[31] = I[32], \
+   I[32] = I[33], I[33] = I[34], I[34] = I[35], I[36] = I[37], I[37] = I[38], I[38] = I[39], I[39] = I[40], \
+   I[40] = I[41], I[41] = I[42], I[42] = I[43], I[43] = I[44], I[45] = I[46], I[46] = I[47], I[47] = I[48], \
+   I[48] = I[49], I[49] = I[50], I[50] = I[51], I[51] = I[52], I[52] = I[53], I[54] = I[55], I[55] = I[56], \
+   I[56] = I[57], I[57] = I[58], I[58] = I[59], I[59] = I[60], I[60] = I[61], I[61] = I[62], I[63] = I[64], \
+   I[64] = I[65], I[65] = I[66], I[66] = I[67], I[67] = I[68], I[68] = I[69], I[69] = I[70], I[70] = I[71], \
+   I[72] = I[73], I[73] = I[74], I[74] = I[75], I[75] = I[76], I[76] = I[77], I[77] = I[78], I[78] = I[79], \
+   I[79] = I[80], \
+   _p4##x = _p3##x, _p3##x = _p2##x, _p2##x = _p1##x, _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x, ++_n2##x, ++_n3##x, ++_n4##x)
+
+#define cimg_for2x2x2(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+ cimg_for2((img)._depth,z) cimg_for2((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
+   _n1##x = (int)( \
+   (I[0] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[2] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[4] = (T)(img)(0,y,_n1##z,c)), \
+   (I[6] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,_n1##z,c)), \
+   1>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:1); \
+   (_n1##x<(img).width() && ( \
+   (I[1] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,_n1##z,c)), \
+   (I[7] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c)),1)) || \
+   x==--_n1##x; \
+   I[0] = I[1], I[2] = I[3], I[4] = I[5], I[6] = I[7], \
+   ++x, ++_n1##x)
+
+#define cimg_for_in2x2x2(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+ cimg_for_in2((img)._depth,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in2((img)._height,y0,y1,y) for (int x = (int)(x0)<0?0:(int)(x0), \
+   _n1##x = (int)( \
+   (I[0] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[2] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[4] = (T)(img)(x,y,_n1##z,c)), \
+   (I[6] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c)), \
+   x+1>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+1); \
+   x<=(int)(x1) && ((_n1##x<(img).width() && ( \
+   (I[1] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,_n1##z,c)), \
+   (I[7] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c)),1)) || \
+   x==--_n1##x); \
+   I[0] = I[1], I[2] = I[3], I[4] = I[5], I[6] = I[7], \
+   ++x, ++_n1##x)
+
+#define cimg_for3x3x3(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+ cimg_for3((img)._depth,z) cimg_for3((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
+   _p1##x = 0, \
+   _n1##x = (int)( \
+   (I[0] = I[1] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,_p1##z,c)), \
+   (I[3] = I[4] = (T)(img)(0,y,_p1##z,c)),  \
+   (I[6] = I[7] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,_p1##z,c)), \
+   (I[9] = I[10] = (T)(img)(0,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[12] = I[13] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[15] = I[16] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[18] = I[19] = (T)(img)(0,_p1##y,_n1##z,c)), \
+   (I[21] = I[22] = (T)(img)(0,y,_n1##z,c)), \
+   (I[24] = I[25] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,_n1##z,c)), \
+   1>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:1); \
+   (_n1##x<(img).width() && ( \
+   (I[2] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,_p1##z,c)), \
+   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,_p1##z,c)), \
+   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,_p1##z,c)), \
+   (I[11] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[14] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[17] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[20] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,_n1##z,c)), \
+   (I[23] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,_n1##z,c)), \
+   (I[26] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c)),1)) || \
+   x==--_n1##x; \
+   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], I[6] = I[7], I[7] = I[8], \
+   I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], I[15] = I[16], I[16] = I[17], \
+   I[18] = I[19], I[19] = I[20], I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], I[24] = I[25], I[25] = I[26], \
+   _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x)
+
+#define cimg_for_in3x3x3(img,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+ cimg_for_in3((img)._depth,z0,z1,z) cimg_for_in3((img)._height,y0,y1,y) for (int x = (int)(x0)<0?0:(int)(x0), \
+   _p1##x = x-1<0?0:x-1, \
+   _n1##x = (int)( \
+   (I[0] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,_p1##z,c)), \
+   (I[3] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,_p1##z,c)),  \
+   (I[6] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,_p1##z,c)), \
+   (I[9] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[12] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[15] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[18] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,_n1##z,c)), \
+   (I[21] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,y,_n1##z,c)), \
+   (I[24] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c)), \
+   (I[1] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,_p1##z,c)), \
+   (I[4] = (T)(img)(x,y,_p1##z,c)),  \
+   (I[7] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,_p1##z,c)), \
+   (I[10] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[13] = (T)(img)(x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[16] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[19] = (T)(img)(x,_p1##y,_n1##z,c)), \
+   (I[22] = (T)(img)(x,y,_n1##z,c)), \
+   (I[25] = (T)(img)(x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c)), \
+   x+1>=(int)(img)._width?(img).width()-1:x+1); \
+   x<=(int)(x1) && ((_n1##x<(img).width() && ( \
+   (I[2] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,_p1##z,c)), \
+   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,_p1##z,c)), \
+   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,_p1##z,c)), \
+   (I[11] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[14] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[17] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[20] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,_n1##z,c)), \
+   (I[23] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,_n1##z,c)), \
+   (I[26] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,_n1##z,c)),1)) || \
+   x==--_n1##x); \
+   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], I[6] = I[7], I[7] = I[8], \
+   I[9] = I[10], I[10] = I[11], I[12] = I[13], I[13] = I[14], I[15] = I[16], I[16] = I[17], \
+   I[18] = I[19], I[19] = I[20], I[21] = I[22], I[22] = I[23], I[24] = I[25], I[25] = I[26], \
+   _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x)
+
+#define cimglist_for(list,l) for (int l = 0; l<(int)(list)._width; ++l)
+#define cimglist_for_in(list,l0,l1,l) \
+  for (int l = (int)(l0)<0?0:(int)(l0), _max##l = (unsigned int)l1<(list)._width?(int)(l1):(int)(list)._width-1; \
+  l<=_max##l; ++l)
+
+#define cimglist_apply(list,fn) cimglist_for(list,__##fn) (list)[__##fn].fn
+
+// Macros used to display error messages when exceptions are thrown.
+// You should not use these macros is your own code.
+#define _cimgdisplay_instance "[instance(%u,%u,%u,%c%s%c)] CImgDisplay::"
+#define cimgdisplay_instance _width,_height,_normalization,_title?'\"':'[',_title?_title:"untitled",_title?'\"':']'
+#define _cimg_instance "[instance(%u,%u,%u,%u,%p,%sshared)] CImg<%s>::"
+#define cimg_instance _width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,_data,_is_shared?"":"non-",pixel_type()
+#define _cimglist_instance "[instance(%u,%u,%p)] CImgList<%s>::"
+#define cimglist_instance _width,_allocated_width,_data,pixel_type()
+
+/*------------------------------------------------
+ #
+ #
+ #  Define cimg_library:: namespace
+ #
+ #
+ -------------------------------------------------*/
+//! Contains <i>all classes and functions</i> of the \CImg library.
+/**
+   This namespace is defined to avoid functions and class names collisions
+   that could happen with the inclusion of other C++ header files.
+   Anyway, it should not happen often and you should reasonnably start most of your
+   \CImg-based programs with
+   \code
+   #include "CImg.h"
+   using namespace cimg_library;
+   \endcode
+   to simplify the declaration of \CImg Library objects afterwards.
+**/
+namespace cimg_library_suffixed {
+
+  // Declare the four classes of the CImg Library.
+  template<typename T=float> struct CImg;
+  template<typename T=float> struct CImgList;
+  struct CImgDisplay;
+  struct CImgException;
+
+  // Declare cimg:: namespace.
+  // This is an uncomplete namespace definition here. It only contains some
+  // necessary stuffs to ensure a correct declaration order of the classes and functions
+  // defined afterwards.
+  namespace cimg {
+
+    // Define ascii sequences for colored terminal output.
+#ifdef cimg_use_vt100
+    const char t_normal[] = { 0x1b, '[', '0', ';', '0', ';', '0', 'm', 0 };
+    const char t_black[] = { 0x1b, '[', '0', ';', '3', '0', ';', '5', '9', 'm', 0 };
+    const char t_red[] = { 0x1b, '[', '0', ';', '3', '1', ';', '5', '9', 'm', 0 };
+    const char t_green[] = { 0x1b, '[', '0', ';', '3', '2', ';', '5', '9', 'm', 0 };
+    const char t_yellow[] = { 0x1b, '[', '0', ';', '3', '3', ';', '5', '9', 'm', 0 };
+    const char t_blue[] = { 0x1b, '[', '0', ';', '3', '4', ';', '5', '9', 'm', 0 };
+    const char t_magenta[] = { 0x1b, '[', '0', ';', '3', '5', ';', '5', '9', 'm', 0 };
+    const char t_cyan[] = { 0x1b, '[', '0', ';', '3', '6', ';', '5', '9', 'm', 0 };
+    const char t_white[] = { 0x1b, '[', '0', ';', '3', '7', ';', '5', '9', 'm', 0 };
+    const char t_bold[] = { 0x1b, '[', '1', 'm', 0 };
+    const char t_underscore[] = { 0x1b, '[', '4', 'm', 0 };
+#else
+    const char t_normal[] = { 0 };
+    const char *const t_black = cimg::t_normal,
+      *const t_red = cimg::t_normal,
+      *const t_green = cimg::t_normal,
+      *const t_yellow = cimg::t_normal,
+      *const t_blue = cimg::t_normal,
+      *const t_magenta = cimg::t_normal,
+      *const t_cyan = cimg::t_normal,
+      *const t_white = cimg::t_normal,
+      *const t_bold = cimg::t_normal,
+      *const t_underscore = cimg::t_normal;
+#endif
+
+    inline std::FILE* output(std::FILE *file=0);
+    inline void info();
+
+    //! Avoid warning messages due to unused parameters. Do nothing actually.
+    template<typename T>
+    inline void unused(const T&, ...) {}
+
+    // [internal] Lock/unlock a mutex for managing concurrent threads.
+    // 'lock_mode' can be { 0=unlock | 1=lock | 2=trylock }.
+    // 'n' can be in [0,31] but mutex range [0,16] is reserved by CImg.
+    inline int mutex(const unsigned int n, const int lock_mode=1);
+
+    inline unsigned int& _exception_mode(const unsigned int value, const bool is_set) {
+      static unsigned int mode = cimg_verbosity;
+      cimg::mutex(0);
+      if (is_set) mode = value;
+      cimg::mutex(0,0);
+      return mode;
+    }
+
+    //! Set current \CImg exception mode.
+    /**
+       The way error messages are handled by \CImg can be changed dynamically, using this function.
+       \param mode Desired exception mode. Possible values are:
+       - \c 0: Hide library messages (quiet mode).
+       - \c 1: Print library messages on the console.
+       - \c 2: Display library messages on a dialog window (default behavior).
+       - \c 3: Do as \c 1 + add extra debug warnings (slow down the code!).
+       - \c 4: Do as \c 2 + add extra debug warnings (slow down the code!).
+     **/
+    inline unsigned int& exception_mode(const unsigned int mode) {
+      return _exception_mode(mode,true);
+    }
+
+    //! Return current \CImg exception mode.
+    /**
+       \note By default, return the value of configuration macro \c cimg_verbosity
+    **/
+    inline unsigned int& exception_mode() {
+      return _exception_mode(0,false);
+    }
+
+    inline int dialog(const char *const title, const char *const msg, const char *const button1_label="OK",
+                      const char *const button2_label=0, const char *const button3_label=0,
+                      const char *const button4_label=0, const char *const button5_label=0,
+                      const char *const button6_label=0, const bool centering=false);
+
+    inline double eval(const char *const expression,
+                       const double x=0, const double y=0, const double z=0, const double c=0);
+  }
+
+  /*---------------------------------------
+    #
+    # Define the CImgException structures
+    #
+    --------------------------------------*/
+  //! Instances of \c CImgException are thrown when errors are encountered in a \CImg function call.
+  /**
+     \par Overview
+
+      CImgException is the base class of all exceptions thrown by \CImg.
+      CImgException is never thrown itself. Derived classes that specify the type of errord are thrown instead.
+      These derived classes can be:
+
+      - \b CImgArgumentException: Thrown when one argument of a called \CImg function is invalid.
+      This is probably one of the most thrown exception by \CImg.
+      For instance, the following example throws a \c CImgArgumentException:
+      \code
+      CImg<float> img(100,100,1,3); // Define a 100x100 color image with float-valued pixels.
+      img.mirror('e');              // Try to mirror image along the (non-existing) 'e'-axis.
+      \endcode
+
+      - \b CImgDisplayException: Thrown when something went wrong during the display of images in CImgDisplay instances.
+
+      - \b CImgInstanceException: Thrown when an instance associated to a called \CImg method does not fit
+      the function requirements. For instance, the following example throws a \c CImgInstanceException:
+      \code
+      const CImg<float> img;           // Define an empty image.
+      const float value = img.at(0);   // Try to read first pixel value (does not exist).
+      \endcode
+
+      - \b CImgIOException: Thrown when an error occured when trying to load or save image files.
+      This happens when trying to read files that do not exist or with invalid formats.
+      For instance, the following example throws a \c CImgIOException:
+      \code
+      const CImg<float> img("missing_file.jpg");  // Try to load a file that does not exist.
+      \endcode
+
+      - \b CImgWarningException: Thrown only if configuration macro \c cimg_strict_warnings is set, and
+      when a \CImg function has to display a warning message (see cimg::warn()).
+
+      It is not recommended to throw CImgException instances by yourself,
+      since they are expected to be thrown only by \CImg.
+      When an error occurs in a library function call, \CImg may display error messages on the screen or on the
+      standard output, depending on the current \CImg exception mode.
+      The \CImg exception mode can be get and set by functions cimg::exception_mode() and
+      cimg::exception_mode(unsigned int).
+
+      \par Exceptions handling
+
+      In all cases, when an error occurs in \CImg, an instance of the corresponding exception class is thrown.
+      This may lead the program to break (this is the default behavior), but you can bypass this behavior by
+      handling the exceptions by yourself,
+      using a usual <tt>try { ... } catch () { ... }</tt> bloc, as in the following example:
+      \code
+      #define "CImg.h"
+      using namespace cimg_library;
+      int main() {
+        cimg::exception_mode(0);                                    // Enable quiet exception mode.
+        try {
+          ...                                                       // Here, do what you want to stress CImg.
+        } catch (CImgException &e) {                                // You succeeded: something went wrong!
+          std::fprintf(stderr,"CImg Library Error: %s",e.what());   // Display your custom error message.
+          ...                                                       // Do what you want now to save the ship!
+          }
+        }
+      \endcode
+  **/
+  struct CImgException : public std::exception {
+#define _cimg_exception_err(etype,disp_flag) \
+  std::va_list ap; va_start(ap,format); cimg_vsnprintf(_message,sizeof(_message),format,ap); va_end(ap); \
+  if (cimg::exception_mode()) { \
+    std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"\n%s[CImg] *** %s ***%s %s\n",cimg::t_red,etype,cimg::t_normal,_message); \
+    if (cimg_display && disp_flag && !(cimg::exception_mode()%2)) try { cimg::dialog(etype,_message,"Abort"); } \
+    catch (CImgException&) {} \
+    if (cimg::exception_mode()>=3) cimg_library_suffixed::cimg::info(); \
+  }
+
+    char _message[16384];
+    CImgException() { *_message = 0; }
+    CImgException(const char *const format, ...) { _cimg_exception_err("CImgException",true); }
+    //! Return a C-string containing the error message associated to the thrown exception.
+    const char *what() const throw() { return _message; }
+  };
+
+  // The CImgInstanceException class is used to throw an exception related
+  // to an invalid instance encountered in a library function call.
+  struct CImgInstanceException : public CImgException {
+    CImgInstanceException(const char *const format, ...) { _cimg_exception_err("CImgInstanceException",true); }
+  };
+
+  // The CImgArgumentException class is used to throw an exception related
+  // to invalid arguments encountered in a library function call.
+  struct CImgArgumentException : public CImgException {
+    CImgArgumentException(const char *const format, ...) { _cimg_exception_err("CImgArgumentException",true); }
+  };
+
+  // The CImgIOException class is used to throw an exception related
+  // to input/output file problems encountered in a library function call.
+  struct CImgIOException : public CImgException {
+    CImgIOException(const char *const format, ...) { _cimg_exception_err("CImgIOException",true); }
+  };
+
+  // The CImgDisplayException class is used to throw an exception related
+  // to display problems encountered in a library function call.
+  struct CImgDisplayException : public CImgException {
+    CImgDisplayException(const char *const format, ...) { _cimg_exception_err("CImgDisplayException",false); }
+  };
+
+  // The CImgWarningException class is used to throw an exception for warnings
+  // encountered in a library function call.
+  struct CImgWarningException : public CImgException {
+    CImgWarningException(const char *const format, ...) { _cimg_exception_err("CImgWarningException",false); }
+  };
+
+  /*-------------------------------------
+    #
+    # Define cimg:: namespace
+    #
+    -----------------------------------*/
+  //! Contains \a low-level functions and variables of the \CImg Library.
+  /**
+     Most of the functions and variables within this namespace are used by the \CImg library for low-level operations.
+     You may use them to access specific const values or environment variables internally used by \CImg.
+     \warning Never write <tt>using namespace cimg_library::cimg;</tt> in your source code. Lot of functions in the
+     <tt>cimg:: namespace</tt> have the same names as standard C functions that may be defined in the global
+     namespace <tt>::</tt>.
+  **/
+  namespace cimg {
+
+    // Define traits that will be used to determine the best data type to work in CImg functions.
+    //
+    template<typename T> struct type {
+      static const char* string() {
+        static const char* s[] = { "unknown",   "unknown8",   "unknown16",  "unknown24",
+                                   "unknown32", "unknown40",  "unknown48",  "unknown56",
+                                   "unknown64", "unknown72",  "unknown80",  "unknown88",
+                                   "unknown96", "unknown104", "unknown112", "unknown120",
+                                   "unknown128" };
+        return s[(sizeof(T)<17)?sizeof(T):0];
+      }
+      static bool is_float() { return false; }
+      static bool is_inf(const T) { return false; }
+      static bool is_nan(const T) { return false; }
+      static T min() { return (T)-1>0?(T)0:(T)-1<<(8*sizeof(T)-1); }
+      static T max() { return (T)-1>0?(T)-1:~((T)-1<<(8*sizeof(T)-1)); }
+      static T inf() { return max(); }
+      static T cut(const double val) { return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(T)val; }
+      static const char* format() { return "%s"; }
+      static const char* format(const T val) { static const char *const s = "unknown"; cimg::unused(val); return s; }
+    };
+
+    template<> struct type<bool> {
+      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "bool"; return s; }
+      static bool is_float() { return false; }
+      static bool is_inf(const bool) { return false; }
+      static bool is_nan(const bool) { return false; }
+      static bool min() { return false; }
+      static bool max() { return true; }
+      static bool inf() { return max(); }
+      static bool is_inf() { return false; }
+      static bool cut(const double val) { return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(bool)val; }
+      static const char* format() { return "%s"; }
+      static const char* format(const bool val) { static const char* s[] = { "false", "true" }; return s[val?1:0]; }
+    };
+
+    template<> struct type<unsigned char> {
+      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "unsigned char"; return s; }
+      static bool is_float() { return false; }
+      static bool is_inf(const unsigned char) { return false; }
+      static bool is_nan(const unsigned char) { return false; }
+      static unsigned char min() { return 0; }
+      static unsigned char max() { return (unsigned char)~0U; }
+      static unsigned char inf() { return max(); }
+      static unsigned char cut(const double val) {
+        return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(unsigned char)val; }
+      static const char* format() { return "%u"; }
+      static unsigned int format(const unsigned char val) { return (unsigned int)val; }
+    };
+
+    template<> struct type<char> {
+      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "char"; return s; }
+      static bool is_float() { return false; }
+      static bool is_inf(const char) { return false; }
+      static bool is_nan(const char) { return false; }
+      static char min() { return (char)(-1L<<(8*sizeof(char)-1)); }
+      static char max() { return (char)~((char)(-1L<<(8*sizeof(char)-1))); }
+      static char inf() { return max(); }
+      static char cut(const double val) { return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(char)val; }
+      static const char* format() { return "%d"; }
+      static int format(const char val) { return (int)val; }
+    };
+
+    template<> struct type<signed char> {
+      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "signed char"; return s; }
+      static bool is_float() { return false; }
+      static bool is_inf(const signed char) { return false; }
+      static bool is_nan(const signed char) { return false; }
+      static signed char min() { return (signed char)(-1L<<(8*sizeof(signed char)-1)); }
+      static signed char max() { return ~((signed char)(-1L<<(8*sizeof(signed char)-1))); }
+      static signed char inf() { return max(); }
+      static signed char cut(const double val) {
+        return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(signed char)val; }
+      static const char* format() { return "%d"; }
+      static unsigned int format(const signed char val) { return (int)val; }
+    };
+
+    template<> struct type<unsigned short> {
+      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "unsigned short"; return s; }
+      static bool is_float() { return false; }
+      static bool is_inf(const unsigned short) { return false; }
+      static bool is_nan(const unsigned short) { return false; }
+      static unsigned short min() { return 0; }
+      static unsigned short max() { return (unsigned short)~0U; }
+      static unsigned short inf() { return max(); }
+      static unsigned short cut(const double val) {
+        return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(unsigned short)val; }
+      static const char* format() { return "%u"; }
+      static unsigned int format(const unsigned short val) { return (unsigned int)val; }
+    };
+
+    template<> struct type<short> {
+      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "short"; return s; }
+      static bool is_float() { return false; }
+      static bool is_inf(const short) { return false; }
+      static bool is_nan(const short) { return false; }
+      static short min() { return (short)(-1L<<(8*sizeof(short)-1)); }
+      static short max() { return ~((short)(-1L<<(8*sizeof(short)-1))); }
+      static short inf() { return max(); }
+      static short cut(const double val) { return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(short)val; }
+      static const char* format() { return "%d"; }
+      static int format(const short val) { return (int)val; }
+    };
+
+    template<> struct type<unsigned int> {
+      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "unsigned int"; return s; }
+      static bool is_float() { return false; }
+      static bool is_inf(const unsigned int) { return false; }
+      static bool is_nan(const unsigned int) { return false; }
+      static unsigned int min() { return 0; }
+      static unsigned int max() { return (unsigned int)~0U; }
+      static unsigned int inf() { return max(); }
+      static unsigned int cut(const double val) {
+        return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(unsigned int)val; }
+      static const char* format() { return "%u"; }
+      static unsigned int format(const unsigned int val) { return val; }
+    };
+
+    template<> struct type<int> {
+      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "int"; return s; }
+      static bool is_float() { return false; }
+      static bool is_inf(const int) { return false; }
+      static bool is_nan(const int) { return false; }
+      static int min() { return (int)(-1L<<(8*sizeof(int)-1)); }
+      static int max() { return ~((int)(-1L<<(8*sizeof(int)-1))); }
+      static int inf() { return max(); }
+      static int cut(const double val) { return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(int)val; }
+      static const char* format() { return "%d"; }
+      static int format(const int val) { return val; }
+    };
+
+    template<> struct type<unsigned long> {
+      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "unsigned long"; return s; }
+      static bool is_float() { return false; }
+      static bool is_inf(const unsigned long) { return false; }
+      static bool is_nan(const unsigned long) { return false; }
+      static unsigned long min() { return 0; }
+      static unsigned long max() { return (unsigned long)~0UL; }
+      static unsigned long inf() { return max(); }
+      static unsigned long cut(const double val) {
+        return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(unsigned long)val; }
+      static const char* format() { return "%lu"; }
+      static unsigned long format(const unsigned long val) { return val; }
+    };
+
+    template<> struct type<long> {
+      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "long"; return s; }
+      static bool is_float() { return false; }
+      static bool is_inf(const long) { return false; }
+      static bool is_nan(const long) { return false; }
+      static long min() { return (long)(-1L<<(8*sizeof(long)-1)); }
+      static long max() { return ~((long)(-1L<<(8*sizeof(long)-1))); }
+      static long inf() { return max(); }
+      static long cut(const double val) { return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(long)val; }
+      static const char* format() { return "%ld"; }
+      static long format(const long val) { return val; }
+    };
+
+    template<> struct type<double> {
+      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "double"; return s; }
+      static bool is_float() { return true; }
+      static bool is_inf(const double val) {
+#ifdef isinf
+        return (bool)isinf(val);
+#else
+        return !is_nan(val) && (val<cimg::type<double>::min() || val>cimg::type<double>::max());
+#endif
+      }
+      static bool is_nan(const double val) {
+#ifdef isnan
+        return (bool)isnan(val);
+#else
+        return !(val==val);
+#endif
+      }
+      static double min() { return -1.7E308; }
+      static double max() { return  1.7E308; }
+      static double inf() { return max()*max(); }
+      static double nan() { static const double val_nan = -std::sqrt(-1.0); return val_nan; }
+      static double cut(const double val) { return val<min()?min():val>max()?max():val; }
+      static const char* format() { return "%.16g"; }
+      static double format(const double val) { return val; }
+    };
+
+    template<> struct type<float> {
+      static const char* string() { static const char *const s = "float"; return s; }
+      static bool is_float() { return true; }
+      static bool is_inf(const float val) {
+#ifdef isinf
+        return (bool)isinf(val);
+#else
+        return !is_nan(val) && (val<cimg::type<float>::min() || val>cimg::type<float>::max());
+#endif
+      }
+      static bool is_nan(const float val) {
+#ifdef isnan
+        return (bool)isnan(val);
+#else
+        return !(val==val);
+#endif
+      }
+      static float min() { return -3.4E38f; }
+      static float max() { return  3.4E38f; }
+      static float inf() { return (float)cimg::type<double>::inf(); }
+      static float nan() { return (float)cimg::type<double>::nan(); }
+      static float cut(const double val) { return val<(double)min()?min():val>(double)max()?max():(float)val; }
+      static const char* format() { return "%.16g"; }
+      static double format(const float val) { return (double)val; }
+    };
+
+    template<typename T, typename t> struct superset { typedef T type; };
+    template<> struct superset<bool,unsigned char> { typedef unsigned char type; };
+    template<> struct superset<bool,char> { typedef char type; };
+    template<> struct superset<bool,signed char> { typedef signed char type; };
+    template<> struct superset<bool,unsigned short> { typedef unsigned short type; };
+    template<> struct superset<bool,short> { typedef short type; };
+    template<> struct superset<bool,unsigned int> { typedef unsigned int type; };
+    template<> struct superset<bool,int> { typedef int type; };
+    template<> struct superset<bool,unsigned long> { typedef unsigned long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<bool,long> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<bool,float> { typedef float type; };
+    template<> struct superset<bool,double> { typedef double type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned char,char> { typedef short type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned char,signed char> { typedef short type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned char,unsigned short> { typedef unsigned short type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned char,short> { typedef short type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned char,unsigned int> { typedef unsigned int type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned char,int> { typedef int type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned char,unsigned long> { typedef unsigned long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned char,long> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned char,float> { typedef float type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned char,double> { typedef double type; };
+    template<> struct superset<signed char,unsigned char> { typedef short type; };
+    template<> struct superset<signed char,char> { typedef short type; };
+    template<> struct superset<signed char,unsigned short> { typedef int type; };
+    template<> struct superset<signed char,short> { typedef short type; };
+    template<> struct superset<signed char,unsigned int> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<signed char,int> { typedef int type; };
+    template<> struct superset<signed char,unsigned long> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<signed char,long> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<signed char,float> { typedef float type; };
+    template<> struct superset<signed char,double> { typedef double type; };
+    template<> struct superset<char,unsigned char> { typedef short type; };
+    template<> struct superset<char,signed char> { typedef short type; };
+    template<> struct superset<char,unsigned short> { typedef int type; };
+    template<> struct superset<char,short> { typedef short type; };
+    template<> struct superset<char,unsigned int> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<char,int> { typedef int type; };
+    template<> struct superset<char,unsigned long> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<char,long> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<char,float> { typedef float type; };
+    template<> struct superset<char,double> { typedef double type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned short,char> { typedef int type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned short,signed char> { typedef int type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned short,short> { typedef int type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned short,unsigned int> { typedef unsigned int type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned short,int> { typedef int type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned short,unsigned long> { typedef unsigned long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned short,long> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned short,float> { typedef float type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned short,double> { typedef double type; };
+    template<> struct superset<short,unsigned short> { typedef int type; };
+    template<> struct superset<short,unsigned int> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<short,int> { typedef int type; };
+    template<> struct superset<short,unsigned long> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<short,long> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<short,float> { typedef float type; };
+    template<> struct superset<short,double> { typedef double type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned int,char> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned int,signed char> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned int,short> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned int,int> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned int,unsigned long> { typedef unsigned long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned int,long> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned int,float> { typedef float type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned int,double> { typedef double type; };
+    template<> struct superset<int,unsigned int> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<int,unsigned long> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<int,long> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<int,float> { typedef float type; };
+    template<> struct superset<int,double> { typedef double type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned long,char> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned long,signed char> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned long,short> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned long,int> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned long,long> { typedef long type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned long,float> { typedef double type; };
+    template<> struct superset<unsigned long,double> { typedef double type; };
+    template<> struct superset<long,float> { typedef double type; };
+    template<> struct superset<long,double> { typedef double type; };
+    template<> struct superset<float,double> { typedef double type; };
+
+    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3> struct superset2 {
+      typedef typename superset<t1, typename superset<t2,t3>::type>::type type;
+    };
+
+    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4> struct superset3 {
+      typedef typename superset<t1, typename superset2<t2,t3,t4>::type>::type type;
+    };
+
+    template<typename t1, typename t2> struct last { typedef t2 type; };
+
+#define _cimg_Tt       typename cimg::superset<T,t>::type
+#define _cimg_Tfloat   typename cimg::superset<T,float>::type
+#define _cimg_Ttfloat  typename cimg::superset2<T,t,float>::type
+#define _cimg_Ttdouble typename cimg::superset2<T,t,double>::type
+
+    // Define variables used internally by CImg.
+#if cimg_display==1
+    struct X11_info {
+      volatile unsigned int nb_wins;
+      pthread_t*       events_thread;
+      pthread_cond_t   wait_event;
+      pthread_mutex_t  wait_event_mutex;
+      CImgDisplay*     wins[1024];
+      Display*         display;
+      unsigned int     nb_bits;
+      bool             is_blue_first;
+      bool             is_shm_enabled;
+      bool             byte_order;
+#ifdef cimg_use_xrandr
+      XRRScreenSize *resolutions;
+      Rotation curr_rotation;
+      unsigned int curr_resolution;
+      unsigned int nb_resolutions;
+#endif
+      X11_info():nb_wins(0),events_thread(0),display(0),
+                 nb_bits(0),is_blue_first(false),is_shm_enabled(false),byte_order(false) {
+        XInitThreads();
+        pthread_mutex_init(&wait_event_mutex,0);
+        pthread_cond_init(&wait_event,0);
+#ifdef cimg_use_xrandr
+        resolutions = 0;
+        curr_rotation = 0;
+        curr_resolution = nb_resolutions = 0;
+#endif
+      }
+
+      ~X11_info() {
+        if (events_thread) {
+          pthread_cancel(*events_thread);
+          delete events_thread;
+        }
+        if (display) {} // XCloseDisplay(display);
+        pthread_cond_destroy(&wait_event);
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&wait_event_mutex);
+        pthread_mutex_destroy(&wait_event_mutex);
+      }
+    };
+#if defined(cimg_module)
+    X11_info& X11_attr();
+#elif defined(cimg_main)
+    X11_info& X11_attr() { static X11_info val; return val; }
+#else
+    inline X11_info& X11_attr() { static X11_info val; return val; }
+#endif
+
+#elif cimg_display==2
+    struct Win32_info {
+      HANDLE wait_event;
+      Win32_info() { wait_event = CreateEvent(0,FALSE,FALSE,0); }
+    };
+#if defined(cimg_module)
+    Win32_info& Win32_attr();
+#elif defined(cimg_main)
+    Win32_info& Win32_attr() { static Win32_info val; return val; }
+#else
+    inline Win32_info& Win32_attr() { static Win32_info val; return val; }
+#endif
+#endif
+
+    struct Mutex_info {
+#if cimg_OS==2
+      HANDLE mutex[32];
+      Mutex_info() { for (unsigned int i = 0; i<32; ++i) mutex[i] = CreateMutex(0,FALSE,0); }
+      void lock(const unsigned int n) { WaitForSingleObject(mutex[n],INFINITE); }
+      void unlock(const unsigned int n) { ReleaseMutex(mutex[n]); }
+      int trylock(const unsigned int) { return 0; }
+#elif defined(_PTHREAD_H)
+      pthread_mutex_t mutex[32];
+      Mutex_info() { for (unsigned int i = 0; i<32; ++i) pthread_mutex_init(&mutex[i],0); }
+      void lock(const unsigned int n) { pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex[n]); }
+      void unlock(const unsigned int n) { pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex[n]); }
+      int trylock(const unsigned int n) { return pthread_mutex_trylock(&mutex[n]); }
+#else
+      Mutex_info() {}
+      void lock(const unsigned int) {}
+      void unlock(const unsigned int) {}
+      int trylock(const unsigned int) { return 0; }
+#endif
+    };
+#if defined(cimg_module)
+    Mutex_info& Mutex_attr();
+#elif defined(cimg_main)
+    Mutex_info& Mutex_attr() { static Mutex_info val; return val; }
+#else
+    inline Mutex_info& Mutex_attr() { static Mutex_info val; return val; }
+#endif
+
+#if defined(cimg_use_magick)
+    static struct Magick_info {
+      Magick_info() {
+        Magick::InitializeMagick("");
+      }
+    } _Magick_info;
+#endif
+
+#if cimg_display==1
+    // Define keycodes for X11-based graphical systems.
+    const unsigned int keyESC        = XK_Escape;
+    const unsigned int keyF1         = XK_F1;
+    const unsigned int keyF2         = XK_F2;
+    const unsigned int keyF3         = XK_F3;
+    const unsigned int keyF4         = XK_F4;
+    const unsigned int keyF5         = XK_F5;
+    const unsigned int keyF6         = XK_F6;
+    const unsigned int keyF7         = XK_F7;
+    const unsigned int keyF8         = XK_F8;
+    const unsigned int keyF9         = XK_F9;
+    const unsigned int keyF10        = XK_F10;
+    const unsigned int keyF11        = XK_F11;
+    const unsigned int keyF12        = XK_F12;
+    const unsigned int keyPAUSE      = XK_Pause;
+    const unsigned int key1          = XK_1;
+    const unsigned int key2          = XK_2;
+    const unsigned int key3          = XK_3;
+    const unsigned int key4          = XK_4;
+    const unsigned int key5          = XK_5;
+    const unsigned int key6          = XK_6;
+    const unsigned int key7          = XK_7;
+    const unsigned int key8          = XK_8;
+    const unsigned int key9          = XK_9;
+    const unsigned int key0          = XK_0;
+    const unsigned int keyBACKSPACE  = XK_BackSpace;
+    const unsigned int keyINSERT     = XK_Insert;
+    const unsigned int keyHOME       = XK_Home;
+    const unsigned int keyPAGEUP     = XK_Page_Up;
+    const unsigned int keyTAB        = XK_Tab;
+    const unsigned int keyQ          = XK_q;
+    const unsigned int keyW          = XK_w;
+    const unsigned int keyE          = XK_e;
+    const unsigned int keyR          = XK_r;
+    const unsigned int keyT          = XK_t;
+    const unsigned int keyY          = XK_y;
+    const unsigned int keyU          = XK_u;
+    const unsigned int keyI          = XK_i;
+    const unsigned int keyO          = XK_o;
+    const unsigned int keyP          = XK_p;
+    const unsigned int keyDELETE     = XK_Delete;
+    const unsigned int keyEND        = XK_End;
+    const unsigned int keyPAGEDOWN   = XK_Page_Down;
+    const unsigned int keyCAPSLOCK   = XK_Caps_Lock;
+    const unsigned int keyA          = XK_a;
+    const unsigned int keyS          = XK_s;
+    const unsigned int keyD          = XK_d;
+    const unsigned int keyF          = XK_f;
+    const unsigned int keyG          = XK_g;
+    const unsigned int keyH          = XK_h;
+    const unsigned int keyJ          = XK_j;
+    const unsigned int keyK          = XK_k;
+    const unsigned int keyL          = XK_l;
+    const unsigned int keyENTER      = XK_Return;
+    const unsigned int keySHIFTLEFT  = XK_Shift_L;
+    const unsigned int keyZ          = XK_z;
+    const unsigned int keyX          = XK_x;
+    const unsigned int keyC          = XK_c;
+    const unsigned int keyV          = XK_v;
+    const unsigned int keyB          = XK_b;
+    const unsigned int keyN          = XK_n;
+    const unsigned int keyM          = XK_m;
+    const unsigned int keySHIFTRIGHT = XK_Shift_R;
+    const unsigned int keyARROWUP    = XK_Up;
+    const unsigned int keyCTRLLEFT   = XK_Control_L;
+    const unsigned int keyAPPLEFT    = XK_Super_L;
+    const unsigned int keyALT        = XK_Alt_L;
+    const unsigned int keySPACE      = XK_space;
+    const unsigned int keyALTGR      = XK_Alt_R;
+    const unsigned int keyAPPRIGHT   = XK_Super_R;
+    const unsigned int keyMENU       = XK_Menu;
+    const unsigned int keyCTRLRIGHT  = XK_Control_R;
+    const unsigned int keyARROWLEFT  = XK_Left;
+    const unsigned int keyARROWDOWN  = XK_Down;
+    const unsigned int keyARROWRIGHT = XK_Right;
+    const unsigned int keyPAD0       = XK_KP_0;
+    const unsigned int keyPAD1       = XK_KP_1;
+    const unsigned int keyPAD2       = XK_KP_2;
+    const unsigned int keyPAD3       = XK_KP_3;
+    const unsigned int keyPAD4       = XK_KP_4;
+    const unsigned int keyPAD5       = XK_KP_5;
+    const unsigned int keyPAD6       = XK_KP_6;
+    const unsigned int keyPAD7       = XK_KP_7;
+    const unsigned int keyPAD8       = XK_KP_8;
+    const unsigned int keyPAD9       = XK_KP_9;
+    const unsigned int keyPADADD     = XK_KP_Add;
+    const unsigned int keyPADSUB     = XK_KP_Subtract;
+    const unsigned int keyPADMUL     = XK_KP_Multiply;
+    const unsigned int keyPADDIV     = XK_KP_Divide;
+
+#elif cimg_display==2
+    // Define keycodes for Windows.
+    const unsigned int keyESC        = VK_ESCAPE;
+    const unsigned int keyF1         = VK_F1;
+    const unsigned int keyF2         = VK_F2;
+    const unsigned int keyF3         = VK_F3;
+    const unsigned int keyF4         = VK_F4;
+    const unsigned int keyF5         = VK_F5;
+    const unsigned int keyF6         = VK_F6;
+    const unsigned int keyF7         = VK_F7;
+    const unsigned int keyF8         = VK_F8;
+    const unsigned int keyF9         = VK_F9;
+    const unsigned int keyF10        = VK_F10;
+    const unsigned int keyF11        = VK_F11;
+    const unsigned int keyF12        = VK_F12;
+    const unsigned int keyPAUSE      = VK_PAUSE;
+    const unsigned int key1          = '1';
+    const unsigned int key2          = '2';
+    const unsigned int key3          = '3';
+    const unsigned int key4          = '4';
+    const unsigned int key5          = '5';
+    const unsigned int key6          = '6';
+    const unsigned int key7          = '7';
+    const unsigned int key8          = '8';
+    const unsigned int key9          = '9';
+    const unsigned int key0          = '0';
+    const unsigned int keyBACKSPACE  = VK_BACK;
+    const unsigned int keyINSERT     = VK_INSERT;
+    const unsigned int keyHOME       = VK_HOME;
+    const unsigned int keyPAGEUP     = VK_PRIOR;
+    const unsigned int keyTAB        = VK_TAB;
+    const unsigned int keyQ          = 'Q';
+    const unsigned int keyW          = 'W';
+    const unsigned int keyE          = 'E';
+    const unsigned int keyR          = 'R';
+    const unsigned int keyT          = 'T';
+    const unsigned int keyY          = 'Y';
+    const unsigned int keyU          = 'U';
+    const unsigned int keyI          = 'I';
+    const unsigned int keyO          = 'O';
+    const unsigned int keyP          = 'P';
+    const unsigned int keyDELETE     = VK_DELETE;
+    const unsigned int keyEND        = VK_END;
+    const unsigned int keyPAGEDOWN   = VK_NEXT;
+    const unsigned int keyCAPSLOCK   = VK_CAPITAL;
+    const unsigned int keyA          = 'A';
+    const unsigned int keyS          = 'S';
+    const unsigned int keyD          = 'D';
+    const unsigned int keyF          = 'F';
+    const unsigned int keyG          = 'G';
+    const unsigned int keyH          = 'H';
+    const unsigned int keyJ          = 'J';
+    const unsigned int keyK          = 'K';
+    const unsigned int keyL          = 'L';
+    const unsigned int keyENTER      = VK_RETURN;
+    const unsigned int keySHIFTLEFT  = VK_SHIFT;
+    const unsigned int keyZ          = 'Z';
+    const unsigned int keyX          = 'X';
+    const unsigned int keyC          = 'C';
+    const unsigned int keyV          = 'V';
+    const unsigned int keyB          = 'B';
+    const unsigned int keyN          = 'N';
+    const unsigned int keyM          = 'M';
+    const unsigned int keySHIFTRIGHT = VK_SHIFT;
+    const unsigned int keyARROWUP    = VK_UP;
+    const unsigned int keyCTRLLEFT   = VK_CONTROL;
+    const unsigned int keyAPPLEFT    = VK_LWIN;
+    const unsigned int keyALT        = VK_LMENU;
+    const unsigned int keySPACE      = VK_SPACE;
+    const unsigned int keyALTGR      = VK_CONTROL;
+    const unsigned int keyAPPRIGHT   = VK_RWIN;
+    const unsigned int keyMENU       = VK_APPS;
+    const unsigned int keyCTRLRIGHT  = VK_CONTROL;
+    const unsigned int keyARROWLEFT  = VK_LEFT;
+    const unsigned int keyARROWDOWN  = VK_DOWN;
+    const unsigned int keyARROWRIGHT = VK_RIGHT;
+    const unsigned int keyPAD0       = 0x60;
+    const unsigned int keyPAD1       = 0x61;
+    const unsigned int keyPAD2       = 0x62;
+    const unsigned int keyPAD3       = 0x63;
+    const unsigned int keyPAD4       = 0x64;
+    const unsigned int keyPAD5       = 0x65;
+    const unsigned int keyPAD6       = 0x66;
+    const unsigned int keyPAD7       = 0x67;
+    const unsigned int keyPAD8       = 0x68;
+    const unsigned int keyPAD9       = 0x69;
+    const unsigned int keyPADADD     = VK_ADD;
+    const unsigned int keyPADSUB     = VK_SUBTRACT;
+    const unsigned int keyPADMUL     = VK_MULTIPLY;
+    const unsigned int keyPADDIV     = VK_DIVIDE;
+
+#else
+    // Define random keycodes when no display is available.
+    // (should rarely be used then!).
+    const unsigned int keyESC        = 1U;   //!< Keycode for the \c ESC key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyF1         = 2U;   //!< Keycode for the \c F1 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyF2         = 3U;   //!< Keycode for the \c F2 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyF3         = 4U;   //!< Keycode for the \c F3 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyF4         = 5U;   //!< Keycode for the \c F4 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyF5         = 6U;   //!< Keycode for the \c F5 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyF6         = 7U;   //!< Keycode for the \c F6 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyF7         = 8U;   //!< Keycode for the \c F7 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyF8         = 9U;   //!< Keycode for the \c F8 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyF9         = 10U;  //!< Keycode for the \c F9 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyF10        = 11U;  //!< Keycode for the \c F10 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyF11        = 12U;  //!< Keycode for the \c F11 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyF12        = 13U;  //!< Keycode for the \c F12 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyPAUSE      = 14U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAUSE key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int key1          = 15U;  //!< Keycode for the \c 1 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int key2          = 16U;  //!< Keycode for the \c 2 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int key3          = 17U;  //!< Keycode for the \c 3 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int key4          = 18U;  //!< Keycode for the \c 4 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int key5          = 19U;  //!< Keycode for the \c 5 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int key6          = 20U;  //!< Keycode for the \c 6 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int key7          = 21U;  //!< Keycode for the \c 7 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int key8          = 22U;  //!< Keycode for the \c 8 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int key9          = 23U;  //!< Keycode for the \c 9 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int key0          = 24U;  //!< Keycode for the \c 0 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyBACKSPACE  = 25U;  //!< Keycode for the \c BACKSPACE key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyINSERT     = 26U;  //!< Keycode for the \c INSERT key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyHOME       = 27U;  //!< Keycode for the \c HOME key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyPAGEUP     = 28U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAGEUP key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyTAB        = 29U;  //!< Keycode for the \c TAB key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyQ          = 30U;  //!< Keycode for the \c Q key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyW          = 31U;  //!< Keycode for the \c W key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyE          = 32U;  //!< Keycode for the \c E key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyR          = 33U;  //!< Keycode for the \c R key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyT          = 34U;  //!< Keycode for the \c T key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyY          = 35U;  //!< Keycode for the \c Y key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyU          = 36U;  //!< Keycode for the \c U key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyI          = 37U;  //!< Keycode for the \c I key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyO          = 38U;  //!< Keycode for the \c O key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyP          = 39U;  //!< Keycode for the \c P key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyDELETE     = 40U;  //!< Keycode for the \c DELETE key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyEND        = 41U;  //!< Keycode for the \c END key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyPAGEDOWN   = 42U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAGEDOWN key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyCAPSLOCK   = 43U;  //!< Keycode for the \c CAPSLOCK key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyA          = 44U;  //!< Keycode for the \c A key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyS          = 45U;  //!< Keycode for the \c S key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyD          = 46U;  //!< Keycode for the \c D key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyF          = 47U;  //!< Keycode for the \c F key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyG          = 48U;  //!< Keycode for the \c G key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyH          = 49U;  //!< Keycode for the \c H key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyJ          = 50U;  //!< Keycode for the \c J key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyK          = 51U;  //!< Keycode for the \c K key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyL          = 52U;  //!< Keycode for the \c L key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyENTER      = 53U;  //!< Keycode for the \c ENTER key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keySHIFTLEFT  = 54U;  //!< Keycode for the \c SHIFTLEFT key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyZ          = 55U;  //!< Keycode for the \c Z key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyX          = 56U;  //!< Keycode for the \c X key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyC          = 57U;  //!< Keycode for the \c C key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyV          = 58U;  //!< Keycode for the \c V key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyB          = 59U;  //!< Keycode for the \c B key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyN          = 60U;  //!< Keycode for the \c N key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyM          = 61U;  //!< Keycode for the \c M key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keySHIFTRIGHT = 62U;  //!< Keycode for the \c SHIFTRIGHT key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyARROWUP    = 63U;  //!< Keycode for the \c ARROWUP key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyCTRLLEFT   = 64U;  //!< Keycode for the \c CTRLLEFT key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyAPPLEFT    = 65U;  //!< Keycode for the \c APPLEFT key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyALT        = 66U;  //!< Keycode for the \c ALT key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keySPACE      = 67U;  //!< Keycode for the \c SPACE key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyALTGR      = 68U;  //!< Keycode for the \c ALTGR key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyAPPRIGHT   = 69U;  //!< Keycode for the \c APPRIGHT key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyMENU       = 70U;  //!< Keycode for the \c MENU key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyCTRLRIGHT  = 71U;  //!< Keycode for the \c CTRLRIGHT key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyARROWLEFT  = 72U;  //!< Keycode for the \c ARROWLEFT key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyARROWDOWN  = 73U;  //!< Keycode for the \c ARROWDOWN key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyARROWRIGHT = 74U;  //!< Keycode for the \c ARROWRIGHT key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyPAD0       = 75U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAD0 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyPAD1       = 76U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAD1 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyPAD2       = 77U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAD2 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyPAD3       = 78U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAD3 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyPAD4       = 79U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAD4 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyPAD5       = 80U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAD5 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyPAD6       = 81U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAD6 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyPAD7       = 82U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAD7 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyPAD8       = 83U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAD8 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyPAD9       = 84U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PAD9 key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyPADADD     = 85U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PADADD key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyPADSUB     = 86U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PADSUB key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyPADMUL     = 87U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PADMUL key (architecture-dependent).
+    const unsigned int keyPADDIV     = 88U;  //!< Keycode for the \c PADDDIV key (architecture-dependent).
+#endif
+
+    const double PI = 3.14159265358979323846;   //!< Value of the mathematical constant PI
+
+    // Define a 12x13 font (small size).
+    const char *const data_font12x13 =
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+"x tx Zxjwmx RwWw/wgw pw_ynwky=wCwmwaw\\w_wnw  1wIwlz 'wiwuwaw  mw    Pw   swlwjw     hw        f| pyWx/wgw rxSw/wCwmwaw\\w_wnw  1w  AwRx  nw    Pw   txk"
+"wlxm";
+
+    // Define a 20x23 font (normal size).
+    const char *const data_font20x23 =
+"                                                9q\\q^r_rnp`qnq`plp7q\\q^q_qmqbq\\q^q_qmqHqmp_q\\q^r_rnp`qnq7q\\q^q_qmq_q \"r                               "
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+"`q`pipcq  [qIq_qmq`{gvcqmqkpdq_q\\q\\q]rZq%q_rkraqZq]qaqnqbq]qXqcqiqeqiq1pSpXq`qfrhqnqbqjqdq]qhqfq]q]q]qiqeq]q]qmrbq]qnqmqnqgskqeqhqfqjqdqhqfqjqeqYq`qiq"
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+"q [sjq  Qq -q  OqZq]q  Cq;q HqWq $rIq`qZq _q iqbqKqFqIq`q     hp$q]u   JqYpmpLp   .p        jp    ]p Xr`q[r !p       Tp\"p\\p6q6q   mq Yx  Qr -r  Ps\\q_s"
+"  Ipkq:q HqWq $qHq`qZq _q iqbqKqFqIq`q     hp$q]t   IqYpmpLq   /q        kq     Fq_q[q #s       Tp\"q^q6p   1p Vu  Rs    YsJsMy &v<s HqWq &sHtcq]t _q i"
+"qbqKqFqIq`q     hp$q   2q2q   /q        kq     Hs_q]s \"q                (r     Xy %t;r GqWq &rFscq]s ^q iqbqKqFqIq`q         ,q4r   0r        lr     G"
+"r^q                               *q                                                                                   kr               i";
+
+    // Define a 47x53 font (extra-large size).
+    const char *const data_font47x53 =
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"        9])]2_2]T\\8^U^3]  E])]2`4^U^>])]2_4^U^ 6^T\\5])]1_2]T\\8^U^  K])]2`4^V^3]                                                                       "
+"                                                                                                                    U]*\\2a4`V\\8^U^5a  F]*\\1\\X\\4^U^=]*\\"
+"2a5^U^ 7aV\\4]*\\1a4`V\\8^U^  J]*\\1\\X\\4^V^3\\                                                                                                             "
+"                                                                              S],\\1\\W\\5g8^U^6c  F],\\1\\V\\5^U^<],\\2]W]6^U^ 8h3],\\0\\W\\5g8^U^  I],\\1\\V\\5^V"
+"^4\\      ;]                                                                                                                                           "
+"                                         :\\-]2\\U\\6\\V`7^U^7]U]  F\\-]2\\T\\6^U^;\\-]3]U]7^U^ 8\\Va1\\-]1\\U\\6\\V`7^U^  H\\-]2\\T\\6^V^5]      =a                  "
+"              J]                                                                                                                                      "
+"              N\\/]2\\S\\7\\T]6^U^7\\S\\  E\\/]2\\R\\7^U^:\\/]3]S]8^U^ 8\\T^/\\/]1\\S\\7\\T]6^U^  G\\/]2\\R\\7^V^6]      =c                                L^           "
+"                                                         *^                            U`                                         O^             )\\S\\ "
+"                    !^$^3\\  E]U\\  K^$^4^ G^$^4]   J^$^3\\   #^$^3\\ 4^            B[                                                                    "
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+"_Q]H]N^X]B]G]E]-]G]E]L^.]8]5]J]<]W]6^X]O]X^J^Q^6]5^0]+^-]   R]M^>^M]?].]M^?]-]/]M^?]L]?].].]U_8].]M]M]N]L]?]L]?^M]?]M^?] ]<].]M^<^W^6aRbB^V^6]W]7^(]4]"
+"(]  GcUcE]P_=]L]A]P]9]L]@]-]L]:^X]9^P]<]M^@]P^O]I]T]T]?]P]>]S]S]@^L]@]L]8]5]M]?]I]>^2],]I]B_U]U_D]H]:c<]G]B_&]&_?_X]X_?_N_>_X]X_ I]0]S[3]0_T_5]4]+` ;["
+"SfU[ P^U^#] L[U\\P]V[  Q]   ]M^6\\U\\   ,^U^-\\P\\S\\B\\J]@\\P\\S\\N].]I]B]I]B]I]B]I]B]I]B]I]B^M]=]/].].].].].].].]-]G]E]N^X]B]G]D]G]D]G]D]G]D]G]@_R_A`J]D]J]A]J"
+"]A]J]A]J]:]6g8]K]A]M^?]M^?]M^?]M^?]M^?]M^?]M_?].].].].].].].].].]L]?]L]?]L]?]L]?]L]?]L]?]L]3^;aP]?]M^?]M^?]M^?]M^;]W]8^M];]W]  H]S]T^B]J^B]J^B]J^B]J^@"
+"\\-]W]  G^1_ :aW[V`BcW[Wc<d5c=]L]>]N]<]P]7]X]8]       F]KZ   X]S]5[S]5\\P]R]N]K_ K]*] 0]  !],]N]5]5_\"]1],]<]M]9^6^L^0]  Ad Nd A\\R]O^U\\P^I^B]K^?]H[C]H^D]"
+".],]G]F]H]C].].]O^=].]P^Q]H]M]X]A]I]D],]I^E]K]AZH^8]5]J]<]W]5bObJ^O^7]6_0]*]-]   R]M^>^M]?^/]M^?^.]/]M^?]L]?].].]T_9].]M]M]N]L]?]L]?^M]?]M^?] ]<].]M^;"
+"]W]5aRaB^U^6c8_(]4](]  FaSaD]P_=]M]@]P]9]L]@]-]L]9b9]O^=^N^?\\P_Q]H]T]T]?]P]=]T]T]?^L]@]L]8]4]N]@^I^?]1],^K^A`W]W`C]H]7]8]I]@^&]&^=i=^N^<i H]0^T[3]1l6]"
+"4])_ <\\RbT\\ O]T]#] L\\V\\O]X\\     M^N^6\\U\\   ,]T]-\\OhF\\J]@\\OhQ]/^I^D^I^D^I^D^I^D^I^C]I]B]L]<]H[C].].].].].].].]-]H]D]M]X]A]I]B]I]B]I]B]I]B]I]@_P_B_J]C]J"
+"]A]J]A]J]A]J]:]6].]K]A]M^?]M^?]M^?]M^?]M^?]M^?]M_?^/^/^/^/^/].].].].]L]?]L]?]L]?]L]?]L]?]L]?]L]3^;`O]?]M^?]M^?]M^?]M^;c8^M];c  G^U]U^@^M^@^M^@^M^@^M^?"
+"\\-c  H^0_ 9^U[U^@aV[Va:b3a<]L]>^P^=^P]7]X]8_       H^M[ F] 6]S]>ZQ[T^6]P]S^N^K^ K]*] 0]:] 8]0],]O^5]6_2ZI]1]-^<^O^9]4]L]0]<].] Uc Pc1]2\\Q^S`W^P]G]B]K]"
+">^J\\C]I^C].],^H]F]H]C].].]N^>].]C]H]MbA^K^D],^K^D]K^B[I]7]5^L^<c5aMaJ^N]7]6^/]*]-]   R^O_>_O]=].]O_>].].]O_?]L]?].].]S_:].]M]M]N]L]>]N]>_O]=]O_?] ]<]-"
+"]O_;]X^5aRaC^S^6a8_']4](]  D]P^B^Ra>^N]@]Q]7]N]?^.]L]9a8]N]=^N^?]Q_Q]G]U]U]>]P]=]T]T]?_N]>]N]7]4^P^@]G]@^1]+^M^?mB]H]7]8^K^?\\%]%\\;g;\\L\\:g G]/]T[3]2n7]"
+"4]'^ <\\F\\ M\\S\\  J\\F\\     L^N^6\\U\\   ,\\S\\-]OhG]K]@]OhQ]LZ=]G]D]G]D]G]D]G]D]G]D]G]D^L]<^J\\C].].].].].].].]-]J_D]MbA^K^B^K^B^K^B^K^B^K^A_N_B^K]B^L^A^L^A^"
+"L^A^L^:]6].]K]A^O_?^O_?^O_?^O_?^O_?^O_?^Oa?].].].].]/].].].]-]N]>]L]>]N]=]N]=]N]=]N]=]N]2^;_O]=]O_>]O_>]O_>]O_:a7_O]9a  E^P_>^P_>^P_>^P_>^P_>\\,a  H^.]"
+" /[5]T[S\\8a1`<]L]=^R^<]O^8b7_       H^O\\ F] 6\\R\\=[R[U^5\\N]T]L^M` L]*] 0]:] 8]1^+]P]4]7_1[L_1]<ZL^:^Q^8]4^N^>ZM];].] R` P`.]2]QfXaN]G]B]L^=^L]C]K_B].]+"
+"_J]F]H]C].].]M^?].]C]H]La@^M^C]+^M^C]J]B]L^7]4^N^:a4aMaK^M^8]7^.]*^.]   Q]P`>`Q^=^NZ;^Q`>_LZ>].^Q`?]L]?].].]Q^;].]M]M]N]L]>^P^>`Q^=^Q`?]/ZL];]-^Q`:a4`"
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+"&^ <\\H\\ K[R[  I\\H\\     K_P`XZ9\\U\\   ,[R[,\\E\\D\\K]?\\E\\M]O\\=]G]D]G]D]G]D]G]D]G]D]G]D]K];^L]C].].].].].].].]-]K_C]La@^M^@^M^@^M^@^M^@^M^A_L_C`N^A^N^?^N^?^"
+"N^?^N^9]6].]L]?]P`>]P`>]P`>]P`>]P`>]P`>]P]X^LZN^NZ;_LZ>_LZ>_LZ>_LZ?].].].]-^P^>]L]>^P^=^P^=^P^=^P^=^P^2^:^P^=^Q`>^Q`>^Q`>^Q`:a7`Q^9a  Dk<k<k<k<k>],a  "
+"H]-] /[,[._0_;]L]=j<]N]7`5a       J_S^ F] 6\\R\\=^U[W_5]N^V^K_Rd L],] /]:] 8]1])^T^3]8_0^Q`0]<]Q_8^S^8^3_R_=]R^:].] O] P]+]1\\PdW`N^G^C]N_;`R`C]NaA].]*`O"
+"`F]H]C].].]L^@].]C]H]La?`S`B]*`S`B]J]B`Q_6]3_R_9a4aMaL^K^9]8^-])].]   Q_Tb>aS^;_R\\:^Sa=`Q]>]-^Sa?]L]?].].]P^<].]M]M]N]L]=_T_=aS^;^Sa?]/^R_:]-^Sa:a3_P_"
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+" IZQZ  H]L] !u  ,`Sd9\\U\\   ,ZQZ,]E\\E]L]?]E\\M_S^>^G^F^G^F^G^F^G^F^G^F^G^F^K]:`R`C].].].].].].].]-]ObB]La?`S`>`S`>`S`>`S`>`S`?]J]CcS`?_R_=_R_=_R_=_R_8]6"
+"].]V[R^?_Tb>_Tb>_Tb>_Tb>_Tb>_Tb>_T^V_Q]M_R\\:`Q]=`Q]=`Q]=`Q]?].].].],_T_=]L]=_T_;_T_;_T_;_T_;_T_1^:`T_;^Sa=^Sa=^Sa=^Sa9_6aS^7_  Bi:i:i:i:i=]+`  I],] /["
+",[-].]:]L]<h;]N]7`3q      \"h E] 7]S]=k5]LdIjW^ M],] /]:] 8]1](f9k?n?l/]<j6g7]1j<h9].] LZ PZ(]1]O`U]K]E]Cm8kBn?n?](nE]H]C].].]K^Am>]C]H]K`>kA])kA]J^Cm5"
+"]2j7_2`M`K^J]9]8tC])].]   PgX]>]Xf9h9fX]<k>],fX]?]L]?].].]O^=].]M]M]N]L]<h<]Xf9fX]?]/j9d4gX]:a3_P_D^O^7_8m4]4](]   RfXaBk=^V^3h;j<]L]8_9^L]>qA^U]W]U^D"
+"i<]O`?k=]Xg:h3a7f>uCn?]/eSe;]:]H]7]5k >] :a <a D]-h>n?\\H\\8]4]%] 9^R^   *^R^  Xu  ,q9\\U\\    /]D\\F]LfH]D\\Li>]E]F]E]F]E]F]E]F]E]F]E]F]JnIkBn?n?n?n?].].]."
+"]-n@]K`>k<k<k<k<k=[H[Co<j;j;j;j7]6].]Vf=gX]=gX]=gX]=gX]=gX]=gX]=gTjLh9k<k<k<k?].].].]+h<]L]<h9h9h9h9h Fk:gX]=gX]=gX]=gX]9_6]Xf6_  @e6e6e6e6e;]+_  G\\+["
+" /].]-[,[9]L];e:^N^8`2p       e D] 7]S]<i4\\JbGgT^ M\\,\\ .]:] 8]1]'d8k?n>i-]<i4e6]0h;g8].]   I]0]3]E]Cl6h@l=n?]&jC]H]C].].]J^Bm>]C]H]K`<g?]'g?]I]Bj3]1h6"
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+"`=g;]Vd8f1`6d=uCn?]/eSe;]:]H]7]3g <] 9_ :_ C]+f>n>ZFZ7]4]%] 7f   &f  Vu  ,]XdW_9\\U\\    /\\C\\F\\KfH\\C\\Kg=]E]F]E]F]E]F]E]F]E]F]E]F]JnHh@n?n?n?n?].].].]-l>"
+"]K`<g8g8g8g8g J]Vh:h9h9h9h6]6].]Ve;dV]<dV]<dV]<dV]<dV]<dV]<eRiJf7i:i:i:i?].].].]*f;]L];f7f7f7f7f F]Xe7dV]<dV]<dV]<dV]9_6]Wd5_  <\\-\\-\\-\\-\\6]+_  FZ*[ /]"
+".],Z+Z9]L]8`8]L]7^.m       W` A] 7\\R\\7b2]H^BaP_ O].] .]:\\ 7]2^%`6k?n:b*]9c/a5],b6b5].\\   H]/\\4]C]Di0b=h9n?]#c?]H]C].].]I_Dm>]C]H]J_9a<]$d?]I^?c0].b3_2"
+"_K_M^G^;]8tC](]/]   M`T]>]U`2b4`U]7c;])`U]?]L]?].].]M^?].]M]M]N]L]8`8]U`3`U]?],c2a0_T]9_2^N^F^K^8]7m4]4](]   O`R^B]Va8b-`3d:]L]7]9^J]?]V`T]>cUc?c9]N_:"
+"a8]T`3`-_4`<wDn?]/eSe;]:]H]7]0a 9] 8] 8] B])b<n @]4]&^ 5b   \"b  Tu  ,]V`T]8\\U\\    0].].]0b;]C]H]C]H]C]H]C]H]C]H^E^H^JnEb=n?n?n?n?].].].]-h:]J_9a2a2a2a"
+"2a G\\Rb4b3b3b3b3]6].]Vc7`T]:`T]:`T]:`T]:`T]:`T]:aMcEb2c4c4c4c<].].].]'`8]L]8`1`1`1`1` D]Ua2_T]9_T]9_T]9_T]8]5]U`2]      =]                       &[   "
+"O].]  E]  E]         ']    S]        R]      ^       (](]/]        C]  S]    '] V]      F^ 7]4](]   %])[  4]7] @])_Q_:] 9]6]                6[   S]0[R"
+"^           H]%\\U\\ A\\            @\\             /Z            <\\             ,[    M^5](^      =]                       &[   N]0]  D\\  D]         '\\  "
+"  Q^DZ       1]      _       )](]/]        D^  S]    '] V]      F] 6]4](]   %]   ;]7] @] /] 9]6]                6[   S]0g           H]%\\U\\ @\\         "
+"   @\\                          J\\                  X]4](]      <]                       &[   N]0]  D\\  E^         '\\    P^G]       2]      X^       )]"
+"(^0]        D]  R]    '] V]      G^ 6]4](]   %]   ;]7] @] /] 9]6]                6[   S]0e           F]%\\U\\ ?[            ?[                          "
+"I[                  ^4])^      @ZV]                       &[   M]2]  D]  E]         ']    O_K_       3]      V^       *b,]5b        E^  R]    '] V]   "
+"   G^ 6^5])^   %]   ;]7] @] /] 9]6]                6[   S].a           D]%\\U\\ ?\\            @\\                          J\\                 !^4])^     "
+" B\\V]                       &[   M]2]  D\\            G\\    L`P`       2]      U^       +b =b        RZN^  R^    '] V]      H^ 4^6]*^   $]   ;]7] @] /]"
+" 9]6]                6[   S]            J]  :\\            @\\                          J\\                 \"^3]*^      A\\V\\                       %[   L"
+"]4]                   Vm       2^      S^       ,b =b        R\\Q_  R]    &] V]      I^ 3b:].b   $]   ;]7] @] /] 9]6]                6[   S]           "
+" J]  @ZU]            FZU]                          PZU]                 #^2]+^      @b                       %[                       Si       4b     "
+"                  %i  Ua    &] V]      Mb 2a:].a   #]   ;]7] @] /] 9]6]                   .]            J]  @b            Fb                          "
+"Pb                 'b2]       E`                                               Qb       1a                       $g  S`    %] V]      Ma /_:]._   !]  "
+" ;]7] @] /] 9]6]                   .]            J]  @a            Ea                          Oa                 &a1]       D^                       "
+"                                X^                 Ip      Fc  Q^    #] V]      M_  A]    )]   ;]7] @] /] 9]6]                                T]  @`  "
+"          D`                          N`                 %_/]       BZ                                                                        Ap      "
+"                 6]                                                                                                                                   "
+"                                                        p                       6]                                                                    "
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                                                F]']2]    +]']2^ D]']3_   E]']1]   \"]']2^ 8]                             H";
+
+    // Define a 90x103 font (huge size).
+    const char *const _data_font90x103[] = {  // Defined as an array to avoid MS compiler limit about constant string (65Kb).
+      // Start of first string.
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                                                                        HX     4V         >X       IX           *W             FW                     "
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                                                                                                                     HX  W 4Z 3VCT   <Z     >X  W 4Z  "
+" HX  W 4Z     'VCT ;X  W 3Y 2UCT       KX  W 3Y   0W                                                                                                  "
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                                    @W !W 4\\ 5YET ?XHX 8]     >W !W 4\\ 7XGX KW !W 4\\ 7XHX   +YET :W !W 3[ 5ZFT ?XGX     EW !W 3[ 7XGX 5W              "
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                                                                                                                        >W \"V 3\\ 7]HU ?XHX 9`     ?W \""
+"V 3\\ 7XGX JW \"V 3\\ 7XHX   -]HU 9W \"V 3] 7]HT ?XGX     DW \"V 3] 8XGX 5V                                                                                "
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                                                      <W $V 3VNV 8_KV ?XHX 9`     >W $V 3VNV 8XGX IW $V 3VNV 8XHX   -_KV 8W $V 2] 7_KU ?XGX     CW $V "
+"2] 8XGX 6V                                                                                                                                            "
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                                                                                                                                                :W &W "
+"4VLV :j >XHX :VJV     >W &W 4VLV 9XGX HW &W 4VLV 9XHX   .j 6W &W 3VMV 9i >XGX     BW &W 3VMV 9XGX 7W               MW                                 "
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                                                                                      CV 'W 4VJV ;j >XHX ;UGV     >V 'W 4VJV :XGX GV 'W 4VJV :XHX   .j"
+" 5V 'W 3VKV :i >XGX     AV 'W 3VKV :XGX 8W               N[                                                                                           "
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                            DV )W 4VHU <VK_ =XHX ;TEU     =V )W 4VHU :XGX FV )W 4VHU :XHX   /VK_ 3V )W 3VIV <UK_ =XGX     @V )W 3VIV ;XGX 9W          "
+"     N]                                                                                                                                               "
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                                                                                                                              DV *V 3UFU =UH\\ <XHX <UD"
+"T     <V *V 3UFU ;XGX EV *V 3UFU ;XHX   /UH\\ 1V *V 2UGU <TH] =XGX     ?V *V 2UGU ;XGX 9V               a                                              "
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                                                                         EV ,V 3UDU >TEY ;XHX <TBT     <V ,V 3UDU <XGX DV ,V 3UDU <XHX   /TEY /V ,V 2U"
+"EU =TFZ <XGX     >V ,V 2UEU <XGX :V               Na                                                                                                  "
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                     DU -V 3VDV ?TCV :XHX <TBT     ;U -V 3VDV =XGX CU -V 3VDV =XHX   /TCV -U -V 2UCU >TCU :XGX     =U -V 2UCU =XGX ;V               NV"
+"IV                                                                          \"W                                                                        "
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                                                                                                                          JU /V 3VBV     ETBT     :U /"
+"V 3VBV   FU /V 3VBV       (U /V 2UAU         DU /V 2UAU   @V               NVGV                                                                       "
+"   $X                                                                                                                                                 "
+"              *X                                                                                                                                      "
+"                           JX                                GTBT                                                   MX  GX 7V     :UEU     DX  GX 7V  "
+" JX  GX 7W       4X  GX 6V         GX  GX 5V   (X                            &X                                                                       "
+"                                                                                        )X                                                     8V     "
+"                                                                                                      ;X                                FTBT          "
+"                                         LX  IX 7X     <UCU     DX  IX 7X   JX  IX 6W       3X  IX 6X         GX  IX 5X   *X                          "
+"  &Y                                                                                                                                                  "
+"             (X                                                     9V                                                                                "
+"                           <X                                ETBT                                                   KX  KX 6X 1TBT   BTAT     CX  KX 6"
+"Y   JX  KX 6Y     (TBT BX  KX 5X 1TBT       LX  KX 4X   +X                            %T                                                    #W 9W     "
+"                                                                                          3a   :a     <W   2W    >W   E\\   AW ,W ,W ,W ,W             "
+"                HY GV +Y         4Z           NX                 @X                                                                  %W               "
+"                 DUDU                                                 =Y 7W  KW 6Z 4XDT   BTAT     BW  KW 6Z   IW  KW 6[   ,Y )XDT AW  KW 5Z 4XDT     "
+"  KW  KW 4Z   ,W BW                 8V         (S                                             <S       9V 7V                                          "
+"                                                     3a   :a     ;W   3W    >W   H_   AW ,W ,W ,W ,W                             L] GV +]         ;a  "
+"        #[                 F^                                           8XGX                      +W                                BTEU              "
+"                      *R            9a :W  MW 6\\ 6ZET ?XHX <TAT     AW  MW 6\\ 7XGX LW  MW 5[ 7XGX .Y +ZET @W  MW 5\\ 6ZET ?XHX     DW  MW 4\\ 7XHX 0W AW"
+" &XHX               MZ         +T                                   $Y         BS 1W,V MY   8W 7W  T           9X   5Z /[     0Z   8Z /Y           GY "
+"      .\\       <\\               [   4[   :\\              -a   :a     :W   4W    >W   Ja   AW ,W ,W ,W ,W                             N_ GV +_         "
+"?e   8]       J]                 Jb       8[       <[                  $Y       FY 7XGX   =Z         Di 5W   8Z .Y !W         FW *Y   4W)V*W)V-Y(V    "
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+" IhKW IhKW IjEq7m Bq Fq Fq Fq LW ,W ,W ,W &j EW6W Hl Al Al Al Al   Ls AgKW HgKW HgKW HgKW @Z <WLh ;Z               MV &[     =P \"U    V +V )S (S CW4W "
+"De DX8X ?\\ 2|                Fh   IX   -VBV Ek 6V4c1kEZ  +V +V    KV BW   0X 4W  Mf At Mx Mq ,X Go :h =X 0l Ej ?X -W       1X 2W 6X(X(s ;o\"s Hy NX  r%"
+"X/X'X -X -X2['w LX&X0X4\\ Im NX !m NX0Y(t 9X 2m ;Z 5[5[5X-X FX @~U&W !W -W       @fJW JWJe ?j AeJW En IW 'cIW MW6W MW ,W ,W9Y LW ,W7W7W=W6W Fh DWJe AeJ"
+"W MW .m ;b 6eJW A\\ 5Z<Z)X6X >X ?v 6W :V  MW       CeG[$r Fc 2h Am EW6W @Y ?X3W MWMdL\\ cGc#m GW;\\ Hm HWKg Ah /] ?f I~Y(x MX 1iEi HX CX0X ?X 7m   8V   0"
+"X   2Z   FX (j Kz   AX :V  HW   -g         Lh    ,~W      :WMdL\\ @UGU          \"V$U-V5i0V$U7i HX(X.X(X.X(X.X(X.X(X.X(X/X2y1o\"y Ny Ny Ny NX -X -X -X ,t"
+" JX4\\ Im Bm Bm Bm Bm  %VHm Dm Bm Bm Bm =X <X -WJh HfJW HfJW HfJW HfJW HfJW HfJW HhBn4j ?n Cn Cn Cn KW ,W ,W ,W %h DW6W Fh =h =h =h =h   KVMi >eJW GeJW"
+" GeJW GeJW ?X ;WJe 9X               MW &Z       =U    W ,W *R &Q BW4W B` AW6W >[ /y                Dd   GX   -VCV Af 5V2a.gBZ  ,W -W    KV CX   0X 4V "
+" Kd @t Mx Km *X Ek 6d ;X .h Bh >X .X       1X 1W 7X(X(q 7j Np Ey NX  Mm\"X/X'X -X -X1[(w LX&X0X4\\ Gi LX  Ni LX/X$n 7X 0i 9Z 5[5[6Y-Y GX @~U&W  V -W    "
+"   >cIW JWIb <g =bIW Ci FW %_GW MW6W MW ,W ,W8Y MW ,W7W7W=W6W Ef CWIb =bIW MW +h 8a 5cIW @Z 4Y:Y*Y5X ?X ?v 6W :V  MW       AbDY$WMf Ca 0f >k EW6W @Y ?"
+"W2W MWK`I[ NaEa i EW;\\ Fi FWIc >e ,\\ =b G~Y(x MX 1iEi HX CX0X ?X 5i   6V   /V   0X   EX &f Iz   AX :V /P;W   *c         Gb    )~W      :WK`I[ @UGU    "
+"      #V#U.V4i1V#U6f FX(X.X(X.X(X.X(X.X(X.X(X/X2y/j Ny Ny Ny Ny NX -X -X -X ,p FX4\\ Gi >i >i >i >i  $VEi @i >i >i >i ;X <X -WIf EcIW FcIW FcIW FcIW Fc"
+"IW FcIW Fd>i0g ;i >i >i >i HW ,W ,W ,W #d BW6W Ef ;f ;f ;f ;f   JUJe ;cIW FcIW FcIW FcIW ?X ;WIb 7X               MW %Y       =T    X -X )P %P AW4W ?Z"
+" >W6X ?Z ,w                B`   EX   .VBV <] 1V0]*b?[  -W -W    KV CW   /X 4V  I` >t Mx Hg 'X Bf 2` :X +d =b ;X .W       0X 1X 9X&X)m 0d Kj ?y NX  Jg "
+"NX/X'X -X -X0[)w LX&X0X3[ Dc IX  Kf LX/Y!g 4X .e 7Z 5Z3Z7Y+Y HX @~U&W  V -W       =`GW JWG^ 7b 9^GW Ad CW \"YDW MW6W MW ,W ,W7Y NW ,W7W7W=W6W B` @WG^ 9"
+"^GW MW (c 2] 3_GW @Z 3X:X*Y4Y @X ?v 6W :V  MW       ?_AW$WKb @^ +` 9g CW6W ?W ?X2X NWJ^GY K]B^ Ke CW:[ Dd CWG_ 9` 'Y ;^ F~[)x MX 1iEi HX CX0X ?X 2c   "
+"3V   .T   .V   DX $b Gz   AX :V /R>X   &[         ?Z    %~W      :WJ^GY ?UGU          #V +V +V 1b EX&X0X&X0X&X0X&X0X&X0Y'X1X1y,d Ky Ny Ny Ny NX -X -X "
+"-X ,j @X3[ Dc 8c 8c 8c 8c  !VBc ;e :e :e :e 9X <X -WFa B`GW E`GW E`GW E`GW E`GW E`GW D`:d*b 7d 9d 9d 9d EW ,W ,W ,W !` @W6W B` 5` 5` 5` 5`   HVHa 7_GW"
+" D_GW D_GW D_GW ?X ;WG^ 5X               MW         7S                   @r                >Y         BS .V,W#Z   ;V -V     7W     ;W  EX     ;\\   6] "
+"+Z   5\\ 5Z   <W         7X     %\\       <]    \"X         ([   4c   E]   /[          (W  W .W       :Y #X 0Z 2X *\\   $W    &W         .Z =WDX 3XDW   I["
+"   0Y       8W   -W :V  MW       <Z ;WH[ 9Y &Z 1]  LW ?W   >WGXBU FX=X E` \"W >] @WDY 3Z   2X               C[           >T     :[       KV /TAY       "
+"                   EWGXBU =UGU   BT       6V +V +V ,Y               ?\\                    +[ 0[ 0[ 0[ 0[   KT=[ 2[ 0[ 0[ 0[     7Z ;Y .Y .Y .Y .Y .Y -"
+"Y2\\\"Z /\\ 1\\ 1\\ 1\\         CZ   3Z /Z /Z /Z /Z   FVCZ 1Y .Y .Y .Y ,W :WDX 2W               LW         7R                                             #S"
+"       >W /W     8W     :V                      \"W         5X                  )X             &Z                  CW  NV .W                   :W    %W"
+"           @W  :W              -X   -W :V  MW         LW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                      3S       GV /XGZ        "
+"                  DW  HUGU   AT                            %T                               'R                             JT                         "
+"      #T         (X :W  NX               LW                                                       7S       =V /V     7W     :V                      \"W"
+"         4X'Q                 &Y             %Z                  DW  NV .W                   :W    %W           @W  :W              -W   ,W :V  MW    "
+"     LW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                      3S       GV /j                          CW  HUGU   @T                    "
+"        %T                               'P                             HT                               \"Q         'W 9W  NW               KW        "
+"                                               7S       =W 1W     7V     :W                      \"V         2X)R                 &X             #Z    "
+"              EW  NW /W                   :W    %W           @W  :W              -W   ,X ;V  NX         LW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W            "
+"                          3S       GV /j                          CW  HUGU   @U                            &U                                         "
+"                    U                               \"P         'W 9W  NW               KV                                                       6S    "
+"   <V 1V     6V     :V                      !V         1Y-U                 'X             \"Z                  FW  MV /W                   ;X    %W   "
+"        @W  :W              .X   +W ;V  NW         KW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                      3S       GV /h             "
+"             AW  HUGU   ?T                            %T                                                             NT                               "
+"          )X 9W  X               KV                                                       6S       <W 3V     6V     9V                      \"V        "
+" /Z1X                 (X             !Z                  Ga (V 9a                   ;W    $W           @W  :W              .W   *W ;V  NW         KW  "
+"      FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                      3S       GV .f                          @W  HUGU   ?U                            &"
+"U                                                             U                                         *W 8W  W               JV                     "
+"                                  6S       ;V 3V     6V     :W                      \"V         .[5[                 *Y              Z                 "
+" Ha (W :a                   <X    $W           @W  :W              /X   *X <V  X         KW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                           "
+"           3S       GV +a                          >W  HUGU   >T                            %T                                                        "
+"     NT                                         +X 8W !X              (VIV                                                       6S       :V 5V     5U"
+"     9W                      \"U         +\\;]                 )X              MZ                  Ia (W :a                   =Y    %W           ?W  :W "
+"             /W   )[ ?V #[         KW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                      3S       GV 'Z                          ;W "
+" HUGU   >U                            &U                                                             U                                         ,W 7W !"
+"W              'VIV                                                       6S       :V 6W     6V                            4V         *_C`            "
+"     )Y              LZ                  Ja   :a                  (P7Y    $W           ?W  :W              0X   (b GV +b         JW        FW ?W   >W "
+"   NW   0W =W                                      3S       GV                            7W  HUGU   >U                            &U                 "
+"                                            U                                         -X 7W \"X              'VJW                                      "
+"                 6S       9V 7V     5U                            3U         'x                 (Z              KZ                  Ka   :a           "
+"       (R:Z    $W           ?W  :W              0X   (b GV +b         JW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                      3S      "
+" GV                            7W     #U                            &U                                                             U                  "
+"                       -X 7W \"X              &UJW                                                       6S       9W 9W                                "
+"            Bu                 ([              IZ                  La   :a                  (T>[    $X           ?W  :W              1X   &a GV +a    "
+"     IW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                      3S       GV                            7W     $V                         "
+"   'V                                                            !V                                         .X 6W #X              %VLW                "
+"                                       5S                                                     2p                 -a                                   "
+"                    8XE]    %Y           >W  :W              3Z   $_ GV +_         GW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                 "
+"     3S       GV                            7W     /QGW                            2QGW                                                            ,QG"
+"W                                         0Z 6W %Z              %a                                                       5S                           "
+"                          0l                 +a                                                       8p    +_           >W  :W              ;a   !] G"
+"V +]         EW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                      3S       GV                            7W     /`                 "
+"           1`                                                            +`                                         7a 5W -a              #`          "
+"                                                                                                   >e                 '`                              "
+"                         7o    *^           =W  :W              ;`    KY GV +Y         AW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                             "
+"         3S       GV                            7W     /`                            1`                                                            +` "
+"                                        7` 4W -`              \"_                                                                                      "
+"                       8\\                 #_                                       \"}              3n    )^           =W  :W              ;`     9V   "
+"        BW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                             'V                            7W     /_                        "
+"    0_                                                            *_                                         6` 4W -`              !]                 "
+"                                                                                                              -]                                      "
+"  }              3l    ']           <W  :W              ;_     8V           BW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                        "
+"     'V                            7W     /^                            /^                                                            )^              "
+"                           5_ 3W -_               N[                                                                                                  "
+"                             ,[                                        M}              2j    &\\           ;W  :W              ;^     7V           BW  "
+"      FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                                                          7W     -Y                            *Y       "
+"                                                     $Y                                         2^ 2W -^               LX                             "
+"                                                                                                  *X                                        J}        "
+"      /d    #Z           9W  :W              ;\\     5V           BW        FW ?W   >W    NW   0W =W                                                   "
+"                       7W                                                                                                                             "
+"            /\\ 0W                 HT                                                                                                                  "
+"                                                      I}              *[     NW           6W  :W              ;Z     3V           BW        FW ?W   >W"
+"    NW   0W =W                                                                          7W                                                            "
+"                                                                             /Z .W                                                                    "
+"                                                                                                                     =}                               "
+"                                                                                                                                                      "
+"                                                                                                                              D" };
+
+    // Define a 40x38 'danger' color logo (used by cimg::dialog()).
+    const unsigned char logo40x38[4576] = {
+      177,200,200,200,3,123,123,0,36,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,2,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,34,200,200,200,
+      1,123,123,0,4,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,1,123,123,123,32,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,5,255,255,0,1,0,0,
+      0,2,123,123,123,30,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,6,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,29,200,200,200,
+      1,123,123,0,7,255,255,0,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,28,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,8,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,
+      2,123,123,123,27,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,9,255,255,0,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,26,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,10,255,
+      255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,25,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,3,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,3,0,0,0,1,189,
+      189,189,3,255,255,0,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,24,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,4,255,255,0,5,0,0,0,3,255,255,0,1,189,
+      189,189,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,23,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,4,255,255,0,5,0,0,0,4,255,255,0,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,
+      22,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,5,255,255,0,5,0,0,0,4,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,21,200,200,200,
+      1,123,123,0,5,255,255,0,5,0,0,0,5,255,255,0,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,20,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,6,255,255,0,5,0,0,
+      0,5,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,19,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,6,255,255,0,1,123,123,0,3,0,0,0,1,
+      123,123,0,6,255,255,0,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,18,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,7,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,3,0,0,0,1,189,
+      189,189,6,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,17,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,8,255,255,0,3,0,0,0,8,255,255,
+      0,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,16,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,9,255,255,0,1,123,123,0,1,0,0,0,1,123,123,0,8,255,255,0,1,189,
+      189,189,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,15,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,9,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,1,189,189,189,9,255,255,
+      0,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,14,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,11,255,255,0,1,0,0,0,10,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,2,123,
+      123,123,13,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,23,255,255,0,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,12,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,11,255,255,0,1,189,
+      189,189,2,0,0,0,1,189,189,189,9,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,11,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,11,255,255,
+      0,4,0,0,0,10,255,255,0,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,10,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,12,255,255,0,4,0,0,0,10,255,255,0,1,189,189,
+      189,1,0,0,0,2,123,123,123,9,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,12,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,2,0,0,0,1,189,189,189,11,255,255,0,1,
+      0,0,0,2,123,123,123,9,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,27,255,255,0,1,0,0,0,3,123,123,123,8,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,26,255,
+      255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,3,123,123,123,9,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,24,255,255,0,1,189,189,189,1,0,0,0,4,123,123,
+      123,10,200,200,200,1,123,123,0,24,0,0,0,5,123,123,123,12,200,200,200,27,123,123,123,14,200,200,200,25,123,123,123,86,
+      200,200,200,91,49,124,118,124,71,32,124,95,49,56,114,52,82,121,0};
+
+    //! Get/set default output stream for the \CImg library messages.
+    /**
+       \param file Desired output stream. Set to \c 0 to get the currently used output stream only.
+       \return Currently used output stream.
+    **/
+    inline std::FILE* output(std::FILE *file) {
+      cimg::mutex(1);
+      static std::FILE *res = stderr;
+      if (file) res = file;
+      cimg::mutex(1,0);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    // Return number of available CPU cores.
+    inline unsigned int nb_cpus() {
+      unsigned int res = 1;
+#if cimg_OS==2
+      SYSTEM_INFO sysinfo;
+      GetSystemInfo(&sysinfo);
+      res = (unsigned int)sysinfo.dwNumberOfProcessors;
+#else
+      res = (unsigned int)sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
+#endif
+      return res?res:1U;
+    }
+
+    // Lock/unlock mutex for CImg multi-thread programming.
+    inline int mutex(const unsigned int n, const int lock_mode) {
+      switch (lock_mode) {
+      case 0 : cimg::Mutex_attr().unlock(n); return 0;
+      case 1 : cimg::Mutex_attr().lock(n); return 0;
+      default : return cimg::Mutex_attr().trylock(n);
+      }
+    }
+
+    //! Display a warning message on the default output stream.
+    /**
+       \param format C-string containing the format of the message, as with <tt>std::printf()</tt>.
+       \note If configuration macro \c cimg_strict_warnings is set, this function throws a
+       \c CImgWarningException instead.
+       \warning As the first argument is a format string, it is highly recommended to write
+       \code
+       cimg::warn("%s",warning_message);
+       \endcode
+       instead of
+       \code
+       cimg::warn(warning_message);
+       \endcode
+       if \c warning_message can be arbitrary, to prevent nasty memory access.
+    **/
+    inline void warn(const char *const format, ...) {
+      if (cimg::exception_mode()>=1) {
+        char message[16384] = { 0 };
+        std::va_list ap;
+        va_start(ap,format);
+        cimg_vsnprintf(message,sizeof(message),format,ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+#ifdef cimg_strict_warnings
+        throw CImgWarningException(message);
+#else
+        std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"\n%s[CImg] *** Warning ***%s%s",cimg::t_red,cimg::t_normal,message);
+#endif
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Execute an external system command.
+    /**
+       \param command C-string containing the command line to execute.
+       \param module_name Module name.
+       \return Status value of the executed command, whose meaning is OS-dependent.
+       \note This function is similar to <tt>std::system()</tt>
+       but it does not open an extra console windows
+       on Windows-based systems.
+    **/
+    inline int system(const char *const command, const char *const module_name=0) {
+      cimg::unused(module_name);
+#ifdef cimg_no_system_calls
+      return -1;
+#else
+#if cimg_OS==1
+      const unsigned int l = std::strlen(command);
+      if (l) {
+        char *const ncommand = new char[l+16];
+        std::strncpy(ncommand,command,l);
+        std::strcpy(ncommand+l," 2> /dev/null"); // Make command silent.
+        const int out_val = std::system(ncommand);
+        delete[] ncommand;
+        return out_val;
+      } else return -1;
+#elif cimg_OS==2
+      PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
+      STARTUPINFO si;
+      std::memset(&pi,0,sizeof(PROCESS_INFORMATION));
+      std::memset(&si,0,sizeof(STARTUPINFO));
+      GetStartupInfo(&si);
+      si.cb = sizeof(si);
+      si.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE;
+      si.dwFlags |= SW_HIDE | STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
+      const BOOL res = CreateProcess((LPCTSTR)module_name,(LPTSTR)command,0,0,FALSE,0,0,0,&si,&pi);
+      if (res) {
+        WaitForSingleObject(pi.hProcess, INFINITE);
+        CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
+        CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
+        return 0;
+      } else return std::system(command);
+#endif
+#endif
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to a temporary variable of type T.
+    template<typename T>
+    inline T& temporary(const T&) {
+      static T temp;
+      return temp;
+    }
+
+    //! Exchange values of variables \c a and \c b.
+    template<typename T>
+    inline void swap(T& a, T& b) { T t = a; a = b; b = t; }
+
+    //! Exchange values of variables (\c a1,\c a2) and (\c b1,\c b2).
+    template<typename T1, typename T2>
+    inline void swap(T1& a1, T1& b1, T2& a2, T2& b2) {
+      cimg::swap(a1,b1); cimg::swap(a2,b2);
+    }
+
+    //! Exchange values of variables (\c a1,\c a2,\c a3) and (\c b1,\c b2,\c b3).
+    template<typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
+    inline void swap(T1& a1, T1& b1, T2& a2, T2& b2, T3& a3, T3& b3) {
+      cimg::swap(a1,b1,a2,b2); cimg::swap(a3,b3);
+    }
+
+    //! Exchange values of variables (\c a1,\c a2,...,\c a4) and (\c b1,\c b2,...,\c b4).
+    template<typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
+    inline void swap(T1& a1, T1& b1, T2& a2, T2& b2, T3& a3, T3& b3, T4& a4, T4& b4) {
+      cimg::swap(a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3); cimg::swap(a4,b4);
+    }
+
+    //! Exchange values of variables (\c a1,\c a2,...,\c a5) and (\c b1,\c b2,...,\c b5).
+    template<typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
+    inline void swap(T1& a1, T1& b1, T2& a2, T2& b2, T3& a3, T3& b3, T4& a4, T4& b4, T5& a5, T5& b5) {
+      cimg::swap(a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3,a4,b4); cimg::swap(a5,b5);
+    }
+
+    //! Exchange values of variables (\c a1,\c a2,...,\c a6) and (\c b1,\c b2,...,\c b6).
+    template<typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5, typename T6>
+    inline void swap(T1& a1, T1& b1, T2& a2, T2& b2, T3& a3, T3& b3, T4& a4, T4& b4, T5& a5, T5& b5, T6& a6, T6& b6) {
+      cimg::swap(a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3,a4,b4,a5,b5); cimg::swap(a6,b6);
+    }
+
+    //! Exchange values of variables (\c a1,\c a2,...,\c a7) and (\c b1,\c b2,...,\c b7).
+    template<typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5, typename T6, typename T7>
+    inline void swap(T1& a1, T1& b1, T2& a2, T2& b2, T3& a3, T3& b3, T4& a4, T4& b4, T5& a5, T5& b5, T6& a6, T6& b6,
+                     T7& a7, T7& b7) {
+      cimg::swap(a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3,a4,b4,a5,b5,a6,b6); cimg::swap(a7,b7);
+    }
+
+    //! Exchange values of variables (\c a1,\c a2,...,\c a8) and (\c b1,\c b2,...,\c b8).
+    template<typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8>
+    inline void swap(T1& a1, T1& b1, T2& a2, T2& b2, T3& a3, T3& b3, T4& a4, T4& b4, T5& a5, T5& b5, T6& a6, T6& b6,
+                     T7& a7, T7& b7, T8& a8, T8& b8) {
+      cimg::swap(a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3,a4,b4,a5,b5,a6,b6,a7,b7); cimg::swap(a8,b8);
+    }
+
+    //! Return the endianness of the current architecture.
+    /**
+       \return \c false for <i>Little Endian</i> or \c true for <i>Big Endian</i>.
+    **/
+    inline bool endianness() {
+      const int x = 1;
+      return ((unsigned char*)&x)[0]?false:true;
+    }
+
+    //! Reverse endianness of all elements in a memory buffer.
+    /**
+       \param[in,out] buffer Memory buffer whose endianness must be reversed.
+       \param size Number of buffer elements to reverse.
+    **/
+    template<typename T>
+    inline void invert_endianness(T* const buffer, const unsigned long size) {
+      if (size) switch (sizeof(T)) {
+      case 1 : break;
+      case 2 : { for (unsigned short *ptr = (unsigned short*)buffer+size; ptr>(unsigned short*)buffer; ) {
+        const unsigned short val = *(--ptr);
+        *ptr = (unsigned short)((val>>8)|((val<<8)));
+      }
+      } break;
+      case 4 : { for (unsigned int *ptr = (unsigned int*)buffer+size; ptr>(unsigned int*)buffer; ) {
+        const unsigned int val = *(--ptr);
+        *ptr = (val>>24)|((val>>8)&0xff00)|((val<<8)&0xff0000)|(val<<24);
+      }
+      } break;
+      default : { for (T* ptr = buffer+size; ptr>buffer; ) {
+        unsigned char *pb = (unsigned char*)(--ptr), *pe = pb + sizeof(T);
+        for (int i = 0; i<(int)sizeof(T)/2; ++i) swap(*(pb++),*(--pe));
+      }
+      }
+      }
+    }
+
+    //! Reverse endianness of a single variable.
+    /**
+       \param[in,out] a Variable to reverse.
+       \return Reference to reversed variable.
+    **/
+    template<typename T>
+    inline T& invert_endianness(T& a) {
+      invert_endianness(&a,1);
+      return a;
+    }
+
+    // Conversion functions to get more precision when trying to store unsigned ints values as floats.
+    inline unsigned int float2uint(const float f) {
+      int tmp = 0;
+      std::memcpy(&tmp,&f,sizeof(float));
+      if (tmp>=0) return (unsigned int)f;
+      unsigned int u;
+      // use memcpy instead of assignment to avoid undesired optimizations by C++-compiler.
+      std::memcpy(&u,&f,sizeof(float));
+      return ((u)<<1)>>1; // set sign bit to 0.
+    }
+
+    inline float uint2float(const unsigned int u) {
+      if (u<(1U<<19)) return (float)u;  // Consider safe storage of unsigned int as floats until 19bits (i.e 524287).
+      float f;
+      const unsigned int v = u|(1U<<(8*sizeof(unsigned int)-1)); // set sign bit to 1.
+      // use memcpy instead of simple assignment to avoid undesired optimizations by C++-compiler.
+      std::memcpy(&f,&v,sizeof(float));
+      return f;
+    }
+
+    //! Return the value of a system timer, with a millisecond precision.
+    /**
+       \note The timer does not necessarily starts from \c 0.
+    **/
+    inline unsigned long time() {
+#if cimg_OS==1
+      struct timeval st_time;
+      gettimeofday(&st_time,0);
+      return (unsigned long)(st_time.tv_usec/1000 + st_time.tv_sec*1000);
+#elif cimg_OS==2
+      SYSTEMTIME st_time;
+      GetSystemTime(&st_time);
+      return (unsigned long)(st_time.wMilliseconds + 1000*(st_time.wSecond + 60*(st_time.wMinute + 60*st_time.wHour)));
+#else
+      return 0;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    // Implement a tic/toc mechanism to display elapsed time of algorithms.
+    inline unsigned long tictoc(const bool is_tic);
+
+    //! Start tic/toc timer for time measurement between code instructions.
+    /**
+       \return Current value of the timer (same value as time()).
+    **/
+    inline unsigned long tic() {
+      return cimg::tictoc(true);
+    }
+
+    //! End tic/toc timer and displays elapsed time from last call to tic().
+    /**
+       \return Time elapsed (in ms) since last call to tic().
+    **/
+    inline unsigned long toc() {
+      return cimg::tictoc(false);
+    }
+
+    //! Sleep for a given numbers of milliseconds.
+    /**
+       \param milliseconds Number of milliseconds to wait for.
+       \note This function frees the CPU ressources during the sleeping time.
+       It can be used to temporize your program properly, without wasting CPU time.
+    **/
+    inline void sleep(const unsigned int milliseconds) {
+#if cimg_OS==1
+      struct timespec tv;
+      tv.tv_sec = milliseconds/1000;
+      tv.tv_nsec = (milliseconds%1000)*1000000;
+      nanosleep(&tv,0);
+#elif cimg_OS==2
+      Sleep(milliseconds);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    inline unsigned int _wait(const unsigned int milliseconds, unsigned long& timer) {
+      if (!timer) timer = cimg::time();
+      const unsigned long current_time = cimg::time();
+      if (current_time>=timer+milliseconds) { timer = current_time; return 0; }
+      const unsigned long time_diff = timer + milliseconds - current_time;
+      timer = current_time + time_diff;
+      cimg::sleep(time_diff);
+      return (unsigned int)time_diff;
+    }
+
+    //! Wait for a given number of milliseconds since the last call to wait().
+    /**
+       \param milliseconds Number of milliseconds to wait for.
+       \return Number of milliseconds elapsed since the last call to wait().
+       \note Same as sleep() with a waiting time computed with regard to the last call
+       of wait(). It may be used to temporize your program properly, without wasting CPU time.
+    **/
+    inline unsigned int wait(const unsigned int milliseconds) {
+      cimg::mutex(3);
+      static unsigned long timer = 0;
+      if (!timer) timer = cimg::time();
+      cimg::mutex(3,0);
+      return _wait(milliseconds,timer);
+    }
+
+    // Random number generators.
+    // CImg may use its own Random Number Generator (RNG) if configuration macro 'cimg_use_rng' is set.
+    // Use it for instance when you have to deal with concurrent threads trying to call std::srand()
+    // at the same time!
+#ifdef cimg_use_rng
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+    // Use a custom RNG.
+    inline unsigned int _rand(const unsigned int seed=0, const bool set_seed=false) {
+      static unsigned long next = 0xB16B00B5;
+      cimg::mutex(4);
+      if (set_seed) next = (unsigned long)seed;
+      next = next*1103515245 + 12345U;
+      cimg::mutex(4,0);
+      return (unsigned int)(next&0xFFFFFFU);
+    }
+
+    inline void srand() {
+      const unsigned int t = (unsigned int)cimg::time();
+#if cimg_OS==1
+      cimg::_rand(t+(unsigned int)getpid(),true);
+#elif cimg_OS==2
+      cimg::_rand(t+(unsigned int)_getpid(),true);
+#else
+      cimg::_rand(t,true);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    inline void srand(const unsigned int seed) {
+      _rand(seed,true);
+    }
+
+    inline double rand() {
+      return cimg::_rand()/16777215.;
+    }
+
+#else
+
+    // Use the system RNG.
+    inline void srand() {
+      const unsigned int t = (unsigned int)cimg::time();
+#if cimg_OS==1
+      std::srand(t+(unsigned int)getpid());
+#elif cimg_OS==2
+      std::srand(t+(unsigned int)_getpid());
+#else
+      std::srand(t);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    inline void srand(const unsigned int seed) {
+      std::srand(seed);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a random variable between [0,1] with respect to an uniform distribution.
+    /**
+    **/
+    inline double rand() {
+      return (double)std::rand()/RAND_MAX;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Return a random variable between [-1,1] with respect to an uniform distribution.
+    /**
+    **/
+    inline double crand() {
+      return 1-2*cimg::rand();
+    }
+
+    //! Return a random variable following a gaussian distribution and a standard deviation of 1.
+    /**
+    **/
+    inline double grand() {
+      double x1, w;
+      do {
+        const double x2 = 2*cimg::rand() - 1.0;
+        x1 = 2*cimg::rand()-1.0;
+        w = x1*x1 + x2*x2;
+      } while (w<=0 || w>=1.0);
+      return x1*std::sqrt((-2*std::log(w))/w);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a random variable following a Poisson distribution of parameter z.
+    /**
+    **/
+    inline unsigned int prand(const double z) {
+      if (z<=1.0e-10) return 0;
+      if (z>100) return (unsigned int)((std::sqrt(z) * cimg::grand()) + z);
+      unsigned int k = 0;
+      const double y = std::exp(-z);
+      for (double s = 1.0; s>=y; ++k) s*=cimg::rand();
+      return k-1;
+    }
+
+    //! Bitwise-rotate value on the left.
+    template<typename T>
+    inline T rol(const T a, const unsigned int n=1) {
+      return n?(T)((a<<n)|(a>>((sizeof(T)<<3)-n))):a;
+    }
+
+    inline float rol(const float a, const unsigned int n=1) {
+      return (float)rol((int)a,n);
+    }
+
+    inline double rol(const double a, const unsigned int n=1) {
+      return (double)rol((long)a,n);
+    }
+
+    //! Bitwise-rotate value on the right.
+    template<typename T>
+    inline T ror(const T a, const unsigned int n=1) {
+      return n?(T)((a>>n)|(a<<((sizeof(T)<<3)-n))):a;
+    }
+
+    inline float ror(const float a, const unsigned int n=1) {
+      return (float)ror((int)a,n);
+    }
+
+    inline double ror(const double a, const unsigned int n=1) {
+      return (double)ror((long)a,n);
+    }
+
+    //! Return absolute value of a value.
+    template<typename T>
+    inline T abs(const T a) {
+      return a>=0?a:-a;
+    }
+    inline bool abs(const bool a) {
+      return a;
+    }
+    inline unsigned char abs(const unsigned char a) {
+      return a;
+    }
+    inline unsigned short abs(const unsigned short a) {
+      return a;
+    }
+    inline unsigned int abs(const unsigned int a) {
+      return a;
+    }
+    inline unsigned long abs(const unsigned long a) {
+      return a;
+    }
+    inline double abs(const double a) {
+      return std::fabs(a);
+    }
+    inline float abs(const float a) {
+      return (float)std::fabs((double)a);
+    }
+    inline int abs(const int a) {
+      return std::abs(a);
+    }
+
+    //! Return square of a value.
+    template<typename T>
+    inline T sqr(const T val) {
+      return val*val;
+    }
+
+    //! Return <tt>1 + log_10(x)</tt> of a value \c x.
+    inline int xln(const int x) {
+      return x>0?(int)(1+std::log10((double)x)):1;
+    }
+
+    //! Return the minimum between two values.
+    template<typename t1, typename t2>
+    inline typename cimg::superset<t1,t2>::type min(const t1& a, const t2& b) {
+      typedef typename cimg::superset<t1,t2>::type t1t2;
+      return (t1t2)(a<=b?a:b);
+    }
+
+    //! Return the minimum between three values.
+    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3>
+    inline typename cimg::superset2<t1,t2,t3>::type min(const t1& a, const t2& b, const t3& c) {
+      typedef typename cimg::superset2<t1,t2,t3>::type t1t2t3;
+      return (t1t2t3)cimg::min(cimg::min(a,b),c);
+    }
+
+    //! Return the minimum between four values.
+    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4>
+    inline typename cimg::superset3<t1,t2,t3,t4>::type min(const t1& a, const t2& b, const t3& c, const t4& d) {
+      typedef typename cimg::superset3<t1,t2,t3,t4>::type t1t2t3t4;
+      return (t1t2t3t4)cimg::min(cimg::min(a,b,c),d);
+    }
+
+    //! Return the maximum between two values.
+    template<typename t1, typename t2>
+    inline typename cimg::superset<t1,t2>::type max(const t1& a, const t2& b) {
+      typedef typename cimg::superset<t1,t2>::type t1t2;
+      return (t1t2)(a>=b?a:b);
+    }
+
+    //! Return the maximum between three values.
+    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3>
+    inline typename cimg::superset2<t1,t2,t3>::type max(const t1& a, const t2& b, const t3& c) {
+      typedef typename cimg::superset2<t1,t2,t3>::type t1t2t3;
+      return (t1t2t3)cimg::max(cimg::max(a,b),c);
+    }
+
+    //! Return the maximum between four values.
+    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4>
+    inline typename cimg::superset3<t1,t2,t3,t4>::type max(const t1& a, const t2& b, const t3& c, const t4& d) {
+      typedef typename cimg::superset3<t1,t2,t3,t4>::type t1t2t3t4;
+      return (t1t2t3t4)cimg::max(cimg::max(a,b,c),d);
+    }
+
+    //! Return the sign of a value.
+    template<typename T>
+    inline T sign(const T x) {
+      return (x<0)?(T)(-1):(x==0?(T)0:(T)1);
+    }
+
+    //! Return the nearest power of 2 higher than given value.
+    template<typename T>
+    inline unsigned long nearest_pow2(const T x) {
+      unsigned long i = 1;
+      while (x>i) i<<=1;
+      return i;
+    }
+
+    //! Return the sinc of a given value.
+    inline double sinc(const double x) {
+      return x?std::sin(x)/x:1;
+    }
+
+    //! Return the modulo of a value.
+    /**
+       \param x Input value.
+       \param m Modulo value.
+       \note This modulo function accepts negative and floating-points modulo numbers, as well as variables of any type.
+    **/
+    template<typename T>
+    inline T mod(const T& x, const T& m) {
+      const double dx = (double)x, dm = (double)m;
+      return (T)(dx - dm * std::floor(dx / dm));
+    }
+    inline int mod(const bool x, const bool m) {
+      return m?(x?1:0):0;
+    }
+    inline int mod(const char x, const char m) {
+      return x>=0?x%m:(x%m?m+x%m:0);
+    }
+    inline int mod(const short x, const short m) {
+      return x>=0?x%m:(x%m?m+x%m:0);
+    }
+    inline int mod(const int x, const int m) {
+      return x>=0?x%m:(x%m?m+x%m:0);
+    }
+    inline int mod(const long x, const long m) {
+      return x>=0?x%m:(x%m?m+x%m:0);
+    }
+    inline int mod(const unsigned char x, const unsigned char m) {
+      return x%m;
+    }
+    inline int mod(const unsigned short x, const unsigned short m) {
+      return x%m;
+    }
+    inline int mod(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int m) {
+      return x%m;
+    }
+    inline int mod(const unsigned long x, const unsigned long m) {
+      return x%m;
+    }
+
+    //! Return the min-mod of two values.
+    /**
+       \note <i>minmod(\p a,\p b)</i> is defined to be:
+       - <i>minmod(\p a,\p b) = min(\p a,\p b)</i>, if \p a and \p b have the same sign.
+       - <i>minmod(\p a,\p b) = 0</i>, if \p a and \p b have different signs.
+    **/
+    template<typename T>
+    inline T minmod(const T a, const T b) {
+      return a*b<=0?0:(a>0?(a<b?a:b):(a<b?b:a));
+    }
+
+    //! Return base-2 logarithm of a value.
+    inline double log2(const double x) {
+      static const double base = std::log(2.0);
+      return std::log(x)/base;
+    }
+
+    //! Return rounded value.
+    /**
+       \param x Value to be rounded.
+       \param y Rounding precision.
+       \param rounding_type Type of rounding operation (\c 0 = nearest, \c -1 = backward, \c 1 = forward).
+       \return Rounded value, having the same type as input value \c x.
+    **/
+    template<typename T>
+    inline T round(const T x, const double y=1, const int rounding_type=0) {
+      if (y<=0) return x;
+      const double sx = (double)x/y, floor = std::floor(sx), delta =  sx - floor;
+      return (T)(y*(rounding_type<0?floor:rounding_type>0?std::ceil(sx):delta<0.5?floor:std::ceil(sx)));
+    }
+
+    inline double _pythagore(double a, double b) {
+      const double absa = cimg::abs(a), absb = cimg::abs(b);
+      if (absa>absb) { const double tmp = absb/absa; return absa*std::sqrt(1.0+tmp*tmp); }
+      else { const double tmp = absa/absb; return absb==0?0:absb*std::sqrt(1.0+tmp*tmp); }
+    }
+
+    inline bool _is_self_expr(const char *expression) {
+      if (!expression || *expression=='>' || *expression=='<') return false;
+      for (const char *s = expression; *s; ++s)
+        if ((*s=='i' || *s=='j') && (s[1]=='(' || s[1]=='[')) return true;
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert ascii character to lower case.
+    inline char uncase(const char x) {
+      return (char)((x<'A'||x>'Z')?x:x-'A'+'a');
+    }
+
+    //! Convert C-string to lower case.
+    inline void uncase(char *const str) {
+      if (str) for (char *ptr = str; *ptr; ++ptr) *ptr = uncase(*ptr);
+    }
+
+    //! Read value in a C-string.
+    /**
+       \param str C-string containing the float value to read.
+       \return Read value.
+       \note Same as <tt>std::atof()</tt> extended to manage the retrieval of fractions from C-strings,
+       as in <em>"1/2"</em>.
+    **/
+    inline double atof(const char *const str) {
+      double x = 0, y = 1;
+      if (!str) return 0; else { std::sscanf(str,"%lf/%lf",&x,&y); return x/y; }
+    }
+
+    //! Compare the first \p l characters of two C-strings, ignoring the case.
+    /**
+       \param str1 C-string.
+       \param str2 C-string.
+       \param l Number of characters to compare.
+       \return \c 0 if the two strings are equal, something else otherwise.
+       \note This function has to be defined since it is not provided by all C++-compilers (not ANSI).
+    **/
+    inline int strncasecmp(const char *const str1, const char *const str2, const int l) {
+      if (!l) return 0;
+      if (!str1) return str2?-1:0;
+      const char *nstr1 = str1, *nstr2 = str2;
+      int k, diff = 0; for (k = 0; k<l && !(diff = uncase(*nstr1)-uncase(*nstr2)); ++k) { ++nstr1; ++nstr2; }
+      return k!=l?diff:0;
+    }
+
+    //! Compare two C-strings, ignoring the case.
+    /**
+       \param str1 C-string.
+       \param str2 C-string.
+       \return \c 0 if the two strings are equal, something else otherwise.
+       \note This function has to be defined since it is not provided by all C++-compilers (not ANSI).
+    **/
+    inline int strcasecmp(const char *const str1, const char *const str2) {
+      if (!str1) return str2?-1:0;
+      const unsigned int
+        l1 = (unsigned int)std::strlen(str1),
+        l2 = (unsigned int)std::strlen(str2);
+      return cimg::strncasecmp(str1,str2,1+(l1<l2?l1:l2));
+    }
+
+    //! Remove delimiters on the start and/or end of a C-string.
+    /**
+       \param[in,out] str C-string to work with (modified at output).
+       \param delimiter Delimiter character code to remove.
+       \param is_symmetric Tells if the removal is done only if delimiters are symmetric
+       (both at the beginning and the end of \c s).
+       \param is_iterative Tells if the removal is done if several iterations are possible.
+       \return \c true if delimiters have been removed, \c false otherwise.
+   **/
+    inline bool strpare(char *const str, const char delimiter=' ',
+                        const bool is_symmetric=false, const bool is_iterative=false) {
+      if (!str) return false;
+      const int l = (int)std::strlen(str);
+      int p, q;
+      if (is_symmetric) for (p = 0, q = l-1; p<q && str[p]==delimiter && str[q]==delimiter; ) {
+          --q; ++p; if (!is_iterative) break;
+        } else {
+        for (p = 0; p<l && str[p]==delimiter; ) { ++p; if (!is_iterative) break; }
+        for (q = l-1; q>p && str[q]==delimiter; ) { --q; if (!is_iterative) break; }
+      }
+      const int n = q - p + 1;
+      if (n!=l) { std::memmove(str,str+p,n); str[n] = 0; return true; }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    //! Replace escape sequences in C-strings by their binary ascii values.
+    /**
+       \param[in,out] str C-string to work with (modified at output).
+     **/
+    inline void strunescape(char *const str) {
+#define cimg_strunescape(ci,co) case ci: *nd = co; ++ns; break;
+      unsigned int val = 0;
+      for (char *ns = str, *nd = str; *ns || (bool)(*nd=0); ++nd) if (*ns=='\\') switch (*(++ns)) {
+            cimg_strunescape('n','\n');
+            cimg_strunescape('t','\t');
+            cimg_strunescape('v','\v');
+            cimg_strunescape('b','\b');
+            cimg_strunescape('r','\r');
+            cimg_strunescape('f','\f');
+            cimg_strunescape('a','\a');
+            cimg_strunescape('\\','\\');
+            cimg_strunescape('\?','\?');
+            cimg_strunescape('\'','\'');
+            cimg_strunescape('\"','\"');
+          case 0 : *nd = 0; break;
+          case '0' : case '1' : case '2' : case '3' : case '4' : case '5' : case '6' : case '7' :
+            std::sscanf(ns,"%o",&val); while (*ns>='0' && *ns<='7') ++ns;
+            *nd = val; break;
+          case 'x':
+            std::sscanf(++ns,"%x",&val);
+            while ((*ns>='0' && *ns<='7') || (*ns>='a' && *ns<='f') || (*ns>='A' && *ns<='F')) ++ns;
+            *nd = val; break;
+          default : *nd = *(ns++);
+          } else *nd = *(ns++);
+    }
+
+    // Return a temporary string describing the size of a memory buffer.
+    inline const char *strbuffersize(const unsigned long size) {
+      static char res[256] = { 0 };
+      cimg::mutex(5);
+      if (size<1024LU) cimg_snprintf(res,sizeof(res),"%lu byte%s",size,size>1?"s":"");
+      else if (size<1024*1024LU) { const float nsize = size/1024.0f; cimg_snprintf(res,sizeof(res),"%.1f Kio",nsize); }
+      else if (size<1024*1024*1024LU) {
+        const float nsize = size/(1024*1024.0f); cimg_snprintf(res,sizeof(res),"%.1f Mio",nsize);
+      } else { const float nsize = size/(1024*1024*1024.0f); cimg_snprintf(res,sizeof(res),"%.1f Gio",nsize); }
+      cimg::mutex(5,0);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    // Return string that identifies the running OS.
+    inline const char *stros() {
+#if defined(linux) || defined(__linux) || defined(__linux__)
+      const char *const str = "Linux";
+#elif defined(sun) || defined(__sun)
+      const char *const str = "Sun OS";
+#elif defined(BSD) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined (__DragonFly__)
+      const char *const str = "BSD";
+#elif defined(sgi) || defined(__sgi)
+      const char *const str = "Irix";
+#elif defined(__MACOSX__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+      const char *const str = "Mac OS";
+#elif defined(unix) || defined(__unix) || defined(__unix__)
+      const char *const str = "Generic Unix";
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(WIN32)  || defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) || \
+  defined(WIN64) || defined(_WIN64) || defined(__WIN64__)
+      const char *const str = "Windows";
+#else
+      const char
+        *const _str1 = std::getenv("OSTYPE"),
+        *const _str2 = _str1?_str1:std::getenv("OS"),
+        *const str = _str2?_str2:"Unknown OS";
+#endif
+      return str;
+    }
+
+    //! Return the basename of a filename.
+    inline const char* basename(const char *const str)  {
+      const char *p = 0;
+      for (const char *np = str; np>=str && (p=np); np = std::strchr(np,cimg_file_separator)+1) {}
+      return p;
+    }
+
+    // Return a random filename.
+    inline const char* filenamerand() {
+      cimg::mutex(6);
+      static char randomid[9] = { 0 };
+      cimg::srand();
+      for (unsigned int k = 0; k<8; ++k) {
+        const int v = (int)std::rand()%3;
+        randomid[k] = (char)(v==0?('0'+(std::rand()%10)):(v==1?('a'+(std::rand()%26)):('A'+(std::rand()%26))));
+      }
+      cimg::mutex(6,0);
+      return randomid;
+    }
+
+    // Convert filename as a Windows-style filename (short path name).
+    inline void winformat_string(char *const str) {
+      if (str && *str) {
+#if cimg_OS==2
+        char *const nstr = new char[MAX_PATH];
+        if (GetShortPathNameA(str,nstr,MAX_PATH)) std::strcpy(str,nstr);
+#endif
+      }
+    }
+
+    //! Open a file.
+    /**
+       \param path Path of the filename to open.
+       \param mode C-string describing the opening mode.
+       \return Opened file.
+       \note Same as <tt>std::fopen()</tt> but throw a \c CImgIOException when
+       the specified file cannot be opened, instead of returning \c 0.
+    **/
+    inline std::FILE *fopen(const char *const path, const char *const mode) {
+      if (!path)
+        throw CImgArgumentException("cimg::fopen(): Specified file path is (null).");
+      if (!mode)
+        throw CImgArgumentException("cimg::fopen(): File '%s', specified mode is (null).",
+                                    path);
+      std::FILE *res = 0;
+      if (*path=='-' && (!path[1] || path[1]=='.')) {
+        res = (*mode=='r')?stdin:stdout;
+#if cimg_OS==2
+        if (*mode && mode[1]=='b') { // Force stdin/stdout to be in binary mode.
+          if (_setmode(_fileno(res),0x8000)==-1) res = 0;
+        }
+#endif
+      } else res = std::fopen(path,mode);
+      if (!res) throw CImgIOException("cimg::fopen(): Failed to open file '%s' with mode '%s'.",
+                                      path,mode);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Close a file.
+    /**
+       \param file File to close.
+       \return \c 0 if file has been closed properly, something else otherwise.
+       \note Same as <tt>std::fclose()</tt> but display a warning message if
+       the file has not been closed properly.
+    **/
+    inline int fclose(std::FILE *file) {
+      if (!file) warn("cimg::fclose(): Specified file is (null).");
+      if (!file || file==stdin || file==stdout) return 0;
+      const int errn = std::fclose(file);
+      if (errn!=0) warn("cimg::fclose(): Error code %d returned during file closing.",
+                        errn);
+      return errn;
+    }
+
+    //! Check if a path is a directory
+    /**
+       \param path Specified path to test.
+    **/
+    inline bool is_directory(const char *const path) {
+      if (!path || !*path) return false;
+#if cimg_OS==1
+      struct stat st_buf;
+      if (!stat(path,&st_buf) && S_ISDIR(st_buf.st_mode)) return true;
+#elif cimg_OS==2
+      if (GetFileAttributes(path)&16) return true;
+#endif
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    //! Get/set path to store temporary files.
+    /**
+       \param user_path Specified path, or \c 0 to get the path currently used.
+       \param reinit_path Force path to be recalculated (may take some time).
+       \return Path where temporary files can be saved.
+    **/
+    inline const char* temporary_path(const char *const user_path=0, const bool reinit_path=false) {
+#define _cimg_test_temporary_path(p) \
+      if (!path_found) { \
+        cimg_snprintf(s_path,1024,"%s",p); \
+        cimg_snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"%s%c%s",s_path,cimg_file_separator,filetmp); \
+        if ((file=std::fopen(tmp,"wb"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); std::remove(tmp); path_found = true; } \
+      }
+      static char *s_path = 0;
+      cimg::mutex(7);
+      if (reinit_path) { delete[] s_path; s_path = 0; }
+      if (user_path) {
+        if (!s_path) s_path = new char[1024];
+        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
+        std::strncpy(s_path,user_path,1023);
+      } else if (!s_path) {
+        s_path = new char[1024];
+        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
+        bool path_found = false;
+        char tmp[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 };
+        std::FILE *file = 0;
+        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s.tmp",cimg::filenamerand());
+        char *tmpPath = std::getenv("TMP");
+        if (!tmpPath) { tmpPath = std::getenv("TEMP"); winformat_string(tmpPath); }
+        if (tmpPath) _cimg_test_temporary_path(tmpPath);
+#if cimg_OS==2
+        _cimg_test_temporary_path("C:\\WINNT\\Temp");
+        _cimg_test_temporary_path("C:\\WINDOWS\\Temp");
+        _cimg_test_temporary_path("C:\\Temp");
+        _cimg_test_temporary_path("C:");
+        _cimg_test_temporary_path("D:\\WINNT\\Temp");
+        _cimg_test_temporary_path("D:\\WINDOWS\\Temp");
+        _cimg_test_temporary_path("D:\\Temp");
+        _cimg_test_temporary_path("D:");
+#else
+        _cimg_test_temporary_path("/tmp");
+        _cimg_test_temporary_path("/var/tmp");
+#endif
+        if (!path_found) {
+          *s_path = 0;
+          std::strncpy(tmp,filetmp,sizeof(tmp)-1);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(tmp,"wb"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); std::remove(tmp); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        if (!path_found) {
+          cimg::mutex(7,0);
+          throw CImgIOException("cimg::temporary_path(): Failed to locate path for writing temporary files.\n");
+        }
+      }
+      cimg::mutex(7,0);
+      return s_path;
+    }
+
+    //! Get/set path to the <i>Program Files/</i> directory (Windows only).
+    /**
+       \param user_path Specified path, or \c 0 to get the path currently used.
+       \param reinit_path Force path to be recalculated (may take some time).
+       \return Path containing the program files.
+    **/
+#if cimg_OS==2
+    inline const char* programfiles_path(const char *const user_path=0, const bool reinit_path=false) {
+      static char *s_path = 0;
+      cimg::mutex(7);
+      if (reinit_path) { delete[] s_path; s_path = 0; }
+      if (user_path) {
+        if (!s_path) s_path = new char[1024];
+        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
+        std::strncpy(s_path,user_path,1023);
+      } else if (!s_path) {
+        s_path = new char[MAX_PATH];
+        std::memset(s_path,0,MAX_PATH);
+        // Note: in the following line, 0x26 = CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES (not defined on every compiler).
+#if !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+        if (!SHGetSpecialFolderPathA(0,s_path,0x0026,false)) {
+          const char *const pfPath = std::getenv("PROGRAMFILES");
+          if (pfPath) std::strncpy(s_path,pfPath,MAX_PATH-1);
+          else std::strcpy(s_path,"C:\\PROGRA~1");
+        }
+#else
+        std::strcpy(s_path,"C:\\PROGRA~1");
+#endif
+      }
+      cimg::mutex(7,0);
+      return s_path;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Get/set path to the ImageMagick's \c convert binary.
+    /**
+       \param user_path Specified path, or \c 0 to get the path currently used.
+       \param reinit_path Force path to be recalculated (may take some time).
+       \return Path containing the \c convert binary.
+    **/
+    inline const char* imagemagick_path(const char *const user_path=0, const bool reinit_path=false) {
+      static char *s_path = 0;
+      cimg::mutex(7);
+      if (reinit_path) { delete[] s_path; s_path = 0; }
+      if (user_path) {
+        if (!s_path) s_path = new char[1024];
+        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
+        std::strncpy(s_path,user_path,1023);
+      } else if (!s_path) {
+        s_path = new char[1024];
+        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
+        bool path_found = false;
+        std::FILE *file = 0;
+#if cimg_OS==2
+        const char *const pf_path = programfiles_path();
+        if (!path_found) {
+          std::strcpy(s_path,".\\convert.exe");
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\IMAGEM~1.%.2d-\\convert.exe",pf_path,k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\IMAGEM~1.%d-Q\\convert.exe",pf_path,k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\IMAGEM~1.%d\\convert.exe",pf_path,k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\IMAGEM~1.%.2d-\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\convert.exe",pf_path,k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\IMAGEM~1.%d-Q\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\convert.exe",pf_path,k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\IMAGEM~1.%d\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\convert.exe",pf_path,k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\IMAGEM~1.%.2d-\\convert.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\IMAGEM~1.%d-Q\\convert.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\IMAGEM~1.%d\\convert.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\IMAGEM~1.%.2d-\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\convert.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\IMAGEM~1.%d-Q\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\convert.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\IMAGEM~1.%d\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\convert.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\IMAGEM~1.%.2d-\\convert.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\IMAGEM~1.%d-Q\\convert.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\IMAGEM~1.%d\\convert.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\IMAGEM~1.%.2d-\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\convert.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\IMAGEM~1.%d-Q\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\convert.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\IMAGEM~1.%d\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\convert.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"convert.exe");
+#else
+        if (!path_found) {
+          std::strcpy(s_path,"./convert");
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"convert");
+#endif
+        winformat_string(s_path);
+      }
+      cimg::mutex(7,0);
+      return s_path;
+    }
+
+    //! Get/set path to the GraphicsMagick's \c gm binary.
+    /**
+       \param user_path Specified path, or \c 0 to get the path currently used.
+       \param reinit_path Force path to be recalculated (may take some time).
+       \return Path containing the \c gm binary.
+    **/
+    inline const char* graphicsmagick_path(const char *const user_path=0, const bool reinit_path=false) {
+      static char *s_path = 0;
+      cimg::mutex(7);
+      if (reinit_path) { delete[] s_path; s_path = 0; }
+      if (user_path) {
+        if (!s_path) s_path = new char[1024];
+        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
+        std::strncpy(s_path,user_path,1023);
+      } else if (!s_path) {
+        s_path = new char[1024];
+        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
+        bool path_found = false;
+        std::FILE *file = 0;
+#if cimg_OS==2
+        const char *const pf_path = programfiles_path();
+        if (!path_found) {
+          std::strcpy(s_path,".\\gm.exe");
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\GRAPHI~1.%.2d-\\gm.exe",pf_path,k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\GRAPHI~1.%d-Q\\gm.exe",pf_path,k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\GRAPHI~1.%d\\gm.exe",pf_path,k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\GRAPHI~1.%.2d-\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\gm.exe",pf_path,k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\GRAPHI~1.%d-Q\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\gm.exe",pf_path,k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\GRAPHI~1.%d\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\gm.exe",pf_path,k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\GRAPHI~1.%.2d-\\gm.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\GRAPHI~1.%d-Q\\gm.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\GRAPHI~1.%d\\gm.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\GRAPHI~1.%.2d-\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\gm.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\GRAPHI~1.%d-Q\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\gm.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"C:\\GRAPHI~1.%d\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\gm.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\GRAPHI~1.%.2d-\\gm.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\GRAPHI~1.%d-Q\\gm.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\GRAPHI~1.%d\\gm.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=10 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\GRAPHI~1.%.2d-\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\gm.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 9; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\GRAPHI~1.%d-Q\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\gm.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        for (int k = 32; k>=0 && !path_found; --k) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"D:\\GRAPHI~1.%d\\VISUA~1\\BIN\\gm.exe",k);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"gm.exe");
+#else
+        if (!path_found) {
+          std::strcpy(s_path,"./gm");
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"gm");
+#endif
+        winformat_string(s_path);
+      }
+      cimg::mutex(7,0);
+      return s_path;
+    }
+
+    //! Get/set path to the XMedcon's \c medcon binary.
+    /**
+       \param user_path Specified path, or \c 0 to get the path currently used.
+       \param reinit_path Force path to be recalculated (may take some time).
+       \return Path containing the \c medcon binary.
+    **/
+    inline const char* medcon_path(const char *const user_path=0, const bool reinit_path=false) {
+      static char *s_path = 0;
+      cimg::mutex(7);
+      if (reinit_path) { delete[] s_path; s_path = 0; }
+      if (user_path) {
+        if (!s_path) s_path = new char[1024];
+        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
+        std::strncpy(s_path,user_path,1023);
+      } else if (!s_path) {
+        s_path = new char[1024];
+        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
+        bool path_found = false;
+        std::FILE *file = 0;
+#if cimg_OS==2
+        const char *const pf_path = programfiles_path();
+        if (!path_found) {
+          std::strcpy(s_path,".\\medcon.exe");
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        if (!path_found) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\XMedCon\\bin\\medcon.bat",pf_path);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        if (!path_found) {
+          cimg_snprintf(s_path,sizeof(s_path),"%s\\XMedCon\\bin\\medcon.exe",pf_path);
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        if (!path_found) {
+          std::strcpy(s_path,"C:\\XMedCon\\bin\\medcon.exe");
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"medcon.exe");
+#else
+        if (!path_found) {
+          std::strcpy(s_path,"./medcon");
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"medcon");
+#endif
+        winformat_string(s_path);
+      }
+      cimg::mutex(7,0);
+      return s_path;
+    }
+
+    //! Get/set path to the FFMPEG's \c ffmpeg binary.
+    /**
+       \param user_path Specified path, or \c 0 to get the path currently used.
+       \param reinit_path Force path to be recalculated (may take some time).
+       \return Path containing the \c ffmpeg binary.
+    **/
+    inline const char *ffmpeg_path(const char *const user_path=0, const bool reinit_path=false) {
+      static char *s_path = 0;
+      cimg::mutex(7);
+      if (reinit_path) { delete[] s_path; s_path = 0; }
+      if (user_path) {
+        if (!s_path) s_path = new char[1024];
+        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
+        std::strncpy(s_path,user_path,1023);
+      } else if (!s_path) {
+        s_path = new char[1024];
+        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
+        bool path_found = false;
+        std::FILE *file = 0;
+#if cimg_OS==2
+        if (!path_found) {
+          std::strcpy(s_path,".\\ffmpeg.exe");
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"ffmpeg.exe");
+#else
+        if (!path_found) {
+          std::strcpy(s_path,"./ffmpeg");
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"ffmpeg");
+#endif
+        winformat_string(s_path);
+      }
+      cimg::mutex(7,0);
+      return s_path;
+    }
+
+    //! Get/set path to the \c gzip binary.
+    /**
+       \param user_path Specified path, or \c 0 to get the path currently used.
+       \param reinit_path Force path to be recalculated (may take some time).
+       \return Path containing the \c gzip binary.
+    **/
+    inline const char *gzip_path(const char *const user_path=0, const bool reinit_path=false) {
+      static char *s_path = 0;
+      cimg::mutex(7);
+      if (reinit_path) { delete[] s_path; s_path = 0; }
+      if (user_path) {
+        if (!s_path) s_path = new char[1024];
+        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
+        std::strncpy(s_path,user_path,1023);
+      } else if (!s_path) {
+        s_path = new char[1024];
+        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
+        bool path_found = false;
+        std::FILE *file = 0;
+#if cimg_OS==2
+        if (!path_found) {
+          std::strcpy(s_path,".\\gzip.exe");
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"gzip.exe");
+#else
+        if (!path_found) {
+          std::strcpy(s_path,"./gzip");
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"gzip");
+#endif
+        winformat_string(s_path);
+      }
+      cimg::mutex(7,0);
+      return s_path;
+    }
+
+    //! Get/set path to the \c gzip binary.
+    /**
+       \param user_path Specified path, or \c 0 to get the path currently used.
+       \param reinit_path Force path to be recalculated (may take some time).
+       \return Path containing the \c gunzip binary.
+    **/
+    inline const char *gunzip_path(const char *const user_path=0, const bool reinit_path=false) {
+      static char *s_path = 0;
+      cimg::mutex(7);
+      if (reinit_path) { delete[] s_path; s_path = 0; }
+      if (user_path) {
+        if (!s_path) s_path = new char[1024];
+        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
+        std::strncpy(s_path,user_path,1023);
+      } else if (!s_path) {
+        s_path = new char[1024];
+        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
+        bool path_found = false;
+        std::FILE *file = 0;
+#if cimg_OS==2
+        if (!path_found) {
+          std::strcpy(s_path,".\\gunzip.exe");
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"gunzip.exe");
+#else
+        if (!path_found) {
+          std::strcpy(s_path,"./gunzip");
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"gunzip");
+#endif
+        winformat_string(s_path);
+      }
+      cimg::mutex(7,0);
+      return s_path;
+    }
+
+    //! Get/set path to the \c dcraw binary.
+    /**
+       \param user_path Specified path, or \c 0 to get the path currently used.
+       \param reinit_path Force path to be recalculated (may take some time).
+       \return Path containing the \c dcraw binary.
+    **/
+    inline const char *dcraw_path(const char *const user_path=0, const bool reinit_path=false) {
+      static char *s_path = 0;
+      cimg::mutex(7);
+      if (reinit_path) { delete[] s_path; s_path = 0; }
+      if (user_path) {
+        if (!s_path) s_path = new char[1024];
+        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
+        std::strncpy(s_path,user_path,1023);
+      } else if (!s_path) {
+        s_path = new char[1024];
+        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
+        bool path_found = false;
+        std::FILE *file = 0;
+#if cimg_OS==2
+        if (!path_found) {
+          std::strcpy(s_path,".\\dcraw.exe");
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"dcraw.exe");
+#else
+        if (!path_found) {
+          std::strcpy(s_path,"./dcraw");
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"dcraw");
+#endif
+        winformat_string(s_path);
+      }
+      cimg::mutex(7,0);
+      return s_path;
+    }
+
+    //! Get/set path to the \c wget binary.
+    /**
+       \param user_path Specified path, or \c 0 to get the path currently used.
+       \param reinit_path Force path to be recalculated (may take some time).
+       \return Path containing the \c wget binary.
+    **/
+    inline const char *wget_path(const char *const user_path=0, const bool reinit_path=false) {
+      static char *s_path = 0;
+      cimg::mutex(7);
+      if (reinit_path) { delete[] s_path; s_path = 0; }
+      if (user_path) {
+        if (!s_path) s_path = new char[1024];
+        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
+        std::strncpy(s_path,user_path,1023);
+      } else if (!s_path) {
+        s_path = new char[1024];
+        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
+        bool path_found = false;
+        std::FILE *file = 0;
+#if cimg_OS==2
+        if (!path_found) {
+          std::strcpy(s_path,".\\wget.exe");
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"wget.exe");
+#else
+        if (!path_found) {
+          std::strcpy(s_path,"./wget");
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"wget");
+#endif
+        winformat_string(s_path);
+      }
+      cimg::mutex(7,0);
+      return s_path;
+    }
+
+    //! Get/set path to the \c curl binary.
+    /**
+       \param user_path Specified path, or \c 0 to get the path currently used.
+       \param reinit_path Force path to be recalculated (may take some time).
+       \return Path containing the \c curl binary.
+    **/
+    inline const char *curl_path(const char *const user_path=0, const bool reinit_path=false) {
+      static char *s_path = 0;
+      cimg::mutex(7);
+      if (reinit_path) { delete[] s_path; s_path = 0; }
+      if (user_path) {
+        if (!s_path) s_path = new char[1024];
+        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
+        std::strncpy(s_path,user_path,1023);
+      } else if (!s_path) {
+        s_path = new char[1024];
+        std::memset(s_path,0,1024);
+        bool path_found = false;
+        std::FILE *file = 0;
+#if cimg_OS==2
+        if (!path_found) {
+          std::strcpy(s_path,".\\curl.exe");
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"curl.exe");
+#else
+        if (!path_found) {
+          std::strcpy(s_path,"./curl");
+          if ((file=std::fopen(s_path,"r"))!=0) { cimg::fclose(file); path_found = true; }
+        }
+        if (!path_found) std::strcpy(s_path,"curl");
+#endif
+        winformat_string(s_path);
+      }
+      cimg::mutex(7,0);
+      return s_path;
+    }
+
+    //! Split filename into two C-strings \c body and \c extension.
+    inline const char *split_filename(const char *const filename, char *const body=0) {
+      if (!filename) { if (body) *body = 0; return 0; }
+      const char *p = 0; for (const char *np = filename; np>=filename && (p=np); np = std::strchr(np,'.')+1) {}
+      if (p==filename) {
+        if (body) std::strcpy(body,filename);
+        return filename + std::strlen(filename);
+      }
+      const unsigned int l = (unsigned int)(p - filename - 1);
+      if (body) { std::memcpy(body,filename,l); body[l] = 0; }
+      return p;
+    }
+
+    //! Generate a numbered version of a filename.
+    inline char* number_filename(const char *const filename, const int number,
+                                 const unsigned int digits, char *const str) {
+      if (!filename) { if (str) *str = 0; return 0; }
+      char format[1024] = { 0 }, body[1024] = { 0 };
+      const char *const ext = cimg::split_filename(filename,body);
+      if (*ext) cimg_snprintf(format,sizeof(format),"%%s_%%.%ud.%%s",digits);
+      else cimg_snprintf(format,sizeof(format),"%%s_%%.%ud",digits);
+      std::sprintf(str,format,body,number,ext);
+      return str;
+    }
+
+    //! Try to guess format from an image file.
+    /**
+       \param file Input file (can be \c 0 if \c filename is set).
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string (can be \c 0 if \c file is set).
+       \return C-string containing the guessed file format, or \c 0 if nothing has been guessed.
+     **/
+    inline const char *file_type(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException("cimg::file_type(): Specified filename is (null).");
+      static const char
+        *const _pnm = "pnm",
+        *const _pfm = "pfm",
+        *const _bmp = "bmp",
+        *const _gif = "gif",
+        *const _jpg = "jpg",
+        *const _off = "off",
+        *const _pan = "pan",
+        *const _png = "png",
+        *const _tif = "tif",
+        *const _inr = "inr",
+        *const _dcm = "dcm";
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
+      const char *f_type = 0, *head;
+      char header[2048] = { 0 }, item[1024] = { 0 };
+      const unsigned char *const uheader = (unsigned char*)header;
+      int err; char cerr;
+      const unsigned int siz = (unsigned int)std::fread(header,2048,1,nfile);   // Read first 2048 bytes.
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+
+      if (!std::strncmp(header,"OFF\n",4)) f_type = _off; // OFF.
+      else if (!std::strncmp(header,"#INRIMAGE",9)) f_type = _inr; // INRIMAGE.
+      else if (!std::strncmp(header,"PANDORE",7)) f_type = _pan; // PANDORE.
+      else if (!std::strncmp(header+128,"DICM",4)) f_type = _dcm; // DICOM.
+      else if (uheader[0]==0xFF && uheader[1]==0xD8 && uheader[2]==0xFF) f_type = _jpg;  // JPEG.
+      else if (header[0]=='B' && header[1]=='M') f_type = _bmp;  // BMP.
+      else if (header[0]=='G' && header[1]=='I' && header[2]=='F' && header[3]=='8' && header[5]=='a' && // GIF.
+               (header[4]=='7' || header[4]=='9')) f_type = _gif;
+      else if (uheader[0]==0x89 && uheader[1]==0x50 && uheader[2]==0x4E && uheader[3]==0x47 &&  // PNG.
+               uheader[4]==0x0D && uheader[5]==0x0A && uheader[6]==0x1A && uheader[7]==0x0A) f_type = _png;
+      else if ((uheader[0]==0x49 && uheader[1]==0x49) || (uheader[0]==0x4D && uheader[1]==0x4D)) f_type = _tif; // TIFF.
+      else { // PNM or PFM.
+        head = header;
+        while (head<header+siz && (err=std::sscanf(head,"%1023[^\n]",item))!=EOF && (*item=='#' || !err))
+          head+=1+(err?std::strlen(item):0);
+        if (std::sscanf(item," P%d",&err)==1) f_type = _pnm;
+        else if (std::sscanf(item," P%c",&cerr)==1 && (cerr=='f' || cerr=='F')) f_type = _pfm;
+      }
+      return f_type;
+    }
+
+    //! Read data from file.
+    /**
+       \param[out] ptr Pointer to memory buffer that will contain the binary data read from file.
+       \param nmemb Number of elements to read.
+       \param stream File to read data from.
+       \return Number of read elements.
+       \note Same as <tt>std::fread()</tt> but may display warning message if all elements could not be read.
+    **/
+    template<typename T>
+    inline int fread(T *const ptr, const unsigned long nmemb, std::FILE *stream) {
+      if (!ptr || nmemb<=0 || !stream)
+        throw CImgArgumentException("cimg::fread(): Invalid reading request of %u %s%s from file %p to buffer %p.",
+                                    nmemb,cimg::type<T>::string(),nmemb>1?"s":"",stream,ptr);
+
+      const unsigned long wlimitT = 63*1024*1024, wlimit = wlimitT/sizeof(T);
+      unsigned long to_read = nmemb, al_read = 0, l_to_read = 0, l_al_read = 0;
+      do {
+        l_to_read = (to_read*sizeof(T))<wlimitT?to_read:wlimit;
+        l_al_read = (unsigned long)std::fread((void*)(ptr+al_read),sizeof(T),l_to_read,stream);
+        al_read+=l_al_read;
+        to_read-=l_al_read;
+      } while (l_to_read==l_al_read && to_read>0);
+      if (to_read>0)
+        warn("cimg::fread(): Only %u/%u elements could be read from file.",
+             al_read,nmemb);
+      return al_read;
+    }
+
+    //! Write data to file.
+    /**
+       \param ptr Pointer to memory buffer containing the binary data to write on file.
+       \param nmemb Number of elements to write.
+       \param[out] stream File to write data on.
+       \return Number of written elements.
+       \note Similar to <tt>std::fwrite</tt> but may display warning messages if all elements could not be written.
+    **/
+    template<typename T>
+    inline int fwrite(const T *ptr, const unsigned long nmemb, std::FILE *stream) {
+      if (!ptr || !stream)
+        throw CImgArgumentException("cimg::fwrite(): Invalid writing request of %u %s%s from buffer %p to file %p.",
+                                    nmemb,cimg::type<T>::string(),nmemb>1?"s":"",ptr,stream);
+      if (nmemb<=0) return 0;
+      const unsigned long wlimitT = 63*1024*1024, wlimit = wlimitT/sizeof(T);
+      unsigned long to_write = nmemb, al_write = 0, l_to_write = 0, l_al_write = 0;
+      do {
+        l_to_write = (to_write*sizeof(T))<wlimitT?to_write:wlimit;
+        l_al_write = (unsigned long)std::fwrite((void*)(ptr+al_write),sizeof(T),l_to_write,stream);
+        al_write+=l_al_write;
+        to_write-=l_al_write;
+      } while (l_to_write==l_al_write && to_write>0);
+      if (to_write>0)
+        warn("cimg::fwrite(): Only %u/%u elements could be written in file.",
+             al_write,nmemb);
+      return al_write;
+    }
+
+    //! Create an empty file.
+    /**
+       \param file Input file (can be \c 0 if \c filename is set).
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string (can be \c 0 if \c file is set).
+    **/
+    inline void fempty(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException("cimg::file_type(): Specified filename is (null).");
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+    }
+
+    //! Load file from network as a local temporary file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \param[out] filename_local C-string containing the path to a local copy of \c filename.
+       \return Value of \c filename_local.
+       \note Use external binaries \c wget or \c curl to perform. You must have one of these tools installed
+       to be able to use this function.
+    **/
+    inline char *load_network_external(const char *const filename, char *const filename_local) {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException("cimg::load_network_external(): Specified filename is (null).");
+      if (!filename_local)
+        throw CImgArgumentException("cimg::load_network_external(): Specified destination string is (null).");
+      const char *const _ext = cimg::split_filename(filename), *const ext = (*_ext && _ext>filename)?_ext-1:_ext;
+      char command[1024] = { 0 };
+      std::FILE *file = 0;
+      *filename_local = 0;
+      do {
+        cimg_snprintf(filename_local,512,"%s%c%s%s",
+                      cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand(),ext);
+        if ((file=std::fopen(filename_local,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+      } while (file);
+
+      // Try with 'curl' first.
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -f --silent --compressed -o \"%s\" \"%s\"",
+                    cimg::curl_path(),filename_local,filename);
+      cimg::system(command);
+      if (!(file = std::fopen(filename_local,"rb"))) {
+
+        // Try with 'wget' else.
+        cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -q -r -l 0 --no-cache -O \"%s\" \"%s\"",
+                      cimg::wget_path(),filename_local,filename);
+        cimg::system(command);
+        if (!(file = std::fopen(filename_local,"rb")))
+          throw CImgIOException("cimg::load_network_external(): Failed to load file '%s' with external commands "
+                                "'wget' or 'curl'.",filename);
+        cimg::fclose(file);
+
+        // Try gunzip it.
+        cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s.gz",filename_local);
+        std::rename(filename_local,command);
+        cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s --quiet \"%s.gz\"",
+                      gunzip_path(),filename_local);
+        cimg::system(command);
+        file = std::fopen(filename_local,"rb");
+        if (!file) {
+          cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s.gz",filename_local);
+          std::rename(command,filename_local);
+          file = std::fopen(filename_local,"rb");
+        }
+      }
+      std::fseek(file,0,SEEK_END); // Check if file size is 0.
+      if (std::ftell(file)<=0)
+        throw CImgIOException("cimg::load_network_external(): Failed to load file '%s' with external commands "
+                              "'wget' or 'curl'.",filename);
+      cimg::fclose(file);
+      return filename_local;
+    }
+
+    //! Return options specified on the command line.
+    inline const char* option(const char *const name, const int argc, const char *const *const argv,
+                              const char *const defaut, const char *const usage, const bool reset_static) {
+      static bool first = true, visu = false;
+      if (reset_static) { first = true; return 0; }
+      const char *res = 0;
+      if (first) {
+        first = false;
+        visu = cimg::option("-h",argc,argv,(char*)0,(char*)0,false)!=0;
+        visu |= cimg::option("-help",argc,argv,(char*)0,(char*)0,false)!=0;
+        visu |= cimg::option("--help",argc,argv,(char*)0,(char*)0,false)!=0;
+      }
+      if (!name && visu) {
+        if (usage) {
+          std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"\n %s%s%s",cimg::t_red,cimg::basename(argv[0]),cimg::t_normal);
+          std::fprintf(cimg::output(),": %s",usage);
+          std::fprintf(cimg::output()," (%s, %s)\n\n",__DATE__,__TIME__);
+        }
+        if (defaut) std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"%s\n",defaut);
+      }
+      if (name) {
+        if (argc>0) {
+          int k = 0;
+          while (k<argc && std::strcmp(argv[k],name)) ++k;
+          res = (k++==argc?defaut:(k==argc?argv[--k]:argv[k]));
+        } else res = defaut;
+        if (visu && usage) std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"    %s%-16s%s %-24s %s%s%s\n",
+                                        cimg::t_bold,name,cimg::t_normal,res?res:"0",
+                                        cimg::t_green,usage,cimg::t_normal);
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    inline const char* option(const char *const name, const int argc, const char *const *const argv,
+                              const char *const defaut, const char *const usage=0) {
+      return option(name,argc,argv,defaut,usage,false);
+    }
+
+    inline bool option(const char *const name, const int argc, const char *const *const argv,
+                       const bool defaut, const char *const usage=0) {
+      const char *const s = cimg::option(name,argc,argv,(char*)0);
+      const bool res = s?(cimg::strcasecmp(s,"false") && cimg::strcasecmp(s,"off") && cimg::strcasecmp(s,"0")):defaut;
+      cimg::option(name,0,0,res?"true":"false",usage);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    inline int option(const char *const name, const int argc, const char *const *const argv,
+                      const int defaut, const char *const usage=0) {
+      const char *const s = cimg::option(name,argc,argv,(char*)0);
+      const int res = s?std::atoi(s):defaut;
+      char tmp[256] = { 0 };
+      cimg_snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"%d",res);
+      cimg::option(name,0,0,tmp,usage);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    inline char option(const char *const name, const int argc, const char *const *const argv,
+                       const char defaut, const char *const usage=0) {
+      const char *const s = cimg::option(name,argc,argv,(char*)0);
+      const char res = s?*s:defaut;
+      char tmp[8] = { 0 };
+      *tmp = res;
+      cimg::option(name,0,0,tmp,usage);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    inline float option(const char *const name, const int argc, const char *const *const argv,
+                        const float defaut, const char *const usage=0) {
+      const char *const s = cimg::option(name,argc,argv,(char*)0);
+      const float res = s?(float)cimg::atof(s):defaut;
+      char tmp[256] = { 0 };
+      cimg_snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"%g",res);
+      cimg::option(name,0,0,tmp,usage);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    inline double option(const char *const name, const int argc, const char *const *const argv,
+                         const double defaut, const char *const usage=0) {
+      const char *const s = cimg::option(name,argc,argv,(char*)0);
+      const double res = s?cimg::atof(s):defaut;
+      char tmp[256] = { 0 };
+      cimg_snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"%g",res);
+      cimg::option(name,0,0,tmp,usage);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    inline const char* argument(const unsigned int nb, const int argc, const char *const *const argv,
+                                const unsigned int nb_singles=0, ...) {
+      for (int k = 1, pos = 0; k<argc;) {
+        const char *const item = argv[k];
+        bool option = (*item=='-'), single_option = false;
+        if (option) {
+          va_list ap;
+          va_start(ap,nb_singles);
+          for (unsigned int i = 0; i<nb_singles; ++i) if (!cimg::strcasecmp(item,va_arg(ap,char*))) {
+              single_option = true; break;
+            }
+          va_end(ap);
+        }
+        if (option) { ++k; if (!single_option) ++k; }
+        else { if (pos++==(int)nb) return item; else ++k; }
+      }
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    //! Print informations about \CImg environement variables.
+    /**
+       \note Output is done on the default output stream.
+    **/
+    inline void info() {
+      char tmp[1024] = { 0 };
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"\n %s%sCImg Library %u.%u.%u%s, compiled %s ( %s ) with the following flags:\n\n",
+                   cimg::t_red,cimg::t_bold,cimg_version/100,(cimg_version/10)%10,cimg_version%10,
+                   cimg::t_normal,__DATE__,__TIME__);
+
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Operating System:       %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_OS'=%d)%s\n",
+                   cimg::t_bold,
+                   cimg_OS==1?"Unix":(cimg_OS==2?"Windows":"Unknow"),
+                   cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,
+                   cimg_OS,
+                   cimg::t_normal);
+
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > CPU endianness:         %s%s Endian%s\n",
+                   cimg::t_bold,
+                   cimg::endianness()?"Big":"Little",
+                   cimg::t_normal);
+
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Verbosity mode:         %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_verbosity'=%d)%s\n",
+                   cimg::t_bold,
+                   cimg_verbosity==0?"Quiet":
+                   cimg_verbosity==1?"Console":
+                   cimg_verbosity==2?"Dialog":
+                   cimg_verbosity==3?"Console+Warnings":"Dialog+Warnings",
+                   cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,
+                   cimg_verbosity,
+                   cimg::t_normal);
+
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Stricts warnings:       %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_strict_warnings' %s)%s\n",
+                   cimg::t_bold,
+#ifdef cimg_strict_warnings
+                   "Yes",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"defined",
+#else
+                   "No",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"undefined",
+#endif
+                   cimg::t_normal);
+
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Using VT100 messages:   %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_use_vt100' %s)%s\n",
+                   cimg::t_bold,
+#ifdef cimg_use_vt100
+                   "Yes",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"defined",
+#else
+                   "No",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"undefined",
+#endif
+                   cimg::t_normal);
+
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Display type:           %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_display'=%d)%s\n",
+                   cimg::t_bold,
+                   cimg_display==0?"No display":cimg_display==1?"X11":cimg_display==2?"Windows GDI":"Unknown",
+                   cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,
+                   cimg_display,
+                   cimg::t_normal);
+
+#if cimg_display==1
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Using XShm for X11:     %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_use_xshm' %s)%s\n",
+                   cimg::t_bold,
+#ifdef cimg_use_xshm
+                   "Yes",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"defined",
+#else
+                   "No",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"undefined",
+#endif
+                   cimg::t_normal);
+
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Using XRand for X11:    %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_use_xrandr' %s)%s\n",
+                   cimg::t_bold,
+#ifdef cimg_use_xrandr
+                   "Yes",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"defined",
+#else
+                   "No",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"undefined",
+#endif
+                   cimg::t_normal);
+#endif
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Using OpenMP:           %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_use_openmp' %s)%s\n",
+                   cimg::t_bold,
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+                   "Yes",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"defined",
+#else
+                   "No",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"undefined",
+#endif
+                   cimg::t_normal);
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Using PNG library:      %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_use_png' %s)%s\n",
+                   cimg::t_bold,
+#ifdef cimg_use_png
+                   "Yes",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"defined",
+#else
+                   "No",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"undefined",
+#endif
+                   cimg::t_normal);
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Using JPEG library:     %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_use_jpeg' %s)%s\n",
+                   cimg::t_bold,
+#ifdef cimg_use_jpeg
+                   "Yes",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"defined",
+#else
+                   "No",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"undefined",
+#endif
+                   cimg::t_normal);
+
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Using TIFF library:     %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_use_tiff' %s)%s\n",
+                   cimg::t_bold,
+#ifdef cimg_use_tiff
+                   "Yes",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"defined",
+#else
+                   "No",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"undefined",
+#endif
+                   cimg::t_normal);
+
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Using Magick++ library: %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_use_magick' %s)%s\n",
+                   cimg::t_bold,
+#ifdef cimg_use_magick
+                   "Yes",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"defined",
+#else
+                   "No",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"undefined",
+#endif
+                   cimg::t_normal);
+
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Using FFTW3 library:    %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_use_fftw3' %s)%s\n",
+                   cimg::t_bold,
+#ifdef cimg_use_fftw3
+                   "Yes",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"defined",
+#else
+                   "No",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"undefined",
+#endif
+                   cimg::t_normal);
+
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Using LAPACK library:   %s%-13s%s %s('cimg_use_lapack' %s)%s\n",
+                   cimg::t_bold,
+#ifdef cimg_use_lapack
+                   "Yes",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"defined",
+#else
+                   "No",cimg::t_normal,cimg::t_green,"undefined",
+#endif
+                   cimg::t_normal);
+
+      cimg_snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"\"%.1020s\"",cimg::imagemagick_path());
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Path of ImageMagick:    %s%-13s%s\n",
+                   cimg::t_bold,
+                   tmp,
+                   cimg::t_normal);
+
+      cimg_snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"\"%.1020s\"",cimg::graphicsmagick_path());
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Path of GraphicsMagick: %s%-13s%s\n",
+                   cimg::t_bold,
+                   tmp,
+                   cimg::t_normal);
+
+      cimg_snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"\"%.1020s\"",cimg::medcon_path());
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Path of 'medcon':       %s%-13s%s\n",
+                   cimg::t_bold,
+                   tmp,
+                   cimg::t_normal);
+
+      cimg_snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"\"%.1020s\"",cimg::temporary_path());
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  > Temporary path:         %s%-13s%s\n",
+                   cimg::t_bold,
+                   tmp,
+                   cimg::t_normal);
+
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"\n");
+    }
+
+    // Declare LAPACK function signatures if LAPACK support is enabled.
+#ifdef cimg_use_lapack
+    template<typename T>
+    inline void getrf(int &N, T *lapA, int *IPIV, int &INFO) {
+      dgetrf_(&N,&N,lapA,&N,IPIV,&INFO);
+    }
+
+    inline void getrf(int &N, float *lapA, int *IPIV, int &INFO) {
+      sgetrf_(&N,&N,lapA,&N,IPIV,&INFO);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    inline void getri(int &N, T *lapA, int *IPIV, T* WORK, int &LWORK, int &INFO) {
+      dgetri_(&N,lapA,&N,IPIV,WORK,&LWORK,&INFO);
+    }
+
+    inline void getri(int &N, float *lapA, int *IPIV, float* WORK, int &LWORK, int &INFO) {
+      sgetri_(&N,lapA,&N,IPIV,WORK,&LWORK,&INFO);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    inline void gesvd(char &JOB, int &M, int &N, T *lapA, int &MN,
+                      T *lapS, T *lapU, T *lapV, T *WORK, int &LWORK, int &INFO) {
+      dgesvd_(&JOB,&JOB,&M,&N,lapA,&MN,lapS,lapU,&M,lapV,&N,WORK,&LWORK,&INFO);
+    }
+
+    inline void gesvd(char &JOB, int &M, int &N, float *lapA, int &MN,
+                      float *lapS, float *lapU, float *lapV, float *WORK, int &LWORK, int &INFO) {
+      sgesvd_(&JOB,&JOB,&M,&N,lapA,&MN,lapS,lapU,&M,lapV,&N,WORK,&LWORK,&INFO);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    inline void getrs(char &TRANS, int &N, T *lapA, int *IPIV, T *lapB, int &INFO) {
+      int one = 1;
+      dgetrs_(&TRANS,&N,&one,lapA,&N,IPIV,lapB,&N,&INFO);
+    }
+
+    inline void getrs(char &TRANS, int &N, float *lapA, int *IPIV, float *lapB, int &INFO) {
+      int one = 1;
+      sgetrs_(&TRANS,&N,&one,lapA,&N,IPIV,lapB,&N,&INFO);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    inline void syev(char &JOB, char &UPLO, int &N, T *lapA, T *lapW, T *WORK, int &LWORK, int &INFO) {
+      dsyev_(&JOB,&UPLO,&N,lapA,&N,lapW,WORK,&LWORK,&INFO);
+    }
+
+    inline void syev(char &JOB, char &UPLO, int &N, float *lapA, float *lapW, float *WORK, int &LWORK, int &INFO) {
+      ssyev_(&JOB,&UPLO,&N,lapA,&N,lapW,WORK,&LWORK,&INFO);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    inline void sgels(char & TRANS, int &M, int &N, int &NRHS, T* lapA, int &LDA,
+		      T* lapB, int &LDB, T* WORK, int &LWORK, int &INFO){
+      dgels_(&TRANS, &M, &N, &NRHS, lapA, &LDA, lapB, &LDB, WORK, &LWORK, &INFO);
+    }
+
+    inline void sgels(char & TRANS, int &M, int &N, int &NRHS, float* lapA, int &LDA,
+		      float* lapB, int &LDB, float* WORK, int &LWORK, int &INFO){
+      sgels_(&TRANS, &M, &N, &NRHS, lapA, &LDA, lapB, &LDB, WORK, &LWORK, &INFO);
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+    // End of the 'cimg' namespace
+  }
+
+  /*------------------------------------------------
+   #
+   #
+   #   Definition of mathematical operators and
+   #   external functions.
+   #
+   #
+   -------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#define _cimg_create_ext_operators(typ) \
+  template<typename T> \
+  inline CImg<typename cimg::superset<T,typ>::type> operator+(const typ val, const CImg<T>& img) { \
+    return img + val; \
+  } \
+  template<typename T> \
+  inline CImg<typename cimg::superset<T,typ>::type> operator-(const typ val, const CImg<T>& img) { \
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,typ>::type Tt; \
+    return CImg<Tt>(img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum,val)-=img; \
+  } \
+  template<typename T> \
+  inline CImg<typename cimg::superset<T,typ>::type> operator*(const typ val, const CImg<T>& img) { \
+    return img*val; \
+  } \
+  template<typename T> \
+  inline CImg<typename cimg::superset<T,typ>::type> operator/(const typ val, const CImg<T>& img) { \
+    return val*img.get_invert(); \
+  } \
+  template<typename T> \
+  inline CImg<typename cimg::superset<T,typ>::type> operator&(const typ val, const CImg<T>& img) { \
+    return img & val; \
+  } \
+  template<typename T> \
+  inline CImg<typename cimg::superset<T,typ>::type> operator|(const typ val, const CImg<T>& img) { \
+    return img | val; \
+  } \
+  template<typename T> \
+  inline CImg<typename cimg::superset<T,typ>::type> operator^(const typ val, const CImg<T>& img) { \
+    return img ^ val; \
+  } \
+  template<typename T> \
+  inline bool operator==(const typ val, const CImg<T>& img) {   \
+    return img == val; \
+  } \
+  template<typename T> \
+  inline bool operator!=(const typ val, const CImg<T>& img) { \
+    return img != val; \
+  }
+
+  _cimg_create_ext_operators(bool)
+  _cimg_create_ext_operators(unsigned char)
+  _cimg_create_ext_operators(char)
+  _cimg_create_ext_operators(signed char)
+  _cimg_create_ext_operators(unsigned short)
+  _cimg_create_ext_operators(short)
+  _cimg_create_ext_operators(unsigned int)
+  _cimg_create_ext_operators(int)
+  _cimg_create_ext_operators(unsigned long)
+  _cimg_create_ext_operators(long)
+  _cimg_create_ext_operators(float)
+  _cimg_create_ext_operators(double)
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> operator+(const char *const expression, const CImg<T>& img) {
+    return img + expression;
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> operator-(const char *const expression, const CImg<T>& img) {
+    return CImg<_cimg_Tfloat>(img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum,expression,true)-=img;
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> operator*(const char *const expression, const CImg<T>& img) {
+    return img*expression;
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> operator/(const char *const expression, const CImg<T>& img) {
+    return expression*img.get_invert();
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<T> operator&(const char *const expression, const CImg<T>& img) {
+    return img & expression;
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<T> operator|(const char *const expression, const CImg<T>& img) {
+    return img | expression;
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<T> operator^(const char *const expression, const CImg<T>& img) {
+    return img ^ expression;
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline bool operator==(const char *const expression, const CImg<T>& img) {
+    return img == expression;
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline bool operator!=(const char *const expression, const CImg<T>& img) {
+    return img != expression;
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> sqr(const CImg<T>& instance) {
+    return instance.get_sqr();
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> sqrt(const CImg<T>& instance) {
+    return instance.get_sqrt();
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> exp(const CImg<T>& instance) {
+    return instance.get_exp();
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> log(const CImg<T>& instance) {
+    return instance.get_log();
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> log2(const CImg<T>& instance) {
+    return instance.get_log2();
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> log10(const CImg<T>& instance) {
+    return instance.get_log10();
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> abs(const CImg<T>& instance) {
+    return instance.get_abs();
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> sign(const CImg<T>& instance) {
+    return instance.get_sign();
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> cos(const CImg<T>& instance) {
+    return instance.get_cos();
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> sin(const CImg<T>& instance) {
+    return instance.get_sin();
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> sinc(const CImg<T>& instance) {
+    return instance.get_sinc();
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> tan(const CImg<T>& instance) {
+    return instance.get_tan();
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> acos(const CImg<T>& instance) {
+    return instance.get_acos();
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> asin(const CImg<T>& instance) {
+    return instance.get_asin();
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> atan(const CImg<T>& instance) {
+    return instance.get_atan();
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> cosh(const CImg<T>& instance) {
+    return instance.get_cosh();
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> sinh(const CImg<T>& instance) {
+    return instance.get_sinh();
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> tanh(const CImg<T>& instance) {
+    return instance.get_tanh();
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<T> transpose(const CImg<T>& instance) {
+    return instance.get_transpose();
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> invert(const CImg<T>& instance) {
+    return instance.get_invert();
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  inline CImg<_cimg_Tfloat> pseudoinvert(const CImg<T>& instance) {
+    return instance.get_pseudoinvert();
+  }
+
+  /*-----------------------------------
+   #
+   # Define the CImgDisplay structure
+   #
+   ----------------------------------*/
+  //! Allow to create windows, display images on them and manage user events (keyboard, mouse and windows events).
+  /**
+     CImgDisplay methods rely on a low-level graphic library to perform: it can be either \b X-Window
+     (X11, for Unix-based systems) or \b GDI32 (for Windows-based systems).
+     If both libraries are missing, CImgDisplay will not be able to display images on screen, and will enter
+     a minimal mode where warning messages will be outputed each time the program is trying to call one of the
+     CImgDisplay method.
+
+     The configuration variable \c cimg_display tells about the graphic library used.
+     It is set automatically by \CImg when one of these graphic libraries has been detected.
+     But, you can override its value if necessary. Valid choices are:
+     - 0: Disable display capabilities.
+     - 1: Use \b X-Window (X11) library.
+     - 2: Use \b GDI32 library.
+
+     Remember to link your program against \b X11 or \b GDI32 libraries if you use CImgDisplay.
+  **/
+  struct CImgDisplay {
+    unsigned long _timer, _fps_frames, _fps_timer;
+    unsigned int _width, _height, _normalization;
+    float _fps_fps, _min, _max;
+    bool _is_fullscreen;
+    char *_title;
+    volatile unsigned int _window_width, _window_height, _button, _keys[128], _released_keys[128];
+    volatile int _window_x, _window_y, _mouse_x, _mouse_y, _wheel;
+    volatile bool _is_closed, _is_resized, _is_moved, _is_event,
+      _is_keyESC, _is_keyF1, _is_keyF2, _is_keyF3, _is_keyF4, _is_keyF5, _is_keyF6, _is_keyF7,
+      _is_keyF8, _is_keyF9, _is_keyF10, _is_keyF11, _is_keyF12, _is_keyPAUSE, _is_key1, _is_key2,
+      _is_key3, _is_key4, _is_key5, _is_key6, _is_key7, _is_key8, _is_key9, _is_key0,
+      _is_keyBACKSPACE, _is_keyINSERT, _is_keyHOME, _is_keyPAGEUP, _is_keyTAB, _is_keyQ, _is_keyW, _is_keyE,
+      _is_keyR, _is_keyT, _is_keyY, _is_keyU, _is_keyI, _is_keyO, _is_keyP, _is_keyDELETE,
+      _is_keyEND, _is_keyPAGEDOWN, _is_keyCAPSLOCK, _is_keyA, _is_keyS, _is_keyD, _is_keyF, _is_keyG,
+      _is_keyH, _is_keyJ, _is_keyK, _is_keyL, _is_keyENTER, _is_keySHIFTLEFT, _is_keyZ, _is_keyX,
+      _is_keyC, _is_keyV, _is_keyB, _is_keyN, _is_keyM, _is_keySHIFTRIGHT, _is_keyARROWUP, _is_keyCTRLLEFT,
+      _is_keyAPPLEFT, _is_keyALT, _is_keySPACE, _is_keyALTGR, _is_keyAPPRIGHT, _is_keyMENU, _is_keyCTRLRIGHT,
+      _is_keyARROWLEFT, _is_keyARROWDOWN, _is_keyARROWRIGHT, _is_keyPAD0, _is_keyPAD1, _is_keyPAD2, _is_keyPAD3,
+      _is_keyPAD4, _is_keyPAD5, _is_keyPAD6, _is_keyPAD7, _is_keyPAD8, _is_keyPAD9, _is_keyPADADD, _is_keyPADSUB,
+      _is_keyPADMUL, _is_keyPADDIV;
+
+    //@}
+    //---------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Plugins
+    //@{
+    //---------------------------
+
+#ifdef cimgdisplay_plugin
+#include cimgdisplay_plugin
+#endif
+#ifdef cimgdisplay_plugin1
+#include cimgdisplay_plugin1
+#endif
+#ifdef cimgdisplay_plugin2
+#include cimgdisplay_plugin2
+#endif
+#ifdef cimgdisplay_plugin3
+#include cimgdisplay_plugin3
+#endif
+#ifdef cimgdisplay_plugin4
+#include cimgdisplay_plugin4
+#endif
+#ifdef cimgdisplay_plugin5
+#include cimgdisplay_plugin5
+#endif
+#ifdef cimgdisplay_plugin6
+#include cimgdisplay_plugin6
+#endif
+#ifdef cimgdisplay_plugin7
+#include cimgdisplay_plugin7
+#endif
+#ifdef cimgdisplay_plugin8
+#include cimgdisplay_plugin8
+#endif
+
+    //@}
+    //--------------------------------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Constructors / Destructor / Instance Management
+    //@{
+    //--------------------------------------------------------
+
+    //! Destructor.
+    /**
+       \note If the associated window is visible on the screen, it is closed by the call to the destructor.
+    **/
+    ~CImgDisplay() {
+      assign();
+    }
+
+    //! Construct an empty display.
+    /**
+       \note Constructing an empty CImgDisplay instance does not make a window appearing on the screen, until
+       display of valid data is performed.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImgDisplay disp;  // Does actually nothing.
+       ...
+       disp.display(img); // Construct new window and display image in it.
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay():
+      _width(0),_height(0),_normalization(0),
+      _min(0),_max(0),
+      _is_fullscreen(false),
+      _title(0),
+      _window_width(0),_window_height(0),_button(0),
+      _window_x(0),_window_y(0),_mouse_x(-1),_mouse_y(-1),_wheel(0),
+      _is_closed(true),_is_resized(false),_is_moved(false),_is_event(false) {
+      assign();
+    }
+
+    //! Construct a display with specified dimensions.
+    /** \param width Window width.
+        \param height Window height.
+        \param title Window title.
+        \param normalization Normalization type
+        (<tt>0</tt>=none, <tt>1</tt>=always, <tt>2</tt>=once, <tt>3</tt>=pixel type-dependent, see normalization()).
+        \param is_fullscreen Tells if fullscreen mode is enabled.
+        \param is_closed Tells if associated window is initially visible or not.
+        \note A black background is initially displayed on the associated window.
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay(const unsigned int width, const unsigned int height,
+                const char *const title=0, const unsigned int normalization=3,
+                const bool is_fullscreen=false, const bool is_closed=false):
+      _width(0),_height(0),_normalization(0),
+      _min(0),_max(0),
+      _is_fullscreen(false),
+      _title(0),
+      _window_width(0),_window_height(0),_button(0),
+      _window_x(0),_window_y(0),_mouse_x(-1),_mouse_y(-1),_wheel(0),
+      _is_closed(true),_is_resized(false),_is_moved(false),_is_event(false) {
+      assign(width,height,title,normalization,is_fullscreen,is_closed);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct a display from an image.
+    /** \param img Image used as a model to create the window.
+        \param title Window title.
+        \param normalization Normalization type
+        (<tt>0</tt>=none, <tt>1</tt>=always, <tt>2</tt>=once, <tt>3</tt>=pixel type-dependent, see normalization()).
+        \param is_fullscreen Tells if fullscreen mode is enabled.
+        \param is_closed Tells if associated window is initially visible or not.
+        \note The pixels of the input image are initially displayed on the associated window.
+    **/
+    template<typename T>
+    explicit CImgDisplay(const CImg<T>& img,
+                         const char *const title=0, const unsigned int normalization=3,
+                         const bool is_fullscreen=false, const bool is_closed=false):
+      _width(0),_height(0),_normalization(0),
+      _min(0),_max(0),
+      _is_fullscreen(false),
+      _title(0),
+      _window_width(0),_window_height(0),_button(0),
+      _window_x(0),_window_y(0),_mouse_x(-1),_mouse_y(-1),_wheel(0),
+      _is_closed(true),_is_resized(false),_is_moved(false),_is_event(false) {
+      assign(img,title,normalization,is_fullscreen,is_closed);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct a display from an image list.
+    /** \param list The images list to display.
+        \param title Window title.
+        \param normalization Normalization type
+        (<tt>0</tt>=none, <tt>1</tt>=always, <tt>2</tt>=once, <tt>3</tt>=pixel type-dependent, see normalization()).
+        \param is_fullscreen Tells if fullscreen mode is enabled.
+        \param is_closed Tells if associated window is initially visible or not.
+        \note All images of the list, appended along the X-axis, are initially displayed on the associated window.
+    **/
+    template<typename T>
+    explicit CImgDisplay(const CImgList<T>& list,
+                         const char *const title=0, const unsigned int normalization=3,
+                         const bool is_fullscreen=false, const bool is_closed=false):
+      _width(0),_height(0),_normalization(0),
+      _min(0),_max(0),
+      _is_fullscreen(false),
+      _title(0),
+      _window_width(0),_window_height(0),_button(0),
+      _window_x(0),_window_y(0),_mouse_x(-1),_mouse_y(-1),_wheel(0),
+      _is_closed(true),_is_resized(false),_is_moved(false),_is_event(false) {
+      assign(list,title,normalization,is_fullscreen,is_closed);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct a display as a copy of an existing one.
+    /**
+        \param disp Display instance to copy.
+        \note The pixel buffer of the input window is initially displayed on the associated window.
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay(const CImgDisplay& disp):
+      _width(0),_height(0),_normalization(0),
+      _min(0),_max(0),
+      _is_fullscreen(false),
+      _title(0),
+      _window_width(0),_window_height(0),_button(0),
+      _window_x(0),_window_y(0),_mouse_x(-1),_mouse_y(-1),_wheel(0),
+      _is_closed(true),_is_resized(false),_is_moved(false),_is_event(false) {
+      assign(disp);
+    }
+
+#if cimg_display==0
+
+    static void _no_display_exception() {
+      throw CImgDisplayException("CImgDisplay(): No display available.");
+    }
+
+    //! Destructor - Empty constructor \inplace.
+    /**
+       \note Replace the current instance by an empty display.
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& assign() {
+      return flush();
+    }
+
+    //! Construct a display with specified dimensions \inplace.
+    /**
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& assign(const unsigned int width, const unsigned int height,
+                        const char *const title=0, const unsigned int normalization=3,
+                        const bool is_fullscreen=false, const bool is_closed=false) {
+      cimg::unused(width,height,title,normalization,is_fullscreen,is_closed);
+      _no_display_exception();
+      return assign();
+    }
+
+    //! Construct a display from an image \inplace.
+    /**
+    **/
+    template<typename T>
+    CImgDisplay& assign(const CImg<T>& img,
+                        const char *const title=0, const unsigned int normalization=3,
+                        const bool is_fullscreen=false, const bool is_closed=false) {
+      _no_display_exception();
+      return assign(img._width,img._height,title,normalization,is_fullscreen,is_closed);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct a display from an image list \inplace.
+    /**
+    **/
+    template<typename T>
+    CImgDisplay& assign(const CImgList<T>& list,
+                        const char *const title=0, const unsigned int normalization=3,
+                        const bool is_fullscreen=false, const bool is_closed=false) {
+      _no_display_exception();
+      return assign(list._width,list._width,title,normalization,is_fullscreen,is_closed);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct a display as a copy of another one \inplace.
+    /**
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& assign(const CImgDisplay &disp) {
+      _no_display_exception();
+      return assign(disp._width,disp._height);
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+    //! Return a reference to an empty display.
+    /**
+       \note Can be useful for writing function prototypes where one of the argument (of type CImgDisplay&)
+       must have a default value.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       void foo(CImgDisplay& disp=CImgDisplay::empty());
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    static CImgDisplay& empty() {
+      static CImgDisplay _empty;
+      return _empty.assign();
+    }
+
+#define cimg_fitscreen(dx,dy,dz) CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(dx,dy,dz,128,-85,false), \
+                                 CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(dx,dy,dz,128,-85,true)
+    static unsigned int _fitscreen(const unsigned int dx, const unsigned int dy, const unsigned int dz,
+                                   const int dmin, const int dmax,const bool return_y) {
+      const unsigned int _nw = dx + (dz>1?dz:0), _nh = dy + (dz>1?dz:0);
+      unsigned int nw = _nw?_nw:1, nh = _nh?_nh:1;
+      const unsigned int
+        sw = CImgDisplay::screen_width(), sh = CImgDisplay::screen_height(),
+        mw = dmin<0?(unsigned int)(sw*-dmin/100):(unsigned int)dmin,
+        mh = dmin<0?(unsigned int)(sh*-dmin/100):(unsigned int)dmin,
+        Mw = dmax<0?(unsigned int)(sw*-dmax/100):(unsigned int)dmax,
+        Mh = dmax<0?(unsigned int)(sh*-dmax/100):(unsigned int)dmax;
+      if (nw<mw) { nh = nh*mw/nw; nh+=(nh==0?1:0); nw = mw; }
+      if (nh<mh) { nw = nw*mh/nh; nw+=(nw==0?1:0); nh = mh; }
+      if (nw>Mw) { nh = nh*Mw/nw; nh+=(nh==0?1:0); nw = Mw; }
+      if (nh>Mh) { nw = nw*Mh/nh; nw+=(nw==0?1:0); nh = Mh; }
+      if (nw<mw) nw = mw;
+      if (nh<mh) nh = mh;
+      return return_y?nh:nw;
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //------------------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Overloaded Operators
+    //@{
+    //------------------------------------------
+
+    //! Display image on associated window.
+    /**
+       \note <tt>disp = img</tt> is equivalent to <tt>disp.display(img)</tt>.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgDisplay& operator=(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      return display(img);
+    }
+
+    //! Display list of images on associated window.
+    /**
+       \note <tt>disp = list</tt> is equivalent to <tt>disp.display(list)</tt>.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgDisplay& operator=(const CImgList<t>& list) {
+      return display(list);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct a display as a copy of another one \inplace.
+    /**
+       \note Equivalent to assign(const CImgDisplay&).
+     **/
+    CImgDisplay& operator=(const CImgDisplay& disp) {
+      return assign(disp);
+    }
+
+    //! Return \c false if display is empty, \c true otherwise.
+    /**
+       \note <tt>if (disp) { ... }</tt> is equivalent to <tt>if (!disp.is_empty()) { ... }</tt>.
+    **/
+    operator bool() const {
+      return !is_empty();
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //------------------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Instance Checking
+    //@{
+    //------------------------------------------
+
+    //! Return \c true if display is empty, \c false otherwise.
+    /**
+    **/
+    bool is_empty() const {
+      return !(_width && _height);
+    }
+
+    //! Return \c true if display is closed (i.e. not visible on the screen), \c false otherwise.
+    /**
+       \note
+       - When a user physically closes the associated window, the display is set to closed.
+       - A closed display is not destroyed. Its associated window can be show again on the screen using show().
+    **/
+    bool is_closed() const {
+      return _is_closed;
+    }
+
+    //! Return \c true if associated window has been resized on the screen, \c false otherwise.
+    /**
+    **/
+    bool is_resized() const {
+      return _is_resized;
+    }
+
+    //! Return \c true if associated window has been moved on the screen, \c false otherwise.
+    /**
+    **/
+    bool is_moved() const {
+      return _is_moved;
+    }
+
+    //! Return \c true if any event has occured on the associated window, \c false otherwise.
+    /**
+    **/
+    bool is_event() const {
+      return _is_event;
+    }
+
+    //! Return \c true if current display is in fullscreen mode, \c false otherwise.
+    /**
+    **/
+    bool is_fullscreen() const {
+      return _is_fullscreen;
+    }
+
+    //! Return \c true if any key is being pressed on the associated window, \c false otherwise.
+    /**
+       \note The methods below do the same only for specific keys.
+    **/
+    bool is_key() const {
+      return _is_keyESC || _is_keyF1 || _is_keyF2 || _is_keyF3 ||
+        _is_keyF4 || _is_keyF5 || _is_keyF6 || _is_keyF7 ||
+        _is_keyF8 || _is_keyF9 || _is_keyF10 || _is_keyF11 ||
+        _is_keyF12 || _is_keyPAUSE || _is_key1 || _is_key2 ||
+        _is_key3 || _is_key4 || _is_key5 || _is_key6 ||
+        _is_key7 || _is_key8 || _is_key9 || _is_key0 ||
+        _is_keyBACKSPACE || _is_keyINSERT || _is_keyHOME ||
+        _is_keyPAGEUP || _is_keyTAB || _is_keyQ || _is_keyW ||
+        _is_keyE || _is_keyR || _is_keyT || _is_keyY ||
+        _is_keyU || _is_keyI || _is_keyO || _is_keyP ||
+        _is_keyDELETE || _is_keyEND || _is_keyPAGEDOWN ||
+        _is_keyCAPSLOCK || _is_keyA || _is_keyS || _is_keyD ||
+        _is_keyF || _is_keyG || _is_keyH || _is_keyJ ||
+        _is_keyK || _is_keyL || _is_keyENTER ||
+        _is_keySHIFTLEFT || _is_keyZ || _is_keyX || _is_keyC ||
+        _is_keyV || _is_keyB || _is_keyN || _is_keyM ||
+        _is_keySHIFTRIGHT || _is_keyARROWUP || _is_keyCTRLLEFT ||
+        _is_keyAPPLEFT || _is_keyALT || _is_keySPACE || _is_keyALTGR ||
+        _is_keyAPPRIGHT || _is_keyMENU || _is_keyCTRLRIGHT ||
+        _is_keyARROWLEFT || _is_keyARROWDOWN || _is_keyARROWRIGHT ||
+        _is_keyPAD0 || _is_keyPAD1 || _is_keyPAD2 ||
+        _is_keyPAD3 || _is_keyPAD4 || _is_keyPAD5 ||
+        _is_keyPAD6 || _is_keyPAD7 || _is_keyPAD8 ||
+        _is_keyPAD9 || _is_keyPADADD || _is_keyPADSUB ||
+        _is_keyPADMUL || _is_keyPADDIV;
+    }
+
+    //! Return \c true if key specified by given keycode is being pressed on the associated window, \c false otherwise.
+    /**
+       \param keycode Keycode to test.
+       \note Keycode constants are defined in the cimg namespace and are architecture-dependent. Use them to ensure
+       your code stay portable (see cimg::keyESC).
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImgDisplay disp(400,400);
+       while (!disp.is_closed()) {
+         if (disp.key(cimg::keyTAB)) { ... }  // Equivalent to 'if (disp.is_keyTAB())'.
+         disp.wait();
+       }
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    bool is_key(const unsigned int keycode) const {
+#define _cimg_iskey_test(k) if (keycode==cimg::key##k) return _is_key##k;
+      _cimg_iskey_test(ESC); _cimg_iskey_test(F1); _cimg_iskey_test(F2); _cimg_iskey_test(F3);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(F4); _cimg_iskey_test(F5); _cimg_iskey_test(F6); _cimg_iskey_test(F7);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(F8); _cimg_iskey_test(F9); _cimg_iskey_test(F10); _cimg_iskey_test(F11);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(F12); _cimg_iskey_test(PAUSE); _cimg_iskey_test(1); _cimg_iskey_test(2);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(3); _cimg_iskey_test(4); _cimg_iskey_test(5); _cimg_iskey_test(6);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(7); _cimg_iskey_test(8); _cimg_iskey_test(9); _cimg_iskey_test(0);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(BACKSPACE); _cimg_iskey_test(INSERT); _cimg_iskey_test(HOME);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(PAGEUP); _cimg_iskey_test(TAB); _cimg_iskey_test(Q); _cimg_iskey_test(W);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(E); _cimg_iskey_test(R); _cimg_iskey_test(T); _cimg_iskey_test(Y);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(U); _cimg_iskey_test(I); _cimg_iskey_test(O); _cimg_iskey_test(P);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(DELETE); _cimg_iskey_test(END); _cimg_iskey_test(PAGEDOWN);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(CAPSLOCK); _cimg_iskey_test(A); _cimg_iskey_test(S); _cimg_iskey_test(D);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(F); _cimg_iskey_test(G); _cimg_iskey_test(H); _cimg_iskey_test(J);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(K); _cimg_iskey_test(L); _cimg_iskey_test(ENTER);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(SHIFTLEFT); _cimg_iskey_test(Z); _cimg_iskey_test(X); _cimg_iskey_test(C);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(V); _cimg_iskey_test(B); _cimg_iskey_test(N); _cimg_iskey_test(M);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(SHIFTRIGHT); _cimg_iskey_test(ARROWUP); _cimg_iskey_test(CTRLLEFT);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(APPLEFT); _cimg_iskey_test(ALT); _cimg_iskey_test(SPACE); _cimg_iskey_test(ALTGR);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(APPRIGHT); _cimg_iskey_test(MENU); _cimg_iskey_test(CTRLRIGHT);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(ARROWLEFT); _cimg_iskey_test(ARROWDOWN); _cimg_iskey_test(ARROWRIGHT);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(PAD0); _cimg_iskey_test(PAD1); _cimg_iskey_test(PAD2);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(PAD3); _cimg_iskey_test(PAD4); _cimg_iskey_test(PAD5);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(PAD6); _cimg_iskey_test(PAD7); _cimg_iskey_test(PAD8);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(PAD9); _cimg_iskey_test(PADADD); _cimg_iskey_test(PADSUB);
+      _cimg_iskey_test(PADMUL); _cimg_iskey_test(PADDIV);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    //! Return \c true if key specified by given keycode is being pressed on the associated window, \c false otherwise.
+    /**
+       \param keycode C-string containing the keycode label of the key to test.
+       \note Use it when the key you want to test can be dynamically set by the user.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImgDisplay disp(400,400);
+       const char *const keycode = "TAB";
+       while (!disp.is_closed()) {
+         if (disp.is_key(keycode)) { ... }  // Equivalent to 'if (disp.is_keyTAB())'.
+         disp.wait();
+       }
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    volatile bool& is_key(const char *const keycode) {
+      static bool f = false;
+      f = false;
+#define _cimg_iskey_test2(k) if (!cimg::strcasecmp(keycode,#k)) return _is_key##k;
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(ESC); _cimg_iskey_test2(F1); _cimg_iskey_test2(F2); _cimg_iskey_test2(F3);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(F4); _cimg_iskey_test2(F5); _cimg_iskey_test2(F6); _cimg_iskey_test2(F7);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(F8); _cimg_iskey_test2(F9); _cimg_iskey_test2(F10); _cimg_iskey_test2(F11);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(F12); _cimg_iskey_test2(PAUSE); _cimg_iskey_test2(1); _cimg_iskey_test2(2);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(3); _cimg_iskey_test2(4); _cimg_iskey_test2(5); _cimg_iskey_test2(6);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(7); _cimg_iskey_test2(8); _cimg_iskey_test2(9); _cimg_iskey_test2(0);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(BACKSPACE); _cimg_iskey_test2(INSERT); _cimg_iskey_test2(HOME);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(PAGEUP); _cimg_iskey_test2(TAB); _cimg_iskey_test2(Q); _cimg_iskey_test2(W);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(E); _cimg_iskey_test2(R); _cimg_iskey_test2(T); _cimg_iskey_test2(Y);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(U); _cimg_iskey_test2(I); _cimg_iskey_test2(O); _cimg_iskey_test2(P);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(DELETE); _cimg_iskey_test2(END); _cimg_iskey_test2(PAGEDOWN);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(CAPSLOCK); _cimg_iskey_test2(A); _cimg_iskey_test2(S); _cimg_iskey_test2(D);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(F); _cimg_iskey_test2(G); _cimg_iskey_test2(H); _cimg_iskey_test2(J);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(K); _cimg_iskey_test2(L); _cimg_iskey_test2(ENTER);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(SHIFTLEFT); _cimg_iskey_test2(Z); _cimg_iskey_test2(X); _cimg_iskey_test2(C);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(V); _cimg_iskey_test2(B); _cimg_iskey_test2(N); _cimg_iskey_test2(M);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(SHIFTRIGHT); _cimg_iskey_test2(ARROWUP); _cimg_iskey_test2(CTRLLEFT);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(APPLEFT); _cimg_iskey_test2(ALT); _cimg_iskey_test2(SPACE); _cimg_iskey_test2(ALTGR);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(APPRIGHT); _cimg_iskey_test2(MENU); _cimg_iskey_test2(CTRLRIGHT);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(ARROWLEFT); _cimg_iskey_test2(ARROWDOWN); _cimg_iskey_test2(ARROWRIGHT);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(PAD0); _cimg_iskey_test2(PAD1); _cimg_iskey_test2(PAD2);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(PAD3); _cimg_iskey_test2(PAD4); _cimg_iskey_test2(PAD5);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(PAD6); _cimg_iskey_test2(PAD7); _cimg_iskey_test2(PAD8);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(PAD9); _cimg_iskey_test2(PADADD); _cimg_iskey_test2(PADSUB);
+      _cimg_iskey_test2(PADMUL); _cimg_iskey_test2(PADDIV);
+      return f;
+    }
+
+    //! Return \c true if specified key sequence has been typed on the associated window, \c false otherwise.
+    /**
+       \param keycodes_sequence Buffer of keycodes to test.
+       \param length Number of keys in the \c keycodes_sequence buffer.
+       \param remove_sequence Tells if the key sequence must be removed from the key history, if found.
+       \note Keycode constants are defined in the cimg namespace and are architecture-dependent. Use them to ensure
+       your code stay portable (see cimg::keyESC).
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImgDisplay disp(400,400);
+       const unsigned int key_seq[] = { cimg::keyCTRLLEFT, cimg::keyD };
+       while (!disp.is_closed()) {
+         if (disp.is_key_sequence(key_seq,2)) { ... }  // Test for the 'CTRL+D' keyboard event.
+         disp.wait();
+       }
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    bool is_key_sequence(const unsigned int *const keycodes_sequence, const unsigned int length,
+                         const bool remove_sequence=false) {
+      if (keycodes_sequence && length) {
+        const unsigned int
+          *const ps_end = keycodes_sequence + length - 1,
+          *const pk_end = (unsigned int*)_keys + 1 + sizeof(_keys)/sizeof(unsigned int) - length,
+          k = *ps_end;
+        for (unsigned int *pk = (unsigned int*)_keys; pk<pk_end; ) {
+          if (*(pk++)==k) {
+            bool res = true;
+            const unsigned int *ps = ps_end, *pk2 = pk;
+            for (unsigned int i = 1; i<length; ++i) res = (*(--ps)==*(pk2++));
+            if (res) {
+              if (remove_sequence) std::memset((void*)(pk-1),0,sizeof(unsigned int)*length);
+              return true;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+#define _cimg_iskey_def(k) \
+    bool is_key##k() const { \
+      return _is_key##k; \
+    }
+
+    //! Return \c true if the \c ESC key is being pressed on the associated window, \c false otherwise.
+    /**
+       \note Similar methods exist for all keys managed by \CImg (see cimg::keyESC).
+    **/
+    _cimg_iskey_def(ESC); _cimg_iskey_def(F1); _cimg_iskey_def(F2); _cimg_iskey_def(F3);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(F4); _cimg_iskey_def(F5); _cimg_iskey_def(F6); _cimg_iskey_def(F7);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(F8); _cimg_iskey_def(F9); _cimg_iskey_def(F10); _cimg_iskey_def(F11);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(F12); _cimg_iskey_def(PAUSE); _cimg_iskey_def(1); _cimg_iskey_def(2);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(3); _cimg_iskey_def(4); _cimg_iskey_def(5); _cimg_iskey_def(6);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(7); _cimg_iskey_def(8); _cimg_iskey_def(9); _cimg_iskey_def(0);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(BACKSPACE); _cimg_iskey_def(INSERT); _cimg_iskey_def(HOME);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(PAGEUP); _cimg_iskey_def(TAB); _cimg_iskey_def(Q); _cimg_iskey_def(W);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(E); _cimg_iskey_def(R); _cimg_iskey_def(T); _cimg_iskey_def(Y);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(U); _cimg_iskey_def(I); _cimg_iskey_def(O); _cimg_iskey_def(P);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(DELETE); _cimg_iskey_def(END); _cimg_iskey_def(PAGEDOWN);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(CAPSLOCK); _cimg_iskey_def(A); _cimg_iskey_def(S); _cimg_iskey_def(D);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(F); _cimg_iskey_def(G); _cimg_iskey_def(H); _cimg_iskey_def(J);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(K); _cimg_iskey_def(L); _cimg_iskey_def(ENTER);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(SHIFTLEFT); _cimg_iskey_def(Z); _cimg_iskey_def(X); _cimg_iskey_def(C);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(V); _cimg_iskey_def(B); _cimg_iskey_def(N); _cimg_iskey_def(M);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(SHIFTRIGHT); _cimg_iskey_def(ARROWUP); _cimg_iskey_def(CTRLLEFT);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(APPLEFT); _cimg_iskey_def(ALT); _cimg_iskey_def(SPACE); _cimg_iskey_def(ALTGR);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(APPRIGHT); _cimg_iskey_def(MENU); _cimg_iskey_def(CTRLRIGHT);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(ARROWLEFT); _cimg_iskey_def(ARROWDOWN); _cimg_iskey_def(ARROWRIGHT);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(PAD0); _cimg_iskey_def(PAD1); _cimg_iskey_def(PAD2);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(PAD3); _cimg_iskey_def(PAD4); _cimg_iskey_def(PAD5);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(PAD6); _cimg_iskey_def(PAD7); _cimg_iskey_def(PAD8);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(PAD9); _cimg_iskey_def(PADADD); _cimg_iskey_def(PADSUB);
+    _cimg_iskey_def(PADMUL); _cimg_iskey_def(PADDIV);
+
+    //@}
+    //------------------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Instance Characteristics
+    //@{
+    //------------------------------------------
+
+#if cimg_display==0
+
+    //! Return width of the screen (current resolution along the X-axis).
+    /**
+    **/
+    static int screen_width() {
+      _no_display_exception();
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    //! Return height of the screen (current resolution along the Y-axis).
+    /**
+    **/
+    static int screen_height() {
+      _no_display_exception();
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+    //! Return display width.
+    /**
+       \note The width of the display (i.e. the width of the pixel data buffer associated to the CImgDisplay instance)
+       may be different from the actual width of the associated window.
+    **/
+    int width() const {
+      return (int)_width;
+    }
+
+    //! Return display height.
+    /**
+       \note The height of the display (i.e. the height of the pixel data buffer associated to the CImgDisplay instance)
+       may be different from the actual height of the associated window.
+    **/
+    int height() const {
+      return (int)_height;
+    }
+
+    //! Return normalization type of the display.
+    /**
+       The normalization type tells about how the values of an input image are normalized by the CImgDisplay to be
+       correctly displayed. The range of values for pixels displayed on screen is <tt>[0,255]</tt>.
+       If the range of values of the data to display is different, a normalization may be required for displaying
+       the data in a correct way. The normalization type can be one of:
+       - \c 0: Value normalization is disabled. It is then assumed that all input data to be displayed by the
+       CImgDisplay instance have values in range <tt>[0,255]</tt>.
+       - \c 1: Value normalization is always performed (this is the default behavior).
+       Before displaying an input image, its values will be (virtually) stretched
+       in range <tt>[0,255]</tt>, so that the contrast of the displayed pixels will be maximum.
+       Use this mode for images whose minimum and maximum values are not prescribed to known values
+       (e.g. float-valued images).
+       Note that when normalized versions of images are computed for display purposes, the actual values of these
+       images are not modified.
+       - \c 2: Value normalization is performed once (on the first image display), then the same normalization
+       coefficients are kept for next displayed frames.
+       - \c 3: Value normalization depends on the pixel type of the data to display. For integer pixel types,
+       the normalization is done regarding the minimum/maximum values of the type (no normalization occurs then
+       for <tt>unsigned char</tt>).
+       For float-valued pixel types, the normalization is done regarding the minimum/maximum value of the image
+       data instead.
+    **/
+    unsigned int normalization() const {
+      return _normalization;
+    }
+
+    //! Return title of the associated window as a C-string.
+    /**
+       \note Window title may be not visible, depending on the used window manager or if the current display is
+       in fullscreen mode.
+    **/
+    const char *title() const {
+      return _title;
+    }
+
+    //! Return width of the associated window.
+    /**
+       \note The width of the display (i.e. the width of the pixel data buffer associated to the CImgDisplay instance)
+       may be different from the actual width of the associated window.
+    **/
+    int window_width() const {
+      return (int)_window_width;
+    }
+
+    //! Return height of the associated window.
+    /**
+       \note The height of the display (i.e. the height of the pixel data buffer associated to the CImgDisplay instance)
+       may be different from the actual height of the associated window.
+    **/
+    int window_height() const {
+      return (int)_window_height;
+    }
+
+    //! Return X-coordinate of the associated window.
+    /**
+       \note The returned coordinate corresponds to the location of the upper-left corner of the associated window.
+    **/
+    int window_x() const {
+      return _window_x;
+    }
+
+    //! Return Y-coordinate of the associated window.
+    /**
+       \note The returned coordinate corresponds to the location of the upper-left corner of the associated window.
+    **/
+    int window_y() const {
+      return _window_y;
+    }
+
+    //! Return X-coordinate of the mouse pointer.
+    /**
+       \note
+       - If the mouse pointer is outside window area, \c -1 is returned.
+       - Otherwise, the returned value is in the range [0,width()-1].
+    **/
+    int mouse_x() const {
+      return _mouse_x;
+    }
+
+    //! Return Y-coordinate of the mouse pointer.
+    /**
+       \note
+       - If the mouse pointer is outside window area, \c -1 is returned.
+       - Otherwise, the returned value is in the range [0,height()-1].
+    **/
+    int mouse_y() const {
+      return _mouse_y;
+    }
+
+    //! Return current state of the mouse buttons.
+    /**
+       \note Three mouse buttons can be managed. If one button is pressed, its corresponding bit in the returned
+       value is set:
+       - bit \c 0 (value \c 0x1): State of the left mouse button.
+       - bit \c 1 (value \c 0x2): State of the right mouse button.
+       - bit \c 2 (value \c 0x4): State of the middle mouse button.
+
+       Several bits can be activated if more than one button are pressed at the same time.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImgDisplay disp(400,400);
+       while (!disp.is_closed()) {
+         if (disp.button()&1) { // Left button clicked.
+           ...
+         }
+         if (disp.button()&2) { // Right button clicked.
+           ...
+         }
+         if (disp.button()&4) { // Middle button clicked.
+           ...
+         }
+         disp.wait();
+       }
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    unsigned int button() const {
+      return _button;
+    }
+
+    //! Return current state of the mouse wheel.
+    /**
+       \note
+       - The returned value can be positive or negative depending on whether the mouse wheel has been scrolled
+       forward or backward.
+       - Scrolling the wheel forward add \c 1 to the wheel value.
+       - Scrolling the wheel backward substract \c 1 to the wheel value.
+       - The returned value cumulates the number of forward of backward scrolls since the creation of the display,
+       or since the last reset of the wheel value (using set_wheel()). It is strongly recommended to quickly reset
+       the wheel counter when an action has been performed regarding the current wheel value.
+       Otherwise, the returned wheel value may be for instance \c 0 despite the fact that many scrolls have been done
+       (as many in forward as in backward directions).
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImgDisplay disp(400,400);
+       while (!disp.is_closed()) {
+         if (disp.wheel()) {
+           int counter = disp.wheel();  // Read the state of the mouse wheel.
+           ...                          // Do what you want with 'counter'.
+           disp.set_wheel();            // Reset the wheel value to 0.
+         }
+         disp.wait();
+       }
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    int wheel() const {
+      return _wheel;
+    }
+
+    //! Return one entry from the pressed keys history.
+    /**
+       \param pos Indice to read from the pressed keys history (indice \c 0 corresponds to latest entry).
+       \return Keycode of a pressed key or \c 0 for a released key.
+       \note
+       - Each CImgDisplay stores a history of the pressed keys in a buffer of size \c 128. When a new key is pressed,
+       its keycode is stored in the pressed keys history. When a key is released, \c 0 is put instead.
+       This means that up to the 64 last pressed keys may be read from the pressed keys history.
+       When a new value is stored, the pressed keys history is shifted so that the latest entry is always
+       stored at position \c 0.
+       - Keycode constants are defined in the cimg namespace and are architecture-dependent. Use them to ensure
+       your code stay portable (see cimg::keyESC).
+    **/
+    unsigned int key(const unsigned int pos=0) const {
+      return pos<(sizeof(_keys)/sizeof(unsigned int))?_keys[pos]:0;
+    }
+
+    //! Return one entry from the released keys history.
+    /**
+       \param pos Indice to read from the released keys history (indice \c 0 corresponds to latest entry).
+       \return Keycode of a released key or \c 0 for a pressed key.
+       \note
+       - Each CImgDisplay stores a history of the released keys in a buffer of size \c 128. When a new key is released,
+       its keycode is stored in the pressed keys history. When a key is pressed, \c 0 is put instead.
+       This means that up to the 64 last released keys may be read from the released keys history.
+       When a new value is stored, the released keys history is shifted so that the latest entry is always
+       stored at position \c 0.
+       - Keycode constants are defined in the cimg namespace and are architecture-dependent. Use them to ensure
+       your code stay portable (see cimg::keyESC).
+    **/
+    unsigned int released_key(const unsigned int pos=0) const {
+      return pos<(sizeof(_released_keys)/sizeof(unsigned int))?_released_keys[pos]:0;
+    }
+
+    //! Return keycode corresponding to the specified string.
+    /**
+       \note Keycode constants are defined in the cimg namespace and are architecture-dependent. Use them to ensure
+       your code stay portable (see cimg::keyESC).
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const unsigned int keyTAB = CImgDisplay::keycode("TAB");  // Return cimg::keyTAB.
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    static unsigned int keycode(const char *const keycode) {
+#define _cimg_keycode(k) if (!cimg::strcasecmp(keycode,#k)) return cimg::key##k;
+      _cimg_keycode(ESC); _cimg_keycode(F1); _cimg_keycode(F2); _cimg_keycode(F3);
+      _cimg_keycode(F4); _cimg_keycode(F5); _cimg_keycode(F6); _cimg_keycode(F7);
+      _cimg_keycode(F8); _cimg_keycode(F9); _cimg_keycode(F10); _cimg_keycode(F11);
+      _cimg_keycode(F12); _cimg_keycode(PAUSE); _cimg_keycode(1); _cimg_keycode(2);
+      _cimg_keycode(3); _cimg_keycode(4); _cimg_keycode(5); _cimg_keycode(6);
+      _cimg_keycode(7); _cimg_keycode(8); _cimg_keycode(9); _cimg_keycode(0);
+      _cimg_keycode(BACKSPACE); _cimg_keycode(INSERT); _cimg_keycode(HOME);
+      _cimg_keycode(PAGEUP); _cimg_keycode(TAB); _cimg_keycode(Q); _cimg_keycode(W);
+      _cimg_keycode(E); _cimg_keycode(R); _cimg_keycode(T); _cimg_keycode(Y);
+      _cimg_keycode(U); _cimg_keycode(I); _cimg_keycode(O); _cimg_keycode(P);
+      _cimg_keycode(DELETE); _cimg_keycode(END); _cimg_keycode(PAGEDOWN);
+      _cimg_keycode(CAPSLOCK); _cimg_keycode(A); _cimg_keycode(S); _cimg_keycode(D);
+      _cimg_keycode(F); _cimg_keycode(G); _cimg_keycode(H); _cimg_keycode(J);
+      _cimg_keycode(K); _cimg_keycode(L); _cimg_keycode(ENTER);
+      _cimg_keycode(SHIFTLEFT); _cimg_keycode(Z); _cimg_keycode(X); _cimg_keycode(C);
+      _cimg_keycode(V); _cimg_keycode(B); _cimg_keycode(N); _cimg_keycode(M);
+      _cimg_keycode(SHIFTRIGHT); _cimg_keycode(ARROWUP); _cimg_keycode(CTRLLEFT);
+      _cimg_keycode(APPLEFT); _cimg_keycode(ALT); _cimg_keycode(SPACE); _cimg_keycode(ALTGR);
+      _cimg_keycode(APPRIGHT); _cimg_keycode(MENU); _cimg_keycode(CTRLRIGHT);
+      _cimg_keycode(ARROWLEFT); _cimg_keycode(ARROWDOWN); _cimg_keycode(ARROWRIGHT);
+      _cimg_keycode(PAD0); _cimg_keycode(PAD1); _cimg_keycode(PAD2);
+      _cimg_keycode(PAD3); _cimg_keycode(PAD4); _cimg_keycode(PAD5);
+      _cimg_keycode(PAD6); _cimg_keycode(PAD7); _cimg_keycode(PAD8);
+      _cimg_keycode(PAD9); _cimg_keycode(PADADD); _cimg_keycode(PADSUB);
+      _cimg_keycode(PADMUL); _cimg_keycode(PADDIV);
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    //! Return the current refresh rate, in frames per second.
+    /**
+       \note Returns a significant value when the current instance is used to display successive frames.
+       It measures the delay between successive calls to frames_per_second().
+    **/
+    float frames_per_second() {
+      if (!_fps_timer) _fps_timer = cimg::time();
+      const float delta = (cimg::time()-_fps_timer)/1000.0f;
+      ++_fps_frames;
+      if (delta>=1) {
+        _fps_fps = _fps_frames/delta;
+        _fps_frames = 0;
+        _fps_timer = cimg::time();
+      }
+      return _fps_fps;
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //---------------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Window Manipulation
+    //@{
+    //---------------------------------------
+
+#if cimg_display==0
+
+    //! Display image on associated window.
+    /**
+       \param img Input image to display.
+       \note This method returns immediately.
+    **/
+    template<typename T>
+    CImgDisplay& display(const CImg<T>& img) {
+      return assign(img);
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+    //! Display list of images on associated window.
+    /**
+       \param list List of images to display.
+       \param axis Axis used to append the images along, for the visualization (can be \c x, \c y, \c z or \c c).
+       \param align Relative position of aligned images when displaying lists with images of different sizes
+       (\c 0 for upper-left, \c 0.5 for centering and \c 1 for lower-right).
+       \note This method returns immediately.
+    **/
+    template<typename T>
+    CImgDisplay& display(const CImgList<T>& list, const char axis='x', const float align=0) {
+      CImgList<typename CImg<T>::ucharT> visu(list._width);
+      cimglist_for(list,l) {
+        const CImg<T>& img = list._data[l];
+        img.__get_select(*this,_normalization,(img._width-1)/2,(img._height-1)/2,(img._depth-1)/2).move_to(visu[l]);
+      }
+      visu.get_append(axis,align).display(*this);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+#if cimg_display==0
+
+    //! Show (closed) associated window on the screen.
+    /**
+       \note
+       - Force the associated window of a display to be visible on the screen, even if it has been closed before.
+       - Using show() on a visible display does nothing.
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& show() {
+      return assign();
+    }
+
+    //! Close (visible) associated window and make it disappear from the screen.
+    /**
+       \note
+       - A closed display only means the associated window is not visible anymore. This does not mean the display has
+       been destroyed.
+       Use show() to make the associated window reappear.
+       - Using close() on a closed display does nothing.
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& close() {
+      return assign();
+    }
+
+    //! Move associated window to a new location.
+    /**
+       \param pos_x X-coordinate of the new window location.
+       \param pos_y Y-coordinate of the new window location.
+       \note Depending on the window manager behavior, this method may not succeed (no exceptions are thrown
+       nevertheless).
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& move(const int pos_x, const int pos_y) {
+      return assign(pos_x,pos_y);
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+    //! Resize display to the size of the associated window.
+    /**
+       \param force_redraw Tells if the previous window content must be updated and refreshed as well.
+       \note
+       - Calling this method ensures that width() and window_width() become equal, as well as height() and
+       window_height().
+       - The associated window is also resized to specified dimensions.
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& resize(const bool force_redraw=true) {
+      resize(_window_width,_window_height,force_redraw);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+#if cimg_display==0
+
+    //! Resize display to the specified size.
+    /**
+       \param width Requested display width.
+       \param height Requested display height.
+       \param force_redraw Tells if the previous window content must be updated and refreshed as well.
+       \note The associated window is also resized to specified dimensions.
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& resize(const int width, const int height, const bool force_redraw=true) {
+      return assign(width,height,0,3,force_redraw);
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+    //! Resize display to the size of an input image.
+    /**
+       \param img Input image to take size from.
+       \param force_redraw Tells if the previous window content must be resized and updated as well.
+       \note
+       - Calling this method ensures that width() and <tt>img.width()</tt> become equal, as well as height() and
+       <tt>img.height()</tt>.
+       - The associated window is also resized to specified dimensions.
+    **/
+    template<typename T>
+    CImgDisplay& resize(const CImg<T>& img, const bool force_redraw=true) {
+      return resize(img._width,img._height,force_redraw);
+    }
+
+    //! Resize display to the size of another CImgDisplay instance.
+    /**
+       \param disp Input display to take size from.
+       \param force_redraw Tells if the previous window content must be resized and updated as well.
+       \note
+       - Calling this method ensures that width() and <tt>disp.width()</tt> become equal, as well as height() and
+       <tt>disp.height()</tt>.
+       - The associated window is also resized to specified dimensions.
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& resize(const CImgDisplay& disp, const bool force_redraw=true) {
+      return resize(disp._width,disp._height,force_redraw);
+    }
+
+    // [internal] Render pixel buffer with size (wd,hd) from source buffer of size (ws,hs).
+    template<typename t, typename T>
+    static void _render_resize(const T *ptrs, const unsigned int ws, const unsigned int hs,
+                               t *ptrd, const unsigned int wd, const unsigned int hd) {
+      unsigned int *const offx = new unsigned int[wd], *const offy = new unsigned int[hd+1], *poffx, *poffy;
+      float s, curr, old;
+      s = (float)ws/wd;
+      poffx = offx; curr = 0; for (unsigned int x = 0; x<wd; ++x) {
+        old = curr; curr+=s; *(poffx++) = (unsigned int)curr - (unsigned int)old;
+      }
+      s = (float)hs/hd;
+      poffy = offy; curr = 0; for (unsigned int y = 0; y<hd; ++y) {
+        old = curr; curr+=s; *(poffy++) = ws*((unsigned int)curr - (unsigned int)old);
+      }
+      *poffy = 0;
+      poffy = offy;
+      for (unsigned int y = 0; y<hd; ) {
+        const T *ptr = ptrs;
+        poffx = offx;
+        for (unsigned int x = 0; x<wd; ++x) { *(ptrd++) = *ptr; ptr+=*(poffx++); }
+        ++y;
+        unsigned int dy = *(poffy++);
+        for ( ; !dy && y<hd; std::memcpy(ptrd,ptrd - wd,sizeof(t)*wd), ++y, ptrd+=wd, dy = *(poffy++)) {}
+        ptrs+=dy;
+      }
+      delete[] offx; delete[] offy;
+    }
+
+    //! Set normalization type.
+    /**
+       \param normalization New normalization mode.
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& set_normalization(const unsigned int normalization) {
+      _normalization = normalization;
+      _min = _max = 0;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+#if cimg_display==0
+
+    //! Set title of the associated window.
+    /**
+       \param format C-string containing the format of the title, as with <tt>std::printf()</tt>.
+       \warning As the first argument is a format string, it is highly recommended to write
+       \code
+       disp.set_title("%s",window_title);
+       \endcode
+       instead of
+       \code
+       disp.set_title(window_title);
+       \endcode
+       if \c window_title can be arbitrary, to prevent nasty memory access.
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& set_title(const char *const format, ...) {
+      return assign(0,0,format);
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+    //! Enable or disable fullscreen mode.
+    /**
+       \param is_fullscreen Tells is the fullscreen mode must be activated or not.
+       \param force_redraw Tells if the previous window content must be displayed as well.
+       \note
+       - When the fullscreen mode is enabled, the associated window fills the entire screen but the size of the
+       current display is not modified.
+       - The screen resolution may be switched to fit the associated window size and ensure it appears the largest
+       as possible.
+       For X-Window (X11) users, the configuration flag \c cimg_use_xrandr has to be set to allow the screen
+       resolution change (requires the X11 extensions to be enabled).
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& set_fullscreen(const bool is_fullscreen, const bool force_redraw=true) {
+      if (is_empty() || _is_fullscreen==is_fullscreen) return *this;
+      return toggle_fullscreen(force_redraw);
+    }
+
+#if cimg_display==0
+
+    //! Toggle fullscreen mode.
+    /**
+       \param force_redraw Tells if the previous window content must be displayed as well.
+       \note Enable fullscreen mode if it was not enabled, and disable it otherwise.
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& toggle_fullscreen(const bool force_redraw=true) {
+      return assign(_width,_height,0,3,force_redraw);
+    }
+
+    //! Show mouse pointer.
+    /**
+       \note Depending on the window manager behavior, this method may not succeed
+       (no exceptions are thrown nevertheless).
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& show_mouse() {
+      return assign();
+    }
+
+    //! Hide mouse pointer.
+    /**
+       \note Depending on the window manager behavior, this method may not succeed
+       (no exceptions are thrown nevertheless).
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& hide_mouse() {
+      return assign();
+    }
+
+    //! Move mouse pointer to a specified location.
+    /**
+       \note Depending on the window manager behavior, this method may not succeed
+       (no exceptions are thrown nevertheless).
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& set_mouse(const int pos_x, const int pos_y) {
+      return assign(pos_x,pos_y);
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+    //! Simulate a mouse button release event.
+    /**
+       \note All mouse buttons are considered released at the same time.
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& set_button() {
+      _button = 0;
+      _is_event = true;
+#if cimg_display==1
+      pthread_cond_broadcast(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event);
+#elif cimg_display==2
+      SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
+#endif
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Simulate a mouse button press or release event.
+    /**
+       \param button Buttons event code, where each button is associated to a single bit.
+       \param is_pressed Tells if the mouse button is considered as pressed or released.
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& set_button(const unsigned int button, const bool is_pressed=true) {
+      const unsigned int buttoncode = button==1?1:button==2?2:button==3?4:0;
+      if (is_pressed) _button |= buttoncode; else _button &= ~buttoncode;
+      _is_event = buttoncode?true:false;
+      if (buttoncode) {
+#if cimg_display==1
+        pthread_cond_broadcast(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event);
+#elif cimg_display==2
+        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
+#endif
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Flush all mouse wheel events.
+    /**
+       \note Make wheel() to return \c 0, if called afterwards.
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& set_wheel() {
+      _wheel = 0;
+      _is_event = true;
+#if cimg_display==1
+      pthread_cond_broadcast(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event);
+#elif cimg_display==2
+      SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
+#endif
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Simulate a wheel event.
+    /**
+       \param amplitude Amplitude of the wheel scrolling to simulate.
+       \note Make wheel() to return \c amplitude, if called afterwards.
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& set_wheel(const int amplitude) {
+      _wheel+=amplitude;
+      _is_event = amplitude?true:false;
+      if (amplitude) {
+#if cimg_display==1
+        pthread_cond_broadcast(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event);
+#elif cimg_display==2
+        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
+#endif
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Flush all key events.
+    /**
+       \note Make key() to return \c 0, if called afterwards.
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& set_key() {
+      std::memset((void*)_keys,0,sizeof(_keys));
+      std::memset((void*)_released_keys,0,sizeof(_released_keys));
+      _is_keyESC = _is_keyF1 = _is_keyF2 = _is_keyF3 = _is_keyF4 = _is_keyF5 = _is_keyF6 = _is_keyF7 = _is_keyF8 =
+        _is_keyF9 = _is_keyF10 = _is_keyF11 = _is_keyF12 = _is_keyPAUSE = _is_key1 = _is_key2 = _is_key3 = _is_key4 =
+        _is_key5 = _is_key6 = _is_key7 = _is_key8 = _is_key9 = _is_key0 = _is_keyBACKSPACE = _is_keyINSERT =
+        _is_keyHOME = _is_keyPAGEUP = _is_keyTAB = _is_keyQ = _is_keyW = _is_keyE = _is_keyR = _is_keyT = _is_keyY =
+        _is_keyU = _is_keyI = _is_keyO = _is_keyP = _is_keyDELETE = _is_keyEND = _is_keyPAGEDOWN = _is_keyCAPSLOCK =
+        _is_keyA = _is_keyS = _is_keyD = _is_keyF = _is_keyG = _is_keyH = _is_keyJ = _is_keyK = _is_keyL =
+        _is_keyENTER = _is_keySHIFTLEFT = _is_keyZ = _is_keyX = _is_keyC = _is_keyV = _is_keyB = _is_keyN =
+        _is_keyM = _is_keySHIFTRIGHT = _is_keyARROWUP = _is_keyCTRLLEFT = _is_keyAPPLEFT = _is_keyALT = _is_keySPACE =
+        _is_keyALTGR = _is_keyAPPRIGHT = _is_keyMENU = _is_keyCTRLRIGHT = _is_keyARROWLEFT = _is_keyARROWDOWN =
+        _is_keyARROWRIGHT = _is_keyPAD0 = _is_keyPAD1 = _is_keyPAD2 = _is_keyPAD3 = _is_keyPAD4 = _is_keyPAD5 =
+        _is_keyPAD6 = _is_keyPAD7 = _is_keyPAD8 = _is_keyPAD9 = _is_keyPADADD = _is_keyPADSUB = _is_keyPADMUL =
+        _is_keyPADDIV = false;
+      _is_event = true;
+#if cimg_display==1
+      pthread_cond_broadcast(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event);
+#elif cimg_display==2
+      SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
+#endif
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Simulate a keyboard press/release event.
+    /**
+       \param keycode Keycode of the associated key.
+       \param is_pressed Tells if the key is considered as pressed or released.
+       \note Keycode constants are defined in the cimg namespace and are architecture-dependent. Use them to ensure
+       your code stay portable (see cimg::keyESC).
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& set_key(const unsigned int keycode, const bool is_pressed=true) {
+#define _cimg_set_key(k) if (keycode==cimg::key##k) _is_key##k = is_pressed;
+      _cimg_set_key(ESC); _cimg_set_key(F1); _cimg_set_key(F2); _cimg_set_key(F3);
+      _cimg_set_key(F4); _cimg_set_key(F5); _cimg_set_key(F6); _cimg_set_key(F7);
+      _cimg_set_key(F8); _cimg_set_key(F9); _cimg_set_key(F10); _cimg_set_key(F11);
+      _cimg_set_key(F12); _cimg_set_key(PAUSE); _cimg_set_key(1); _cimg_set_key(2);
+      _cimg_set_key(3); _cimg_set_key(4); _cimg_set_key(5); _cimg_set_key(6);
+      _cimg_set_key(7); _cimg_set_key(8); _cimg_set_key(9); _cimg_set_key(0);
+      _cimg_set_key(BACKSPACE); _cimg_set_key(INSERT); _cimg_set_key(HOME);
+      _cimg_set_key(PAGEUP); _cimg_set_key(TAB); _cimg_set_key(Q); _cimg_set_key(W);
+      _cimg_set_key(E); _cimg_set_key(R); _cimg_set_key(T); _cimg_set_key(Y);
+      _cimg_set_key(U); _cimg_set_key(I); _cimg_set_key(O); _cimg_set_key(P);
+      _cimg_set_key(DELETE); _cimg_set_key(END); _cimg_set_key(PAGEDOWN);
+      _cimg_set_key(CAPSLOCK); _cimg_set_key(A); _cimg_set_key(S); _cimg_set_key(D);
+      _cimg_set_key(F); _cimg_set_key(G); _cimg_set_key(H); _cimg_set_key(J);
+      _cimg_set_key(K); _cimg_set_key(L); _cimg_set_key(ENTER);
+      _cimg_set_key(SHIFTLEFT); _cimg_set_key(Z); _cimg_set_key(X); _cimg_set_key(C);
+      _cimg_set_key(V); _cimg_set_key(B); _cimg_set_key(N); _cimg_set_key(M);
+      _cimg_set_key(SHIFTRIGHT); _cimg_set_key(ARROWUP); _cimg_set_key(CTRLLEFT);
+      _cimg_set_key(APPLEFT); _cimg_set_key(ALT); _cimg_set_key(SPACE); _cimg_set_key(ALTGR);
+      _cimg_set_key(APPRIGHT); _cimg_set_key(MENU); _cimg_set_key(CTRLRIGHT);
+      _cimg_set_key(ARROWLEFT); _cimg_set_key(ARROWDOWN); _cimg_set_key(ARROWRIGHT);
+      _cimg_set_key(PAD0); _cimg_set_key(PAD1); _cimg_set_key(PAD2);
+      _cimg_set_key(PAD3); _cimg_set_key(PAD4); _cimg_set_key(PAD5);
+      _cimg_set_key(PAD6); _cimg_set_key(PAD7); _cimg_set_key(PAD8);
+      _cimg_set_key(PAD9); _cimg_set_key(PADADD); _cimg_set_key(PADSUB);
+      _cimg_set_key(PADMUL); _cimg_set_key(PADDIV);
+      if (is_pressed) {
+        if (*_keys)
+          std::memmove((void*)(_keys+1),(void*)_keys,sizeof(_keys) - sizeof(unsigned int));
+        *_keys = keycode;
+        if (*_released_keys) {
+          std::memmove((void*)(_released_keys+1),(void*)_released_keys,sizeof(_released_keys) - sizeof(unsigned int));
+          *_released_keys = 0;
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (*_keys) {
+          std::memmove((void*)(_keys+1),(void*)_keys,sizeof(_keys) - sizeof(unsigned int));
+          *_keys = 0;
+        }
+        if (*_released_keys)
+          std::memmove((void*)(_released_keys+1),(void*)_released_keys,sizeof(_released_keys) - sizeof(unsigned int));
+        *_released_keys = keycode;
+      }
+      _is_event = keycode?true:false;
+      if (keycode) {
+#if cimg_display==1
+        pthread_cond_broadcast(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event);
+#elif cimg_display==2
+        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
+#endif
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Flush all display events.
+    /**
+       \note Remove all passed events from the current display.
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& flush() {
+      set_key().set_button().set_wheel();
+      _is_resized = _is_moved = _is_event = false;
+      _fps_timer = _fps_frames = _timer = 0;
+      _fps_fps = 0;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Wait for any user event occuring on the current display.
+    CImgDisplay& wait() {
+      wait(*this);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Wait for a given number of milliseconds since the last call to wait().
+    /**
+       \param milliseconds Number of milliseconds to wait for.
+       \note Similar to cimg::wait().
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& wait(const unsigned int milliseconds) {
+      cimg::_wait(milliseconds,_timer);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Wait for any event occuring on the display \c disp1.
+    static void wait(CImgDisplay& disp1) {
+      disp1._is_event = false;
+      while (!disp1._is_closed && !disp1._is_event) wait_all();
+    }
+
+    //! Wait for any event occuring either on the display \c disp1 or \c disp2.
+    static void wait(CImgDisplay& disp1, CImgDisplay& disp2) {
+      disp1._is_event = disp2._is_event = false;
+      while ((!disp1._is_closed || !disp2._is_closed) &&
+             !disp1._is_event && !disp2._is_event) wait_all();
+    }
+
+    //! Wait for any event occuring either on the display \c disp1, \c disp2 or \c disp3.
+    static void wait(CImgDisplay& disp1, CImgDisplay& disp2, CImgDisplay& disp3) {
+      disp1._is_event = disp2._is_event = disp3._is_event = false;
+      while ((!disp1._is_closed || !disp2._is_closed || !disp3._is_closed) &&
+             !disp1._is_event && !disp2._is_event && !disp3._is_event) wait_all();
+    }
+
+    //! Wait for any event occuring either on the display \c disp1, \c disp2, \c disp3 or \c disp4.
+    static void wait(CImgDisplay& disp1, CImgDisplay& disp2, CImgDisplay& disp3, CImgDisplay& disp4) {
+      disp1._is_event = disp2._is_event = disp3._is_event = disp4._is_event = false;
+      while ((!disp1._is_closed || !disp2._is_closed || !disp3._is_closed || !disp4._is_closed) &&
+             !disp1._is_event && !disp2._is_event && !disp3._is_event && !disp4._is_event) wait_all();
+    }
+
+    //! Wait for any event occuring either on the display \c disp1, \c disp2, \c disp3, \c disp4 or \c disp5.
+    static void wait(CImgDisplay& disp1, CImgDisplay& disp2, CImgDisplay& disp3, CImgDisplay& disp4,
+                     CImgDisplay& disp5) {
+      disp1._is_event = disp2._is_event = disp3._is_event = disp4._is_event = disp5._is_event = false;
+      while ((!disp1._is_closed || !disp2._is_closed || !disp3._is_closed || !disp4._is_closed || !disp5._is_closed) &&
+             !disp1._is_event && !disp2._is_event && !disp3._is_event && !disp4._is_event && !disp5._is_event)
+        wait_all();
+    }
+
+    //! Wait for any event occuring either on the display \c disp1, \c disp2, \c disp3, \c disp4, ... \c disp6.
+    static void wait(CImgDisplay& disp1, CImgDisplay& disp2, CImgDisplay& disp3, CImgDisplay& disp4, CImgDisplay& disp5,
+                     CImgDisplay& disp6) {
+      disp1._is_event = disp2._is_event = disp3._is_event = disp4._is_event = disp5._is_event =
+        disp6._is_event = false;
+      while ((!disp1._is_closed || !disp2._is_closed || !disp3._is_closed || !disp4._is_closed || !disp5._is_closed ||
+              !disp6._is_closed) &&
+             !disp1._is_event && !disp2._is_event && !disp3._is_event && !disp4._is_event && !disp5._is_event &&
+             !disp6._is_event) wait_all();
+    }
+
+    //! Wait for any event occuring either on the display \c disp1, \c disp2, \c disp3, \c disp4, ... \c disp7.
+    static void wait(CImgDisplay& disp1, CImgDisplay& disp2, CImgDisplay& disp3, CImgDisplay& disp4, CImgDisplay& disp5,
+                     CImgDisplay& disp6, CImgDisplay& disp7) {
+      disp1._is_event = disp2._is_event = disp3._is_event = disp4._is_event = disp5._is_event =
+        disp6._is_event = disp7._is_event = false;
+      while ((!disp1._is_closed || !disp2._is_closed || !disp3._is_closed || !disp4._is_closed || !disp5._is_closed ||
+              !disp6._is_closed || !disp7._is_closed) &&
+             !disp1._is_event && !disp2._is_event && !disp3._is_event && !disp4._is_event && !disp5._is_event &&
+             !disp6._is_event && !disp7._is_event) wait_all();
+    }
+
+    //! Wait for any event occuring either on the display \c disp1, \c disp2, \c disp3, \c disp4, ... \c disp8.
+    static void wait(CImgDisplay& disp1, CImgDisplay& disp2, CImgDisplay& disp3, CImgDisplay& disp4, CImgDisplay& disp5,
+                     CImgDisplay& disp6, CImgDisplay& disp7, CImgDisplay& disp8) {
+      disp1._is_event = disp2._is_event = disp3._is_event = disp4._is_event = disp5._is_event =
+        disp6._is_event = disp7._is_event = disp8._is_event = false;
+      while ((!disp1._is_closed || !disp2._is_closed || !disp3._is_closed || !disp4._is_closed || !disp5._is_closed ||
+              !disp6._is_closed || !disp7._is_closed || !disp8._is_closed) &&
+             !disp1._is_event && !disp2._is_event && !disp3._is_event && !disp4._is_event && !disp5._is_event &&
+             !disp6._is_event && !disp7._is_event && !disp8._is_event) wait_all();
+    }
+
+    //! Wait for any event occuring either on the display \c disp1, \c disp2, \c disp3, \c disp4, ... \c disp9.
+    static void wait(CImgDisplay& disp1, CImgDisplay& disp2, CImgDisplay& disp3, CImgDisplay& disp4, CImgDisplay& disp5,
+                     CImgDisplay& disp6, CImgDisplay& disp7, CImgDisplay& disp8, CImgDisplay& disp9) {
+      disp1._is_event = disp2._is_event = disp3._is_event = disp4._is_event = disp5._is_event =
+        disp6._is_event = disp7._is_event = disp8._is_event = disp9._is_event = false;
+      while ((!disp1._is_closed || !disp2._is_closed || !disp3._is_closed || !disp4._is_closed || !disp5._is_closed ||
+              !disp6._is_closed || !disp7._is_closed || !disp8._is_closed || !disp9._is_closed) &&
+             !disp1._is_event && !disp2._is_event && !disp3._is_event && !disp4._is_event && !disp5._is_event &&
+             !disp6._is_event && !disp7._is_event && !disp8._is_event && !disp9._is_event) wait_all();
+    }
+
+    //! Wait for any event occuring either on the display \c disp1, \c disp2, \c disp3, \c disp4, ... \c disp10.
+    static void wait(CImgDisplay& disp1, CImgDisplay& disp2, CImgDisplay& disp3, CImgDisplay& disp4, CImgDisplay& disp5,
+                     CImgDisplay& disp6, CImgDisplay& disp7, CImgDisplay& disp8, CImgDisplay& disp9,
+                     CImgDisplay& disp10) {
+      disp1._is_event = disp2._is_event = disp3._is_event = disp4._is_event = disp5._is_event =
+        disp6._is_event = disp7._is_event = disp8._is_event = disp9._is_event = disp10._is_event = false;
+      while ((!disp1._is_closed || !disp2._is_closed || !disp3._is_closed || !disp4._is_closed || !disp5._is_closed ||
+              !disp6._is_closed || !disp7._is_closed || !disp8._is_closed || !disp9._is_closed || !disp10._is_closed) &&
+             !disp1._is_event && !disp2._is_event && !disp3._is_event && !disp4._is_event && !disp5._is_event &&
+             !disp6._is_event && !disp7._is_event && !disp8._is_event && !disp9._is_event && !disp10._is_event)
+        wait_all();
+    }
+
+#if cimg_display==0
+
+    //! Wait for any window event occuring in any opened CImgDisplay.
+    static void wait_all() {
+      return _no_display_exception();
+    }
+
+    //! Render image into internal display buffer.
+    /**
+       \param img Input image data to render.
+       \note
+       - Convert image data representation into the internal display buffer (architecture-dependent structure).
+       - The content of the associated window is not modified, until paint() is called.
+       - Should not be used for common CImgDisplay uses, since display() is more useful.
+    **/
+    template<typename T>
+    CImgDisplay& render(const CImg<T>& img) {
+      return assign(img);
+    }
+
+    //! Paint internal display buffer on associated window.
+    /**
+       \note
+       - Update the content of the associated window with the internal display buffer, e.g. after a render() call.
+       - Should not be used for common CImgDisplay uses, since display() is more useful.
+    **/
+    CImgDisplay& paint() {
+      return assign();
+    }
+
+    //! Take a snapshot of the associated window content.
+    /**
+       \param[out] img Output snapshot. Can be empty on input.
+    **/
+    template<typename T>
+    const CImgDisplay& snapshot(CImg<T>& img) const {
+      cimg::unused(img);
+      _no_display_exception();
+      return *this;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // X11-based implementation
+    //--------------------------
+#if cimg_display==1
+
+    Atom _wm_window_atom, _wm_protocol_atom;
+    Window _window, _background_window;
+    Colormap _colormap;
+    XImage *_image;
+    void *_data;
+#ifdef cimg_use_xshm
+    XShmSegmentInfo *_shminfo;
+#endif
+
+    static int screen_width() {
+      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
+      int res = 0;
+      if (!dpy) {
+        Display *const _dpy = XOpenDisplay(0);
+        if (!_dpy)
+          throw CImgDisplayException("CImgDisplay::screen_width(): Failed to open X11 display.");
+        res = DisplayWidth(_dpy,DefaultScreen(_dpy));
+        XCloseDisplay(_dpy);
+      } else {
+#ifdef cimg_use_xrandr
+        if (cimg::X11_attr().resolutions && cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution)
+          res = cimg::X11_attr().resolutions[cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution].width;
+        else res = DisplayWidth(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy));
+#else
+        res = DisplayWidth(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy));
+#endif
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    static int screen_height() {
+      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
+      int res = 0;
+      if (!dpy) {
+        Display *const _dpy = XOpenDisplay(0);
+        if (!_dpy)
+          throw CImgDisplayException("CImgDisplay::screen_height(): Failed to open X11 display.");
+        res = DisplayHeight(_dpy,DefaultScreen(_dpy));
+        XCloseDisplay(_dpy);
+      } else {
+#ifdef cimg_use_xrandr
+        if (cimg::X11_attr().resolutions && cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution)
+          res = cimg::X11_attr().resolutions[cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution].height;
+        else res = DisplayHeight(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy));
+#else
+        res = DisplayHeight(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy));
+#endif
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    static void wait_all() {
+      if (!cimg::X11_attr().display) return;
+      if (cimg::mutex(13,2)) { cimg::sleep(10); return; }
+      pthread_cond_wait(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event,&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event_mutex);
+      cimg::mutex(13,0);
+    }
+
+    void _handle_events(const XEvent *const pevent) {
+      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
+      XEvent event = *pevent;
+      switch (event.type) {
+      case ClientMessage : {
+        if ((int)event.xclient.message_type==(int)_wm_protocol_atom &&
+            (int)event.xclient.data.l[0]==(int)_wm_window_atom) {
+          XUnmapWindow(cimg::X11_attr().display,_window);
+          _is_closed = _is_event = true;
+          pthread_cond_broadcast(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event);
+        }
+      } break;
+      case ConfigureNotify : {
+        while (XCheckWindowEvent(dpy,_window,StructureNotifyMask,&event)) {}
+        const unsigned int nw = event.xconfigure.width, nh = event.xconfigure.height;
+        const int nx = event.xconfigure.x, ny = event.xconfigure.y;
+        if (nw && nh && (nw!=_window_width || nh!=_window_height)) {
+          _window_width = nw; _window_height = nh; _mouse_x = _mouse_y = -1;
+          XResizeWindow(dpy,_window,_window_width,_window_height);
+          _is_resized = _is_event = true;
+          pthread_cond_broadcast(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event);
+        }
+        if (nx!=_window_x || ny!=_window_y) {
+          _window_x = nx; _window_y = ny; _is_moved = _is_event = true;
+          pthread_cond_broadcast(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event);
+        }
+      } break;
+      case Expose : {
+        while (XCheckWindowEvent(dpy,_window,ExposureMask,&event)) {}
+        _paint(false);
+        if (_is_fullscreen) {
+          XWindowAttributes attr;
+          XGetWindowAttributes(dpy,_window,&attr);
+          while (attr.map_state!=IsViewable) XSync(dpy,0);
+          XSetInputFocus(dpy,_window,RevertToParent,CurrentTime);
+        }
+      } break;
+      case ButtonPress : {
+        do {
+          _mouse_x = event.xmotion.x; _mouse_y = event.xmotion.y;
+          if (_mouse_x<0 || _mouse_y<0 || _mouse_x>=width() || _mouse_y>=height()) _mouse_x = _mouse_y = -1;
+          switch (event.xbutton.button) {
+          case 1 : set_button(1); break;
+          case 3 : set_button(2); break;
+          case 2 : set_button(3); break;
+          }
+        } while (XCheckWindowEvent(dpy,_window,ButtonPressMask,&event));
+      } break;
+      case ButtonRelease : {
+        do {
+          _mouse_x = event.xmotion.x; _mouse_y = event.xmotion.y;
+          if (_mouse_x<0 || _mouse_y<0 || _mouse_x>=width() || _mouse_y>=height()) _mouse_x = _mouse_y = -1;
+          switch (event.xbutton.button) {
+          case 1 : set_button(1,false); break;
+          case 3 : set_button(2,false); break;
+          case 2 : set_button(3,false); break;
+          case 4 : set_wheel(1); break;
+          case 5 : set_wheel(-1); break;
+          }
+        } while (XCheckWindowEvent(dpy,_window,ButtonReleaseMask,&event));
+      } break;
+      case KeyPress : {
+        char tmp = 0; KeySym ksym;
+        XLookupString(&event.xkey,&tmp,1,&ksym,0);
+        set_key((unsigned int)ksym,true);
+      } break;
+      case KeyRelease : {
+        char keys_return[32];  // Check that the key has been physically unpressed.
+        XQueryKeymap(dpy,keys_return);
+        const unsigned int kc = event.xkey.keycode, kc1 = kc/8, kc2 = kc%8;
+        const bool is_key_pressed = kc1>=32?false:(keys_return[kc1]>>kc2)&1;
+        if (!is_key_pressed) {
+          char tmp = 0; KeySym ksym;
+          XLookupString(&event.xkey,&tmp,1,&ksym,0);
+          set_key((unsigned int)ksym,false);
+        }
+      } break;
+      case EnterNotify: {
+        while (XCheckWindowEvent(dpy,_window,EnterWindowMask,&event)) {}
+        _mouse_x = event.xmotion.x;
+        _mouse_y = event.xmotion.y;
+        if (_mouse_x<0 || _mouse_y<0 || _mouse_x>=width() || _mouse_y>=height()) _mouse_x = _mouse_y = -1;
+      } break;
+      case LeaveNotify : {
+        while (XCheckWindowEvent(dpy,_window,LeaveWindowMask,&event)) {}
+        _mouse_x = _mouse_y =-1; _is_event = true;
+        pthread_cond_broadcast(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event);
+      } break;
+      case MotionNotify : {
+        while (XCheckWindowEvent(dpy,_window,PointerMotionMask,&event)) {}
+        _mouse_x = event.xmotion.x;
+        _mouse_y = event.xmotion.y;
+        if (_mouse_x<0 || _mouse_y<0 || _mouse_x>=width() || _mouse_y>=height()) _mouse_x = _mouse_y = -1;
+        _is_event = true;
+        pthread_cond_broadcast(&cimg::X11_attr().wait_event);
+      } break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    static void* _events_thread(void *arg) { // Thread to manage events for all opened display windows.
+      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
+      XEvent event;
+      pthread_setcanceltype(PTHREAD_CANCEL_DEFERRED,0);
+      pthread_setcancelstate(PTHREAD_CANCEL_ENABLE,0);
+      if (!arg) for (;;) {
+        XLockDisplay(dpy);
+        bool event_flag = XCheckTypedEvent(dpy,ClientMessage,&event);
+        if (!event_flag) event_flag = XCheckMaskEvent(dpy,
+                                                      ExposureMask | StructureNotifyMask | ButtonPressMask |
+                                                      KeyPressMask | PointerMotionMask | EnterWindowMask |
+                                                      LeaveWindowMask | ButtonReleaseMask | KeyReleaseMask,&event);
+        if (event_flag)
+          for (unsigned int i = 0; i<cimg::X11_attr().nb_wins; ++i)
+            if (!cimg::X11_attr().wins[i]->_is_closed && event.xany.window==cimg::X11_attr().wins[i]->_window)
+              cimg::X11_attr().wins[i]->_handle_events(&event);
+        XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
+        pthread_testcancel();
+        cimg::sleep(8);
+      }
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    void _set_colormap(Colormap& _colormap, const unsigned int dim) {
+      XColor colormap[256];
+      switch (dim) {
+      case 1 : { // colormap for greyscale images
+        for (unsigned int index = 0; index<256; ++index) {
+          colormap[index].pixel = index;
+          colormap[index].red = colormap[index].green = colormap[index].blue = (unsigned short)(index<<8);
+          colormap[index].flags = DoRed | DoGreen | DoBlue;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 2 : { // colormap for RG images
+        for (unsigned int index = 0, r = 8; r<256; r+=16)
+          for (unsigned int g = 8; g<256; g+=16) {
+            colormap[index].pixel = index;
+            colormap[index].red = colormap[index].blue = (unsigned short)(r<<8);
+            colormap[index].green = (unsigned short)(g<<8);
+            colormap[index++].flags = DoRed | DoGreen | DoBlue;
+          }
+      } break;
+      default : { // colormap for RGB images
+        for (unsigned int index = 0, r = 16; r<256; r+=32)
+          for (unsigned int g = 16; g<256; g+=32)
+            for (unsigned int b = 32; b<256; b+=64) {
+              colormap[index].pixel = index;
+              colormap[index].red = (unsigned short)(r<<8);
+              colormap[index].green = (unsigned short)(g<<8);
+              colormap[index].blue = (unsigned short)(b<<8);
+              colormap[index++].flags = DoRed | DoGreen | DoBlue;
+            }
+      }
+      }
+      XStoreColors(cimg::X11_attr().display,_colormap,colormap,256);
+    }
+
+    void _map_window() {
+      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
+      bool is_exposed = false, is_mapped = false;
+      XWindowAttributes attr;
+      XEvent event;
+      XMapRaised(dpy,_window);
+      do { // Wait for the window to be mapped.
+        XWindowEvent(dpy,_window,StructureNotifyMask | ExposureMask,&event);
+        switch (event.type) {
+        case MapNotify : is_mapped = true; break;
+        case Expose : is_exposed = true; break;
+        }
+      } while (!is_exposed || !is_mapped);
+      do { // Wait for the window to be visible.
+        XGetWindowAttributes(dpy,_window,&attr);
+        if (attr.map_state!=IsViewable) { XSync(dpy,0); cimg::sleep(10); }
+      } while (attr.map_state!=IsViewable);
+      _window_x = attr.x;
+      _window_y = attr.y;
+    }
+
+    void _paint(const bool wait_expose=true) {
+      if (_is_closed || !_image) return;
+      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
+      if (wait_expose) { // Send an expose event sticked to display window to force repaint.
+        XEvent event;
+        event.xexpose.type = Expose;
+        event.xexpose.serial = 0;
+        event.xexpose.send_event = 1;
+        event.xexpose.display = dpy;
+        event.xexpose.window = _window;
+        event.xexpose.x = 0;
+        event.xexpose.y = 0;
+        event.xexpose.width = width();
+        event.xexpose.height = height();
+        event.xexpose.count = 0;
+        XSendEvent(dpy,_window,0,0,&event);
+      } else { // Repaint directly (may be called from the expose event).
+        GC gc = DefaultGC(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy));
+#ifdef cimg_use_xshm
+        if (_shminfo) XShmPutImage(dpy,_window,gc,_image,0,0,0,0,_width,_height,1);
+        else XPutImage(dpy,_window,gc,_image,0,0,0,0,_width,_height);
+#else
+        XPutImage(dpy,_window,gc,_image,0,0,0,0,_width,_height);
+#endif
+      }
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    void _resize(T pixel_type, const unsigned int ndimx, const unsigned int ndimy, const bool force_redraw) {
+      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
+      cimg::unused(pixel_type);
+
+#ifdef cimg_use_xshm
+      if (_shminfo) {
+        XShmSegmentInfo *const nshminfo = new XShmSegmentInfo;
+        XImage *const nimage = XShmCreateImage(dpy,DefaultVisual(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy)),
+                                               cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits,ZPixmap,0,nshminfo,ndimx,ndimy);
+        if (!nimage) { delete nshminfo; return; }
+        else {
+          nshminfo->shmid = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE,ndimx*ndimy*sizeof(T),IPC_CREAT | 0777);
+          if (nshminfo->shmid==-1) { XDestroyImage(nimage); delete nshminfo; return; }
+          else {
+            nshminfo->shmaddr = nimage->data = (char*)shmat(nshminfo->shmid,0,0);
+            if (nshminfo->shmaddr==(char*)-1) {
+              shmctl(nshminfo->shmid,IPC_RMID,0); XDestroyImage(nimage); delete nshminfo; return;
+            } else {
+              nshminfo->readOnly = 0;
+              cimg::X11_attr().is_shm_enabled = true;
+              XErrorHandler oldXErrorHandler = XSetErrorHandler(_assign_xshm);
+              XShmAttach(dpy,nshminfo);
+              XFlush(dpy);
+              XSetErrorHandler(oldXErrorHandler);
+              if (!cimg::X11_attr().is_shm_enabled) {
+                shmdt(nshminfo->shmaddr);
+                shmctl(nshminfo->shmid,IPC_RMID,0);
+                XDestroyImage(nimage);
+                delete nshminfo;
+                return;
+              } else {
+                T *const ndata = (T*)nimage->data;
+                if (force_redraw) _render_resize((T*)_data,_width,_height,ndata,ndimx,ndimy);
+                else std::memset(ndata,0,sizeof(T)*ndimx*ndimy);
+                XShmDetach(dpy,_shminfo);
+                XDestroyImage(_image);
+                shmdt(_shminfo->shmaddr);
+                shmctl(_shminfo->shmid,IPC_RMID,0);
+                delete _shminfo;
+                _shminfo = nshminfo;
+                _image = nimage;
+                _data = (void*)ndata;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      } else
+#endif
+        {
+          T *ndata = (T*)std::malloc(ndimx*ndimy*sizeof(T));
+          if (force_redraw) _render_resize((T*)_data,_width,_height,ndata,ndimx,ndimy);
+          else std::memset(ndata,0,sizeof(T)*ndimx*ndimy);
+          _data = (void*)ndata;
+          XDestroyImage(_image);
+          _image = XCreateImage(dpy,DefaultVisual(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy)),
+                                cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits,ZPixmap,0,(char*)_data,ndimx,ndimy,8,0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void _init_fullscreen() {
+      if (!_is_fullscreen || _is_closed) return;
+      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
+      _background_window = 0;
+
+#ifdef cimg_use_xrandr
+      int foo;
+      if (XRRQueryExtension(dpy,&foo,&foo)) {
+        XRRRotations(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy),&cimg::X11_attr().curr_rotation);
+        if (!cimg::X11_attr().resolutions) {
+          cimg::X11_attr().resolutions = XRRSizes(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy),&foo);
+          cimg::X11_attr().nb_resolutions = (unsigned int)foo;
+        }
+        if (cimg::X11_attr().resolutions) {
+          cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution = 0;
+          for (unsigned int i = 0; i<cimg::X11_attr().nb_resolutions; ++i) {
+            const unsigned int
+              nw = (unsigned int)(cimg::X11_attr().resolutions[i].width),
+              nh = (unsigned int)(cimg::X11_attr().resolutions[i].height);
+            if (nw>=_width && nh>=_height &&
+                nw<=(unsigned int)(cimg::X11_attr().resolutions[cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution].width) &&
+                nh<=(unsigned int)(cimg::X11_attr().resolutions[cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution].height))
+              cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution = i;
+          }
+          if (cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution>0) {
+            XRRScreenConfiguration *config = XRRGetScreenInfo(dpy,DefaultRootWindow(dpy));
+            XRRSetScreenConfig(dpy,config,DefaultRootWindow(dpy),
+                               cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution,cimg::X11_attr().curr_rotation,CurrentTime);
+            XRRFreeScreenConfigInfo(config);
+            XSync(dpy,0);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (!cimg::X11_attr().resolutions)
+        cimg::warn(_cimgdisplay_instance
+                   "init_fullscreen(): Xrandr extension not supported by the X server.",
+                   cimgdisplay_instance);
+#endif
+
+      const unsigned int sx = screen_width(), sy = screen_height();
+      if (sx==_width && sy==_height) return;
+      XSetWindowAttributes winattr;
+      winattr.override_redirect = 1;
+      _background_window = XCreateWindow(dpy,DefaultRootWindow(dpy),0,0,sx,sy,0,0,
+                                         InputOutput,CopyFromParent,CWOverrideRedirect,&winattr);
+      const unsigned long buf_size = (unsigned long)sx*sy*(cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==8?1:
+                                                           (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==16?2:4));
+      void *background_data = std::malloc(buf_size);
+      std::memset(background_data,0,buf_size);
+      XImage *background_image = XCreateImage(dpy,DefaultVisual(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy)),cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits,
+                                              ZPixmap,0,(char*)background_data,sx,sy,8,0);
+      XEvent event;
+      XSelectInput(dpy,_background_window,StructureNotifyMask);
+      XMapRaised(dpy,_background_window);
+      do XWindowEvent(dpy,_background_window,StructureNotifyMask,&event);
+      while (event.type!=MapNotify);
+      GC gc = DefaultGC(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy));
+#ifdef cimg_use_xshm
+      if (_shminfo) XShmPutImage(dpy,_background_window,gc,background_image,0,0,0,0,sx,sy,0);
+      else XPutImage(dpy,_background_window,gc,background_image,0,0,0,0,sx,sy);
+#else
+      XPutImage(dpy,_background_window,gc,background_image,0,0,0,0,sx,sy);
+#endif
+      XWindowAttributes attr;
+      XGetWindowAttributes(dpy,_background_window,&attr);
+      while (attr.map_state!=IsViewable) XSync(dpy,0);
+      XDestroyImage(background_image);
+    }
+
+    void _desinit_fullscreen() {
+      if (!_is_fullscreen) return;
+      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
+      XUngrabKeyboard(dpy,CurrentTime);
+#ifdef cimg_use_xrandr
+      if (cimg::X11_attr().resolutions && cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution) {
+        XRRScreenConfiguration *config = XRRGetScreenInfo(dpy,DefaultRootWindow(dpy));
+        XRRSetScreenConfig(dpy,config,DefaultRootWindow(dpy),0,cimg::X11_attr().curr_rotation,CurrentTime);
+        XRRFreeScreenConfigInfo(config);
+        XSync(dpy,0);
+        cimg::X11_attr().curr_resolution = 0;
+      }
+#endif
+      if (_background_window) XDestroyWindow(dpy,_background_window);
+      _background_window = 0;
+      _is_fullscreen = false;
+    }
+
+    static int _assign_xshm(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *error) {
+      cimg::unused(dpy,error);
+      cimg::X11_attr().is_shm_enabled = false;
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    void _assign(const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh, const char *const ptitle=0,
+                 const unsigned int normalization_type=3,
+                 const bool fullscreen_flag=false, const bool closed_flag=false) {
+      cimg::mutex(14);
+
+      // Allocate space for window title
+      const char *const nptitle = ptitle?ptitle:"";
+      const unsigned int s = std::strlen(nptitle) + 1;
+      char *const tmp_title = s?new char[s]:0;
+      if (s) std::memcpy(tmp_title,nptitle,s*sizeof(char));
+
+      // Destroy previous display window if existing
+      if (!is_empty()) assign();
+
+      // Open X11 display and retrieve graphical properties.
+      Display* &dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
+      if (!dpy) {
+        dpy = XOpenDisplay(0);
+        if (!dpy)
+          throw CImgDisplayException(_cimgdisplay_instance
+                                     "assign(): Failed to open X11 display.",
+                                     cimgdisplay_instance);
+
+        cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits = DefaultDepth(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy));
+        if (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits!=8 && cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits!=16 &&
+            cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits!=24 && cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits!=32)
+          throw CImgDisplayException(_cimgdisplay_instance
+                                     "assign(): Invalid %u bits screen mode detected "
+                                     "(only 8, 16, 24 and 32 bits modes are managed).",
+                                     cimgdisplay_instance,
+                                     cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits);
+        XVisualInfo vtemplate;
+        vtemplate.visualid = XVisualIDFromVisual(DefaultVisual(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy)));
+        int nb_visuals;
+        XVisualInfo *vinfo = XGetVisualInfo(dpy,VisualIDMask,&vtemplate,&nb_visuals);
+        if (vinfo && vinfo->red_mask<vinfo->blue_mask) cimg::X11_attr().is_blue_first = true;
+        cimg::X11_attr().byte_order = ImageByteOrder(dpy);
+	XFree(vinfo);
+
+        XLockDisplay(dpy);
+        cimg::X11_attr().events_thread = new pthread_t;
+        pthread_create(cimg::X11_attr().events_thread,0,_events_thread,0);
+      } else XLockDisplay(dpy);
+
+      // Set display variables.
+      _width = cimg::min(dimw,(unsigned int)screen_width());
+      _height = cimg::min(dimh,(unsigned int)screen_height());
+      _normalization = normalization_type<4?normalization_type:3;
+      _is_fullscreen = fullscreen_flag;
+      _window_x = _window_y = 0;
+      _is_closed = closed_flag;
+      _title = tmp_title;
+      flush();
+
+      // Create X11 window (and LUT, if 8bits display)
+      if (_is_fullscreen) {
+        if (!_is_closed) _init_fullscreen();
+        const unsigned int sx = screen_width(), sy = screen_height();
+        XSetWindowAttributes winattr;
+        winattr.override_redirect = 1;
+        _window = XCreateWindow(dpy,DefaultRootWindow(dpy),(sx-_width)/2,(sy-_height)/2,_width,_height,0,0,
+                                InputOutput,CopyFromParent,CWOverrideRedirect,&winattr);
+      } else
+        _window = XCreateSimpleWindow(dpy,DefaultRootWindow(dpy),0,0,_width,_height,0,0L,0L);
+
+      XSelectInput(dpy,_window,
+		   ExposureMask | StructureNotifyMask | ButtonPressMask | KeyPressMask | PointerMotionMask |
+		   EnterWindowMask | LeaveWindowMask | ButtonReleaseMask | KeyReleaseMask);
+
+      XStoreName(dpy,_window,_title?_title:" ");
+      if (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==8) {
+        _colormap = XCreateColormap(dpy,_window,DefaultVisual(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy)),AllocAll);
+        _set_colormap(_colormap,3);
+        XSetWindowColormap(dpy,_window,_colormap);
+      }
+
+      static const char *const _window_class = cimg_appname;
+      XClassHint *const window_class = XAllocClassHint();
+      window_class->res_name = (char*)_window_class;
+      window_class->res_class = (char*)_window_class;
+      XSetClassHint(dpy,_window,window_class);
+      XFree(window_class);
+
+      _window_width = _width;
+      _window_height = _height;
+
+      // Create XImage
+#ifdef cimg_use_xshm
+      _shminfo = 0;
+      if (XShmQueryExtension(dpy)) {
+        _shminfo = new XShmSegmentInfo;
+        _image = XShmCreateImage(dpy,DefaultVisual(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy)),cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits,
+                                 ZPixmap,0,_shminfo,_width,_height);
+        if (!_image) { delete _shminfo; _shminfo = 0; }
+        else {
+          _shminfo->shmid = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE,_image->bytes_per_line*_image->height,IPC_CREAT|0777);
+          if (_shminfo->shmid==-1) { XDestroyImage(_image); delete _shminfo; _shminfo = 0; }
+          else {
+            _shminfo->shmaddr = _image->data = (char*)(_data = shmat(_shminfo->shmid,0,0));
+            if (_shminfo->shmaddr==(char*)-1) {
+              shmctl(_shminfo->shmid,IPC_RMID,0); XDestroyImage(_image); delete _shminfo; _shminfo = 0;
+            } else {
+              _shminfo->readOnly = 0;
+              cimg::X11_attr().is_shm_enabled = true;
+              XErrorHandler oldXErrorHandler = XSetErrorHandler(_assign_xshm);
+              XShmAttach(dpy,_shminfo);
+              XSync(dpy,0);
+              XSetErrorHandler(oldXErrorHandler);
+              if (!cimg::X11_attr().is_shm_enabled) {
+                shmdt(_shminfo->shmaddr); shmctl(_shminfo->shmid,IPC_RMID,0); XDestroyImage(_image);
+                delete _shminfo; _shminfo = 0;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (!_shminfo)
+#endif
+        {
+          const unsigned long buf_size = (unsigned long)_width*_height*(cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==8?1:
+                                                                        (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==16?2:4));
+          _data = std::malloc(buf_size);
+          _image = XCreateImage(dpy,DefaultVisual(dpy,DefaultScreen(dpy)),cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits,
+                                ZPixmap,0,(char*)_data,_width,_height,8,0);
+        }
+
+      _wm_window_atom = XInternAtom(dpy,"WM_DELETE_WINDOW",0);
+      _wm_protocol_atom = XInternAtom(dpy,"WM_PROTOCOLS",0);
+      XSetWMProtocols(dpy,_window,&_wm_window_atom,1);
+
+      if (_is_fullscreen) XGrabKeyboard(dpy,_window,1,GrabModeAsync,GrabModeAsync,CurrentTime);
+      cimg::X11_attr().wins[cimg::X11_attr().nb_wins++]=this;
+      if (!_is_closed) _map_window(); else { _window_x = _window_y = cimg::type<int>::min(); }
+      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
+      cimg::mutex(14,0);
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& assign() {
+      if (is_empty()) return flush();
+      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
+      XLockDisplay(dpy);
+
+      // Remove display window from event thread list.
+      unsigned int i;
+      for (i = 0; i<cimg::X11_attr().nb_wins && cimg::X11_attr().wins[i]!=this; ++i) {}
+      for (; i<cimg::X11_attr().nb_wins-1; ++i) cimg::X11_attr().wins[i] = cimg::X11_attr().wins[i+1];
+      --cimg::X11_attr().nb_wins;
+
+      // Destroy window, image, colormap and title.
+      if (_is_fullscreen && !_is_closed) _desinit_fullscreen();
+      XDestroyWindow(dpy,_window);
+      _window = 0;
+#ifdef cimg_use_xshm
+      if (_shminfo) {
+        XShmDetach(dpy,_shminfo);
+        XDestroyImage(_image);
+        shmdt(_shminfo->shmaddr);
+        shmctl(_shminfo->shmid,IPC_RMID,0);
+        delete _shminfo;
+        _shminfo = 0;
+      } else
+#endif
+        XDestroyImage(_image);
+      _data = 0; _image = 0;
+      if (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==8) XFreeColormap(dpy,_colormap);
+      _colormap = 0;
+      XSync(dpy,0);
+
+      // Reset display variables.
+      delete[] _title;
+      _width = _height = _normalization = _window_width = _window_height = 0;
+      _window_x = _window_y = 0;
+      _is_fullscreen = false;
+      _is_closed = true;
+      _min = _max = 0;
+      _title = 0;
+      flush();
+
+      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& assign(const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh, const char *const title=0,
+                        const unsigned int normalization_type=3,
+                        const bool fullscreen_flag=false, const bool closed_flag=false) {
+      if (!dimw || !dimh) return assign();
+      _assign(dimw,dimh,title,normalization_type,fullscreen_flag,closed_flag);
+      _min = _max = 0;
+      std::memset(_data,0,(cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==8?sizeof(unsigned char):
+                           (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==16?sizeof(unsigned short):sizeof(unsigned int)))*
+                  (unsigned long)_width*_height);
+      return paint();
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    CImgDisplay& assign(const CImg<T>& img, const char *const title=0,
+                        const unsigned int normalization_type=3,
+                        const bool fullscreen_flag=false, const bool closed_flag=false) {
+      if (!img) return assign();
+      CImg<T> tmp;
+      const CImg<T>& nimg = (img._depth==1)?img:(tmp=img.get_projections2d((img._width-1)/2,
+                                                                           (img._height-1)/2,
+                                                                           (img._depth-1)/2));
+      _assign(nimg._width,nimg._height,title,normalization_type,fullscreen_flag,closed_flag);
+      if (_normalization==2) _min = (float)nimg.min_max(_max);
+      return render(nimg).paint();
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    CImgDisplay& assign(const CImgList<T>& list, const char *const title=0,
+                        const unsigned int normalization_type=3,
+                        const bool fullscreen_flag=false, const bool closed_flag=false) {
+      if (!list) return assign();
+      CImg<T> tmp;
+      const CImg<T> img = list>'x', &nimg = (img._depth==1)?img:(tmp=img.get_projections2d((img._width-1)/2,
+                                                                                           (img._height-1)/2,
+                                                                                           (img._depth-1)/2));
+      _assign(nimg._width,nimg._height,title,normalization_type,fullscreen_flag,closed_flag);
+      if (_normalization==2) _min = (float)nimg.min_max(_max);
+      return render(nimg).paint();
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& assign(const CImgDisplay& disp) {
+      if (!disp) return assign();
+      _assign(disp._width,disp._height,disp._title,disp._normalization,disp._is_fullscreen,disp._is_closed);
+      std::memcpy(_data,disp._data,(cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==8?sizeof(unsigned char):
+                                    cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==16?sizeof(unsigned short):
+                                    sizeof(unsigned int))*(unsigned long)_width*_height);
+      return paint();
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& resize(const int nwidth, const int nheight, const bool force_redraw=true) {
+      if (!nwidth || !nheight || (is_empty() && (nwidth<0 || nheight<0))) return assign();
+      if (is_empty()) return assign(nwidth,nheight);
+      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
+      const unsigned int
+        tmpdimx = (nwidth>0)?nwidth:(-nwidth*width()/100),
+        tmpdimy = (nheight>0)?nheight:(-nheight*height()/100),
+        dimx = tmpdimx?tmpdimx:1,
+        dimy = tmpdimy?tmpdimy:1;
+      XLockDisplay(dpy);
+      if (_window_width!=dimx || _window_height!=dimy) {
+        XWindowAttributes attr;
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i<10; ++i) {
+          XResizeWindow(dpy,_window,dimx,dimy);
+          XGetWindowAttributes(dpy,_window,&attr);
+          if (attr.width==(int)dimx && attr.height==(int)dimy) break;
+          cimg::wait(5);
+        }
+      }
+      if (_width!=dimx || _height!=dimy) switch (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits) {
+        case 8 :  { unsigned char pixel_type = 0; _resize(pixel_type,dimx,dimy,force_redraw); } break;
+        case 16 : { unsigned short pixel_type = 0; _resize(pixel_type,dimx,dimy,force_redraw); } break;
+        default : { unsigned int pixel_type = 0; _resize(pixel_type,dimx,dimy,force_redraw); }
+        }
+      _window_width = _width = dimx; _window_height = _height = dimy;
+      _is_resized = false;
+      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
+      if (_is_fullscreen) move((screen_width()-_width)/2,(screen_height()-_height)/2);
+      if (force_redraw) return paint();
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& toggle_fullscreen(const bool force_redraw=true) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (force_redraw) {
+        const unsigned long buf_size = (unsigned long)_width*_height*
+          (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==8?1:(cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==16?2:4));
+        void *image_data = std::malloc(buf_size);
+        std::memcpy(image_data,_data,buf_size);
+        assign(_width,_height,_title,_normalization,!_is_fullscreen,false);
+        std::memcpy(_data,image_data,buf_size);
+        std::free(image_data);
+        return paint();
+      }
+      return assign(_width,_height,_title,_normalization,!_is_fullscreen,false);
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& show() {
+      if (is_empty() || !_is_closed) return *this;
+      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
+      XLockDisplay(dpy);
+      if (_is_fullscreen) _init_fullscreen();
+      _map_window();
+      _is_closed = false;
+      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
+      return paint();
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& close() {
+      if (is_empty() || _is_closed) return *this;
+      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
+      XLockDisplay(dpy);
+      if (_is_fullscreen) _desinit_fullscreen();
+      XUnmapWindow(dpy,_window);
+      _window_x = _window_y = -1;
+      _is_closed = true;
+      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& move(const int posx, const int posy) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      show();
+      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
+      XLockDisplay(dpy);
+      XMoveWindow(dpy,_window,posx,posy);
+      _window_x = posx; _window_y = posy;
+      _is_moved = false;
+      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
+      return paint();
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& show_mouse() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
+      XLockDisplay(dpy);
+      XUndefineCursor(dpy,_window);
+      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& hide_mouse() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
+      XLockDisplay(dpy);
+      const char pix_data[8] = { 0 };
+      XColor col;
+      col.red = col.green = col.blue = 0;
+      Pixmap pix = XCreateBitmapFromData(dpy,_window,pix_data,8,8);
+      Cursor cur = XCreatePixmapCursor(dpy,pix,pix,&col,&col,0,0);
+      XFreePixmap(dpy,pix);
+      XDefineCursor(dpy,_window,cur);
+      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& set_mouse(const int posx, const int posy) {
+      if (is_empty() || _is_closed) return *this;
+      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
+      XLockDisplay(dpy);
+      XWarpPointer(dpy,0L,_window,0,0,0,0,posx,posy);
+      _mouse_x = posx; _mouse_y = posy;
+      _is_moved = false;
+      XSync(dpy,0);
+      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& set_title(const char *const format, ...) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      char tmp[1024] = { 0 };
+      va_list ap;
+      va_start(ap, format);
+      cimg_vsnprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),format,ap);
+      va_end(ap);
+      if (!std::strcmp(_title,tmp)) return *this;
+      delete[] _title;
+      const unsigned int s = std::strlen(tmp) + 1;
+      _title = new char[s];
+      std::memcpy(_title,tmp,s*sizeof(char));
+      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
+      XLockDisplay(dpy);
+      XStoreName(dpy,_window,tmp);
+      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    CImgDisplay& display(const CImg<T>& img) {
+      if (!img)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimgdisplay_instance
+                                    "display(): Empty specified image.",
+                                    cimgdisplay_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) return assign(img);
+      return render(img).paint(false);
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& paint(const bool wait_expose=true) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
+      XLockDisplay(dpy);
+      _paint(wait_expose);
+      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    CImgDisplay& render(const CImg<T>& img, const bool flag8=false) {
+      if (!img)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimgdisplay_instance
+                                    "render(): Empty specified image.",
+                                    cimgdisplay_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (img._depth!=1) return render(img.get_projections2d((img._width-1)/2,(img._height-1)/2,(img._depth-1)/2));
+      if (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==8 && (img._width!=_width || img._height!=_height))
+        return render(img.get_resize(_width,_height,1,-100,1));
+      if (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits==8 && !flag8 && img._spectrum==3) {
+        static const CImg<typename CImg<T>::ucharT> default_colormap = CImg<typename CImg<T>::ucharT>::default_LUT256();
+        return render(img.get_index(default_colormap,1,false));
+      }
+
+      Display *const dpy = cimg::X11_attr().display;
+      const T
+        *data1 = img._data,
+        *data2 = (img._spectrum>1)?img.data(0,0,0,1):data1,
+        *data3 = (img._spectrum>2)?img.data(0,0,0,2):data1;
+
+      if (cimg::X11_attr().is_blue_first) cimg::swap(data1,data3);
+      XLockDisplay(dpy);
+
+      if (!_normalization || (_normalization==3 && cimg::type<T>::string()==cimg::type<unsigned char>::string())) {
+        _min = _max = 0;
+        switch (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits) {
+        case 8 : { // 256 colormap, no normalization
+          _set_colormap(_colormap,img._spectrum);
+          unsigned char *const ndata = (img._width==_width && img._height==_height)?(unsigned char*)_data:new unsigned char[(unsigned long)img._width*img._height];
+          unsigned char *ptrd = (unsigned char*)ndata;
+          switch (img._spectrum) {
+          case 1 : for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) (*ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(data1++);
+            break;
+          case 2 : for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+	      const unsigned char R = (unsigned char)*(data1++), G = (unsigned char)*(data2++);
+	      (*ptrd++) = (R&0xf0) | (G>>4);
+	    } break;
+          default : for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+	      const unsigned char R = (unsigned char)*(data1++), G = (unsigned char)*(data2++), B = (unsigned char)*(data3++);
+	      (*ptrd++) = (R&0xe0) | ((G>>5)<<2) | (B>>6);
+	    }
+          }
+          if (ndata!=_data) { _render_resize(ndata,img._width,img._height,(unsigned char*)_data,_width,_height); delete[] ndata; }
+        } break;
+        case 16 : { // 16 bits colors, no normalization
+          unsigned short *const ndata = (img._width==_width && img._height==_height)?(unsigned short*)_data:new unsigned short[(unsigned long)img._width*img._height];
+          unsigned char *ptrd = (unsigned char*)ndata;
+          const unsigned int M = 248;
+          switch (img._spectrum) {
+          case 1 :
+            if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+              const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)*(data1++), G = val>>2;
+              *(ptrd++) = (val&M) | (G>>3);
+              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5) | (G>>1);
+              } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+              const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)*(data1++), G = val>>2;
+              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5) | (G>>1);
+              *(ptrd++) = (val&M) | (G>>3);
+            }
+            break;
+          case 2 :
+            if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+              const unsigned char G = (unsigned char)*(data2++)>>2;
+              *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)*(data1++)&M) | (G>>3);
+              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5);
+              } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+              const unsigned char G = (unsigned char)*(data2++)>>2;
+              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5);
+              *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)*(data1++)&M) | (G>>3);
+            }
+            break;
+          default :
+            if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+              const unsigned char G = (unsigned char)*(data2++)>>2;
+              *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)*(data1++)&M) | (G>>3);
+              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5) | ((unsigned char)*(data3++)>>3);
+              } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+              const unsigned char G = (unsigned char)*(data2++)>>2;
+              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5) | ((unsigned char)*(data3++)>>3);
+              *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)*(data1++)&M) | (G>>3);
+            }
+          }
+          if (ndata!=_data) { _render_resize(ndata,img._width,img._height,(unsigned short*)_data,_width,_height); delete[] ndata; }
+        } break;
+        default : { // 24 bits colors, no normalization
+          unsigned int *const ndata = (img._width==_width && img._height==_height)?(unsigned int*)_data:new unsigned int[(unsigned long)img._width*img._height];
+          if (sizeof(int)==4) { // 32 bits int uses optimized version
+            unsigned int *ptrd = ndata;
+            switch (img._spectrum) {
+            case 1 :
+              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order==cimg::endianness())
+                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+                  const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)*(data1++);
+                  *(ptrd++) = (val<<16) | (val<<8) | val;
+                }
+              else
+                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+                 const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)*(data1++);
+                  *(ptrd++) = (val<<16) | (val<<8) | val;
+                }
+              break;
+            case 2 :
+              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order==cimg::endianness())
+                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy)
+                  *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)*(data1++)<<16) | ((unsigned char)*(data2++)<<8);
+              else
+                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy)
+                  *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)*(data2++)<<16) | ((unsigned char)*(data1++)<<8);
+              break;
+            default :
+              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order==cimg::endianness())
+                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy)
+                  *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)*(data1++)<<16) | ((unsigned char)*(data2++)<<8) | (unsigned char)*(data3++);
+              else
+                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy)
+                  *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)*(data3++)<<24) | ((unsigned char)*(data2++)<<16) | ((unsigned char)*(data1++)<<8);
+            }
+          } else {
+            unsigned char *ptrd = (unsigned char*)ndata;
+            switch (img._spectrum) {
+            case 1 :
+              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+                *(ptrd++) = 0;
+                *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(data1++);
+                *(ptrd++) = 0;
+                *(ptrd++) = 0;
+                } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+                *(ptrd++) = 0;
+                *(ptrd++) = 0;
+                *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(data1++);
+                *(ptrd++) = 0;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 2 :
+              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) cimg::swap(data1,data2);
+              for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+                *(ptrd++) = 0;
+                *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(data2++);
+                *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(data1++);
+                *(ptrd++) = 0;
+              }
+              break;
+            default :
+              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+                *(ptrd++) = 0;
+                *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(data1++);
+                *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(data2++);
+                *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(data3++);
+                } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+                *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(data3++);
+                *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(data2++);
+                *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(data1++);
+                *(ptrd++) = 0;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          if (ndata!=_data) { _render_resize(ndata,img._width,img._height,(unsigned int*)_data,_width,_height); delete[] ndata; }
+        }
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (_normalization==3) {
+          if (cimg::type<T>::is_float()) _min = (float)img.min_max(_max);
+          else { _min = (float)cimg::type<T>::min(); _max = (float)cimg::type<T>::max(); }
+        } else if ((_min>_max) || _normalization==1) _min = (float)img.min_max(_max);
+        const float delta = _max - _min, mm = 255/(delta?delta:1.0f);
+        switch (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits) {
+        case 8 : { // 256 colormap, with normalization
+          _set_colormap(_colormap,img._spectrum);
+          unsigned char *const ndata = (img._width==_width && img._height==_height)?(unsigned char*)_data:new unsigned char[(unsigned long)img._width*img._height];
+          unsigned char *ptrd = (unsigned char*)ndata;
+          switch (img._spectrum) {
+          case 1 : for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+              const unsigned char R = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm);
+              *(ptrd++) = R;
+            } break;
+          case 2 : for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+              const unsigned char
+                R = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm),
+                G = (unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm);
+            (*ptrd++) = (R&0xf0) | (G>>4);
+          } break;
+          default :
+            for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+              const unsigned char
+                R = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm),
+                G = (unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm),
+                B = (unsigned char)((*(data3++)-_min)*mm);
+              *(ptrd++) = (R&0xe0) | ((G>>5)<<2) | (B>>6);
+            }
+          }
+          if (ndata!=_data) { _render_resize(ndata,img._width,img._height,(unsigned char*)_data,_width,_height); delete[] ndata; }
+        } break;
+        case 16 : { // 16 bits colors, with normalization
+          unsigned short *const ndata = (img._width==_width && img._height==_height)?(unsigned short*)_data:new unsigned short[(unsigned long)img._width*img._height];
+          unsigned char *ptrd = (unsigned char*)ndata;
+          const unsigned int M = 248;
+          switch (img._spectrum) {
+          case 1 :
+            if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+              const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm), G = val>>2;
+              *(ptrd++) = (val&M) | (G>>3);
+              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5) | (val>>3);
+              } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+              const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm), G = val>>2;
+              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5) | (val>>3);
+              *(ptrd++) = (val&M) | (G>>3);
+            }
+            break;
+          case 2 :
+            if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+              const unsigned char G = (unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm)>>2;
+              *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm)&M) | (G>>3);
+              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5);
+              } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+              const unsigned char G = (unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm)>>2;
+              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5);
+              *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm)&M) | (G>>3);
+            }
+            break;
+          default :
+            if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+              const unsigned char G = (unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm)>>2;
+              *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm)&M) | (G>>3);
+              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5) | ((unsigned char)((*(data3++)-_min)*mm)>>3);
+              } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+              const unsigned char G = (unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm)>>2;
+              *(ptrd++) = (G<<5) | ((unsigned char)((*(data3++)-_min)*mm)>>3);
+              *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm)&M) | (G>>3);
+            }
+          }
+          if (ndata!=_data) { _render_resize(ndata,img._width,img._height,(unsigned short*)_data,_width,_height); delete[] ndata; }
+        } break;
+        default : { // 24 bits colors, with normalization
+          unsigned int *const ndata = (img._width==_width && img._height==_height)?(unsigned int*)_data:new unsigned int[(unsigned long)img._width*img._height];
+          if (sizeof(int)==4) { // 32 bits int uses optimized version
+            unsigned int *ptrd = ndata;
+            switch (img._spectrum) {
+            case 1 :
+              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order==cimg::endianness())
+                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+                  const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm);
+                  *(ptrd++) = (val<<16) | (val<<8) | val;
+                }
+              else
+                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+                  const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm);
+                  *(ptrd++) = (val<<24) | (val<<16) | (val<<8);
+                }
+              break;
+            case 2 :
+              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order==cimg::endianness())
+                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy)
+                  *(ptrd++) =
+                    ((unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm)<<16) |
+                    ((unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm)<<8);
+              else
+                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy)
+                  *(ptrd++) =
+                    ((unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm)<<16) |
+                    ((unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm)<<8);
+              break;
+            default :
+              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order==cimg::endianness())
+                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy)
+                  *(ptrd++) =
+                    ((unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm)<<16) |
+                    ((unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm)<<8) |
+                    (unsigned char)((*(data3++)-_min)*mm);
+              else
+                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy)
+                  *(ptrd++) =
+                    ((unsigned char)((*(data3++)-_min)*mm)<<24) |
+                    ((unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm)<<16) |
+                    ((unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm)<<8);
+            }
+          } else {
+            unsigned char *ptrd = (unsigned char*)ndata;
+            switch (img._spectrum) {
+            case 1 :
+              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+                const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm);
+                (*ptrd++) = 0;
+                (*ptrd++) = val;
+                (*ptrd++) = val;
+                (*ptrd++) = val;
+                } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+                const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm);
+                (*ptrd++) = val;
+                (*ptrd++) = val;
+                (*ptrd++) = val;
+                (*ptrd++) = 0;
+              }
+              break;
+            case 2 :
+              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) cimg::swap(data1,data2);
+              for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+                (*ptrd++) = 0;
+                (*ptrd++) = (unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm);
+                (*ptrd++) = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm);
+                (*ptrd++) = 0;
+              }
+              break;
+            default :
+              if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order)
+                for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+                  (*ptrd++) = 0;
+                  (*ptrd++) = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm);
+                  (*ptrd++) = (unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm);
+                  (*ptrd++) = (unsigned char)((*(data3++)-_min)*mm);
+                } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+                  (*ptrd++) = (unsigned char)((*(data3++)-_min)*mm);
+                  (*ptrd++) = (unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm);
+                  (*ptrd++) = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm);
+                  (*ptrd++) = 0;
+                }
+            }
+          }
+          if (ndata!=_data) {
+            _render_resize(ndata,img._width,img._height,(unsigned int*)_data,_width,_height); delete[] ndata;
+          }
+	}
+        }
+      }
+      XUnlockDisplay(dpy);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    const CImgDisplay& snapshot(CImg<T>& img) const {
+      if (is_empty()) { img.assign(); return *this; }
+      const unsigned char *ptrs = (unsigned char*)_data;
+      img.assign(_width,_height,1,3);
+      T
+        *data1 = img.data(0,0,0,0),
+        *data2 = img.data(0,0,0,1),
+        *data3 = img.data(0,0,0,2);
+      if (cimg::X11_attr().is_blue_first) cimg::swap(data1,data3);
+      switch (cimg::X11_attr().nb_bits) {
+      case 8 : {
+        for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+          const unsigned char val = *(ptrs++);
+          *(data1++) = (T)(val&0xe0);
+          *(data2++) = (T)((val&0x1c)<<3);
+          *(data3++) = (T)(val<<6);
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 16 : {
+        if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+          const unsigned char val0 = *(ptrs++), val1 = *(ptrs++);
+          *(data1++) = (T)(val0&0xf8);
+          *(data2++) = (T)((val0<<5) | ((val1&0xe0)>>5));
+          *(data3++) = (T)(val1<<3);
+          } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+          const unsigned short val0 = *(ptrs++), val1 = *(ptrs++);
+          *(data1++) = (T)(val1&0xf8);
+          *(data2++) = (T)((val1<<5) | ((val0&0xe0)>>5));
+          *(data3++) = (T)(val0<<3);
+        }
+      } break;
+      default : {
+        if (cimg::X11_attr().byte_order) for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+          ++ptrs;
+          *(data1++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+          *(data2++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+          *(data3++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+          } else for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+            *(data3++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+            *(data2++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+            *(data1++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+            ++ptrs;
+          }
+      }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    // Windows-based implementation.
+    //-------------------------------
+#elif cimg_display==2
+
+    bool _is_mouse_tracked, _is_cursor_visible;
+    HANDLE _thread, _is_created, _mutex;
+    HWND _window, _background_window;
+    CLIENTCREATESTRUCT _ccs;
+    unsigned int *_data;
+    DEVMODE _curr_mode;
+    BITMAPINFO _bmi;
+    HDC _hdc;
+
+    static int screen_width() {
+      DEVMODE mode;
+      mode.dmSize = sizeof(DEVMODE);
+      mode.dmDriverExtra = 0;
+      EnumDisplaySettings(0,ENUM_CURRENT_SETTINGS,&mode);
+      return mode.dmPelsWidth;
+    }
+
+    static int screen_height() {
+      DEVMODE mode;
+      mode.dmSize = sizeof(DEVMODE);
+      mode.dmDriverExtra = 0;
+      EnumDisplaySettings(0,ENUM_CURRENT_SETTINGS,&mode);
+      return mode.dmPelsHeight;
+    }
+
+    static void wait_all() {
+      WaitForSingleObject(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event,INFINITE);
+    }
+
+    static LRESULT APIENTRY _handle_events(HWND window, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
+#ifdef _WIN64
+      CImgDisplay *const disp = (CImgDisplay*)GetWindowLongPtr(window,GWLP_USERDATA);
+#else
+      CImgDisplay *const disp = (CImgDisplay*)GetWindowLong(window,GWL_USERDATA);
+#endif
+      MSG st_msg;
+      switch (msg) {
+      case WM_CLOSE :
+        disp->_mouse_x = disp->_mouse_y = -1;
+        disp->_window_x = disp->_window_y = 0;
+        disp->set_button().set_key(0).set_key(0,false)._is_closed = true;
+        ReleaseMutex(disp->_mutex);
+        ShowWindow(disp->_window,SW_HIDE);
+        disp->_is_event = true;
+        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
+        return 0;
+      case WM_SIZE : {
+        while (PeekMessage(&st_msg,window,WM_SIZE,WM_SIZE,PM_REMOVE)) {}
+        WaitForSingleObject(disp->_mutex,INFINITE);
+        const unsigned int nw = LOWORD(lParam),nh = HIWORD(lParam);
+        if (nw && nh && (nw!=disp->_width || nh!=disp->_height)) {
+          disp->_window_width = nw;
+          disp->_window_height = nh;
+          disp->_mouse_x = disp->_mouse_y = -1;
+          disp->_is_resized = disp->_is_event = true;
+          SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
+        }
+        ReleaseMutex(disp->_mutex);
+      } break;
+      case WM_MOVE : {
+        while (PeekMessage(&st_msg,window,WM_SIZE,WM_SIZE,PM_REMOVE)) {}
+        WaitForSingleObject(disp->_mutex,INFINITE);
+        const int nx = (int)(short)(LOWORD(lParam)), ny = (int)(short)(HIWORD(lParam));
+        if (nx!=disp->_window_x || ny!=disp->_window_y) {
+          disp->_window_x = nx;
+          disp->_window_y = ny;
+          disp->_is_moved = disp->_is_event = true;
+          SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
+        }
+        ReleaseMutex(disp->_mutex);
+      } break;
+      case WM_PAINT :
+        disp->paint();
+	if (disp->_is_cursor_visible) while (ShowCursor(TRUE)<0); else while (ShowCursor(FALSE)>=0);
+        break;
+      case WM_KEYDOWN :
+        disp->set_key((unsigned int)wParam);
+        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
+        break;
+      case WM_KEYUP :
+        disp->set_key((unsigned int)wParam,false);
+        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
+        break;
+      case WM_MOUSEMOVE : {
+        while (PeekMessage(&st_msg,window,WM_MOUSEMOVE,WM_MOUSEMOVE,PM_REMOVE)) {}
+        disp->_mouse_x = LOWORD(lParam);
+        disp->_mouse_y = HIWORD(lParam);
+#if (_WIN32_WINNT>=0x0400) && !defined(NOTRACKMOUSEEVENT)
+        if (!disp->_is_mouse_tracked) {
+          TRACKMOUSEEVENT tme;
+          tme.cbSize = sizeof(TRACKMOUSEEVENT);
+          tme.dwFlags = TME_LEAVE;
+          tme.hwndTrack = disp->_window;
+          if (TrackMouseEvent(&tme)) disp->_is_mouse_tracked = true;
+        }
+#endif
+        if (disp->_mouse_x<0 || disp->_mouse_y<0 || disp->_mouse_x>=disp->width() || disp->_mouse_y>=disp->height())
+          disp->_mouse_x = disp->_mouse_y = -1;
+        disp->_is_event = true;
+        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
+	if (disp->_is_cursor_visible) while (ShowCursor(TRUE)<0); else while (ShowCursor(FALSE)>=0);
+      }	break;
+      case WM_MOUSELEAVE : {
+        disp->_mouse_x = disp->_mouse_y = -1;
+        disp->_is_mouse_tracked = false;
+	while (ShowCursor(TRUE)<0);
+      } break;
+      case WM_LBUTTONDOWN :
+        disp->set_button(1);
+        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
+        break;
+      case WM_RBUTTONDOWN :
+        disp->set_button(2);
+        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
+        break;
+      case WM_MBUTTONDOWN :
+        disp->set_button(3);
+        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
+        break;
+      case WM_LBUTTONUP :
+        disp->set_button(1,false);
+        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
+        break;
+      case WM_RBUTTONUP :
+        disp->set_button(2,false);
+        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
+        break;
+      case WM_MBUTTONUP :
+        disp->set_button(3,false);
+        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
+        break;
+      case 0x020A : // WM_MOUSEWHEEL:
+        disp->set_wheel((int)((short)HIWORD(wParam))/120);
+        SetEvent(cimg::Win32_attr().wait_event);
+      }
+      return DefWindowProc(window,msg,wParam,lParam);
+    }
+
+    static DWORD WINAPI _events_thread(void* arg) {
+      CImgDisplay *const disp = (CImgDisplay*)(((void**)arg)[0]);
+      const char *const title = (const char*)(((void**)arg)[1]);
+      MSG msg;
+      delete[] (void**)arg;
+      disp->_bmi.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
+      disp->_bmi.bmiHeader.biWidth = disp->width();
+      disp->_bmi.bmiHeader.biHeight = -disp->height();
+      disp->_bmi.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;
+      disp->_bmi.bmiHeader.biBitCount = 32;
+      disp->_bmi.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
+      disp->_bmi.bmiHeader.biSizeImage = 0;
+      disp->_bmi.bmiHeader.biXPelsPerMeter = 1;
+      disp->_bmi.bmiHeader.biYPelsPerMeter = 1;
+      disp->_bmi.bmiHeader.biClrUsed = 0;
+      disp->_bmi.bmiHeader.biClrImportant = 0;
+      disp->_data = new unsigned int[(unsigned long)disp->_width*disp->_height];
+      if (!disp->_is_fullscreen) { // Normal window
+        RECT rect;
+        rect.left = rect.top = 0; rect.right = disp->_width-1; rect.bottom = disp->_height-1;
+        AdjustWindowRect(&rect,WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU | WS_THICKFRAME | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_MAXIMIZEBOX,false);
+        const int
+          border1 = (rect.right - rect.left + 1 - disp->_width)/2,
+          border2 = rect.bottom - rect.top + 1 - disp->_height - border1;
+        disp->_window = CreateWindowA("MDICLIENT",title?title:" ",
+                                     WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | (disp->_is_closed?0:WS_VISIBLE), CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,
+                                     disp->_width + 2*border1, disp->_height + border1 + border2,
+                                     0,0,0,&(disp->_ccs));
+        if (!disp->_is_closed) {
+          GetWindowRect(disp->_window,&rect);
+          disp->_window_x = rect.left + border1;
+          disp->_window_y = rect.top + border2;
+        } else disp->_window_x = disp->_window_y = 0;
+      } else { // Fullscreen window
+        const unsigned int sx = screen_width(), sy = screen_height();
+        disp->_window = CreateWindowA("MDICLIENT",title?title:" ",
+                                     WS_POPUP | (disp->_is_closed?0:WS_VISIBLE), (sx-disp->_width)/2,
+                                      (sy-disp->_height)/2,
+                                     disp->_width,disp->_height,0,0,0,&(disp->_ccs));
+        disp->_window_x = disp->_window_y = 0;
+      }
+      SetForegroundWindow(disp->_window);
+      disp->_hdc = GetDC(disp->_window);
+      disp->_window_width = disp->_width;
+      disp->_window_height = disp->_height;
+      disp->flush();
+#ifdef _WIN64
+      SetWindowLongPtr(disp->_window,GWLP_USERDATA,(LONG_PTR)disp);
+      SetWindowLongPtr(disp->_window,GWLP_WNDPROC,(LONG_PTR)_handle_events);
+#else
+      SetWindowLong(disp->_window,GWL_USERDATA,(LONG)disp);
+      SetWindowLong(disp->_window,GWL_WNDPROC,(LONG)_handle_events);
+#endif
+      SetEvent(disp->_is_created);
+      while (GetMessage(&msg,0,0,0)) DispatchMessage(&msg);
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& _update_window_pos() {
+      if (_is_closed) _window_x = _window_y = -1;
+      else {
+        RECT rect;
+        rect.left = rect.top = 0; rect.right = _width-1; rect.bottom = _height-1;
+        AdjustWindowRect(&rect,WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU | WS_THICKFRAME | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_MAXIMIZEBOX,false);
+        const int
+          border1 = (rect.right - rect.left + 1 - _width)/2,
+          border2 = rect.bottom - rect.top + 1 - _height - border1;
+        GetWindowRect(_window,&rect);
+        _window_x = rect.left + border1;
+        _window_y = rect.top + border2;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    void _init_fullscreen() {
+      _background_window = 0;
+      if (!_is_fullscreen || _is_closed) _curr_mode.dmSize = 0;
+      else {
+        DEVMODE mode;
+        unsigned int imode = 0, ibest = 0, bestbpp = 0, bw = ~0U, bh = ~0U;
+        for (mode.dmSize = sizeof(DEVMODE), mode.dmDriverExtra = 0; EnumDisplaySettings(0,imode,&mode); ++imode) {
+          const unsigned int nw = mode.dmPelsWidth, nh = mode.dmPelsHeight;
+          if (nw>=_width && nh>=_height && mode.dmBitsPerPel>=bestbpp && nw<=bw && nh<=bh) {
+            bestbpp = mode.dmBitsPerPel;
+            ibest = imode;
+            bw = nw; bh = nh;
+          }
+        }
+        if (bestbpp) {
+          _curr_mode.dmSize = sizeof(DEVMODE); _curr_mode.dmDriverExtra = 0;
+          EnumDisplaySettings(0,ENUM_CURRENT_SETTINGS,&_curr_mode);
+          EnumDisplaySettings(0,ibest,&mode);
+          ChangeDisplaySettings(&mode,0);
+        } else _curr_mode.dmSize = 0;
+
+        const unsigned int sx = screen_width(), sy = screen_height();
+        if (sx!=_width || sy!=_height) {
+          CLIENTCREATESTRUCT background_ccs;
+          _background_window = CreateWindowA("MDICLIENT","",WS_POPUP | WS_VISIBLE, 0,0,sx,sy,0,0,0,&background_ccs);
+          SetForegroundWindow(_background_window);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    void _desinit_fullscreen() {
+      if (!_is_fullscreen) return;
+      if (_background_window) DestroyWindow(_background_window);
+      _background_window = 0;
+      if (_curr_mode.dmSize) ChangeDisplaySettings(&_curr_mode,0);
+      _is_fullscreen = false;
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& _assign(const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh, const char *const ptitle=0,
+                         const unsigned int normalization_type=3,
+                         const bool fullscreen_flag=false, const bool closed_flag=false) {
+
+      // Allocate space for window title
+      const char *const nptitle = ptitle?ptitle:"";
+      const unsigned int s = (unsigned int)std::strlen(nptitle) + 1;
+      char *const tmp_title = s?new char[s]:0;
+      if (s) std::memcpy(tmp_title,nptitle,s*sizeof(char));
+
+      // Destroy previous window if existing
+      if (!is_empty()) assign();
+
+      // Set display variables
+      _width = cimg::min(dimw,(unsigned int)screen_width());
+      _height = cimg::min(dimh,(unsigned int)screen_height());
+      _normalization = normalization_type<4?normalization_type:3;
+      _is_fullscreen = fullscreen_flag;
+      _window_x = _window_y = 0;
+      _is_closed = closed_flag;
+      _is_cursor_visible = true;
+      _is_mouse_tracked = false;
+      _title = tmp_title;
+      flush();
+      if (_is_fullscreen) _init_fullscreen();
+
+      // Create event thread
+      void *const arg = (void*)(new void*[2]);
+      ((void**)arg)[0] = (void*)this;
+      ((void**)arg)[1] = (void*)_title;
+      _mutex = CreateMutex(0,FALSE,0);
+      _is_created = CreateEvent(0,FALSE,FALSE,0);
+      _thread = CreateThread(0,0,_events_thread,arg,0,0);
+      WaitForSingleObject(_is_created,INFINITE);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& assign() {
+      if (is_empty()) return flush();
+      DestroyWindow(_window);
+      TerminateThread(_thread,0);
+      delete[] _data;
+      delete[] _title;
+      _data = 0;
+      _title = 0;
+      if (_is_fullscreen) _desinit_fullscreen();
+      _width = _height = _normalization = _window_width = _window_height = 0;
+      _window_x = _window_y = 0;
+      _is_fullscreen = false;
+      _is_closed = true;
+      _min = _max = 0;
+      _title = 0;
+      flush();
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& assign(const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh, const char *const title=0,
+                        const unsigned int normalization_type=3,
+                        const bool fullscreen_flag=false, const bool closed_flag=false) {
+      if (!dimw || !dimh) return assign();
+      _assign(dimw,dimh,title,normalization_type,fullscreen_flag,closed_flag);
+      _min = _max = 0;
+      std::memset(_data,0,sizeof(unsigned int)*_width*_height);
+      return paint();
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    CImgDisplay& assign(const CImg<T>& img, const char *const title=0,
+                        const unsigned int normalization_type=3,
+                        const bool fullscreen_flag=false, const bool closed_flag=false) {
+      if (!img) return assign();
+      CImg<T> tmp;
+      const CImg<T>& nimg = (img._depth==1)?img:(tmp=img.get_projections2d((img._width-1)/2,
+                                                                           (img._height-1)/2,
+                                                                           (img._depth-1)/2));
+      _assign(nimg._width,nimg._height,title,normalization_type,fullscreen_flag,closed_flag);
+      if (_normalization==2) _min = (float)nimg.min_max(_max);
+      return display(nimg);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    CImgDisplay& assign(const CImgList<T>& list, const char *const title=0,
+                        const unsigned int normalization_type=3,
+                        const bool fullscreen_flag=false, const bool closed_flag=false) {
+      if (!list) return assign();
+      CImg<T> tmp;
+      const CImg<T> img = list>'x', &nimg = (img._depth==1)?img:(tmp=img.get_projections2d((img._width-1)/2,
+                                                                                           (img._height-1)/2,
+                                                                                           (img._depth-1)/2));
+      _assign(nimg._width,nimg._height,title,normalization_type,fullscreen_flag,closed_flag);
+      if (_normalization==2) _min = (float)nimg.min_max(_max);
+      return display(nimg);
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& assign(const CImgDisplay& disp) {
+      if (!disp) return assign();
+      _assign(disp._width,disp._height,disp._title,disp._normalization,disp._is_fullscreen,disp._is_closed);
+      std::memcpy(_data,disp._data,sizeof(unsigned int)*_width*_height);
+      return paint();
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& resize(const int nwidth, const int nheight, const bool force_redraw=true) {
+      if (!nwidth || !nheight || (is_empty() && (nwidth<0 || nheight<0))) return assign();
+      if (is_empty()) return assign(nwidth,nheight);
+      const unsigned int
+        tmpdimx = (nwidth>0)?nwidth:(-nwidth*_width/100),
+        tmpdimy = (nheight>0)?nheight:(-nheight*_height/100),
+        dimx = tmpdimx?tmpdimx:1,
+        dimy = tmpdimy?tmpdimy:1;
+      if (_window_width!=dimx || _window_height!=dimy) {
+        RECT rect; rect.left = rect.top = 0; rect.right = dimx - 1; rect.bottom = dimy - 1;
+        AdjustWindowRect(&rect,WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU | WS_THICKFRAME | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_MAXIMIZEBOX,false);
+        const int cwidth = rect.right - rect.left + 1, cheight = rect.bottom - rect.top + 1;
+        SetWindowPos(_window,0,0,0,cwidth,cheight,SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOZORDER | SWP_NOCOPYBITS);
+      }
+      if (_width!=dimx || _height!=dimy) {
+        unsigned int *const ndata = new unsigned int[dimx*dimy];
+        if (force_redraw) _render_resize(_data,_width,_height,ndata,dimx,dimy);
+        else std::memset(ndata,0x80,sizeof(unsigned int)*dimx*dimy);
+        delete[] _data;
+        _data = ndata;
+        _bmi.bmiHeader.biWidth = dimx;
+        _bmi.bmiHeader.biHeight = -(int)dimy;
+        _width = dimx;
+        _height = dimy;
+      }
+      _window_width = dimx; _window_height = dimy;
+      _is_resized = false;
+      if (_is_fullscreen) move((screen_width()-_width)/2,(screen_height()-_height)/2);
+      if (force_redraw) return paint();
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& toggle_fullscreen(const bool force_redraw=true) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (force_redraw) {
+        const unsigned long buf_size = _width*_height*4UL;
+        void *odata = std::malloc(buf_size);
+        std::memcpy(odata,_data,buf_size);
+        assign(_width,_height,_title,_normalization,!_is_fullscreen,false);
+        std::memcpy(_data,odata,buf_size);
+        std::free(odata);
+        return paint();
+      }
+      return assign(_width,_height,_title,_normalization,!_is_fullscreen,false);
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& show() {
+      if (is_empty() || !_is_closed) return *this;
+      _is_closed = false;
+      if (_is_fullscreen) _init_fullscreen();
+      ShowWindow(_window,SW_SHOW);
+      _update_window_pos();
+      return paint();
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& close() {
+      if (is_empty() || _is_closed) return *this;
+      _is_closed = true;
+      if (_is_fullscreen) _desinit_fullscreen();
+      ShowWindow(_window,SW_HIDE);
+      _window_x = _window_y = 0;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& move(const int posx, const int posy) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (!_is_fullscreen) {
+        RECT rect; rect.left = rect.top = 0; rect.right = _window_width-1; rect.bottom = _window_height-1;
+        AdjustWindowRect(&rect,WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU | WS_THICKFRAME | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_MAXIMIZEBOX,false);
+        const int border1 = (rect.right-rect.left+1-_width)/2, border2 = rect.bottom-rect.top+1-_height-border1;
+        SetWindowPos(_window,0,posx-border1,posy-border2,0,0,SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOZORDER);
+      } else SetWindowPos(_window,0,posx,posy,0,0,SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOZORDER);
+      _window_x = posx;
+      _window_y = posy;
+      _is_moved = false;
+      return show();
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& show_mouse() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      _is_cursor_visible = true;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& hide_mouse() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      _is_cursor_visible = false;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& set_mouse(const int posx, const int posy) {
+      if (_is_closed || posx<0 || posy<0) return *this;
+      _update_window_pos();
+      const int res = (int)SetCursorPos(_window_x + posx,_window_y + posy);
+      if (res) { _mouse_x = posx; _mouse_y = posy; }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& set_title(const char *const format, ...) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      char tmp[1024] = { 0 };
+      va_list ap;
+      va_start(ap, format);
+      cimg_vsnprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),format,ap);
+      va_end(ap);
+      if (!std::strcmp(_title,tmp)) return *this;
+      delete[] _title;
+      const unsigned int s = (unsigned int)std::strlen(tmp) + 1;
+      _title = new char[s];
+      std::memcpy(_title,tmp,s*sizeof(char));
+      SetWindowTextA(_window, tmp);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    CImgDisplay& display(const CImg<T>& img) {
+      if (!img)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimgdisplay_instance
+                                    "display(): Empty specified image.",
+                                    cimgdisplay_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) return assign(img);
+      return render(img).paint();
+    }
+
+    CImgDisplay& paint() {
+      if (_is_closed) return *this;
+      WaitForSingleObject(_mutex,INFINITE);
+      SetDIBitsToDevice(_hdc,0,0,_width,_height,0,0,0,_height,_data,&_bmi,DIB_RGB_COLORS);
+      ReleaseMutex(_mutex);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    CImgDisplay& render(const CImg<T>& img) {
+      if (!img)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimgdisplay_instance
+                                    "render(): Empty specified image.",
+                                    cimgdisplay_instance);
+
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (img._depth!=1) return render(img.get_projections2d((img._width-1)/2,(img._height-1)/2,(img._depth-1)/2));
+
+      const T
+        *data1 = img._data,
+        *data2 = (img._spectrum>=2)?img.data(0,0,0,1):data1,
+        *data3 = (img._spectrum>=3)?img.data(0,0,0,2):data1;
+
+      WaitForSingleObject(_mutex,INFINITE);
+      unsigned int
+        *const ndata = (img._width==_width && img._height==_height)?_data:
+        new unsigned int[(unsigned long)img._width*img._height],
+        *ptrd = ndata;
+
+      if (!_normalization || (_normalization==3 && cimg::type<T>::string()==cimg::type<unsigned char>::string())) {
+        _min = _max = 0;
+        switch (img._spectrum) {
+        case 1 : {
+          for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+            const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)*(data1++);
+            *(ptrd++) = (val<<16) | (val<<8) | val;
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 2 : {
+          for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy)
+            *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)*(data1++)<<16) | ((unsigned char)*(data2++)<<8);
+        } break;
+        default : {
+          for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy)
+            *(ptrd++) = ((unsigned char)*(data1++)<<16) | ((unsigned char)*(data2++)<<8) | (unsigned char)*(data3++);
+        }
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (_normalization==3) {
+          if (cimg::type<T>::is_float()) _min = (float)img.min_max(_max);
+          else { _min = (float)cimg::type<T>::min(); _max = (float)cimg::type<T>::max(); }
+        } else if ((_min>_max) || _normalization==1) _min = (float)img.min_max(_max);
+        const float delta = _max - _min, mm = 255/(delta?delta:1.0f);
+        switch (img._spectrum) {
+        case 1 : {
+          for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+            const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm);
+            *(ptrd++) = (val<<16) | (val<<8) | val;
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 2 : {
+          for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+            const unsigned char
+              R = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm),
+              G = (unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm);
+            *(ptrd++) = (R<<16) | (G<<8);
+          }
+        } break;
+        default : {
+          for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+            const unsigned char
+              R = (unsigned char)((*(data1++)-_min)*mm),
+              G = (unsigned char)((*(data2++)-_min)*mm),
+              B = (unsigned char)((*(data3++)-_min)*mm);
+            *(ptrd++) = (R<<16) | (G<<8) | B;
+          }
+        }
+        }
+      }
+      if (ndata!=_data) { _render_resize(ndata,img._width,img._height,_data,_width,_height); delete[] ndata; }
+      ReleaseMutex(_mutex);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    const CImgDisplay& snapshot(CImg<T>& img) const {
+      if (is_empty()) { img.assign(); return *this; }
+      const unsigned int *ptrs = _data;
+      img.assign(_width,_height,1,3);
+      T
+        *data1 = img.data(0,0,0,0),
+        *data2 = img.data(0,0,0,1),
+        *data3 = img.data(0,0,0,2);
+      for (unsigned long xy = (unsigned long)img._width*img._height; xy>0; --xy) {
+        const unsigned int val = *(ptrs++);
+        *(data1++) = (T)(unsigned char)(val>>16);
+        *(data2++) = (T)(unsigned char)((val>>8)&0xFF);
+        *(data3++) = (T)(unsigned char)(val&0xFF);
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //@}
+  };
+
+  /*
+   #--------------------------------------
+   #
+   #
+   #
+   # Definition of the CImg<T> structure
+   #
+   #
+   #
+   #--------------------------------------
+   */
+
+  //! Class representing an image (up to 4 dimensions wide), each pixel being of type \c T.
+  /**
+     This is the main class of the %CImg Library. It declares and constructs
+     an image, allows access to its pixel values, and is able to perform various image operations.
+
+     \par Image representation
+
+     A %CImg image is defined as an instance of the container \c CImg<T>, which contains a regular grid of pixels,
+     each pixel value being of type \c T. The image grid can have up to 4 dimensions: width, height, depth
+     and number of channels.
+     Usually, the three first dimensions are used to describe spatial coordinates <tt>(x,y,z)</tt>,
+     while the number of channels is rather used as a vector-valued dimension
+     (it may describe the R,G,B color channels for instance).
+     If you need a fifth dimension, you can use image lists \c CImgList<T> rather than simple images \c CImg<T>.
+
+     Thus, the \c CImg<T> class is able to represent volumetric images of vector-valued pixels,
+     as well as images with less dimensions (1d scalar signal, 2d color images, ...).
+     Most member functions of the class CImg<\c T> are designed to handle this maximum case of (3+1) dimensions.
+
+     Concerning the pixel value type \c T:
+     fully supported template types are the basic C++ types: <tt>unsigned char, char, short, unsigned int, int,
+     unsigned long, long, float, double, ... </tt>.
+     Typically, fast image display can be done using <tt>CImg<unsigned char></tt> images,
+     while complex image processing algorithms may be rather coded using <tt>CImg<float></tt> or <tt>CImg<double></tt>
+     images that have floating-point pixel values. The default value for the template T is \c float.
+     Using your own template types may be possible. However, you will certainly have to define the complete set
+     of arithmetic and logical operators for your class.
+
+     \par Image structure
+
+     The \c CImg<T> structure contains \e six fields:
+     - \c _width defines the number of \a columns of the image (size along the X-axis).
+     - \c _height defines the number of \a rows of the image (size along the Y-axis).
+     - \c _depth defines the number of \a slices of the image (size along the Z-axis).
+     - \c _spectrum defines the number of \a channels of the image (size along the C-axis).
+     - \c _data defines a \a pointer to the \a pixel \a data (of type \c T).
+     - \c _is_shared is a boolean that tells if the memory buffer \c data is shared with
+       another image.
+
+     You can access these fields publicly although it is recommended to use the dedicated functions
+     width(), height(), depth(), spectrum() and ptr() to do so.
+     Image dimensions are not limited to a specific range (as long as you got enough available memory).
+     A value of \e 1 usually means that the corresponding dimension is \a flat.
+     If one of the dimensions is \e 0, or if the data pointer is null, the image is considered as \e empty.
+     Empty images should not contain any pixel data and thus, will not be processed by CImg member functions
+     (a CImgInstanceException will be thrown instead).
+     Pixel data are stored in memory, in a non interlaced mode (See \ref cimg_storage).
+
+     \par Image declaration and construction
+
+     Declaring an image can be done by using one of the several available constructors.
+     Here is a list of the most used:
+
+     - Construct images from arbitrary dimensions:
+         - <tt>CImg<char> img;</tt> declares an empty image.
+         - <tt>CImg<unsigned char> img(128,128);</tt> declares a 128x128 greyscale image with
+         \c unsigned \c char pixel values.
+         - <tt>CImg<double> img(3,3);</tt> declares a 3x3 matrix with \c double coefficients.
+         - <tt>CImg<unsigned char> img(256,256,1,3);</tt> declares a 256x256x1x3 (color) image
+         (colors are stored as an image with three channels).
+         - <tt>CImg<double> img(128,128,128);</tt> declares a 128x128x128 volumetric and greyscale image
+         (with \c double pixel values).
+         - <tt>CImg<> img(128,128,128,3);</tt> declares a 128x128x128 volumetric color image
+         (with \c float pixels, which is the default value of the template parameter \c T).
+         - \b Note: images pixels are <b>not automatically initialized to 0</b>. You may use the function \c fill() to
+         do it, or use the specific constructor taking 5 parameters like this:
+         <tt>CImg<> img(128,128,128,3,0);</tt> declares a 128x128x128 volumetric color image with all pixel values to 0.
+
+     - Construct images from filenames:
+         - <tt>CImg<unsigned char> img("image.jpg");</tt> reads a JPEG color image from the file "image.jpg".
+         - <tt>CImg<float> img("analyze.hdr");</tt> reads a volumetric image (ANALYZE7.5 format) from the
+         file "analyze.hdr".
+         - \b Note: You need to install <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org">ImageMagick</a>
+         to be able to read common compressed image formats (JPG,PNG, ...) (See \ref cimg_files_io).
+
+     - Construct images from C-style arrays:
+         - <tt>CImg<int> img(data_buffer,256,256);</tt> constructs a 256x256 greyscale image from a \c int* buffer
+         \c data_buffer (of size 256x256=65536).
+         - <tt>CImg<unsigned char> img(data_buffer,256,256,1,3,false);</tt> constructs a 256x256 color image
+         from a \c unsigned \c char* buffer \c data_buffer (where R,G,B channels follow each others).
+         - <tt>CImg<unsigned char> img(data_buffer,256,256,1,3,true);</tt> constructs a 256x256 color image
+         from a \c unsigned \c char* buffer \c data_buffer (where R,G,B channels are multiplexed).
+
+         The complete list of constructors can be found <a href="#constructors">here</a>.
+
+     \par Most useful functions
+
+     The \c CImg<T> class contains a lot of functions that operates on images.
+     Some of the most useful are:
+
+     - operator()(): allows to access or write pixel values.
+     - display(): displays the image in a new window.
+  **/
+  template<typename T>
+  struct CImg {
+
+    unsigned int _width, _height, _depth, _spectrum;
+    bool _is_shared;
+    T *_data;
+
+    //! Simple iterator type, to loop through each pixel value of an image instance.
+    /**
+       \note
+       - The \c CImg<T>::iterator type is defined to be a <tt>T*</tt>.
+       - You will seldom have to use iterators in %CImg, most classical operations
+         being achieved (often in a faster way) using methods of \c CImg<T>.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImg<float> img("reference.jpg");                                         // Load image from file.
+       for (CImg<float>::iterator it = img.begin(), it<img.end(); ++it) *it = 0; // Set all pixels to '0', with a CImg iterator.
+       img.fill(0);                                                              // Do the same with a built-in method.
+       \endcode
+   **/
+    typedef T* iterator;
+
+    //! Simple const iterator type, to loop through each pixel value of a \c const image instance.
+    /**
+       \note
+       - The \c CImg<T>::const_iterator type is defined to be a \c const \c T*.
+       - You will seldom have to use iterators in %CImg, most classical operations
+         being achieved (often in a faster way) using methods of \c CImg<T>.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg");                                    // Load image from file.
+       float sum = 0;
+       for (CImg<float>::iterator it = img.begin(), it<img.end(); ++it) sum+=*it; // Compute sum of all pixel values, with a CImg iterator.
+       const float sum2 = img.sum();                                              // Do the same with a built-in method.
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    typedef const T* const_iterator;
+
+    //! Pixel value type.
+    /**
+       Refer to the type of the pixel values of an image instance.
+       \note
+       - The \c CImg<T>::value_type type of a \c CImg<T> is defined to be a \c T.
+       - \c CImg<T>::value_type is actually not used in %CImg methods. It has been mainly defined for
+         compatibility with STL naming conventions.
+    **/
+    typedef T value_type;
+
+    // Define common types related to template type T.
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,bool>::type Tbool;
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,unsigned char>::type Tuchar;
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,char>::type Tchar;
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,unsigned short>::type Tushort;
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,short>::type Tshort;
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,unsigned int>::type Tuint;
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,int>::type Tint;
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,unsigned long>::type Tulong;
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,long>::type Tlong;
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,float>::type Tfloat;
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,double>::type Tdouble;
+    typedef typename cimg::last<T,bool>::type boolT;
+    typedef typename cimg::last<T,unsigned char>::type ucharT;
+    typedef typename cimg::last<T,char>::type charT;
+    typedef typename cimg::last<T,unsigned short>::type ushortT;
+    typedef typename cimg::last<T,short>::type shortT;
+    typedef typename cimg::last<T,unsigned int>::type uintT;
+    typedef typename cimg::last<T,int>::type intT;
+    typedef typename cimg::last<T,unsigned long>::type ulongT;
+    typedef typename cimg::last<T,long>::type longT;
+    typedef typename cimg::last<T,float>::type floatT;
+    typedef typename cimg::last<T,double>::type doubleT;
+
+    //@}
+    //---------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Plugins
+    //@{
+    //---------------------------
+#ifdef cimg_plugin
+#include cimg_plugin
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_plugin1
+#include cimg_plugin1
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_plugin2
+#include cimg_plugin2
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_plugin3
+#include cimg_plugin3
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_plugin4
+#include cimg_plugin4
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_plugin5
+#include cimg_plugin5
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_plugin6
+#include cimg_plugin6
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_plugin7
+#include cimg_plugin7
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_plugin8
+#include cimg_plugin8
+#endif
+
+    //@}
+    //---------------------------------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Constructors / Destructor / Instance Management
+    //@{
+    //---------------------------------------------------------
+
+    //! Destroy image.
+    /**
+       \note
+       - The pixel buffer data() is deallocated if necessary, e.g. for non-empty and non-shared image instances.
+       - Destroying an empty or shared image does nothing actually.
+       \warning
+       - When destroying a non-shared image, make sure that you will \e not operate on a remaining shared image
+         that shares its buffer with the destroyed instance, in order to avoid further invalid memory access
+         (to a deallocated buffer).
+    **/
+    ~CImg() {
+      if (!_is_shared) delete[] _data;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct empty image.
+    /**
+       \note
+       - An empty image has no pixel data and all of its dimensions width(), height(), depth(), spectrum()
+         are set to \c 0, as well as its pixel buffer pointer data().
+       - An empty image may be re-assigned afterwards, e.g. with the family of
+         assign(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int) methods,
+         or by operator=(const CImg<t>&). In all cases, the type of pixels stays \c T.
+       - An empty image is never shared.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImg<float> img1, img2;      // Construct two empty images.
+       img1.assign(256,256,1,3);    // Re-assign 'img1' to be a 256x256x1x3 (color) image.
+       img2 = img1.get_rand(0,255); // Re-assign 'img2' to be a random-valued version of 'img1'.
+       img2.assign();               // Re-assign 'img2' to be an empty image again.
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    CImg():_width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {}
+
+    //! Construct image with specified size.
+    /**
+       \param size_x Image width().
+       \param size_y Image height().
+       \param size_z Image depth().
+       \param size_c Image spectrum() (number of channels).
+       \note
+       - It is able to create only \e non-shared images, and allocates thus a pixel buffer data()
+         for each constructed image instance.
+       - Setting one dimension \c size_x,\c size_y,\c size_z or \c size_c to \c 0 leads to the construction of
+         an \e empty image.
+       - A \c CImgInstanceException is thrown when the pixel buffer cannot be allocated
+         (e.g. when requested size is too big for available memory).
+       \warning
+       - The allocated pixel buffer is \e not filled with a default value, and is likely to contain garbage values.
+         In order to initialize pixel values during construction (e.g. with \c 0), use constructor
+         CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,T) instead.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImg<float> img1(256,256,1,3);   // Construct a 256x256x1x3 (color) image, filled with garbage values.
+       CImg<float> img2(256,256,1,3,0); // Construct a 256x256x1x3 (color) image, filled with value '0'.
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    explicit CImg(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
+                  const unsigned int size_z=1, const unsigned int size_c=1):
+      _is_shared(false) {
+      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c;
+      if (siz) {
+        _width = size_x; _height = size_y; _depth = size_z; _spectrum = size_c;
+        try { _data = new T[siz]; } catch (...) {
+          _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
+          throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                      "CImg(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
+                                      cimg_instance,
+                                      cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(T)*size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c),
+                                      size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
+        }
+      } else { _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0; }
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values.
+    /**
+       \param size_x Image width().
+       \param size_y Image height().
+       \param size_z Image depth().
+       \param size_c Image spectrum() (number of channels).
+       \param value Initialization value.
+       \note
+       - Similar to CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int),
+         but it also fills the pixel buffer with the specified \c value.
+       \warning
+       - It cannot be used to construct a vector-valued image and initialize it with \e vector-valued pixels
+         (e.g. RGB vector, for color images).
+         For this task, you may use fillC() after construction.
+    **/
+    CImg(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
+         const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c, const T value):
+      _is_shared(false) {
+      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c;
+      if (siz) {
+        _width = size_x; _height = size_y; _depth = size_z; _spectrum = size_c;
+        try { _data = new T[siz]; } catch (...) {
+          _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
+          throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                      "CImg(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
+                                      cimg_instance,
+                                      cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(T)*size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c),
+                                      size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
+        }
+        fill(value);
+      } else { _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0; }
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a sequence of integers.
+    /**
+       Construct a new image instance of size \c size_x x \c size_y x \c size_z x \c size_c,
+       with pixels of type \c T, and initialize pixel
+       values from the specified sequence of integers \c value0,\c value1,\c ...
+       \param size_x Image width().
+       \param size_y Image height().
+       \param size_z Image depth().
+       \param size_c Image spectrum() (number of channels).
+       \param value0 First value of the initialization sequence (must be an \e integer).
+       \param value1 Second value of the initialization sequence (must be an \e integer).
+       \param ...
+       \note
+       - Similar to CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int), but it also fills
+         the pixel buffer with a sequence of specified integer values.
+       \warning
+       - You must specify \e exactly \c size_x*\c size_y*\c size_z*\c size_c integers in the initialization sequence.
+         Otherwise, the constructor may crash or fill your image pixels with garbage.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img(2,2,1,3,      // Construct a 2x2 color (RGB) image.
+                             0,255,0,255,  // Set the 4 values for the red component.
+                             0,0,255,255,  // Set the 4 values for the green component.
+                             64,64,64,64); // Set the 4 values for the blue component.
+       img.resize(150,150).display();
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_constructor1.jpg
+     **/
+    CImg(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y, const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c,
+         const int value0, const int value1, ...):
+      _width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
+#define _CImg_stdarg(img,a0,a1,N,t) { \
+	unsigned long _siz = (unsigned long)N; \
+	if (_siz--) { \
+	  va_list ap; \
+	  va_start(ap,a1); \
+	  T *ptrd = (img)._data; \
+	  *(ptrd++) = (T)a0; \
+	  if (_siz--) { \
+	    *(ptrd++) = (T)a1; \
+	    for (; _siz; --_siz) *(ptrd++) = (T)va_arg(ap,t); \
+	  } \
+	  va_end(ap); \
+	} \
+      }
+      assign(size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
+      _CImg_stdarg(*this,value0,value1,(unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c,int);
+    }
+
+#ifdef cimg_use_cpp11
+    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from an initializer list of integers.
+    /**
+       Construct a new image instance of size \c size_x x \c size_y x \c size_z x \c size_c,
+       with pixels of type \c T, and initialize pixel
+       values from the specified initializer list of integers { \c value0,\c value1,\c ... }
+       \param size_x Image width().
+       \param size_y Image height().
+       \param size_z Image depth().
+       \param size_c Image spectrum() (number of channels).
+       \param { value0, value1, ... } Initialization list
+       \param repeat_values Tells if the value filling process is repeated over the image.
+
+       \note
+       - Similar to CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int), but it also fills
+         the pixel buffer with a sequence of specified integer values.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img(2,2,1,3,      // Construct a 2x2 color (RGB) image.
+                             { 0,255,0,255,    // Set the 4 values for the red component.
+                               0,0,255,255,    // Set the 4 values for the green component.
+                               64,64,64,64 }); // Set the 4 values for the blue component.
+       img.resize(150,150).display();
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_constructor1.jpg
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y, const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c,
+         const std::initializer_list<t> values,
+	 const bool repeat_values=true):
+      _width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
+#define _cimg_constructor_cpp11(repeat_values) \
+  auto it = values.begin(); \
+  unsigned long siz = size(); \
+  if (repeat_values) for (T *ptrd = _data; siz--; ) { \
+    *(ptrd++) = (T)(*(it++)); if (it==values.end()) it = values.begin(); } \
+  else { siz = cimg::min(siz,values.size()); for (T *ptrd = _data; siz--; ) *(ptrd++) = (T)(*(it++)); }
+      assign(size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
+      _cimg_constructor_cpp11(repeat_values);
+    }
+
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y, const unsigned int size_z,
+         std::initializer_list<t> values,
+	 const bool repeat_values=true):
+      _width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
+      assign(size_x,size_y,size_z);
+      _cimg_constructor_cpp11(repeat_values);
+    }
+
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
+         std::initializer_list<t> values,
+	 const bool repeat_values=true):
+      _width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
+      assign(size_x,size_y);
+      _cimg_constructor_cpp11(repeat_values);
+    }
+
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg(const unsigned int size_x,
+         std::initializer_list<t> values,
+         const bool repeat_values=true):_width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
+      assign(size_x);
+      _cimg_constructor_cpp11(repeat_values);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct single channel 1D image with pixel values and width obtained from an initializer list of integers.
+    /**
+       Construct a new image instance of size \c width x \c 1 x \c 1 x \c 1,
+       with pixels of type \c T, and initialize pixel
+       values from the specified initializer list of integers { \c value0,\c value1,\c ... }. Image width is
+       given by the size of the initializer list.
+       \param { value0, value1, ... } Initialization list
+       \note
+       - Similar to CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int) with height=1, depth=1, and spectrum=1,
+         but it also fills the pixel buffer with a sequence of specified integer values.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img = {10,20,30,20,10 }; // Construct a 5x1 image with one channel, and set its pixel values.
+       img.resize(150,150).display();
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_constructor1.jpg
+     **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg(const std::initializer_list<t> values):
+      _width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
+      assign(values.size(),1,1,1);
+      auto it = values.begin();
+      unsigned long siz = _width;
+      for (T *ptrd = _data; siz--; ) *(ptrd++) = (T)(*(it++));
+    }
+
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> & operator=(std::initializer_list<t> values) {
+      _cimg_constructor_cpp11(siz>values.size());
+      return *this;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a sequence of doubles.
+    /**
+       Construct a new image instance of size \c size_x x \c size_y x \c size_z x \c size_c, with pixels of type \c T,
+       and initialize pixel values from the specified sequence of doubles \c value0,\c value1,\c ...
+       \param size_x Image width().
+       \param size_y Image height().
+       \param size_z Image depth().
+       \param size_c Image spectrum() (number of channels).
+       \param value0 First value of the initialization sequence (must be a \e double).
+       \param value1 Second value of the initialization sequence (must be a \e double).
+       \param ...
+       \note
+       - Similar to CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,int,int,...), but
+         takes a sequence of double values instead of integers.
+       \warning
+       - You must specify \e exactly \c dx*\c dy*\c dz*\c dc doubles in the initialization sequence.
+         Otherwise, the constructor may crash or fill your image with garbage.
+         For instance, the code below will probably crash on most platforms:
+         \code
+         const CImg<float> img(2,2,1,1, 0.5,0.5,255,255); // FAIL: The two last arguments are 'int', not 'double'!
+         \endcode
+     **/
+    CImg(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y, const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c,
+         const double value0, const double value1, ...):
+      _width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
+      assign(size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
+      _CImg_stdarg(*this,value0,value1,(unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c,double);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a value string.
+    /**
+       Construct a new image instance of size \c size_x x \c size_y x \c size_z x \c size_c, with pixels of type \c T,
+       and initializes pixel values from the specified string \c values.
+       \param size_x Image width().
+       \param size_y Image height().
+       \param size_z Image depth().
+       \param size_c Image spectrum() (number of channels).
+       \param values Value string describing the way pixel values are set.
+       \param repeat_values Tells if the value filling process is repeated over the image.
+       \note
+       - Similar to CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int), but it also fills
+         the pixel buffer with values described in the value string \c values.
+       - Value string \c values may describe two different filling processes:
+         - Either \c values is a sequences of values assigned to the image pixels, as in <tt>"1,2,3,7,8,2"</tt>.
+           In this case, set \c repeat_values to \c true to periodically fill the image with the value sequence.
+         - Either, \c values is a formula, as in <tt>"cos(x/10)*sin(y/20)"</tt>.
+           In this case, parameter \c repeat_values is pointless.
+       - For both cases, specifying \c repeat_values is mandatory.
+         It disambiguates the possible overloading of constructor
+         CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,T) with \c T being a <tt>const char*</tt>.
+       - A \c CImgArgumentException is thrown when an invalid value string \c values is specified.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img1(129,129,1,3,"0,64,128,192,255",true),                   // Construct image filled from a value sequence.
+                         img2(129,129,1,3,"if(c==0,255*abs(cos(x/10)),1.8*y)",false); // Construct image filled from a formula.
+       (img1,img2).display();
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_constructor2.jpg
+     **/
+    CImg(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y, const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c,
+	 const char *const values, const bool repeat_values):_is_shared(false) {
+      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c;
+      if (siz) {
+        _width = size_x; _height = size_y; _depth = size_z; _spectrum = size_c;
+        try { _data = new T[siz]; } catch (...) {
+          _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
+          throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                      "CImg(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
+                                      cimg_instance,
+                                      cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(T)*size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c),
+                                      size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
+        }
+        fill(values,repeat_values);
+      } else { _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0; }
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a memory buffer.
+    /**
+       Construct a new image instance of size \c size_x x \c size_y x \c size_z x \c size_c, with pixels of type \c T,
+       and initializes pixel values from the specified \c t* memory buffer.
+       \param values Pointer to the input memory buffer.
+       \param size_x Image width().
+       \param size_y Image height().
+       \param size_z Image depth().
+       \param size_c Image spectrum() (number of channels).
+       \param is_shared Tells if input memory buffer must be shared by the current instance.
+       \note
+       - If \c is_shared is \c false, the image instance allocates its own pixel buffer,
+         and values from the specified input buffer are copied to the instance buffer.
+         If buffer types \c T and \c t are different, a regular static cast is performed during buffer copy.
+       - Otherwise, the image instance does \e not allocate a new buffer, and uses the input memory buffer as its
+         own pixel buffer. This case requires that types \c T and \c t are the same. Later, destroying such a shared
+         image will not deallocate the pixel buffer, this task being obviously charged to the initial buffer allocator.
+       - A \c CImgInstanceException is thrown when the pixel buffer cannot be allocated
+         (e.g. when requested size is too big for available memory).
+       \warning
+       - You must take care when operating on a shared image, since it may have an invalid pixel buffer pointer data()
+         (e.g. already deallocated).
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       unsigned char tab[256*256] = { 0 };
+       CImg<unsigned char> img1(tab,256,256,1,1,false), // Construct new non-shared image from buffer 'tab'.
+                           img2(tab,256,256,1,1,true);  // Construct new shared-image from buffer 'tab'.
+       tab[1024] = 255;                                 // Here, 'img2' is indirectly modified, but not 'img1'.
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg(const t *const values, const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
+         const unsigned int size_z=1, const unsigned int size_c=1, const bool is_shared=false):_is_shared(false) {
+      if (is_shared) {
+        _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "CImg(): Invalid construction request of a (%u,%u,%u,%u) shared instance "
+                                    "from a (%s*) buffer (pixel types are different).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c,CImg<t>::pixel_type());
+      }
+      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c;
+      if (values && siz) {
+        _width = size_x; _height = size_y; _depth = size_z; _spectrum = size_c;
+        try { _data = new T[siz]; } catch (...) {
+          _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
+          throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                      "CImg(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
+                                      cimg_instance,
+                                      cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(T)*size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c),
+                                      size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
+
+        }
+        const t *ptrs = values; cimg_for(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)*(ptrs++);
+      } else { _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0; }
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a memory buffer \specialization.
+    CImg(const T *const values, const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
+         const unsigned int size_z=1, const unsigned int size_c=1, const bool is_shared=false) {
+      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c;
+      if (values && siz) {
+        _width = size_x; _height = size_y; _depth = size_z; _spectrum = size_c; _is_shared = is_shared;
+        if (_is_shared) _data = const_cast<T*>(values);
+        else {
+          try { _data = new T[siz]; } catch (...) {
+            _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
+            throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                        "CImg(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
+                                        cimg_instance,
+                                        cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(T)*size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c),
+                                        size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
+          }
+          std::memcpy(_data,values,siz*sizeof(T)); }
+      } else { _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _is_shared = false; _data = 0; }
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image from reading an image file.
+    /**
+       Construct a new image instance with pixels of type \c T, and initialize pixel values with the data read from
+       an image file.
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \note
+       - Similar to CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int), but it reads the image
+         dimensions and pixel values from the specified image file.
+       - The recognition of the image file format by %CImg higly depends on the tools installed on your system
+         and on the external libraries you used to link your code against.
+       - Considered pixel type \c T should better fit the file format specification, or data loss may occur during
+         file load (e.g. constructing a \c CImg<unsigned char> from a float-valued image file).
+       - A \c CImgIOException is thrown when the specified \c filename cannot be read, or if the file format is not
+         recognized.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg");
+       img.display();
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_image.jpg
+    **/
+    explicit CImg(const char *const filename):_width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
+      assign(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image copy.
+    /**
+       Construct a new image instance with pixels of type \c T, as a copy of an existing \c CImg<t> instance.
+       \param img Input image to copy.
+       \note
+       - Constructed copy has the same size width() x height() x depth() x spectrum() and pixel values as the
+         input image \c img.
+       - If input image \c img is \e shared and if types \c T and \c t are the same, the constructed copy is also
+         \e shared, and shares its pixel buffer with \c img.
+         Modifying a pixel value in the constructed copy will thus also modifies it in the input image \c img.
+         This behavior is needful to allow functions to return shared images.
+       - Otherwise, the constructed copy allocates its own pixel buffer, and copies pixel values from the input
+         image \c img into its buffer. The copied pixel values may be eventually statically casted if types \c T and
+         \c t are different.
+       - Constructing a copy from an image \c img when types \c t and \c T are the same is significantly faster than
+         with different types.
+       - A \c CImgInstanceException is thrown when the pixel buffer cannot be allocated
+         (e.g. not enough available memory).
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg(const CImg<t>& img):_is_shared(false) {
+      const unsigned long siz = img.size();
+      if (img._data && siz) {
+        _width = img._width; _height = img._height; _depth = img._depth; _spectrum = img._spectrum;
+        try { _data = new T[siz]; } catch (...) {
+          _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
+          throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                      "CImg(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
+                                      cimg_instance,
+                                      cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(T)*img._width*img._height*img._depth*img._spectrum),
+                                      img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum);
+        }
+        const t *ptrs = img._data; cimg_for(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)*(ptrs++);
+      } else { _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0; }
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image copy \specialization.
+    CImg(const CImg<T>& img) {
+      const unsigned long siz = img.size();
+      if (img._data && siz) {
+        _width = img._width; _height = img._height; _depth = img._depth; _spectrum = img._spectrum;
+        _is_shared = img._is_shared;
+        if (_is_shared) _data = const_cast<T*>(img._data);
+        else {
+          try { _data = new T[siz]; } catch (...) {
+            _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
+            throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                        "CImg(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
+                                        cimg_instance,
+                                        cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(T)*img._width*img._height*img._depth*img._spectrum),
+                                        img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum);
+
+          }
+          std::memcpy(_data,img._data,siz*sizeof(T));
+        }
+      } else { _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _is_shared = false; _data = 0; }
+    }
+
+    //! Advanced copy constructor.
+    /**
+       Construct a new image instance with pixels of type \c T, as a copy of an existing \c CImg<t> instance,
+       while forcing the shared state of the constructed copy.
+       \param img Input image to copy.
+       \param is_shared Tells about the shared state of the constructed copy.
+       \note
+       - Similar to CImg(const CImg<t>&), except that it allows to decide the shared state of
+         the constructed image, which does not depend anymore on the shared state of the input image \c img:
+         - If \c is_shared is \c true, the constructed copy will share its pixel buffer with the input image \c img.
+           For that case, the pixel types \c T and \c t \e must be the same.
+         - If \c is_shared is \c false, the constructed copy will allocate its own pixel buffer, whether the input
+           image \c img is shared or not.
+       - A \c CImgArgumentException is thrown when a shared copy is requested with different pixel types \c T and \c t.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg(const CImg<t>& img, const bool is_shared):_is_shared(false) {
+      if (is_shared) {
+        _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "CImg(): Invalid construction request of a shared instance from a "
+                                    "CImg<%s> image (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) (pixel types are different).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    CImg<t>::pixel_type(),img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum,img._data);
+      }
+      const unsigned long siz = img.size();
+      if (img._data && siz) {
+        _width = img._width; _height = img._height; _depth = img._depth; _spectrum = img._spectrum;
+        try { _data = new T[siz]; } catch (...) {
+          _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
+          throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                      "CImg(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
+                                      cimg_instance,
+                                      cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(T)*img._width*img._height*img._depth*img._spectrum),
+                                      img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum);
+        }
+        const t *ptrs = img._data; cimg_for(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)*(ptrs++);
+      } else { _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0; }
+    }
+
+    //! Advanced copy constructor \specialization.
+    CImg(const CImg<T>& img, const bool is_shared) {
+      const unsigned long siz = img.size();
+      if (img._data && siz) {
+        _width = img._width; _height = img._height; _depth = img._depth; _spectrum = img._spectrum;
+        _is_shared = is_shared;
+        if (_is_shared) _data = const_cast<T*>(img._data);
+        else {
+          try { _data = new T[siz]; } catch (...) {
+            _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
+            throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                        "CImg(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
+                                        cimg_instance,
+                                        cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(T)*img._width*img._height*img._depth*img._spectrum),
+                                        img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum);
+          }
+          std::memcpy(_data,img._data,siz*sizeof(T));
+        }
+      } else { _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _is_shared = false; _data = 0; }
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image with dimensions borrowed from another image.
+    /**
+       Construct a new image instance with pixels of type \c T, and size get from some dimensions of an existing
+       \c CImg<t> instance.
+       \param img Input image from which dimensions are borrowed.
+       \param dimensions C-string describing the image size along the X,Y,Z and C-dimensions.
+       \note
+       - Similar to CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int), but it takes the image dimensions
+         (\e not its pixel values) from an existing \c CImg<t> instance.
+       - The allocated pixel buffer is \e not filled with a default value, and is likely to contain garbage values.
+         In order to initialize pixel values (e.g. with \c 0), use constructor CImg(const CImg<t>&,const char*,T)
+         instead.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img1(256,128,1,3),      // 'img1' is a 256x128x1x3 image.
+                         img2(img1,"xyzc"),      // 'img2' is a 256x128x1x3 image.
+                         img3(img1,"y,x,z,c"),   // 'img3' is a 128x256x1x3 image.
+                         img4(img1,"c,x,y,3",0), // 'img4' is a 3x128x256x3 image (with pixels initialized to '0').
+       \endcode
+     **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg(const CImg<t>& img, const char *const dimensions):
+      _width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
+      assign(img,dimensions);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image with dimensions borrowed from another image and initialize pixel values.
+    /**
+       Construct a new image instance with pixels of type \c T, and size get from the dimensions of an existing
+       \c CImg<t> instance, and set all pixel values to specified \c value.
+       \param img Input image from which dimensions are borrowed.
+       \param dimensions String describing the image size along the X,Y,Z and V-dimensions.
+       \param value Value used for initialization.
+       \note
+       - Similar to CImg(const CImg<t>&,const char*), but it also fills the pixel buffer with the specified \c value.
+     **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg(const CImg<t>& img, const char *const dimensions, const T value):
+      _width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
+      assign(img,dimensions).fill(value);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image from a display window.
+    /**
+       Construct a new image instance with pixels of type \c T, as a snapshot of an existing \c CImgDisplay instance.
+       \param disp Input display window.
+       \note
+       - The width() and height() of the constructed image instance are the same as the specified \c CImgDisplay.
+       - The depth() and spectrum() of the constructed image instance are respectively set to \c 1 and \c 3
+         (i.e. a 2d color image).
+       - The image pixels are read as 8-bits RGB values.
+     **/
+    explicit CImg(const CImgDisplay &disp):_width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
+      disp.snapshot(*this);
+    }
+
+    // Constructor and assignment operator for rvalue references (c++11).
+    // This avoids an additional image copy for methods returning new images. Can save RAM for big images !
+#ifdef cimg_use_cpp11
+    CImg(CImg<T>&& img):_width(0),_height(0),_depth(0),_spectrum(0),_is_shared(false),_data(0) {
+      swap(img);
+    }
+    CImg<T>& operator=(CImg<T>&& img) {
+      if (_is_shared) return assign(img);
+      return img.swap(*this);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Construct empty image \inplace.
+    /**
+       In-place version of the default constructor CImg(). It simply resets the instance to an empty image.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& assign() {
+      if (!_is_shared) delete[] _data;
+      _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _is_shared = false; _data = 0;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image with specified size \inplace.
+    /**
+       In-place version of the constructor CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int).
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& assign(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
+                    const unsigned int size_z=1, const unsigned int size_c=1) {
+      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c;
+      if (!siz) return assign();
+      const unsigned long curr_siz = size();
+      if (siz!=curr_siz) {
+	if (_is_shared)
+          throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                      "assign(): Invalid assignement request of shared instance from specified "
+                                      "image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
+                                      cimg_instance,
+                                      size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
+	else {
+          delete[] _data;
+          try { _data = new T[siz]; } catch (...) {
+            _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
+            throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                        "assign(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
+                                        cimg_instance,
+                                        cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(T)*size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c),
+                                        size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      _width = size_x; _height = size_y; _depth = size_z; _spectrum = size_c;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values \inplace.
+    /**
+       In-place version of the constructor CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,T).
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& assign(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
+                    const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c, const T value) {
+      return assign(size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c).fill(value);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a sequence of integers \inplace.
+    /**
+       In-place version of the constructor CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,int,int,...).
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& assign(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
+                    const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c,
+                    const int value0, const int value1, ...) {
+      assign(size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
+      _CImg_stdarg(*this,value0,value1,(unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c,int);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a sequence of doubles \inplace.
+    /**
+       In-place version of the constructor CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,double,double,...).
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& assign(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
+                    const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c,
+                    const double value0, const double value1, ...) {
+      assign(size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
+      _CImg_stdarg(*this,value0,value1,(unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c,double);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a value string \inplace.
+    /**
+       In-place version of the constructor CImg(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,const char*,bool).
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& assign(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
+                    const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c,
+                    const char *const values, const bool repeat_values) {
+      return assign(size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c).fill(values,repeat_values);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a memory buffer \inplace.
+    /**
+       In-place version of the constructor CImg(const t*,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int).
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& assign(const t *const values, const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
+                    const unsigned int size_z=1, const unsigned int size_c=1) {
+      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c;
+      if (!values || !siz) return assign();
+      assign(size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
+      const t *ptrs = values; cimg_for(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)*(ptrs++);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a memory buffer \specialization.
+    CImg<T>& assign(const T *const values, const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
+                    const unsigned int size_z=1, const unsigned int size_c=1) {
+      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c;
+      if (!values || !siz) return assign();
+      const unsigned long curr_siz = size();
+      if (values==_data && siz==curr_siz) return assign(size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
+      if (_is_shared || values+siz<_data || values>=_data+size()) {
+        assign(size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
+        if (_is_shared) std::memmove(_data,values,siz*sizeof(T));
+        else std::memcpy(_data,values,siz*sizeof(T));
+      } else {
+        T *new_data = 0;
+        try { new_data = new T[siz]; } catch (...) {
+          _width = _height = _depth = _spectrum = 0; _data = 0;
+          throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                      "assign(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
+                                      cimg_instance,
+                                      cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(T)*size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c),
+                                      size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
+        }
+        std::memcpy(new_data,values,siz*sizeof(T));
+        delete[] _data; _data = new_data; _width = size_x; _height = size_y; _depth = size_z; _spectrum = size_c;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a memory buffer \overloading.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& assign(const t *const values, const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
+                    const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c, const bool is_shared) {
+      if (is_shared)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "assign(): Invalid assignment request of shared instance from (%s*) buffer"
+                                    "(pixel types are different).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    CImg<t>::pixel_type());
+      return assign(values,size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image with specified size and initialize pixel values from a memory buffer \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& assign(const T *const values, const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
+                    const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c, const bool is_shared) {
+      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c;
+      if (!values || !siz) {
+        if (is_shared)
+          throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                      "assign(): Invalid assignment request of shared instance from (null) or "
+                                      "empty buffer.",
+                                      cimg_instance);
+        else return assign();
+      }
+      if (!is_shared) { if (_is_shared) assign(); assign(values,size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c); }
+      else {
+	if (!_is_shared) {
+	  if (values+siz<_data || values>=_data+size()) assign();
+	  else cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                          "assign(): Shared image instance has overlapping memory.",
+                          cimg_instance);
+	}
+	_width = size_x; _height = size_y; _depth = size_z; _spectrum = size_c; _is_shared = true;
+	_data = const_cast<T*>(values);
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image from reading an image file \inplace.
+    /**
+       In-place version of the constructor CImg(const char*).
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& assign(const char *const filename) {
+      return load(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image copy \inplace.
+    /**
+       In-place version of the constructor CImg(const CImg<t>&).
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& assign(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      return assign(img._data,img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum);
+    }
+
+    //! In-place version of the advanced copy constructor.
+    /**
+       In-place version of the constructor CImg(const CImg<t>&,bool).
+     **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& assign(const CImg<t>& img, const bool is_shared) {
+      return assign(img._data,img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum,is_shared);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image with dimensions borrowed from another image \inplace.
+    /**
+       In-place version of the constructor CImg(const CImg<t>&,const char*).
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& assign(const CImg<t>& img, const char *const dimensions) {
+      if (!dimensions || !*dimensions) return assign(img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum);
+      unsigned int siz[4] = { 0,1,1,1 }, k = 0;
+      for (const char *s = dimensions; *s && k<4; ++k) {
+        char item[256] = { 0 };
+        if (std::sscanf(s,"%255[^0-9%xyzvwhdcXYZVWHDC]",item)>0) s+=std::strlen(item);
+        if (*s) {
+          unsigned int val = 0; char sep = 0;
+          if (std::sscanf(s,"%u%c",&val,&sep)>0) {
+            if (sep=='%') siz[k] = val*(k==0?_width:k==1?_height:k==2?_depth:_spectrum)/100;
+            else siz[k] = val;
+            while (*s>='0' && *s<='9') ++s; if (sep=='%') ++s;
+          } else switch (cimg::uncase(*s)) {
+          case 'x' : case 'w' : siz[k] = img._width; ++s; break;
+          case 'y' : case 'h' : siz[k] = img._height; ++s; break;
+          case 'z' : case 'd' : siz[k] = img._depth; ++s; break;
+          case 'c' : case 's' : siz[k] = img._spectrum; ++s; break;
+          default :
+            throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                        "assign(): Invalid character '%c' detected in specified dimension string '%s'.",
+                                        cimg_instance,
+                                        *s,dimensions);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return assign(siz[0],siz[1],siz[2],siz[3]);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image with dimensions borrowed from another image and initialize pixel values \inplace.
+    /**
+       In-place version of the constructor CImg(const CImg<t>&,const char*,T).
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& assign(const CImg<t>& img, const char *const dimensions, const T value) {
+      return assign(img,dimensions).fill(value);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct image from a display window \inplace.
+    /**
+       In-place version of the constructor CImg(const CImgDisplay&).
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& assign(const CImgDisplay &disp) {
+      disp.snapshot(*this);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct empty image \inplace.
+    /**
+       Equivalent to assign().
+       \note
+       - It has been defined for compatibility with STL naming conventions.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& clear() {
+      return assign();
+    }
+
+    //! Transfer content of an image instance into another one.
+    /**
+       Transfer the dimensions and the pixel buffer content of an image instance into another one,
+       and replace instance by an empty image. It avoids the copy of the pixel buffer
+       when possible.
+       \param img Destination image.
+       \note
+       - Pixel types \c T and \c t of source and destination images can be different, though the process is
+         designed to be instantaneous when \c T and \c t are the same.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImg<float> src(256,256,1,3,0), // Construct a 256x256x1x3 (color) image filled with value '0'.
+                   dest(16,16);        // Construct a 16x16x1x1 (scalar) image.
+       src.move_to(dest);              // Now, 'src' is empty and 'dest' is the 256x256x1x3 image.
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<t>& move_to(CImg<t>& img) {
+      img.assign(*this);
+      assign();
+      return img;
+    }
+
+    //! Transfer content of an image instance into another one \specialization.
+    CImg<T>& move_to(CImg<T>& img) {
+      if (_is_shared || img._is_shared) img.assign(*this);
+      else swap(img);
+      assign();
+      return img;
+    }
+
+    //! Transfer content of an image instance into a new image in an image list.
+    /**
+       Transfer the dimensions and the pixel buffer content of an image instance
+       into a newly inserted image at position \c pos in specified \c CImgList<t> instance.
+       \param list Destination list.
+       \param pos Position of the newly inserted image in the list.
+       \note
+       - When optionnal parameter \c pos is ommited, the image instance is transfered as a new
+         image at the end of the specified \c list.
+       - It is convenient to sequentially insert new images into image lists, with no
+         additional copies of memory buffer.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImgList<float> list;             // Construct an empty image list.
+       CImg<float> img("reference.jpg"); // Read image from filename.
+       img.move_to(list);                // Transfer image content as a new item in the list (no buffer copy).
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<t>& move_to(CImgList<t>& list, const unsigned int pos=~0U) {
+      const unsigned int npos = pos>list._width?list._width:pos;
+      move_to(list.insert(1,npos)[npos]);
+      return list;
+    }
+
+    //! Swap fields of two image instances.
+    /**
+      \param img Image to swap fields with.
+      \note
+      - It can be used to interchange the content of two images in a very fast way. Can be convenient when dealing
+        with algorithms requiring two swapping buffers.
+      \par Example
+      \code
+      CImg<float> img1("lena.jpg"),
+                  img2("milla.jpg");
+      img1.swap(img2);               // Now, 'img1' is 'milla' and 'img2' is 'lena'.
+      \endcode
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& swap(CImg<T>& img) {
+      cimg::swap(_width,img._width);
+      cimg::swap(_height,img._height);
+      cimg::swap(_depth,img._depth);
+      cimg::swap(_spectrum,img._spectrum);
+      cimg::swap(_data,img._data);
+      cimg::swap(_is_shared,img._is_shared);
+      return img;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to an empty image.
+    /**
+       \note
+       This function is useful mainly to declare optional parameters having type \c CImg<T> in functions prototypes,
+       e.g.
+       \code
+       void f(const int x=0, const int y=0, const CImg<float>& img=CImg<float>::empty());
+       \endcode
+     **/
+    static CImg<T>& empty() {
+      static CImg<T> _empty;
+      return _empty.assign();
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //------------------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Overloaded Operators
+    //@{
+    //------------------------------------------
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value.
+    /**
+       Return a reference to a located pixel value of the image instance,
+       being possibly \e const, whether the image instance is \e const or not.
+       This is the standard method to get/set pixel values in \c CImg<T> images.
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \note
+       - Range of pixel coordinates start from <tt>(0,0,0,0)</tt> to
+         <tt>(width()-1,height()-1,depth()-1,spectrum()-1)</tt>.
+       - Due to the particular arrangement of the pixel buffers defined in %CImg, you can omit one coordinate if the
+         corresponding dimension is equal to \c 1.
+         For instance, pixels of a 2d image (depth() equal to \c 1) can be accessed by <tt>img(x,y,c)</tt> instead of
+         <tt>img(x,y,0,c)</tt>.
+       \warning
+       - There is \e no boundary checking done in this operator, to make it as fast as possible.
+         You \e must take care of out-of-bounds access by yourself, if necessary.
+         For debuging purposes, you may want to define macro \c 'cimg_verbosity'>=3 to enable additional boundary
+         checking operations in this operator. In that case, warning messages will be printed on the error output
+         when accessing out-of-bounds pixels.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImg<float> img(100,100,1,3,0);                   // Construct a 100x100x1x3 (color) image with pixels set to '0'.
+       const float
+          valR = img(10,10,0,0),                         // Read red value at coordinates (10,10).
+          valG = img(10,10,0,1),                         // Read green value at coordinates (10,10)
+          valB = img(10,10,2),                           // Read blue value at coordinates (10,10) (Z-coordinate can be omitted).
+          avg = (valR + valG + valB)/3;                  // Compute average pixel value.
+       img(10,10,0) = img(10,10,1) = img(10,10,2) = avg; // Replace the color pixel (10,10) by the average grey value.
+       \endcode
+    **/
+#if cimg_verbosity>=3
+    T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y=0,
+                  const unsigned int z=0, const unsigned int c=0) {
+      const unsigned long off = (unsigned long)offset(x,y,z,c);
+      if (!_data || off>=size()) {
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "operator(): Invalid pixel request, at coordinates (%u,%u,%u,%u) [offset=%u].",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   x,y,z,c,off);
+        return *_data;
+      }
+      else return _data[off];
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value \const.
+    const T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y=0,
+                        const unsigned int z=0, const unsigned int c=0) const {
+      return const_cast<CImg<T>*>(this)->operator()(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value.
+    /**
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param wh Precomputed offset, must be equal to <tt>width()*\ref height()</tt>.
+       \param whd Precomputed offset, must be equal to <tt>width()*\ref height()*\ref depth()</tt>.
+       \note
+       - Similar to (but faster than) operator()().
+         It uses precomputed offsets to optimize memory access. You may use it to optimize
+         the reading/writing of several pixel values in the same image (e.g. in a loop).
+     **/
+    T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int c,
+                  const unsigned long wh, const unsigned long whd=0) {
+      cimg::unused(wh,whd);
+      return (*this)(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value \const.
+    const T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int c,
+                        const unsigned long wh, const unsigned long whd=0) const {
+      cimg::unused(wh,whd);
+      return (*this)(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+#else
+    T& operator()(const unsigned int x) {
+      return _data[x];
+    }
+
+    const T& operator()(const unsigned int x) const {
+      return _data[x];
+    }
+
+    T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y) {
+      return _data[x + y*_width];
+    }
+
+    const T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y) const {
+      return _data[x + y*_width];
+    }
+
+    T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z) {
+      return _data[x + y*(unsigned long)_width + z*(unsigned long)_width*_height];
+   }
+
+    const T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z) const {
+      return _data[x + y*(unsigned long)_width + z*(unsigned long)_width*_height];
+    }
+
+    T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int c) {
+      return _data[x + y*(unsigned long)_width + z*(unsigned long)_width*_height +
+                   c*(unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth];
+    }
+
+    const T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int c) const {
+      return _data[x + y*(unsigned long)_width + z*(unsigned long)_width*_height +
+                   c*(unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth];
+    }
+
+    T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int,
+                  const unsigned long wh) {
+      return _data[x + y*_width + z*wh];
+    }
+
+    const T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int,
+                        const unsigned long wh) const {
+      return _data[x + y*_width + z*wh];
+    }
+
+    T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int c,
+                  const unsigned long wh, const unsigned long whd) {
+      return _data[x + y*_width + z*wh + c*whd];
+    }
+
+    const T& operator()(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int c,
+                        const unsigned long wh, const unsigned long whd) const {
+      return _data[x + y*_width + z*wh + c*whd];
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Implicitely cast an image into a \c T*.
+    /**
+       Implicitely cast a \c CImg<T> instance into a \c T* or \c const \c T* pointer, whether the image instance
+       is \e const or not. The returned pointer points on the first value of the image pixel buffer.
+       \note
+       - It simply returns the pointer data() to the pixel buffer.
+       - This implicit conversion is convenient to test the empty state of images (data() being \c 0 in this case), e.g.
+       \code
+       CImg<float> img1(100,100), img2; // 'img1' is a 100x100 image, 'img2' is an empty image.
+       if (img1) {                      // Test succeeds, 'img1' is not an empty image.
+         if (!img2) {                   // Test succeeds, 'img2' is an empty image.
+           std::printf("'img1' is not empty, 'img2' is empty.");
+         }
+       }
+       \endcode
+       - It also allows to use brackets to access pixel values, without need for a \c CImg<T>::operator[](), e.g.
+       \code
+       CImg<float> img(100,100);
+       const float value = img[99]; // Access to value of the last pixel on the first row.
+       img[510] = 255;              // Set pixel value at (10,5).
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    operator T*() {
+      return _data;
+    }
+
+    //! Implicitely cast an image into a \c T* \const.
+    operator const T*() const {
+      return _data;
+    }
+
+    //! Assign a value to all image pixels.
+    /**
+       Assign specified \c value to each pixel value of the image instance.
+       \param value Value that will be assigned to image pixels.
+       \note
+       - The image size is never modified.
+       - The \c value may be casted to pixel type \c T if necessary.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImg<char> img(100,100); // Declare image (with garbage values).
+       img = 0;                 // Set all pixel values to '0'.
+       img = 1.2;               // Set all pixel values to '1' (cast of '1.2' as a 'char').
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& operator=(const T value) {
+      return fill(value);
+    }
+
+    //! Assign pixels values from a specified expression.
+    /**
+       Initialize all pixel values from the specified string \c expression.
+       \param expression Value string describing the way pixel values are set.
+       \note
+       - String parameter \c expression may describe different things:
+         - If \c expression is a list of values (as in \c "1,2,3,8,3,2"), or a formula (as in \c "(x*y)%255"),
+           the pixel values are set from specified \c expression and the image size is not modified.
+         - If \c expression is a filename (as in \c "reference.jpg"), the corresponding image file is loaded and
+           replace the image instance. The image size is modified if necessary.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImg<float> img1(100,100), img2(img1), img3(img1); // Declare three 100x100 scalar images with unitialized pixel values.
+       img1 = "0,50,100,150,200,250,200,150,100,50";      // Set pixel values of 'img1' from a value sequence.
+       img2 = "10*((x*y)%25)";                            // Set pixel values of 'img2' from a formula.
+       img3 = "reference.jpg";                            // Set pixel values of 'img3' from a file (image size is modified).
+       (img1,img2,img3).display();
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_operator_eq.jpg
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& operator=(const char *const expression) {
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      try {
+        fill(expression,true);
+      } catch (CImgException&) {
+        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+        load(expression);
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Copy an image into the current image instance.
+    /**
+       Similar to the in-place copy constructor assign(const CImg<t>&).
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& operator=(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      return assign(img);
+    }
+
+    //! Copy an image into the current image instance \specialization.
+    CImg<T>& operator=(const CImg<T>& img) {
+      return assign(img);
+    }
+
+    //! Copy the content of a display window to the current image instance.
+    /**
+       Similar to assign(const CImgDisplay&).
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& operator=(const CImgDisplay& disp) {
+      disp.snapshot(*this);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place addition operator.
+    /**
+       Add specified \c value to all pixels of an image instance.
+       \param value Value to add.
+       \note
+       - Resulting pixel values are casted to fit the pixel type \c T.
+         For instance, adding \c 0.2 to a \c CImg<char> is possible but does nothing indeed.
+       - Overflow values are treated as with standard C++ numeric types. For instance,
+       \code
+       CImg<unsigned char> img(100,100,1,1,255); // Construct a 100x100 image with pixel values '255'.
+       img+=1;                                   // Add '1' to each pixels -> Overflow.
+       // here all pixels of image 'img' are equal to '0'.
+       \endcode
+       - To prevent value overflow, you may want to consider pixel type \c T as \c float or \c double,
+         and use cut() after addition.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImg<unsigned char> img1("reference.jpg");          // Load a 8-bits RGB image (values in [0,255]).
+       CImg<float> img2(img1);                             // Construct a float-valued copy of 'img1'.
+       img2+=100;                                          // Add '100' to pixel values -> goes out of [0,255] but no problems with floats.
+       img2.cut(0,255);                                    // Cut values in [0,255] to fit the 'unsigned char' constraint.
+       img1 = img2;                                        // Rewrite safe result in 'unsigned char' version 'img1'.
+       const CImg<unsigned char> img3 = (img1 + 100).cut(0,255); // Do the same in a more simple and elegant way.
+       (img1,img2,img3).display();
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_operator_plus.jpg
+     **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& operator+=(const t value) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=524288)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd + value);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place addition operator.
+    /**
+       Add values to image pixels, according to the specified string \c expression.
+       \param expression Value string describing the way pixel values are added.
+       \note
+       - Similar to operator=(const char*), except that it adds values to the pixels of the current image instance,
+         instead of assigning them.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& operator+=(const char *const expression) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      try {
+        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
+        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"operator+=");
+        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
+        if (*expression=='<') cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd + mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
+        else if (*expression=='>') cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd + mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        else {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
+#pragma omp parallel
+            {
+              _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
+#pragma omp for collapse(3)
+              cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+                T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd + lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+              }
+            }
+          else
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd + mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        }
+      } catch (CImgException&) {
+        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+        *this+=CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,expression,true);
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place addition operator.
+    /**
+       Add values to image pixels, according to the values of the input image \c img.
+       \param img Input image to add.
+       \note
+       - The size of the image instance is never modified.
+       - It is not mandatory that input image \c img has the same size as the image instance.
+         If less values are available in \c img, then the values are added periodically. For instance, adding one
+         WxH scalar image (spectrum() equal to \c 1) to one WxH color image (spectrum() equal to \c 3)
+         means each color channel will be incremented with the same values at the same locations.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImg<float> img1("reference.jpg");                                   // Load a RGB color image (img1.spectrum()==3)
+       const CImg<float> img2(img1.width(),img.height(),1,1,"255*(x/w)^2"); // Construct a scalar shading (img2.spectrum()==1).
+       img1+=img2;                                                          // Add shading to each channel of 'img1'.
+       img1.cut(0,255);                                                     // Prevent [0,255] overflow.
+       (img2,img1).display();
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_operator_plus1.jpg
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& operator+=(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
+      if (siz && isiz) {
+        if (is_overlapped(img)) return *this+=+img;
+        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
+        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
+          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
+            *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd + *(ptrs++));
+        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd + *(ptrs++));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place increment operator (prefix).
+    /**
+       Add \c 1 to all image pixels, and return a reference to the current incremented image instance.
+       \note
+       - Writing \c ++img is equivalent to \c img+=1.
+     **/
+    CImg<T>& operator++() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=524288)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) ++*ptrd;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place increment operator (postfix).
+    /**
+       Add \c 1 to all image pixels, and return a new copy of the initial (pre-incremented) image instance.
+       \note
+       - Use the prefixed version operator++() if you don't need a copy of the initial
+         (pre-incremented) image instance, since a useless image copy may be expensive in terms of memory usage.
+     **/
+    CImg<T> operator++(int) {
+      const CImg<T> copy(*this,false);
+      ++*this;
+      return copy;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a non-shared copy of the image instance.
+    /**
+       \note
+       - Use this operator to ensure you get a non-shared copy of an image instance with same pixel type \c T.
+         Indeed, the usual copy constructor CImg<T>(const CImg<T>&) returns a shared copy of a shared input image,
+         and it may be not desirable to work on a regular copy (e.g. for a resize operation) if you have no
+         informations about the shared state of the input image.
+       - Writing \c (+img) is equivalent to \c CImg<T>(img,false).
+    **/
+    CImg<T> operator+() const {
+      return CImg<T>(*this,false);
+    }
+
+    //! Addition operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const t), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
+     **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<_cimg_Tt> operator+(const t value) const {
+      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false)+=value;
+    }
+
+    //! Addition operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const char*), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
+     **/
+    CImg<Tfloat> operator+(const char *const expression) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false)+=expression;
+    }
+
+    //! Addition operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const CImg<t>&), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
+     **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<_cimg_Tt> operator+(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false)+=img;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place substraction operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const t), except that it performs a substraction instead of an addition.
+     **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& operator-=(const t value) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=524288)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd - value);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place substraction operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const char*), except that it performs a substraction instead of an addition.
+     **/
+    CImg<T>& operator-=(const char *const expression) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      try {
+        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
+        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"operator-=");
+        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
+        if (*expression=='<') cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd - mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
+        else if (*expression=='>') cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd - mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        else {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
+#pragma omp parallel
+          {
+            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
+#pragma omp for collapse(3)
+            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
+              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd - lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+            }
+          }
+          else
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd - mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        }
+      } catch (CImgException&) {
+        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+        *this-=CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,expression,true);
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place substraction operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const CImg<t>&), except that it performs a substraction instead of an addition.
+     **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& operator-=(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
+      if (siz && isiz) {
+        if (is_overlapped(img)) return *this-=+img;
+        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
+        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
+          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
+            *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd - *(ptrs++));
+        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd - *(ptrs++));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place decrement operator (prefix).
+    /**
+       Similar to operator++(), except that it performs a decrement instead of an increment.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& operator--() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=524288)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = *ptrd-(T)1;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place decrement operator (postfix).
+    /**
+       Similar to operator++(int), except that it performs a decrement instead of an increment.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> operator--(int) {
+      const CImg<T> copy(*this,false);
+      --*this;
+      return copy;
+    }
+
+    //! Replace each pixel by its opposite value.
+    /**
+       \note
+       - If the computed opposite values are out-of-range, they are treated as with standard C++ numeric types.
+         For instance, the \c unsigned \c char opposite of \c 1 is \c 255.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<unsigned char>
+         img1("reference.jpg"),   // Load a RGB color image.
+         img2 = -img1;            // Compute its opposite (in 'unsigned char').
+       (img1,img2).display();
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_operator_minus.jpg
+     **/
+    CImg<T> operator-() const {
+      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,(T)0)-=*this;
+    }
+
+    //! Substraction operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator-=(const t), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<_cimg_Tt> operator-(const t value) const {
+      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false)-=value;
+    }
+
+    //! Substraction operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator-=(const char*), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
+    **/
+    CImg<Tfloat> operator-(const char *const expression) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false)-=expression;
+    }
+
+    //! Substraction operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator-=(const CImg<t>&), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<_cimg_Tt> operator-(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false)-=img;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place multiplication operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const t), except that it performs a multiplication instead of an addition.
+     **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& operator*=(const t value) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=262144)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd * value);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place multiplication operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const char*), except that it performs a multiplication instead of an addition.
+     **/
+    CImg<T>& operator*=(const char *const expression) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      try {
+        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
+        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"operator*=");
+        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
+        if (*expression=='<') cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd * mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
+        else if (*expression=='>') cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd * mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        else {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
+#pragma omp parallel
+          {
+            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
+#pragma omp for collapse(3)
+            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
+              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd * lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+            }
+          }
+          else
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd * mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        }
+      } catch (CImgException&) {
+        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+        mul(CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,expression,true));
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place multiplication operator.
+    /**
+       Replace the image instance by the matrix multiplication between the image instance and the specified matrix
+       \c img.
+       \param img Second operand of the matrix multiplication.
+       \note
+       - It does \e not compute a pointwise multiplication between two images. For this purpose, use
+         mul(const CImg<t>&) instead.
+       - The size of the image instance can be modified by this operator.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImg<float> A(2,2,1,1, 1,2,3,4);   // Construct 2x2 matrix A = [1,2;3,4].
+       const CImg<float> X(1,2,1,1, 1,2); // Construct 1x2 vector X = [1;2].
+       A*=X;                              // Assign matrix multiplication A*X to 'A'.
+       // 'A' is now a 1x2 vector whose values are [5;11].
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& operator*=(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      return ((*this)*img).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Multiplication operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator*=(const t), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<_cimg_Tt> operator*(const t value) const {
+      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false)*=value;
+    }
+
+    //! Multiplication operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator*=(const char*), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
+    **/
+    CImg<Tfloat> operator*(const char *const expression) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false)*=expression;
+    }
+
+    //! Multiplication operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator*=(const CImg<t>&), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<_cimg_Tt> operator*(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      if (_width!=img._height || _depth!=1 || _spectrum!=1)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "operator*(): Invalid multiplication of instance by specified "
+                                    "matrix (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p)",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum,img._data);
+      CImg<_cimg_Tt> res(img._width,_height);
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>1024 && img.size()>1024) collapse(2)
+      cimg_forXY(res,i,j) {
+        _cimg_Ttdouble value = 0; cimg_forX(*this,k) value+=(*this)(k,j)*img(i,k); res(i,j) = (_cimg_Tt)value;
+      }
+#else
+      _cimg_Tt *ptrd = res._data;
+      cimg_forXY(res,i,j) {
+        _cimg_Ttdouble value = 0; cimg_forX(*this,k) value+=(*this)(k,j)*img(i,k); *(ptrd++) = (_cimg_Tt)value;
+      }
+#endif
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place division operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const t), except that it performs a division instead of an addition.
+     **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& operator/=(const t value) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd / value);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place division operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const char*), except that it performs a division instead of an addition.
+     **/
+    CImg<T>& operator/=(const char *const expression) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      try {
+        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
+        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"operator/=");
+        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
+        if (*expression=='<') cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd / mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
+        else if (*expression=='>') cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd / mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        else {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
+#pragma omp parallel
+          {
+            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
+#pragma omp for collapse(3)
+            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
+              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd / lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+            }
+          }
+          else
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd / mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        }
+      } catch (CImgException&) {
+        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+        div(CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,expression,true));
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place division operator.
+    /**
+       Replace the image instance by the (right) matrix division between the image instance and the specified
+       matrix \c img.
+       \param img Second operand of the matrix division.
+       \note
+       - It does \e not compute a pointwise division between two images. For this purpose, use
+         div(const CImg<t>&) instead.
+       - It returns the matrix operation \c A*inverse(img).
+       - The size of the image instance can be modified by this operator.
+     **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& operator/=(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      return (*this*img.get_invert()).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Division operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator/=(const t), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<_cimg_Tt> operator/(const t value) const {
+      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false)/=value;
+    }
+
+    //! Division operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator/=(const char*), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
+    **/
+    CImg<Tfloat> operator/(const char *const expression) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false)/=expression;
+    }
+
+    //! Division operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator/=(const CImg<t>&), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<_cimg_Tt> operator/(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return (*this)*img.get_invert();
+    }
+
+    //! In-place modulo operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const t), except that it performs a modulo operation instead of an addition.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& operator%=(const t value) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=16384)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)cimg::mod(*ptrd,(T)value);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place modulo operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const char*), except that it performs a modulo operation instead of an addition.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& operator%=(const char *const expression) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      try {
+        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
+        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"operator%=");
+        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
+        if (*expression=='<') cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::mod(*ptrd,(T)mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
+        else if (*expression=='>') cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::mod(*ptrd,(T)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        else {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
+#pragma omp parallel
+          {
+            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
+#pragma omp for collapse(3)
+            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
+              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::mod(*ptrd,(T)lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+            }
+          }
+          else
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::mod(*ptrd,(T)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        }
+      } catch (CImgException&) {
+        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+        *this%=CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,expression,true);
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place modulo operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const CImg<t>&), except that it performs a modulo operation instead of an addition.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& operator%=(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
+      if (siz && isiz) {
+        if (is_overlapped(img)) return *this%=+img;
+        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
+        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
+          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
+            *ptrd = cimg::mod(*ptrd,(T)*(ptrs++));
+        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = cimg::mod(*ptrd,(T)*(ptrs++));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Modulo operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator%=(const t), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<_cimg_Tt> operator%(const t value) const {
+      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false)%=value;
+    }
+
+    //! Modulo operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator%=(const char*), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
+    **/
+    CImg<Tfloat> operator%(const char *const expression) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false)%=expression;
+    }
+
+    //! Modulo operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator%=(const CImg<t>&), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<_cimg_Tt> operator%(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false)%=img;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place bitwise AND operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const t), except that it performs a bitwise AND operation instead of an addition.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& operator&=(const t value) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd & (unsigned long)value);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place bitwise AND operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const char*), except that it performs a bitwise AND operation instead of an addition.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& operator&=(const char *const expression) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      try {
+        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
+        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"operator&=");
+        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
+        if (*expression=='<')
+          cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd & (unsigned long)mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
+        else if (*expression=='>')
+          cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd & (unsigned long)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        else {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
+#pragma omp parallel
+          {
+            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
+#pragma omp for collapse(3)
+            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
+              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd & (unsigned long)lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+            }
+          }
+          else
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd & (unsigned long)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        }
+      } catch (CImgException&) {
+        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+        *this&=CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,expression,true);
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place bitwise AND operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const CImg<t>&), except that it performs a bitwise AND operation instead of an addition.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& operator&=(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
+      if (siz && isiz) {
+        if (is_overlapped(img)) return *this&=+img;
+        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
+        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
+          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
+            *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd & (unsigned long)*(ptrs++));
+        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd & (unsigned long)*(ptrs++));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Bitwise AND operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator&=(const t), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> operator&(const t value) const {
+      return (+*this)&=value;
+    }
+
+    //! Bitwise AND operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator&=(const char*), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> operator&(const char *const expression) const {
+      return (+*this)&=expression;
+    }
+
+    //! Bitwise AND operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator&=(const CImg<t>&), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> operator&(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return (+*this)&=img;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place bitwise OR operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const t), except that it performs a bitwise OR operation instead of an addition.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& operator|=(const t value) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd | (unsigned long)value);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place bitwise OR operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const char*), except that it performs a bitwise OR operation instead of an addition.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& operator|=(const char *const expression) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      try {
+        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
+        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"operator|=");
+        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
+        if (*expression=='<')
+          cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd | (unsigned long)mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
+        else if (*expression=='>')
+          cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd | (unsigned long)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        else {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
+#pragma omp parallel
+          {
+            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
+#pragma omp for collapse(3)
+            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
+              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd | (unsigned long)lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+            }
+          }
+          else
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd | (unsigned long)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        }
+      } catch (CImgException&) {
+        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+        *this|=CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,expression,true);
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place bitwise OR operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const CImg<t>&), except that it performs a bitwise OR operation instead of an addition.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& operator|=(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
+      if (siz && isiz) {
+        if (is_overlapped(img)) return *this|=+img;
+        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
+        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
+          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
+            *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd | (unsigned long)*(ptrs++));
+        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd | (unsigned long)*(ptrs++));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Bitwise OR operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator|=(const t), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> operator|(const t value) const {
+      return (+*this)|=value;
+    }
+
+    //! Bitwise OR operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator|=(const char*), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> operator|(const char *const expression) const {
+      return (+*this)|=expression;
+    }
+
+    //! Bitwise OR operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator|=(const CImg<t>&), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> operator|(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return (+*this)|=img;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place bitwise XOR operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const t), except that it performs a bitwise XOR operation instead of an addition.
+       \warning
+       - It does \e not compute the \e power of pixel values. For this purpose, use pow(const t) instead.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& operator^=(const t value) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd ^ (unsigned long)value);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place bitwise XOR operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const char*), except that it performs a bitwise XOR operation instead of an addition.
+       \warning
+       - It does \e not compute the \e power of pixel values. For this purpose, use pow(const char*) instead.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& operator^=(const char *const expression) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      try {
+        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
+        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"operator^=");
+        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
+        if (*expression=='<')
+          cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd ^ (unsigned long)mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
+        else if (*expression=='>')
+          cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd ^ (unsigned long)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        else {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
+#pragma omp parallel
+            {
+              _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
+#pragma omp for collapse(3)
+              cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+                T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd ^ (unsigned long)lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+              }
+            }
+          else
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd ^ (unsigned long)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        }
+      } catch (CImgException&) {
+        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+        *this^=CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,expression,true);
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place bitwise XOR operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const CImg<t>&), except that it performs a bitwise XOR operation instead of an addition.
+       \warning
+       - It does \e not compute the \e power of pixel values. For this purpose, use pow(const CImg<t>&) instead.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& operator^=(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
+      if (siz && isiz) {
+        if (is_overlapped(img)) return *this^=+img;
+        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
+        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
+          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
+            *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd ^ (unsigned long)*(ptrs++));
+        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)((unsigned long)*ptrd ^ (unsigned long)*(ptrs++));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Bitwise XOR operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator^=(const t), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> operator^(const t value) const {
+      return (+*this)^=value;
+    }
+
+    //! Bitwise XOR operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator^=(const char*), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> operator^(const char *const expression) const {
+      return (+*this)^=expression;
+    }
+
+    //! Bitwise XOR operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator^=(const CImg<t>&), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> operator^(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return (+*this)^=img;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place bitwise left shift operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const t), except that it performs a bitwise left shift instead of an addition.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& operator<<=(const t value) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=65536)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)(((long)*ptrd) << (int)value);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place bitwise left shift operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const char*), except that it performs a bitwise left shift instead of an addition.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& operator<<=(const char *const expression) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      try {
+        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
+        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"operator<<=");
+        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
+        if (*expression=='<') cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd << (int)mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
+        else if (*expression=='>') cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd << (int)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        else {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
+#pragma omp parallel
+          {
+            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
+#pragma omp for collapse(3)
+            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
+              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd << (int)lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+            }
+          }
+          else
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd << (int)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        }
+      } catch (CImgException&) {
+        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+        *this<<=CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,expression,true);
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place bitwise left shift operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const CImg<t>&), except that it performs a bitwise left shift instead of an addition.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& operator<<=(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
+      if (siz && isiz) {
+        if (is_overlapped(img)) return *this^=+img;
+        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
+        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
+          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
+            *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd << (int)*(ptrs++));
+        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd << (int)*(ptrs++));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Bitwise left shift operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator<<=(const t), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> operator<<(const t value) const {
+      return (+*this)<<=value;
+    }
+
+    //! Bitwise left shift operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator<<=(const char*), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> operator<<(const char *const expression) const {
+      return (+*this)<<=expression;
+    }
+
+    //! Bitwise left shift operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator<<=(const CImg<t>&), except that it returns a new image instance instead of
+       operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> operator<<(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return (+*this)<<=img;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place bitwise right shift operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const t), except that it performs a bitwise right shift instead of an addition.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& operator>>=(const t value) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=65536)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)(((long)*ptrd) >> (int)value);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place bitwise right shift operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const char*), except that it performs a bitwise right shift instead of an addition.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& operator>>=(const char *const expression) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      try {
+        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
+        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"operator<<=");
+        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
+        if (*expression=='<') cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd >> (int)mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
+        else if (*expression=='>') cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd >> (int)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        else {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
+#pragma omp parallel
+          {
+            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
+#pragma omp for collapse(3)
+            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
+              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd >> (int)lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+            }
+          }
+          else
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd >> (int)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        }
+      } catch (CImgException&) {
+        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+        *this>>=CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,expression,true);
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place bitwise right shift operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const CImg<t>&), except that it performs a bitwise right shift instead of an addition.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& operator>>=(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
+      if (siz && isiz) {
+        if (is_overlapped(img)) return *this^=+img;
+        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
+        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
+          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
+            *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd >> (int)*(ptrs++));
+        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)((long)*ptrd >> (int)*(ptrs++));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Bitwise right shift operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator>>=(const t), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> operator>>(const t value) const {
+      return (+*this)>>=value;
+    }
+
+    //! Bitwise right shift operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator>>=(const char*), except that it returns a new image instance instead of operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> operator>>(const char *const expression) const {
+      return (+*this)>>=expression;
+    }
+
+    //! Bitwise right shift operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator>>=(const CImg<t>&), except that it returns a new image instance instead of
+       operating in-place.
+       The pixel type of the returned image is \c T.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> operator>>(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return (+*this)>>=img;
+    }
+
+    //! Bitwise inversion operator.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator-(), except that it compute the bitwise inverse instead of the opposite value.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> operator~() const {
+      CImg<T> res(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+      const T *ptrs = _data;
+      cimg_for(res,ptrd,T) { const unsigned long value = (unsigned long)*(ptrs++); *ptrd = (T)~value; }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if all pixels of an image have the same value.
+    /**
+       Return \c true is all pixels of the image instance are equal to the specified \c value.
+       \param value Reference value to compare with.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool operator==(const t value) const {
+      if (is_empty()) return false;
+      typedef _cimg_Tt Tt;
+      bool is_equal = true;
+      for (T *ptrd = _data + size(); is_equal && ptrd>_data; is_equal = ((Tt)*(--ptrd)==(Tt)value)) {}
+      return is_equal;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if all pixel values of an image follow a specified expression.
+    /**
+       Return \c true is all pixels of the image instance are equal to the specified \c expression.
+       \param expression Value string describing the way pixel values are compared.
+    **/
+    bool operator==(const char *const expression) const {
+      if (is_empty()) return !*expression;
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      bool is_equal = true;
+      try {
+        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
+        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"operator<<=");
+        const T *ptrs = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
+        if (*expression=='<')
+          cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { if (!is_equal) break; is_equal = ((double)*(ptrs--)==mp(x,y,z,c)); }
+        else if (*expression=='>')
+          cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { if (!is_equal) break; is_equal = ((double)*(ptrs++)==mp(x,y,z,c)); }
+        else cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { if (!is_equal) break; is_equal = ((double)*(ptrs++)==mp(x,y,z,c)); }
+      } catch (CImgException&) {
+        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+        is_equal = (*this==CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,expression,true));
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      return is_equal;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if two images have the same size and values.
+    /**
+       Return \c true if the image instance and the input image \c img have the same dimensions and pixel values,
+       and \c false otherwise.
+       \param img Input image to compare with.
+       \note
+       - The pixel buffer pointers data() of the two compared images do not have to be the same for operator==()
+         to return \c true.
+         Only the dimensions and the pixel values matter. Thus, the comparison can be \c true even for different
+         pixel types \c T and \c t.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img1(1,3,1,1, 0,1,2); // Construct a 1x3 vector [0;1;2] (with 'float' pixel values).
+       const CImg<char> img2(1,3,1,1, 0,1,2);  // Construct a 1x3 vector [0;1;2] (with 'char' pixel values).
+       if (img1==img2) {                       // Test succeeds, image dimensions and values are the same.
+         std::printf("'img1' and 'img2' have same dimensions and values.");
+       }
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool operator==(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      typedef _cimg_Tt Tt;
+      const unsigned long siz = size();
+      bool is_equal = true;
+      if (siz!=img.size()) return false;
+      t *ptrs = img._data + siz;
+      for (T *ptrd = _data + siz; is_equal && ptrd>_data; is_equal = ((Tt)*(--ptrd)==(Tt)*(--ptrs))) {}
+      return is_equal;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if pixels of an image are all different from a value.
+    /**
+       Return \c true is all pixels of the image instance are different than the specified \c value.
+       \param value Reference value to compare with.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool operator!=(const t value) const {
+      return !((*this)==value);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if all pixel values of an image are different from a specified expression.
+    /**
+       Return \c true is all pixels of the image instance are different to the specified \c expression.
+       \param expression Value string describing the way pixel values are compared.
+    **/
+    bool operator!=(const char *const expression) const {
+      return !((*this)==expression);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if two images have different sizes or values.
+    /**
+       Return \c true if the image instance and the input image \c img have different dimensions or pixel values,
+       and \c false otherwise.
+       \param img Input image to compare with.
+       \note
+       - Writing \c img1!=img2 is equivalent to \c !(img1==img2).
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool operator!=(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return !((*this)==img);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct an image list from two images.
+    /**
+       Return a new list of image (\c CImgList instance) containing exactly two elements:
+         - A copy of the image instance, at position [\c 0].
+         - A copy of the specified image \c img, at position [\c 1].
+
+       \param img Input image that will be the second image of the resulting list.
+       \note
+       - The family of operator,() is convenient to easily create list of images, but it is also \e quite \e slow
+         in practice (see warning below).
+       - Constructed lists contain no shared images. If image instance or input image \c img are shared, they are
+         inserted as new non-shared copies in the resulting list.
+       - The pixel type of the returned list may be a superset of the initial pixel type \c T, if necessary.
+       \warning
+       - Pipelining operator,() \c N times will perform \c N copies of the entire content of a (growing) image list.
+         This may become very expensive in terms of speed and used memory. You should avoid using this technique to
+         build a new CImgList instance from several images, if you are seeking for performance.
+         Fast insertions of images in an image list are possible with
+         CImgList<T>::insert(const CImg<t>&,unsigned int,bool) or move_to(CImgList<t>&,unsigned int).
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float>
+          img1("reference.jpg"),
+          img2 = img1.get_mirror('x'),
+          img3 = img2.get_blur(5);
+       const CImgList<float> list = (img1,img2); // Create list of two elements from 'img1' and 'img2'.
+       (list,img3).display();                    // Display image list containing copies of 'img1','img2' and 'img3'.
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_operator_comma.jpg
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<_cimg_Tt> operator,(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return CImgList<_cimg_Tt>(*this,img);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct an image list from image instance and an input image list.
+    /**
+       Return a new list of images (\c CImgList instance) containing exactly \c list.size() \c + \c 1 elements:
+         - A copy of the image instance, at position [\c 0].
+         - A copy of the specified image list \c list, from positions [\c 1] to [\c list.size()].
+
+       \param list Input image list that will be appended to the image instance.
+       \note
+       - Similar to operator,(const CImg<t>&) const, except that it takes an image list as an argument.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<_cimg_Tt> operator,(const CImgList<t>& list) const {
+      return CImgList<_cimg_Tt>(list,false).insert(*this,0);
+    }
+
+    //! Split image along specified axis.
+    /**
+       Return a new list of images (\c CImgList instance) containing the splitted components
+       of the instance image along the specified axis.
+       \param axis Splitting axis (can be '\c x','\c y','\c z' or '\c c')
+       \note
+       - Similar to get_split(char,int) const, with default second argument.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<unsigned char> img("reference.jpg"); // Load a RGB color image.
+       const CImgList<unsigned char> list = (img<'c'); // Get a list of its three R,G,B channels.
+       (img,list).display();
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_operator_less.jpg
+    **/
+    CImgList<T> operator<(const char axis) const {
+      return get_split(axis);
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //-------------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Instance Characteristics
+    //@{
+    //-------------------------------------
+
+    //! Return the type of image pixel values as a C string.
+    /**
+       Return a \c char* string containing the usual type name of the image pixel values
+       (i.e. a stringified version of the template parameter \c T).
+       \note
+       - The returned string may contain spaces (as in \c "unsigned char").
+       - If the pixel type \c T does not correspond to a registered type, the string <tt>"unknown"</tt> is returned.
+    **/
+    static const char* pixel_type() {
+      return cimg::type<T>::string();
+    }
+
+    //! Return the number of image columns.
+    /**
+       Return the image width, i.e. the image dimension along the X-axis.
+       \note
+       - The width() of an empty image is equal to \c 0.
+       - width() is typically equal to \c 1 when considering images as \e vectors for matrix calculations.
+       - width() returns an \c int, although the image width is internally stored as an \c unsigned \c int.
+         Using an \c int is safer and prevents arithmetic traps possibly encountered when doing calculations involving
+         \c unsigned \c int variables.
+         Access to the initial \c unsigned \c int variable is possible (though not recommended) by
+         <tt>(*this)._width</tt>.
+    **/
+    int width() const {
+      return (int)_width;
+    }
+
+    //! Return the number of image rows.
+    /**
+       Return the image height, i.e. the image dimension along the Y-axis.
+       \note
+       - The height() of an empty image is equal to \c 0.
+       - height() returns an \c int, although the image height is internally stored as an \c unsigned \c int.
+         Using an \c int is safer and prevents arithmetic traps possibly encountered when doing calculations involving
+         \c unsigned \c int variables.
+         Access to the initial \c unsigned \c int variable is possible (though not recommended) by
+         <tt>(*this)._height</tt>.
+    **/
+    int height() const {
+      return (int)_height;
+    }
+
+    //! Return the number of image slices.
+    /**
+       Return the image depth, i.e. the image dimension along the Z-axis.
+       \note
+       - The depth() of an empty image is equal to \c 0.
+       - depth() is typically equal to \c 1 when considering usual 2d images. When depth()\c > \c 1, the image
+         is said to be \e volumetric.
+       - depth() returns an \c int, although the image depth is internally stored as an \c unsigned \c int.
+         Using an \c int is safer and prevents arithmetic traps possibly encountered when doing calculations involving
+         \c unsigned \c int variables.
+         Access to the initial \c unsigned \c int variable is possible (though not recommended) by
+         <tt>(*this)._depth</tt>.
+    **/
+    int depth() const {
+      return (int)_depth;
+    }
+
+    //! Return the number of image channels.
+    /**
+       Return the number of image channels, i.e. the image dimension along the C-axis.
+       \note
+       - The spectrum() of an empty image is equal to \c 0.
+       - spectrum() is typically equal to \c 1 when considering scalar-valued images, to \c 3
+         for RGB-coded color images, and to \c 4 for RGBA-coded color images (with alpha-channel).
+         The number of channels of an image instance is not limited. The meaning of the pixel values is not linked
+         up to the number of channels (e.g. a 4-channel image may indifferently stands for a RGBA or CMYK color image).
+       - spectrum() returns an \c int, although the image spectrum is internally stored as an \c unsigned \c int.
+         Using an \c int is safer and prevents arithmetic traps possibly encountered when doing calculations involving
+         \c unsigned \c int variables.
+         Access to the initial \c unsigned \c int variable is possible (though not recommended) by
+         <tt>(*this)._spectrum</tt>.
+    **/
+    int spectrum() const {
+      return (int)_spectrum;
+    }
+
+    //! Return the total number of pixel values.
+    /**
+       Return <tt>width()*\ref height()*\ref depth()*\ref spectrum()</tt>,
+       i.e. the total number of values of type \c T in the pixel buffer of the image instance.
+       \note
+       - The size() of an empty image is equal to \c 0.
+       - The allocated memory size for a pixel buffer of a non-shared \c CImg<T> instance is equal to
+         <tt>size()*sizeof(T)</tt>.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img(100,100,1,3);               // Construct new 100x100 color image.
+       if (img.size()==30000)                            // Test succeeds.
+         std::printf("Pixel buffer uses %lu bytes",
+                     img.size()*sizeof(float));
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    unsigned long size() const {
+      return (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth*_spectrum;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a pointer to the first pixel value.
+    /**
+       Return a \c T*, or a \c const \c T* pointer to the first value in the pixel buffer of the image instance,
+       whether the instance is \c const or not.
+       \note
+       - The data() of an empty image is equal to \c 0 (null pointer).
+       - The allocated pixel buffer for the image instance starts from \c data()
+         and goes to <tt>data()+\ref size()-1</tt> (included).
+       - To get the pointer to one particular location of the pixel buffer, use
+         data(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int) instead.
+    **/
+    T* data() {
+      return _data;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a pointer to the first pixel value \const.
+    const T* data() const {
+      return _data;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a pointer to a located pixel value.
+    /**
+       Return a \c T*, or a \c const \c T* pointer to the value located at (\c x,\c y,\c z,\c c) in the pixel buffer
+       of the image instance,
+       whether the instance is \c const or not.
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \note
+       - Writing \c img.data(x,y,z,c) is equivalent to <tt>&(img(x,y,z,c))</tt>. Thus, this method has the same
+         properties as operator()(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int).
+     **/
+#if cimg_verbosity>=3
+    T *data(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y=0, const unsigned int z=0, const unsigned int c=0) {
+      const unsigned long off = (unsigned long)offset(x,y,z,c);
+      if (off>=size())
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "data(): Invalid pointer request, at coordinates (%u,%u,%u,%u) [offset=%u].",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   x,y,z,c,off);
+      return _data + off;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a pointer to a located pixel value \const.
+    const T* data(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y=0, const unsigned int z=0, const unsigned int c=0) const {
+      return const_cast<CImg<T>*>(this)->data(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+#else
+    T* data(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y=0, const unsigned int z=0, const unsigned int c=0) {
+      return _data + x + y*(unsigned long)_width + z*(unsigned long)_width*_height +
+        c*(unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+    }
+
+    const T* data(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y=0, const unsigned int z=0, const unsigned int c=0) const {
+      return _data + x + y*_width + z*(unsigned long)_width*_height + c*(unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Return the offset to a located pixel value, with respect to the beginning of the pixel buffer.
+    /**
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \note
+       - Writing \c img.data(x,y,z,c) is equivalent to <tt>&(img(x,y,z,c)) - img.data()</tt>.
+         Thus, this method has the same properties as operator()(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int).
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img(100,100,1,3);      // Define a 100x100 RGB-color image.
+       const long off = img.offset(10,10,0,2);  // Get the offset of the blue value of the pixel located at (10,10).
+       const float val = img[off];              // Get the blue value of this pixel.
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    long offset(const int x, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
+      return x + y*(long)_width + z*(long)_width*_height + c*(long)_width*_height*_depth;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a CImg<T>::iterator pointing to the first pixel value.
+    /**
+       \note
+       - Equivalent to data().
+       - It has been mainly defined for compatibility with STL naming conventions.
+     **/
+    iterator begin() {
+      return _data;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a CImg<T>::iterator pointing to the first value of the pixel buffer \const.
+    const_iterator begin() const {
+      return _data;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a CImg<T>::iterator pointing next to the last pixel value.
+    /**
+       \note
+       - Writing \c img.end() is equivalent to <tt>img.data() + img.size()</tt>.
+       - It has been mainly defined for compatibility with STL naming conventions.
+       \warning
+       - The returned iterator actually points to a value located \e outside the acceptable bounds of the pixel buffer.
+         Trying to read or write the content of the returned iterator will probably result in a crash.
+         Use it mainly as a strict upper bound for a CImg<T>::iterator.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImg<float> img(100,100,1,3);                                     // Define a 100x100 RGB color image.
+       for (CImg<float>::iterator it = img.begin(); it<img.end(); ++it)  // 'img.end()' used here as an upper bound for the iterator.
+         *it = 0;
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    iterator end() {
+      return _data + size();
+    }
+
+    //! Return a CImg<T>::iterator pointing next to the last pixel value \const.
+    const_iterator end() const {
+      return _data + size();
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to the first pixel value.
+    /**
+       \note
+       - Writing \c img.front() is equivalent to <tt>img[0]</tt>, or <tt>img(0,0,0,0)</tt>.
+       - It has been mainly defined for compatibility with STL naming conventions.
+    **/
+    T& front() {
+      return *_data;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to the first pixel value \const.
+    const T& front() const {
+      return *_data;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to the last pixel value.
+    /**
+       \note
+       - Writing \c img.end() is equivalent to <tt>img[img.size()-1]</tt>, or
+         <tt>img(img.width()-1,img.height()-1,img.depth()-1,img.spectrum()-1)</tt>.
+       - It has been mainly defined for compatibility with STL naming conventions.
+    **/
+    T& back() {
+      return *(_data + size() - 1);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to the last pixel value \const.
+    const T& back() const {
+      return *(_data + size() - 1);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value at a specified offset, using Dirichlet boundary conditions.
+    /**
+       Return a reference to the pixel value of the image instance located at a specified \c offset,
+       or to a specified default value in case of out-of-bounds access.
+       \param offset Offset to the desired pixel value.
+       \param out_value Default value returned if \c offset is outside image bounds.
+       \note
+       - Writing \c img.at(offset,out_value) is similar to <tt>img[offset]</tt>, except that if \c offset
+         is outside bounds (e.g. \c offset<0 or \c offset>=img.size()), a reference to a value \c out_value
+         is safely returned instead.
+       - Due to the additional boundary checking operation, this method is slower than operator()(). Use it when
+         you are \e not sure about the validity of the specified pixel offset.
+    **/
+    T& at(const int offset, const T out_value) {
+      return (offset<0 || offset>=(int)size())?(cimg::temporary(out_value)=out_value):(*this)[offset];
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value at a specified offset, using Dirichlet boundary conditions \const.
+    T at(const int offset, const T out_value) const {
+      return (offset<0 || offset>=(int)size())?out_value:(*this)[offset];
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value at a specified offset, using Neumann boundary conditions.
+    /**
+       Return a reference to the pixel value of the image instance located at a specified \c offset,
+       or to the nearest pixel location in the image instance in case of out-of-bounds access.
+       \param offset Offset to the desired pixel value.
+       \note
+       - Similar to at(int,const T), except that an out-of-bounds access returns the value of the
+         nearest pixel in the image instance, regarding the specified offset, i.e.
+         - If \c offset<0, then \c img[0] is returned.
+         - If \c offset>=img.size(), then \c img[img.size()-1] is returned.
+       - Due to the additional boundary checking operation, this method is slower than operator()(). Use it when
+         you are \e not sure about the validity of the specified pixel offset.
+       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method \c _at(int).
+     **/
+    T& at(const int offset) {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "at(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      return _at(offset);
+    }
+
+    T& _at(const int offset) {
+      const unsigned int siz = (unsigned int)size();
+      return (*this)[offset<0?0:(unsigned int)offset>=siz?siz-1:offset];
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value at a specified offset, using Neumann boundary conditions \const.
+    T at(const int offset) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "at(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      return _at(offset);
+    }
+
+    T _at(const int offset) const {
+      const unsigned int siz = (unsigned int)size();
+      return (*this)[offset<0?0:(unsigned int)offset>=siz?siz-1:offset];
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value, using Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X-coordinate.
+    /**
+       Return a reference to the pixel value of the image instance located at (\c x,\c y,\c z,\c c),
+       or to a specified default value in case of out-of-bounds access along the X-axis.
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param out_value Default value returned if \c (\c x,\c y,\c z,\c c) is outside image bounds.
+       \note
+       - Similar to operator()(), except that an out-of-bounds access along the X-axis returns the specified value
+         \c out_value.
+       - Due to the additional boundary checking operation, this method is slower than operator()(). Use it when
+         you are \e not sure about the validity of the specified pixel coordinates.
+       \warning
+       - There is \e no boundary checking performed for the Y,Z and C-coordinates, so they must be inside image bounds.
+    **/
+    T& atX(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) {
+      return (x<0 || x>=width())?(cimg::temporary(out_value)=out_value):(*this)(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value, using Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X-coordinate \const.
+    T atX(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
+      return (x<0 || x>=width())?out_value:(*this)(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value, using Neumann boundary conditions for the X-coordinate.
+    /**
+       Return a reference to the pixel value of the image instance located at (\c x,\c y,\c z,\c c),
+       or to the nearest pixel location in the image instance in case of out-of-bounds access along the X-axis.
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \note
+       - Similar to at(int,int,int,int,const T), except that an out-of-bounds access returns the value of the
+         nearest pixel in the image instance, regarding the specified X-coordinate.
+       - Due to the additional boundary checking operation, this method is slower than operator()(). Use it when
+         you are \e not sure about the validity of the specified pixel coordinates.
+       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method
+         \c _at(int,int,int,int).
+       \warning
+       - There is \e no boundary checking performed for the Y,Z and C-coordinates, so they must be inside image bounds.
+     **/
+    T& atX(const int x, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "atX(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      return _atX(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    T& _atX(const int x, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) {
+      return (*this)(x<0?0:(x>=width()?width()-1:x),y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value, using Neumann boundary conditions for the X-coordinate \const.
+    T atX(const int x, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "atX(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      return _atX(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    T _atX(const int x, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
+      return (*this)(x<0?0:(x>=width()?width()-1:x),y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value, using Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X and Y-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Similar to atX(int,int,int,int,const T), except that boundary checking is performed both on X and Y-coordinates.
+    **/
+    T& atXY(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) {
+      return (x<0 || y<0 || x>=width() || y>=height())?(cimg::temporary(out_value)=out_value):(*this)(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value, using Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X and Y coordinates \const.
+    T atXY(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
+      return (x<0 || y<0 || x>=width() || y>=height())?out_value:(*this)(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value, using Neumann boundary conditions for the X and Y-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Similar to atX(int,int,int,int), except that boundary checking is performed both on X and Y-coordinates.
+       \note
+       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method
+         \c _atXY(int,int,int,int).
+     **/
+    T& atXY(const int x, const int y, const int z=0, const int c=0) {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "atXY(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      return _atXY(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    T& _atXY(const int x, const int y, const int z=0, const int c=0) {
+      return (*this)(x<0?0:(x>=width()?width()-1:x), y<0?0:(y>=height()?height()-1:y),z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value, using Neumann boundary conditions for the X and Y-coordinates \const.
+    T atXY(const int x, const int y, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "atXY(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      return _atXY(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    T _atXY(const int x, const int y, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
+      return (*this)(x<0?0:(x>=width()?width()-1:x), y<0?0:(y>=height()?height()-1:y),z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value, using Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X,Y and Z-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Similar to atX(int,int,int,int,const T), except that boundary checking is performed both on
+       X,Y and Z-coordinates.
+    **/
+    T& atXYZ(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) {
+      return (x<0 || y<0 || z<0 || x>=width() || y>=height() || z>=depth())?
+        (cimg::temporary(out_value)=out_value):(*this)(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value, using Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X,Y and Z-coordinates \const.
+    T atXYZ(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
+      return (x<0 || y<0 || z<0 || x>=width() || y>=height() || z>=depth())?out_value:(*this)(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value, using Neumann boundary conditions for the X,Y and Z-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Similar to atX(int,int,int,int), except that boundary checking is performed both on X,Y and Z-coordinates.
+       \note
+       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method
+         \c _atXYZ(int,int,int,int).
+    **/
+    T& atXYZ(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c=0) {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "atXYZ(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      return _atXYZ(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    T& _atXYZ(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c=0) {
+      return (*this)(x<0?0:(x>=width()?width()-1:x),y<0?0:(y>=height()?height()-1:y),
+                     z<0?0:(z>=depth()?depth()-1:z),c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value, using Neumann boundary conditions for the X,Y and Z-coordinates \const.
+    T atXYZ(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c=0) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "atXYZ(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      return _atXYZ(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    T _atXYZ(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c=0) const {
+      return (*this)(x<0?0:(x>=width()?width()-1:x),y<0?0:(y>=height()?height()-1:y),
+                     z<0?0:(z>=depth()?depth()-1:z),c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value, using Dirichlet boundary conditions.
+    /**
+       Similar to atX(int,int,int,int,const T), except that boundary checking is performed on all
+       X,Y,Z and C-coordinates.
+    **/
+    T& atXYZC(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) {
+      return (x<0 || y<0 || z<0 || c<0 || x>=width() || y>=height() || z>=depth() || c>=spectrum())?
+        (cimg::temporary(out_value)=out_value):(*this)(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value, using Dirichlet boundary conditions \const.
+    T atXYZC(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
+      return (x<0 || y<0 || z<0 || c<0 || x>=width() || y>=height() || z>=depth() || c>=spectrum())?out_value:
+        (*this)(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value, using Neumann boundary conditions.
+    /**
+       Similar to atX(int,int,int,int), except that boundary checking is performed on all X,Y,Z and C-coordinates.
+       \note
+       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method
+         \c _atXYZC(int,int,int,int).
+    **/
+    T& atXYZC(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c) {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "atXYZC(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      return _atXYZC(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    T& _atXYZC(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c) {
+      return (*this)(x<0?0:(x>=width()?width()-1:x), y<0?0:(y>=height()?height()-1:y),
+                     z<0?0:(z>=depth()?depth()-1:z), c<0?0:(c>=spectrum()?spectrum()-1:c));
+    }
+
+    //! Access to a pixel value, using Neumann boundary conditions \const.
+    T atXYZC(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "atXYZC(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      return _atXYZC(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    T _atXYZC(const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c) const {
+      return (*this)(x<0?0:(x>=width()?width()-1:x), y<0?0:(y>=height()?height()-1:y),
+                     z<0?0:(z>=depth()?depth()-1:z), c<0?0:(c>=spectrum()?spectrum()-1:c));
+    }
+
+    //! Return pixel value, using linear interpolation and Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X-coordinate.
+    /**
+       Return a linearly-interpolated pixel value of the image instance located at (\c fx,\c y,\c z,\c c),
+       or a specified default value in case of out-of-bounds access along the X-axis.
+       \param fx X-coordinate of the pixel value (float-valued).
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param out_value Default value returned if \c (\c fx,\c y,\c z,\c c) is outside image bounds.
+       \note
+       - Similar to atX(int,int,int,int,const T), except that the returned pixel value is approximated by
+         a linear interpolation along the X-axis, if corresponding coordinates are not integers.
+       - The type of the returned pixel value is extended to \c float, if the pixel type \c T is not float-valued.
+       \warning
+       - There is \e no boundary checking performed for the Y,Z and C-coordinates, so they must be inside image bounds.
+    **/
+    Tfloat linear_atX(const float fx, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
+      const int
+	x = (int)fx - (fx>=0?0:1), nx = x + 1;
+      const float
+        dx = fx - x;
+      const Tfloat
+        Ic = (Tfloat)atX(x,y,z,c,out_value), In = (Tfloat)atXY(nx,y,z,c,out_value);
+      return Ic + dx*(In-Ic);
+    }
+
+    //! Return pixel value, using linear interpolation and Neumann boundary conditions for the X-coordinate.
+    /**
+       Return a linearly-interpolated pixel value of the image instance located at (\c fx,\c y,\c z,\c c),
+       or the value of the nearest pixel location in the image instance in case of out-of-bounds access along
+       the X-axis.
+       \param fx X-coordinate of the pixel value (float-valued).
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \note
+       - Similar to linear_atX(float,int,int,int,const T) const, except that an out-of-bounds access returns
+         the value of the nearest pixel in the image instance, regarding the specified X-coordinate.
+       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method
+         \c _linear_atX(float,int,int,int).
+       \warning
+       - There is \e no boundary checking performed for the Y,Z and C-coordinates, so they must be inside image bounds.
+    **/
+    Tfloat linear_atX(const float fx, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "linear_atX(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      return _linear_atX(fx,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    Tfloat _linear_atX(const float fx, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
+      const float
+        nfx = fx<0?0:(fx>_width-1?_width-1:fx);
+      const unsigned int
+        x = (unsigned int)nfx;
+      const float
+        dx = nfx - x;
+      const unsigned int
+        nx = dx>0?x+1:x;
+      const Tfloat
+        Ic = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z,c), In = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,z,c);
+      return Ic + dx*(In-Ic);
+    }
+
+    //! Return pixel value, using linear interpolation and Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X and Y-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Similar to linear_atX(float,int,int,int,const T) const, except that the linear interpolation and the
+       boundary checking are achieved both for X and Y-coordinates.
+    **/
+    Tfloat linear_atXY(const float fx, const float fy, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
+      const int
+        x = (int)fx - (fx>=0?0:1), nx = x + 1,
+        y = (int)fy - (fy>=0?0:1), ny = y + 1;
+      const float
+        dx = fx - x,
+        dy = fy - y;
+      const Tfloat
+        Icc = (Tfloat)atXY(x,y,z,c,out_value),  Inc = (Tfloat)atXY(nx,y,z,c,out_value),
+        Icn = (Tfloat)atXY(x,ny,z,c,out_value), Inn = (Tfloat)atXY(nx,ny,z,c,out_value);
+      return Icc + dx*(Inc-Icc + dy*(Icc+Inn-Icn-Inc)) + dy*(Icn-Icc);
+    }
+
+    //! Return pixel value, using linear interpolation and Neumann boundary conditions for the X and Y-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Similar to linear_atX(float,int,int,int) const, except that the linear interpolation and the boundary checking
+       are achieved both for X and Y-coordinates.
+       \note
+       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method
+         \c _linear_atXY(float,float,int,int).
+    **/
+    Tfloat linear_atXY(const float fx, const float fy, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "linear_atXY(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      return _linear_atXY(fx,fy,z,c);
+    }
+
+    Tfloat _linear_atXY(const float fx, const float fy, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
+      const float
+        nfx = fx<0?0:(fx>_width-1?_width-1:fx),
+        nfy = fy<0?0:(fy>_height-1?_height-1:fy);
+      const unsigned int
+        x = (unsigned int)nfx,
+        y = (unsigned int)nfy;
+      const float
+        dx = nfx - x,
+        dy = nfy - y;
+      const unsigned int
+        nx = dx>0?x+1:x,
+        ny = dy>0?y+1:y;
+      const Tfloat
+        Icc = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z,c),  Inc = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,z,c),
+        Icn = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,z,c), Inn = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,z,c);
+      return Icc + dx*(Inc-Icc + dy*(Icc+Inn-Icn-Inc)) + dy*(Icn-Icc);
+    }
+
+    //! Return pixel value, using linear interpolation and Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X,Y and Z-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Similar to linear_atX(float,int,int,int,const T) const, except that the linear interpolation and the
+       boundary checking are achieved both for X,Y and Z-coordinates.
+    **/
+    Tfloat linear_atXYZ(const float fx, const float fy, const float fz, const int c, const T out_value) const {
+      const int
+        x = (int)fx - (fx>=0?0:1), nx = x + 1,
+        y = (int)fy - (fy>=0?0:1), ny = y + 1,
+        z = (int)fz - (fz>=0?0:1), nz = z + 1;
+      const float
+        dx = fx - x,
+        dy = fy - y,
+        dz = fz - z;
+      const Tfloat
+        Iccc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,y,z,c,out_value), Incc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,y,z,c,out_value),
+        Icnc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,ny,z,c,out_value), Innc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,ny,z,c,out_value),
+        Iccn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,y,nz,c,out_value), Incn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,y,nz,c,out_value),
+        Icnn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,ny,nz,c,out_value), Innn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,ny,nz,c,out_value);
+      return Iccc +
+        dx*(Incc-Iccc +
+            dy*(Iccc+Innc-Icnc-Incc +
+                dz*(Iccn+Innn+Icnc+Incc-Icnn-Incn-Iccc-Innc)) +
+            dz*(Iccc+Incn-Iccn-Incc)) +
+        dy*(Icnc-Iccc +
+            dz*(Iccc+Icnn-Iccn-Icnc)) +
+        dz*(Iccn-Iccc);
+    }
+
+    //! Return pixel value, using linear interpolation and Neumann boundary conditions for the X,Y and Z-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Similar to linear_atX(float,int,int,int) const, except that the linear interpolation and the boundary checking
+       are achieved both for X,Y and Z-coordinates.
+       \note
+       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method
+         \c _linear_atXYZ(float,float,float,int).
+    **/
+    Tfloat linear_atXYZ(const float fx, const float fy=0, const float fz=0, const int c=0) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "linear_atXYZ(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      return _linear_atXYZ(fx,fy,fz,c);
+    }
+
+    Tfloat _linear_atXYZ(const float fx, const float fy=0, const float fz=0, const int c=0) const {
+      const float
+        nfx = fx<0?0:(fx>_width-1?_width-1:fx),
+        nfy = fy<0?0:(fy>_height-1?_height-1:fy),
+        nfz = fz<0?0:(fz>_depth-1?_depth-1:fz);
+      const unsigned int
+        x = (unsigned int)nfx,
+        y = (unsigned int)nfy,
+        z = (unsigned int)nfz;
+      const float
+        dx = nfx - x,
+        dy = nfy - y,
+        dz = nfz - z;
+      const unsigned int
+        nx = dx>0?x+1:x,
+        ny = dy>0?y+1:y,
+        nz = dz>0?z+1:z;
+      const Tfloat
+        Iccc = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z,c), Incc = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,z,c),
+        Icnc = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,z,c), Innc = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,z,c),
+        Iccn = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,nz,c), Incn = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,nz,c),
+        Icnn = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,nz,c), Innn = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,nz,c);
+      return Iccc +
+        dx*(Incc-Iccc +
+            dy*(Iccc+Innc-Icnc-Incc +
+                dz*(Iccn+Innn+Icnc+Incc-Icnn-Incn-Iccc-Innc)) +
+            dz*(Iccc+Incn-Iccn-Incc)) +
+        dy*(Icnc-Iccc +
+            dz*(Iccc+Icnn-Iccn-Icnc)) +
+        dz*(Iccn-Iccc);
+    }
+
+    //! Return pixel value, using linear interpolation and Dirichlet boundary conditions for all X,Y,Z,C-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Similar to linear_atX(float,int,int,int,const T) const, except that the linear interpolation and the
+       boundary checking are achieved for all X,Y,Z and C-coordinates.
+    **/
+    Tfloat linear_atXYZC(const float fx, const float fy, const float fz, const float fc, const T out_value) const {
+      const int
+        x = (int)fx - (fx>=0?0:1), nx = x + 1,
+        y = (int)fy - (fy>=0?0:1), ny = y + 1,
+        z = (int)fz - (fz>=0?0:1), nz = z + 1,
+        c = (int)fc - (fc>=0?0:1), nc = c + 1;
+      const float
+        dx = fx - x,
+        dy = fy - y,
+        dz = fz - z,
+        dc = fc - c;
+      const Tfloat
+        Icccc = (Tfloat)atXYZC(x,y,z,c,out_value), Inccc = (Tfloat)atXYZC(nx,y,z,c,out_value),
+        Icncc = (Tfloat)atXYZC(x,ny,z,c,out_value), Inncc = (Tfloat)atXYZC(nx,ny,z,c,out_value),
+        Iccnc = (Tfloat)atXYZC(x,y,nz,c,out_value), Incnc = (Tfloat)atXYZC(nx,y,nz,c,out_value),
+        Icnnc = (Tfloat)atXYZC(x,ny,nz,c,out_value), Innnc = (Tfloat)atXYZC(nx,ny,nz,c,out_value),
+        Icccn = (Tfloat)atXYZC(x,y,z,nc,out_value), Inccn = (Tfloat)atXYZC(nx,y,z,nc,out_value),
+        Icncn = (Tfloat)atXYZC(x,ny,z,nc,out_value), Inncn = (Tfloat)atXYZC(nx,ny,z,nc,out_value),
+        Iccnn = (Tfloat)atXYZC(x,y,nz,nc,out_value), Incnn = (Tfloat)atXYZC(nx,y,nz,nc,out_value),
+        Icnnn = (Tfloat)atXYZC(x,ny,nz,nc,out_value), Innnn = (Tfloat)atXYZC(nx,ny,nz,nc,out_value);
+      return Icccc +
+        dx*(Inccc-Icccc +
+            dy*(Icccc+Inncc-Icncc-Inccc +
+                dz*(Iccnc+Innnc+Icncc+Inccc-Icnnc-Incnc-Icccc-Inncc +
+                    dc*(Iccnn+Innnn+Icncn+Inccn+Icnnc+Incnc+Icccc+Inncc-
+                        Icnnn-Incnn-Icccn-Inncn-Iccnc-Innnc-Icncc-Inccc)) +
+                dc*(Icccn+Inncn+Icncc+Inccc-Icncn-Inccn-Icccc-Inncc)) +
+            dz*(Icccc+Incnc-Iccnc-Inccc +
+                dc*(Icccn+Incnn+Iccnc+Inccc-Iccnn-Inccn-Icccc-Incnc)) +
+            dc*(Icccc+Inccn-Inccc-Icccn)) +
+        dy*(Icncc-Icccc +
+            dz*(Icccc+Icnnc-Iccnc-Icncc +
+                dc*(Icccn+Icnnn+Iccnc+Icncc-Iccnn-Icncn-Icccc-Icnnc)) +
+            dc*(Icccc+Icncn-Icncc-Icccn)) +
+        dz*(Iccnc-Icccc +
+            dc*(Icccc+Iccnn-Iccnc-Icccn)) +
+        dc*(Icccn-Icccc);
+    }
+
+    //! Return pixel value, using linear interpolation and Neumann boundary conditions for all X,Y,Z and C-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Similar to linear_atX(float,int,int,int) const, except that the linear interpolation and the boundary checking
+       are achieved for all X,Y,Z and C-coordinates.
+       \note
+       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method
+         \c _linear_atXYZC(float,float,float,float).
+    **/
+    Tfloat linear_atXYZC(const float fx, const float fy=0, const float fz=0, const float fc=0) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "linear_atXYZC(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      return _linear_atXYZC(fx,fy,fz,fc);
+    }
+
+    Tfloat _linear_atXYZC(const float fx, const float fy=0, const float fz=0, const float fc=0) const {
+      const float
+        nfx = fx<0?0:(fx>_width-1?_width-1:fx),
+        nfy = fy<0?0:(fy>_height-1?_height-1:fy),
+        nfz = fz<0?0:(fz>_depth-1?_depth-1:fz),
+        nfc = fc<0?0:(fc>_spectrum-1?_spectrum-1:fc);
+      const unsigned int
+        x = (unsigned int)nfx,
+        y = (unsigned int)nfy,
+        z = (unsigned int)nfz,
+        c = (unsigned int)nfc;
+      const float
+        dx = nfx - x,
+        dy = nfy - y,
+        dz = nfz - z,
+        dc = nfc - c;
+      const unsigned int
+        nx = dx>0?x+1:x,
+        ny = dy>0?y+1:y,
+        nz = dz>0?z+1:z,
+        nc = dc>0?c+1:c;
+      const Tfloat
+        Icccc = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z,c), Inccc = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,z,c),
+        Icncc = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,z,c), Inncc = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,z,c),
+        Iccnc = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,nz,c), Incnc = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,nz,c),
+        Icnnc = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,nz,c), Innnc = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,nz,c),
+        Icccn = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z,nc), Inccn = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,z,nc),
+        Icncn = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,z,nc), Inncn = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,z,nc),
+        Iccnn = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,nz,nc), Incnn = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,nz,nc),
+        Icnnn = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,nz,nc), Innnn = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,nz,nc);
+      return Icccc +
+        dx*(Inccc-Icccc +
+            dy*(Icccc+Inncc-Icncc-Inccc +
+                dz*(Iccnc+Innnc+Icncc+Inccc-Icnnc-Incnc-Icccc-Inncc +
+                    dc*(Iccnn+Innnn+Icncn+Inccn+Icnnc+Incnc+Icccc+Inncc-
+                        Icnnn-Incnn-Icccn-Inncn-Iccnc-Innnc-Icncc-Inccc)) +
+                dc*(Icccn+Inncn+Icncc+Inccc-Icncn-Inccn-Icccc-Inncc)) +
+            dz*(Icccc+Incnc-Iccnc-Inccc +
+                dc*(Icccn+Incnn+Iccnc+Inccc-Iccnn-Inccn-Icccc-Incnc)) +
+            dc*(Icccc+Inccn-Inccc-Icccn)) +
+        dy*(Icncc-Icccc +
+            dz*(Icccc+Icnnc-Iccnc-Icncc +
+                dc*(Icccn+Icnnn+Iccnc+Icncc-Iccnn-Icncn-Icccc-Icnnc)) +
+            dc*(Icccc+Icncn-Icncc-Icccn)) +
+        dz*(Iccnc-Icccc +
+            dc*(Icccc+Iccnn-Iccnc-Icccn)) +
+        dc*(Icccn-Icccc);
+    }
+
+    //! Return pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X-coordinate.
+    /**
+       Return a cubicly-interpolated pixel value of the image instance located at (\c fx,\c y,\c z,\c c),
+       or a specified default value in case of out-of-bounds access along the X-axis.
+       The cubic interpolation uses Hermite splines.
+       \param fx d X-coordinate of the pixel value (float-valued).
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param out_value Default value returned if \c (\c fx,\c y,\c z,\c c) is outside image bounds.
+       \note
+       - Similar to linear_atX(float,int,int,int,const T) const, except that the returned pixel value is
+         approximated by a \e cubic interpolation along the X-axis.
+       - The type of the returned pixel value is extended to \c float, if the pixel type \c T is not float-valued.
+       \warning
+       - There is \e no boundary checking performed for the Y,Z and C-coordinates, so they must be inside image bounds.
+    **/
+    Tfloat cubic_atX(const float fx, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
+      const int
+        x = (int)fx - (fx>=0?0:1), px = x - 1, nx = x + 1, ax = x + 2;
+      const float
+        dx = fx - x;
+      const Tfloat
+        Ip = (Tfloat)atX(px,y,z,c,out_value), Ic = (Tfloat)atX(x,y,z,c,out_value),
+        In = (Tfloat)atX(nx,y,z,c,out_value), Ia = (Tfloat)atX(ax,y,z,c,out_value);
+      return Ic + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ip+In) + dx*dx*(2*Ip-5*Ic+4*In-Ia) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ip+3*Ic-3*In+Ia));
+    }
+
+    //! Return damped pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X-coordinate.
+    /**
+       Similar to cubic_atX(float,int,int,int,const T) const, except that you can specify the authorized minimum
+       and maximum of the returned value.
+    **/
+    Tfloat cubic_atX(const float fx, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value,
+                     const Tfloat min_value, const Tfloat max_value) const {
+      const Tfloat val = cubic_atX(fx,y,z,c,out_value);
+      return val<min_value?min_value:val>max_value?max_value:val;
+    }
+
+    //! Return pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Neumann boundary conditions for the X-coordinate.
+    /**
+       Return a cubicly-interpolated pixel value of the image instance located at (\c fx,\c y,\c z,\c c),
+       or the value of the nearest pixel location in the image instance in case of out-of-bounds access
+       along the X-axis. The cubic interpolation uses Hermite splines.
+       \param fx X-coordinate of the pixel value (float-valued).
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \note
+       - Similar to cubic_atX(float,int,int,int,const T) const, except that the returned pixel value is
+         approximated by a cubic interpolation along the X-axis.
+       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method
+         \c _cubic_atX(float,int,int,int).
+       \warning
+       - There is \e no boundary checking performed for the Y,Z and C-coordinates, so they must be inside image bounds.
+    **/
+    Tfloat cubic_atX(const float fx, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "cubic_atX(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      return _cubic_atX(fx,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    Tfloat _cubic_atX(const float fx, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
+      const float
+        nfx = fx<0?0:(fx>_width-1?_width-1:fx);
+      const int
+        x = (int)nfx;
+      const float
+        dx = nfx - x;
+      const int
+        px = x-1<0?0:x-1, nx = dx>0?x+1:x, ax = x+2>=width()?width()-1:x+2;
+      const Tfloat
+        Ip = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,y,z,c), Ic = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z,c),
+        In = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,z,c), Ia = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,y,z,c);
+      return Ic + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ip+In) + dx*dx*(2*Ip-5*Ic+4*In-Ia) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ip+3*Ic-3*In+Ia));
+    }
+
+    //! Return damped pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Neumann boundary conditions for the X-coordinate.
+    /**
+       Similar to cubic_atX(float,int,int,int) const, except that you can specify the authorized minimum and maximum
+       of the returned value.
+    **/
+    Tfloat cubic_atX(const float fx, const int y, const int z, const int c,
+                     const Tfloat min_value, const Tfloat max_value) const {
+      const Tfloat val = cubic_atX(fx,y,z,c);
+      return val<min_value?min_value:val>max_value?max_value:val;
+    }
+
+    Tfloat _cubic_atX(const float fx, const int y, const int z, const int c,
+                      const Tfloat min_value, const Tfloat max_value) const {
+      const Tfloat val = _cubic_atX(fx,y,z,c);
+      return val<min_value?min_value:val>max_value?max_value:val;
+    }
+
+    //! Return pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X and Y-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Similar to cubic_atX(float,int,int,int,const T) const, except that the cubic interpolation and boundary checking
+       are achieved both for X and Y-coordinates.
+    **/
+    Tfloat cubic_atXY(const float fx, const float fy, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
+      const int
+        x = (int)fx - (fx>=0?0:1), px = x - 1, nx = x + 1, ax = x + 2,
+        y = (int)fy - (fy>=0?0:1), py = y - 1, ny = y + 1, ay = y + 2;
+      const float dx = fx - x, dy = fy - y;
+      const Tfloat
+        Ipp = (Tfloat)atXY(px,py,z,c,out_value), Icp = (Tfloat)atXY(x,py,z,c,out_value),
+        Inp = (Tfloat)atXY(nx,py,z,c,out_value), Iap = (Tfloat)atXY(ax,py,z,c,out_value),
+        Ip = Icp + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipp+Inp) + dx*dx*(2*Ipp-5*Icp+4*Inp-Iap) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipp+3*Icp-3*Inp+Iap)),
+        Ipc = (Tfloat)atXY(px,y,z,c,out_value),  Icc = (Tfloat)atXY(x, y,z,c,out_value),
+        Inc = (Tfloat)atXY(nx,y,z,c,out_value),  Iac = (Tfloat)atXY(ax,y,z,c,out_value),
+        Ic = Icc + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipc+Inc) + dx*dx*(2*Ipc-5*Icc+4*Inc-Iac) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipc+3*Icc-3*Inc+Iac)),
+        Ipn = (Tfloat)atXY(px,ny,z,c,out_value), Icn = (Tfloat)atXY(x,ny,z,c,out_value),
+        Inn = (Tfloat)atXY(nx,ny,z,c,out_value), Ian = (Tfloat)atXY(ax,ny,z,c,out_value),
+        In = Icn + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipn+Inn) + dx*dx*(2*Ipn-5*Icn+4*Inn-Ian) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipn+3*Icn-3*Inn+Ian)),
+        Ipa = (Tfloat)atXY(px,ay,z,c,out_value), Ica = (Tfloat)atXY(x,ay,z,c,out_value),
+        Ina = (Tfloat)atXY(nx,ay,z,c,out_value), Iaa = (Tfloat)atXY(ax,ay,z,c,out_value),
+        Ia = Ica + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipa+Ina) + dx*dx*(2*Ipa-5*Ica+4*Ina-Iaa) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipa+3*Ica-3*Ina+Iaa));
+      return Ic + 0.5f*(dy*(-Ip+In) + dy*dy*(2*Ip-5*Ic+4*In-Ia) + dy*dy*dy*(-Ip+3*Ic-3*In+Ia));
+    }
+
+    //! Return damped pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X,Y-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Similar to cubic_atXY(float,float,int,int,const T) const, except that you can specify the authorized
+       minimum and maximum of the returned value.
+    **/
+    Tfloat cubic_atXY(const float fx, const float fy, const int z, const int c, const T out_value,
+                      const Tfloat min_value, const Tfloat max_value) const {
+      const Tfloat val = cubic_atXY(fx,fy,z,c,out_value);
+      return val<min_value?min_value:val>max_value?max_value:val;
+    }
+
+    //! Return pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Neumann boundary conditions for the X and Y-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Similar to cubic_atX(float,int,int,int) const, except that the cubic interpolation and boundary checking
+       are achieved for both X and Y-coordinates.
+       \note
+       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method
+       \c _cubic_atXY(float,float,int,int).
+    **/
+    Tfloat cubic_atXY(const float fx, const float fy, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "cubic_atXY(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      return _cubic_atXY(fx,fy,z,c);
+    }
+
+    Tfloat _cubic_atXY(const float fx, const float fy, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
+      const float
+        nfx = fx<0?0:(fx>_width-1?_width-1:fx),
+        nfy = fy<0?0:(fy>_height-1?_height-1:fy);
+      const int x = (int)nfx, y = (int)nfy;
+      const float dx = nfx - x, dy = nfy - y;
+      const int
+        px = x-1<0?0:x-1, nx = dx>0?x+1:x, ax = x+2>=width()?width()-1:x+2,
+        py = y-1<0?0:y-1, ny = dy>0?y+1:y, ay = y+2>=height()?height()-1:y+2;
+      const Tfloat
+        Ipp = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,py,z,c), Icp = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,py,z,c), Inp = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,py,z,c),
+        Iap = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,py,z,c),
+        Ip = Icp + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipp+Inp) + dx*dx*(2*Ipp-5*Icp+4*Inp-Iap) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipp+3*Icp-3*Inp+Iap)),
+        Ipc = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,y,z,c),  Icc = (Tfloat)(*this)(x, y,z,c), Inc = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,z,c),
+        Iac = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,y,z,c),
+        Ic = Icc + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipc+Inc) + dx*dx*(2*Ipc-5*Icc+4*Inc-Iac) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipc+3*Icc-3*Inc+Iac)),
+        Ipn = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,ny,z,c), Icn = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,z,c), Inn = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,z,c),
+        Ian = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,ny,z,c),
+        In = Icn + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipn+Inn) + dx*dx*(2*Ipn-5*Icn+4*Inn-Ian) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipn+3*Icn-3*Inn+Ian)),
+        Ipa = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,ay,z,c), Ica = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ay,z,c), Ina = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ay,z,c),
+        Iaa = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,ay,z,c),
+        Ia = Ica + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipa+Ina) + dx*dx*(2*Ipa-5*Ica+4*Ina-Iaa) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipa+3*Ica-3*Ina+Iaa));
+      return Ic + 0.5f*(dy*(-Ip+In) + dy*dy*(2*Ip-5*Ic+4*In-Ia) + dy*dy*dy*(-Ip+3*Ic-3*In+Ia));
+    }
+
+    //! Return damped pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Neumann boundary conditions for the X,Y-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Similar to cubic_atXY(float,float,int,int) const, except that you can specify the authorized minimum and
+       maximum of the returned value.
+    **/
+    Tfloat cubic_atXY(const float fx, const float fy, const int z, const int c,
+                      const Tfloat min_value, const Tfloat max_value) const {
+      const Tfloat val = cubic_atXY(fx,fy,z,c);
+      return val<min_value?min_value:val>max_value?max_value:val;
+    }
+
+    Tfloat _cubic_atXY(const float fx, const float fy, const int z, const int c,
+                       const Tfloat min_value, const Tfloat max_value) const {
+      const Tfloat val = _cubic_atXY(fx,fy,z,c);
+      return val<min_value?min_value:val>max_value?max_value:val;
+    }
+
+    //! Return pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Dirichlet boundary conditions for the X,Y and Z-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Similar to cubic_atX(float,int,int,int,const T) const, except that the cubic interpolation and boundary checking
+       are achieved both for X,Y and Z-coordinates.
+    **/
+    Tfloat cubic_atXYZ(const float fx, const float fy, const float fz, const int c, const T out_value) const {
+      const int
+        x = (int)fx - (fx>=0?0:1), px = x - 1, nx = x + 1, ax = x + 2,
+        y = (int)fy - (fy>=0?0:1), py = y - 1, ny = y + 1, ay = y + 2,
+        z = (int)fz - (fz>=0?0:1), pz = z - 1, nz = z + 1, az = z + 2;
+      const float dx = fx - x, dy = fy - y, dz = fz - z;
+      const Tfloat
+        Ippp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,py,pz,c,out_value), Icpp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,py,pz,c,out_value),
+        Inpp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,py,pz,c,out_value), Iapp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,py,pz,c,out_value),
+        Ipp = Icpp + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ippp+Inpp) + dx*dx*(2*Ippp-5*Icpp+4*Inpp-Iapp) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ippp+3*Icpp-3*Inpp+Iapp)),
+        Ipcp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,y,pz,c,out_value),  Iccp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x, y,pz,c,out_value),
+        Incp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,y,pz,c,out_value),  Iacp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,y,pz,c,out_value),
+        Icp = Iccp + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipcp+Incp) + dx*dx*(2*Ipcp-5*Iccp+4*Incp-Iacp) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipcp+3*Iccp-3*Incp+Iacp)),
+        Ipnp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,ny,pz,c,out_value), Icnp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,ny,pz,c,out_value),
+        Innp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,ny,pz,c,out_value), Ianp = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,ny,pz,c,out_value),
+        Inp = Icnp + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipnp+Innp) + dx*dx*(2*Ipnp-5*Icnp+4*Innp-Ianp) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipnp+3*Icnp-3*Innp+Ianp)),
+        Ipap = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,ay,pz,c,out_value), Icap = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,ay,pz,c,out_value),
+        Inap = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,ay,pz,c,out_value), Iaap = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,ay,pz,c,out_value),
+        Iap = Icap + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipap+Inap) + dx*dx*(2*Ipap-5*Icap+4*Inap-Iaap) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipap+3*Icap-3*Inap+Iaap)),
+        Ip = Icp + 0.5f*(dy*(-Ipp+Inp) + dy*dy*(2*Ipp-5*Icp+4*Inp-Iap) + dy*dy*dy*(-Ipp+3*Icp-3*Inp+Iap)),
+        Ippc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,py,z,c,out_value), Icpc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,py,z,c,out_value),
+        Inpc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,py,z,c,out_value), Iapc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,py,z,c,out_value),
+        Ipc = Icpc + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ippc+Inpc) + dx*dx*(2*Ippc-5*Icpc+4*Inpc-Iapc) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ippc+3*Icpc-3*Inpc+Iapc)),
+        Ipcc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,y,z,c,out_value),  Iccc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x, y,z,c,out_value),
+        Incc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,y,z,c,out_value),  Iacc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,y,z,c,out_value),
+        Icc = Iccc + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipcc+Incc) + dx*dx*(2*Ipcc-5*Iccc+4*Incc-Iacc) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipcc+3*Iccc-3*Incc+Iacc)),
+        Ipnc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,ny,z,c,out_value), Icnc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,ny,z,c,out_value),
+        Innc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,ny,z,c,out_value), Ianc = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,ny,z,c,out_value),
+        Inc = Icnc + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipnc+Innc) + dx*dx*(2*Ipnc-5*Icnc+4*Innc-Ianc) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipnc+3*Icnc-3*Innc+Ianc)),
+        Ipac = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,ay,z,c,out_value), Icac = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,ay,z,c,out_value),
+        Inac = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,ay,z,c,out_value), Iaac = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,ay,z,c,out_value),
+        Iac = Icac + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipac+Inac) + dx*dx*(2*Ipac-5*Icac+4*Inac-Iaac) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipac+3*Icac-3*Inac+Iaac)),
+        Ic = Icc + 0.5f*(dy*(-Ipc+Inc) + dy*dy*(2*Ipc-5*Icc+4*Inc-Iac) + dy*dy*dy*(-Ipc+3*Icc-3*Inc+Iac)),
+        Ippn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,py,nz,c,out_value), Icpn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,py,nz,c,out_value),
+        Inpn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,py,nz,c,out_value), Iapn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,py,nz,c,out_value),
+        Ipn = Icpn + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ippn+Inpn) + dx*dx*(2*Ippn-5*Icpn+4*Inpn-Iapn) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ippn+3*Icpn-3*Inpn+Iapn)),
+        Ipcn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,y,nz,c,out_value),  Iccn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x, y,nz,c,out_value),
+        Incn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,y,nz,c,out_value),  Iacn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,y,nz,c,out_value),
+        Icn = Iccn + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipcn+Incn) + dx*dx*(2*Ipcn-5*Iccn+4*Incn-Iacn) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipcn+3*Iccn-3*Incn+Iacn)),
+        Ipnn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,ny,nz,c,out_value), Icnn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,ny,nz,c,out_value),
+        Innn = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,ny,nz,c,out_value), Iann = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,ny,nz,c,out_value),
+        Inn = Icnn + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipnn+Innn) + dx*dx*(2*Ipnn-5*Icnn+4*Innn-Iann) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipnn+3*Icnn-3*Innn+Iann)),
+        Ipan = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,ay,nz,c,out_value), Ican = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,ay,nz,c,out_value),
+        Inan = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,ay,nz,c,out_value), Iaan = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,ay,nz,c,out_value),
+        Ian = Ican + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipan+Inan) + dx*dx*(2*Ipan-5*Ican+4*Inan-Iaan) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipan+3*Ican-3*Inan+Iaan)),
+        In = Icn + 0.5f*(dy*(-Ipn+Inn) + dy*dy*(2*Ipn-5*Icn+4*Inn-Ian) + dy*dy*dy*(-Ipn+3*Icn-3*Inn+Ian)),
+        Ippa = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,py,az,c,out_value), Icpa = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,py,az,c,out_value),
+        Inpa = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,py,az,c,out_value), Iapa = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,py,az,c,out_value),
+        Ipa = Icpa + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ippa+Inpa) + dx*dx*(2*Ippa-5*Icpa+4*Inpa-Iapa) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ippa+3*Icpa-3*Inpa+Iapa)),
+        Ipca = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,y,az,c,out_value),  Icca = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x, y,az,c,out_value),
+        Inca = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,y,az,c,out_value),  Iaca = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,y,az,c,out_value),
+        Ica = Icca + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipca+Inca) + dx*dx*(2*Ipca-5*Icca+4*Inca-Iaca) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipca+3*Icca-3*Inca+Iaca)),
+        Ipna = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,ny,az,c,out_value), Icna = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,ny,az,c,out_value),
+        Inna = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,ny,az,c,out_value), Iana = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,ny,az,c,out_value),
+        Ina = Icna + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipna+Inna) + dx*dx*(2*Ipna-5*Icna+4*Inna-Iana) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipna+3*Icna-3*Inna+Iana)),
+        Ipaa = (Tfloat)atXYZ(px,ay,az,c,out_value), Icaa = (Tfloat)atXYZ(x,ay,az,c,out_value),
+        Inaa = (Tfloat)atXYZ(nx,ay,az,c,out_value), Iaaa = (Tfloat)atXYZ(ax,ay,az,c,out_value),
+        Iaa = Icaa + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipaa+Inaa) + dx*dx*(2*Ipaa-5*Icaa+4*Inaa-Iaaa) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipaa+3*Icaa-3*Inaa+Iaaa)),
+        Ia = Ica + 0.5f*(dy*(-Ipa+Ina) + dy*dy*(2*Ipa-5*Ica+4*Ina-Iaa) + dy*dy*dy*(-Ipa+3*Ica-3*Ina+Iaa));
+      return Ic + 0.5f*(dz*(-Ip+In) + dz*dz*(2*Ip-5*Ic+4*In-Ia) + dz*dz*dz*(-Ip+3*Ic-3*In+Ia));
+    }
+
+    //! Return damped pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Dirichlet boundary conditions for the XYZ-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Similar to cubic_atXYZ(float,float,float,int,const T) const, except that you can specify the authorized
+       minimum and maximum of the returned value.
+    **/
+    Tfloat cubic_atXYZ(const float fx, const float fy, const float fz, const int c, const T out_value,
+                       const Tfloat min_value, const Tfloat max_value) const {
+      const Tfloat val = cubic_atXYZ(fx,fy,fz,c,out_value);
+      return val<min_value?min_value:val>max_value?max_value:val;
+    }
+
+    //! Return pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Neumann boundary conditions for the X,Y and Z-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Similar to cubic_atX(float,int,int,int) const, except that the cubic interpolation and boundary checking
+       are achieved both for X,Y and Z-coordinates.
+       \note
+       - If you know your image instance is \e not empty, you may rather use the slightly faster method
+         \c _cubic_atXYZ(float,float,float,int).
+    **/
+    Tfloat cubic_atXYZ(const float fx, const float fy, const float fz, const int c=0) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "cubic_atXYZ(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      return _cubic_atXYZ(fx,fy,fz,c);
+    }
+
+    Tfloat _cubic_atXYZ(const float fx, const float fy, const float fz, const int c=0) const {
+      const float
+        nfx = fx<0?0:(fx>_width-1?_width-1:fx),
+        nfy = fy<0?0:(fy>_height-1?_height-1:fy),
+        nfz = fz<0?0:(fz>_depth-1?_depth-1:fz);
+      const int x = (int)nfx, y = (int)nfy, z = (int)nfz;
+      const float dx = nfx - x, dy = nfy - y, dz = nfz - z;
+      const int
+        px = x-1<0?0:x-1, nx = dx>0?x+1:x, ax = x+2>=width()?width()-1:x+2,
+        py = y-1<0?0:y-1, ny = dy>0?y+1:y, ay = y+2>=height()?height()-1:y+2,
+        pz = z-1<0?0:z-1, nz = dz>0?z+1:z, az = z+2>=depth()?depth()-1:z+2;
+      const Tfloat
+        Ippp = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,py,pz,c), Icpp = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,py,pz,c),
+        Inpp = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,py,pz,c), Iapp = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,py,pz,c),
+        Ipp = Icpp + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ippp+Inpp) + dx*dx*(2*Ippp-5*Icpp+4*Inpp-Iapp) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ippp+3*Icpp-3*Inpp+Iapp)),
+        Ipcp = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,y,pz,c),  Iccp = (Tfloat)(*this)(x, y,pz,c),
+        Incp = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,pz,c),  Iacp = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,y,pz,c),
+        Icp = Iccp + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipcp+Incp) + dx*dx*(2*Ipcp-5*Iccp+4*Incp-Iacp) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipcp+3*Iccp-3*Incp+Iacp)),
+        Ipnp = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,ny,pz,c), Icnp = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,pz,c),
+        Innp = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,pz,c), Ianp = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,ny,pz,c),
+        Inp = Icnp + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipnp+Innp) + dx*dx*(2*Ipnp-5*Icnp+4*Innp-Ianp) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipnp+3*Icnp-3*Innp+Ianp)),
+        Ipap = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,ay,pz,c), Icap = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ay,pz,c),
+        Inap = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ay,pz,c), Iaap = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,ay,pz,c),
+        Iap = Icap + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipap+Inap) + dx*dx*(2*Ipap-5*Icap+4*Inap-Iaap) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipap+3*Icap-3*Inap+Iaap)),
+        Ip = Icp + 0.5f*(dy*(-Ipp+Inp) + dy*dy*(2*Ipp-5*Icp+4*Inp-Iap) + dy*dy*dy*(-Ipp+3*Icp-3*Inp+Iap)),
+        Ippc = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,py,z,c), Icpc = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,py,z,c),
+        Inpc = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,py,z,c), Iapc = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,py,z,c),
+        Ipc = Icpc + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ippc+Inpc) + dx*dx*(2*Ippc-5*Icpc+4*Inpc-Iapc) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ippc+3*Icpc-3*Inpc+Iapc)),
+        Ipcc = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,y,z,c),  Iccc = (Tfloat)(*this)(x, y,z,c),
+        Incc = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,z,c),  Iacc = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,y,z,c),
+        Icc = Iccc + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipcc+Incc) + dx*dx*(2*Ipcc-5*Iccc+4*Incc-Iacc) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipcc+3*Iccc-3*Incc+Iacc)),
+        Ipnc = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,ny,z,c), Icnc = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,z,c),
+        Innc = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,z,c), Ianc = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,ny,z,c),
+        Inc = Icnc + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipnc+Innc) + dx*dx*(2*Ipnc-5*Icnc+4*Innc-Ianc) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipnc+3*Icnc-3*Innc+Ianc)),
+        Ipac = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,ay,z,c), Icac = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ay,z,c),
+        Inac = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ay,z,c), Iaac = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,ay,z,c),
+        Iac = Icac + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipac+Inac) + dx*dx*(2*Ipac-5*Icac+4*Inac-Iaac) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipac+3*Icac-3*Inac+Iaac)),
+        Ic = Icc + 0.5f*(dy*(-Ipc+Inc) + dy*dy*(2*Ipc-5*Icc+4*Inc-Iac) + dy*dy*dy*(-Ipc+3*Icc-3*Inc+Iac)),
+        Ippn = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,py,nz,c), Icpn = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,py,nz,c),
+        Inpn = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,py,nz,c), Iapn = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,py,nz,c),
+        Ipn = Icpn + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ippn+Inpn) + dx*dx*(2*Ippn-5*Icpn+4*Inpn-Iapn) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ippn+3*Icpn-3*Inpn+Iapn)),
+        Ipcn = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,y,nz,c),  Iccn = (Tfloat)(*this)(x, y,nz,c),
+        Incn = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,nz,c),  Iacn = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,y,nz,c),
+        Icn = Iccn + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipcn+Incn) + dx*dx*(2*Ipcn-5*Iccn+4*Incn-Iacn) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipcn+3*Iccn-3*Incn+Iacn)),
+        Ipnn = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,ny,nz,c), Icnn = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,nz,c),
+        Innn = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,nz,c), Iann = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,ny,nz,c),
+        Inn = Icnn + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipnn+Innn) + dx*dx*(2*Ipnn-5*Icnn+4*Innn-Iann) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipnn+3*Icnn-3*Innn+Iann)),
+        Ipan = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,ay,nz,c), Ican = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ay,nz,c),
+        Inan = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ay,nz,c), Iaan = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,ay,nz,c),
+        Ian = Ican + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipan+Inan) + dx*dx*(2*Ipan-5*Ican+4*Inan-Iaan) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipan+3*Ican-3*Inan+Iaan)),
+        In = Icn + 0.5f*(dy*(-Ipn+Inn) + dy*dy*(2*Ipn-5*Icn+4*Inn-Ian) + dy*dy*dy*(-Ipn+3*Icn-3*Inn+Ian)),
+        Ippa = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,py,az,c), Icpa = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,py,az,c),
+        Inpa = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,py,az,c), Iapa = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,py,az,c),
+        Ipa = Icpa + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ippa+Inpa) + dx*dx*(2*Ippa-5*Icpa+4*Inpa-Iapa) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ippa+3*Icpa-3*Inpa+Iapa)),
+        Ipca = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,y,az,c),  Icca = (Tfloat)(*this)(x, y,az,c),
+        Inca = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,y,az,c),  Iaca = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,y,az,c),
+        Ica = Icca + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipca+Inca) + dx*dx*(2*Ipca-5*Icca+4*Inca-Iaca) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipca+3*Icca-3*Inca+Iaca)),
+        Ipna = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,ny,az,c), Icna = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ny,az,c),
+        Inna = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ny,az,c), Iana = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,ny,az,c),
+        Ina = Icna + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipna+Inna) + dx*dx*(2*Ipna-5*Icna+4*Inna-Iana) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipna+3*Icna-3*Inna+Iana)),
+        Ipaa = (Tfloat)(*this)(px,ay,az,c), Icaa = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,ay,az,c),
+        Inaa = (Tfloat)(*this)(nx,ay,az,c), Iaaa = (Tfloat)(*this)(ax,ay,az,c),
+        Iaa = Icaa + 0.5f*(dx*(-Ipaa+Inaa) + dx*dx*(2*Ipaa-5*Icaa+4*Inaa-Iaaa) + dx*dx*dx*(-Ipaa+3*Icaa-3*Inaa+Iaaa)),
+        Ia = Ica + 0.5f*(dy*(-Ipa+Ina) + dy*dy*(2*Ipa-5*Ica+4*Ina-Iaa) + dy*dy*dy*(-Ipa+3*Ica-3*Ina+Iaa));
+      return Ic + 0.5f*(dz*(-Ip+In) + dz*dz*(2*Ip-5*Ic+4*In-Ia) + dz*dz*dz*(-Ip+3*Ic-3*In+Ia));
+    }
+
+    //! Return damped pixel value, using cubic interpolation and Neumann boundary conditions for the XYZ-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Similar to cubic_atXYZ(float,float,float,int) const, except that you can specify the authorized minimum and
+       maximum of the returned value.
+    **/
+    Tfloat cubic_atXYZ(const float fx, const float fy, const float fz, const int c,
+                       const Tfloat min_value, const Tfloat max_value) const {
+      const Tfloat val = cubic_atXYZ(fx,fy,fz,c);
+      return val<min_value?min_value:val>max_value?max_value:val;
+    }
+
+    Tfloat _cubic_atXYZ(const float fx, const float fy, const float fz, const int c,
+                        const Tfloat min_value, const Tfloat max_value) const {
+      const Tfloat val = _cubic_atXYZ(fx,fy,fz,c);
+      return val<min_value?min_value:val>max_value?max_value:val;
+    }
+
+    //! Set pixel value, using linear interpolation for the X and Y-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Set pixel value at specified coordinates (\c fx,\c fy,\c z,\c c) in the image instance, in a way that
+       the value is spread amongst several neighbors if the pixel coordinates are indeed float-valued.
+       \param value Pixel value to set.
+       \param fx X-coordinate of the pixel value (float-valued).
+       \param fy Y-coordinate of the pixel value (float-valued).
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param is_added Tells if the pixel value is added to (\c true), or simply replace (\c false) the current image
+         pixel(s).
+       \return A reference to the current image instance.
+       \note
+       - If specified coordinates are outside image bounds, no operations are performed.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& set_linear_atXY(const T& value, const float fx, const float fy=0, const int z=0, const int c=0,
+                             const bool is_added=false) {
+      const int
+        x = (int)fx - (fx>=0?0:1), nx = x + 1,
+        y = (int)fy - (fy>=0?0:1), ny = y + 1;
+      const float
+        dx = fx - x,
+        dy = fy - y;
+      if (z>=0 && z<depth() && c>=0 && c<spectrum()) {
+        if (y>=0 && y<height()) {
+          if (x>=0 && x<width()) {
+            const float w1 = (1-dx)*(1-dy), w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
+            (*this)(x,y,z,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(x,y,z,c));
+          }
+          if (nx>=0 && nx<width()) {
+            const float w1 = dx*(1-dy), w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
+            (*this)(nx,y,z,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(nx,y,z,c));
+          }
+        }
+        if (ny>=0 && ny<height()) {
+          if (x>=0 && x<width()) {
+            const float w1 = (1-dx)*dy, w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
+            (*this)(x,ny,z,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(x,ny,z,c));
+          }
+          if (nx>=0 && nx<width()) {
+            const float w1 = dx*dy, w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
+            (*this)(nx,ny,z,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(nx,ny,z,c));
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Set pixel value, using linear interpolation for the X,Y and Z-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Similar to set_linear_atXY(const T&,float,float,int,int,bool), except that the linear interpolation
+       is achieved both for X,Y and Z-coordinates.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& set_linear_atXYZ(const T& value, const float fx, const float fy=0, const float fz=0, const int c=0,
+                              const bool is_added=false) {
+      const int
+        x = (int)fx - (fx>=0?0:1), nx = x + 1,
+        y = (int)fy - (fy>=0?0:1), ny = y + 1,
+        z = (int)fz - (fz>=0?0:1), nz = z + 1;
+      const float
+        dx = fx - x,
+        dy = fy - y,
+        dz = fz - z;
+      if (c>=0 && c<spectrum()) {
+        if (z>=0 && z<depth()) {
+          if (y>=0 && y<height()) {
+            if (x>=0 && x<width()) {
+              const float w1 = (1-dx)*(1-dy)*(1-dz), w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
+              (*this)(x,y,z,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(x,y,z,c));
+            }
+            if (nx>=0 && nx<width()) {
+              const float w1 = dx*(1-dy)*(1-dz), w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
+              (*this)(nx,y,z,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(nx,y,z,c));
+            }
+          }
+          if (ny>=0 && ny<height()) {
+            if (x>=0 && x<width()) {
+              const float w1 = (1-dx)*dy*(1-dz), w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
+              (*this)(x,ny,z,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(x,ny,z,c));
+            }
+            if (nx>=0 && nx<width()) {
+              const float w1 = dx*dy*(1-dz), w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
+              (*this)(nx,ny,z,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(nx,ny,z,c));
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        if (nz>=0 && nz<depth()) {
+          if (y>=0 && y<height()) {
+            if (x>=0 && x<width()) {
+              const float w1 = (1-dx)*(1-dy)*dz, w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
+              (*this)(x,y,nz,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(x,y,nz,c));
+            }
+            if (nx>=0 && nx<width()) {
+              const float w1 = dx*(1-dy)*dz, w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
+              (*this)(nx,y,nz,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(nx,y,nz,c));
+            }
+          }
+          if (ny>=0 && ny<height()) {
+            if (x>=0 && x<width()) {
+              const float w1 = (1-dx)*dy*dz, w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
+              (*this)(x,ny,nz,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(x,ny,nz,c));
+            }
+            if (nx>=0 && nx<width()) {
+              const float w1 = dx*dy*dz, w2 = is_added?1:(1-w1);
+              (*this)(nx,ny,nz,c) = (T)(w1*value + w2*(*this)(nx,ny,nz,c));
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a C-string containing a list of all values of the image instance.
+    /**
+       Return a new \c CImg<char> image whose buffer data() is a \c char* string describing the list of all pixel values
+       of the image instance (written in base 10), separated by specified \c separator character.
+       \param separator A \c char character which specifies the separator between values in the returned C-string.
+       \param max_size Maximum size of the returned image.
+       \note
+       - The returned image is never empty.
+       - For an empty image instance, the returned string is <tt>""</tt>.
+       - If \c max_size is equal to \c 0, there are no limits on the size of the returned string.
+       - Otherwise, if the maximum number of string characters is exceeded, the value string is cut off
+         and terminated by character \c '\0'. In that case, the returned image size is <tt>max_size + 1</tt>.
+    **/
+    CImg<charT> value_string(const char separator=',', const unsigned int max_size=0) const {
+      if (is_empty()) return CImg<charT>::string("");
+      CImgList<charT> items;
+      char s_item[256] = { 0 };
+      const T *ptrs = _data;
+      unsigned int string_size = 0;
+      for (unsigned long off = 0, siz = (unsigned int)size(); off<siz && string_size<=max_size; ++off) {
+        const unsigned int printed_size = 1U + cimg_snprintf(s_item,sizeof(s_item),
+                                                             cimg::type<T>::format(),cimg::type<T>::format(*(ptrs++)));
+        CImg<charT> item(s_item,printed_size);
+        item[printed_size-1] = separator;
+        item.move_to(items);
+        if (max_size) string_size+=printed_size;
+      }
+      CImg<charT> res;
+      (items>'x').move_to(res);
+      if (max_size && res._width>max_size) res.crop(0,max_size);
+      res.back() = 0;
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //-------------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Instance Checking
+    //@{
+    //-------------------------------------
+
+    //! Test shared state of the pixel buffer.
+    /**
+       Return \c true if image instance has a shared memory buffer, and \c false otherwise.
+       \note
+       - A shared image do not own his pixel buffer data() and will not deallocate it on destruction.
+       - Most of the time, a \c CImg<T> image instance will \e not be shared.
+       - A shared image can only be obtained by a limited set of constructors and methods (see list below).
+    **/
+    bool is_shared() const {
+      return _is_shared;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image instance is empty.
+    /**
+       Return \c true, if image instance is empty, i.e. does \e not contain any pixel values, has dimensions
+       \c 0 x \c 0 x \c 0 x \c 0 and a pixel buffer pointer set to \c 0 (null pointer), and \c false otherwise.
+    **/
+    bool is_empty() const {
+      return !(_data && _width && _height && _depth && _spectrum);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image instance contains a 'inf' value.
+    /**
+       Return \c true, if image instance contains a 'inf' value, and \c false otherwise.
+    **/
+    bool is_inf() const {
+      if (cimg::type<T>::is_float()) cimg_for(*this,p,T) if (cimg::type<T>::is_inf((float)*p)) return true;
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image instance contains a 'nan' value.
+    /**
+       Return \c true, if image instance contains a 'nan' value, and \c false otherwise.
+    **/
+    bool is_nan() const {
+      if (cimg::type<T>::is_float()) cimg_for(*this,p,T) if (cimg::type<T>::is_nan((float)*p)) return true;
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image width is equal to specified value.
+    bool is_sameX(const unsigned int size_x) const {
+      return _width==size_x;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image width is equal to specified value.
+    template<typename t>
+    bool is_sameX(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return is_sameX(img._width);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image width is equal to specified value.
+    bool is_sameX(const CImgDisplay& disp) const {
+      return is_sameX(disp._width);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image height is equal to specified value.
+    bool is_sameY(const unsigned int size_y) const {
+      return _height==size_y;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image height is equal to specified value.
+    template<typename t>
+    bool is_sameY(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return is_sameY(img._height);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image height is equal to specified value.
+    bool is_sameY(const CImgDisplay& disp) const {
+      return is_sameY(disp._height);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image depth is equal to specified value.
+    bool is_sameZ(const unsigned int size_z) const {
+      return _depth==size_z;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image depth is equal to specified value.
+    template<typename t>
+    bool is_sameZ(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return is_sameZ(img._depth);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image spectrum is equal to specified value.
+    bool is_sameC(const unsigned int size_c) const {
+      return _spectrum==size_c;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image spectrum is equal to specified value.
+    template<typename t>
+    bool is_sameC(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return is_sameC(img._spectrum);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image width and height are equal to specified values.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameX(unsigned int) const and is_sameY(unsigned int) const are both verified.
+    **/
+    bool is_sameXY(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y) const {
+      return _width==size_x && _height==size_y;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image width and height are the same as that of another image.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameX(const CImg<t>&) const and is_sameY(const CImg<t>&) const are both verified.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool is_sameXY(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return is_sameXY(img._width,img._height);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image width and height are the same as that of an existing display window.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameX(const CImgDisplay&) const and is_sameY(const CImgDisplay&) const are both verified.
+    **/
+    bool is_sameXY(const CImgDisplay& disp) const {
+      return is_sameXY(disp._width,disp._height);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image width and depth are equal to specified values.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameX(unsigned int) const and is_sameZ(unsigned int) const are both verified.
+    **/
+    bool is_sameXZ(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_z) const {
+      return _width==size_x && _depth==size_z;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image width and depth are the same as that of another image.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameX(const CImg<t>&) const and is_sameZ(const CImg<t>&) const are both verified.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool is_sameXZ(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return is_sameXZ(img._width,img._depth);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image width and spectrum are equal to specified values.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameX(unsigned int) const and is_sameC(unsigned int) const are both verified.
+    **/
+    bool is_sameXC(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_c) const {
+      return _width==size_x && _spectrum==size_c;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image width and spectrum are the same as that of another image.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameX(const CImg<t>&) const and is_sameC(const CImg<t>&) const are both verified.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool is_sameXC(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return is_sameXC(img._width,img._spectrum);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image height and depth are equal to specified values.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameY(unsigned int) const and is_sameZ(unsigned int) const are both verified.
+    **/
+    bool is_sameYZ(const unsigned int size_y, const unsigned int size_z) const {
+      return _height==size_y && _depth==size_z;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image height and depth are the same as that of another image.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameY(const CImg<t>&) const and is_sameZ(const CImg<t>&) const are both verified.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool is_sameYZ(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return is_sameYZ(img._height,img._depth);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image height and spectrum are equal to specified values.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameY(unsigned int) const and is_sameC(unsigned int) const are both verified.
+    **/
+    bool is_sameYC(const unsigned int size_y, const unsigned int size_c) const {
+      return _height==size_y && _spectrum==size_c;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image height and spectrum are the same as that of another image.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameY(const CImg<t>&) const and is_sameC(const CImg<t>&) const are both verified.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool is_sameYC(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return is_sameYC(img._height,img._spectrum);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image depth and spectrum are equal to specified values.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameZ(unsigned int) const and is_sameC(unsigned int) const are both verified.
+    **/
+    bool is_sameZC(const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c) const {
+      return _depth==size_z && _spectrum==size_c;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image depth and spectrum are the same as that of another image.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameZ(const CImg<t>&) const and is_sameC(const CImg<t>&) const are both verified.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool is_sameZC(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return is_sameZC(img._depth,img._spectrum);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image width, height and depth are equal to specified values.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameXY(unsigned int,unsigned int) const and is_sameZ(unsigned int) const are both verified.
+    **/
+    bool is_sameXYZ(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y, const unsigned int size_z) const {
+      return is_sameXY(size_x,size_y) && _depth==size_z;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image width, height and depth are the same as that of another image.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameXY(const CImg<t>&) const and is_sameZ(const CImg<t>&) const are both verified.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool is_sameXYZ(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return is_sameXYZ(img._width,img._height,img._depth);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image width, height and spectrum are equal to specified values.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameXY(unsigned int,unsigned int) const and is_sameC(unsigned int) const are both verified.
+    **/
+    bool is_sameXYC(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y, const unsigned int size_c) const {
+      return is_sameXY(size_x,size_y) && _spectrum==size_c;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image width, height and spectrum are the same as that of another image.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameXY(const CImg<t>&) const and is_sameC(const CImg<t>&) const are both verified.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool is_sameXYC(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return is_sameXYC(img._width,img._height,img._spectrum);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image width, depth and spectrum are equal to specified values.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameXZ(unsigned int,unsigned int) const and is_sameC(unsigned int) const are both verified.
+    **/
+    bool is_sameXZC(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c) const {
+      return is_sameXZ(size_x,size_z) && _spectrum==size_c;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image width, depth and spectrum are the same as that of another image.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameXZ(const CImg<t>&) const and is_sameC(const CImg<t>&) const are both verified.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool is_sameXZC(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return is_sameXZC(img._width,img._depth,img._spectrum);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image height, depth and spectrum are equal to specified values.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameYZ(unsigned int,unsigned int) const and is_sameC(unsigned int) const are both verified.
+    **/
+    bool is_sameYZC(const unsigned int size_y, const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c) const {
+      return is_sameYZ(size_y,size_z) && _spectrum==size_c;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image height, depth and spectrum are the same as that of another image.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameYZ(const CImg<t>&) const and is_sameC(const CImg<t>&) const are both verified.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool is_sameYZC(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return is_sameYZC(img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image width, height, depth and spectrum are equal to specified values.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameXYZ(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int) const and is_sameC(unsigned int) const are both
+       verified.
+    **/
+    bool is_sameXYZC(const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
+                     const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c) const {
+      return is_sameXYZ(size_x,size_y,size_z) && _spectrum==size_c;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image width, height, depth and spectrum are the same as that of another image.
+    /**
+       Test if is_sameXYZ(const CImg<t>&) const and is_sameC(const CImg<t>&) const are both verified.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool is_sameXYZC(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return is_sameXYZC(img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if specified coordinates are inside image bounds.
+    /**
+       Return \c true if pixel located at (\c x,\c y,\c z,\c c) is inside bounds of the image instance,
+       and \c false otherwise.
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \note
+       - Return \c true only if all these conditions are verified:
+         - The image instance is \e not empty.
+         - <tt>0<=x<=\ref width()-1</tt>.
+         - <tt>0<=y<=\ref height()-1</tt>.
+         - <tt>0<=z<=\ref depth()-1</tt>.
+         - <tt>0<=c<=\ref spectrum()-1</tt>.
+    **/
+    bool containsXYZC(const int x, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
+      return !is_empty() && x>=0 && x<width() && y>=0 && y<height() && z>=0 && z<depth() && c>=0 && c<spectrum();
+    }
+
+    //! Test if pixel value is inside image bounds and get its X,Y,Z and C-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Return \c true, if specified reference refers to a pixel value inside bounds of the image instance,
+       and \c false otherwise.
+       \param pixel Reference to pixel value to test.
+       \param[out] x X-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
+       \param[out] y Y-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
+       \param[out] z Z-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
+       \param[out] c C-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
+       \note
+       - Useful to convert an offset to a buffer value into pixel value coordinates:
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img(100,100,1,3);      // Construct a 100x100 RGB color image.
+       const unsigned long offset = 1249;       // Offset to the pixel (49,12,0,0).
+       unsigned int x,y,z,c;
+       if (img.contains(img[offset],x,y,z,c)) { // Convert offset to (x,y,z,c) coordinates.
+         std::printf("Offset %u refers to pixel located at (%u,%u,%u,%u).\n",
+                     offset,x,y,z,c);
+       }
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool contains(const T& pixel, t& x, t& y, t& z, t& c) const {
+      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height, whd = wh*_depth, siz = whd*_spectrum;
+      const T *const ppixel = &pixel;
+      if (is_empty() || ppixel<_data || ppixel>=_data+siz) return false;
+      unsigned long off = (unsigned long)(ppixel - _data);
+      const unsigned long nc = off/whd;
+      off%=whd;
+      const unsigned long nz = off/wh;
+      off%=wh;
+      const unsigned long ny = off/_width, nx = off%_width;
+      x = (t)nx; y = (t)ny; z = (t)nz; c = (t)nc;
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if pixel value is inside image bounds and get its X,Y and Z-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Similar to contains(const T&,t&,t&,t&,t&) const, except that only the X,Y and Z-coordinates are set.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool contains(const T& pixel, t& x, t& y, t& z) const {
+      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height, whd = wh*_depth, siz = whd*_spectrum;
+      const T *const ppixel = &pixel;
+      if (is_empty() || ppixel<_data || ppixel>=_data+siz) return false;
+      unsigned long off = ((unsigned long)(ppixel - _data))%whd;
+      const unsigned long nz = off/wh;
+      off%=wh;
+      const unsigned long ny = off/_width, nx = off%_width;
+      x = (t)nx; y = (t)ny; z = (t)nz;
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if pixel value is inside image bounds and get its X and Y-coordinates.
+    /**
+       Similar to contains(const T&,t&,t&,t&,t&) const, except that only the X and Y-coordinates are set.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool contains(const T& pixel, t& x, t& y) const {
+      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height, siz = wh*_depth*_spectrum;
+      const T *const ppixel = &pixel;
+      if (is_empty() || ppixel<_data || ppixel>=_data+siz) return false;
+      unsigned long off = ((unsigned int)(ppixel - _data))%wh;
+      const unsigned long ny = off/_width, nx = off%_width;
+      x = (t)nx; y = (t)ny;
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if pixel value is inside image bounds and get its X-coordinate.
+    /**
+       Similar to contains(const T&,t&,t&,t&,t&) const, except that only the X-coordinate is set.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool contains(const T& pixel, t& x) const {
+      const T *const ppixel = &pixel;
+      if (is_empty() || ppixel<_data || ppixel>=_data+size()) return false;
+      x = (t)(((unsigned long)(ppixel - _data))%_width);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if pixel value is inside image bounds.
+    /**
+       Similar to contains(const T&,t&,t&,t&,t&) const, except that no pixel coordinates are set.
+    **/
+    bool contains(const T& pixel) const {
+      const T *const ppixel = &pixel;
+      return !is_empty() && ppixel>=_data && ppixel<_data + size();
+    }
+
+    //! Test if pixel buffers of instance and input images overlap.
+    /**
+       Return \c true, if pixel buffers attached to image instance and input image \c img overlap,
+       and \c false otherwise.
+       \param img Input image to compare with.
+       \note
+       - Buffer overlapping may happen when manipulating \e shared images.
+       - If two image buffers overlap, operating on one of the image will probably modify the other one.
+       - Most of the time, \c CImg<T> instances are \e non-shared and do not overlap between each others.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float>
+         img1("reference.jpg"),             // Load RGB-color image.
+         img2 = img1.get_shared_channel(1); // Get shared version of the green channel.
+       if (img1.is_overlapped(img2)) {      // Test succeeds, 'img1' and 'img2' overlaps.
+         std::printf("Buffers overlap!\n");
+       }
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool is_overlapped(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      const unsigned long csiz = size(), isiz = img.size();
+      return !((void*)(_data + csiz)<=(void*)img._data || (void*)_data>=(void*)(img._data + isiz));
+    }
+
+    //! Test if the set {\c *this,\c primitives,\c colors,\c opacities} defines a valid 3d object.
+    /**
+       Return \c true is the 3d object represented by the set {\c *this,\c primitives,\c colors,\c opacities} defines a
+       valid 3d object, and \c false otherwise. The vertex coordinates are defined by the instance image.
+       \param primitives List of primitives of the 3d object.
+       \param colors List of colors of the 3d object.
+       \param opacities List (or image) of opacities of the 3d object.
+       \param full_check Tells if full checking of the 3d object must be performed.
+       \param[out] error_message C-string to contain the error message, if the test does not succeed.
+       \note
+       - Set \c full_checking to \c false to speed-up the 3d object checking. In this case, only the size of
+         each 3d object component is checked.
+       - Size of the string \c error_message should be at least 128-bytes long, to be able to contain the error message.
+    **/
+    template<typename tp, typename tc, typename to>
+    bool is_object3d(const CImgList<tp>& primitives,
+                     const CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                     const to& opacities,
+                     const bool full_check=true,
+                     char *const error_message=0) const {
+      if (error_message) *error_message = 0;
+
+      // Check consistency for the particular case of an empty 3d object.
+      if (is_empty()) {
+        if (primitives || colors || opacities) {
+          if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                          "3d object (%u,%u) defines no vertices but %u primitives, "
+                                          "%u colors and %lu opacities",
+                                          _width,primitives._width,primitives._width,
+                                          colors._width,(unsigned long)opacities.size());
+          return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      // Check consistency of vertices.
+      if (_height!=3 || _depth>1 || _spectrum>1) { // Check vertices dimensions.
+        if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                        "3d object (%u,%u) has invalid vertex dimensions (%u,%u,%u,%u)",
+                                        _width,primitives._width,_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (colors._width>primitives._width+1) {
+        if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                        "3d object (%u,%u) defines %u colors",
+                                        _width,primitives._width,colors._width);
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (opacities.size()>primitives._width) {
+        if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                        "3d object (%u,%u) defines %lu opacities",
+                                        _width,primitives._width,(unsigned long)opacities.size());
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (!full_check) return true;
+
+      // Check consistency of primitives.
+      cimglist_for(primitives,l) {
+        const CImg<tp>& primitive = primitives[l];
+        const unsigned long psiz = primitive.size();
+        switch (psiz) {
+        case 1 : { // Point.
+          const unsigned int i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0);
+          if (i0>=_width) {
+            if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                            "3d object (%u,%u) refers to invalid vertex indice %u in "
+                                            "point primitive [%u]",
+                                            _width,primitives._width,i0,l);
+            return false;
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 5 : { // Sphere.
+          const unsigned int
+            i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0),
+            i1 = (unsigned int)primitive(1);
+          if (i0>=_width || i1>=_width) {
+            if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                            "3d object (%u,%u) refers to invalid vertex indices (%u,%u) in "
+                                            "sphere primitive [%u]",
+                                            _width,primitives._width,i0,i1,l);
+            return false;
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 2 : // Segment.
+        case 6 : {
+          const unsigned int
+            i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0),
+            i1 = (unsigned int)primitive(1);
+          if (i0>=_width || i1>=_width) {
+            if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                            "3d object (%u,%u) refers to invalid vertex indices (%u,%u) in "
+                                            "segment primitive [%u]",
+                                            _width,primitives._width,i0,i1,l);
+            return false;
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 3 : // Triangle.
+        case 9 : {
+          const unsigned int
+            i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0),
+            i1 = (unsigned int)primitive(1),
+            i2 = (unsigned int)primitive(2);
+          if (i0>=_width || i1>=_width || i2>=_width) {
+            if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                            "3d object (%u,%u) refers to invalid vertex indices (%u,%u,%u) in "
+                                            "triangle primitive [%u]",
+                                            _width,primitives._width,i0,i1,i2,l);
+            return false;
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 4 : // Quadrangle.
+        case 12 : {
+          const unsigned int
+            i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0),
+            i1 = (unsigned int)primitive(1),
+            i2 = (unsigned int)primitive(2),
+            i3 = (unsigned int)primitive(3);
+          if (i0>=_width || i1>=_width || i2>=_width || i3>=_width) {
+            if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                            "3d object (%u,%u) refers to invalid vertex indices (%u,%u,%u,%u) in "
+                                            "quadrangle primitive [%u]",
+                                            _width,primitives._width,i0,i1,i2,i3,l);
+            return false;
+          }
+        } break;
+        default :
+          if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                          "3d object (%u,%u) defines an invalid primitive [%u] of size %u",
+                                          _width,primitives._width,l,(unsigned int)psiz);
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Check consistency of colors.
+      cimglist_for(colors,c) {
+        const CImg<tc>& color = colors[c];
+        if (!color) {
+          if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                          "3d object (%u,%u) defines no color for primitive [%u]",
+                                          _width,primitives._width,c);
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Check consistency of light texture.
+      if (colors._width>primitives._width) {
+        const CImg<tc> &light = colors.back();
+        if (!light || light._depth>1) {
+          if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                          "3d object (%u,%u) defines an invalid light texture (%u,%u,%u,%u)",
+                                          _width,primitives._width,light._width,
+                                          light._height,light._depth,light._spectrum);
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if image instance represents a valid serialization of a 3d object.
+    /**
+       Return \c true if the image instance represents a valid serialization of a 3d object, and \c false otherwise.
+       \param full_check Tells if full checking of the instance must be performed.
+       \param[out] error_message C-string to contain the error message, if the test does not succeed.
+       \note
+       - Set \c full_check to \c false to speed-up the 3d object checking. In this case, only the size of
+         each 3d object component is checked.
+       - Size of the string \c error_message should be at least 128-bytes long, to be able to contain the error message.
+    **/
+    bool is_CImg3d(const bool full_check=true, char *const error_message=0) const {
+      if (error_message) *error_message = 0;
+
+      // Check instance dimension and header.
+      if (_width!=1 || _height<8 || _depth!=1 || _spectrum!=1) {
+        if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                        "CImg3d has invalid dimensions (%u,%u,%u,%u)",
+                                        _width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+        return false;
+      }
+      const T *ptrs = _data, *const ptre = end();
+      if (!_is_CImg3d(*(ptrs++),'C') || !_is_CImg3d(*(ptrs++),'I') || !_is_CImg3d(*(ptrs++),'m') ||
+          !_is_CImg3d(*(ptrs++),'g') || !_is_CImg3d(*(ptrs++),'3') || !_is_CImg3d(*(ptrs++),'d')) {
+        if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                        "CImg3d header not found");
+        return false;
+      }
+      const unsigned int
+        nb_points = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++)),
+        nb_primitives = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++));
+
+      // Check consistency of number of vertices / primitives.
+      if (!full_check) {
+        const unsigned long minimal_size = 8UL + 3*nb_points + 6*nb_primitives;
+        if (_data + minimal_size>ptre) {
+          if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                          "CImg3d (%u,%u) has only %lu values, while at least %lu values were expected",
+                                          nb_points,nb_primitives,size(),minimal_size);
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Check consistency of vertex data.
+      if (!nb_points) {
+        if (nb_primitives) {
+          if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                          "CImg3d (%u,%u) defines no vertices but %u primitives",
+                                          nb_points,nb_primitives,nb_primitives);
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (ptrs!=ptre) {
+          if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                          "CImg3d (%u,%u) is an empty object but contains %u value%s "
+                                          "more than expected",
+                                          nb_points,nb_primitives,(unsigned int)(ptre-ptrs),(ptre-ptrs)>1?"s":"");
+          return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (ptrs+3*nb_points>ptre) {
+        if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                        "CImg3d (%u,%u) defines only %u vertices data",
+                                        nb_points,nb_primitives,(unsigned int)(ptre-ptrs)/3);
+        return false;
+      }
+      ptrs+=3*nb_points;
+
+      // Check consistency of primitive data.
+      if (ptrs==ptre) {
+        if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                        "CImg3d (%u,%u) defines %u vertices but no primitive",
+                                        nb_points,nb_primitives,nb_points);
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      if (!full_check) return true;
+
+      for (unsigned int p = 0; p<nb_primitives; ++p) {
+        const unsigned int nb_inds = (unsigned int)*(ptrs++);
+        switch (nb_inds) {
+        case 1 : { // Point.
+          const unsigned int i0 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++));
+          if (i0>=nb_points) {
+            if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                            "CImg3d (%u,%u) refers to invalid vertex indice %u in point primitive [%u]",
+                                            nb_points,nb_primitives,i0,p);
+            return false;
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 5 : { // Sphere.
+          const unsigned int
+            i0 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++)),
+            i1 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++));
+          ptrs+=3;
+          if (i0>=nb_points || i1>=nb_points) {
+            if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                            "CImg3d (%u,%u) refers to invalid vertex indices (%u,%u) in "
+                                            "sphere primitive [%u]",
+                                            nb_points,nb_primitives,i0,i1,p);
+            return false;
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 2 : case 6 : { // Segment.
+          const unsigned int
+            i0 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++)),
+            i1 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++));
+          if (nb_inds==6) ptrs+=4;
+          if (i0>=nb_points || i1>=nb_points) {
+            if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                            "CImg3d (%u,%u) refers to invalid vertex indices (%u,%u) in "
+                                            "segment primitive [%u]",
+                                            nb_points,nb_primitives,i0,i1,p);
+            return false;
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 3 : case 9 : { // Triangle.
+          const unsigned int
+            i0 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++)),
+            i1 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++)),
+            i2 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++));
+          if (nb_inds==9) ptrs+=6;
+          if (i0>=nb_points || i1>=nb_points || i2>=nb_points) {
+            if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                            "CImg3d (%u,%u) refers to invalid vertex indices (%u,%u,%u) in "
+                                            "triangle primitive [%u]",
+                                            nb_points,nb_primitives,i0,i1,i2,p);
+            return false;
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 4 : case 12 : { // Quadrangle.
+          const unsigned int
+            i0 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++)),
+            i1 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++)),
+            i2 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++)),
+            i3 = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++));
+          if (nb_inds==12) ptrs+=8;
+          if (i0>=nb_points || i1>=nb_points || i2>=nb_points || i3>=nb_points) {
+            if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                            "CImg3d (%u,%u) refers to invalid vertex indices (%u,%u,%u,%u) in "
+                                            "quadrangle primitive [%u]",
+                                            nb_points,nb_primitives,i0,i1,i2,i3,p);
+            return false;
+          }
+        } break;
+        default :
+          if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                          "CImg3d (%u,%u) defines an invalid primitive [%u] of size %u",
+                                          nb_points,nb_primitives,p,nb_inds);
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (ptrs>ptre) {
+          if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                          "CImg3d (%u,%u) has incomplete primitive data for primitive [%u], "
+                                          "%u values missing",
+                                          nb_points,nb_primitives,p,(unsigned int)(ptrs-ptre));
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Check consistency of color data.
+      if (ptrs==ptre) {
+        if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                        "CImg3d (%u,%u) defines no color/texture data",
+                                        nb_points,nb_primitives);
+        return false;
+      }
+      for (unsigned int c = 0; c<nb_primitives; ++c) {
+        if (*(ptrs++)!=(T)-128) ptrs+=2;
+        else if ((ptrs+=3)<ptre) {
+          const unsigned int w = (unsigned int)*(ptrs-3), h = (unsigned int)*(ptrs-2), s = (unsigned int)*(ptrs-1);
+          if (!h && !s) {
+            if (w>=c) {
+              if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                              "CImg3d (%u,%u) refers to invalid shared sprite/texture indice %u "
+                                              "for primitive [%u]",
+                                              nb_points,nb_primitives,w,c);
+              return false;
+            }
+          } else ptrs+=w*h*s;
+        }
+        if (ptrs>ptre) {
+          if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                          "CImg3d (%u,%u) has incomplete color/texture data for primitive [%u], "
+                                          "%u values missing",
+                                          nb_points,nb_primitives,c,(unsigned int)(ptrs-ptre));
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Check consistency of opacity data.
+      if (ptrs==ptre) {
+        if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                        "CImg3d (%u,%u) defines no opacity data",
+                                        nb_points,nb_primitives);
+        return false;
+      }
+      for (unsigned int o = 0; o<nb_primitives; ++o) {
+        if (*(ptrs++)==(T)-128 && (ptrs+=3)<ptre) {
+          const unsigned int w = (unsigned int)*(ptrs-3), h = (unsigned int)*(ptrs-2), s = (unsigned int)*(ptrs-1);
+          if (!h && !s) {
+            if (w>=o) {
+              if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                              "CImg3d (%u,%u) refers to invalid shared opacity indice %u "
+                                              "for primitive [%u]",
+                                              nb_points,nb_primitives,w,o);
+              return false;
+            }
+          } else ptrs+=w*h*s;
+        }
+        if (ptrs>ptre) {
+          if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                          "CImg3d (%u,%u) has incomplete opacity data for primitive [%u]",
+                                          nb_points,nb_primitives,o);
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Check end of data.
+      if (ptrs<ptre) {
+        if (error_message) std::sprintf(error_message,
+                                        "CImg3d (%u,%u) contains %u value%s more than expected",
+                                        nb_points,nb_primitives,(unsigned int)(ptre-ptrs),(ptre-ptrs)>1?"s":"");
+        return false;
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    static bool _is_CImg3d(const T val, const char c) {
+      return val>=(T)c && val<(T)(c+1);
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //-------------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Mathematical Functions
+    //@{
+    //-------------------------------------
+
+    // Define the math formula parser/compiler and evaluator.
+    struct _cimg_math_parser {
+      CImgList<longT> code;
+      CImg<longT> opcode;
+      const CImg<longT>* p_code;
+      CImgList<charT> labelM;
+      CImg<uintT> level, labelMpos, label1pos;
+      CImg<doubleT> mem;
+      CImg<charT> expr;
+      const CImg<T>& reference;
+      CImg<Tdouble> reference_stats;
+      unsigned int mempos, result;
+      const char *const calling_function;
+      typedef double (*mp_func)(_cimg_math_parser&);
+
+#define _cimg_mp_return(x) { *se = saved_char; return x; }
+#define _cimg_mp_opcode0(op) _cimg_mp_return(opcode0(op));
+#define _cimg_mp_opcode1(op,i1) _cimg_mp_return(opcode1(op,i1));
+#define _cimg_mp_opcode2(op,i1,i2) { const unsigned int _i1 = i1, _i2 = i2; _cimg_mp_return(opcode2(op,_i1,_i2)); }
+#define _cimg_mp_opcode3(op,i1,i2,i3) \
+  { const unsigned int _i1 = i1, _i2 = i2, _i3 = i3; _cimg_mp_return(opcode3(op,_i1,_i2,_i3)); }
+#define _cimg_mp_opcode6(op,i1,i2,i3,i4,i5,i6) \
+  { const unsigned int _i1 = i1, _i2 = i2, _i3 = i3, _i4 = i4, _i5 = i5, _i6 = i6; \
+        _cimg_mp_return(opcode6(op,_i1,_i2,_i3,_i4,_i5,_i6)); }
+
+#if defined(_WIN64)
+      // On Win64 and gcc 4.7, sizeof(long)!=sizeof(pointer), so a workaround is needed..
+#define _cimg_mp_enfunc(op) (long)((char*)(op)-(char*)mp_u)
+#define _cimg_mp_defunc(mp) (*(mp_func)((char*)mp_u+(mp).opcode[0]))(mp)
+#else
+#define _cimg_mp_enfunc(op) (long)(op)
+#define _cimg_mp_defunc(mp) (*(mp_func)((mp).opcode[0]))(mp)
+#endif
+
+      // Constructors.
+      _cimg_math_parser():reference(CImg<T>::empty()),calling_function(0) {}
+
+      _cimg_math_parser(const CImg<T>& img, const char *const expression, const char *const funcname=0):
+        reference(img),calling_function(funcname?funcname:"cimg_math_parser") {
+        unsigned int l = 0;
+        if (expression) {
+          l = (unsigned int)std::strlen(expression);
+          expr.assign(expression,l+1);
+          if (*expr._data) {
+            char *d = expr._data;
+            for (const char *s = expr._data; *s || (bool)(*d=0); ++s) if (*s!=' ') *(d++) = *s;
+            l = (unsigned int)(d - expr._data);
+          }
+        }
+        if (!l) throw CImgArgumentException("[_cimg_math_parser] "
+                                            "CImg<%s>::%s(): Empty specified expression.",
+                                            pixel_type(),calling_function);
+
+        int lv = 0; // Count parentheses/brackets level of expression.
+        level.assign(l);
+        unsigned int *pd = level._data;
+        for (const char *ps = expr._data; *ps && lv>=0; ++ps)
+          *(pd++) = (unsigned int)(*ps=='('||*ps=='['?lv++:*ps==')'||*ps==']'?--lv:lv);
+        if (lv!=0) {
+          throw CImgArgumentException("[_cimg_math_parser] "
+                                      "CImg<%s>::%s(): Unbalanced parentheses/brackets in specified expression '%s'.",
+                                      pixel_type(),calling_function,
+                                      expr._data);
+        }
+        // Init constant values.
+        mem.assign(512);
+        mem[0] = 0;
+        mem[1] = 1;
+        mem[2] = 2;
+        mem[3] = (double)reference._width;
+        mem[4] = (double)reference._height;
+        mem[5] = (double)reference._depth;
+        mem[6] = (double)reference._spectrum;
+        mem[7] = cimg::PI;
+        mem[8] = std::exp(1.0); // Then [9] = x, [10] = y, [11] = z, [12] = c
+        mempos = 13;
+        labelMpos.assign(8);
+        label1pos.assign(128,1,1,1,~0U);
+        label1pos['w'] = 3;
+        label1pos['h'] = 4;
+        label1pos['d'] = 5;
+        label1pos['s'] = 6;
+        label1pos[0] = 7; // pi
+        label1pos['e'] = 8;
+        label1pos['x'] = 9;
+        label1pos['y'] = 10;
+        label1pos['z'] = 11;
+        label1pos['c'] = 12;
+        result = compile(expr._data,expr._data+l); // Compile formula into a serie of opcodes.
+      }
+
+      // Insert code instructions.
+      unsigned int opcode0(const mp_func op) {
+        if (mempos>=mem._width) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
+        const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
+        CImg<longT>::vector(_cimg_mp_enfunc(op),pos).move_to(code);
+        return pos;
+      }
+
+      unsigned int opcode1(const mp_func op, const unsigned int arg1) {
+        if (mempos>=mem._width) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
+        const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
+        CImg<longT>::vector(_cimg_mp_enfunc(op),pos,arg1).move_to(code);
+        return pos;
+      }
+
+      unsigned int opcode2(const mp_func op, const unsigned int arg1, const unsigned int arg2) {
+        if (mempos>=mem._width) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
+        const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
+        CImg<longT>::vector(_cimg_mp_enfunc(op),pos,arg1,arg2).move_to(code);
+        return pos;
+      }
+
+      unsigned int opcode3(const mp_func op,
+                           const unsigned int arg1, const unsigned int arg2, const unsigned int arg3) {
+        if (mempos>=mem._width) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
+        const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
+        CImg<longT>::vector(_cimg_mp_enfunc(op),pos,arg1,arg2,arg3).move_to(code);
+        return pos;
+      }
+
+      unsigned int opcode6(const mp_func op,
+                           const unsigned int arg1, const unsigned int arg2, const unsigned int arg3,
+                           const unsigned int arg4, const unsigned int arg5, const unsigned int arg6) {
+        if (mempos>=mem._width) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
+        const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
+        CImg<longT>::vector(_cimg_mp_enfunc(op),pos,arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,arg6).move_to(code);
+        return pos;
+      }
+
+      // Compilation procedure.
+      unsigned int compile(char *const ss, char *const se) {
+        if (!ss || se<=ss || !*ss) {
+          throw CImgArgumentException("[_cimg_math_parser] "
+                                      "CImg<%s>::%s(): Missing item in specified expression '%s'.",
+                                      pixel_type(),calling_function,
+                                      expr._data);
+        }
+        char
+          *const se1 = se-1, *const se2 = se-2, *const se3 = se-3, *const se4 = se-4,
+          *const ss1 = ss+1, *const ss2 = ss+2, *const ss3 = ss+3, *const ss4 = ss+4,
+          *const ss5 = ss+5, *const ss6 = ss+6, *const ss7 = ss+7;
+        const char saved_char = *se; *se = 0;
+        const unsigned int clevel = level[ss-expr._data], clevel1 = clevel+1;
+        if (*se1==';') return compile(ss,se1);
+
+        // Look for a single value, variable or variable assignment.
+        char end = 0, sep = 0; double val = 0;
+        const int nb = std::sscanf(ss,"%lf%c%c",&val,&sep,&end);
+        if (nb==1) {
+          if (val==0 || val==1 || val==2) _cimg_mp_return((int)val);
+          if (mempos>=mem._width) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
+          const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
+          mem[pos] = val;
+          _cimg_mp_return(pos);
+        }
+        if (nb==2 && sep=='%') {
+          if (val==0 || val==100 || val==200) _cimg_mp_return((int)(val/100));
+          if (mempos>=mem._width) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
+          const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
+          mem[pos] = val/100;
+          _cimg_mp_return(pos);
+        }
+        if (ss1==se) switch (*ss) {
+          case 'w' : case 'h' : case 'd' : case 's' :
+          case 'x' : case 'y' : case 'z' : case 'c' : case 'e' : _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[*ss]);
+          case 'u' : if (label1pos['u']!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos['u']); _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_u,0,1);
+          case 'g' : if (label1pos['g']!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos['g']); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_g);
+          case 'i' : if (label1pos['i']!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos['i']); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_i);
+          case '?' : _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_u,0,1);
+          }
+        if (ss1==se1) {
+          if (*ss=='p' && *ss1=='i') _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[0]); // pi
+          if (*ss=='i') {
+            if (*ss1=='m') { if (label1pos[1]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[1]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_im); } // im
+            if (*ss1=='M') { if (label1pos[2]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[2]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_iM); } // iM
+            if (*ss1=='a') { if (label1pos[3]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[3]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_ia); } // ia
+            if (*ss1=='v') { if (label1pos[4]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[4]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_iv); } // iv
+          }
+          if (*ss1=='m') {
+            if (*ss=='x') { if (label1pos[5]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[5]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_xm); } // xm
+            if (*ss=='y') { if (label1pos[6]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[6]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_ym); } // ym
+            if (*ss=='z') { if (label1pos[7]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[7]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_zm); } // zm
+            if (*ss=='c') { if (label1pos[8]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[8]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_cm); } // cm
+          }
+          if (*ss1=='M') {
+            if (*ss=='x') { if (label1pos[9]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[9]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_xM); } // xM
+            if (*ss=='y') { if (label1pos[10]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[10]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_yM); } // yM
+            if (*ss=='z') { if (label1pos[11]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[11]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_zM); } // zM
+            if (*ss=='c') { if (label1pos[12]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[12]); _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_cM); } // cM
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Look for variable declarations.
+        for (char *s = se2; s>ss; --s)
+          if (*s==';' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel) { compile(ss,s); _cimg_mp_return(compile(s+1,se)); }
+        for (char *s = ss1, *ps = ss, *ns = ss2; s<se1; ++s, ++ps, ++ns)
+          if (*s=='=' && *ns!='=' && *ps!='=' && *ps!='>' && *ps!='<' && *ps!='!' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel) {
+            CImg<charT> variable_name(ss,(unsigned int)(s-ss+1));
+            variable_name.back() = 0;
+            bool is_valid_name = true;
+            if (*ss>='0' && *ss<='9') is_valid_name = false;
+            else for (const char *ns = ss+1; ns<s; ++ns)
+                   if ((*ns<'a' || *ns>'z') && (*ns<'A' || *ns>'Z') && (*ns<'0' || *ns>'9') && *ns!='_') {
+                     is_valid_name = false; break;
+                   }
+            if (!is_valid_name) {
+              *se = saved_char;
+              throw CImgArgumentException("[_cimg_math_parser] "
+                                          "CImg<%s>::%s(): Invalid variable name '%s' in specified expression "
+                                          "'%s%s%s'.",
+                                          pixel_type(),calling_function,
+                                          variable_name._data,
+                                          (ss-8)>expr._data?"...":"",
+                                          (ss-8)>expr._data?ss-8:expr._data,
+                                          se<&expr.back()?"...":"");
+            }
+            const unsigned int pos = compile(s+1,se);
+
+            // Check for particular case of a reserved variable.
+            if (variable_name[0] && variable_name[1] && !variable_name[2]) {
+              const char c1 = variable_name[0], c2 = variable_name[1];
+              if (c1=='p' && c2=='i') variable_name.fill((char)0,(char)0); // pi
+              else if (c1=='i') {
+                if (c2=='m') variable_name.fill(1,0); // im
+                else if (c2=='M') variable_name.fill(2,0); // iM
+                else if (c2=='a') variable_name.fill(3,0); // ia
+                else if (c2=='v') variable_name.fill(4,0); // iv
+              } else if (c2=='m') {
+                if (c1=='x') variable_name.fill(5,0); // xm
+                else if (c1=='y') variable_name.fill(6,0); // ym
+                else if (c1=='z') variable_name.fill(7,0); // zm
+                else if (c1=='c') variable_name.fill(8,0); // cm
+              } else if (c2=='M') {
+                if (c1=='x') variable_name.fill(9,0); // xM
+                else if (c1=='y') variable_name.fill(10,0); // yM
+                else if (c1=='z') variable_name.fill(11,0); // zM
+                else if (c1=='c') variable_name.fill(12,0); // cM
+              }
+            }
+            if (variable_name[1]) { // Multi-char variable.
+              int label_pos = -1;
+              cimglist_for(labelM,i) // Check for existing variable with same name.
+                if (!std::strcmp(variable_name,labelM[i])) { label_pos = i; break; }
+              if (label_pos<0) { // If new variable.
+                if (labelM._width>=labelMpos._width) labelMpos.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
+                label_pos = labelM._width;
+                variable_name.move_to(labelM);
+              }
+              labelMpos[label_pos] = pos;
+            } else label1pos[*variable_name] = pos; // Single-char variable.
+            _cimg_mp_return(pos);
+          }
+
+        // Look for unary/binary operators. The operator precedences is defined as in C++.
+        for (char *s = se3, *ns = se2; s>ss; --s, --ns) if (*s=='|' && *ns=='|' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel) {
+            const unsigned int mem_A = compile(ss,s), bp1 = code._width, mem_B = compile(s+2,se);
+            if (mempos>=mem._width) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
+            const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
+            CImg<longT>::vector(_cimg_mp_enfunc(mp_logical_or),pos,mem_A,mem_B,code._width-bp1).move_to(code,bp1);
+            _cimg_mp_return(pos);
+          }
+        for (char *s = se3, *ns = se2; s>ss; --s, --ns) if (*s=='&' && *ns=='&' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel) {
+            const unsigned int mem_A = compile(ss,s), bp1 = code._width, mem_B = compile(s+2,se);
+            if (mempos>=mem._width) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
+            const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
+            CImg<longT>::vector(_cimg_mp_enfunc(mp_logical_and),pos,mem_A,mem_B,code._width-bp1).move_to(code,bp1);
+            _cimg_mp_return(pos);
+          }
+        for (char *s = se2; s>ss; --s)
+          if (*s=='|' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
+            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_bitwise_or,compile(ss,s),compile(s+1,se));
+        for (char *s = se2; s>ss; --s)
+          if (*s=='&' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
+            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_bitwise_and,compile(ss,s),compile(s+1,se));
+        for (char *s = se3, *ns = se2; s>ss; --s, --ns)
+          if (*s=='!' && *ns=='=' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
+            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_noteq,compile(ss,s),compile(s+2,se));
+        for (char *s = se3, *ns = se2; s>ss; --s, --ns)
+          if (*s=='=' && *ns=='=' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
+            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_eqeq,compile(ss,s),compile(s+2,se));
+        for (char *s = se3, *ns = se2; s>ss; --s, --ns)
+          if (*s=='<' && *ns=='=' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
+            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_infeq,compile(ss,s),compile(s+2,se));
+        for (char *s = se3, *ns = se2; s>ss; --s, --ns)
+          if (*s=='>' && *ns=='=' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
+            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_supeq,compile(ss,s),compile(s+2,se));
+        for (char *s = se2, *ns = se1, *ps = se3; s>ss; --s, --ns, --ps)
+          if (*s=='<' && *ns!='<' && *ps!='<' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
+            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_inf,compile(ss,s),compile(s+1,se));
+        for (char *s = se2, *ns = se1, *ps = se3; s>ss; --s, --ns, --ps)
+          if (*s=='>' && *ns!='>' && *ps!='>' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
+            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_sup,compile(ss,s),compile(s+1,se));
+        for (char *s = se3, *ns = se2; s>ss; --s, --ns)
+          if (*s=='<' && *ns=='<' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
+            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_lsl,compile(ss,s),compile(s+2,se));
+        for (char *s = se3, *ns = se2; s>ss; --s, --ns)
+          if (*s=='>' && *ns=='>' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
+            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_lsr,compile(ss,s),compile(s+2,se));
+        for (char *s = se2, *ps = se3; s>ss; --s, --ps)
+          if (*s=='+' && *ps!='-' && *ps!='+' && *ps!='*' && *ps!='/' && *ps!='%' &&
+              *ps!='&' && *ps!='|' && *ps!='^' && *ps!='!' && *ps!='~' &&
+              (*ps!='e' || !(ps>ss && (*(ps-1)=='.' || (*(ps-1)>='0' && *(ps-1)<='9')))) && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
+            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_add,compile(ss,s),compile(s+1,se));
+        for (char *s = se2, *ps = se3; s>ss; --s, --ps)
+          if (*s=='-' && *ps!='-' && *ps!='+' && *ps!='*' && *ps!='/' && *ps!='%' &&
+              *ps!='&' && *ps!='|' && *ps!='^' && *ps!='!' && *ps!='~' &&
+              (*ps!='e' || !(ps>ss && (*(ps-1)=='.' || (*(ps-1)>='0' && *(ps-1)<='9')))) && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
+            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_sub,compile(ss,s),compile(s+1,se));
+        for (char *s = se2; s>ss; --s) if (*s=='*' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel) {
+            const unsigned int mem_A = compile(ss,s), bp1 = code._width, mem_B = compile(s+1,se);
+            if (mempos>=mem._width) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
+            const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
+            CImg<longT>::vector(_cimg_mp_enfunc(mp_mul),pos,mem_A,mem_B,code._width-bp1).move_to(code,bp1);
+            _cimg_mp_return(pos);
+          }
+        for (char *s = se2; s>ss; --s)
+          if (*s=='/' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
+            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_div,compile(ss,s),compile(s+1,se));
+        for (char *s = se2, *ns = se1; s>ss; --s, --ns)
+          if (*s=='%' && *ns!='^' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
+            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_modulo,compile(ss,s),compile(s+1,se));
+        if (ss<se1) {
+          if (*ss=='+') _cimg_mp_return(compile(ss1,se));
+          if (*ss=='-') _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_minus,compile(ss1,se));
+          if (*ss=='!') _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_logical_not,compile(ss1,se));
+          if (*ss=='~') _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_bitwise_not,compile(ss1,se));
+        }
+        for (char *s = se2; s>ss; --s)
+          if (*s=='^' && level[s-expr._data]==clevel)
+            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_pow,compile(ss,s),compile(s+1,se));
+
+        // Look for a function call or a parenthesis.
+        if (*se1==']') {
+          const bool is_relative = *ss=='j';
+          if ((*ss=='i' || is_relative) && *ss1=='[') {
+            if (*ss2==']') _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_i);
+            _cimg_mp_opcode1(is_relative?mp_joff:mp_ioff,compile(ss2,se1));
+          }
+        }
+        if (*se1==')') {
+          if (*ss=='(') _cimg_mp_return(compile(ss1,se1));
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"sin(",4)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_sin,compile(ss4,se1));
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"cos(",4)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_cos,compile(ss4,se1));
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"tan(",4)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_tan,compile(ss4,se1));
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"asin(",5)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_asin,compile(ss5,se1));
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"acos(",5)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_acos,compile(ss5,se1));
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"atan(",5)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_atan,compile(ss5,se1));
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"sinh(",5)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_sinh,compile(ss5,se1));
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"cosh(",5)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_cosh,compile(ss5,se1));
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"tanh(",5)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_tanh,compile(ss5,se1));
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"log10(",6)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_log10,compile(ss6,se1));
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"log2(",5)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_log2,compile(ss5,se1));
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"log(",4)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_log,compile(ss4,se1));
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"exp(",4)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_exp,compile(ss4,se1));
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"sqrt(",5)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_sqrt,compile(ss5,se1));
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"sign(",5)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_sign,compile(ss5,se1));
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"abs(",4)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_abs,compile(ss4,se1));
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"atan2(",6)) {
+            char *s1 = ss6; while (s1<se2 && (*s1!=',' || level[s1-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s1;
+            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_atan2,compile(ss6,s1),compile(s1+1,se1));
+          }
+          if (*ss=='i' && *ss1=='f' && *ss2=='(') {
+            char *s1 = ss3; while (s1<se4 && (*s1!=',' || level[s1-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s1;
+            char *s2 = s1+1; while (s2<se2 && (*s2!=',' || level[s2-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s2;
+            const unsigned int mem_cond = compile(ss3,s1), bp1 = code._width, mem_A = compile(s1+1,s2),
+              bp2 = code._width, mem_B = compile(s2+1,se1);
+            if (mempos>=mem._width) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
+            const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
+            CImg<longT>::vector(_cimg_mp_enfunc(mp_if),pos,mem_cond,mem_A,mem_B,bp2-bp1,code._width-bp2).
+              move_to(code,bp1);
+            _cimg_mp_return(pos);
+          }
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"round(",6)) {
+            unsigned int value = 0, round = 1, direction = 0;
+            char *s1 = ss6; while (s1<se2 && (*s1!=',' || level[s1-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s1;
+            value = compile(ss6,s1==se2?++s1:s1);
+            if (s1<se1) {
+              char *s2 = s1+1; while (s2<se2 && (*s2!=',' || level[s2-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s2;
+              round = compile(s1+1,s2==se2?++s2:s2);
+              if (s2<se1) direction = compile(s2+1,se1);
+            }
+            _cimg_mp_opcode3(mp_round,value,round,direction);
+          }
+          if ((*ss=='?' || *ss=='u') && *ss1=='(') {
+            if (*ss2==')') _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_u,0,1);
+            char *s1 = ss2; while (s1<se1 && (*s1!=',' || level[s1-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s1;
+            if (s1<se1) _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_u,compile(ss2,s1),compile(s1+1,se1));
+            _cimg_mp_opcode2(mp_u,0,compile(ss2,s1));
+          }
+          const bool is_relative = *ss=='j';
+          if ((*ss=='i' || is_relative) && *ss1=='(') {
+            if (*ss2==')') _cimg_mp_opcode0(mp_i);
+            unsigned int
+              indx = is_relative?0:9, indy = is_relative?0:10,
+              indz = is_relative?0:11, indc = is_relative?0:12,
+              borders = 0, interpolation = 0;
+            if (ss2!=se1) {
+              char *s1 = ss2; while (s1<se2 && (*s1!=',' || level[s1-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s1;
+              indx = compile(ss2,s1==se2?++s1:s1);
+              if (s1<se1) {
+                char *s2 = s1+1; while (s2<se2 && (*s2!=',' || level[s2-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s2;
+                indy = compile(s1+1,s2==se2?++s2:s2);
+                if (s2<se1) {
+                  char *s3 = s2+1; while (s3<se2 && (*s3!=',' || level[s3-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s3;
+                  indz = compile(s2+1,s3==se2?++s3:s3);
+                  if (s3<se1) {
+                    char *s4 = s3+1; while (s4<se2 && (*s4!=',' || level[s4-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s4;
+                    indc = compile(s3+1,s4==se2?++s4:s4);
+                    if (s4<se1) {
+                      char *s5 = s4+1; while (s5<se2 && (*s5!=',' || level[s5-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s5;
+                      interpolation = compile(s4+1,s5==se2?++s5:s5);
+                      if (s5<se1) borders = compile(s5+1,se1);
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+            _cimg_mp_opcode6(is_relative?mp_jxyzc:mp_ixyzc,indx,indy,indz,indc,interpolation,borders);
+          }
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"min(",4) || !std::strncmp(ss,"max(",4) ||
+              !std::strncmp(ss,"med(",4) || !std::strncmp(ss,"kth(",4)) {
+            CImgList<longT> opcode;
+            if (mempos>=mem.size()) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
+            const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
+            CImg<longT>::vector(_cimg_mp_enfunc(*ss=='k'?mp_kth:ss[1]=='i'?mp_min:ss[1]=='a'?mp_max:mp_med),pos).
+              move_to(opcode);
+            for (char *s = ss4; s<se; ++s) {
+              char *ns = s; while (ns<se && (*ns!=',' || level[ns-expr._data]!=clevel1) &&
+                                   (*ns!=')' || level[ns-expr._data]!=clevel)) ++ns;
+              CImg<longT>::vector(compile(s,ns)).move_to(opcode);
+              s = ns;
+            }
+            (opcode>'y').move_to(code);
+            _cimg_mp_return(pos);
+          }
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"arg(",4)) {
+            CImgList<longT> opcode;
+            if (mempos>=mem.size()) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
+            const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
+            CImg<longT>::vector(_cimg_mp_enfunc(mp_arg),pos).move_to(opcode);
+            for (char *s = ss4; s<se; ++s) {
+              char *ns = s; while (ns<se && (*ns!=',' || level[ns-expr._data]!=clevel1) &&
+                                   (*ns!=')' || level[ns-expr._data]!=clevel)) ++ns;
+              CImg<longT>::vector(compile(s,ns)).move_to(opcode);
+              s = ns;
+            }
+            (opcode>'y').move_to(code);
+            _cimg_mp_return(pos);
+          }
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"narg(",5)) {
+            if (*ss5==')') _cimg_mp_return(0);
+            unsigned int nb_args = 0;
+            for (char *s = ss5; s<se; ++s) {
+              char *ns = s; while (ns<se && (*ns!=',' || level[ns-expr._data]!=clevel1) &&
+                                   (*ns!=')' || level[ns-expr._data]!=clevel)) ++ns;
+              ++nb_args; s = ns;
+            }
+            if (nb_args==0 || nb_args==1) _cimg_mp_return(nb_args);
+            if (mempos>=mem.size()) mem.resize(-200,1,1,1,0);
+            const unsigned int pos = mempos++;
+            mem[pos] = nb_args;
+            _cimg_mp_return(pos);
+          }
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"isval(",6)) {
+            char sep = 0, end = 0; double val = 0;
+            if (std::sscanf(ss6,"%lf%c%c",&val,&sep,&end)==2 && sep==')') _cimg_mp_return(1);
+            _cimg_mp_return(0);
+          }
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"isnan(",6)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_isnan,compile(ss6,se1));
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"isinf(",6)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_isinf,compile(ss6,se1));
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"isint(",6)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_isint,compile(ss6,se1));
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"isbool(",7)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_isbool,compile(ss7,se1));
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"rol(",4) || !std::strncmp(ss,"ror(",4)) {
+            unsigned int value = 0, nb = 1;
+            char *s1 = ss4; while (s1<se2 && (*s1!=',' || level[s1-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s1;
+            value = compile(ss4,s1==se2?++s1:s1);
+            if (s1<se1) {
+              char *s2 = s1+1; while (s2<se2 && (*s2!=',' || level[s2-expr._data]!=clevel1)) ++s2;
+              nb = compile(s1+1,se1);
+            }
+            _cimg_mp_opcode2(*ss2=='l'?mp_rol:mp_ror,value,nb);
+          }
+
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"sinc(",5)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_sinc,compile(ss5,se1));
+          if (!std::strncmp(ss,"int(",4)) _cimg_mp_opcode1(mp_int,compile(ss4,se1));
+        }
+
+        // No known item found, assuming this is an already initialized variable.
+        CImg<charT> variable_name(ss,(unsigned int)(se-ss+1));
+        variable_name.back() = 0;
+        if (variable_name[1]) { // Multi-char variable.
+          cimglist_for(labelM,i) if (!std::strcmp(variable_name,labelM[i])) _cimg_mp_return(labelMpos[i]);
+        } else if (label1pos[*variable_name]!=~0U) _cimg_mp_return(label1pos[*variable_name]); // Single-char variable.
+        *se = saved_char;
+        throw CImgArgumentException("[_cimg_math_parser] "
+                                    "CImg<%s>::%s(): Invalid item '%s' in specified expression '%s%s%s'.\n",
+                                    pixel_type(),calling_function,
+                                    variable_name._data,
+                                    (ss-8)>expr._data?"...":"",
+                                    (ss-8)>expr._data?ss-8:expr._data,
+                                    se<&expr.back()?"...":"");
+      }
+
+      // Evaluation functions, known by the parser.
+      // Defining these functions 'static' ensures that sizeof(mp_func)==sizeof(ulong), so we can store pointers to them
+      // directly in the opcode vectors.
+      static double mp_u(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)] + cimg::rand()*(mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]-mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_g(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        cimg::unused(mp);
+        return cimg::grand();
+      }
+      static double mp_i(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return (double)mp.reference.atXYZC((int)mp.mem[9],(int)mp.mem[10],(int)mp.mem[11],(int)mp.mem[12],0);
+      }
+      static double mp_logical_and(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        const bool is_A = (bool)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
+        const CImg<longT> *const pE = ++mp.p_code + mp.opcode(4);
+        if (!is_A) { mp.p_code = pE - 1; return 0; }
+        const unsigned int mem_B = (unsigned int)mp.opcode(3);
+        for ( ; mp.p_code<pE; ++mp.p_code) {
+          const CImg<longT> &op = *mp.p_code;
+          mp.opcode._data = op._data; mp.opcode._height = op._height;
+          const unsigned int target = (unsigned int)mp.opcode[1];
+          mp.mem[target] = _cimg_mp_defunc(mp);
+        }
+        --mp.p_code;
+        return (double)(bool)mp.mem[mem_B];
+      }
+      static double mp_logical_or(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        const bool is_A = (bool)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
+        const CImg<longT> *const pE = ++mp.p_code + mp.opcode(4);
+        if (is_A) { mp.p_code = pE - 1; return 1; }
+        const unsigned int mem_B = (unsigned int)mp.opcode(3);
+        for ( ; mp.p_code<pE; ++mp.p_code) {
+          const CImg<longT> &op = *mp.p_code;
+          mp.opcode._data = op._data; mp.opcode._height = op._height;
+          const unsigned int target = (unsigned int)mp.opcode[1];
+          mp.mem[target] = _cimg_mp_defunc(mp);
+        }
+        --mp.p_code;
+        return (double)(bool)mp.mem[mem_B];
+      }
+      static double mp_infeq(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return (double)(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]<=mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_supeq(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return (double)(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]>=mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_noteq(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return (double)(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]!=mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_eqeq(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return (double)(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]==mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_inf(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return (double)(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]<mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_sup(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return (double)(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]>mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_add(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)] + mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)];
+      }
+      static double mp_sub(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)] - mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)];
+      }
+      static double mp_mul(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        const double A = mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
+        const CImg<longT> *const pE = ++mp.p_code + mp.opcode(4);
+        if (!A) { mp.p_code = pE - 1; return 0; }
+        const unsigned int mem_B = (unsigned int)mp.opcode(3);
+        for ( ; mp.p_code<pE; ++mp.p_code) {
+          const CImg<longT> &op = *mp.p_code;
+          mp.opcode._data = op._data; mp.opcode._height = op._height;
+          const unsigned int target = (unsigned int)mp.opcode[1];
+          mp.mem[target] = _cimg_mp_defunc(mp);
+        }
+        --mp.p_code;
+        return A*(double)mp.mem[mem_B];
+      }
+      static double mp_div(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)] / mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)];
+      }
+      static double mp_minus(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return -mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
+      }
+      static double mp_not(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return !mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
+      }
+      static double mp_logical_not(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return !mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
+      }
+      static double mp_bitwise_not(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return ~(unsigned long)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
+      }
+      static double mp_modulo(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return cimg::mod(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)],mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_bitwise_and(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return ((unsigned long)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)] & (unsigned long)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_bitwise_or(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return ((unsigned long)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)] | (unsigned long)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_pow(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        const double v = mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)], p = mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)];
+        if (p==0) return 1;
+        if (p==0.5) return std::sqrt(v);
+        if (p==1) return v;
+        if (p==2) return v*v;
+        if (p==3) return v*v*v;
+        if (p==4) return v*v*v*v;
+        return std::pow(v,p);
+      }
+      static double mp_sin(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return std::sin(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_cos(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return std::cos(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_tan(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return std::tan(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_asin(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return std::asin(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_acos(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return std::acos(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_atan(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return std::atan(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_sinh(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return std::sinh(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_cosh(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return std::cosh(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_tanh(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return std::tanh(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_log10(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return std::log10(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_log2(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return cimg::log2(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_log(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return std::log(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_exp(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return std::exp(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_sqrt(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return std::sqrt(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_sign(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return cimg::sign(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_abs(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return cimg::abs(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_atan2(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return std::atan2(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)],mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_if(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        const bool is_cond = (bool)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
+        const unsigned int mem_A = (unsigned int)mp.opcode(3), mem_B = (unsigned int)mp.opcode(4);
+        const CImg<longT>
+          *const pB = ++mp.p_code + mp.opcode(5),
+          *const pE = pB + mp.opcode(6);
+        if (is_cond) { // Evaluate on-the-fly only the correct argument.
+          for ( ; mp.p_code<pB; ++mp.p_code) {
+            const CImg<longT> &op = *mp.p_code;
+            mp.opcode._data = op._data; mp.opcode._height = op._height;
+            const unsigned int target = (unsigned int)mp.opcode[1];
+            mp.mem[target] = _cimg_mp_defunc(mp);
+          }
+          mp.p_code = pE - 1;
+          return mp.mem[mem_A];
+        }
+        for (mp.p_code = pB; mp.p_code<pE; ++mp.p_code) {
+          const CImg<longT> &op = *mp.p_code;
+          mp.opcode._data = op._data; mp.opcode._height = op._height;
+          const unsigned int target = (unsigned int)mp.opcode[1];
+          mp.mem[target] = _cimg_mp_defunc(mp);
+        }
+        --mp.p_code;
+        return mp.mem[mem_B];
+      }
+      static double mp_round(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return cimg::round(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)],mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)],(int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_ixyzc(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        const int i = (int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(6)], b = (int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(7)];
+        if (i==0) { // Nearest neighbor interpolation.
+          if (b==2) return (double)mp.reference.atXYZC(cimg::mod((int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)],mp.reference.width()),
+                                                    cimg::mod((int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)],mp.reference.height()),
+                                                    cimg::mod((int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)],mp.reference.depth()),
+                                                    cimg::mod((int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)],mp.reference.spectrum()));
+          if (b==1) return (double)mp.reference.atXYZC((int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)],
+                                                    (int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)],
+                                                    (int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)],
+                                                    (int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)]);
+          return (double)mp.reference.atXYZC((int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)],
+                                          (int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)],
+                                          (int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)],
+                                          (int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)],0);
+        } else { // Linear interpolation.
+          if (b==2) return (double)mp.reference.linear_atXYZC(cimg::mod((float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)],(float)mp.reference.width()),
+                                                           cimg::mod((float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)],(float)mp.reference.height()),
+                                                           cimg::mod((float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)],(float)mp.reference.depth()),
+                                                           cimg::mod((float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)],(float)mp.reference.spectrum()));
+          if (b==1) return (double)mp.reference.linear_atXYZC((float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)],
+                                                           (float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)],
+                                                           (float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)],
+                                                           (float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)]);
+          return (double)mp.reference.linear_atXYZC((float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)],
+                                                 (float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)],
+                                                 (float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)],
+                                                 (float)mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)],0);
+        }
+      }
+      static double mp_jxyzc(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        const double x = mp.mem[9], y = mp.mem[10], z = mp.mem[11], c = mp.mem[12];
+        const int i = (int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(6)], b = (int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(7)];
+        if (i==0) { // Nearest neighbor interpolation.
+          if (b==2) return (double)mp.reference.atXYZC(cimg::mod((int)(x+mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]),mp.reference.width()),
+                                                    cimg::mod((int)(y+mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]),mp.reference.height()),
+                                                    cimg::mod((int)(z+mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)]),mp.reference.depth()),
+                                                    cimg::mod((int)(c+mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)]),mp.reference.spectrum()));
+          if (b==1) return (double)mp.reference.atXYZC((int)(x+mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]),
+                                                    (int)(y+mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]),
+                                                    (int)(z+mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)]),
+                                                    (int)(c+mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)]));
+          return (double)mp.reference.atXYZC((int)(x+mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]),
+                                          (int)(y+mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]),
+                                          (int)(z+mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)]),
+                                          (int)(c+mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)]),0);
+        } else { // Linear interpolation.
+          if (b==2) return (double)mp.reference.linear_atXYZC(cimg::mod((float)(x+mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]),(float)mp.reference.width()),
+                                                           cimg::mod((float)(y+mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]),(float)mp.reference.height()),
+                                                           cimg::mod((float)(z+mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)]),(float)mp.reference.depth()),
+                                                           cimg::mod((float)(c+mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)]),(float)mp.reference.spectrum()));
+          if (b==1) return (double)mp.reference.linear_atXYZC((float)(x+mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]),
+                                                           (float)(y+mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]),
+                                                           (float)(z+mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)]),
+                                                           (float)(c+mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)]));
+          return (double)mp.reference.linear_atXYZC((float)(x+mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]),
+                                                 (float)(y+mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]),
+                                                 (float)(z+mp.mem[mp.opcode(4)]),
+                                                 (float)(c+mp.mem[mp.opcode(5)]),0);
+        }
+      }
+      static double mp_min(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        double val = mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
+        for (unsigned int i = 3; i<mp.opcode._height; ++i) val = cimg::min(val,mp.mem[mp.opcode(i)]);
+        return val;
+      }
+      static double mp_max(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        double val = mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
+        for (unsigned int i = 3; i<mp.opcode._height; ++i) val = cimg::max(val,mp.mem[mp.opcode(i)]);
+        return val;
+      }
+      static double mp_med(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        CImg<doubleT> values(mp.opcode._height-2);
+        double *p = values.data();
+        for (unsigned int i = 2; i<mp.opcode._height; ++i) *(p++) = mp.mem[mp.opcode(i)];
+        return values.median();
+      }
+      static double mp_kth(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        CImg<doubleT> values(mp.opcode._height-3);
+        double *p = values.data();
+        for (unsigned int i = 3; i<mp.opcode._height; ++i) *(p++) = mp.mem[mp.opcode(i)];
+        int ind = (int)cimg::round(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
+        if (ind<0) ind+=1+values.width();
+        ind = cimg::max(1,cimg::min(values.width(),ind));
+        return values.kth_smallest(ind-1);
+      }
+      static double mp_isnan(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        const double val = mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
+        return cimg::type<double>::is_nan(val);
+      }
+      static double mp_isinf(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        const double val = mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
+        return cimg::type<double>::is_inf(val);
+      }
+      static double mp_isint(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        const double val = mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
+        return (double)(cimg::mod(val,1.0)==0);
+      }
+      static double mp_isbool(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        const double val = mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
+        return (val==0.0 || val==1.0);
+      }
+      static double mp_rol(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return cimg::rol(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)],(unsigned int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_ror(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return cimg::ror(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)],(unsigned int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_lsl(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return (long)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]<<(unsigned int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)];
+      }
+      static double mp_lsr(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return (long)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]>>(unsigned int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(3)];
+      }
+      static double mp_sinc(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return cimg::sinc(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
+      }
+      static double mp_im(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
+        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[0]:0;
+      }
+      static double mp_iM(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
+        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[1]:0;
+      }
+      static double mp_ia(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
+        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[2]:0;
+      }
+      static double mp_iv(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
+        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[3]:0;
+      }
+      static double mp_xm(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
+        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[4]:0;
+      }
+      static double mp_ym(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
+        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[5]:0;
+      }
+      static double mp_zm(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
+        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[6]:0;
+      }
+      static double mp_cm(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
+        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[7]:0;
+      }
+      static double mp_xM(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
+        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[8]:0;
+      }
+      static double mp_yM(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
+        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[9]:0;
+      }
+      static double mp_zM(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
+        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[10]:0;
+      }
+      static double mp_cM(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        if (!mp.reference_stats) mp.reference.get_stats().move_to(mp.reference_stats);
+        return mp.reference_stats?mp.reference_stats[11]:0;
+      }
+      static double mp_arg(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        const int _ind = (int)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
+        const unsigned int nb_args = mp.opcode._height-2, ind = _ind<0?_ind+nb_args:(unsigned int)_ind;
+        if (ind>=nb_args) return 0;
+        return mp.mem[mp.opcode(ind+2)];
+      }
+      static double mp_int(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        return (double)(long)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
+      }
+      static double mp_ioff(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        const unsigned long off = (unsigned long)mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)];
+        if (off>=mp.reference.size()) return 0;
+        return (double)mp.reference[off];
+      }
+      static double mp_joff(_cimg_math_parser& mp) {
+        const int x = (int)mp.mem[9], y = (int)mp.mem[10], z = (int)mp.mem[11], c = (int)mp.mem[12];
+        const unsigned long off = mp.reference.offset(x,y,z,c) + (unsigned long)(mp.mem[mp.opcode(2)]);
+        if (off>=mp.reference.size()) return 0;
+        return (double)mp.reference[off];
+      }
+
+      // Evaluation procedure, with image data.
+      double operator()(const double x, const double y, const double z, const double c) {
+        if (!mem) return 0;
+        mem[9] = x; mem[10] = y; mem[11] = z; mem[12] = c;
+        opcode._is_shared = true; opcode._width = opcode._depth = opcode._spectrum = 1;
+
+        for (p_code = code._data; p_code<code.end(); ++p_code) {
+          const CImg<longT> &op = *p_code;
+          // Allows to avoid parameter passing to evaluation functions.
+          opcode._data = op._data; opcode._height = op._height;
+          const unsigned int target = (unsigned int)opcode[1];
+          mem[target] = _cimg_mp_defunc(*this);
+        }
+        return mem[result];
+      }
+    };
+
+    //! Compute the square value of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its square value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}^2\f$.
+       \note
+       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
+       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg");
+       (img,img.get_sqr().normalize(0,255)).display();
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_sqr.jpg
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& sqr() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=524288)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) { const T val = *ptrd; *ptrd = (T)(val*val); };
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the square value of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_sqr() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).sqr();
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the square root of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its square root \f$\sqrt{I_{(x,y,z,c)}}\f$.
+       \note
+       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
+       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg");
+       (img,img.get_sqrt().normalize(0,255)).display();
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_sqrt.jpg
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& sqrt() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=8192)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::sqrt((double)*ptrd);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the square root of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_sqrt() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).sqrt();
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the exponential of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its exponential \f$e^{I_{(x,y,z,c)}}\f$.
+       \note
+       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
+       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& exp() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=4096)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::exp((double)*ptrd);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the exponential of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_exp() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).exp();
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the logarithm of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its logarithm
+       \f$\mathrm{log}_{e}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
+       \note
+       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
+       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& log() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=262144)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::log((double)*ptrd);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the logarithm of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_log() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).log();
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the base-2 logarithm of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its base-2 logarithm
+       \f$\mathrm{log}_{2}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
+       \note
+       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
+       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& log2() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=4096)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)cimg::log2((double)*ptrd);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the base-10 logarithm of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_log2() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).log2();
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the base-10 logarithm of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its base-10 logarithm
+       \f$\mathrm{log}_{10}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
+       \note
+       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
+       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& log10() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=4096)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::log10((double)*ptrd);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the base-10 logarithm of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_log10() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).log10();
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the absolute value of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its absolute value \f$|I_{(x,y,z,c)}|\f$.
+       \note
+       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
+       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& abs() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=524288)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = cimg::abs(*ptrd);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the absolute value of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_abs() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).abs();
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the sign of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its sign
+       \f$\mathrm{sign}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
+       \note
+       - The sign is set to:
+         - \c 1 if pixel value is strictly positive.
+         - \c -1 if pixel value is strictly negative.
+         - \c 0 if pixel value is equal to \c 0.
+       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
+       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& sign() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = cimg::sign(*ptrd);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the sign of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_sign() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).sign();
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the cosine of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its cosine \f$\cos(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
+       \note
+       - Pixel values are regarded as being in \e radian.
+       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
+       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& cos() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=8192)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::cos((double)*ptrd);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the cosine of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_cos() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).cos();
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the sine of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its sine \f$\sin(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
+       \note
+       - Pixel values are regarded as being in \e radian.
+       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
+       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& sin() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=8192)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::sin((double)*ptrd);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the sine of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_sin() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).sin();
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the sinc of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its sinc
+       \f$\mathrm{sinc}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
+       \note
+       - Pixel values are regarded as being exin \e radian.
+       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
+       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& sinc() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=2048)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)cimg::sinc((double)*ptrd);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the sinc of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_sinc() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).sinc();
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the tangent of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its tangent \f$\tan(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
+       \note
+       - Pixel values are regarded as being exin \e radian.
+       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
+       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& tan() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=2048)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::tan((double)*ptrd);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the tangent of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_tan() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).tan();
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the hyperbolic cosine of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its hyperbolic cosine
+       \f$\mathrm{cosh}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
+       \note
+       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
+       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& cosh() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=2048)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::cosh((double)*ptrd);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the hyperbolic cosine of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_cosh() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).cosh();
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the hyperbolic sine of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its hyperbolic sine
+       \f$\mathrm{sinh}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
+       \note
+       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
+       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& sinh() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=2048)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::sinh((double)*ptrd);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the hyperbolic sine of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_sinh() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).sinh();
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the hyperbolic tangent of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its hyperbolic tangent
+       \f$\mathrm{tanh}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
+       \note
+       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
+       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& tanh() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=2048)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::tanh((double)*ptrd);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the hyperbolic tangent of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_tanh() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).tanh();
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the arccosine of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its arccosine
+       \f$\mathrm{acos}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
+       \note
+       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
+       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& acos() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=8192)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::acos((double)*ptrd);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the arccosine of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_acos() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).acos();
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the arcsine of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its arcsine
+       \f$\mathrm{asin}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
+       \note
+       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
+       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& asin() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=8192)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::asin((double)*ptrd);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the arcsine of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_asin() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).asin();
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the arctangent of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its arctangent
+       \f$\mathrm{atan}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
+       \note
+       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
+       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& atan() {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=8192)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::atan((double)*ptrd);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the arctangent of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_atan() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).atan();
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the arctangent2 of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its arctangent2
+       \f$\mathrm{atan2}(I_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
+       \param img Image whose pixel values specify the second argument of the \c atan2() function.
+       \note
+       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
+       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float>
+          img_x(100,100,1,1,"x-w/2",false),   // Define an horizontal centered gradient, from '-width/2' to 'width/2'.
+          img_y(100,100,1,1,"y-h/2",false),   // Define a vertical centered gradient, from '-height/2' to 'height/2'.
+          img_atan2 = img_y.get_atan2(img_x); // Compute atan2(y,x) for each pixel value.
+       (img_x,img_y,img_atan2).display();
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& atan2(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
+      if (siz && isiz) {
+        if (is_overlapped(img)) return atan2(+img);
+        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
+        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
+          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
+            *ptrd = (T)std::atan2((double)*ptrd,(double)*(ptrs++));
+        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)std::atan2((double)*ptrd,(double)*(ptrs++));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the arctangent2 of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_atan2(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).atan2(img);
+    }
+
+    //! In-place pointwise multiplication.
+    /**
+       Compute the pointwise multiplication between the image instance and the specified input image \c img.
+       \param img Input image, as the second operand of the multiplication.
+       \note
+       - Similar to operator+=(const CImg<t>&), except that it performs a pointwise multiplication
+         instead of an addition.
+       - It does \e not perform a \e matrix multiplication. For this purpose, use operator*=(const CImg<t>&) instead.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImg<float>
+         img("reference.jpg"),
+         shade(img.width,img.height(),1,1,"-(x-w/2)^2-(y-h/2)^2",false);
+       shade.normalize(0,1);
+       (img,shade,img.get_mul(shade)).display();
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& mul(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
+      if (siz && isiz) {
+        if (is_overlapped(img)) return mul(+img);
+        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
+        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
+          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
+            *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd * *(ptrs++));
+        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd * *(ptrs++));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place pointwise multiplication \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<_cimg_Tt> get_mul(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false).mul(img);
+    }
+
+    //! In-place pointwise division.
+    /**
+       Similar to mul(const CImg<t>&), except that it performs a pointwise division instead of a multiplication.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& div(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
+      if (siz && isiz) {
+        if (is_overlapped(img)) return div(+img);
+        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
+        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
+          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
+            *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd / *(ptrs++));
+        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)(*ptrd / *(ptrs++));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! In-place pointwise division \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<_cimg_Tt> get_div(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false).div(img);
+    }
+
+    //! Raise each pixel value to a specified power.
+    /**
+       Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by its power \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}^p\f$.
+       \param p Exponent value.
+       \note
+       - The \inplace of this method statically casts the computed values to the pixel type \c T.
+       - The \newinstance returns a \c CImg<float> image, if the pixel type \c T is \e not float-valued.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float>
+         img0("reference.jpg"),           // Load reference color image.
+         img1 = (img0/255).pow(1.8)*=255, // Compute gamma correction, with gamma = 1.8.
+         img2 = (img0/255).pow(0.5)*=255; // Compute gamma correction, with gamma = 0.5.
+       (img0,img1,img2).display();
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& pow(const double p) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (p==-4) {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
+#endif
+        cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) { const T val = *ptrd; *ptrd = (T)(1.0/(val*val*val*val)); }
+        return *this;
+      }
+      if (p==-3) {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
+#endif
+        cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) { const T val = *ptrd; *ptrd = (T)(1.0/(val*val*val)); }
+        return *this;
+      }
+      if (p==-2) {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
+#endif
+        cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) { const T val = *ptrd; *ptrd = (T)(1.0/(val*val)); }
+        return *this;
+      }
+      if (p==-1) {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
+#endif
+        cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) { const T val = *ptrd; *ptrd = (T)(1.0/val); }
+        return *this;
+      }
+      if (p==-0.5) {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=8192)
+#endif
+        cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) { const T val = *ptrd; *ptrd = (T)(1/std::sqrt((double)val)); }
+        return *this;
+      }
+      if (p==0) return fill(1);
+      if (p==0.5) return sqrt();
+      if (p==1) return *this;
+      if (p==2) return sqr();
+      if (p==3) {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=262144)
+#endif
+        cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) { const T val = *ptrd; *ptrd = val*val*val; }
+        return *this;
+      }
+      if (p==4) {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=131072)
+#endif
+        cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) { const T val = *ptrd; *ptrd = val*val*val*val; }
+        return *this;
+      }
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=1024)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)std::pow((double)*ptrd,p);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Raise each pixel value to a specified power \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_pow(const double p) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).pow(p);
+    }
+
+    //! Raise each pixel value to a power, specified from an expression.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const char*), except it performs a pointwise exponentiation instead of an addition.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& pow(const char *const expression) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      try {
+        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
+        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"pow");
+        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
+        if (*expression=='<') cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)std::pow((double)*ptrd,mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
+        else if (*expression=='>')
+          cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)std::pow((double)*ptrd,mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        else {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
+#pragma omp parallel
+          {
+            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
+#pragma omp for collapse(3)
+            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
+              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)std::pow((double)*ptrd,lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+            }
+          }
+          else
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)std::pow((double)*ptrd,mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        }
+      } catch (CImgException&) {
+        CImg<Tfloat> values(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+        try {
+          values.fill(expression,true);
+        } catch (CImgException&) {
+          cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+          values.load(expression);
+        }
+        pow(values);
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Raise each pixel value to a power, specified from an expression \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_pow(const char *const expression) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).pow(expression);
+    }
+
+    //! Raise each pixel value to a power, pointwisely specified from another image.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator+=(const CImg<t>& img), except that it performs an exponentiation instead of an addition.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& pow(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
+      if (siz && isiz) {
+        if (is_overlapped(img)) return pow(+img);
+        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
+        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
+          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
+            *ptrd = (T)std::pow((double)*ptrd,(double)(*(ptrs++)));
+        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)std::pow((double)*ptrd,(double)(*(ptrs++)));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Raise each pixel value to a power, pointwisely specified from another image \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_pow(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).pow(img);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the bitwise left rotation of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator<<=(unsigned int), except that it performs a left rotation instead of a left shift.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& rol(const unsigned int n=1) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)cimg::rol(*ptrd,n);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the bitwise left rotation of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_rol(const unsigned int n=1) const {
+      return (+*this).rol(n);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the bitwise left rotation of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator<<=(const char*), except that it performs a left rotation instead of a left shift.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& rol(const char *const expression) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      try {
+        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
+        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"rol");
+        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
+        if (*expression=='<')
+          cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::rol(*ptrd,(unsigned int)mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
+        else if (*expression=='>')
+          cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::rol(*ptrd,(unsigned int)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        else {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
+#pragma omp parallel
+          {
+            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
+#pragma omp for collapse(3)
+            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
+              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::rol(*ptrd,(unsigned int)lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+            }
+          }
+          else
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::rol(*ptrd,(unsigned int)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        }
+      } catch (CImgException&) {
+        CImg<Tfloat> values(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+        try {
+          values.fill(expression,true);
+        } catch (CImgException&) {
+          cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+          values.load(expression);
+        }
+        rol(values);
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the bitwise left rotation of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_rol(const char *const expression) const {
+      return (+*this).rol(expression);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the bitwise left rotation of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator<<=(const CImg<t>&), except that it performs a left rotation instead of a left shift.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& rol(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
+      if (siz && isiz) {
+        if (is_overlapped(img)) return rol(+img);
+        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
+        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
+          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
+            *ptrd = (T)cimg::rol(*ptrd,(unsigned int)(*(ptrs++)));
+        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)cimg::rol(*ptrd,(unsigned int)(*(ptrs++)));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the bitwise left rotation of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> get_rol(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return (+*this).rol(img);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the bitwise right rotation of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator>>=(unsigned int), except that it performs a right rotation instead of a right shift.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& ror(const unsigned int n=1) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)cimg::ror(*ptrd,n);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the bitwise right rotation of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_ror(const unsigned int n=1) const {
+      return (+*this).ror(n);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the bitwise right rotation of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator>>=(const char*), except that it performs a right rotation instead of a right shift.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& ror(const char *const expression) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      try {
+        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
+        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"ror");
+        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
+        if (*expression=='<')
+          cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::ror(*ptrd,(unsigned int)mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
+        else if (*expression=='>')
+          cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::ror(*ptrd,(unsigned int)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        else {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
+#pragma omp parallel
+          {
+            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
+#pragma omp for collapse(3)
+            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
+              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::ror(*ptrd,(unsigned int)lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+            }
+          }
+          else
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::ror(*ptrd,(unsigned int)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        }
+      } catch (CImgException&) {
+        CImg<Tfloat> values(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+        try {
+          values.fill(expression,true);
+        } catch (CImgException&) {
+          cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+          values.load(expression);
+        }
+        ror(values);
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the bitwise right rotation of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_ror(const char *const expression) const {
+      return (+*this).ror(expression);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the bitwise right rotation of each pixel value.
+    /**
+       Similar to operator>>=(const CImg<t>&), except that it performs a right rotation instead of a right shift.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& ror(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
+      if (siz && isiz) {
+        if (is_overlapped(img)) return ror(+img);
+        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
+        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
+          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
+            *ptrd = (T)cimg::ror(*ptrd,(unsigned int)(*(ptrs++)));
+        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = (T)cimg::ror(*ptrd,(unsigned int)(*(ptrs++)));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the bitwise right rotation of each pixel value \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> get_ror(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return (+*this).ror(img);
+    }
+
+    //! Pointwise min operator between instance image and a value.
+    /**
+       \param val Value used as the reference argument of the min operator.
+       \note Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by
+       \f$\mathrm{min}(I_{(x,y,z,c)},\mathrm{val})\f$.
+     **/
+    CImg<T>& min(const T val) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=65536)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = cimg::min(*ptrd,val);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Pointwise min operator between instance image and a value \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_min(const T val) const {
+      return (+*this).min(val);
+    }
+
+    //! Pointwise min operator between two images.
+    /**
+       \param img Image used as the reference argument of the min operator.
+       \note Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by
+       \f$\mathrm{min}(I_{(x,y,z,c)},\mathrm{img}_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
+     **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& min(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
+      if (siz && isiz) {
+        if (is_overlapped(img)) return min(+img);
+        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
+        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
+          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
+            *ptrd = cimg::min((T)*(ptrs++),*ptrd);
+        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = cimg::min((T)*(ptrs++),*ptrd);
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Pointwise min operator between two images \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<_cimg_Tt> get_min(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false).min(img);
+    }
+
+    //! Pointwise min operator between an image and an expression.
+    /**
+       \param expression Math formula as a C-string.
+       \note Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by
+       \f$\mathrm{min}(I_{(x,y,z,c)},\mathrm{expr}_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& min(const char *const expression) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      try {
+        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
+        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"min");
+        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
+        if (*expression=='<') cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::min(*ptrd,(T)mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
+        else if (*expression=='>') cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::min(*ptrd,(T)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        else {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
+#pragma omp parallel
+          {
+            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
+#pragma omp for collapse(3)
+            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
+              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::min(*ptrd,(T)lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+            }
+          }
+          else
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::min(*ptrd,(T)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        }
+      } catch (CImgException&) {
+        CImg<T> values(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+        try {
+          values.fill(expression,true);
+        } catch (CImgException&) {
+          cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+          values.load(expression);
+        }
+        min(values);
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Pointwise min operator between an image and an expression \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_min(const char *const expression) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).min(expression);
+    }
+
+    //! Pointwise max operator between instance image and a value.
+    /**
+       \param val Value used as the reference argument of the max operator.
+       \note Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by
+       \f$\mathrm{max}(I_{(x,y,z,c)},\mathrm{val})\f$.
+     **/
+    CImg<T>& max(const T val) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=65536)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = cimg::max(*ptrd,val);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Pointwise max operator between instance image and a value \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_max(const T val) const {
+      return (+*this).max(val);
+    }
+
+    //! Pointwise max operator between two images.
+    /**
+       \param img Image used as the reference argument of the max operator.
+       \note Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by
+       \f$\mathrm{max}(I_{(x,y,z,c)},\mathrm{img}_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
+     **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& max(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      const unsigned long siz = size(), isiz = img.size();
+      if (siz && isiz) {
+        if (is_overlapped(img)) return max(+img);
+        T *ptrd = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz;
+        if (siz>isiz) for (unsigned long n = siz/isiz; n; --n)
+          for (const t *ptrs = img._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + isiz; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrd)
+            *ptrd = cimg::max((T)*(ptrs++),*ptrd);
+        for (const t *ptrs = img._data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrd) *ptrd = cimg::max((T)*(ptrs++),*ptrd);
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Pointwise max operator between two images \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<_cimg_Tt> get_max(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this,false).max(img);
+    }
+
+    //! Pointwise max operator between an image and an expression.
+    /**
+       \param expression Math formula as a C-string.
+       \note Replace each pixel value \f$I_{(x,y,z,c)}\f$ of the image instance by
+       \f$\mathrm{max}(I_{(x,y,z,c)},\mathrm{expr}_{(x,y,z,c)})\f$.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& max(const char *const expression) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      try {
+        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
+        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"max");
+        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
+        if (*expression=='<') cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::max(*ptrd,(T)mp(x,y,z,c)); --ptrd; }
+        else if (*expression=='>') cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::max(*ptrd,(T)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        else {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
+#pragma omp parallel
+          {
+            _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
+#pragma omp for collapse(3)
+            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
+              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::max(*ptrd,(T)lmp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+            }
+          }
+          else
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { *ptrd = (T)cimg::max(*ptrd,(T)mp(x,y,z,c)); ++ptrd; }
+        }
+      } catch (CImgException&) {
+        CImg<T> values(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+        try {
+          values.fill(expression,true);
+        } catch (CImgException&) {
+          cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+          values.load(expression);
+        }
+        max(values);
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Pointwise max operator between an image and an expression \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_max(const char *const expression) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).max(expression);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to the minimum pixel value.
+    /**
+     **/
+    T& min() {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "min(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      T *ptr_min = _data;
+      T min_value = *ptr_min;
+      cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) if (*ptrs<min_value) min_value = *(ptr_min=ptrs);
+      return *ptr_min;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to the minimum pixel value \const.
+    const T& min() const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "min(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      const T *ptr_min = _data;
+      T min_value = *ptr_min;
+      cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) if (*ptrs<min_value) min_value = *(ptr_min=ptrs);
+      return *ptr_min;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to the maximum pixel value.
+    /**
+     **/
+    T& max() {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "max(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      T *ptr_max = _data;
+      T max_value = *ptr_max;
+      cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) if (*ptrs>max_value) max_value = *(ptr_max=ptrs);
+      return *ptr_max;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to the maximum pixel value \const.
+    const T& max() const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "max(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      const T *ptr_max = _data;
+      T max_value = *ptr_max;
+      cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) if (*ptrs>max_value) max_value = *(ptr_max=ptrs);
+      return *ptr_max;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to the minimum pixel value as well as the maximum pixel value.
+    /**
+       \param[out] max_val Maximum pixel value.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    T& min_max(t& max_val) {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "min_max(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      T *ptr_min = _data;
+      T min_value = *ptr_min, max_value = min_value;
+      cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) {
+        const T val = *ptrs;
+        if (val<min_value) { min_value = val; ptr_min = ptrs; }
+        if (val>max_value) max_value = val;
+      }
+      max_val = (t)max_value;
+      return *ptr_min;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to the minimum pixel value as well as the maximum pixel value \const.
+    template<typename t>
+    const T& min_max(t& max_val) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "min_max(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      const T *ptr_min = _data;
+      T min_value = *ptr_min, max_value = min_value;
+      cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) {
+        const T val = *ptrs;
+        if (val<min_value) { min_value = val; ptr_min = ptrs; }
+        if (val>max_value) max_value = val;
+      }
+      max_val = (t)max_value;
+      return *ptr_min;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to the maximum pixel value as well as the minimum pixel value.
+    /**
+       \param[out] min_val Minimum pixel value.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    T& max_min(t& min_val) {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "max_min(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      T *ptr_max = _data;
+      T max_value = *ptr_max, min_value = max_value;
+      cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) {
+        const T val = *ptrs;
+        if (val>max_value) { max_value = val; ptr_max = ptrs; }
+        if (val<min_value) min_value = val;
+      }
+      min_val = (t)min_value;
+      return *ptr_max;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to the maximum pixel value as well as the minimum pixel value \const.
+    template<typename t>
+    const T& max_min(t& min_val) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "max_min(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      const T *ptr_max = _data;
+      T max_value = *ptr_max, min_value = max_value;
+      cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) {
+        const T val = *ptrs;
+        if (val>max_value) { max_value = val; ptr_max = ptrs; }
+        if (val<min_value) min_value = val;
+      }
+      min_val = (t)min_value;
+      return *ptr_max;
+    }
+
+    //! Return the kth smallest pixel value.
+    /**
+       \param k Rank of the search smallest element.
+    **/
+    T kth_smallest(const unsigned int k) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "kth_smallest(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      CImg<T> arr(*this);
+      unsigned int l = 0, ir = size() - 1;
+      for (;;) {
+        if (ir<=l+1) {
+          if (ir==l+1 && arr[ir]<arr[l]) cimg::swap(arr[l],arr[ir]);
+          return arr[k];
+        } else {
+          const unsigned int mid = (l + ir)>>1;
+          cimg::swap(arr[mid],arr[l+1]);
+          if (arr[l]>arr[ir]) cimg::swap(arr[l],arr[ir]);
+          if (arr[l+1]>arr[ir]) cimg::swap(arr[l+1],arr[ir]);
+          if (arr[l]>arr[l+1]) cimg::swap(arr[l],arr[l+1]);
+          unsigned int i = l + 1, j = ir;
+          const T pivot = arr[l+1];
+          for (;;) {
+            do ++i; while (arr[i]<pivot);
+            do --j; while (arr[j]>pivot);
+            if (j<i) break;
+            cimg::swap(arr[i],arr[j]);
+          }
+          arr[l+1] = arr[j];
+          arr[j] = pivot;
+          if (j>=k) ir = j - 1;
+          if (j<=k) l = i;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    //! Return the median pixel value.
+    /**
+     **/
+    T median() const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "median(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      const unsigned int s = size();
+      const T res = kth_smallest(s>>1);
+      return (s%2)?res:((res+kth_smallest((s>>1)-1))/2);
+    }
+
+    //! Return the sum of all the pixel values.
+    /**
+     **/
+    Tdouble sum() const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "sum(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      Tdouble res = 0;
+      cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) res+=(Tdouble)*ptrs;
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Return the average pixel value.
+    /**
+     **/
+    Tdouble mean() const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "mean(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      Tdouble res = 0;
+      cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) res+=(Tdouble)*ptrs;
+      return res/size();
+    }
+
+    //! Return the variance of the pixel values.
+    /**
+       \param variance_method Method used to estimate the variance. Can be:
+       - \c 0: Second moment, computed as
+       \f$1/N \sum\limits_{k=1}^{N} (x_k - \bar x)^2 =
+       1/N \left( \sum\limits_{k=1}^N x_k^2 - \left( \sum\limits_{k=1}^N x_k \right)^2 / N \right)\f$
+       with \f$ \bar x = 1/N \sum\limits_{k=1}^N x_k \f$.
+       - \c 1: Best unbiased estimator, computed as \f$\frac{1}{N-1} \sum\limits_{k=1}^{N} (x_k - \bar x)^2 \f$.
+       - \c 2: Least median of squares.
+       - \c 3: Least trimmed of squares.
+    **/
+    Tdouble variance(const unsigned int variance_method=1) const {
+      Tdouble foo;
+      return variance_mean(variance_method,foo);
+    }
+
+    //! Return the variance as well as the average of the pixel values.
+    /**
+       \param variance_method Method used to estimate the variance (see variance(const unsigned int) const).
+       \param[out] mean Average pixel value.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    Tdouble variance_mean(const unsigned int variance_method, t& mean) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "variance_mean(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      Tdouble variance = 0, average = 0;
+      const unsigned long siz = size();
+      switch (variance_method) {
+      case 0 :{ // Least mean square (standard definition)
+        Tdouble S = 0, S2 = 0;
+        cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) { const Tdouble val = (Tdouble)*ptrs; S+=val; S2+=val*val; }
+        variance = (S2 - S*S/siz)/siz;
+        average = S;
+      } break;
+      case 1 : { // Least mean square (robust definition)
+        Tdouble S = 0, S2 = 0;
+        cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) { const Tdouble val = (Tdouble)*ptrs; S+=val; S2+=val*val; }
+        variance = siz>1?(S2 - S*S/siz)/(siz - 1):0;
+        average = S;
+      } break;
+      case 2 : { // Least Median of Squares (MAD)
+        CImg<Tfloat> buf(*this,false);
+        buf.sort();
+        const unsigned long siz2 = siz>>1;
+        const Tdouble med_i = (double)buf[siz2];
+        cimg_for(buf,ptrs,Tfloat) {
+          const Tdouble val = (Tdouble)*ptrs; *ptrs = (Tfloat)cimg::abs(val - med_i); average+=val;
+        }
+        buf.sort();
+        const Tdouble sig = (Tdouble)(1.4828*buf[siz2]);
+        variance = sig*sig;
+      } break;
+      default : { // Least trimmed of Squares
+        CImg<Tfloat> buf(*this,false);
+        const unsigned long siz2 = siz>>1;
+        cimg_for(buf,ptrs,Tfloat) {
+          const Tdouble val = (Tdouble)*ptrs; (*ptrs)=(Tfloat)((*ptrs)*val); average+=val;
+        }
+        buf.sort();
+        Tdouble a = 0;
+        const Tfloat *ptrs = buf._data;
+        for (unsigned long j = 0; j<siz2; ++j) a+=(Tdouble)*(ptrs++);
+        const Tdouble sig = (Tdouble)(2.6477*std::sqrt(a/siz2));
+        variance = sig*sig;
+      }
+      }
+      mean = (t)(average/siz);
+      return variance>0?variance:0;
+    }
+
+    //! Return estimated variance of the noise.
+    /**
+       \param variance_method Method used to compute the variance (see variance(const unsigned int) const).
+       \note Because of structures such as edges in images it is
+       recommanded to use a robust variance estimation. The variance of the
+       noise is estimated by computing the variance of the Laplacian \f$(\Delta
+       I)^2 \f$ scaled by a factor \f$c\f$ insuring \f$ c E[(\Delta I)^2]=
+       \sigma^2\f$ where \f$\sigma\f$ is the noise variance.
+    **/
+    Tdouble variance_noise(const unsigned int variance_method=2) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "variance_noise(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      const unsigned long siz = size();
+      if (!siz || !_data) return 0;
+      if (variance_method>1) { // Compute a scaled version of the Laplacian.
+        CImg<Tdouble> tmp(*this);
+        if (_depth==1) {
+          const Tdouble cste = 1.0/std::sqrt(20.0); // Depends on how the Laplacian is computed.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height>=262144 && _spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            CImg_3x3(I,T);
+            cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,T) {
+              tmp(x,y,c) = cste*((Tdouble)Inc + (Tdouble)Ipc + (Tdouble)Icn +
+                                 (Tdouble)Icp - 4*(Tdouble)Icc);
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          const Tdouble cste = 1.0/std::sqrt(42.0); // Depends on how the Laplacian is computed.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=262144 && _spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            CImg_3x3x3(I,T);
+            cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,T) {
+              tmp(x,y,z,c) = cste*(
+                                   (Tdouble)Incc + (Tdouble)Ipcc + (Tdouble)Icnc + (Tdouble)Icpc +
+                                   (Tdouble)Iccn + (Tdouble)Iccp - 6*(Tdouble)Iccc);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        return tmp.variance(variance_method);
+      }
+
+      // Version that doesn't need intermediate images.
+      Tdouble variance = 0, S = 0, S2 = 0;
+      if (_depth==1) {
+        const Tdouble cste = 1.0/std::sqrt(20.0);
+        CImg_3x3(I,T);
+        cimg_forC(*this,c) cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,T) {
+          const Tdouble val = cste*((Tdouble)Inc + (Tdouble)Ipc +
+                                    (Tdouble)Icn + (Tdouble)Icp - 4*(Tdouble)Icc);
+          S+=val; S2+=val*val;
+        }
+      } else {
+        const Tdouble cste = 1.0/std::sqrt(42.0);
+        CImg_3x3x3(I,T);
+        cimg_forC(*this,c) cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,T) {
+          const Tdouble val = cste *
+            ((Tdouble)Incc + (Tdouble)Ipcc + (Tdouble)Icnc +
+             (Tdouble)Icpc +
+             (Tdouble)Iccn + (Tdouble)Iccp - 6*(Tdouble)Iccc);
+          S+=val; S2+=val*val;
+        }
+      }
+      if (variance_method) variance = siz>1?(S2 - S*S/siz)/(siz - 1):0;
+      else variance = (S2 - S*S/siz)/siz;
+      return variance>0?variance:0;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the MSE (Mean-Squared Error) between two images.
+    /**
+       \param img Image used as the second argument of the MSE operator.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    Tdouble MSE(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      if (img.size()!=size())
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "MSE(): Instance and specified image (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have different dimensions.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum,img._data);
+      Tdouble vMSE = 0;
+      const t* ptr2 = img._data;
+      cimg_for(*this,ptr1,T) {
+        const Tdouble diff = (Tdouble)*ptr1 - (Tdouble)*(ptr2++);
+        vMSE+=diff*diff;
+      }
+      const unsigned long siz = img.size();
+      if (siz) vMSE/=siz;
+      return vMSE;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) between two images.
+    /**
+       \param img Image used as the second argument of the PSNR operator.
+       \param max_value Maximum theoretical value of the signal.
+     **/
+    template<typename t>
+    Tdouble PSNR(const CImg<t>& img, const Tdouble max_value=255) const {
+      const Tdouble vMSE = (Tdouble)std::sqrt(MSE(img));
+      return (vMSE!=0)?(Tdouble)(20*std::log10(max_value/vMSE)):(Tdouble)(cimg::type<Tdouble>::max());
+    }
+
+    //! Evaluate math formula.
+    /**
+       \param expression Math formula, as a C-string.
+       \param x Value of the pre-defined variable \c x.
+       \param y Value of the pre-defined variable \c y.
+       \param z Value of the pre-defined variable \c z.
+       \param c Value of the pre-defined variable \c c.
+    **/
+    double eval(const char *const expression,
+                const double x=0, const double y=0, const double z=0, const double c=0) const {
+      if (!expression) return 0;
+      return _cimg_math_parser(*this,expression,"eval")(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Evaluate math formula on a set of variables.
+    /**
+       \param expression Math formula, as a C-string.
+       \param xyzc Set of values (x,y,z,c) used for the evaluation.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<doubleT> eval(const char *const expression, const CImg<t>& xyzc) const {
+      CImg<doubleT> res(1,xyzc.size()/4);
+      if (!expression) return res.fill(0);
+      _cimg_math_parser mp(*this,expression,"eval");
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel if (res._height>=512 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
+      {
+        _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
+#pragma omp for
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i<res._height; ++i) {
+          const unsigned int i4 = 4*i;
+          const double x = (double)xyzc[i4], y = (double)xyzc[i4+1], z = (double)xyzc[i4+2], c = (double)xyzc[i4+3];
+          res[i] = lmp(x,y,z,c);
+        }
+      }
+#else
+      const t *ps = xyzc._data;
+      cimg_for(res,pd,double) {
+        const double x = (double)*(ps++), y = (double)*(ps++), z = (double)*(ps++), c = (double)*(ps++);
+        *pd = mp(x,y,z,c);
+      }
+#endif
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute statistics vector from the pixel values.
+    /*
+       \param variance_method Method used to compute the variance (see variance(const unsigned int) const).
+       \return Statistics vector as <tt>[min; max; mean; variance; xmin; ymin; zmin; cmin; xmax; ymax; zmax; cmax]</tt>.
+    **/
+    CImg<Tdouble> get_stats(const unsigned int variance_method=1) const {
+      if (is_empty()) return CImg<doubleT>();
+      const unsigned long siz = size();
+      const T *const odata = _data;
+      const T *pm = odata, *pM = odata;
+      Tdouble S = 0, S2 = 0;
+      T m = *pm, M = m;
+      cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) {
+        const T val = *ptrs;
+        const Tdouble _val = (Tdouble)val;
+        if (val<m) { m = val; pm = ptrs; }
+        if (val>M) { M = val; pM = ptrs; }
+        S+=_val;
+        S2+=_val*_val;
+      }
+      const Tdouble
+        mean_value = S/siz,
+        _variance_value = variance_method==0?(S2 - S*S/siz)/siz:
+        (variance_method==1?(siz>1?(S2 - S*S/siz)/(siz - 1):0):
+         variance(variance_method)),
+        variance_value = _variance_value>0?_variance_value:0;
+      int
+        xm = 0, ym = 0, zm = 0, cm = 0,
+        xM = 0, yM = 0, zM = 0, cM = 0;
+      contains(*pm,xm,ym,zm,cm);
+      contains(*pM,xM,yM,zM,cM);
+      return CImg<Tdouble>(1,12).fill((Tdouble)m,(Tdouble)M,mean_value,variance_value,
+                                      (Tdouble)xm,(Tdouble)ym,(Tdouble)zm,(Tdouble)cm,
+                                      (Tdouble)xM,(Tdouble)yM,(Tdouble)zM,(Tdouble)cM);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute statistics vector from the pixel values \inplace.
+    CImg<T>& stats(const unsigned int variance_method=1) {
+      return get_stats(variance_method).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //-------------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Vector / Matrix Operations
+    //@{
+    //-------------------------------------
+
+    //! Compute norm of the image, viewed as a matrix.
+    /**
+       \param magnitude_type Norm type. Can be:
+       - \c -1: Linf-norm
+       - \c 0: L2-norm
+       - \c 1: L1-norm
+    **/
+    Tdouble magnitude(const int magnitude_type=2) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "magnitude(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      Tdouble res = 0;
+      switch (magnitude_type) {
+      case -1 : {
+        cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) { const Tdouble val = (Tdouble)cimg::abs(*ptrs); if (val>res) res = val; }
+      } break;
+      case 1 : {
+        cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) res+=(Tdouble)cimg::abs(*ptrs);
+      } break;
+      default : {
+        cimg_for(*this,ptrs,T) res+=(Tdouble)cimg::sqr(*ptrs);
+        res = (Tdouble)std::sqrt(res);
+      }
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the trace of the image, viewed as a matrix.
+    /**
+     **/
+    Tdouble trace() const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "trace(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      Tdouble res = 0;
+      cimg_forX(*this,k) res+=(Tdouble)(*this)(k,k);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the determinant of the image, viewed as a matrix.
+    /**
+     **/
+    Tdouble det() const {
+      if (is_empty() || _width!=_height || _depth!=1 || _spectrum!=1)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "det(): Instance is not a square matrix.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      switch (_width) {
+      case 1 : return (Tdouble)((*this)(0,0));
+      case 2 : return (Tdouble)((*this)(0,0))*(Tdouble)((*this)(1,1)) - (Tdouble)((*this)(0,1))*(Tdouble)((*this)(1,0));
+      case 3 : {
+        const Tdouble
+          a = (Tdouble)_data[0], d = (Tdouble)_data[1], g = (Tdouble)_data[2],
+          b = (Tdouble)_data[3], e = (Tdouble)_data[4], h = (Tdouble)_data[5],
+          c = (Tdouble)_data[6], f = (Tdouble)_data[7], i = (Tdouble)_data[8];
+        return i*a*e - a*h*f - i*b*d + b*g*f + c*d*h - c*g*e;
+      }
+      default : {
+        CImg<Tfloat> lu(*this);
+        CImg<uintT> indx;
+        bool d;
+        lu._LU(indx,d);
+        Tdouble res = d?(Tdouble)1:(Tdouble)-1;
+        cimg_forX(lu,i) res*=lu(i,i);
+        return res;
+      }
+      }
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the dot product between instance and argument, viewed as matrices.
+    /**
+       \param img Image used as a second argument of the dot product.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    Tdouble dot(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "dot(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (!img)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "dot(): Empty specified image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      const unsigned int nb = cimg::min(size(),img.size());
+      Tdouble res = 0;
+      for (unsigned int off = 0; off<nb; ++off) res+=(Tdouble)_data[off]*(Tdouble)img[off];
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Get vector-valued pixel located at specified position.
+    /**
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> get_vector_at(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y=0, const unsigned int z=0) const {
+      CImg<T> res;
+      if (res._height!=_spectrum) res.assign(1,_spectrum);
+      const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+      const T *ptrs = data(x,y,z);
+      T *ptrd = res._data;
+      cimg_forC(*this,c) { *(ptrd++) = *ptrs; ptrs+=whd; }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Get (square) matrix-valued pixel located at specified position.
+    /**
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \note - The spectrum() of the image must be a square.
+     **/
+    CImg<T> get_matrix_at(const unsigned int x=0, const unsigned int y=0, const unsigned int z=0) const {
+      const int n = (int)std::sqrt((double)_spectrum);
+      const T *ptrs = data(x,y,z,0);
+      const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+      CImg<T> res(n,n);
+      T *ptrd = res._data;
+      cimg_forC(*this,c) { *(ptrd++) = *ptrs; ptrs+=whd; }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Get tensor-valued pixel located at specified position.
+    /**
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> get_tensor_at(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y=0, const unsigned int z=0) const {
+      const T *ptrs = data(x,y,z,0);
+      const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+      if (_spectrum==6) return tensor(*ptrs,*(ptrs+whd),*(ptrs+2*whd),*(ptrs+3*whd),*(ptrs+4*whd),*(ptrs+5*whd));
+      if (_spectrum==3) return tensor(*ptrs,*(ptrs+whd),*(ptrs+2*whd));
+      return tensor(*ptrs);
+    }
+
+    //! Set vector-valued pixel at specified position.
+    /**
+       \param vec Vector to put on the instance image.
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& set_vector_at(const CImg<t>& vec, const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y=0, const unsigned int z=0) {
+      if (x<_width && y<_height && z<_depth) {
+        const t *ptrs = vec._data;
+        const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+        T *ptrd = data(x,y,z);
+        for (unsigned int k = cimg::min((unsigned int)vec.size(),_spectrum); k; --k) {
+          *ptrd = (T)*(ptrs++); ptrd+=whd;
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Set (square) matrix-valued pixel at specified position.
+    /**
+       \param mat Matrix to put on the instance image.
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& set_matrix_at(const CImg<t>& mat, const unsigned int x=0, const unsigned int y=0, const unsigned int z=0) {
+      return set_vector_at(mat,x,y,z);
+    }
+
+    //! Set tensor-valued pixel at specified position.
+    /**
+       \param ten Tensor to put on the instance image.
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& set_tensor_at(const CImg<t>& ten, const unsigned int x=0, const unsigned int y=0, const unsigned int z=0) {
+      T *ptrd = data(x,y,z,0);
+      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+      if (ten._height==2) {
+        *ptrd = (T)ten[0]; ptrd+=siz;
+        *ptrd = (T)ten[1]; ptrd+=siz;
+        *ptrd = (T)ten[3];
+      }
+      else {
+        *ptrd = (T)ten[0]; ptrd+=siz;
+        *ptrd = (T)ten[1]; ptrd+=siz;
+        *ptrd = (T)ten[2]; ptrd+=siz;
+        *ptrd = (T)ten[4]; ptrd+=siz;
+        *ptrd = (T)ten[5]; ptrd+=siz;
+        *ptrd = (T)ten[8];
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Unroll pixel values along axis \c y.
+    /**
+       \note Equivalent to \code unroll('y'); \endcode.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& vector() {
+      return unroll('y');
+    }
+
+    //! Unroll pixel values along axis \c y \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_vector() const {
+      return get_unroll('y');
+    }
+
+    //! Resize image to become a scalar square matrix.
+    /**
+     **/
+    CImg<T>& matrix() {
+      const unsigned long siz = size();
+      switch (siz) {
+      case 1 : break;
+      case 4 : _width = _height = 2; break;
+      case 9 : _width = _height = 3; break;
+      case 16 : _width = _height = 4; break;
+      case 25 : _width = _height = 5; break;
+      case 36 : _width = _height = 6; break;
+      case 49 : _width = _height = 7; break;
+      case 64 : _width = _height = 8; break;
+      case 81 : _width = _height = 9; break;
+      case 100 : _width = _height = 10; break;
+      default : {
+        unsigned long i = 11, i2 = i*i;
+        while (i2<siz) { i2+=2*i + 1; ++i; }
+        if (i2==siz) _width = _height = i;
+        else throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                         "matrix(): Invalid instance size %u (should be a square integer).",
+                                         cimg_instance,
+                                         siz);
+      }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Resize image to become a scalar square matrix \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_matrix() const {
+      return (+*this).matrix();
+    }
+
+    //! Resize image to become a symmetric tensor.
+    /**
+     **/
+    CImg<T>& tensor() {
+      return get_tensor().move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Resize image to become a symmetric tensor \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_tensor() const {
+      CImg<T> res;
+      const unsigned long siz = size();
+      switch (siz) {
+      case 1 : break;
+      case 3 :
+        res.assign(2,2);
+        res(0,0) = (*this)(0);
+        res(1,0) = res(0,1) = (*this)(1);
+        res(1,1) = (*this)(2);
+        break;
+      case 6 :
+        res.assign(3,3);
+        res(0,0) = (*this)(0);
+        res(1,0) = res(0,1) = (*this)(1);
+        res(2,0) = res(0,2) = (*this)(2);
+        res(1,1) = (*this)(3);
+        res(2,1) = res(1,2) = (*this)(4);
+        res(2,2) = (*this)(5);
+        break;
+      default :
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "tensor(): Invalid instance size (does not define a 1x1, 2x2 or 3x3 tensor).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Resize image to become a diagonal matrix.
+    /**
+       \note Transform the image as a diagonal matrix so that each of its initial value becomes a diagonal coefficient.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& diagonal() {
+      return get_diagonal().move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Resize image to become a diagonal matrix \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_diagonal() const {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      CImg<T> res(size(),size(),1,1,0);
+      cimg_foroff(*this,off) res(off,off) = (*this)(off);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Replace the image by an identity matrix.
+    /**
+       \note If the instance image is not square, it is resized to a square matrix using its maximum
+       dimension as a reference.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& identity_matrix() {
+      return identity_matrix(cimg::max(_width,_height)).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Replace the image by an identity matrix \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_identity_matrix() const {
+      return identity_matrix(cimg::max(_width,_height));
+    }
+
+    //! Fill image with a linear sequence of values.
+    /**
+       \param a0 Starting value of the sequence.
+       \param a1 Ending value of the sequence.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& sequence(const T a0, const T a1) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const unsigned int siz = size() - 1;
+      T* ptr = _data;
+      if (siz) {
+        const Tdouble delta = (Tdouble)a1 - (Tdouble)a0;
+        cimg_foroff(*this,l) *(ptr++) = (T)(a0 + delta*l/siz);
+      } else *ptr = a0;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill image with a linear sequence of values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_sequence(const T a0, const T a1) const {
+      return (+*this).sequence(a0,a1);
+    }
+
+    //! Transpose the image, viewed as a matrix.
+    /**
+       \note Equivalent to \code permute_axes("yxzc"); \endcode
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& transpose() {
+      if (_width==1) { _width = _height; _height = 1; return *this; }
+      if (_height==1) { _height = _width; _width = 1; return *this; }
+      if (_width==_height) {
+        cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) for (int x = y; x<width(); ++x) cimg::swap((*this)(x,y,z,c),(*this)(y,x,z,c));
+        return *this;
+      }
+      return get_transpose().move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Transpose the image, viewed as a matrix \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_transpose() const {
+      return get_permute_axes("yxzc");
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the cross product between two \c 1x3 images, viewed as 3d vectors.
+    /**
+       \param img Image used as the second argument of the cross product.
+       \note The first argument of the cross product is \c *this.
+     **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& cross(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      if (_width!=1 || _height<3 || img._width!=1 || img._height<3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "cross(): Instance and/or specified image (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) are not 3d vectors.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum,img._data);
+
+      const T x = (*this)[0], y = (*this)[1], z = (*this)[2];
+      (*this)[0] = (T)(y*img[2] - z*img[1]);
+      (*this)[1] = (T)(z*img[0] - x*img[2]);
+      (*this)[2] = (T)(x*img[1] - y*img[0]);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the cross product between two \c 1x3 images, viewed as 3d vectors \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<_cimg_Tt> get_cross(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return CImg<_cimg_Tt>(*this).cross(img);
+    }
+
+    //! Invert the instance image, viewed as a matrix.
+    /**
+       \param use_LU Choose the inverting algorithm. Can be:
+       - \c true: LU-based matrix inversion.
+       - \c false: SVD-based matrix inversion.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& invert(const bool use_LU=true) {
+      if (_width!=_height || _depth!=1 || _spectrum!=1)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "invert(): Instance is not a square matrix.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+#ifdef cimg_use_lapack
+      int INFO = (int)use_LU, N = _width, LWORK = 4*N, *const IPIV = new int[N];
+      Tfloat
+        *const lapA = new Tfloat[N*N],
+        *const WORK = new Tfloat[LWORK];
+      cimg_forXY(*this,k,l) lapA[k*N+l] = (Tfloat)((*this)(k,l));
+      cimg::getrf(N,lapA,IPIV,INFO);
+      if (INFO)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "invert(): LAPACK function dgetrf_() returned error code %d.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   INFO);
+      else {
+        cimg::getri(N,lapA,IPIV,WORK,LWORK,INFO);
+        if (INFO)
+          cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                     "invert(): LAPACK function dgetri_() returned error code %d.",
+                     cimg_instance,
+                     INFO);
+      }
+      if (!INFO) cimg_forXY(*this,k,l) (*this)(k,l) = (T)(lapA[k*N+l]); else fill(0);
+      delete[] IPIV; delete[] lapA; delete[] WORK;
+#else
+      const double dete = _width>3?-1.0:det();
+      if (dete!=0.0 && _width==2) {
+        const double
+          a = _data[0], c = _data[1],
+          b = _data[2], d = _data[3];
+        _data[0] = (T)(d/dete); _data[1] = (T)(-c/dete);
+        _data[2] = (T)(-b/dete); _data[3] = (T)(a/dete);
+      } else if (dete!=0.0 && _width==3) {
+        const double
+          a = _data[0], d = _data[1], g = _data[2],
+          b = _data[3], e = _data[4], h = _data[5],
+          c = _data[6], f = _data[7], i = _data[8];
+        _data[0] = (T)((i*e-f*h)/dete), _data[1] = (T)((g*f-i*d)/dete), _data[2] = (T)((d*h-g*e)/dete);
+        _data[3] = (T)((h*c-i*b)/dete), _data[4] = (T)((i*a-c*g)/dete), _data[5] = (T)((g*b-a*h)/dete);
+        _data[6] = (T)((b*f-e*c)/dete), _data[7] = (T)((d*c-a*f)/dete), _data[8] = (T)((a*e-d*b)/dete);
+      } else {
+        if (use_LU) { // LU-based inverse computation
+          CImg<Tfloat> A(*this), indx, col(1,_width);
+          bool d;
+          A._LU(indx,d);
+          cimg_forX(*this,j) {
+            col.fill(0);
+            col(j) = 1;
+            col._solve(A,indx);
+            cimg_forX(*this,i) (*this)(j,i) = (T)col(i);
+          }
+        } else { // SVD-based inverse computation
+          CImg<Tfloat> U(_width,_width), S(1,_width), V(_width,_width);
+          SVD(U,S,V,false);
+          U.transpose();
+          cimg_forY(S,k) if (S[k]!=0) S[k]=1/S[k];
+          S.diagonal();
+          *this = V*S*U;
+        }
+      }
+#endif
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Invert the instance image, viewed as a matrix \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_invert(const bool use_LU=true) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).invert(use_LU);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse of the instance image, viewed as a matrix.
+    /**
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& pseudoinvert() {
+      return get_pseudoinvert().move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse of the instance image, viewed as a matrix \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_pseudoinvert() const {
+      CImg<Tfloat> U, S, V;
+      SVD(U,S,V);
+      const Tfloat tolerance = (sizeof(Tfloat)<=4?5.96e-8f:1.11e-16f)*cimg::max(_width,_height)*S.max();
+      cimg_forX(V,x) {
+	const Tfloat s = S(x), invs = s>tolerance?1/s:(Tfloat)0;
+	cimg_forY(V,y) V(x,y)*=invs;
+      }
+      return V*U.transpose();
+    }
+
+    //! Solve a system of linear equations.
+    /**
+       \param A Matrix of the linear system.
+       \note Solve \c AX=B where \c B=*this.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& solve(const CImg<t>& A) {
+      if (_width!=1 || _depth!=1 || _spectrum!=1 || _height!=A._height || A._depth!=1 || A._spectrum!=1)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "solve(): Instance and specified matrix (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
+                                    "incompatible dimensions.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    A._width,A._height,A._depth,A._spectrum,A._data);
+      typedef _cimg_Ttfloat Ttfloat;
+      if (A._width==A._height) {
+#ifdef cimg_use_lapack
+        char TRANS = 'N';
+        int INFO, N = _height, LWORK = 4*N, *const IPIV = new int[N];
+        Ttfloat
+          *const lapA = new Ttfloat[N*N],
+          *const lapB = new Ttfloat[N],
+          *const WORK = new Ttfloat[LWORK];
+        cimg_forXY(A,k,l) lapA[k*N+l] = (Ttfloat)(A(k,l));
+        cimg_forY(*this,i) lapB[i] = (Ttfloat)((*this)(i));
+        cimg::getrf(N,lapA,IPIV,INFO);
+        if (INFO)
+          cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                     "solve(): LAPACK library function dgetrf_() returned error code %d.",
+                     cimg_instance,
+                     INFO);
+
+        if (!INFO) {
+          cimg::getrs(TRANS,N,lapA,IPIV,lapB,INFO);
+          if (INFO)
+            cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                       "solve(): LAPACK library function dgetrs_() returned error code %d.",
+                       cimg_instance,
+                       INFO);
+        }
+        if (!INFO) cimg_forY(*this,i) (*this)(i) = (T)(lapB[i]); else fill(0);
+        delete[] IPIV; delete[] lapA; delete[] lapB; delete[] WORK;
+#else
+        CImg<Ttfloat> lu(A,false);
+        CImg<Ttfloat> indx;
+        bool d;
+        lu._LU(indx,d);
+        _solve(lu,indx);
+#endif
+      } else { // Least-square solution for non-square systems.
+#ifdef cimg_use_lapack
+	char TRANS = 'N';
+        int INFO, N = A._width, M = A._height, LWORK = -1, LDA = M, LDB = M, NRHS = _width;
+	Ttfloat WORK_QUERY;
+	Ttfloat
+	  * const lapA = new Ttfloat[M*N],
+	  * const lapB = new Ttfloat[M*NRHS];
+	cimg::sgels(TRANS, M, N, NRHS, lapA, LDA, lapB, LDB, &WORK_QUERY, LWORK, INFO);
+	LWORK = (int) WORK_QUERY;
+	Ttfloat *const WORK = new Ttfloat[LWORK];
+        cimg_forXY(A,k,l) lapA[k*M+l] = (Ttfloat)(A(k,l));
+        cimg_forXY(*this,k,l) lapB[k*M+l] = (Ttfloat)((*this)(k,l));
+	cimg::sgels(TRANS, M, N, NRHS, lapA, LDA, lapB, LDB, WORK, LWORK, INFO);
+        if (INFO != 0)
+          cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                     "solve(): LAPACK library function sgels() returned error code %d.",
+                     cimg_instance,
+                     INFO);
+	assign(NRHS, N);
+        if (!INFO != 0)
+          cimg_forXY(*this,k,l) (*this)(k,l) = (T)lapB[k*M+l];
+        else
+          assign(A.get_pseudoinvert()*(*this));
+        delete[] lapA; delete[] lapB; delete[] WORK;
+#else
+	assign(A.get_pseudoinvert()*(*this));
+#endif
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Solve a system of linear equations \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<_cimg_Ttfloat> get_solve(const CImg<t>& A) const {
+      return CImg<_cimg_Ttfloat>(*this,false).solve(A);
+    }
+
+    template<typename t, typename ti>
+    CImg<T>& _solve(const CImg<t>& A, const CImg<ti>& indx) {
+      typedef _cimg_Ttfloat Ttfloat;
+      const int N = size();
+      int ii = -1;
+      Ttfloat sum;
+      for (int i = 0; i<N; ++i) {
+        const int ip = (int)indx[i];
+        Ttfloat sum = (*this)(ip);
+        (*this)(ip) = (*this)(i);
+        if (ii>=0) for (int j = ii; j<=i-1; ++j) sum-=A(j,i)*(*this)(j);
+        else if (sum!=0) ii = i;
+        (*this)(i) = (T)sum;
+      }
+      for (int i = N - 1; i>=0; --i) {
+        sum = (*this)(i);
+        for (int j = i + 1; j<N; ++j) sum-=A(j,i)*(*this)(j);
+        (*this)(i) = (T)(sum/A(i,i));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Solve a tridiagonal system of linear equations.
+    /**
+       \param A Coefficients of the tridiagonal system.
+       A is a tridiagonal matrix A = [ b0,c0,0,...; a1,b1,c1,0,... ; ... ; ...,0,aN,bN ],
+       stored as a 3 columns matrix
+       \note Solve AX=B where \c B=*this, using the Thomas algorithm.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& solve_tridiagonal(const CImg<t>& A) {
+      const unsigned int siz = (int)size();
+      if (A._width!=3 || A._height!=siz)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "solve_tridiagonal(): Instance and tridiagonal matrix "
+                                    "(%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have incompatible dimensions.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    A._width,A._height,A._depth,A._spectrum,A._data);
+      typedef _cimg_Ttfloat Ttfloat;
+      const Ttfloat epsilon = 1e-4f;
+      CImg<Ttfloat> B = A.get_column(1), V(*this,false);
+      for (int i = 1; i<(int)siz; ++i) {
+        const Ttfloat m = A(0,i)/(B[i-1]?B[i-1]:epsilon);
+        B[i] -= m*A(2,i-1);
+        V[i] -= m*V[i-1];
+      }
+      (*this)[siz-1] = (T)(V[siz-1]/(B[siz-1]?B[siz-1]:epsilon));
+      for (int i = (int)siz - 2; i>=0; --i) (*this)[i] = (T)((V[i] - A(2,i)*(*this)[i+1])/(B[i]?B[i]:epsilon));
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Solve a tridiagonal system of linear equations \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<_cimg_Ttfloat> get_solve_tridiagonal(const CImg<t>& A) const {
+      return CImg<_cimg_Ttfloat>(*this,false).solve_tridiagonal(A);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the instance image, viewed as a matrix.
+    /**
+       \param[out] val Vector of the estimated eigenvalues, in decreasing order.
+       \param[out] vec Matrix of the estimated eigenvalues, sorted by columns.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    const CImg<T>& eigen(CImg<t>& val, CImg<t> &vec) const {
+      if (is_empty()) { val.assign(); vec.assign(); }
+      else {
+        if (_width!=_height || _depth>1 || _spectrum>1)
+          throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                      "eigen(): Instance is not a square matrix.",
+                                      cimg_instance);
+
+        if (val.size()<(unsigned long)_width) val.assign(1,_width);
+        if (vec.size()<(unsigned long)_width*_width) vec.assign(_width,_width);
+        switch (_width) {
+        case 1 : { val[0] = (t)(*this)[0]; vec[0] = (t)1; } break;
+        case 2 : {
+          const double a = (*this)[0], b = (*this)[1], c = (*this)[2], d = (*this)[3], e = a + d;
+          double f = e*e - 4*(a*d - b*c);
+          if (f<0)
+            cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                       "eigen(): Complex eigenvalues found.",
+                       cimg_instance);
+
+          f = std::sqrt(f);
+          const double l1 = 0.5*(e-f), l2 = 0.5*(e+f);
+          const double theta1 = std::atan2(l2-a,b), theta2 = std::atan2(l1-a,b);
+          val[0] = (t)l2;
+          val[1] = (t)l1;
+          vec(0,0) = (t)std::cos(theta1);
+          vec(0,1) = (t)std::sin(theta1);
+          vec(1,0) = (t)std::cos(theta2);
+          vec(1,1) = (t)std::sin(theta2);
+        } break;
+        default :
+          throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                      "eigen(): Eigenvalues computation of general matrices is limited "
+                                      "to 2x2 matrices.",
+                                      cimg_instance);
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the instance image, viewed as a matrix.
+    /**
+       \return A list of two images <tt>[val; vec]</tt>, whose meaning is similar as in eigen(CImg<t>&,CImg<t>&) const.
+    **/
+    CImgList<Tfloat> get_eigen() const {
+      CImgList<Tfloat> res(2);
+      eigen(res[0],res[1]);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the instance image, viewed as a symmetric matrix.
+    /**
+       \param[out] val Vector of the estimated eigenvalues, in decreasing order.
+       \param[out] vec Matrix of the estimated eigenvalues, sorted by columns.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    const CImg<T>& symmetric_eigen(CImg<t>& val, CImg<t>& vec) const {
+      if (is_empty()) { val.assign(); vec.assign(); }
+      else {
+#ifdef cimg_use_lapack
+        char JOB = 'V', UPLO = 'U';
+        int N = _width, LWORK = 4*N, INFO;
+        Tfloat
+          *const lapA = new Tfloat[N*N],
+          *const lapW = new Tfloat[N],
+          *const WORK = new Tfloat[LWORK];
+        cimg_forXY(*this,k,l) lapA[k*N+l] = (Tfloat)((*this)(k,l));
+        cimg::syev(JOB,UPLO,N,lapA,lapW,WORK,LWORK,INFO);
+        if (INFO)
+          cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                     "symmetric_eigen(): LAPACK library function dsyev_() returned error code %d.",
+                     cimg_instance,
+                     INFO);
+
+        val.assign(1,N);
+	vec.assign(N,N);
+        if (!INFO) {
+          cimg_forY(val,i) val(i) = (T)lapW[N-1-i];
+          cimg_forXY(vec,k,l) vec(k,l) = (T)(lapA[(N-1-k)*N+l]);
+        } else { val.fill(0); vec.fill(0); }
+        delete[] lapA; delete[] lapW; delete[] WORK;
+#else
+        if (_width!=_height || _depth>1 || _spectrum>1)
+          throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                      "eigen(): Instance is not a square matrix.",
+                                      cimg_instance);
+
+	val.assign(1,_width);
+	if (vec._data) vec.assign(_width,_width);
+        if (_width<3) {
+          eigen(val,vec);
+          if (_width==2) { vec[1] = -vec[2]; vec[3] = vec[0]; } // Force orthogonality for 2x2 matrices.
+          return *this;
+        }
+        CImg<t> V(_width,_width);
+        SVD(vec,val,V,false);
+
+	bool is_ambiguous = false;
+	float eig = 0;
+	cimg_forY(val,p) {       // check for ambiguous cases.
+	  if (val[p]>eig) eig = (float)val[p];
+          t scal = 0;
+          cimg_forY(vec,y) scal+=vec(p,y)*V(p,y);
+          if (cimg::abs(scal)<0.9f) is_ambiguous = true;
+          if (scal<0) val[p] = -val[p];
+        }
+	if (is_ambiguous) {
+	  ++(eig*=2);
+	  SVD(vec,val,V,false,40,eig);
+	  val-=eig;
+	}
+        CImg<intT> permutations;  // sort eigenvalues in decreasing order
+        CImg<t> tmp(_width);
+        val.sort(permutations,false);
+        cimg_forY(vec,k) {
+          cimg_forY(permutations,y) tmp(y) = vec(permutations(y),k);
+          std::memcpy(vec.data(0,k),tmp._data,sizeof(t)*_width);
+        }
+#endif
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the instance image, viewed as a symmetric matrix.
+    /**
+       \return A list of two images <tt>[val; vec]</tt>, whose meaning are similar as in
+         symmetric_eigen(CImg<t>&,CImg<t>&) const.
+    **/
+    CImgList<Tfloat> get_symmetric_eigen() const {
+      CImgList<Tfloat> res(2);
+      symmetric_eigen(res[0],res[1]);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Sort pixel values and get sorting permutations.
+    /**
+       \param[out] permutations Permutation map used for the sorting.
+       \param is_increasing Tells if pixel values are sorted in an increasing (\c true) or decreasing (\c false) way.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& sort(CImg<t>& permutations, const bool is_increasing=true) {
+      permutations.assign(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      cimg_foroff(permutations,off) permutations[off] = (t)off;
+      return _quicksort(0,size()-1,permutations,is_increasing,true);
+    }
+
+    //! Sort pixel values and get sorting permutations \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> get_sort(CImg<t>& permutations, const bool is_increasing=true) const {
+      return (+*this).sort(permutations,is_increasing);
+    }
+
+    //! Sort pixel values.
+    /**
+       \param is_increasing Tells if pixel values are sorted in an increasing (\c true) or decreasing (\c false) way.
+       \param axis Tells if the value sorting must be done along a specific axis. Can be:
+       - \c 0: All pixel values are sorted, independently on their initial position.
+       - \c 'x': Image columns are sorted, according to the first value in each column.
+       - \c 'y': Image rows are sorted, according to the first value in each row.
+       - \c 'z': Image slices are sorted, according to the first value in each slice.
+       - \c 'c': Image channels are sorted, according to the first value in each channel.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& sort(const bool is_increasing=true, const char axis=0) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      CImg<uintT> perm;
+      switch (cimg::uncase(axis)) {
+      case 0 :
+        _quicksort(0,size()-1,perm,is_increasing,false);
+        break;
+      case 'x' : {
+        perm.assign(_width);
+        get_crop(0,0,0,0,_width-1,0,0,0).sort(perm,is_increasing);
+        CImg<T> img(*this,false);
+        cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) (*this)(x,y,z,c) = img(perm[x],y,z,c);
+      } break;
+      case 'y' : {
+        perm.assign(_height);
+        get_crop(0,0,0,0,0,_height-1,0,0).sort(perm,is_increasing);
+        CImg<T> img(*this,false);
+        cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) (*this)(x,y,z,c) = img(x,perm[y],z,c);
+      } break;
+      case 'z' : {
+        perm.assign(_depth);
+        get_crop(0,0,0,0,0,0,_depth-1,0).sort(perm,is_increasing);
+        CImg<T> img(*this,false);
+        cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) (*this)(x,y,z,c) = img(x,y,perm[z],c);
+      } break;
+      case 'c' : {
+        perm.assign(_spectrum);
+        get_crop(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,_spectrum-1).sort(perm,is_increasing);
+        CImg<T> img(*this,false);
+        cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) (*this)(x,y,z,c) = img(x,y,z,perm[c]);
+      } break;
+      default :
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "sort(): Invalid specified axis '%c' "
+                                    "(should be { x | y | z | c }).",
+                                    cimg_instance,axis);
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Sort pixel values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_sort(const bool is_increasing=true, const char axis=0) const {
+      return (+*this).sort(is_increasing,axis);
+    }
+
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& _quicksort(const int indm, const int indM, CImg<t>& permutations,
+                        const bool is_increasing, const bool is_permutations) {
+      if (indm<indM) {
+        const int mid = (indm + indM)/2;
+        if (is_increasing) {
+          if ((*this)[indm]>(*this)[mid]) {
+            cimg::swap((*this)[indm],(*this)[mid]);
+            if (is_permutations) cimg::swap(permutations[indm],permutations[mid]);
+          }
+          if ((*this)[mid]>(*this)[indM]) {
+            cimg::swap((*this)[indM],(*this)[mid]);
+            if (is_permutations) cimg::swap(permutations[indM],permutations[mid]);
+          }
+          if ((*this)[indm]>(*this)[mid]) {
+            cimg::swap((*this)[indm],(*this)[mid]);
+            if (is_permutations) cimg::swap(permutations[indm],permutations[mid]);
+          }
+        } else {
+          if ((*this)[indm]<(*this)[mid]) {
+            cimg::swap((*this)[indm],(*this)[mid]);
+            if (is_permutations) cimg::swap(permutations[indm],permutations[mid]);
+          }
+          if ((*this)[mid]<(*this)[indM]) {
+            cimg::swap((*this)[indM],(*this)[mid]);
+            if (is_permutations) cimg::swap(permutations[indM],permutations[mid]);
+          }
+          if ((*this)[indm]<(*this)[mid]) {
+            cimg::swap((*this)[indm],(*this)[mid]);
+            if (is_permutations) cimg::swap(permutations[indm],permutations[mid]);
+          }
+        }
+        if (indM - indm>=3) {
+          const T pivot = (*this)[mid];
+          int i = indm, j = indM;
+          if (is_increasing) {
+            do {
+              while ((*this)[i]<pivot) ++i;
+              while ((*this)[j]>pivot) --j;
+              if (i<=j) {
+                if (is_permutations) cimg::swap(permutations[i],permutations[j]);
+                cimg::swap((*this)[i++],(*this)[j--]);
+              }
+            } while (i<=j);
+          } else {
+            do {
+              while ((*this)[i]>pivot) ++i;
+              while ((*this)[j]<pivot) --j;
+              if (i<=j) {
+                if (is_permutations) cimg::swap(permutations[i],permutations[j]);
+                cimg::swap((*this)[i++],(*this)[j--]);
+              }
+            } while (i<=j);
+          }
+          if (indm<j) _quicksort(indm,j,permutations,is_increasing,is_permutations);
+          if (i<indM) _quicksort(i,indM,permutations,is_increasing,is_permutations);
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the SVD of the instance image, viewed as a general matrix.
+    /**
+       Compute the SVD decomposition \c *this=U*S*V' where \c U and \c V are orthogonal matrices
+       and \c S is a diagonal matrix. \c V' denotes the matrix transpose of \c V.
+       \param[out] U First matrix of the SVD product.
+       \param[out] S Coefficients of the second (diagonal) matrix of the SVD product.
+         These coefficients are stored as a vector.
+       \param[out] V Third matrix of the SVD product.
+       \param sorting Tells if the diagonal coefficients are sorted (in decreasing order).
+       \param max_iteration Maximum number of iterations considered for the algorithm convergence.
+       \param lambda Epsilon used for the algorithm convergence.
+       \note The instance matrix can be computed from \c U,\c S and \c V by
+       \code
+       const CImg<> A;  // Input matrix (assumed to contain some values).
+       CImg<> U,S,V;
+       A.SVD(U,S,V)
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    const CImg<T>& SVD(CImg<t>& U, CImg<t>& S, CImg<t>& V, const bool sorting=true,
+                       const unsigned int max_iteration=40, const float lambda=0) const {
+      if (is_empty()) { U.assign(); S.assign(); V.assign(); }
+      else {
+        U = *this;
+	if (lambda!=0) {
+	  const unsigned int delta = cimg::min(U._width,U._height);
+	  for (unsigned int i = 0; i<delta; ++i) U(i,i) = (t)(U(i,i) + lambda);
+	}
+        if (S.size()<_width) S.assign(1,_width);
+        if (V._width<_width || V._height<_height) V.assign(_width,_width);
+        CImg<t> rv1(_width);
+        t anorm = 0, c, f, g = 0, h, s, scale = 0;
+        int l = 0, nm = 0;
+
+        cimg_forX(U,i) {
+          l = i+1; rv1[i] = scale*g; g = s = scale = 0;
+          if (i<height()) {
+            for (int k = i; k<height(); ++k) scale+= cimg::abs(U(i,k));
+            if (scale) {
+              for (int k = i; k<height(); ++k) { U(i,k)/=scale; s+= U(i,k)*U(i,k); }
+              f = U(i,i); g = (t)((f>=0?-1:1)*std::sqrt(s)); h=f*g-s; U(i,i) = f-g;
+              for (int j = l; j<width(); ++j) {
+                s = 0;
+                for (int k=i; k<height(); ++k) s+= U(i,k)*U(j,k);
+                f = s/h;
+                for (int k = i; k<height(); ++k) U(j,k)+= f*U(i,k);
+              }
+              for (int k = i; k<height(); ++k) U(i,k)*= scale;
+            }
+          }
+          S[i]=scale*g;
+
+          g = s = scale = 0;
+          if (i<height() && i!=width()-1) {
+            for (int k = l; k<width(); ++k) scale+=cimg::abs(U(k,i));
+            if (scale) {
+              for (int k = l; k<width(); ++k) { U(k,i)/= scale; s+= U(k,i)*U(k,i); }
+              f = U(l,i); g = (t)((f>=0?-1:1)*std::sqrt(s)); h = f*g-s; U(l,i) = f-g;
+              for (int k = l; k<width(); ++k) rv1[k]=U(k,i)/h;
+              for (int j = l; j<height(); ++j) {
+                s = 0;
+                for (int k = l; k<width(); ++k) s+= U(k,j)*U(k,i);
+                for (int k = l; k<width(); ++k) U(k,j)+= s*rv1[k];
+              }
+              for (int k = l; k<width(); ++k) U(k,i)*= scale;
+            }
+          }
+          anorm = (t)cimg::max((float)anorm,(float)(cimg::abs(S[i])+cimg::abs(rv1[i])));
+        }
+
+        for (int i = width()-1; i>=0; --i) {
+          if (i<width()-1) {
+            if (g) {
+              for (int j = l; j<width(); ++j) V(i,j) =(U(j,i)/U(l,i))/g;
+              for (int j = l; j<width(); ++j) {
+                s = 0;
+                for (int k = l; k<width(); ++k) s+= U(k,i)*V(j,k);
+                for (int k = l; k<width(); ++k) V(j,k)+= s*V(i,k);
+              }
+            }
+            for (int j = l; j<width(); ++j) V(j,i) = V(i,j) = (t)0.0;
+          }
+          V(i,i) = (t)1.0; g = rv1[i]; l = i;
+        }
+
+        for (int i = cimg::min(width(),height())-1; i>=0; --i) {
+          l = i+1; g = S[i];
+          for (int j = l; j<width(); ++j) U(j,i) = 0;
+          if (g) {
+            g = 1/g;
+            for (int j = l; j<width(); ++j) {
+              s = 0; for (int k = l; k<height(); ++k) s+= U(i,k)*U(j,k);
+              f = (s/U(i,i))*g;
+              for (int k = i; k<height(); ++k) U(j,k)+= f*U(i,k);
+            }
+            for (int j = i; j<height(); ++j) U(i,j)*= g;
+          } else for (int j = i; j<height(); ++j) U(i,j) = 0;
+          ++U(i,i);
+        }
+
+        for (int k = width()-1; k>=0; --k) {
+          for (unsigned int its = 0; its<max_iteration; ++its) {
+            bool flag = true;
+            for (l = k; l>=1; --l) {
+              nm = l-1;
+              if ((cimg::abs(rv1[l])+anorm)==anorm) { flag = false; break; }
+              if ((cimg::abs(S[nm])+anorm)==anorm) break;
+            }
+            if (flag) {
+              c = 0; s = 1;
+              for (int i = l; i<=k; ++i) {
+                f = s*rv1[i]; rv1[i] = c*rv1[i];
+                if ((cimg::abs(f)+anorm)==anorm) break;
+                g = S[i]; h = (t)cimg::_pythagore(f,g); S[i] = h; h = 1/h; c = g*h; s = -f*h;
+                cimg_forY(U,j) { const t y = U(nm,j), z = U(i,j); U(nm,j) = y*c + z*s; U(i,j) = z*c - y*s; }
+              }
+            }
+
+            const t z = S[k];
+            if (l==k) { if (z<0) { S[k] = -z; cimg_forX(U,j) V(k,j) = -V(k,j); } break; }
+            nm = k-1;
+            t x = S[l], y = S[nm];
+            g = rv1[nm]; h = rv1[k];
+            f = ((y-z)*(y+z)+(g-h)*(g+h))/cimg::max((t)1e-25,2*h*y);
+            g = (t)cimg::_pythagore(f,1.0);
+            f = ((x-z)*(x+z)+h*((y/(f + (f>=0?g:-g)))-h))/cimg::max((t)1e-25,x);
+            c = s = 1;
+            for (int j = l; j<=nm; ++j) {
+              const int i = j+1;
+              g = rv1[i]; h = s*g; g = c*g;
+              t y = S[i];
+              t z = (t)cimg::_pythagore(f,h);
+              rv1[j] = z; c = f/cimg::max((t)1e-25,z); s = h/cimg::max((t)1e-25,z);
+              f = x*c+g*s; g = g*c-x*s; h = y*s; y*=c;
+              cimg_forX(U,jj) { const t x = V(j,jj), z = V(i,jj); V(j,jj) = x*c + z*s; V(i,jj) = z*c - x*s; }
+              z = (t)cimg::_pythagore(f,h); S[j] = z;
+              if (z) { z = 1/cimg::max((t)1e-25,z); c = f*z; s = h*z; }
+              f = c*g+s*y; x = c*y-s*g;
+              cimg_forY(U,jj) { const t y = U(j,jj); z = U(i,jj); U(j,jj) = y*c + z*s; U(i,jj) = z*c - y*s; }
+            }
+            rv1[l] = 0; rv1[k]=f; S[k]=x;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (sorting) {
+          CImg<intT> permutations;
+          CImg<t> tmp(_width);
+          S.sort(permutations,false);
+          cimg_forY(U,k) {
+            cimg_forY(permutations,y) tmp(y) = U(permutations(y),k);
+            std::memcpy(U.data(0,k),tmp._data,sizeof(t)*_width);
+          }
+          cimg_forY(V,k) {
+            cimg_forY(permutations,y) tmp(y) = V(permutations(y),k);
+            std::memcpy(V.data(0,k),tmp._data,sizeof(t)*_width);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the SVD of the instance image, viewed as a general matrix.
+    /**
+       \return A list of three images <tt>[U; S; V]</tt>, whose meaning is similar as in
+         SVD(CImg<t>&,CImg<t>&,CImg<t>&,bool,unsigned int,float) const.
+    **/
+    CImgList<Tfloat> get_SVD(const bool sorting=true,
+                             const unsigned int max_iteration=40, const float lambda=0) const {
+      CImgList<Tfloat> res(3);
+      SVD(res[0],res[1],res[2],sorting,max_iteration,lambda);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    // [internal] Compute the LU decomposition of a permuted matrix.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& _LU(CImg<t>& indx, bool& d) {
+      const int N = width();
+      int imax = 0;
+      CImg<Tfloat> vv(N);
+      indx.assign(N);
+      d = true;
+      cimg_forX(*this,i) {
+        Tfloat vmax = 0;
+        cimg_forX(*this,j) {
+          const Tfloat tmp = cimg::abs((*this)(j,i));
+          if (tmp>vmax) vmax = tmp;
+        }
+        if (vmax==0) { indx.fill(0); return fill(0); }
+        vv[i] = 1/vmax;
+      }
+      cimg_forX(*this,j) {
+        for (int i = 0; i<j; ++i) {
+          Tfloat sum=(*this)(j,i);
+          for (int k = 0; k<i; ++k) sum-=(*this)(k,i)*(*this)(j,k);
+          (*this)(j,i) = (T)sum;
+        }
+        Tfloat vmax = 0;
+        for (int i = j; i<width(); ++i) {
+          Tfloat sum=(*this)(j,i);
+          for (int k = 0; k<j; ++k) sum-=(*this)(k,i)*(*this)(j,k);
+          (*this)(j,i) = (T)sum;
+          const Tfloat tmp = vv[i]*cimg::abs(sum);
+          if (tmp>=vmax) { vmax=tmp; imax=i; }
+        }
+        if (j!=imax) {
+          cimg_forX(*this,k) cimg::swap((*this)(k,imax),(*this)(k,j));
+          d =!d;
+          vv[imax] = vv[j];
+        }
+        indx[j] = (t)imax;
+        if ((*this)(j,j)==0) (*this)(j,j) = (T)1e-20;
+        if (j<N) {
+          const Tfloat tmp = 1/(Tfloat)(*this)(j,j);
+          for (int i=j+1; i<N; ++i) (*this)(j,i) = (T)((*this)(j,i)*tmp);
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute minimal path in a graph, using the Dijkstra algorithm.
+    /**
+       \param distance An object having operator()(unsigned int i, unsigned int j) which returns distance
+         between two nodes (i,j).
+       \param nb_nodes Number of graph nodes.
+       \param starting_node Indice of the starting node.
+       \param ending_node Indice of the ending node (set to ~0U to ignore ending node).
+       \param previous_node Array that gives the previous node indice in the path to the starting node
+         (optional parameter).
+       \return Array of distances of each node to the starting node.
+    **/
+    template<typename tf, typename t>
+    static CImg<T> dijkstra(const tf& distance, const unsigned int nb_nodes,
+                            const unsigned int starting_node, const unsigned int ending_node,
+                            CImg<t>& previous_node) {
+      if (starting_node>=nb_nodes)
+        throw CImgArgumentException("CImg<%s>::dijkstra(): Specified indice of starting node %u is higher "
+                                    "than number of nodes %u.",
+                                    pixel_type(),starting_node,nb_nodes);
+      CImg<T> dist(1,nb_nodes,1,1,cimg::type<T>::max());
+      dist(starting_node) = 0;
+      previous_node.assign(1,nb_nodes,1,1,(t)-1);
+      previous_node(starting_node) = (t)starting_node;
+      CImg<uintT> Q(nb_nodes);
+      cimg_forX(Q,u) Q(u) = u;
+      cimg::swap(Q(starting_node),Q(0));
+      unsigned int sizeQ = nb_nodes;
+      while (sizeQ) {
+        // Update neighbors from minimal vertex
+        const unsigned int umin = Q(0);
+        if (umin==ending_node) sizeQ = 0;
+        else {
+          const T dmin = dist(umin);
+          const T infty = cimg::type<T>::max();
+          for (unsigned int q = 1; q<sizeQ; ++q) {
+            const unsigned int v = Q(q);
+            const T d = (T)distance(v,umin);
+            if (d<infty) {
+              const T alt = dmin + d;
+              if (alt<dist(v)) {
+                dist(v) = alt;
+                previous_node(v) = (t)umin;
+                const T distpos = dist(Q(q));
+                for (unsigned int pos = q, par = 0; pos && distpos<dist(Q(par=(pos+1)/2-1)); pos=par)
+                  cimg::swap(Q(pos),Q(par));
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          // Remove minimal vertex from queue
+          Q(0) = Q(--sizeQ);
+          const T distpos = dist(Q(0));
+          for (unsigned int pos = 0, left = 0, right = 0;
+               ((right=2*(pos+1),(left=right-1))<sizeQ && distpos>dist(Q(left))) ||
+                 (right<sizeQ && distpos>dist(Q(right)));) {
+            if (right<sizeQ) {
+              if (dist(Q(left))<dist(Q(right))) { cimg::swap(Q(pos),Q(left)); pos = left; }
+              else { cimg::swap(Q(pos),Q(right)); pos = right; }
+            } else { cimg::swap(Q(pos),Q(left)); pos = left; }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return dist;
+    }
+
+    //! Return minimal path in a graph, using the Dijkstra algorithm.
+    template<typename tf, typename t>
+    static CImg<T> dijkstra(const tf& distance, const unsigned int nb_nodes,
+                            const unsigned int starting_node, const unsigned int ending_node=~0U) {
+      CImg<uintT> foo;
+      return dijkstra(distance,nb_nodes,starting_node,ending_node,foo);
+    }
+
+    //! Return minimal path in a graph, using the Dijkstra algorithm.
+    /**
+       \param starting_node Indice of the starting node.
+       \param ending_node Indice of the ending node.
+       \param previous_node Array that gives the previous node indice in the path to the starting node
+         (optional parameter).
+       \return Array of distances of each node to the starting node.
+       \note image instance corresponds to the adjacency matrix of the graph.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& dijkstra(const unsigned int starting_node, const unsigned int ending_node,
+                      CImg<t>& previous_node) {
+      return get_dijkstra(starting_node,ending_node,previous_node).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Return minimal path in a graph, using the Dijkstra algorithm \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> get_dijkstra(const unsigned int starting_node, const unsigned int ending_node,
+                         CImg<t>& previous_node) const {
+      if (_width!=_height || _depth!=1 || _spectrum!=1)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "dijkstra(): Instance is not a graph adjacency matrix.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      return dijkstra(*this,_width,starting_node,ending_node,previous_node);
+    }
+
+    //! Return minimal path in a graph, using the Dijkstra algorithm.
+    CImg<T>& dijkstra(const unsigned int starting_node, const unsigned int ending_node=~0U) {
+      return get_dijkstra(starting_node,ending_node).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Return minimal path in a graph, using the Dijkstra algorithm \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_dijkstra(const unsigned int starting_node, const unsigned int ending_node=~0U) const {
+      CImg<uintT> foo;
+      return get_dijkstra(starting_node,ending_node,foo);
+    }
+
+    //! Return an image containing the ascii codes of the specified  string.
+    /**
+       \param str input C-string to encode as an image.
+       \param is_last_zero Tells if the ending \c '0' character appear in the resulting image.
+    **/
+    static CImg<T> string(const char *const str, const bool is_last_zero=true, const bool is_shared=false) {
+      if (!str) return CImg<T>();
+      return CImg<T>(str,(unsigned int)std::strlen(str)+(is_last_zero?1:0),1,1,1,is_shared);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a \c 1x1 image containing specified value.
+    /**
+       \param a0 First vector value.
+    **/
+    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0) {
+      CImg<T> r(1,1);
+      r[0] = a0;
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a \c 1x2 image containing specified values.
+    /**
+       \param a0 First vector value.
+       \param a1 Second vector value.
+    **/
+    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1) {
+      CImg<T> r(1,2); T *ptr = r._data;
+      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1;
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a \c 1x3 image containing specified values.
+    /**
+       \param a0 First vector value.
+       \param a1 Second vector value.
+       \param a2 Third vector value.
+    **/
+    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2) {
+      CImg<T> r(1,3); T *ptr = r._data;
+      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2;
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a \c 1x4 image containing specified values.
+    /**
+       \param a0 First vector value.
+       \param a1 Second vector value.
+       \param a2 Third vector value.
+       \param a3 Fourth vector value.
+    **/
+    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3) {
+      CImg<T> r(1,4); T *ptr = r._data;
+      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a \c 1x5 image containing specified values.
+    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3, const T& a4) {
+      CImg<T> r(1,5); T *ptr = r._data;
+      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3; *(ptr++) = a4;
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a \c 1x6 image containing specified values.
+    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3, const T& a4, const T& a5) {
+      CImg<T> r(1,6); T *ptr = r._data;
+      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3; *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5;
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a \c 1x7 image containing specified values.
+    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3,
+			  const T& a4, const T& a5, const T& a6) {
+      CImg<T> r(1,7); T *ptr = r._data;
+      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
+      *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6;
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a \c 1x8 image containing specified values.
+    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3,
+			  const T& a4, const T& a5, const T& a6, const T& a7) {
+      CImg<T> r(1,8); T *ptr = r._data;
+      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
+      *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7;
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a \c 1x9 image containing specified values.
+    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3,
+			  const T& a4, const T& a5, const T& a6, const T& a7,
+			  const T& a8) {
+      CImg<T> r(1,9); T *ptr = r._data;
+      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
+      *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7;
+      *(ptr++) = a8;
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a \c 1x10 image containing specified values.
+    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3,
+                          const T& a4, const T& a5, const T& a6, const T& a7,
+                          const T& a8, const T& a9) {
+      CImg<T> r(1,10); T *ptr = r._data;
+      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
+      *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7;
+      *(ptr++) = a8; *(ptr++) = a9;
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a \c 1x11 image containing specified values.
+    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3,
+                          const T& a4, const T& a5, const T& a6, const T& a7,
+                          const T& a8, const T& a9, const T& a10) {
+      CImg<T> r(1,11); T *ptr = r._data;
+      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
+      *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7;
+      *(ptr++) = a8; *(ptr++) = a9; *(ptr++) = a10;
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a \c 1x12 image containing specified values.
+    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3,
+                          const T& a4, const T& a5, const T& a6, const T& a7,
+                          const T& a8, const T& a9, const T& a10, const T& a11) {
+      CImg<T> r(1,12); T *ptr = r._data;
+      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
+      *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7;
+      *(ptr++) = a8; *(ptr++) = a9; *(ptr++) = a10; *(ptr++) = a11;
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a \c 1x13 image containing specified values.
+    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3,
+                          const T& a4, const T& a5, const T& a6, const T& a7,
+                          const T& a8, const T& a9, const T& a10, const T& a11,
+			  const T& a12) {
+      CImg<T> r(1,13); T *ptr = r._data;
+      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
+      *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7;
+      *(ptr++) = a8; *(ptr++) = a9; *(ptr++) = a10; *(ptr++) = a11;
+      *(ptr++) = a12;
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a \c 1x14 image containing specified values.
+    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3,
+                          const T& a4, const T& a5, const T& a6, const T& a7,
+                          const T& a8, const T& a9, const T& a10, const T& a11,
+			  const T& a12, const T& a13) {
+      CImg<T> r(1,14); T *ptr = r._data;
+      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
+      *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7;
+      *(ptr++) = a8; *(ptr++) = a9; *(ptr++) = a10; *(ptr++) = a11;
+      *(ptr++) = a12; *(ptr++) = a13;
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a \c 1x15 image containing specified values.
+    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3,
+                          const T& a4, const T& a5, const T& a6, const T& a7,
+                          const T& a8, const T& a9, const T& a10, const T& a11,
+			  const T& a12, const T& a13, const T& a14) {
+      CImg<T> r(1,15); T *ptr = r._data;
+      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
+      *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7;
+      *(ptr++) = a8; *(ptr++) = a9; *(ptr++) = a10; *(ptr++) = a11;
+      *(ptr++) = a12; *(ptr++) = a13; *(ptr++) = a14;
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a \c 1x16 image containing specified values.
+    static CImg<T> vector(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3,
+                          const T& a4, const T& a5, const T& a6, const T& a7,
+                          const T& a8, const T& a9, const T& a10, const T& a11,
+			  const T& a12, const T& a13, const T& a14, const T& a15) {
+      CImg<T> r(1,16); T *ptr = r._data;
+      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
+      *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7;
+      *(ptr++) = a8; *(ptr++) = a9; *(ptr++) = a10; *(ptr++) = a11;
+      *(ptr++) = a12; *(ptr++) = a13; *(ptr++) = a14; *(ptr++) = a15;
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a 1x1 matrix containing specified coefficients.
+    /**
+       \param a0 First matrix value.
+       \note Equivalent to vector(const T&).
+    **/
+    static CImg<T> matrix(const T& a0) {
+      return vector(a0);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a 2x2 matrix containing specified coefficients.
+    /**
+       \param a0 First matrix value.
+       \param a1 Second matrix value.
+       \param a2 Third matrix value.
+       \param a3 Fourth matrix value.
+    **/
+    static CImg<T> matrix(const T& a0, const T& a1,
+			  const T& a2, const T& a3) {
+      CImg<T> r(2,2); T *ptr = r._data;
+      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1;
+      *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a 3x3 matrix containing specified coefficients.
+    /**
+       \param a0 First matrix value.
+       \param a1 Second matrix value.
+       \param a2 Third matrix value.
+       \param a3 Fourth matrix value.
+       \param a4 Fifth matrix value.
+       \param a5 Sixth matrix value.
+       \param a6 Seventh matrix value.
+       \param a7 Eighth matrix value.
+       \param a8 Nineth matrix value.
+    **/
+    static CImg<T> matrix(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2,
+			  const T& a3, const T& a4, const T& a5,
+			  const T& a6, const T& a7, const T& a8) {
+      CImg<T> r(3,3); T *ptr = r._data;
+      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2;
+      *(ptr++) = a3; *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5;
+      *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7; *(ptr++) = a8;
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a 4x4 matrix containing specified coefficients.
+    static CImg<T> matrix(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3,
+			  const T& a4, const T& a5, const T& a6, const T& a7,
+			  const T& a8, const T& a9, const T& a10, const T& a11,
+			  const T& a12, const T& a13, const T& a14, const T& a15) {
+      CImg<T> r(4,4); T *ptr = r._data;
+      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3;
+      *(ptr++) = a4; *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7;
+      *(ptr++) = a8; *(ptr++) = a9; *(ptr++) = a10; *(ptr++) = a11;
+      *(ptr++) = a12; *(ptr++) = a13; *(ptr++) = a14; *(ptr++) = a15;
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a 5x5 matrix containing specified coefficients.
+    static CImg<T> matrix(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3, const T& a4,
+                          const T& a5, const T& a6, const T& a7, const T& a8, const T& a9,
+                          const T& a10, const T& a11, const T& a12, const T& a13, const T& a14,
+                          const T& a15, const T& a16, const T& a17, const T& a18, const T& a19,
+                          const T& a20, const T& a21, const T& a22, const T& a23, const T& a24) {
+      CImg<T> r(5,5); T *ptr = r._data;
+      *(ptr++) = a0; *(ptr++) = a1; *(ptr++) = a2; *(ptr++) = a3; *(ptr++) = a4;
+      *(ptr++) = a5; *(ptr++) = a6; *(ptr++) = a7; *(ptr++) = a8; *(ptr++) = a9;
+      *(ptr++) = a10; *(ptr++) = a11; *(ptr++) = a12; *(ptr++) = a13; *(ptr++) = a14;
+      *(ptr++) = a15; *(ptr++) = a16; *(ptr++) = a17; *(ptr++) = a18; *(ptr++) = a19;
+      *(ptr++) = a20; *(ptr++) = a21; *(ptr++) = a22; *(ptr++) = a23; *(ptr++) = a24;
+      return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a 1x1 symmetric matrix containing specified coefficients.
+    /**
+       \param a0 First matrix value.
+       \note Equivalent to vector(const T&).
+    **/
+    static CImg<T> tensor(const T& a0) {
+      return matrix(a0);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a 2x2 symmetric matrix tensor containing specified coefficients.
+    static CImg<T> tensor(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2) {
+      return matrix(a0,a1,a1,a2);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a 3x3 symmetric matrix containing specified coefficients.
+    static CImg<T> tensor(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3, const T& a4, const T& a5) {
+      return matrix(a0,a1,a2,a1,a3,a4,a2,a4,a5);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a 1x1 diagonal matrix containing specified coefficients.
+    static CImg<T> diagonal(const T& a0) {
+      return matrix(a0);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a 2x2 diagonal matrix containing specified coefficients.
+    static CImg<T> diagonal(const T& a0, const T& a1) {
+      return matrix(a0,0,0,a1);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a 3x3 diagonal matrix containing specified coefficients.
+    static CImg<T> diagonal(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2) {
+      return matrix(a0,0,0,0,a1,0,0,0,a2);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a 4x4 diagonal matrix containing specified coefficients.
+    static CImg<T> diagonal(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3) {
+      return matrix(a0,0,0,0,0,a1,0,0,0,0,a2,0,0,0,0,a3);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a 5x5 diagonal matrix containing specified coefficients.
+    static CImg<T> diagonal(const T& a0, const T& a1, const T& a2, const T& a3, const T& a4) {
+      return matrix(a0,0,0,0,0,0,a1,0,0,0,0,0,a2,0,0,0,0,0,a3,0,0,0,0,0,a4);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a NxN identity matrix.
+    /**
+       \param N Dimension of the matrix.
+    **/
+    static CImg<T> identity_matrix(const unsigned int N) {
+      CImg<T> res(N,N,1,1,0);
+      cimg_forX(res,x) res(x,x) = 1;
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a N-numbered sequence vector from \p a0 to \p a1.
+    /**
+       \param N Size of the resulting vector.
+       \param a0 Starting value of the sequence.
+       \param a1 Ending value of the sequence.
+     **/
+    static CImg<T> sequence(const unsigned int N, const T a0, const T a1) {
+      if (N) return CImg<T>(1,N).sequence(a0,a1);
+      return CImg<T>();
+    }
+
+    //! Return a 3x3 rotation matrix along the (x,y,z)-axis with an angle w.
+    /**
+       \param x X-coordinate of the rotation axis, or first quaternion coordinate.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the rotation axis, or second quaternion coordinate.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the rotation axis, or third quaternion coordinate.
+       \param w Angle of the rotation axis, or fourth quaternion coordinate.
+       \param is_quaternion Tell is the four arguments denotes a set { axis + angle } or a quaternion.
+     **/
+    static CImg<T> rotation_matrix(const float x, const float y, const float z, const float w,
+                                   const bool is_quaternion=false) {
+      float X,Y,Z,W;
+      if (!is_quaternion) {
+        const float norm = (float)std::sqrt(x*x + y*y + z*z),
+          nx = norm>0?x/norm:0,
+          ny = norm>0?y/norm:0,
+          nz = norm>0?z/norm:1,
+          nw = norm>0?w:0,
+          sina = (float)std::sin(nw/2),
+          cosa = (float)std::cos(nw/2);
+        X = nx*sina;
+        Y = ny*sina;
+        Z = nz*sina;
+        W = cosa;
+      } else {
+        const float norm = (float)std::sqrt(x*x + y*y + z*z + w*w);
+        if (norm>0) { X = x/norm; Y = y/norm; Z = z/norm; W = w/norm; }
+        else { X = Y = Z = 0; W = 1; }
+      }
+      const float xx = X*X, xy = X*Y, xz = X*Z, xw = X*W, yy = Y*Y, yz = Y*Z, yw = Y*W, zz = Z*Z, zw = Z*W;
+      return CImg<T>::matrix((T)(1-2*(yy+zz)), (T)(2*(xy+zw)),   (T)(2*(xz-yw)),
+			     (T)(2*(xy-zw)),   (T)(1-2*(xx+zz)), (T)(2*(yz+xw)),
+			     (T)(2*(xz+yw)),   (T)(2*(yz-xw)),   (T)(1-2*(xx+yy)));
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //-----------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Value Manipulation
+    //@{
+    //-----------------------------------
+
+    //! Fill all pixel values with specified value.
+    /**
+       \param val Fill value.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& fill(const T val) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (val && sizeof(T)!=1) cimg_for(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = val;
+      else std::memset(_data,(int)val,sizeof(T)*size());
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill all pixel values with specified value \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val) const {
+      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val);
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values.
+    /**
+       \param val0 First fill value.
+       \param val1 Second fill value.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-1;
+      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) { *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; }
+      if (ptrd!=ptre+1) *(ptrd++) = val0;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1) const {
+      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1);
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-2;
+      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) { *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; }
+      ptre+=2;
+      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
+      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
+      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2) const {
+      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2);
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-3;
+      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) { *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3; }
+      ptre+=3;
+      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
+      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
+      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
+      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3) const {
+      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3);
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-4;
+      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
+        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3; *(ptrd++) = val4;
+      }
+      ptre+=4;
+      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
+      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
+      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
+      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
+      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4) const {
+      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4);
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-5;
+      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
+        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3; *(ptrd++) = val4; *(ptrd++) = val5;
+      }
+      ptre+=5;
+      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
+      case 5 : *(--ptre) = val4;
+      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
+      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
+      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
+      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5) const {
+      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5);
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-6;
+      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
+        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3; *(ptrd++) = val4; *(ptrd++) = val5;
+        *(ptrd++) = val6;
+      }
+      ptre+=6;
+      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
+      case 6 : *(--ptre) = val5;
+      case 5 : *(--ptre) = val4;
+      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
+      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
+      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
+      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5,
+                     const T val6) const {
+      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5,val6);
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5,
+                  const T val6, const T val7) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-7;
+      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
+        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3;
+        *(ptrd++) = val4; *(ptrd++) = val5; *(ptrd++) = val6; *(ptrd++) = val7;
+      }
+      ptre+=7;
+      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
+      case 7 : *(--ptre) = val6;
+      case 6 : *(--ptre) = val5;
+      case 5 : *(--ptre) = val4;
+      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
+      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
+      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
+      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
+                     const T val7) const {
+      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5,val6,val7);
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
+                  const T val7, const T val8) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-8;
+      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
+        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2;
+        *(ptrd++) = val3; *(ptrd++) = val4; *(ptrd++) = val5;
+        *(ptrd++) = val6; *(ptrd++) = val7; *(ptrd++) = val8;
+      }
+      ptre+=8;
+      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
+      case 8 : *(--ptre) = val7;
+      case 7 : *(--ptre) = val6;
+      case 6 : *(--ptre) = val5;
+      case 5 : *(--ptre) = val4;
+      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
+      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
+      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
+      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
+                     const T val7, const T val8) const {
+      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5,val6,val7,val8);
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
+                  const T val7, const T val8, const T val9) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-9;
+      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
+        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3; *(ptrd++) = val4;
+        *(ptrd++) = val5; *(ptrd++) = val6; *(ptrd++) = val7; *(ptrd++) = val8; *(ptrd++) = val9;
+      }
+      ptre+=9;
+      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
+      case 9 : *(--ptre) = val8;
+      case 8 : *(--ptre) = val7;
+      case 7 : *(--ptre) = val6;
+      case 6 : *(--ptre) = val5;
+      case 5 : *(--ptre) = val4;
+      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
+      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
+      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
+      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
+                     const T val7, const T val8, const T val9) const {
+      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5,val6,val7,val8,val9);
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
+                  const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-10;
+      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
+        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3; *(ptrd++) = val4;
+        *(ptrd++) = val5; *(ptrd++) = val6; *(ptrd++) = val7; *(ptrd++) = val8; *(ptrd++) = val9;
+        *(ptrd++) = val10;
+      }
+      ptre+=10;
+      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
+      case 10 : *(--ptre) = val9;
+      case 9 : *(--ptre) = val8;
+      case 8 : *(--ptre) = val7;
+      case 7 : *(--ptre) = val6;
+      case 6 : *(--ptre) = val5;
+      case 5 : *(--ptre) = val4;
+      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
+      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
+      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
+      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
+                     const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10) const {
+      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5,val6,val7,val8,val9,val10);
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
+                  const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10, const T val11) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-11;
+      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
+        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3; *(ptrd++) = val4; *(ptrd++) = val5;
+        *(ptrd++) = val6; *(ptrd++) = val7; *(ptrd++) = val8; *(ptrd++) = val9; *(ptrd++) = val10; *(ptrd++) = val11;
+      }
+      ptre+=11;
+      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
+      case 11 : *(--ptre) = val10;
+      case 10 : *(--ptre) = val9;
+      case 9 : *(--ptre) = val8;
+      case 8 : *(--ptre) = val7;
+      case 7 : *(--ptre) = val6;
+      case 6 : *(--ptre) = val5;
+      case 5 : *(--ptre) = val4;
+      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
+      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
+      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
+      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
+                     const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10, const T val11) const {
+      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5,val6,val7,val8,val9,val10,
+                                                           val11);
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
+                  const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10, const T val11, const T val12) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-12;
+      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
+        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3; *(ptrd++) = val4; *(ptrd++) = val5;
+        *(ptrd++) = val6; *(ptrd++) = val7; *(ptrd++) = val8; *(ptrd++) = val9; *(ptrd++) = val10; *(ptrd++) = val11;
+        *(ptrd++) = val12;
+      }
+      ptre+=12;
+      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
+      case 12 : *(--ptre) = val11;
+      case 11 : *(--ptre) = val10;
+      case 10 : *(--ptre) = val9;
+      case 9 : *(--ptre) = val8;
+      case 8 : *(--ptre) = val7;
+      case 7 : *(--ptre) = val6;
+      case 6 : *(--ptre) = val5;
+      case 5 : *(--ptre) = val4;
+      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
+      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
+      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
+      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
+                     const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10, const T val11, const T val12) const {
+      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5,val6,val7,val8,val9,val10,
+                                                           val11,val12);
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
+                  const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10, const T val11, const T val12,
+                  const T val13) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-13;
+      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
+        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3; *(ptrd++) = val4; *(ptrd++) = val5;
+        *(ptrd++) = val6; *(ptrd++) = val7; *(ptrd++) = val8; *(ptrd++) = val9; *(ptrd++) = val10; *(ptrd++) = val11;
+        *(ptrd++) = val12; *(ptrd++) = val13;
+      }
+      ptre+=13;
+      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
+      case 13 : *(--ptre) = val12;
+      case 12 : *(--ptre) = val11;
+      case 11 : *(--ptre) = val10;
+      case 10 : *(--ptre) = val9;
+      case 9 : *(--ptre) = val8;
+      case 8 : *(--ptre) = val7;
+      case 7 : *(--ptre) = val6;
+      case 6 : *(--ptre) = val5;
+      case 5 : *(--ptre) = val4;
+      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
+      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
+      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
+      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
+                     const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10, const T val11, const T val12,
+                     const T val13) const {
+      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5,val6,val7,val8,val9,val10,
+                                                           val11,val12,val13);
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
+                  const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10, const T val11, const T val12,
+                  const T val13, const T val14) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-14;
+      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
+        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3; *(ptrd++) = val4; *(ptrd++) = val5;
+        *(ptrd++) = val6; *(ptrd++) = val7; *(ptrd++) = val8; *(ptrd++) = val9; *(ptrd++) = val10; *(ptrd++) = val11;
+        *(ptrd++) = val12; *(ptrd++) = val13; *(ptrd++) = val14;
+      }
+      ptre+=14;
+      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
+      case 14 : *(--ptre) = val13;
+      case 13 : *(--ptre) = val12;
+      case 12 : *(--ptre) = val11;
+      case 11 : *(--ptre) = val10;
+      case 10 : *(--ptre) = val9;
+      case 9 : *(--ptre) = val8;
+      case 8 : *(--ptre) = val7;
+      case 7 : *(--ptre) = val6;
+      case 6 : *(--ptre) = val5;
+      case 5 : *(--ptre) = val4;
+      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
+      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
+      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
+      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
+                     const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10, const T val11, const T val12,
+                     const T val13, const T val14) const {
+      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5,val6,val7,val8,val9,val10,
+                                                           val11,val12,val13,val14);
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
+                  const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10, const T val11, const T val12,
+                  const T val13, const T val14, const T val15) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      T *ptrd, *ptre = end()-15;
+      for (ptrd = _data; ptrd<ptre; ) {
+        *(ptrd++) = val0; *(ptrd++) = val1; *(ptrd++) = val2; *(ptrd++) = val3; *(ptrd++) = val4; *(ptrd++) = val5;
+        *(ptrd++) = val6; *(ptrd++) = val7; *(ptrd++) = val8; *(ptrd++) = val9; *(ptrd++) = val10; *(ptrd++) = val11;
+        *(ptrd++) = val12; *(ptrd++) = val13; *(ptrd++) = val14; *(ptrd++) = val15;
+      }
+      ptre+=15;
+      switch (ptre - ptrd) {
+      case 15 : *(--ptre) = val14;
+      case 14 : *(--ptre) = val13;
+      case 13 : *(--ptre) = val12;
+      case 12 : *(--ptre) = val11;
+      case 11 : *(--ptre) = val10;
+      case 10 : *(--ptre) = val9;
+      case 9 : *(--ptre) = val8;
+      case 8 : *(--ptre) = val7;
+      case 7 : *(--ptre) = val6;
+      case 6 : *(--ptre) = val5;
+      case 5 : *(--ptre) = val4;
+      case 4 : *(--ptre) = val3;
+      case 3 : *(--ptre) = val2;
+      case 2 : *(--ptre) = val1;
+      case 1 : *(--ptre) = val0;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially all pixel values with specified values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_fill(const T val0, const T val1, const T val2, const T val3, const T val4, const T val5, const T val6,
+                     const T val7, const T val8, const T val9, const T val10, const T val11, const T val12,
+                     const T val13, const T val14, const T val15) const {
+      return CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(val0,val1,val2,val3,val4,val5,val6,val7,val8,val9,val10,
+                                                           val11,val12,val13,val14,val15);
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially pixel values according to a given expression.
+    /**
+       \param expression C-string describing a math formula, or a list of values.
+       \param repeat_flag In case a list of values is provided, tells if this list must be repeated for the filling.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& fill(const char *const expression, const bool repeat_flag) {
+      if (is_empty() || !expression || !*expression) return *this;
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      try { // Try to fill values according to a formula.
+        const CImg<T> _base = cimg::_is_self_expr(expression)?+*this:CImg<T>(), &base = _base?_base:*this;
+        _cimg_math_parser mp(base,expression+(*expression=='>' || *expression=='<'?1:0),"fill");
+        T *ptrd = *expression=='<'?end()-1:_data;
+        if (*expression=='<') cimg_rofXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) *(ptrd--) = (T)mp(x,y,z,c);
+        else if (*expression=='>') cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) *(ptrd++) = (T)mp(x,y,z,c);
+        else {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+          if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2 && std::strlen(expression)>=6)
+#pragma omp parallel
+            {
+              _cimg_math_parser _mp = omp_get_thread_num()?mp:_cimg_math_parser(), &lmp = omp_get_thread_num()?_mp:mp;
+#pragma omp for collapse(3)
+              cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+                T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(*this,x) *ptrd++ = (T)lmp(x,y,z,c);
+              }
+            }
+          else
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) *(ptrd++) = (T)mp(x,y,z,c);
+        }
+      } catch (CImgException& e) { // If failed, try to recognize a list of values.
+        char item[16384] = { 0 }, sep = 0;
+        const char *nexpression = expression;
+        unsigned long nb = 0;
+        const unsigned long siz = size();
+        T *ptrd = _data;
+        for (double val = 0; *nexpression && nb<siz; ++nb) {
+          sep = 0;
+          const int err = std::sscanf(nexpression,"%4095[ \n\t0-9.e+-]%c",item,&sep);
+          if (err>0 && std::sscanf(item,"%lf",&val)==1) {
+            nexpression+=std::strlen(item) + (err>1?1:0);
+            *(ptrd++) = (T)val;
+          } else break;
+        }
+        cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+        if (nb<siz && (sep || *nexpression))
+          throw CImgArgumentException(e.what(),pixel_type(),expression);
+        if (repeat_flag && nb && nb<siz)
+          for (T *ptrs = _data, *const ptre = _data + siz; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrs) *(ptrd++) = *ptrs;
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially pixel values according to a given expression \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_fill(const char *const values, const bool repeat_values) const {
+      return (+*this).fill(values,repeat_values);
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially pixel values according to the values found in another image.
+    /**
+       \param values Image containing the values used for the filling.
+       \param repeat_values In case there are less values than necessary in \c values, tells if these values must be
+         repeated for the filling.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& fill(const CImg<t>& values, const bool repeat_values=true) {
+      if (is_empty() || !values) return *this;
+      T *ptrd = _data, *ptre = ptrd + size();
+      for (t *ptrs = values._data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + values.size(); ptrs<ptrs_end && ptrd<ptre; ++ptrs)
+        *(ptrd++) = (T)*ptrs;
+      if (repeat_values && ptrd<ptre) for (T *ptrs = _data; ptrd<ptre; ++ptrs) *(ptrd++) = *ptrs;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill sequentially pixel values according to the values found in another image \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> get_fill(const CImg<t>& values, const bool repeat_values=true) const {
+      return repeat_values?CImg<T>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).fill(values,repeat_values):
+        (+*this).fill(values,repeat_values);
+    }
+
+    //! Fill pixel values along the X-axis at a specified pixel position.
+    /**
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the filled column.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the filled column.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the filled column.
+       \param a0 First fill value.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& fillX(const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int c, const int a0, ...) {
+#define _cimg_fill1(x,y,z,c,off,siz,t) { \
+    va_list ap; va_start(ap,a0); T *ptrd = data(x,y,z,c); *ptrd = (T)a0; \
+    for (unsigned long k = 1; k<siz; ++k) { ptrd+=off; *ptrd = (T)va_arg(ap,t); } \
+    va_end(ap); }
+      if (y<_height && z<_depth && c<_spectrum) _cimg_fill1(0,y,z,c,1,_width,int);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill pixel values along the X-axis at a specified pixel position \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& fillX(const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int c, const double a0, ...) {
+      if (y<_height && z<_depth && c<_spectrum) _cimg_fill1(0,y,z,c,1,_width,double);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill pixel values along the Y-axis at a specified pixel position.
+    /**
+       \param x X-coordinate of the filled row.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the filled row.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the filled row.
+       \param a0 First fill value.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& fillY(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int c, const int a0, ...) {
+      if (x<_width && z<_depth && c<_spectrum) _cimg_fill1(x,0,z,c,_width,_height,int);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill pixel values along the Y-axis at a specified pixel position \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& fillY(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int z, const unsigned int c, const double a0, ...) {
+      if (x<_width && z<_depth && c<_spectrum) _cimg_fill1(x,0,z,c,_width,_height,double);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill pixel values along the Z-axis at a specified pixel position.
+    /**
+       \param x X-coordinate of the filled slice.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the filled slice.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the filled slice.
+       \param a0 First fill value.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& fillZ(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int c, const int a0, ...) {
+      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height;
+      if (x<_width && y<_height && c<_spectrum) _cimg_fill1(x,y,0,c,wh,_depth,int);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill pixel values along the Z-axis at a specified pixel position \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& fillZ(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int c, const double a0, ...) {
+      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height;
+      if (x<_width && y<_height && c<_spectrum) _cimg_fill1(x,y,0,c,wh,_depth,double);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill pixel values along the C-axis at a specified pixel position.
+    /**
+       \param x X-coordinate of the filled channel.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the filled channel.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the filled channel.
+       \param a0 First filling value.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& fillC(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const int a0, ...) {
+      const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+      if (x<_width && y<_height && z<_depth) _cimg_fill1(x,y,z,0,whd,_spectrum,int);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill pixel values along the C-axis at a specified pixel position \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& fillC(const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z, const double a0, ...) {
+      const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+      if (x<_width && y<_height && z<_depth) _cimg_fill1(x,y,z,0,whd,_spectrum,double);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Discard specified value in the image buffer.
+    /**
+       \param value Value to discard.
+       \note Discarded values will change the image geometry, so the resulting image
+       is returned as a one-column vector.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& discard(const T value) {
+      return get_discard(value).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Discard specified value in the image buffer \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_discard(const T value) const {
+      CImg<T> res(1,size());
+      T *pd = res._data;
+      for (const T *ps = _data, *const pse = end(); ps<pse; ++ps)
+        if (*ps!=value) *(pd++) = *ps;
+      if (pd==res._data) return CImg<T>();
+      return res.resize(1,pd-res._data,1,1,-1);
+    }
+
+    //! Discard specified sequence of values in the image buffer.
+    /**
+       \param values Sequence of values to discard.
+       \note Discarded values will change the image geometry, so the resulting image
+       is returned as a one-column vector.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& discard(const CImg<t>& values) {
+      return get_discard(values).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Discard specified sequence of values in the image buffer \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> get_discard(const CImg<t>& values) const {
+      if (!values) return *this;
+      if (values.size()==1) return get_discard(*values);
+      CImg<T> res(1,size());
+      T *pd = res._data;
+      const t *const pve = values.end();
+      for (const T *ps = _data, *const pse = end(); ps<pse; ) {
+        const T *_ps = ps;
+        const t *pv = values._data;
+        while (_ps<pse && pv<pve) { if (*(_ps++)!=(T)*pv) break; ++pv; }
+        if (pv!=pve) {
+          const unsigned int l = _ps - ps;
+          if (l==1) *(pd++) = *ps; else { std::memcpy(pd,ps,sizeof(T)*l); pd+=l; }
+        }
+        ps = _ps;
+      }
+      if (pd==res._data) return CImg<T>();
+      return res.resize(1,pd-res._data,1,1,-1);
+    }
+
+    //! Invert endianness of all pixel values.
+    /**
+     **/
+    CImg<T>& invert_endianness() {
+      cimg::invert_endianness(_data,size());
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Invert endianness of all pixel values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_invert_endianness() const {
+      return (+*this).invert_endianness();
+    }
+
+    //! Fill image with random values in specified range.
+    /**
+       \param val_min Minimal random value.
+       \param val_max Maximal random value.
+       \note Random samples are following a uniform distribution.
+     **/
+    CImg<T>& rand(const T val_min, const T val_max) {
+      const float delta = (float)val_max - (float)val_min;
+      cimg_for(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)(val_min + cimg::rand()*delta);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Fill image with random values in specified range \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_rand(const T val_min, const T val_max) const {
+      return (+*this).rand(val_min,val_max);
+    }
+
+    //! Round pixel values.
+    /**
+       \param y Rounding precision.
+       \param rounding_type Rounding type. Can be:
+       - \c -1: Backward.
+       - \c 0: Nearest.
+       - \c 1: Forward.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& round(const double y=1, const int rounding_type=0) {
+      if (y>0)
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=8192)
+#endif
+        cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = cimg::round(*ptrd,y,rounding_type);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Round pixel values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_round(const double y=1, const unsigned int rounding_type=0) const {
+      return (+*this).round(y,rounding_type);
+    }
+
+    //! Add random noise to pixel values.
+    /**
+       \param sigma Amplitude of the random additive noise. If \p sigma<0, it stands for a percentage of the
+         global value range.
+       \param noise_type Type of additive noise (can be \p 0=gaussian, \p 1=uniform, \p 2=Salt and Pepper,
+         \p 3=Poisson or \p 4=Rician).
+       \return A reference to the modified image instance.
+       \note
+       - For Poisson noise (\p noise_type=3), parameter \p sigma is ignored, as Poisson noise only depends on
+         the image value itself.
+       - Function \p CImg<T>::get_noise() is also defined. It returns a non-shared modified copy of the image instance.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg"), res = img.get_noise(40);
+       (img,res.normalize(0,255)).display();
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_noise.jpg
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& noise(const double sigma, const unsigned int noise_type=0) {
+      if (!is_empty()) {
+        const Tfloat vmin = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::min(), vmax = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::max();
+        Tfloat nsigma = (Tfloat)sigma, m = 0, M = 0;
+        if (nsigma==0 && noise_type!=3) return *this;
+        if (nsigma<0 || noise_type==2) m = (Tfloat)min_max(M);
+        if (nsigma<0) nsigma = (Tfloat)(-nsigma*(M-m)/100.0);
+        switch (noise_type) {
+        case 0 : { // Gaussian noise
+          cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) {
+            Tfloat val = (Tfloat)(*ptrd + nsigma*cimg::grand());
+            if (val>vmax) val = vmax;
+            if (val<vmin) val = vmin;
+            *ptrd = (T)val;
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 1 : { // Uniform noise
+          cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) {
+            Tfloat val = (Tfloat)(*ptrd + nsigma*cimg::crand());
+            if (val>vmax) val = vmax;
+            if (val<vmin) val = vmin;
+            *ptrd = (T)val;
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 2 : { // Salt & Pepper noise
+          if (nsigma<0) nsigma = -nsigma;
+          if (M==m) { m = 0; M = (Tfloat)(cimg::type<T>::is_float()?1:cimg::type<T>::max()); }
+          cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) if (cimg::rand()*100<nsigma) *ptrd = (T)(cimg::rand()<0.5?M:m);
+        } break;
+
+        case 3 : { // Poisson Noise
+          cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)cimg::prand(*ptrd);
+        } break;
+
+        case 4 : { // Rice noise
+          const Tfloat sqrt2 = (Tfloat)std::sqrt(2.0);
+          cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) {
+            const Tfloat
+              val0 = (Tfloat)*ptrd/sqrt2,
+              re = (Tfloat)(val0 + nsigma*cimg::grand()),
+              im = (Tfloat)(val0 + nsigma*cimg::grand());
+            Tfloat val = (Tfloat)std::sqrt(re*re + im*im);
+            if (val>vmax) val = vmax;
+            if (val<vmin) val = vmin;
+            *ptrd = (T)val;
+          }
+        } break;
+        default :
+          throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                      "noise(): Invalid specified noise type %d "
+                                      "(should be { 0=gaussian | 1=uniform | 2=salt&Pepper | 3=poisson }).",
+                                      cimg_instance,
+                                      noise_type);
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Add random noise to pixel values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_noise(const double sigma, const unsigned int noise_type=0) const {
+      return (+*this).noise(sigma,noise_type);
+    }
+
+    //! Linearly normalize pixel values.
+    /**
+       \param min_value Minimum desired value of the resulting image.
+       \param max_value Maximum desired value of the resulting image.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg"), res = img.get_normalize(160,220);
+       (img,res).display();
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_normalize2.jpg
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& normalize(const T min_value, const T max_value) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const T a = min_value<max_value?min_value:max_value, b = min_value<max_value?max_value:min_value;
+      T m, M = max_min(m);
+      const Tfloat fm = (Tfloat)m, fM = (Tfloat)M;
+      if (m==M) return fill(min_value);
+      if (m!=a || M!=b)
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=65536)
+#endif
+        cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (T)((*ptrd-fm)/(fM-fm)*(b-a)+a);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Linearly normalize pixel values \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_normalize(const T min_value, const T max_value) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).normalize((Tfloat)min_value,(Tfloat)max_value);
+    }
+
+    //! Normalize multi-valued pixels of the image instance, with respect to their L2-norm.
+    /**
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg"), res = img.get_normalize();
+       (img,res.normalize(0,255)).display();
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_normalize.jpg
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& normalize() {
+      const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth>=16)
+#endif
+      cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
+        T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,0);
+        cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+          const T *ptrs = ptrd;
+          float n = 0;
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) { n+=cimg::sqr((float)*ptrs); ptrs+=whd; }
+          n = (float)std::sqrt(n);
+          T *_ptrd = ptrd++;
+          if (n>0) cimg_forC(*this,c) { *_ptrd = (T)(*_ptrd/n); _ptrd+=whd; }
+          else cimg_forC(*this,c) { *_ptrd = (T)0; _ptrd+=whd; }
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Normalize multi-valued pixels of the image instance, with respect to their L2-norm \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_normalize() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).normalize();
+    }
+
+    //! Compute L2-norm of each multi-valued pixel of the image instance.
+    /**
+       \param norm_type Type of computed vector norm (can be \p 0=Linf, \p 1=L1 or \p 2=L2).
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg"), res = img.get_norm();
+       (img,res.normalize(0,255)).display();
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_norm.jpg
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& norm(const int norm_type=2) {
+      if (_spectrum==1) return abs();
+      return get_norm(norm_type).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute L2-norm of each multi-valued pixel of the image instance \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_norm(const int norm_type=2) const {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (_spectrum==1) return get_abs();
+      const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+      CImg<Tfloat> res(_width,_height,_depth);
+      switch (norm_type) {
+      case -1 : {             // Linf norm
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth>=16)
+#endif
+        cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
+          const unsigned long off = offset(0,y,z);
+          const T *ptrs = _data + off;
+          Tfloat *ptrd = res._data + off;
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            Tfloat n = 0;
+            const T *_ptrs = ptrs++;
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) { const Tfloat val = (Tfloat)cimg::abs(*_ptrs); if (val>n) n = val; _ptrs+=whd; }
+            *(ptrd++) = n;
+          }
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 1 : {              // L1 norm
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth>=16)
+#endif
+        cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
+          const unsigned long off = offset(0,y,z);
+          const T *ptrs = _data + off;
+          Tfloat *ptrd = res._data + off;
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            Tfloat n = 0;
+            const T *_ptrs = ptrs++;
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) { n+=cimg::abs(*_ptrs); _ptrs+=whd; }
+            *(ptrd++) = n;
+          }
+        }
+      } break;
+      default : {             // L2 norm
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth>=16)
+#endif
+        cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
+          const unsigned long off = offset(0,y,z);
+          const T *ptrs = _data + off;
+          Tfloat *ptrd = res._data + off;
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            Tfloat n = 0;
+            const T *_ptrs = ptrs++;
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) { n+=cimg::sqr((Tfloat)*_ptrs); _ptrs+=whd; }
+            *(ptrd++) = (Tfloat)std::sqrt((Tfloat)n);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Cut pixel values in specified range.
+    /**
+       \param min_value Minimum desired value of the resulting image.
+       \param max_value Maximum desired value of the resulting image.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg"), res = img.get_cut(160,220);
+       (img,res).display();
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_cut.jpg
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& cut(const T min_value, const T max_value) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const T a = min_value<max_value?min_value:max_value, b = min_value<max_value?max_value:min_value;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = (*ptrd<a)?a:((*ptrd>b)?b:*ptrd);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Cut pixel values in specified range \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_cut(const T min_value, const T max_value) const {
+      return (+*this).cut(min_value,max_value);
+    }
+
+    //! Uniformly quantize pixel values.
+    /**
+       \param nb_levels Number of quantization levels.
+       \param keep_range Tells if resulting values keep the same range as the original ones.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg"), res = img.get_quantize(4);
+       (img,res).display();
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_quantize.jpg
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& quantize(const unsigned int nb_levels, const bool keep_range=true) {
+      if (!nb_levels)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "quantize(): Invalid quantization request with 0 values.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      Tfloat m, M = (Tfloat)max_min(m), range = M - m;
+      if (range>0) {
+        if (keep_range)
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
+#endif
+          cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) {
+            const unsigned int val = (unsigned int)((*ptrd-m)*nb_levels/range);
+            *ptrd = (T)(m + cimg::min(val,nb_levels-1)*range/nb_levels);
+          } else
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
+#endif
+          cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) {
+            const unsigned int val = (unsigned int)((*ptrd-m)*nb_levels/range);
+            *ptrd = (T)cimg::min(val,nb_levels-1);
+          }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Uniformly quantize pixel values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_quantize(const unsigned int n, const bool keep_range=true) const {
+      return (+*this).quantize(n,keep_range);
+    }
+
+    //! Threshold pixel values.
+    /**
+       \param value Threshold value
+       \param soft_threshold Tells if soft thresholding must be applied (instead of hard one).
+       \param strict_threshold Tells if threshold value is strict.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg"), res = img.get_threshold(128);
+       (img,res.normalize(0,255)).display();
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_threshold.jpg
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& threshold(const T value, const bool soft_threshold=false, const bool strict_threshold=false) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (strict_threshold) {
+        if (soft_threshold)
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
+#endif
+          cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) { const T v = *ptrd; *ptrd = v>value?(T)(v-value):v<-(float)value?(T)(v+value):(T)0; }
+        else
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=65536)
+#endif
+          cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = *ptrd>value?(T)1:(T)0;
+      } else {
+        if (soft_threshold)
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=32768)
+#endif
+          cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) {
+            const T v = *ptrd; *ptrd = v>=value?(T)(v-value):v<=-(float)value?(T)(v+value):(T)0;
+          }
+        else
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=65536)
+#endif
+          cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) *ptrd = *ptrd>=value?(T)1:(T)0;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Threshold pixel values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_threshold(const T value, const bool soft_threshold=false, const bool strict_threshold=false) const {
+      return (+*this).threshold(value,soft_threshold,strict_threshold);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the histogram of pixel values.
+    /**
+       \param nb_levels Number of desired histogram levels.
+       \param min_value Minimum pixel value considered for the histogram computation.
+         All pixel values lower than \p min_value will not be counted.
+       \param max_value Maximum pixel value considered for the histogram computation.
+         All pixel values higher than \p max_value will not be counted.
+       \note
+       - The histogram H of an image I is the 1d function where H(x) counts the number of occurences of the value x
+         in the image I.
+       - The resulting histogram is always defined in 1d. Histograms of multi-valued images are not multi-dimensional.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img = CImg<float>("reference.jpg").histogram(256);
+       img.display_graph(0,3);
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_histogram.jpg
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& histogram(const unsigned int nb_levels, const T min_value, const T max_value) {
+      return get_histogram(nb_levels,min_value,max_value).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the histogram of pixel values \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& histogram(const unsigned int nb_levels) {
+      return get_histogram(nb_levels).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the histogram of pixel values \newinstance.
+    CImg<ulongT> get_histogram(const unsigned int nb_levels, const T min_value, const T max_value) const {
+      if (!nb_levels || is_empty()) return CImg<ulongT>();
+      T vmin = min_value<max_value?min_value:max_value, vmax = min_value<max_value?max_value:min_value;
+      CImg<ulongT> res(nb_levels,1,1,1,0);
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrs,T) {
+        const T val = *ptrs;
+        if (val>=vmin && val<=vmax) ++res[val==vmax?nb_levels-1:(unsigned int)((val-vmin)*nb_levels/(vmax-vmin))];
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the histogram of pixel values \newinstance.
+    CImg<ulongT> get_histogram(const unsigned int nb_levels) const {
+      if (!nb_levels || is_empty()) return CImg<ulongT>();
+      T vmax = 0, vmin = min_max(vmax);
+      return get_histogram(nb_levels,vmin,vmax);
+    }
+
+    //! Equalize histogram of pixel values.
+    /**
+       \param nb_levels Number of histogram levels used for the equalization.
+       \param min_value Minimum pixel value considered for the histogram computation.
+         All pixel values lower than \p min_value will not be counted.
+       \param max_value Maximum pixel value considered for the histogram computation.
+         All pixel values higher than \p max_value will not be counted.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg"), res = img.get_equalize(256);
+       (img,res).display();
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_equalize.jpg
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& equalize(const unsigned int nb_levels, const T min_value, const T max_value) {
+      if (!nb_levels || is_empty()) return *this;
+      T vmin = min_value<max_value?min_value:max_value, vmax = min_value<max_value?max_value:min_value;
+      CImg<ulongT> hist = get_histogram(nb_levels,vmin,vmax);
+      unsigned long cumul = 0;
+      cimg_forX(hist,pos) { cumul+=hist[pos]; hist[pos] = cumul; }
+      if (!cumul) cumul = 1;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (size()>=1048576)
+#endif
+      cimg_rof(*this,ptrd,T) {
+        const int pos = (int)((*ptrd-vmin)*(nb_levels-1)/(vmax-vmin));
+        if (pos>=0 && pos<(int)nb_levels) *ptrd = (T)(vmin + (vmax-vmin)*hist[pos]/cumul);
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Equalize histogram of pixel values \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& equalize(const unsigned int nb_levels) {
+      if (!nb_levels || is_empty()) return *this;
+      T vmax = 0, vmin = min_max(vmax);
+      return equalize(nb_levels,vmin,vmax);
+    }
+
+    //! Equalize histogram of pixel values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_equalize(const unsigned int nblevels, const T val_min, const T val_max) const {
+      return (+*this).equalize(nblevels,val_min,val_max);
+    }
+
+    //! Equalize histogram of pixel values \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_equalize(const unsigned int nblevels) const {
+      return (+*this).equalize(nblevels);
+    }
+
+    //! Index multi-valued pixels regarding to a specified colormap.
+    /**
+       \param colormap Multi-valued colormap used as the basis for multi-valued pixel indexing.
+       \param dithering Level of dithering (0=disable, 1=standard level).
+       \param map_indexes Tell if the values of the resulting image are the colormap indices or the colormap vectors.
+       \note
+       - \p img.index(colormap,dithering,1) is equivalent to <tt>img.index(colormap,dithering,0).map(colormap)</tt>.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg"), colormap(3,1,1,3, 0,128,255, 0,128,255, 0,128,255);
+       const CImg<float> res = img.get_index(colormap,1,true);
+       (img,res).display();
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_index.jpg
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& index(const CImg<t>& colormap, const float dithering=1, const bool map_indexes=false) {
+      return get_index(colormap,dithering,map_indexes).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Index multi-valued pixels regarding to a specified colormap \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<typename CImg<t>::Tuint>
+    get_index(const CImg<t>& colormap, const float dithering=1, const bool map_indexes=true) const {
+      if (colormap._spectrum!=_spectrum)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "index(): Instance and specified colormap (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) "
+                                    "have incompatible dimensions.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    colormap._width,colormap._height,colormap._depth,colormap._spectrum,colormap._data);
+
+      typedef typename CImg<t>::Tuint tuint;
+      if (is_empty()) return CImg<tuint>();
+      const unsigned long
+        whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth,
+        pwhd = (unsigned long)colormap._width*colormap._height*colormap._depth;
+      CImg<tuint> res(_width,_height,_depth,map_indexes?_spectrum:1);
+      tuint *ptrd = res._data;
+      if (dithering>0) { // Dithered versions.
+        const float ndithering = (dithering<0?0:dithering>1?1:dithering)/16;
+        Tfloat valm = 0, valM = (Tfloat)max_min(valm);
+        if (valm==valM && valm>=0 && valM<=255) { valm = 0; valM = 255; }
+        CImg<Tfloat> cache = get_crop(-1,0,0,0,_width,1,0,_spectrum-1);
+        Tfloat *cache_current = cache.data(1,0,0,0), *cache_next = cache.data(1,1,0,0);
+        const unsigned long cwhd = (unsigned long)cache._width*cache._height*cache._depth;
+        switch (_spectrum) {
+        case 1 : { // Optimized for scalars.
+          cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
+            if (y<height()-2) {
+              Tfloat *ptrc0 = cache_next; const T *ptrs0 = data(0,y+1,z,0);
+              cimg_forX(*this,x) *(ptrc0++) = (Tfloat)*(ptrs0++);
+            }
+            Tfloat *ptrs0 = cache_current, *ptrsn0 = cache_next;
+            cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+              const Tfloat _val0 = (Tfloat)*ptrs0, val0 = _val0<valm?valm:_val0>valM?valM:_val0;
+              Tfloat distmin = cimg::type<Tfloat>::max(); const t *ptrmin0 = colormap._data;
+              for (const t *ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp_end = ptrp0 + pwhd; ptrp0<ptrp_end; ) {
+                const Tfloat pval0 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp0++) - val0, dist = pval0*pval0;
+                if (dist<distmin) { ptrmin0 = ptrp0 - 1; distmin = dist; }
+              }
+              const Tfloat err0 = ((*(ptrs0++)=val0) - (Tfloat)*ptrmin0)*ndithering;
+              *ptrs0+=7*err0; *(ptrsn0-1)+=3*err0; *(ptrsn0++)+=5*err0; *ptrsn0+=err0;
+              if (map_indexes) *(ptrd++) = (tuint)*ptrmin0; else *(ptrd++) = (tuint)(ptrmin0 - colormap._data);
+            }
+            cimg::swap(cache_current,cache_next);
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 2 : { // Optimized for 2d vectors.
+          tuint *ptrd1 = ptrd + whd;
+          cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
+            if (y<height()-2) {
+              Tfloat *ptrc0 = cache_next, *ptrc1 = ptrc0 + cwhd;
+              const T *ptrs0 = data(0,y+1,z,0), *ptrs1 = ptrs0 + whd;
+              cimg_forX(*this,x) { *(ptrc0++) = (Tfloat)*(ptrs0++); *(ptrc1++) = (Tfloat)*(ptrs1++); }
+            }
+            Tfloat
+              *ptrs0 = cache_current, *ptrs1 = ptrs0 + cwhd,
+              *ptrsn0 = cache_next, *ptrsn1 = ptrsn0 + cwhd;
+            cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+              const Tfloat
+                _val0 = (Tfloat)*ptrs0, val0 = _val0<valm?valm:_val0>valM?valM:_val0,
+                _val1 = (Tfloat)*ptrs1, val1 = _val1<valm?valm:_val1>valM?valM:_val1;
+              Tfloat distmin = cimg::type<Tfloat>::max(); const t *ptrmin0 = colormap._data;
+              for (const t *ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp1 = ptrp0 + pwhd, *ptrp_end = ptrp1; ptrp0<ptrp_end; ) {
+                const Tfloat
+                  pval0 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp0++) - val0, pval1 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp1++) - val1,
+                  dist = pval0*pval0 + pval1*pval1;
+                if (dist<distmin) { ptrmin0 = ptrp0 - 1; distmin = dist; }
+              }
+              const t *const ptrmin1 = ptrmin0 + pwhd;
+              const Tfloat
+                err0 = ((*(ptrs0++)=val0) - (Tfloat)*ptrmin0)*ndithering,
+                err1 = ((*(ptrs1++)=val1) - (Tfloat)*ptrmin1)*ndithering;
+              *ptrs0+=7*err0; *ptrs1+=7*err1;
+              *(ptrsn0-1)+=3*err0; *(ptrsn1-1)+=3*err1;
+              *(ptrsn0++)+=5*err0; *(ptrsn1++)+=5*err1;
+              *ptrsn0+=err0; *ptrsn1+=err1;
+              if (map_indexes) { *(ptrd++) = (tuint)*ptrmin0; *(ptrd1++) = (tuint)*ptrmin1; }
+              else *(ptrd++) = (tuint)(ptrmin0 - colormap._data);
+            }
+            cimg::swap(cache_current,cache_next);
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 3 : { // Optimized for 3d vectors (colors).
+          tuint *ptrd1 = ptrd + whd, *ptrd2 = ptrd1 + whd;
+          cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
+            if (y<height()-2) {
+              Tfloat *ptrc0 = cache_next, *ptrc1 = ptrc0 + cwhd, *ptrc2 = ptrc1 + cwhd;
+              const T *ptrs0 = data(0,y+1,z,0), *ptrs1 = ptrs0 + whd, *ptrs2 = ptrs1 + whd;
+              cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+                *(ptrc0++) = (Tfloat)*(ptrs0++); *(ptrc1++) = (Tfloat)*(ptrs1++); *(ptrc2++) = (Tfloat)*(ptrs2++);
+              }
+            }
+            Tfloat
+              *ptrs0 = cache_current, *ptrs1 = ptrs0 + cwhd, *ptrs2 = ptrs1 + cwhd,
+              *ptrsn0 = cache_next, *ptrsn1 = ptrsn0 + cwhd, *ptrsn2 = ptrsn1 + cwhd;
+            cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+              const Tfloat
+                _val0 = (Tfloat)*ptrs0, val0 = _val0<valm?valm:_val0>valM?valM:_val0,
+                _val1 = (Tfloat)*ptrs1, val1 = _val1<valm?valm:_val1>valM?valM:_val1,
+                _val2 = (Tfloat)*ptrs2, val2 = _val2<valm?valm:_val2>valM?valM:_val2;
+              Tfloat distmin = cimg::type<Tfloat>::max(); const t *ptrmin0 = colormap._data;
+              for (const t *ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp1 = ptrp0 + pwhd, *ptrp2 = ptrp1 + pwhd,
+                     *ptrp_end = ptrp1; ptrp0<ptrp_end; ) {
+                const Tfloat
+                  pval0 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp0++) - val0,
+                  pval1 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp1++) - val1,
+                  pval2 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp2++) - val2,
+                  dist = pval0*pval0 + pval1*pval1 + pval2*pval2;
+                if (dist<distmin) { ptrmin0 = ptrp0 - 1; distmin = dist; }
+              }
+              const t *const ptrmin1 = ptrmin0 + pwhd, *const ptrmin2 = ptrmin1 + pwhd;
+              const Tfloat
+                err0 = ((*(ptrs0++)=val0) - (Tfloat)*ptrmin0)*ndithering,
+                err1 = ((*(ptrs1++)=val1) - (Tfloat)*ptrmin1)*ndithering,
+                err2 = ((*(ptrs2++)=val2) - (Tfloat)*ptrmin2)*ndithering;
+
+              *ptrs0+=7*err0; *ptrs1+=7*err1; *ptrs2+=7*err2;
+              *(ptrsn0-1)+=3*err0; *(ptrsn1-1)+=3*err1; *(ptrsn2-1)+=3*err2;
+              *(ptrsn0++)+=5*err0; *(ptrsn1++)+=5*err1; *(ptrsn2++)+=5*err2;
+              *ptrsn0+=err0; *ptrsn1+=err1; *ptrsn2+=err2;
+
+              if (map_indexes) {
+                *(ptrd++) = (tuint)*ptrmin0; *(ptrd1++) = (tuint)*ptrmin1; *(ptrd2++) = (tuint)*ptrmin2;
+              } else *(ptrd++) = (tuint)(ptrmin0 - colormap._data);
+            }
+            cimg::swap(cache_current,cache_next);
+          }
+        } break;
+        default : // Generic version
+          cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
+            if (y<height()-2) {
+              Tfloat *ptrc = cache_next;
+              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                Tfloat *_ptrc = ptrc; const T *_ptrs = data(0,y+1,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(*this,x) *(_ptrc++) = (Tfloat)*(_ptrs++);
+                ptrc+=cwhd;
+              }
+            }
+            Tfloat *ptrs = cache_current, *ptrsn = cache_next;
+            cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+              Tfloat distmin = cimg::type<Tfloat>::max(); const t *ptrmin = colormap._data;
+              for (const t *ptrp = colormap._data, *ptrp_end = ptrp + pwhd; ptrp<ptrp_end; ++ptrp) {
+                Tfloat dist = 0; Tfloat *_ptrs = ptrs; const t *_ptrp = ptrp;
+                cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                  const Tfloat _val = *_ptrs, val = _val<valm?valm:_val>valM?valM:_val;
+                  dist+=cimg::sqr((*_ptrs=val) - (Tfloat)*_ptrp); _ptrs+=cwhd; _ptrp+=pwhd;
+                }
+                if (dist<distmin) { ptrmin = ptrp; distmin = dist; }
+              }
+              const t *_ptrmin = ptrmin; Tfloat *_ptrs = ptrs++, *_ptrsn = (ptrsn++)-1;
+              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                const Tfloat err = (*(_ptrs++) - (Tfloat)*_ptrmin)*ndithering;
+                *_ptrs+=7*err; *(_ptrsn++)+=3*err; *(_ptrsn++)+=5*err; *_ptrsn+=err;
+                _ptrmin+=pwhd; _ptrs+=cwhd-1; _ptrsn+=cwhd-2;
+              }
+              if (map_indexes) {
+                tuint *_ptrd = ptrd++;
+                cimg_forC(*this,c) { *_ptrd = (tuint)*ptrmin; _ptrd+=whd; ptrmin+=pwhd; }
+              }
+              else *(ptrd++) = (tuint)(ptrmin - colormap._data);
+            }
+            cimg::swap(cache_current,cache_next);
+          }
+        }
+      } else { // Non-dithered versions
+        switch (_spectrum) {
+        case 1 : { // Optimized for scalars.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=64 && _height*_depth>=16 && pwhd>=16)
+#endif
+          cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
+            tuint *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z);
+            for (const T *ptrs0 = data(0,y,z), *ptrs_end = ptrs0 + _width; ptrs0<ptrs_end; ) {
+              const Tfloat val0 = (Tfloat)*(ptrs0++);
+              Tfloat distmin = cimg::type<Tfloat>::max(); const t *ptrmin0 = colormap._data;
+              for (const t *ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp_end = ptrp0 + pwhd; ptrp0<ptrp_end; ) {
+                const Tfloat pval0 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp0++) - val0, dist = pval0*pval0;
+                if (dist<distmin) { ptrmin0 = ptrp0 - 1; distmin = dist; }
+              }
+              if (map_indexes) *(ptrd++) = (tuint)*ptrmin0; else *(ptrd++) = (tuint)(ptrmin0 - colormap._data);
+            }
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 2 : { // Optimized for 2d vectors.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=64 && _height*_depth>=16 && pwhd>=16)
+#endif
+          cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
+            tuint *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z), *ptrd1 = ptrd + whd;
+            for (const T *ptrs0 = data(0,y,z), *ptrs1 = ptrs0 + whd, *ptrs_end = ptrs0 + _width; ptrs0<ptrs_end; ) {
+              const Tfloat val0 = (Tfloat)*(ptrs0++), val1 = (Tfloat)*(ptrs1++);
+              Tfloat distmin = cimg::type<Tfloat>::max(); const t *ptrmin0 = colormap._data;
+              for (const t *ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp1 = ptrp0 + pwhd, *ptrp_end = ptrp1; ptrp0<ptrp_end; ) {
+                const Tfloat
+                  pval0 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp0++) - val0, pval1 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp1++) - val1,
+                  dist = pval0*pval0 + pval1*pval1;
+                if (dist<distmin) { ptrmin0 = ptrp0 - 1; distmin = dist; }
+              }
+              if (map_indexes) { *(ptrd++) = (tuint)*ptrmin0; *(ptrd1++) = (tuint)*(ptrmin0 + pwhd); }
+              else *(ptrd++) = (tuint)(ptrmin0 - colormap._data);
+            }
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 3 : { // Optimized for 3d vectors (colors).
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=64 && _height*_depth>=16 && pwhd>=16)
+#endif
+          cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
+            tuint *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z), *ptrd1 = ptrd + whd, *ptrd2 = ptrd1 + whd;
+            for (const T *ptrs0 = data(0,y,z), *ptrs1 = ptrs0 + whd, *ptrs2 = ptrs1 + whd,
+                   *ptrs_end = ptrs0 + _width; ptrs0<ptrs_end; ) {
+              const Tfloat val0 = (Tfloat)*(ptrs0++), val1 = (Tfloat)*(ptrs1++), val2 = (Tfloat)*(ptrs2++);
+              Tfloat distmin = cimg::type<Tfloat>::max(); const t *ptrmin0 = colormap._data;
+              for (const t *ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp1 = ptrp0 + pwhd, *ptrp2 = ptrp1 + pwhd,
+                     *ptrp_end = ptrp1; ptrp0<ptrp_end; ) {
+                const Tfloat
+                  pval0 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp0++) - val0,
+                  pval1 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp1++) - val1,
+                  pval2 = (Tfloat)*(ptrp2++) - val2,
+                  dist = pval0*pval0 + pval1*pval1 + pval2*pval2;
+                if (dist<distmin) { ptrmin0 = ptrp0 - 1; distmin = dist; }
+              }
+              if (map_indexes) {
+                *(ptrd++) = (tuint)*ptrmin0;
+                *(ptrd1++) = (tuint)*(ptrmin0 + pwhd);
+                *(ptrd2++) = (tuint)*(ptrmin0 + 2*pwhd);
+              } else *(ptrd++) = (tuint)(ptrmin0 - colormap._data);
+            }
+          }
+        } break;
+        default : // Generic version.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=64 && _height*_depth>=16 && pwhd>=16)
+#endif
+          cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
+            tuint *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z);
+            for (const T *ptrs = data(0,y,z), *ptrs_end = ptrs + _width; ptrs<ptrs_end; ++ptrs) {
+              Tfloat distmin = cimg::type<Tfloat>::max(); const t *ptrmin = colormap._data;
+              for (const t *ptrp = colormap._data, *ptrp_end = ptrp + pwhd; ptrp<ptrp_end; ++ptrp) {
+                Tfloat dist = 0; const T *_ptrs = ptrs; const t *_ptrp = ptrp;
+                cimg_forC(*this,c) { dist+=cimg::sqr((Tfloat)*_ptrs - (Tfloat)*_ptrp); _ptrs+=whd; _ptrp+=pwhd; }
+                if (dist<distmin) { ptrmin = ptrp; distmin = dist; }
+              }
+              if (map_indexes) {
+                tuint *_ptrd = ptrd++;
+                cimg_forC(*this,c) { *_ptrd = (tuint)*ptrmin; _ptrd+=whd; ptrmin+=pwhd; }
+              }
+              else *(ptrd++) = (tuint)(ptrmin - colormap._data);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Map predefined colormap on the scalar (indexed) image instance.
+    /**
+       \param colormap Multi-valued colormap used for mapping the indexes.
+       \param boundary_conditions The border condition type { 0=zero |  1=dirichlet | 2=periodic }.
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg"),
+                         colormap1(3,1,1,3, 0,128,255, 0,128,255, 0,128,255),
+                         colormap2(3,1,1,3, 255,0,0, 0,255,0, 0,0,255),
+                         res = img.get_index(colormap1,0).map(colormap2);
+       (img,res).display();
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_map.jpg
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& map(const CImg<t>& colormap, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=0) {
+      return get_map(colormap,boundary_conditions).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Map predefined colormap on the scalar (indexed) image instance \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<t> get_map(const CImg<t>& colormap, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=0) const {
+      if (_spectrum!=1 && colormap._spectrum!=1)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "map(): Instance and specified colormap (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) "
+                                    "have incompatible dimensions.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    colormap._width,colormap._height,colormap._depth,colormap._spectrum,colormap._data);
+
+      const unsigned long
+        whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth,
+        pwhd = (unsigned long)colormap._width*colormap._height*colormap._depth;
+      CImg<t> res(_width,_height,_depth,colormap._spectrum==1?_spectrum:colormap._spectrum);
+      switch (colormap._spectrum) {
+
+      case 1 : { // Optimized for scalars.
+        const T *ptrs = _data;
+        switch (boundary_conditions) {
+        case 2 : // Periodic boundaries.
+          cimg_for(res,ptrd,t) {
+            const unsigned long ind = (unsigned long)*(ptrs++);
+            *ptrd = colormap[ind%pwhd];
+          } break;
+        case 1 : // Neumann boundaries.
+          cimg_for(res,ptrd,t) {
+            const long ind = (long)*(ptrs++);
+            *ptrd = colormap[ind<0?0:ind>=(long)pwhd?pwhd-1:ind];
+          } break;
+        default : // Dirichlet boundaries.
+          cimg_for(res,ptrd,t) {
+            const unsigned long ind = (unsigned long)*(ptrs++);
+            *ptrd = ind<pwhd?colormap[ind]:(t)0;
+          }
+        }
+      } break;
+
+      case 2 : { // Optimized for 2d vectors.
+        switch (boundary_conditions) {
+        case 2 : { // Periodic boundaries.
+          const t *const ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp1 = ptrp0 + pwhd;
+          t *ptrd0 = res._data, *ptrd1 = ptrd0 + whd;
+          for (const T *ptrs = _data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + whd; ptrs<ptrs_end; ) {
+            const unsigned long _ind = (unsigned long)*(ptrs++), ind = _ind%pwhd;
+            *(ptrd0++) = ptrp0[ind]; *(ptrd1++) = ptrp1[ind];
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 1 : { // Neumann boundaries.
+          const t *const ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp1 = ptrp0 + pwhd;
+          t *ptrd0 = res._data, *ptrd1 = ptrd0 + whd;
+          for (const T *ptrs = _data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + whd; ptrs<ptrs_end; ) {
+            const long _ind = (long)*(ptrs++), ind = _ind<0?0:_ind>=(long)pwhd?pwhd-1:_ind;
+            *(ptrd0++) = ptrp0[ind]; *(ptrd1++) = ptrp1[ind];
+          }
+        } break;
+        default : { // Dirichlet boundaries.
+          const t *const ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp1 = ptrp0 + pwhd;
+          t *ptrd0 = res._data, *ptrd1 = ptrd0 + whd;
+          for (const T *ptrs = _data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + whd; ptrs<ptrs_end; ) {
+            const unsigned long ind = (unsigned long)*(ptrs++);
+            const bool is_in = ind<pwhd;
+            *(ptrd0++) = is_in?ptrp0[ind]:(t)0; *(ptrd1++) = is_in?ptrp1[ind]:(t)0;
+          }
+        }
+        }
+      } break;
+
+      case 3 : { // Optimized for 3d vectors (colors).
+        switch (boundary_conditions) {
+        case 2 : { // Periodic boundaries.
+          const t *const ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp1 = ptrp0 + pwhd, *ptrp2 = ptrp1 + pwhd;
+          t *ptrd0 = res._data, *ptrd1 = ptrd0 + whd, *ptrd2 = ptrd1 + whd;
+          for (const T *ptrs = _data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + whd; ptrs<ptrs_end; ) {
+            const unsigned long _ind = (unsigned long)*(ptrs++), ind = _ind%pwhd;
+            *(ptrd0++) = ptrp0[ind]; *(ptrd1++) = ptrp1[ind]; *(ptrd2++) = ptrp2[ind];
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 1 : { // Neumann boundaries.
+          const t *const ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp1 = ptrp0 + pwhd, *ptrp2 = ptrp1 + pwhd;
+          t *ptrd0 = res._data, *ptrd1 = ptrd0 + whd, *ptrd2 = ptrd1 + whd;
+          for (const T *ptrs = _data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + whd; ptrs<ptrs_end; ) {
+            const long _ind = (long)*(ptrs++), ind = _ind<0?0:_ind>=(long)pwhd?pwhd-1:_ind;
+            *(ptrd0++) = ptrp0[ind]; *(ptrd1++) = ptrp1[ind]; *(ptrd2++) = ptrp2[ind];
+          }
+        } break;
+        default : { // Dirichlet boundaries.
+          const t *const ptrp0 = colormap._data, *ptrp1 = ptrp0 + pwhd, *ptrp2 = ptrp1 + pwhd;
+          t *ptrd0 = res._data, *ptrd1 = ptrd0 + whd, *ptrd2 = ptrd1 + whd;
+          for (const T *ptrs = _data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + whd; ptrs<ptrs_end; ) {
+            const unsigned long ind = (unsigned long)*(ptrs++);
+            const bool is_in = ind<pwhd;
+            *(ptrd0++) = is_in?ptrp0[ind]:(t)0; *(ptrd1++) = is_in?ptrp1[ind]:(t)0; *(ptrd2++) = is_in?ptrp2[ind]:(t)0;
+          }
+        }
+        }
+      } break;
+
+      default : { // Generic version.
+        switch (boundary_conditions) {
+        case 2 : { // Periodic boundaries.
+          t *ptrd = res._data;
+          for (const T *ptrs = _data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + whd; ptrs<ptrs_end; ) {
+            const unsigned long _ind = (unsigned long)*(ptrs++), ind = _ind%pwhd;
+            const t *ptrp = colormap._data + ind;
+            t *_ptrd = ptrd++; cimg_forC(res,c) { *_ptrd = *ptrp; _ptrd+=whd; ptrp+=pwhd; }
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 1 : { // Neumann boundaries.
+          t *ptrd = res._data;
+          for (const T *ptrs = _data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + whd; ptrs<ptrs_end; ) {
+            const long _ind = (long)*(ptrs++), ind = _ind<0?0:_ind>=(long)pwhd?pwhd-1:_ind;
+            const t *ptrp = colormap._data + ind;
+            t *_ptrd = ptrd++; cimg_forC(res,c) { *_ptrd = *ptrp; _ptrd+=whd; ptrp+=pwhd; }
+          }
+        } break;
+        default : { // Dirichlet boundaries.
+          t *ptrd = res._data;
+          for (const T *ptrs = _data, *ptrs_end = ptrs + whd; ptrs<ptrs_end; ) {
+            const unsigned long ind = (unsigned long)*(ptrs++);
+            const bool is_in = ind<pwhd;
+            if (is_in) {
+              const t *ptrp = colormap._data + ind;
+              t *_ptrd = ptrd++; cimg_forC(res,c) { *_ptrd = *ptrp; _ptrd+=whd; ptrp+=pwhd; }
+            } else {
+              t *_ptrd = ptrd++; cimg_forC(res,c) { *_ptrd = (t)0; _ptrd+=whd; }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        }
+      }
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Label connected components.
+    /**
+       \param is_high_connectivity Boolean that choose between 4(false)- or 8(true)-connectivity
+       in 2d case, and between 6(false)- or 26(true)-connectivity in 3d case.
+       \param tolerance Tolerance used to determine if two neighboring pixels belong to the same region.
+       \note The algorithm of connected components computation has been primarily done
+       by A. Meijster, according to the publication:
+       'W.H. Hesselink, A. Meijster, C. Bron, "Concurrent Determination of Connected Components.",
+       In: Science of Computer Programming 41 (2001), pp. 173--194'.
+       The submitted code has then been modified to fit CImg coding style and constraints.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& label(const bool is_high_connectivity=false, const Tfloat tolerance=0) {
+      return get_label(is_high_connectivity,tolerance).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Label connected components \newinstance.
+    CImg<unsigned long> get_label(const bool is_high_connectivity=false,
+                                  const Tfloat tolerance=0) const {
+      if (is_empty()) return CImg<unsigned long>();
+
+      // Create neighborhood tables.
+      int dx[13], dy[13], dz[13], nb = 0;
+      dx[nb]=1; dy[nb] = 0; dz[nb++]=0;
+      dx[nb]=0; dy[nb] = 1; dz[nb++]=0;
+      if (is_high_connectivity) {
+        dx[nb]=1; dy[nb] = 1; dz[nb++]=0;
+        dx[nb]=1; dy[nb] = -1; dz[nb++]=0;
+      }
+      if (_depth>1) { // 3d version.
+        dx[nb]=0; dy[nb] = 0; dz[nb++]=1;
+        if (is_high_connectivity) {
+          dx[nb]=1; dy[nb] = 1; dz[nb++]=-1;
+          dx[nb]=1; dy[nb] = 0; dz[nb++]=-1;
+          dx[nb]=1; dy[nb] = -1; dz[nb++]=-1;
+          dx[nb]=0; dy[nb] = 1; dz[nb++]=-1;
+
+          dx[nb]=0; dy[nb] = 1; dz[nb++]=1;
+          dx[nb]=1; dy[nb] = -1; dz[nb++]=1;
+          dx[nb]=1; dy[nb] = 0; dz[nb++]=1;
+          dx[nb]=1; dy[nb] = 1; dz[nb++]=1;
+        }
+      }
+      return _get_label(nb,dx,dy,dz,tolerance);
+    }
+
+    //! Label connected components \overloading.
+    /**
+       \param connectivity_mask Mask of the neighboring pixels.
+       \param tolerance Tolerance used to determine if two neighboring pixels belong to the same region.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& label(const CImg<t>& connectivity_mask, const Tfloat tolerance=0) {
+      return get_label(connectivity_mask,tolerance).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Label connected components \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<unsigned long> get_label(const CImg<t>& connectivity_mask,
+                                  const Tfloat tolerance=0) const {
+      int nb = 0;
+      cimg_for(connectivity_mask,ptr,t) if (*ptr) ++nb;
+      CImg<intT> dx(nb,1,1,1,0), dy(nb,1,1,1,0), dz(nb,1,1,1,0);
+      nb = 0;
+      cimg_forXYZ(connectivity_mask,x,y,z) if ((x || y || z) &&
+                                               connectivity_mask(x,y,z)) {
+        dx[nb] = x; dy[nb] = y; dz[nb++] = z;
+      }
+      return _get_label(nb,dx,dy,dz,tolerance);
+    }
+
+    CImg<unsigned long> _get_label(const unsigned int nb, const int
+                                   *const dx, const int *const dy, const int *const dz,
+                                   const Tfloat tolerance) const {
+      CImg<unsigned long> res(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+      cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+        CImg<unsigned long> _res = res.get_shared_channel(c);
+
+        // Init label numbers.
+        unsigned long *ptr = _res.data();
+        cimg_foroff(_res,p) *(ptr++) = p;
+
+        // For each neighbour-direction, label.
+        for (unsigned int n = 0; n<nb; ++n) {
+          const int _dx = dx[n], _dy = dy[n], _dz = dz[n];
+          if (_dx || _dy || _dz) {
+            const int
+              x0 = _dx<0?-_dx:0,
+              x1 = _dx<0?_width:_width - _dx,
+              y0 = _dy<0?-_dy:0,
+              y1 = _dy<0?_height:_height - _dy,
+              z0 = _dz<0?-_dz:0,
+              z1 = _dz<0?_depth:_depth - _dz;
+            const long wh = (long)_width*_height, offset = (long)_dz*wh + (long)_dy*_width + _dx;
+            for (long z = z0, nz = z0 + _dz, pz = z0*wh; z<z1; ++z, ++nz, pz+=wh) {
+              for (long y = y0, ny = y0 + _dy, py = y0*_width + pz; y<y1; ++y, ++ny, py+=_width) {
+                for (long x = x0, nx = x0 + _dx, p = x0 + py; x<x1; ++x, ++nx, ++p) {
+                  if ((Tfloat)cimg::abs((*this)(x,y,z,c,wh)-(*this)(nx,ny,nz,c,wh))<=tolerance) {
+                    const long q = p + offset;
+                    unsigned long x, y;
+                    for (x = p<q?q:p, y = p<q?p:q; x!=y && _res[x]!=x; ) { x = _res[x]; if (x<y) cimg::swap(x,y); }
+                    if (x!=y) _res[x] = y;
+                    for (unsigned long _p = p; _p!=y; ) { const unsigned long h = _res[_p]; _res[_p] = y; _p = h; }
+                    for (unsigned long _q = q; _q!=y; ) { const unsigned long h = _res[_q]; _res[_q] = y; _q = h; }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Resolve equivalences.
+        unsigned long counter = 0;
+        ptr = _res.data();
+        cimg_foroff(_res,p) { *ptr = *ptr==p?counter++:_res[*ptr]; ++ptr; }
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    // [internal] Replace possibly malicious characters for commands to be called by system() by their escaped version.
+    CImg<T>& _system_strescape() {
+#define cimg_system_strescape(c,s) case c : if (p!=ptrs) CImg<T>(ptrs,(unsigned int)(p-ptrs),1,1,1,false).\
+      move_to(list); \
+      CImg<T>(s,(unsigned int)std::strlen(s),1,1,1,false).move_to(list); ptrs = p+1; break
+      CImgList<T> list;
+      const T *ptrs = _data;
+      cimg_for(*this,p,T) switch ((int)*p) {
+        cimg_system_strescape('\\',"\\\\");
+        cimg_system_strescape('\"',"\\\"");
+        cimg_system_strescape('!',"\"\\!\"");
+        cimg_system_strescape('`',"\\`");
+        cimg_system_strescape('$',"\\$");
+      }
+      if (ptrs<end()) CImg<T>(ptrs,(unsigned int)(end()-ptrs),1,1,1,false).move_to(list);
+      return (list>'x').move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //---------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Color Base Management
+    //@{
+    //---------------------------------
+
+    //! Return colormap \e "default", containing 256 colors entries in RGB.
+    /**
+       \return The following \c 256x1x1x3 colormap is returned:
+       \image html ref_colormap_default.jpg
+    **/
+    static const CImg<Tuchar>& default_LUT256() {
+      static CImg<Tuchar> colormap;
+      cimg::mutex(8);
+      if (!colormap) {
+        colormap.assign(1,256,1,3);
+        for (unsigned int index = 0, r = 16; r<256; r+=32)
+          for (unsigned int g = 16; g<256; g+=32)
+            for (unsigned int b = 32; b<256; b+=64) {
+              colormap(0,index,0) = (Tuchar)r;
+              colormap(0,index,1) = (Tuchar)g;
+              colormap(0,index++,2) = (Tuchar)b;
+            }
+      }
+      cimg::mutex(8,0);
+      return colormap;
+    }
+
+    //! Return colormap \e "HSV", containing 256 colors entries in RGB.
+    /**
+       \return The following \c 256x1x1x3 colormap is returned:
+       \image html ref_colormap_hsv.jpg
+    **/
+    static const CImg<Tuchar>& HSV_LUT256() {
+      static CImg<Tuchar> colormap;
+      cimg::mutex(8);
+      if (!colormap) {
+        CImg<Tint> tmp(1,256,1,3,1);
+        tmp.get_shared_channel(0).sequence(0,359);
+        colormap = tmp.HSVtoRGB();
+      }
+      cimg::mutex(8,0);
+      return colormap;
+    }
+
+    //! Return colormap \e "lines", containing 256 colors entries in RGB.
+    /**
+       \return The following \c 256x1x1x3 colormap is returned:
+       \image html ref_colormap_lines.jpg
+    **/
+    static const CImg<Tuchar>& lines_LUT256() {
+      static const unsigned char pal[] = {
+        217,62,88,75,1,237,240,12,56,160,165,116,1,1,204,2,15,248,148,185,133,141,46,246,222,116,16,5,207,226,
+        17,114,247,1,214,53,238,0,95,55,233,235,109,0,17,54,33,0,90,30,3,0,94,27,19,0,68,212,166,130,0,15,7,119,
+        238,2,246,198,0,3,16,10,13,2,25,28,12,6,2,99,18,141,30,4,3,140,12,4,30,233,7,10,0,136,35,160,168,184,20,
+        233,0,1,242,83,90,56,180,44,41,0,6,19,207,5,31,214,4,35,153,180,75,21,76,16,202,218,22,17,2,136,71,74,
+        81,251,244,148,222,17,0,234,24,0,200,16,239,15,225,102,230,186,58,230,110,12,0,7,129,249,22,241,37,219,
+        1,3,254,210,3,212,113,131,197,162,123,252,90,96,209,60,0,17,0,180,249,12,112,165,43,27,229,77,40,195,12,
+        87,1,210,148,47,80,5,9,1,137,2,40,57,205,244,40,8,252,98,0,40,43,206,31,187,0,180,1,69,70,227,131,108,0,
+        223,94,228,35,248,243,4,16,0,34,24,2,9,35,73,91,12,199,51,1,249,12,103,131,20,224,2,70,32,
+        233,1,165,3,8,154,246,233,196,5,0,6,183,227,247,195,208,36,0,0,226,160,210,198,69,153,210,1,23,8,192,2,4,
+        137,1,0,52,2,249,241,129,0,0,234,7,238,71,7,32,15,157,157,252,158,2,250,6,13,30,11,162,0,199,21,11,27,224,
+        4,157,20,181,111,187,218,3,0,11,158,230,196,34,223,22,248,135,254,210,157,219,0,117,239,3,255,4,227,5,247,
+        11,4,3,188,111,11,105,195,2,0,14,1,21,219,192,0,183,191,113,241,1,12,17,248,0,48,7,19,1,254,212,0,239,246,
+        0,23,0,250,165,194,194,17,3,253,0,24,6,0,141,167,221,24,212,2,235,243,0,0,205,1,251,133,204,28,4,6,1,10,
+        141,21,74,12,236,254,228,19,1,0,214,1,186,13,13,6,13,16,27,209,6,216,11,207,251,59,32,9,155,23,19,235,143,
+        116,6,213,6,75,159,23,6,0,228,4,10,245,249,1,7,44,234,4,102,174,0,19,239,103,16,15,18,8,214,22,4,47,244,
+        255,8,0,251,173,1,212,252,250,251,252,6,0,29,29,222,233,246,5,149,0,182,180,13,151,0,203,183,0,35,149,0,
+        235,246,254,78,9,17,203,73,11,195,0,3,5,44,0,0,237,5,106,6,130,16,214,20,168,247,168,4,207,11,5,1,232,251,
+        129,210,116,231,217,223,214,27,45,38,4,177,186,249,7,215,172,16,214,27,249,230,236,2,34,216,217,0,175,30,
+        243,225,244,182,20,212,2,226,21,255,20,0,2,13,62,13,191,14,76,64,20,121,4,118,0,216,1,147,0,2,210,1,215,
+        95,210,236,225,184,46,0,248,24,11,1,9,141,250,243,9,221,233,160,11,147,2,55,8,23,12,253,9,0,54,0,231,6,3,
+        141,8,2,246,9,180,5,11,8,227,8,43,110,242,1,130,5,97,36,10,6,219,86,133,11,108,6,1,5,244,67,19,28,0,174,
+        154,16,127,149,252,188,196,196,228,244,9,249,0,0,0,37,170,32,250,0,73,255,23,3,224,234,38,195,198,0,255,87,
+        33,221,174,31,3,0,189,228,6,153,14,144,14,108,197,0,9,206,245,254,3,16,253,178,248,0,95,125,8,0,3,168,21,
+        23,168,19,50,240,244,185,0,1,144,10,168,31,82,1,13 };
+      static const CImg<Tuchar> colormap(pal,1,256,1,3,false);
+      return colormap;
+    }
+
+    //! Return colormap \e "hot", containing 256 colors entries in RGB.
+    /**
+       \return The following \c 256x1x1x3 colormap is returned:
+       \image html ref_colormap_hot.jpg
+    **/
+    static const CImg<Tuchar>& hot_LUT256() {
+      static CImg<Tuchar> colormap;
+      cimg::mutex(8);
+      if (!colormap) {
+        colormap.assign(1,4,1,3,0);
+        colormap[1] = colormap[2] = colormap[3] = colormap[6] = colormap[7] = colormap[11] = 255;
+        colormap.resize(1,256,1,3,3);
+      }
+      cimg::mutex(8,0);
+      return colormap;
+    }
+
+    //! Return colormap \e "cool", containing 256 colors entries in RGB.
+    /**
+       \return The following \c 256x1x1x3 colormap is returned:
+       \image html ref_colormap_cool.jpg
+    **/
+    static const CImg<Tuchar>& cool_LUT256() {
+      static CImg<Tuchar> colormap;
+      cimg::mutex(8);
+      if (!colormap) colormap.assign(1,2,1,3).fill(0,255,255,0,255,255).resize(1,256,1,3,3);
+      cimg::mutex(8,0);
+      return colormap;
+    }
+
+    //! Return colormap \e "jet", containing 256 colors entries in RGB.
+    /**
+       \return The following \c 256x1x1x3 colormap is returned:
+       \image html ref_colormap_jet.jpg
+    **/
+    static const CImg<Tuchar>& jet_LUT256() {
+      static CImg<Tuchar> colormap;
+      cimg::mutex(8);
+      if (!colormap) {
+        colormap.assign(1,4,1,3,0);
+        colormap[2] = colormap[3] = colormap[5] = colormap[6] = colormap[8] = colormap[9] = 255;
+        colormap.resize(1,256,1,3,3);
+      }
+      cimg::mutex(8,0);
+      return colormap;
+    }
+
+    //! Return colormap \e "flag", containing 256 colors entries in RGB.
+    /**
+       \return The following \c 256x1x1x3 colormap is returned:
+       \image html ref_colormap_flag.jpg
+    **/
+    static const CImg<Tuchar>& flag_LUT256() {
+      static CImg<Tuchar> colormap;
+      cimg::mutex(8);
+      if (!colormap) {
+        colormap.assign(1,4,1,3,0);
+        colormap[0] = colormap[1] = colormap[5] = colormap[9] = colormap[10] = 255;
+        colormap.resize(1,256,1,3,0,2);
+      }
+      cimg::mutex(8,0);
+      return colormap;
+    }
+
+    //! Return colormap \e "cube", containing 256 colors entries in RGB.
+    /**
+       \return The following \c 256x1x1x3 colormap is returned:
+       \image html ref_colormap_cube.jpg
+    **/
+    static const CImg<Tuchar>& cube_LUT256() {
+      static CImg<Tuchar> colormap;
+      cimg::mutex(8);
+      if (!colormap) {
+        colormap.assign(1,8,1,3,0);
+        colormap[1] = colormap[3] = colormap[5] = colormap[7] =
+          colormap[10] = colormap[11] = colormap[12] = colormap[13] =
+          colormap[20] = colormap[21] = colormap[22] = colormap[23] = 255;
+        colormap.resize(1,256,1,3,3);
+      }
+      cimg::mutex(8,0);
+      return colormap;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from sRGB to RGB color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& sRGBtoRGB() {
+      cimg_for(*this,ptr,T) {
+        const Tfloat
+          sval = (Tfloat)*ptr,
+          nsval = (sval<0?0:sval>255?255:sval)/255,
+          val = (Tfloat)(nsval<=0.04045f?nsval/12.92f:std::pow((nsval+0.055f)/(1.055f),2.4f));
+        *ptr = (T)(val*255);
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from sRGB to RGB color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_sRGBtoRGB() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).sRGBtoRGB();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to sRGB color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& RGBtosRGB() {
+      cimg_for(*this,ptr,T) {
+        const Tfloat
+          val = (Tfloat)*ptr,
+          nval = (val<0?0:val>255?255:val)/255,
+          sval = (Tfloat)(nval<=0.0031308f?nval*12.92f:1.055f*std::pow(nval,0.416667f)-0.055f);
+        *ptr = (T)(sval*255);
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to sRGB color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_RGBtosRGB() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).RGBtosRGB();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to HSV color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& RGBtoHSV() {
+      if (_spectrum!=3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "RGBtoHSV(): Instance is not a RGB image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
+      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
+        const Tfloat
+          R = (Tfloat)*p1,
+          G = (Tfloat)*p2,
+          B = (Tfloat)*p3,
+          nR = (R<0?0:(R>255?255:R))/255,
+          nG = (G<0?0:(G>255?255:G))/255,
+          nB = (B<0?0:(B>255?255:B))/255,
+          m = cimg::min(nR,nG,nB),
+          M = cimg::max(nR,nG,nB);
+        Tfloat H = 0, S = 0;
+        if (M!=m) {
+          const Tfloat
+            f = (nR==m)?(nG-nB):((nG==m)?(nB-nR):(nR-nG)),
+            i = (Tfloat)((nR==m)?3:((nG==m)?5:1));
+          H = (i-f/(M-m));
+          if (H>=6) H-=6;
+          H*=60;
+          S = (M-m)/M;
+        }
+        *(p1++) = (T)H;
+        *(p2++) = (T)S;
+        *(p3++) = (T)M;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to HSV color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_RGBtoHSV() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).RGBtoHSV();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from HSV to RGB color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& HSVtoRGB() {
+      if (_spectrum!=3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "HSVtoRGB(): Instance is not a HSV image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
+      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
+        Tfloat
+          H = (Tfloat)*p1,
+          S = (Tfloat)*p2,
+          V = (Tfloat)*p3,
+          R = 0, G = 0, B = 0;
+        if (H==0 && S==0) R = G = B = V;
+        else {
+          H/=60;
+          const int i = (int)std::floor(H);
+          const Tfloat
+            f = (i&1)?(H - i):(1 - H + i),
+            m = V*(1 - S),
+            n = V*(1 - S*f);
+          switch (i) {
+          case 6 :
+          case 0 : R = V; G = n; B = m; break;
+          case 1 : R = n; G = V; B = m; break;
+          case 2 : R = m; G = V; B = n; break;
+          case 3 : R = m; G = n; B = V; break;
+          case 4 : R = n; G = m; B = V; break;
+          case 5 : R = V; G = m; B = n; break;
+          }
+        }
+        R*=255; G*=255; B*=255;
+        *(p1++) = (T)(R<0?0:(R>255?255:R));
+        *(p2++) = (T)(G<0?0:(G>255?255:G));
+        *(p3++) = (T)(B<0?0:(B>255?255:B));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from HSV to RGB color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tuchar> get_HSVtoRGB() const {
+      return CImg<Tuchar>(*this,false).HSVtoRGB();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to HSL color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& RGBtoHSL() {
+      if (_spectrum!=3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "RGBtoHSL(): Instance is not a RGB image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
+      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
+        const Tfloat
+          R = (Tfloat)*p1,
+          G = (Tfloat)*p2,
+          B = (Tfloat)*p3,
+          nR = (R<0?0:(R>255?255:R))/255,
+          nG = (G<0?0:(G>255?255:G))/255,
+          nB = (B<0?0:(B>255?255:B))/255,
+          m = cimg::min(nR,nG,nB),
+          M = cimg::max(nR,nG,nB),
+          L = (m + M)/2;
+        Tfloat H = 0, S = 0;
+        if (M==m) H = S = 0;
+        else {
+          const Tfloat
+            f = (nR==m)?(nG-nB):((nG==m)?(nB-nR):(nR-nG)),
+            i = (nR==m)?3.0f:((nG==m)?5.0f:1.0f);
+          H = (i-f/(M-m));
+          if (H>=6) H-=6;
+          H*=60;
+          S = (2*L<=1)?((M-m)/(M+m)):((M-m)/(2-M-m));
+        }
+        *(p1++) = (T)H;
+        *(p2++) = (T)S;
+        *(p3++) = (T)L;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to HSL color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_RGBtoHSL() const {
+      return CImg< Tfloat>(*this,false).RGBtoHSL();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from HSL to RGB color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& HSLtoRGB() {
+      if (_spectrum!=3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "HSLtoRGB(): Instance is not a HSL image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
+      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
+        const Tfloat
+          H = (Tfloat)*p1,
+          S = (Tfloat)*p2,
+          L = (Tfloat)*p3,
+          q = 2*L<1?L*(1+S):(L+S-L*S),
+          p = 2*L-q,
+          h = H/360,
+          tr = h + 1.0f/3,
+          tg = h,
+          tb = h - 1.0f/3,
+          ntr = tr<0?tr+1:(tr>1?tr-1:tr),
+          ntg = tg<0?tg+1:(tg>1?tg-1:tg),
+          ntb = tb<0?tb+1:(tb>1?tb-1:tb),
+          R = 255*(6*ntr<1?p+(q-p)*6*ntr:(2*ntr<1?q:(3*ntr<2?p+(q-p)*6*(2.0f/3-ntr):p))),
+          G = 255*(6*ntg<1?p+(q-p)*6*ntg:(2*ntg<1?q:(3*ntg<2?p+(q-p)*6*(2.0f/3-ntg):p))),
+          B = 255*(6*ntb<1?p+(q-p)*6*ntb:(2*ntb<1?q:(3*ntb<2?p+(q-p)*6*(2.0f/3-ntb):p)));
+        *(p1++) = (T)(R<0?0:(R>255?255:R));
+        *(p2++) = (T)(G<0?0:(G>255?255:G));
+        *(p3++) = (T)(B<0?0:(B>255?255:B));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from HSL to RGB color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tuchar> get_HSLtoRGB() const {
+      return CImg<Tuchar>(*this,false).HSLtoRGB();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to HSI color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& RGBtoHSI() {
+      if (_spectrum!=3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "RGBtoHSI(): Instance is not a RGB image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
+      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
+        const Tfloat
+          R = (Tfloat)*p1,
+          G = (Tfloat)*p2,
+          B = (Tfloat)*p3,
+          nR = (R<0?0:(R>255?255:R))/255,
+          nG = (G<0?0:(G>255?255:G))/255,
+          nB = (B<0?0:(B>255?255:B))/255,
+          m = cimg::min(nR,nG,nB),
+          theta = (Tfloat)(std::acos(0.5f*((nR-nG)+(nR-nB))/std::sqrt(std::pow(nR-nG,2)+(nR-nB)*(nG-nB)))*180/cimg::PI),
+          sum = nR + nG + nB;
+        Tfloat H = 0, S = 0, I = 0;
+        if (theta>0) H = (nB<=nG)?theta:360-theta;
+        if (sum>0) S = 1 - 3/sum*m;
+        I = sum/3;
+        *(p1++) = (T)H;
+        *(p2++) = (T)S;
+        *(p3++) = (T)I;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to HSI color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_RGBtoHSI() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).RGBtoHSI();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from HSI to RGB color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& HSItoRGB() {
+      if (_spectrum!=3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "HSItoRGB(): Instance is not a HSI image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
+      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
+        Tfloat
+          H = (Tfloat)*p1,
+          S = (Tfloat)*p2,
+          I = (Tfloat)*p3,
+          a = I*(1-S),
+          R = 0, G = 0, B = 0;
+        if (H<120) {
+          B = a;
+          R = (Tfloat)(I*(1+S*std::cos(H*cimg::PI/180)/std::cos((60-H)*cimg::PI/180)));
+          G = 3*I-(R+B);
+        } else if (H<240) {
+          H-=120;
+          R = a;
+          G = (Tfloat)(I*(1+S*std::cos(H*cimg::PI/180)/std::cos((60-H)*cimg::PI/180)));
+          B = 3*I-(R+G);
+        } else {
+          H-=240;
+          G = a;
+          B = (Tfloat)(I*(1+S*std::cos(H*cimg::PI/180)/std::cos((60-H)*cimg::PI/180)));
+          R = 3*I-(G+B);
+        }
+        R*=255; G*=255; B*=255;
+        *(p1++) = (T)(R<0?0:(R>255?255:R));
+        *(p2++) = (T)(G<0?0:(G>255?255:G));
+        *(p3++) = (T)(B<0?0:(B>255?255:B));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from HSI to RGB color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_HSItoRGB() const {
+      return CImg< Tuchar>(*this,false).HSItoRGB();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to YCbCr color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& RGBtoYCbCr() {
+      if (_spectrum!=3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "RGBtoYCbCr(): Instance is not a RGB image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
+      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
+        const Tfloat
+          R = (Tfloat)*p1,
+          G = (Tfloat)*p2,
+          B = (Tfloat)*p3,
+          Y = (66*R + 129*G + 25*B + 128)/256 + 16,
+          Cb = (-38*R - 74*G + 112*B + 128)/256 + 128,
+          Cr = (112*R - 94*G - 18*B + 128)/256 + 128;
+        *(p1++) = (T)(Y<0?0:(Y>255?255:Y));
+        *(p2++) = (T)(Cb<0?0:(Cb>255?255:Cb));
+        *(p3++) = (T)(Cr<0?0:(Cr>255?255:Cr));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to YCbCr color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tuchar> get_RGBtoYCbCr() const {
+      return CImg<Tuchar>(*this,false).RGBtoYCbCr();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to YCbCr color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& YCbCrtoRGB() {
+      if (_spectrum!=3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "YCbCrtoRGB(): Instance is not a YCbCr image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
+      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
+        const Tfloat
+          Y = (Tfloat)*p1 - 16,
+          Cb = (Tfloat)*p2 - 128,
+          Cr = (Tfloat)*p3 - 128,
+          R = (298*Y + 409*Cr + 128)/256,
+          G = (298*Y - 100*Cb - 208*Cr + 128)/256,
+          B = (298*Y + 516*Cb + 128)/256;
+        *(p1++) = (T)(R<0?0:(R>255?255:R));
+        *(p2++) = (T)(G<0?0:(G>255?255:G));
+        *(p3++) = (T)(B<0?0:(B>255?255:B));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to YCbCr color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tuchar> get_YCbCrtoRGB() const {
+      return CImg<Tuchar>(*this,false).YCbCrtoRGB();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to YUV color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& RGBtoYUV() {
+      if (_spectrum!=3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "RGBtoYUV(): Instance is not a RGB image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
+      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
+        const Tfloat
+          R = (Tfloat)*p1/255,
+          G = (Tfloat)*p2/255,
+          B = (Tfloat)*p3/255,
+          Y = 0.299f*R + 0.587f*G + 0.114f*B;
+        *(p1++) = (T)Y;
+        *(p2++) = (T)(0.492f*(B-Y));
+        *(p3++) = (T)(0.877*(R-Y));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to YUV color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_RGBtoYUV() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).RGBtoYUV();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from YUV to RGB color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& YUVtoRGB() {
+      if (_spectrum!=3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "YUVtoRGB(): Instance is not a YUV image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
+      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
+        const Tfloat
+          Y = (Tfloat)*p1,
+          U = (Tfloat)*p2,
+          V = (Tfloat)*p3,
+          R = (Y + 1.140f*V)*255,
+          G = (Y - 0.395f*U - 0.581f*V)*255,
+          B = (Y + 2.032f*U)*255;
+        *(p1++) = (T)(R<0?0:(R>255?255:R));
+        *(p2++) = (T)(G<0?0:(G>255?255:G));
+        *(p3++) = (T)(B<0?0:(B>255?255:B));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from YUV to RGB color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tuchar> get_YUVtoRGB() const {
+      return CImg< Tuchar>(*this,false).YUVtoRGB();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to CMY color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& RGBtoCMY() {
+      if (_spectrum!=3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "RGBtoCMY(): Instance is not a RGB image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
+      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
+        const Tfloat
+          R = (Tfloat)*p1,
+          G = (Tfloat)*p2,
+          B = (Tfloat)*p3,
+          C = 255 - R,
+          M = 255 - G,
+          Y = 255 - B;
+        *(p1++) = (T)(C<0?0:(C>255?255:C));
+        *(p2++) = (T)(M<0?0:(M>255?255:M));
+        *(p3++) = (T)(Y<0?0:(Y>255?255:Y));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to CMY color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tuchar> get_RGBtoCMY() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).RGBtoCMY();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from CMY to RGB color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& CMYtoRGB() {
+      if (_spectrum!=3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "CMYtoRGB(): Instance is not a CMY image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
+      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
+        const Tfloat
+          C = (Tfloat)*p1,
+          M = (Tfloat)*p2,
+          Y = (Tfloat)*p3,
+          R = 255 - C,
+          G = 255 - M,
+          B = 255 - Y;
+        *(p1++) = (T)(R<0?0:(R>255?255:R));
+        *(p2++) = (T)(G<0?0:(G>255?255:G));
+        *(p3++) = (T)(B<0?0:(B>255?255:B));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from CMY to RGB color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tuchar> get_CMYtoRGB() const {
+      return CImg<Tuchar>(*this,false).CMYtoRGB();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from CMY to CMYK color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& CMYtoCMYK() {
+      return get_CMYtoCMYK().move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from CMY to CMYK color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tuchar> get_CMYtoCMYK() const {
+      if (_spectrum!=3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "CMYtoCMYK(): Instance is not a CMY image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      CImg<Tfloat> res(_width,_height,_depth,4);
+      const T *ps1 = data(0,0,0,0), *ps2 = data(0,0,0,1), *ps3 = data(0,0,0,2);
+      Tfloat *pd1 = res.data(0,0,0,0), *pd2 = res.data(0,0,0,1), *pd3 = res.data(0,0,0,2), *pd4 = res.data(0,0,0,3);
+      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
+        Tfloat
+	  C = (Tfloat)*(ps1++),
+	  M = (Tfloat)*(ps2++),
+	  Y = (Tfloat)*(ps3++),
+	  K = cimg::min(C,M,Y);
+	if (K>=255) C = M = Y = 0;
+	else { const Tfloat K1 = 255 - K; C = 255*(C - K)/K1; M = 255*(M - K)/K1; Y = 255*(Y - K)/K1; }
+        *(pd1++) = (Tfloat)(C<0?0:(C>255?255:C));
+        *(pd2++) = (Tfloat)(M<0?0:(M>255?255:M));
+        *(pd3++) = (Tfloat)(Y<0?0:(Y>255?255:Y));
+        *(pd4++) = (Tfloat)(K<0?0:(K>255?255:K));
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from CMYK to CMY color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& CMYKtoCMY() {
+      return get_CMYKtoCMY().move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from CMYK to CMY color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_CMYKtoCMY() const {
+      if (_spectrum!=4)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "CMYKtoCMY(): Instance is not a CMYK image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      CImg<Tfloat> res(_width,_height,_depth,3);
+      const T *ps1 = data(0,0,0,0), *ps2 = data(0,0,0,1), *ps3 = data(0,0,0,2), *ps4 = data(0,0,0,3);
+      Tfloat *pd1 = res.data(0,0,0,0), *pd2 = res.data(0,0,0,1), *pd3 = res.data(0,0,0,2);
+      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
+        const Tfloat
+	  C = (Tfloat)*(ps1++),
+	  M = (Tfloat)*(ps2++),
+	  Y = (Tfloat)*(ps3++),
+	  K = (Tfloat)*(ps4++),
+	  K1 = 1 - K/255,
+          nC = C*K1 + K,
+          nM = M*K1 + K,
+          nY = Y*K1 + K;
+        *(pd1++) = (Tfloat)(nC<0?0:(nC>255?255:nC));
+        *(pd2++) = (Tfloat)(nM<0?0:(nM>255?255:nM));
+        *(pd3++) = (Tfloat)(nY<0?0:(nY>255?255:nY));
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to XYZ_709 color spaces.
+    /**
+       \note Uses the standard D65 white point.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& RGBtoXYZ() {
+      if (_spectrum!=3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "RGBtoXYZ(): Instance is not a RGB image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
+      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
+        const Tfloat
+          R = (Tfloat)*p1/255,
+          G = (Tfloat)*p2/255,
+          B = (Tfloat)*p3/255;
+        *(p1++) = (T)(0.412453f*R + 0.357580f*G + 0.180423f*B);
+        *(p2++) = (T)(0.212671f*R + 0.715160f*G + 0.072169f*B);
+        *(p3++) = (T)(0.019334f*R + 0.119193f*G + 0.950227f*B);
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to XYZ_709 color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_RGBtoXYZ() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).RGBtoXYZ();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from XYZ_709 to RGB color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& XYZtoRGB() {
+      if (_spectrum!=3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "XYZtoRGB(): Instance is not a XYZ image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
+      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
+        const Tfloat
+          X = (Tfloat)*p1*255,
+          Y = (Tfloat)*p2*255,
+          Z = (Tfloat)*p3*255,
+          R = 3.240479f*X  - 1.537150f*Y - 0.498535f*Z,
+          G = -0.969256f*X + 1.875992f*Y + 0.041556f*Z,
+          B = 0.055648f*X  - 0.204043f*Y + 1.057311f*Z;
+        *(p1++) = (T)(R<0?0:(R>255?255:R));
+        *(p2++) = (T)(G<0?0:(G>255?255:G));
+        *(p3++) = (T)(B<0?0:(B>255?255:B));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from XYZ_709 to RGB color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tuchar> get_XYZtoRGB() const {
+      return CImg<Tuchar>(*this,false).XYZtoRGB();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from XYZ_709 to Lab color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& XYZtoLab() {
+#define _cimg_Labf(x) ((x)>=0.008856f?(std::pow(x,(Tfloat)1/3)):(7.787f*(x)+16.0f/116))
+
+      if (_spectrum!=3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "XYZtoLab(): Instance is not a XYZ image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      const Tfloat
+        Xn = (Tfloat)(0.412453f + 0.357580f + 0.180423f),
+        Yn = (Tfloat)(0.212671f + 0.715160f + 0.072169f),
+        Zn = (Tfloat)(0.019334f + 0.119193f + 0.950227f);
+      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
+      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
+        const Tfloat
+          X = (Tfloat)*p1,
+          Y = (Tfloat)*p2,
+          Z = (Tfloat)*p3,
+          XXn = X/Xn, YYn = Y/Yn, ZZn = Z/Zn,
+          fX = (Tfloat)_cimg_Labf(XXn),
+          fY = (Tfloat)_cimg_Labf(YYn),
+          fZ = (Tfloat)_cimg_Labf(ZZn);
+        *(p1++) = (T)cimg::max(0.0f,116*fY - 16);
+        *(p2++) = (T)(500*(fX - fY));
+        *(p3++) = (T)(200*(fY - fZ));
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from XYZ_709 to Lab color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_XYZtoLab() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).XYZtoLab();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from Lab to XYZ_709 color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& LabtoXYZ() {
+#define _cimg_Labfi(x) ((x)>=0.206893f?((x)*(x)*(x)):(((x)-16.0f/116)/7.787f))
+
+      if (_spectrum!=3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "LabtoXYZ(): Instance is not a Lab image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      const Tfloat
+        Xn = (Tfloat)(0.412453f + 0.357580f + 0.180423f),
+        Yn = (Tfloat)(0.212671f + 0.715160f + 0.072169f),
+        Zn = (Tfloat)(0.019334f + 0.119193f + 0.950227f);
+      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
+      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
+        const Tfloat
+          L = (Tfloat)*p1,
+          a = (Tfloat)*p2,
+          b = (Tfloat)*p3,
+          cY = (L + 16)/116,
+          Y = (Tfloat)(Yn*_cimg_Labfi(cY)),
+          pY = (Tfloat)std::pow(Y/Yn,(Tfloat)1/3),
+          cX = a/500 + pY,
+          X = Xn*cX*cX*cX,
+          cZ = pY - b/200,
+          Z = Zn*cZ*cZ*cZ;
+        *(p1++) = (T)(X);
+        *(p2++) = (T)(Y);
+        *(p3++) = (T)(Z);
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from Lab to XYZ_709 color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_LabtoXYZ() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).LabtoXYZ();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from XYZ_709 to xyY color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& XYZtoxyY() {
+      if (_spectrum!=3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "XYZtoxyY(): Instance is not a XYZ image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
+      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
+        const Tfloat
+          X = (Tfloat)*p1,
+          Y = (Tfloat)*p2,
+          Z = (Tfloat)*p3,
+          sum = (X+Y+Z),
+          nsum = sum>0?sum:1;
+        *(p1++) = (T)(X/nsum);
+        *(p2++) = (T)(Y/nsum);
+        *(p3++) = (T)Y;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from XYZ_709 to xyY color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_XYZtoxyY() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).XYZtoxyY();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from xyY pixels to XYZ_709 color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& xyYtoXYZ() {
+      if (_spectrum!=3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "xyYtoXYZ(): Instance is not a xyY image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      T *p1 = data(0,0,0,0), *p2 = data(0,0,0,1), *p3 = data(0,0,0,2);
+      for (unsigned long N = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; N; --N) {
+        const Tfloat
+         px = (Tfloat)*p1,
+         py = (Tfloat)*p2,
+         Y = (Tfloat)*p3,
+         ny = py>0?py:1;
+        *(p1++) = (T)(px*Y/ny);
+        *(p2++) = (T)Y;
+        *(p3++) = (T)((1-px-py)*Y/ny);
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from xyY pixels to XYZ_709 color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_xyYtoXYZ() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).xyYtoXYZ();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to Lab color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& RGBtoLab() {
+      return RGBtoXYZ().XYZtoLab();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to Lab color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_RGBtoLab() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).RGBtoLab();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from Lab to RGB color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& LabtoRGB() {
+      return LabtoXYZ().XYZtoRGB();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from Lab to RGB color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tuchar> get_LabtoRGB() const {
+      return CImg<Tuchar>(*this,false).LabtoRGB();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to xyY color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& RGBtoxyY() {
+      return RGBtoXYZ().XYZtoxyY();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to xyY color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_RGBtoxyY() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).RGBtoxyY();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from xyY to RGB color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& xyYtoRGB() {
+      return xyYtoXYZ().XYZtoRGB();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from xyY to RGB color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tuchar> get_xyYtoRGB() const {
+      return CImg<Tuchar>(*this,false).xyYtoRGB();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to CMYK color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& RGBtoCMYK() {
+      return RGBtoCMY().CMYtoCMYK();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from RGB to CMYK color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_RGBtoCMYK() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).RGBtoCMYK();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from CMYK to RGB color spaces.
+    CImg<T>& CMYKtoRGB() {
+      return CMYKtoCMY().CMYtoRGB();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert pixel values from CMYK to RGB color spaces \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tuchar> get_CMYKtoRGB() const {
+      return CImg<Tuchar>(*this,false).CMYKtoRGB();
+    }
+
+    //! Convert RGB color image to a Bayer-coded scalar image.
+    /**
+       \note First (upper-left) pixel if the red component of the pixel color.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& RGBtoBayer() {
+      return get_RGBtoBayer().move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Convert RGB color image to a Bayer-coded scalar image \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_RGBtoBayer() const {
+      if (_spectrum!=3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "RGBtoBayer(): Instance is not a RGB image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      CImg<T> res(_width,_height,_depth,1);
+      const T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2);
+      T *ptrd = res._data;
+      cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
+        if (y%2) {
+          if (x%2) *(ptrd++) = *ptr_b;
+          else *(ptrd++) = *ptr_g;
+        } else {
+          if (x%2) *(ptrd++) = *ptr_g;
+          else *(ptrd++) = *ptr_r;
+        }
+        ++ptr_r; ++ptr_g; ++ptr_b;
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert Bayer-coded scalar image to a RGB color image.
+    CImg<T>& BayertoRGB(const unsigned int interpolation_type=3) {
+      return get_BayertoRGB(interpolation_type).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Convert Bayer-coded scalar image to a RGB color image \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tuchar> get_BayertoRGB(const unsigned int interpolation_type=3) const {
+      if (_spectrum!=1)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "BayertoRGB(): Instance is not a Bayer image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      CImg<Tuchar> res(_width,_height,_depth,3);
+      CImg_3x3(I,T);
+      Tuchar *ptr_r = res.data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = res.data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = res.data(0,0,0,2);
+      switch (interpolation_type) {
+      case 3 : { // Edge-directed
+        CImg_3x3(R,T);
+        CImg_3x3(G,T);
+        CImg_3x3(B,T);
+        cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
+          const int _p1x = x?x-1:1, _p1y = y?y-1:1, _n1x = x<width()-1?x+1:x-1, _n1y = y<height()-1?y+1:y-1;
+          cimg_get3x3(*this,x,y,z,0,I,T);
+          if (y%2) {
+            if (x%2) {
+              const Tfloat
+                alpha = cimg::sqr((Tfloat)Inc - Ipc),
+                beta = cimg::sqr((Tfloat)Icn - Icp),
+                cx = 1/(1+alpha), cy = 1/(1+beta);
+              *ptr_g = (Tuchar)((cx*(Inc+Ipc) + cy*(Icn+Icp))/(2*(cx+cy)));
+            } else *ptr_g = (Tuchar)Icc;
+          } else {
+            if (x%2) *ptr_g = (Tuchar)Icc;
+            else {
+              const Tfloat
+                alpha = cimg::sqr((Tfloat)Inc - Ipc),
+                beta = cimg::sqr((Tfloat)Icn - Icp),
+                cx = 1/(1+alpha), cy = 1/(1+beta);
+              *ptr_g = (Tuchar)((cx*(Inc+Ipc) + cy*(Icn+Icp))/(2*(cx+cy)));
+            }
+          }
+          ++ptr_g;
+        }
+        cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
+          const int _p1x = x?x-1:1, _p1y = y?y-1:1, _n1x = x<width()-1?x+1:x-1, _n1y = y<height()-1?y+1:y-1;
+          cimg_get3x3(*this,x,y,z,0,I,T);
+          cimg_get3x3(res,x,y,z,1,G,T);
+          if (y%2) {
+            if (x%2) *ptr_b = (Tuchar)Icc;
+            else { *ptr_r = (Tuchar)((Icn+Icp)/2); *ptr_b = (Tuchar)((Inc+Ipc)/2); }
+          } else {
+            if (x%2) { *ptr_r = (Tuchar)((Inc+Ipc)/2); *ptr_b = (Tuchar)((Icn+Icp)/2); }
+            else *ptr_r = (Tuchar)Icc;
+          }
+          ++ptr_r; ++ptr_b;
+        }
+        ptr_r = res.data(0,0,0,0);
+        ptr_g = res.data(0,0,0,1);
+        ptr_b = res.data(0,0,0,2);
+        cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
+          const int _p1x = x?x-1:1, _p1y = y?y-1:1, _n1x = x<width()-1?x+1:x-1, _n1y = y<height()-1?y+1:y-1;
+          cimg_get3x3(res,x,y,z,0,R,T);
+          cimg_get3x3(res,x,y,z,1,G,T);
+          cimg_get3x3(res,x,y,z,2,B,T);
+          if (y%2) {
+            if (x%2) {
+              const float
+                alpha = (float)cimg::sqr(Rnc-Rpc),
+                beta = (float)cimg::sqr(Rcn-Rcp),
+                cx = 1/(1+alpha), cy = 1/(1+beta);
+              *ptr_r = (Tuchar)((cx*(Rnc+Rpc) + cy*(Rcn+Rcp))/(2*(cx+cy)));
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (!(x%2)) {
+              const float
+                alpha = (float)cimg::sqr(Bnc-Bpc),
+                beta = (float)cimg::sqr(Bcn-Bcp),
+                cx = 1/(1+alpha), cy = 1/(1+beta);
+              *ptr_b = (Tuchar)((cx*(Bnc+Bpc) + cy*(Bcn+Bcp))/(2*(cx+cy)));
+            }
+          }
+          ++ptr_r; ++ptr_g; ++ptr_b;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 2 : { // Linear interpolation
+        cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
+          const int _p1x = x?x-1:1, _p1y = y?y-1:1, _n1x = x<width()-1?x+1:x-1, _n1y = y<height()-1?y+1:y-1;
+          cimg_get3x3(*this,x,y,z,0,I,T);
+          if (y%2) {
+            if (x%2) {
+              *ptr_r = (Tuchar)((Ipp+Inn+Ipn+Inp)/4); *ptr_g = (Tuchar)((Inc+Ipc+Icn+Icp)/4); *ptr_b = (Tuchar)Icc;
+            } else { *ptr_r = (Tuchar)((Icp+Icn)/2); *ptr_g = (Tuchar)Icc; *ptr_b = (Tuchar)((Inc+Ipc)/2); }
+          } else {
+            if (x%2) { *ptr_r = (Tuchar)((Ipc+Inc)/2); *ptr_g = (Tuchar)Icc; *ptr_b = (Tuchar)((Icn+Icp)/2); }
+            else {
+              *ptr_r = (Tuchar)Icc; *ptr_g = (Tuchar)((Inc+Ipc+Icn+Icp)/4); *ptr_b = (Tuchar)((Ipp+Inn+Ipn+Inp)/4);
+            }
+          }
+          ++ptr_r; ++ptr_g; ++ptr_b;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 1 : { // Nearest neighbor interpolation
+        cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
+          const int _p1x = x?x-1:1, _p1y = y?y-1:1, _n1x = x<width()-1?x+1:x-1, _n1y = y<height()-1?y+1:y-1;
+          cimg_get3x3(*this,x,y,z,0,I,T);
+          if (y%2) {
+            if (x%2) {
+              *ptr_r = (Tuchar)cimg::min(Ipp,Inn,Ipn,Inp);
+              *ptr_g = (Tuchar)cimg::min(Inc,Ipc,Icn,Icp);
+              *ptr_b = (Tuchar)Icc;
+            } else { *ptr_r = (Tuchar)cimg::min(Icn,Icp); *ptr_g = (Tuchar)Icc; *ptr_b = (Tuchar)cimg::min(Inc,Ipc); }
+          } else {
+            if (x%2) { *ptr_r = (Tuchar)cimg::min(Inc,Ipc); *ptr_g = (Tuchar)Icc; *ptr_b = (Tuchar)cimg::min(Icn,Icp); }
+            else {
+              *ptr_r = (Tuchar)Icc;
+              *ptr_g = (Tuchar)cimg::min(Inc,Ipc,Icn,Icp);
+              *ptr_b = (Tuchar)cimg::min(Ipp,Inn,Ipn,Inp);
+            }
+          }
+          ++ptr_r; ++ptr_g; ++ptr_b;
+        }
+      } break;
+      default : { // 0-filling interpolation
+        const T *ptrs = _data;
+        res.fill(0);
+        cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
+          const T val = *(ptrs++);
+          if (y%2) { if (x%2) *ptr_b = val; else *ptr_g = val; } else { if (x%2) *ptr_g = val; else *ptr_r = val; }
+          ++ptr_r; ++ptr_g; ++ptr_b;
+        }
+      }
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //------------------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Geometric / Spatial Manipulation
+    //@{
+    //------------------------------------------
+
+    static float _cimg_lanczos(const float x) {
+      if (x<=-2 || x>=2) return 0;
+      const float a = (float)cimg::PI*x, b = 0.5f*a;
+      return (float)(x?std::sin(a)*std::sin(b)/(a*b):1);
+    }
+
+    //! Resize image to new dimensions.
+    /**
+       \param size_x Number of columns (new size along the X-axis).
+       \param size_y Number of rows (new size along the Y-axis).
+       \param size_z Number of slices (new size along the Z-axis).
+       \param size_c Number of vector-channels (new size along the C-axis).
+       \param interpolation_type Method of interpolation:
+       - -1 = no interpolation: raw memory resizing.
+       - 0 = no interpolation: additional space is filled according to \p boundary_conditions.
+       - 1 = nearest-neighbor interpolation.
+       - 2 = moving average interpolation.
+       - 3 = linear interpolation.
+       - 4 = grid interpolation.
+       - 5 = cubic interpolation.
+       - 6 = lanczos interpolation.
+       \param boundary_conditions Border condition type.
+       \param centering_x Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
+       \param centering_y Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
+       \param centering_z Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
+       \param centering_c Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
+       \note If pd[x,y,z,v]<0, it corresponds to a percentage of the original size (the default value is -100).
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& resize(const int size_x, const int size_y=-100,
+                    const int size_z=-100, const int size_c=-100,
+                    const int interpolation_type=1, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=0,
+                    const float centering_x = 0, const float centering_y = 0,
+                    const float centering_z = 0, const float centering_c = 0) {
+      if (!size_x || !size_y || !size_z || !size_c) return assign();
+      const unsigned int
+        _sx = (unsigned int)(size_x<0?-size_x*width()/100:size_x),
+        _sy = (unsigned int)(size_y<0?-size_y*height()/100:size_y),
+        _sz = (unsigned int)(size_z<0?-size_z*depth()/100:size_z),
+        _sc = (unsigned int)(size_c<0?-size_c*spectrum()/100:size_c),
+        sx = _sx?_sx:1, sy = _sy?_sy:1, sz = _sz?_sz:1, sc = _sc?_sc:1;
+      if (sx==_width && sy==_height && sz==_depth && sc==_spectrum) return *this;
+      if (is_empty()) return assign(sx,sy,sz,sc,(T)0);
+      if (interpolation_type==-1 && sx*sy*sz*sc==size()) {
+	_width = sx; _height = sy; _depth = sz; _spectrum = sc;
+	return *this;
+      }
+      return get_resize(sx,sy,sz,sc,interpolation_type,boundary_conditions,
+                        centering_x,centering_y,centering_z,centering_c).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Resize image to new dimensions \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_resize(const int size_x, const int size_y = -100,
+                       const int size_z = -100, const int size_c = -100,
+                       const int interpolation_type=1, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=0,
+                       const float centering_x = 0, const float centering_y = 0,
+                       const float centering_z = 0, const float centering_c = 0) const {
+      if (centering_x<0 || centering_x>1 || centering_y<0 || centering_y>1 ||
+          centering_z<0 || centering_z>1 || centering_c<0 || centering_c>1)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "resize(): Specified centering arguments (%g,%g,%g,%g) are outside range [0,1].",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    centering_x,centering_y,centering_z,centering_c);
+
+      if (!size_x || !size_y || !size_z || !size_c) return CImg<T>();
+      const unsigned int
+        _sx = (unsigned int)(size_x<0?-size_x*width()/100:size_x),
+        _sy = (unsigned int)(size_y<0?-size_y*height()/100:size_y),
+        _sz = (unsigned int)(size_z<0?-size_z*depth()/100:size_z),
+        _sc = (unsigned int)(size_c<0?-size_c*spectrum()/100:size_c),
+        sx = _sx?_sx:1, sy = _sy?_sy:1, sz = _sz?_sz:1, sc = _sc?_sc:1;
+      if (sx==_width && sy==_height && sz==_depth && sc==_spectrum) return +*this;
+      if (is_empty()) return CImg<T>(sx,sy,sz,sc,0);
+
+      CImg<T> res;
+      switch (interpolation_type) {
+
+        // Raw resizing.
+        //
+      case -1 :
+        std::memcpy(res.assign(sx,sy,sz,sc,0)._data,_data,sizeof(T)*cimg::min(size(),sx*sy*sz*sc));
+        break;
+
+        // No interpolation.
+        //
+      case 0 : {
+        const int
+          xc = (int)(centering_x*((int)sx - width())),
+          yc = (int)(centering_y*((int)sy - height())),
+          zc = (int)(centering_z*((int)sz - depth())),
+          cc = (int)(centering_c*((int)sc - spectrum()));
+
+        switch (boundary_conditions) {
+        case 2 : { // Periodic borders.
+          res.assign(sx,sy,sz,sc);
+          const int
+            x0 = ((int)xc%width()) - width(),
+            y0 = ((int)yc%height()) - height(),
+            z0 = ((int)zc%depth()) - depth(),
+            c0 = ((int)cc%spectrum()) - spectrum();
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=65536)
+#endif
+          for (int c = c0; c<(int)sc; c+=spectrum())
+            for (int z = z0; z<(int)sz; z+=depth())
+              for (int y = y0; y<(int)sy; y+=height())
+                for (int x = x0; x<(int)sx; x+=width())
+                  res.draw_image(x,y,z,c,*this);
+        } break;
+        case 1 : { // Neumann borders.
+          res.assign(sx,sy,sz,sc).draw_image(xc,yc,zc,cc,*this);
+          CImg<T> sprite;
+          if (xc>0) {  // X-backward
+            res.get_crop(xc,yc,zc,cc,xc,yc+height()-1,zc+depth()-1,cc+spectrum()-1).move_to(sprite);
+            for (int x = xc-1; x>=0; --x) res.draw_image(x,yc,zc,cc,sprite);
+          }
+          if (xc+width()<(int)sx) { // X-forward
+            res.get_crop(xc+width()-1,yc,zc,cc,xc+width()-1,yc+height()-1,zc+depth()-1,cc+spectrum()-1).move_to(sprite);
+            for (int x = xc+width(); x<(int)sx; ++x) res.draw_image(x,yc,zc,cc,sprite);
+          }
+          if (yc>0) {  // Y-backward
+            res.get_crop(0,yc,zc,cc,sx-1,yc,zc+depth()-1,cc+spectrum()-1).move_to(sprite);
+            for (int y = yc-1; y>=0; --y) res.draw_image(0,y,zc,cc,sprite);
+          }
+          if (yc+height()<(int)sy) { // Y-forward
+            res.get_crop(0,yc+height()-1,zc,cc,sx-1,yc+height()-1,zc+depth()-1,cc+spectrum()-1).move_to(sprite);
+            for (int y = yc+height(); y<(int)sy; ++y) res.draw_image(0,y,zc,cc,sprite);
+          }
+          if (zc>0) {  // Z-backward
+            res.get_crop(0,0,zc,cc,sx-1,sy-1,zc,cc+spectrum()-1).move_to(sprite);
+            for (int z = zc-1; z>=0; --z) res.draw_image(0,0,z,cc,sprite);
+          }
+          if (zc+depth()<(int)sz) { // Z-forward
+            res.get_crop(0,0,zc+depth()-1,cc,sx-1,sy-1,zc+depth()-1,cc+spectrum()-1).move_to(sprite);
+            for (int z = zc+depth(); z<(int)sz; ++z) res.draw_image(0,0,z,cc,sprite);
+          }
+          if (cc>0) {  // C-backward
+            res.get_crop(0,0,0,cc,sx-1,sy-1,sz-1,cc).move_to(sprite);
+            for (int c = cc-1; c>=0; --c) res.draw_image(0,0,0,c,sprite);
+          }
+          if (cc+spectrum()<(int)sc) { // C-forward
+            res.get_crop(0,0,0,cc+spectrum()-1,sx-1,sy-1,sz-1,cc+spectrum()-1).move_to(sprite);
+            for (int c = cc+spectrum(); c<(int)sc; ++c) res.draw_image(0,0,0,c,sprite);
+          }
+        } break;
+        default : // Dirichlet borders.
+          res.assign(sx,sy,sz,sc,0).draw_image(xc,yc,zc,cc,*this);
+        }
+        break;
+      } break;
+
+        // Nearest neighbor interpolation.
+        //
+      case 1 : {
+        res.assign(sx,sy,sz,sc);
+        CImg<ulongT> off_x(sx), off_y(sy+1), off_z(sz+1), off_c(sc+1);
+        const unsigned long
+          wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height,
+          whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth,
+          sxy = (unsigned long)sx*sy,
+          sxyz = (unsigned long)sx*sy*sz;
+        if (sx==_width) off_x.fill(1);
+        else {
+          unsigned long *poff_x = off_x._data, curr = 0;
+          cimg_forX(res,x) { const unsigned long old = curr; curr = ((x+1LU)*_width/sx); *(poff_x++) = curr - old; }
+        }
+        if (sy==_height) off_y.fill(_width);
+        else {
+          unsigned long *poff_y = off_y._data, curr = 0;
+          cimg_forY(res,y) {
+            const unsigned long old = curr;
+            curr = ((y+1LU)*_height/sy);
+            *(poff_y++) = _width*(curr - old);
+          }
+          *poff_y = 0;
+        }
+        if (sz==_depth) off_z.fill(wh);
+        else {
+          unsigned long *poff_z = off_z._data, curr = 0;
+          cimg_forZ(res,z) {
+            const unsigned long old = curr;
+            curr = ((z+1LU)*_depth/sz);
+            *(poff_z++) = wh*(curr - old);
+          }
+          *poff_z = 0;
+        }
+        if (sc==_spectrum) off_c.fill(whd);
+        else {
+          unsigned long *poff_c = off_c._data, curr = 0;
+          cimg_forC(res,c) {
+            const unsigned long old = curr;
+            curr = ((c+1LU)*_spectrum/sc);
+            *(poff_c++) = whd*(curr - old);
+          }
+          *poff_c = 0;
+        }
+
+        T *ptrd = res._data;
+        const T* ptrc = _data;
+        const unsigned long *poff_c = off_c._data;
+        for (unsigned int c = 0; c<sc; ) {
+          const T *ptrz = ptrc;
+          const unsigned long *poff_z = off_z._data;
+          for (unsigned int z = 0; z<sz; ) {
+            const T *ptry = ptrz;
+            const unsigned long *poff_y = off_y._data;
+            for (unsigned int y = 0; y<sy; ) {
+              const T *ptrx = ptry;
+              const unsigned long *poff_x = off_x._data;
+              cimg_forX(res,x) { *(ptrd++) = *ptrx; ptrx+=*(poff_x++); }
+              ++y;
+              unsigned long dy = *(poff_y++);
+              for (;!dy && y<dy; std::memcpy(ptrd,ptrd - sx,sizeof(T)*sx), ++y, ptrd+=sx, dy = *(poff_y++)) {}
+              ptry+=dy;
+            }
+            ++z;
+            unsigned long dz = *(poff_z++);
+            for (;!dz && z<dz; std::memcpy(ptrd,ptrd-sxy,sizeof(T)*sxy), ++z, ptrd+=sxy, dz = *(poff_z++)) {}
+            ptrz+=dz;
+          }
+          ++c;
+          unsigned long dc = *(poff_c++);
+          for (;!dc && c<dc; std::memcpy(ptrd,ptrd-sxyz,sizeof(T)*sxyz), ++c, ptrd+=sxyz, dc = *(poff_c++)) {}
+          ptrc+=dc;
+        }
+      } break;
+
+        // Moving average.
+        //
+      case 2 : {
+        bool instance_first = true;
+        if (sx!=_width) {
+          CImg<Tfloat> tmp(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum,0);
+          for (unsigned int a = _width*sx, b = _width, c = sx, s = 0, t = 0; a; ) {
+            const unsigned int d = cimg::min(b,c);
+            a-=d; b-=d; c-=d;
+            cimg_forYZC(tmp,y,z,v) tmp(t,y,z,v)+=(Tfloat)(*this)(s,y,z,v)*d;
+            if (!b) {
+              cimg_forYZC(tmp,y,z,v) tmp(t,y,z,v)/=_width;
+              ++t;
+              b = _width;
+            }
+            if (!c) { ++s; c = sx; }
+          }
+          tmp.move_to(res);
+          instance_first = false;
+        }
+        if (sy!=_height) {
+          CImg<Tfloat> tmp(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum,0);
+          for (unsigned int a = _height*sy, b = _height, c = sy, s = 0, t = 0; a; ) {
+            const unsigned int d = cimg::min(b,c);
+            a-=d; b-=d; c-=d;
+            if (instance_first)
+              cimg_forXZC(tmp,x,z,v) tmp(x,t,z,v)+=(Tfloat)(*this)(x,s,z,v)*d;
+            else
+              cimg_forXZC(tmp,x,z,v) tmp(x,t,z,v)+=(Tfloat)res(x,s,z,v)*d;
+            if (!b) {
+              cimg_forXZC(tmp,x,z,v) tmp(x,t,z,v)/=_height;
+              ++t;
+              b = _height;
+            }
+            if (!c) { ++s; c = sy; }
+          }
+          tmp.move_to(res);
+          instance_first = false;
+        }
+        if (sz!=_depth) {
+          CImg<Tfloat> tmp(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum,0);
+          for (unsigned int a = _depth*sz, b = _depth, c = sz, s = 0, t = 0; a; ) {
+            const unsigned int d = cimg::min(b,c);
+            a-=d; b-=d; c-=d;
+            if (instance_first)
+              cimg_forXYC(tmp,x,y,v) tmp(x,y,t,v)+=(Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,s,v)*d;
+            else
+              cimg_forXYC(tmp,x,y,v) tmp(x,y,t,v)+=(Tfloat)res(x,y,s,v)*d;
+            if (!b) {
+              cimg_forXYC(tmp,x,y,v) tmp(x,y,t,v)/=_depth;
+              ++t;
+              b = _depth;
+            }
+            if (!c) { ++s; c = sz; }
+          }
+          tmp.move_to(res);
+          instance_first = false;
+        }
+        if (sc!=_spectrum) {
+          CImg<Tfloat> tmp(sx,sy,sz,sc,0);
+          for (unsigned int a = _spectrum*sc, b = _spectrum, c = sc, s = 0, t = 0; a; ) {
+            const unsigned int d = cimg::min(b,c);
+            a-=d; b-=d; c-=d;
+            if (instance_first)
+              cimg_forXYZ(tmp,x,y,z) tmp(x,y,z,t)+=(Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z,s)*d;
+            else
+              cimg_forXYZ(tmp,x,y,z) tmp(x,y,z,t)+=(Tfloat)res(x,y,z,s)*d;
+            if (!b) {
+              cimg_forXYZ(tmp,x,y,z) tmp(x,y,z,t)/=_spectrum;
+              ++t;
+              b = _spectrum;
+            }
+            if (!c) { ++s; c = sc; }
+          }
+          tmp.move_to(res);
+          instance_first = false;
+        }
+      } break;
+
+        // Linear interpolation.
+        //
+      case 3 : {
+        CImg<uintT> off(cimg::max(sx,sy,sz,sc));
+        CImg<floatT> foff(off._width);
+        CImg<T> resx, resy, resz, resc;
+
+        if (sx!=_width) {
+          if (_width==1) get_resize(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum,1).move_to(resx);
+          else {
+            if (_width>sx) get_resize(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum,2).move_to(resx);
+            else {
+              const float fx = (!boundary_conditions && sx>_width)?(sx>1?(_width-1.0f)/(sx-1):0):(float)_width/sx;
+              resx.assign(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+              float curr = 0, old = 0;
+              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+              float *pfoff = foff._data;
+              cimg_forX(resx,x) {
+                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
+                old = curr;
+                curr+=fx;
+                *(poff++) = (unsigned int)curr - (unsigned int)old;
+              }
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resx.size()>=65536)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(resx,y,z,c) {
+                const T *ptrs = data(0,y,z,c), *const ptrsmax = ptrs + (_width-1);
+                T *ptrd = resx.data(0,y,z,c);
+                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
+                cimg_forX(resx,x) {
+                  const float alpha = *(pfoff++);
+                  const T val1 = *ptrs, val2 = ptrs<ptrsmax?*(ptrs+1):val1;
+                  *(ptrd++) = (T)((1-alpha)*val1 + alpha*val2);
+                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        } else resx.assign(*this,true);
+
+        if (sy!=_height) {
+          if (_height==1) resx.get_resize(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum,1).move_to(resy);
+          else {
+            if (_height>sy) resx.get_resize(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum,2).move_to(resy);
+            else {
+              const float fy = (!boundary_conditions && sy>_height)?(sy>1?(_height-1.0f)/(sy-1):0):(float)_height/sy;
+              resy.assign(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum);
+              float curr = 0, old = 0;
+              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+              float *pfoff = foff._data;
+              cimg_forY(resy,y) {
+                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
+                old = curr;
+                curr+=fy;
+                *(poff++) = sx*((unsigned int)curr-(unsigned int)old);
+              }
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resy.size()>=65536)
+#endif
+              cimg_forXZC(resy,x,z,c) {
+                const T *ptrs = resx.data(x,0,z,c), *const ptrsmax = ptrs + (_height-1)*sx;
+                T *ptrd = resy.data(x,0,z,c);
+                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
+                cimg_forY(resy,y) {
+                  const float alpha = *(pfoff++);
+                  const T val1 = *ptrs, val2 = ptrs<ptrsmax?*(ptrs+sx):val1;
+                  *ptrd = (T)((1-alpha)*val1 + alpha*val2);
+                  ptrd+=sx;
+                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          resx.assign();
+        } else resy.assign(resx,true);
+
+        if (sz!=_depth) {
+          if (_depth==1) resy.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum,1).move_to(resz);
+          else {
+            if (_depth>sz) resy.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum,2).move_to(resz);
+            else {
+              const float fz = (!boundary_conditions && sz>_depth)?(sz>1?(_depth-1.0f)/(sz-1):0):(float)_depth/sz;
+              const unsigned int sxy = sx*sy;
+              resz.assign(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum);
+              float curr = 0, old = 0;
+              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+              float *pfoff = foff._data;
+              cimg_forZ(resz,z) {
+                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
+                old = curr;
+                curr+=fz;
+                *(poff++) = sxy*((unsigned int)curr - (unsigned int)old);
+              }
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resz.size()>=65536)
+#endif
+              cimg_forXYC(resz,x,y,c) {
+                const T *ptrs = resy.data(x,y,0,c), *const ptrsmax = ptrs + (_depth-1)*sxy;
+                T *ptrd = resz.data(x,y,0,c);
+                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
+                cimg_forZ(resz,z) {
+                  const float alpha = *(pfoff++);
+                  const T val1 = *ptrs, val2 = ptrs<ptrsmax?*(ptrs+sxy):val1;
+                  *ptrd = (T)((1-alpha)*val1 + alpha*val2);
+                  ptrd+=sxy;
+                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          resy.assign();
+        } else resz.assign(resy,true);
+
+        if (sc!=_spectrum) {
+          if (_spectrum==1) resz.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,sc,1).move_to(resc);
+          else {
+            if (_spectrum>sc) resz.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,sc,2).move_to(resc);
+            else {
+              const float fc = (!boundary_conditions && sc>_spectrum)?(sc>1?(_spectrum-1.0f)/(sc-1):0):
+                (float)_spectrum/sc;
+              const unsigned int sxyz = sx*sy*sz;
+              resc.assign(sx,sy,sz,sc);
+              float curr = 0, old = 0;
+              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+              float *pfoff = foff._data;
+              cimg_forC(resc,c) {
+                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
+                old = curr;
+                curr+=fc;
+                *(poff++) = sxyz*((unsigned int)curr - (unsigned int)old);
+              }
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resc.size()>=65536)
+#endif
+              cimg_forXYZ(resc,x,y,z) {
+                const T *ptrs = resz.data(x,y,z,0), *const ptrsmax = ptrs + (_spectrum-1)*sxyz;
+                T *ptrd = resc.data(x,y,z,0);
+                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
+                cimg_forC(resc,c) {
+                  const float alpha = *(pfoff++);
+                  const T val1 = *ptrs, val2 = ptrs<ptrsmax?*(ptrs+sxyz):val1;
+                  *ptrd = (T)((1-alpha)*val1 + alpha*val2);
+                  ptrd+=sxyz;
+                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          resz.assign();
+        } else resc.assign(resz,true);
+        return resc._is_shared?(resz._is_shared?(resy._is_shared?(resx._is_shared?(+(*this)):resx):resy):resz):resc;
+      } break;
+
+        // Grid interpolation.
+        //
+      case 4 : {
+        CImg<T> resx, resy, resz, resc;
+        if (sx!=_width) {
+          if (sx<_width) get_resize(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum,1).move_to(resx);
+          else {
+            resx.assign(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum,0);
+            const int dx = sx*2, dy = width()*2;
+            int err = (int)(dy + centering_x*(sx*dy/width() - dy)), xs = 0;
+            cimg_forX(resx,x) if ((err-=dy)<=0) {
+              cimg_forYZC(resx,y,z,c) resx(x,y,z,c) = (*this)(xs,y,z,c);
+              ++xs;
+              err+=dx;
+            }
+          }
+        } else resx.assign(*this,true);
+
+        if (sy!=_height) {
+          if (sy<_height) resx.get_resize(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum,1).move_to(resy);
+          else {
+            resy.assign(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum,0);
+            const int dx = sy*2, dy = height()*2;
+            int err = (int)(dy + centering_y*(sy*dy/height() - dy)), ys = 0;
+            cimg_forY(resy,y) if ((err-=dy)<=0) {
+              cimg_forXZC(resy,x,z,c) resy(x,y,z,c) = resx(x,ys,z,c);
+              ++ys;
+              err+=dx;
+            }
+          }
+          resx.assign();
+        } else resy.assign(resx,true);
+
+        if (sz!=_depth) {
+          if (sz<_depth) resy.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum,1).move_to(resz);
+          else {
+            resz.assign(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum,0);
+            const int dx = sz*2, dy = depth()*2;
+            int err = (int)(dy + centering_z*(sz*dy/depth() - dy)), zs = 0;
+            cimg_forZ(resz,z) if ((err-=dy)<=0) {
+              cimg_forXYC(resz,x,y,c) resz(x,y,z,c) = resy(x,y,zs,c);
+              ++zs;
+              err+=dx;
+            }
+          }
+          resy.assign();
+        } else resz.assign(resy,true);
+
+        if (sc!=_spectrum) {
+          if (sc<_spectrum) resz.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,sc,1).move_to(resc);
+          else {
+            resc.assign(sx,sy,sz,sc,0);
+            const int dx = sc*2, dy = spectrum()*2;
+            int err = (int)(dy + centering_c*(sc*dy/spectrum() - dy)), cs = 0;
+            cimg_forC(resc,c) if ((err-=dy)<=0) {
+              cimg_forXYZ(resc,x,y,z) resc(x,y,z,c) = resz(x,y,z,cs);
+              ++cs;
+              err+=dx;
+            }
+          }
+          resz.assign();
+        } else resc.assign(resz,true);
+
+        return resc._is_shared?(resz._is_shared?(resy._is_shared?(resx._is_shared?(+(*this)):resx):resy):resz):resc;
+      } break;
+
+        // Cubic interpolation.
+        //
+      case 5 : {
+        const Tfloat vmin = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::min(), vmax = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::max();
+        CImg<uintT> off(cimg::max(sx,sy,sz,sc));
+        CImg<floatT> foff(off._width);
+        CImg<T> resx, resy, resz, resc;
+
+        if (sx!=_width) {
+          if (_width==1) get_resize(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum,1).move_to(resx);
+          else {
+            if (_width>sx) get_resize(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum,2).move_to(resx);
+            else {
+              const float fx = (!boundary_conditions && sx>_width)?(sx>1?(_width-1.0f)/(sx-1):0):(float)_width/sx;
+              resx.assign(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+              float curr = 0, old = 0;
+              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+              float *pfoff = foff._data;
+              cimg_forX(resx,x) {
+                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
+                old = curr;
+                curr+=fx;
+                *(poff++) = (unsigned int)curr - (unsigned int)old;
+              }
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resx.size()>=65536)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(resx,y,z,c) {
+                const T *const ptrs0 = data(0,y,z,c), *ptrs = ptrs0, *const ptrsmax = ptrs + (_width-2);
+                T *ptrd = resx.data(0,y,z,c);
+                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
+                cimg_forX(resx,x) {
+                  const float t = *(pfoff++);
+                  const Tfloat
+                    val1 = (Tfloat)*ptrs,
+                    val0 = ptrs>ptrs0?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-1):val1,
+                    val2 = ptrs<=ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+1):val1,
+                    val3 = ptrs<ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+2):val2,
+                    val = val1 + 0.5f*(t*(-val0+val2) + t*t*(2*val0-5*val1+4*val2-val3) +
+                                       t*t*t*(-val0+3*val1-3*val2+val3));
+                  *(ptrd++) = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
+                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        } else resx.assign(*this,true);
+
+        if (sy!=_height) {
+          if (_height==1) resx.get_resize(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum,1).move_to(resy);
+          else {
+            if (_height>sy) resx.get_resize(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum,2).move_to(resy);
+            else {
+              const float fy = (!boundary_conditions && sy>_height)?(sy>1?(_height-1.0f)/(sy-1):0):(float)_height/sy;
+              resy.assign(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum);
+              float curr = 0, old = 0;
+              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+              float *pfoff = foff._data;
+              cimg_forY(resy,y) {
+                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
+                old = curr;
+                curr+=fy;
+                *(poff++) = sx*((unsigned int)curr-(unsigned int)old);
+              }
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resy.size()>=65536)
+#endif
+              cimg_forXZC(resy,x,z,c) {
+                const T *const ptrs0 = resx.data(x,0,z,c), *ptrs = ptrs0, *const ptrsmax = ptrs + (_height-2)*sx;
+                T *ptrd = resy.data(x,0,z,c);
+                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
+                cimg_forY(resy,y) {
+                  const float t = *(pfoff++);
+                  const Tfloat
+                    val1 = (Tfloat)*ptrs,
+                    val0 = ptrs>ptrs0?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-sx):val1,
+                    val2 = ptrs<=ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+sx):val1,
+                    val3 = ptrs<ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+2*sx):val2,
+                    val = val1 + 0.5f*(t*(-val0+val2) + t*t*(2*val0-5*val1+4*val2-val3) +
+                                       t*t*t*(-val0+3*val1-3*val2+val3));
+                  *ptrd = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
+                  ptrd+=sx;
+                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          resx.assign();
+        } else resy.assign(resx,true);
+
+        if (sz!=_depth) {
+          if (_depth==1) resy.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum,1).move_to(resz);
+          else {
+            if (_depth>sz) resy.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum,2).move_to(resz);
+            else {
+              const float fz = (!boundary_conditions && sz>_depth)?(sz>1?(_depth-1.0f)/(sz-1):0):(float)_depth/sz;
+              const unsigned int sxy = sx*sy;
+              resz.assign(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum);
+              float curr = 0, old = 0;
+              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+              float *pfoff = foff._data;
+              cimg_forZ(resz,z) {
+                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
+                old = curr;
+                curr+=fz;
+                *(poff++) = sxy*((unsigned int)curr - (unsigned int)old);
+              }
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resz.size()>=65536)
+#endif
+              cimg_forXYC(resz,x,y,c) {
+                const T *const ptrs0 = resy.data(x,y,0,c), *ptrs = ptrs0, *const ptrsmax = ptrs + (_depth-2)*sxy;
+                T *ptrd = resz.data(x,y,0,c);
+                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
+                cimg_forZ(resz,z) {
+                  const float t = *(pfoff++);
+                  const Tfloat
+                    val1 = (Tfloat)*ptrs,
+                    val0 = ptrs>ptrs0?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-sxy):val1,
+                    val2 = ptrs<=ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+sxy):val1,
+                    val3 = ptrs<ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+2*sxy):val2,
+                    val = val1 + 0.5f*(t*(-val0+val2) + t*t*(2*val0-5*val1+4*val2-val3) +
+                                       t*t*t*(-val0+3*val1-3*val2+val3));
+                  *ptrd = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
+                  ptrd+=sxy;
+                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          resy.assign();
+        } else resz.assign(resy,true);
+
+        if (sc!=_spectrum) {
+          if (_spectrum==1) resz.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,sc,1).move_to(resc);
+          else {
+            if (_spectrum>sc) resz.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,sc,2).move_to(resc);
+            else {
+              const float fc = (!boundary_conditions && sc>_spectrum)?(sc>1?(_spectrum-1.0f)/(sc-1):0):
+                (float)_spectrum/sc;
+              const unsigned int sxyz = sx*sy*sz;
+              resc.assign(sx,sy,sz,sc);
+              float curr = 0, old = 0;
+              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+              float *pfoff = foff._data;
+              cimg_forC(resc,c) {
+                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
+                old = curr;
+                curr+=fc;
+                *(poff++) = sxyz*((unsigned int)curr - (unsigned int)old);
+              }
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resc.size()>=65536)
+#endif
+              cimg_forXYZ(resc,x,y,z) {
+                const T *const ptrs0 = resz.data(x,y,z,0), *ptrs = ptrs0, *const ptrsmax = ptrs + (_spectrum-2)*sxyz;
+                T *ptrd = resc.data(x,y,z,0);
+                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
+                cimg_forC(resc,c) {
+                  const float t = *(pfoff++);
+                  const Tfloat
+                    val1 = (Tfloat)*ptrs,
+                    val0 = ptrs>ptrs0?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-sxyz):val1,
+                    val2 = ptrs<=ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+sxyz):val1,
+                    val3 = ptrs<ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+2*sxyz):val2,
+                    val = val1 + 0.5f*(t*(-val0+val2) + t*t*(2*val0-5*val1+4*val2-val3) +
+                                       t*t*t*(-val0+3*val1-3*val2+val3));
+                  *ptrd = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
+                  ptrd+=sxyz;
+                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          resz.assign();
+        } else resc.assign(resz,true);
+
+        return resc._is_shared?(resz._is_shared?(resy._is_shared?(resx._is_shared?(+(*this)):resx):resy):resz):resc;
+      } break;
+
+        // Lanczos interpolation.
+        //
+      case 6 : {
+        const Tfloat vmin = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::min(), vmax = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::max();
+        CImg<uintT> off(cimg::max(sx,sy,sz,sc));
+        CImg<floatT> foff(off._width);
+        CImg<T> resx, resy, resz, resc;
+
+        if (sx!=_width) {
+          if (_width==1) get_resize(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum,1).move_to(resx);
+          else {
+            if (_width>sx) get_resize(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum,2).move_to(resx);
+            else {
+              const float fx = (!boundary_conditions && sx>_width)?(sx>1?(_width-1.0f)/(sx-1):0):(float)_width/sx;
+              resx.assign(sx,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+              float curr = 0, old = 0;
+              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+              float *pfoff = foff._data;
+              cimg_forX(resx,x) {
+                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
+                old = curr;
+                curr+=fx;
+                *(poff++) = (unsigned int)curr - (unsigned int)old;
+              }
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resx.size()>=65536)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(resx,y,z,c) {
+                const T *const ptrs0 = data(0,y,z,c), *ptrs = ptrs0, *const ptrsmin = ptrs0 + 1,
+                  *const ptrsmax = ptrs0 + (_width-2);
+                T *ptrd = resx.data(0,y,z,c);
+                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
+                cimg_forX(resx,x) {
+                  const float
+                    t = *(pfoff++),
+                    w0 = _cimg_lanczos(t+2),
+                    w1 = _cimg_lanczos(t+1),
+                    w2 = _cimg_lanczos(t),
+                    w3 = _cimg_lanczos(t-1),
+                    w4 = _cimg_lanczos(t-2);
+                  const Tfloat
+                    val2 = (Tfloat)*ptrs,
+                    val1 = ptrs>=ptrsmin?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-1):val2,
+                    val0 = ptrs>ptrsmin?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-2):val1,
+                    val3 = ptrs<=ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+1):val2,
+                    val4 = ptrs<ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+2):val3,
+                    val = (val0*w0 + val1*w1 + val2*w2 + val3*w3 + val4*w4)/(w1 + w2 + w3 + w4);
+                  *(ptrd++) = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
+                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        } else resx.assign(*this,true);
+
+        if (sy!=_height) {
+          if (_height==1) resx.get_resize(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum,1).move_to(resy);
+          else {
+            if (_height>sy) resx.get_resize(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum,2).move_to(resy);
+            else {
+              const float fy = (!boundary_conditions && sy>_height)?(sy>1?(_height-1.0f)/(sy-1):0):(float)_height/sy;
+              resy.assign(sx,sy,_depth,_spectrum);
+              float curr = 0, old = 0;
+              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+              float *pfoff = foff._data;
+              cimg_forY(resy,y) {
+                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
+                old = curr;
+                curr+=fy;
+                *(poff++) = sx*((unsigned int)curr-(unsigned int)old);
+              }
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resy.size()>=65536)
+#endif
+              cimg_forXZC(resy,x,z,c) {
+                const T *const ptrs0 = resx.data(x,0,z,c), *ptrs = ptrs0, *const ptrsmin = ptrs0 + sx,
+                  *const ptrsmax = ptrs0 + (_height-2)*sx;
+                T *ptrd = resy.data(x,0,z,c);
+                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
+                cimg_forY(resy,y) {
+                  const float
+                    t = *(pfoff++),
+                    w0 = _cimg_lanczos(t+2),
+                    w1 = _cimg_lanczos(t+1),
+                    w2 = _cimg_lanczos(t),
+                    w3 = _cimg_lanczos(t-1),
+                    w4 = _cimg_lanczos(t-2);
+                  const Tfloat
+                    val2 = (Tfloat)*ptrs,
+                    val1 = ptrs>=ptrsmin?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-sx):val2,
+                    val0 = ptrs>ptrsmin?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-2*sx):val1,
+                    val3 = ptrs<=ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+sx):val2,
+                    val4 = ptrs<ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+2*sx):val3,
+                    val = (val0*w0 + val1*w1 + val2*w2 + val3*w3 + val4*w4)/(w1 + w2 + w3 + w4);
+                  *ptrd = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
+                  ptrd+=sx;
+                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          resx.assign();
+        } else resy.assign(resx,true);
+
+        if (sz!=_depth) {
+          if (_depth==1) resy.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum,1).move_to(resz);
+          else {
+            if (_depth>sz) resy.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum,2).move_to(resz);
+            else {
+              const float fz = (!boundary_conditions && sz>_depth)?(sz>1?(_depth-1.0f)/(sz-1):0):(float)_depth/sz;
+              const unsigned int sxy = sx*sy;
+              resz.assign(sx,sy,sz,_spectrum);
+              float curr = 0, old = 0;
+              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+              float *pfoff = foff._data;
+              cimg_forZ(resz,z) {
+                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
+                old = curr;
+                curr+=fz;
+                *(poff++) = sxy*((unsigned int)curr - (unsigned int)old);
+              }
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resz.size()>=65536)
+#endif
+              cimg_forXYC(resz,x,y,c) {
+                const T *const ptrs0 = resy.data(x,y,0,c), *ptrs = ptrs0, *const ptrsmin = ptrs0 + sxy,
+                  *const ptrsmax = ptrs0 + (_depth-2)*sxy;
+                T *ptrd = resz.data(x,y,0,c);
+                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
+                cimg_forZ(resz,z) {
+                  const float
+                    t = *(pfoff++),
+                    w0 = _cimg_lanczos(t+2),
+                    w1 = _cimg_lanczos(t+1),
+                    w2 = _cimg_lanczos(t),
+                    w3 = _cimg_lanczos(t-1),
+                    w4 = _cimg_lanczos(t-2);
+                  const Tfloat
+                    val2 = (Tfloat)*ptrs,
+                    val1 = ptrs>=ptrsmin?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-sxy):val2,
+                    val0 = ptrs>ptrsmin?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-2*sxy):val1,
+                    val3 = ptrs<=ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+sxy):val2,
+                    val4 = ptrs<ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+2*sxy):val3,
+                    val = (val0*w0 + val1*w1 + val2*w2 + val3*w3 + val4*w4)/(w1 + w2 + w3 + w4);
+                  *ptrd = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
+                  ptrd+=sxy;
+                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          resy.assign();
+        } else resz.assign(resy,true);
+
+        if (sc!=_spectrum) {
+          if (_spectrum==1) resz.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,sc,1).move_to(resc);
+          else {
+            if (_spectrum>sc) resz.get_resize(sx,sy,sz,sc,2).move_to(resc);
+            else {
+              const float fc = (!boundary_conditions && sc>_spectrum)?(sc>1?(_spectrum-1.0f)/(sc-1):0):
+                (float)_spectrum/sc;
+              const unsigned int sxyz = sx*sy*sz;
+              resc.assign(sx,sy,sz,sc);
+              float curr = 0, old = 0;
+              unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+              float *pfoff = foff._data;
+              cimg_forC(resc,c) {
+                *(pfoff++) = curr - (unsigned int)curr;
+                old = curr;
+                curr+=fc;
+                *(poff++) = sxyz*((unsigned int)curr - (unsigned int)old);
+              }
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (resc.size()>=65536)
+#endif
+              cimg_forXYZ(resc,x,y,z) {
+                const T *const ptrs0 = resz.data(x,y,z,0), *ptrs = ptrs0, *const ptrsmin = ptrs0 + sxyz,
+                  *const ptrsmax = ptrs + (_spectrum-2)*sxyz;
+                T *ptrd = resc.data(x,y,z,0);
+                const unsigned int *poff = off._data;
+                const float *pfoff = foff._data;
+                cimg_forC(resc,c) {
+                  const float
+                    t = *(pfoff++),
+                    w0 = _cimg_lanczos(t+2),
+                    w1 = _cimg_lanczos(t+1),
+                    w2 = _cimg_lanczos(t),
+                    w3 = _cimg_lanczos(t-1),
+                    w4 = _cimg_lanczos(t-2);
+                  const Tfloat
+                    val2 = (Tfloat)*ptrs,
+                    val1 = ptrs>=ptrsmin?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-sxyz):val2,
+                    val0 = ptrs>ptrsmin?(Tfloat)*(ptrs-2*sxyz):val1,
+                    val3 = ptrs<=ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+sxyz):val2,
+                    val4 = ptrs<ptrsmax?(Tfloat)*(ptrs+2*sxyz):val3,
+                    val = (val0*w0 + val1*w1 + val2*w2 + val3*w3 + val4*w4)/(w1 + w2 + w3 + w4);
+                  *ptrd = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
+                  ptrd+=sxyz;
+                  ptrs+=*(poff++);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          resz.assign();
+        } else resc.assign(resz,true);
+
+        return resc._is_shared?(resz._is_shared?(resy._is_shared?(resx._is_shared?(+(*this)):resx):resy):resz):resc;
+      } break;
+
+        // Unknow interpolation.
+        //
+      default :
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "resize(): Invalid specified interpolation %d "
+                                    "(should be { -1=raw | 0=none | 1=nearest | 2=average | 3=linear | 4=grid | "
+                                    "5=cubic | 6=lanczos }).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    interpolation_type);
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Resize image to dimensions of another image.
+    /**
+       \param src Reference image used for dimensions.
+       \param interpolation_type Interpolation method.
+       \param boundary_conditions Boundary conditions.
+       \param centering_x Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
+       \param centering_y Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
+       \param centering_z Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
+       \param centering_c Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
+     **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& resize(const CImg<t>& src,
+                    const int interpolation_type=1, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=0,
+                    const float centering_x = 0, const float centering_y = 0,
+                    const float centering_z = 0, const float centering_c = 0) {
+      return resize(src._width,src._height,src._depth,src._spectrum,interpolation_type,boundary_conditions,
+                    centering_x,centering_y,centering_z,centering_c);
+    }
+
+    //! Resize image to dimensions of another image \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> get_resize(const CImg<t>& src,
+                       const int interpolation_type=1, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=0,
+                       const float centering_x = 0, const float centering_y = 0,
+                       const float centering_z = 0, const float centering_c = 0) const {
+      return get_resize(src._width,src._height,src._depth,src._spectrum,interpolation_type,boundary_conditions,
+                        centering_x,centering_y,centering_z,centering_c);
+    }
+
+    //! Resize image to dimensions of a display window.
+    /**
+       \param disp Reference display window used for dimensions.
+       \param interpolation_type Interpolation method.
+       \param boundary_conditions Boundary conditions.
+       \param centering_x Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
+       \param centering_y Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
+       \param centering_z Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
+       \param centering_c Set centering type (only if \p interpolation_type=0).
+     **/
+    CImg<T>& resize(const CImgDisplay& disp,
+                    const int interpolation_type=1, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=0,
+                    const float centering_x = 0, const float centering_y = 0,
+                    const float centering_z = 0, const float centering_c = 0) {
+      return resize(disp.width(),disp.height(),_depth,_spectrum,interpolation_type,boundary_conditions,
+                    centering_x,centering_y,centering_z,centering_c);
+    }
+
+    //! Resize image to dimensions of a display window \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_resize(const CImgDisplay& disp,
+                       const int interpolation_type=1, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=0,
+                       const float centering_x = 0, const float centering_y = 0,
+                       const float centering_z = 0, const float centering_c = 0) const {
+      return get_resize(disp.width(),disp.height(),_depth,_spectrum,interpolation_type,boundary_conditions,
+                        centering_x,centering_y,centering_z,centering_c);
+    }
+
+    //! Resize image to half-size along XY axes, using an optimized filter.
+    CImg<T>& resize_halfXY() {
+      return get_resize_halfXY().move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Resize image to half-size along XY axes, using an optimized filter \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_resize_halfXY() const {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const Tfloat mask[9] = { 0.07842776544f, 0.1231940459f, 0.07842776544f,
+                              0.1231940459f,  0.1935127547f, 0.1231940459f,
+                              0.07842776544f, 0.1231940459f, 0.07842776544f };
+      T I[9] = { 0 };
+      CImg<T> res(_width/2,_height/2,_depth,_spectrum);
+      T *ptrd = res._data;
+      cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,T)
+        if (x%2 && y%2) *(ptrd++) = (T)
+                          (I[0]*mask[0] + I[1]*mask[1] + I[2]*mask[2] +
+                           I[3]*mask[3] + I[4]*mask[4] + I[5]*mask[5] +
+                           I[6]*mask[6] + I[7]*mask[7] + I[8]*mask[8]);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Resize image to double-size, using the Scale2X algorithm.
+    /**
+       \note Use anisotropic upscaling algorithm
+       <a href="http://scale2x.sourceforge.net/algorithm.html">described here</a>.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& resize_doubleXY() {
+      return get_resize_doubleXY().move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Resize image to double-size, using the Scale2X algorithm \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_resize_doubleXY() const {
+#define _cimg_gs2x_for3(bound,i) \
+ for (int i = 0, _p1##i = 0, \
+      _n1##i = 1>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:1; \
+      _n1##i<(int)(bound) || i==--_n1##i; \
+      _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ptrd1+=(res)._width, ptrd2+=(res)._width)
+
+#define _cimg_gs2x_for3x3(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  _cimg_gs2x_for3((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
+   _p1##x = 0, \
+   _n1##x = (int)( \
+   (I[1] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[3] = I[4] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[7] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)),	\
+   1>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:1); \
+   (_n1##x<(img).width() && ( \
+   (I[2] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)),1)) || \
+   x==--_n1##x; \
+   I[1] = I[2], \
+   I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], \
+   I[7] = I[8], \
+   _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x)
+
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      CImg<T> res(_width<<1,_height<<1,_depth,_spectrum);
+      CImg_3x3(I,T);
+      cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
+        T
+          *ptrd1 = res.data(0,0,z,c),
+          *ptrd2 = ptrd1 + res._width;
+        _cimg_gs2x_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,T) {
+          if (Icp!=Icn && Ipc!=Inc) {
+            *(ptrd1++) = Ipc==Icp?Ipc:Icc;
+            *(ptrd1++) = Icp==Inc?Inc:Icc;
+            *(ptrd2++) = Ipc==Icn?Ipc:Icc;
+            *(ptrd2++) = Icn==Inc?Inc:Icc;
+          } else { *(ptrd1++) = Icc; *(ptrd1++) = Icc; *(ptrd2++) = Icc; *(ptrd2++) = Icc; }
+        }
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Resize image to triple-size, using the Scale3X algorithm.
+    /**
+       \note Use anisotropic upscaling algorithm
+       <a href="http://scale2x.sourceforge.net/algorithm.html">described here</a>.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& resize_tripleXY() {
+      return get_resize_tripleXY().move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Resize image to triple-size, using the Scale3X algorithm \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_resize_tripleXY() const {
+#define _cimg_gs3x_for3(bound,i) \
+ for (int i = 0, _p1##i = 0, \
+      _n1##i = 1>=(bound)?(int)(bound)-1:1; \
+      _n1##i<(int)(bound) || i==--_n1##i; \
+      _p1##i = i++, ++_n1##i, ptrd1+=2*(res)._width, ptrd2+=2*(res)._width, ptrd3+=2*(res)._width)
+
+#define _cimg_gs3x_for3x3(img,x,y,z,c,I,T) \
+  _cimg_gs3x_for3((img)._height,y) for (int x = 0, \
+   _p1##x = 0, \
+   _n1##x = (int)( \
+   (I[0] = I[1] = (T)(img)(_p1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[3] = I[4] = (T)(img)(0,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[6] = I[7] = (T)(img)(0,_n1##y,z,c)),	\
+   1>=(img)._width?(img).width()-1:1); \
+   (_n1##x<(img).width() && ( \
+   (I[2] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_p1##y,z,c)), \
+   (I[5] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,y,z,c)), \
+   (I[8] = (T)(img)(_n1##x,_n1##y,z,c)),1)) || \
+   x==--_n1##x; \
+   I[0] = I[1], I[1] = I[2], \
+   I[3] = I[4], I[4] = I[5], \
+   I[6] = I[7], I[7] = I[8], \
+   _p1##x = x++, ++_n1##x)
+
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      CImg<T> res(3*_width,3*_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+      CImg_3x3(I,T);
+      cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
+        T
+          *ptrd1 = res.data(0,0,z,c),
+          *ptrd2 = ptrd1 + res._width,
+          *ptrd3 = ptrd2 + res._width;
+        _cimg_gs3x_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,T) {
+          if (Icp != Icn && Ipc != Inc) {
+            *(ptrd1++) = Ipc==Icp?Ipc:Icc;
+            *(ptrd1++) = (Ipc==Icp && Icc!=Inp) || (Icp==Inc && Icc!=Ipp)?Icp:Icc;
+            *(ptrd1++) = Icp==Inc?Inc:Icc;
+            *(ptrd2++) = (Ipc==Icp && Icc!=Ipn) || (Ipc==Icn && Icc!=Ipp)?Ipc:Icc;
+            *(ptrd2++) = Icc;
+            *(ptrd2++) = (Icp==Inc && Icc!=Inn) || (Icn==Inc && Icc!=Inp)?Inc:Icc;
+            *(ptrd3++) = Ipc==Icn?Ipc:Icc;
+            *(ptrd3++) = (Ipc==Icn && Icc!=Inn) || (Icn==Inc && Icc!=Ipn)?Icn:Icc;
+            *(ptrd3++) = Icn==Inc?Inc:Icc;
+          } else {
+            *(ptrd1++) = Icc; *(ptrd1++) = Icc; *(ptrd1++) = Icc;
+            *(ptrd2++) = Icc; *(ptrd2++) = Icc; *(ptrd2++) = Icc;
+            *(ptrd3++) = Icc; *(ptrd3++) = Icc; *(ptrd3++) = Icc;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Mirror image content along specified axis.
+    /**
+       \param axis Mirror axis
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& mirror(const char axis) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      T *pf, *pb, *buf = 0;
+      switch (cimg::uncase(axis)) {
+      case 'x' : {
+        pf = _data; pb = data(_width-1);
+        const unsigned int width2 = _width/2;
+        for (unsigned int yzv = 0; yzv<_height*_depth*_spectrum; ++yzv) {
+          for (unsigned int x = 0; x<width2; ++x) { const T val = *pf; *(pf++) = *pb; *(pb--) = val; }
+          pf+=_width - width2;
+          pb+=_width + width2;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 'y' : {
+        buf = new T[_width];
+        pf = _data; pb = data(0,_height-1);
+        const unsigned int height2 = _height/2;
+        for (unsigned int zv = 0; zv<_depth*_spectrum; ++zv) {
+          for (unsigned int y = 0; y<height2; ++y) {
+            std::memcpy(buf,pf,_width*sizeof(T));
+            std::memcpy(pf,pb,_width*sizeof(T));
+            std::memcpy(pb,buf,_width*sizeof(T));
+            pf+=_width;
+            pb-=_width;
+          }
+          pf+=(unsigned long)_width*(_height - height2);
+          pb+=(unsigned long)_width*(_height + height2);
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 'z' : {
+        buf = new T[(unsigned long)_width*_height];
+        pf = _data; pb = data(0,0,_depth-1);
+        const unsigned int depth2 = _depth/2;
+        cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+          for (unsigned int z = 0; z<depth2; ++z) {
+            std::memcpy(buf,pf,_width*_height*sizeof(T));
+            std::memcpy(pf,pb,_width*_height*sizeof(T));
+            std::memcpy(pb,buf,_width*_height*sizeof(T));
+            pf+=(unsigned long)_width*_height;
+            pb-=(unsigned long)_width*_height;
+          }
+          pf+=(unsigned long)_width*_height*(_depth - depth2);
+          pb+=(unsigned long)_width*_height*(_depth + depth2);
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 'c' : {
+        buf = new T[(unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth];
+        pf = _data; pb = data(0,0,0,_spectrum-1);
+        const unsigned int _spectrum2 = _spectrum/2;
+        for (unsigned int v = 0; v<_spectrum2; ++v) {
+          std::memcpy(buf,pf,_width*_height*_depth*sizeof(T));
+          std::memcpy(pf,pb,_width*_height*_depth*sizeof(T));
+          std::memcpy(pb,buf,_width*_height*_depth*sizeof(T));
+          pf+=(unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+          pb-=(unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+        }
+      } break;
+      default :
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "mirror(): Invalid specified axis '%c'.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    axis);
+      }
+      delete[] buf;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Mirror image content along specified axis \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_mirror(const char axis) const {
+      return (+*this).mirror(axis);
+    }
+
+    //! Mirror image content along specified axes.
+    /**
+       \param axes Mirror axes, as a C-string.
+       \note \c axes may contains multiple character, e.g. \c "xyz"
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& mirror(const char *const axes) {
+      for (const char *s = axes; *s; s++) mirror(*s);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Mirror image content along specified axes \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_mirror(const char *const axes) const {
+      return (+*this).mirror(axes);
+    }
+
+    //! Shift image content.
+    /**
+       \param delta_x Amount of displacement along the X-axis.
+       \param delta_y Amount of displacement along the Y-axis.
+       \param delta_z Amount of displacement along the Z-axis.
+       \param delta_c Amount of displacement along the C-axis.
+       \param boundary_conditions Border condition.
+
+       - \c boundary_conditions can be:
+          - 0: Zero border condition (Dirichlet).
+          - 1: Nearest neighbors (Neumann).
+          - 2: Repeat Pattern (Fourier style).
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& shift(const int delta_x, const int delta_y=0, const int delta_z=0, const int delta_c=0,
+                   const int boundary_conditions=0) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (delta_x) // Shift along X-axis
+        switch (boundary_conditions) {
+        case 0 :
+          if (cimg::abs(delta_x)>=width()) return fill(0);
+          if (delta_x<0) cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+            std::memmove(data(0,y,z,c),data(-delta_x,y,z,c),(_width+delta_x)*sizeof(T));
+            std::memset(data(_width+delta_x,y,z,c),0,-delta_x*sizeof(T));
+          } else cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+            std::memmove(data(delta_x,y,z,c),data(0,y,z,c),(_width-delta_x)*sizeof(T));
+            std::memset(data(0,y,z,c),0,delta_x*sizeof(T));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 1 :
+          if (delta_x<0) {
+            const int ndelta_x = (-delta_x>=width())?width()-1:-delta_x;
+            if (!ndelta_x) return *this;
+            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+              std::memmove(data(0,y,z,c),data(ndelta_x,y,z,c),(_width-ndelta_x)*sizeof(T));
+              T *ptrd = data(_width-1,y,z,c);
+              const T val = *ptrd;
+              for (int l = 0; l<ndelta_x-1; ++l) *(--ptrd) = val;
+            }
+          } else {
+            const int ndelta_x = (delta_x>=width())?width()-1:delta_x;
+            if (!ndelta_x) return *this;
+            cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+              std::memmove(data(ndelta_x,y,z,c),data(0,y,z,c),(_width-ndelta_x)*sizeof(T));
+              T *ptrd = data(0,y,z,c);
+              const T val = *ptrd;
+              for (int l = 0; l<ndelta_x-1; ++l) *(++ptrd) = val;
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        default : {
+          const int ml = cimg::mod(-delta_x,width()), ndelta_x = (ml<=width()/2)?ml:(ml-width());
+          if (!ndelta_x) return *this;
+          T *const buf = new T[cimg::abs(ndelta_x)];
+          if (ndelta_x>0) cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+            std::memcpy(buf,data(0,y,z,c),ndelta_x*sizeof(T));
+            std::memmove(data(0,y,z,c),data(ndelta_x,y,z,c),(_width-ndelta_x)*sizeof(T));
+            std::memcpy(data(_width-ndelta_x,y,z,c),buf,ndelta_x*sizeof(T));
+          } else cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+            std::memcpy(buf,data(_width+ndelta_x,y,z,c),-ndelta_x*sizeof(T));
+            std::memmove(data(-ndelta_x,y,z,c),data(0,y,z,c),(_width+ndelta_x)*sizeof(T));
+            std::memcpy(data(0,y,z,c),buf,-ndelta_x*sizeof(T));
+          }
+          delete[] buf;
+        }
+        }
+
+      if (delta_y) // Shift along Y-axis
+        switch (boundary_conditions) {
+        case 0 :
+          if (cimg::abs(delta_y)>=height()) return fill(0);
+          if (delta_y<0) cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
+            std::memmove(data(0,0,z,c),data(0,-delta_y,z,c),_width*(_height+delta_y)*sizeof(T));
+            std::memset(data(0,_height+delta_y,z,c),0,-delta_y*_width*sizeof(T));
+          } else cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
+            std::memmove(data(0,delta_y,z,c),data(0,0,z,c),_width*(_height-delta_y)*sizeof(T));
+            std::memset(data(0,0,z,c),0,delta_y*_width*sizeof(T));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 1 :
+          if (delta_y<0) {
+            const int ndelta_y = (-delta_y>=height())?height()-1:-delta_y;
+            if (!ndelta_y) return *this;
+            cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
+              std::memmove(data(0,0,z,c),data(0,ndelta_y,z,c),_width*(_height-ndelta_y)*sizeof(T));
+              T *ptrd = data(0,_height-ndelta_y,z,c), *ptrs = data(0,_height-1,z,c);
+              for (int l = 0; l<ndelta_y-1; ++l) { std::memcpy(ptrd,ptrs,_width*sizeof(T)); ptrd+=_width; }
+            }
+          } else {
+            const int ndelta_y = (delta_y>=height())?height()-1:delta_y;
+            if (!ndelta_y) return *this;
+            cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
+              std::memmove(data(0,ndelta_y,z,c),data(0,0,z,c),_width*(_height-ndelta_y)*sizeof(T));
+              T *ptrd = data(0,1,z,c), *ptrs = data(0,0,z,c);
+              for (int l = 0; l<ndelta_y-1; ++l) { std::memcpy(ptrd,ptrs,_width*sizeof(T)); ptrd+=_width; }
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        default : {
+          const int ml = cimg::mod(-delta_y,height()), ndelta_y = (ml<=height()/2)?ml:(ml-height());
+          if (!ndelta_y) return *this;
+          T *const buf = new T[(unsigned long)_width*cimg::abs(ndelta_y)];
+          if (ndelta_y>0) cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
+            std::memcpy(buf,data(0,0,z,c),_width*ndelta_y*sizeof(T));
+            std::memmove(data(0,0,z,c),data(0,ndelta_y,z,c),_width*(_height-ndelta_y)*sizeof(T));
+            std::memcpy(data(0,_height-ndelta_y,z,c),buf,_width*ndelta_y*sizeof(T));
+          } else cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
+            std::memcpy(buf,data(0,_height+ndelta_y,z,c),-ndelta_y*_width*sizeof(T));
+            std::memmove(data(0,-ndelta_y,z,c),data(0,0,z,c),_width*(_height+ndelta_y)*sizeof(T));
+            std::memcpy(data(0,0,z,c),buf,-ndelta_y*_width*sizeof(T));
+          }
+          delete[] buf;
+        }
+        }
+
+      if (delta_z) // Shift along Z-axis
+        switch (boundary_conditions) {
+        case 0 :
+          if (cimg::abs(delta_z)>=depth()) return fill(0);
+          if (delta_z<0) cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            std::memmove(data(0,0,0,c),data(0,0,-delta_z,c),_width*_height*(_depth+delta_z)*sizeof(T));
+            std::memset(data(0,0,_depth+delta_z,c),0,_width*_height*(-delta_z)*sizeof(T));
+          } else cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            std::memmove(data(0,0,delta_z,c),data(0,0,0,c),_width*_height*(_depth-delta_z)*sizeof(T));
+            std::memset(data(0,0,0,c),0,delta_z*_width*_height*sizeof(T));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 1 :
+          if (delta_z<0) {
+            const int ndelta_z = (-delta_z>=depth())?depth()-1:-delta_z;
+            if (!ndelta_z) return *this;
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              std::memmove(data(0,0,0,c),data(0,0,ndelta_z,c),_width*_height*(_depth-ndelta_z)*sizeof(T));
+              T *ptrd = data(0,0,_depth-ndelta_z,c), *ptrs = data(0,0,_depth-1,c);
+              for (int l = 0; l<ndelta_z-1; ++l) {
+                std::memcpy(ptrd,ptrs,_width*_height*sizeof(T)); ptrd+=(unsigned long)_width*_height;
+              }
+            }
+          } else {
+            const int ndelta_z = (delta_z>=depth())?depth()-1:delta_z;
+            if (!ndelta_z) return *this;
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              std::memmove(data(0,0,ndelta_z,c),data(0,0,0,c),_width*_height*(_depth-ndelta_z)*sizeof(T));
+              T *ptrd = data(0,0,1,c), *ptrs = data(0,0,0,c);
+              for (int l = 0; l<ndelta_z-1; ++l) {
+                std::memcpy(ptrd,ptrs,_width*_height*sizeof(T)); ptrd+=(unsigned long)_width*_height;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        default : {
+          const int ml = cimg::mod(-delta_z,depth()), ndelta_z = (ml<=depth()/2)?ml:(ml-depth());
+          if (!ndelta_z) return *this;
+          T *const buf = new T[(unsigned long)_width*_height*cimg::abs(ndelta_z)];
+          if (ndelta_z>0) cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            std::memcpy(buf,data(0,0,0,c),_width*_height*ndelta_z*sizeof(T));
+            std::memmove(data(0,0,0,c),data(0,0,ndelta_z,c),_width*_height*(_depth-ndelta_z)*sizeof(T));
+            std::memcpy(data(0,0,_depth-ndelta_z,c),buf,_width*_height*ndelta_z*sizeof(T));
+          } else cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            std::memcpy(buf,data(0,0,_depth+ndelta_z,c),-ndelta_z*_width*_height*sizeof(T));
+            std::memmove(data(0,0,-ndelta_z,c),data(0,0,0,c),_width*_height*(_depth+ndelta_z)*sizeof(T));
+            std::memcpy(data(0,0,0,c),buf,-ndelta_z*_width*_height*sizeof(T));
+          }
+          delete[] buf;
+        }
+        }
+
+      if (delta_c) // Shift along C-axis
+        switch (boundary_conditions) {
+        case 0 :
+          if (cimg::abs(delta_c)>=spectrum()) return fill(0);
+          if (delta_c<0) {
+            std::memmove(_data,data(0,0,0,-delta_c),_width*_height*_depth*(_spectrum+delta_c)*sizeof(T));
+            std::memset(data(0,0,0,_spectrum+delta_c),0,_width*_height*_depth*(-delta_c)*sizeof(T));
+          } else {
+            std::memmove(data(0,0,0,delta_c),_data,_width*_height*_depth*(_spectrum-delta_c)*sizeof(T));
+            std::memset(_data,0,delta_c*_width*_height*_depth*sizeof(T));
+          }
+          break;
+        case 1 :
+          if (delta_c<0) {
+            const int ndelta_c = (-delta_c>=spectrum())?spectrum()-1:-delta_c;
+            if (!ndelta_c) return *this;
+            std::memmove(_data,data(0,0,0,ndelta_c),_width*_height*_depth*(_spectrum-ndelta_c)*sizeof(T));
+            T *ptrd = data(0,0,0,_spectrum-ndelta_c), *ptrs = data(0,0,0,_spectrum-1);
+            for (int l = 0; l<ndelta_c-1; ++l) {
+              std::memcpy(ptrd,ptrs,_width*_height*_depth*sizeof(T)); ptrd+=(unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+            }
+          } else {
+            const int ndelta_c = (delta_c>=spectrum())?spectrum()-1:delta_c;
+            if (!ndelta_c) return *this;
+            std::memmove(data(0,0,0,ndelta_c),_data,_width*_height*_depth*(_spectrum-ndelta_c)*sizeof(T));
+            T *ptrd = data(0,0,0,1);
+            for (int l = 0; l<ndelta_c-1; ++l) {
+              std::memcpy(ptrd,_data,_width*_height*_depth*sizeof(T)); ptrd+=(unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        default : {
+          const int ml = cimg::mod(-delta_c,spectrum()), ndelta_c = (ml<=spectrum()/2)?ml:(ml-spectrum());
+          if (!ndelta_c) return *this;
+          T *const buf = new T[(unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth*cimg::abs(ndelta_c)];
+          if (ndelta_c>0) {
+            std::memcpy(buf,_data,_width*_height*_depth*ndelta_c*sizeof(T));
+            std::memmove(_data,data(0,0,0,ndelta_c),_width*_height*_depth*(_spectrum-ndelta_c)*sizeof(T));
+            std::memcpy(data(0,0,0,_spectrum-ndelta_c),buf,_width*_height*_depth*ndelta_c*sizeof(T));
+          } else {
+            std::memcpy(buf,data(0,0,0,_spectrum+ndelta_c),-ndelta_c*_width*_height*_depth*sizeof(T));
+            std::memmove(data(0,0,0,-ndelta_c),_data,_width*_height*_depth*(_spectrum+ndelta_c)*sizeof(T));
+            std::memcpy(_data,buf,-ndelta_c*_width*_height*_depth*sizeof(T));
+          }
+          delete[] buf;
+        }
+        }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Shift image content \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_shift(const int delta_x, const int delta_y=0, const int delta_z=0, const int delta_c=0,
+                          const int boundary_conditions=0) const {
+      return (+*this).shift(delta_x,delta_y,delta_z,delta_c,boundary_conditions);
+    }
+
+    //! Permute axes order.
+    /**
+       \param order Axes permutations, as a C-string of 4 characters.
+       This function permutes image content regarding the specified axes permutation.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& permute_axes(const char *const order) {
+      return get_permute_axes(order).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Permute axes order \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_permute_axes(const char *const order) const {
+      const T foo = (T)0;
+      return _get_permute_axes(order,foo);
+    }
+
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<t> _get_permute_axes(const char *const permut, const t&) const {
+      if (is_empty() || !permut) return CImg<t>(*this,false);
+      CImg<t> res;
+      const T* ptrs = _data;
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"xyzc",4)) return +*this;
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"xycz",4)) {
+	res.assign(_width,_height,_spectrum,_depth);
+        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(x,y,c,z,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"xzyc",4)) {
+	res.assign(_width,_depth,_height,_spectrum);
+        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(x,z,y,c,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"xzcy",4)) {
+	res.assign(_width,_depth,_spectrum,_height);
+        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(x,z,c,y,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"xcyz",4)) {
+	res.assign(_width,_spectrum,_height,_depth);
+        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(x,c,y,z,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"xczy",4)) {
+	res.assign(_width,_spectrum,_depth,_height);
+        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(x,c,z,y,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"yxzc",4)) {
+	res.assign(_height,_width,_depth,_spectrum);
+        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(y,x,z,c,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"yxcz",4)) {
+	res.assign(_height,_width,_spectrum,_depth);
+        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(y,x,c,z,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"yzxc",4)) {
+	res.assign(_height,_depth,_width,_spectrum);
+        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(y,z,x,c,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"yzcx",4)) {
+	res.assign(_height,_depth,_spectrum,_width);
+	switch (_width) {
+	case 1 : {
+	  t *ptr_r = res.data(0,0,0,0);
+	  for (unsigned int siz = _height*_depth*_spectrum; siz; --siz) {
+	    *(ptr_r++) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+	  }
+	} break;
+	case 2 : {
+	  t *ptr_r = res.data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = res.data(0,0,0,1);
+	  for (unsigned int siz = _height*_depth*_spectrum; siz; --siz) {
+	    *(ptr_r++) = (t)*(ptrs++); *(ptr_g++) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+	  }
+	} break;
+	case 3 : { // Optimization for the classical conversion from interleaved RGB to planar RGB
+	  t *ptr_r = res.data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = res.data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = res.data(0,0,0,2);
+	  for (unsigned int siz = _height*_depth*_spectrum; siz; --siz) {
+	    *(ptr_r++) = (t)*(ptrs++); *(ptr_g++) = (t)*(ptrs++); *(ptr_b++) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+	  }
+	} break;
+	case 4 : { // Optimization for the classical conversion from interleaved RGBA to planar RGBA
+	  t *ptr_r = res.data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = res.data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = res.data(0,0,0,2), *ptr_a = res.data(0,0,0,3);
+	  for (unsigned int siz = _height*_depth*_spectrum; siz; --siz) {
+	    *(ptr_r++) = (t)*(ptrs++); *(ptr_g++) = (t)*(ptrs++); *(ptr_b++) = (t)*(ptrs++); *(ptr_a++) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+	  }
+	} break;
+	default : {
+          const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	  cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(y,z,c,x,wh,whd) = *(ptrs++);
+          return res;
+	}
+	}
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"ycxz",4)) {
+	res.assign(_height,_spectrum,_width,_depth);
+        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(y,c,x,z,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"yczx",4)) {
+	res.assign(_height,_spectrum,_depth,_width);
+        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(y,c,z,x,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"zxyc",4)) {
+	res.assign(_depth,_width,_height,_spectrum);
+        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(z,x,y,c,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"zxcy",4)) {
+	res.assign(_depth,_width,_spectrum,_height);
+        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(z,x,c,y,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"zyxc",4)) {
+	res.assign(_depth,_height,_width,_spectrum);
+        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(z,y,x,c,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"zycx",4)) {
+	res.assign(_depth,_height,_spectrum,_width);
+        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(z,y,c,x,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"zcxy",4)) {
+	res.assign(_depth,_spectrum,_width,_height);
+        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(z,c,x,y,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"zcyx",4)) {
+	res.assign(_depth,_spectrum,_height,_width);
+        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(z,c,y,x,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"cxyz",4)) {
+	res.assign(_spectrum,_width,_height,_depth);
+	switch (_spectrum) {
+	case 1 : {
+	  const T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0);
+	  t *ptrd = res._data;
+	  for (unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; siz; --siz) *(ptrd++) = (t)*(ptr_r++);
+	} break;
+	case 2 : {
+	  const T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1);
+	  t *ptrd = res._data;
+	  for (unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; siz; --siz) {
+	    *(ptrd++) = (t)*(ptr_r++); *(ptrd++) = (t)*(ptr_g++);
+	  }
+	} break;
+	case 3 : { // Optimization for the classical conversion from planar RGB to interleaved RGB
+	  const T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2);
+	  t *ptrd = res._data;
+	  for (unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; siz; --siz) {
+	    *(ptrd++) = (t)*(ptr_r++); *(ptrd++) = (t)*(ptr_g++); *(ptrd++) = (t)*(ptr_b++);
+	  }
+	} break;
+	case 4 : { // Optimization for the classical conversion from planar RGBA to interleaved RGBA
+	  const T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2), *ptr_a = data(0,0,0,3);
+	  t *ptrd = res._data;
+	  for (unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth; siz; --siz) {
+	    *(ptrd++) = (t)*(ptr_r++); *(ptrd++) = (t)*(ptr_g++); *(ptrd++) = (t)*(ptr_b++); *(ptrd++) = (t)*(ptr_a++);
+	  }
+	} break;
+	default : {
+          const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	  cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(c,x,y,z,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+	}
+	}
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"cxzy",4)) {
+	res.assign(_spectrum,_width,_depth,_height);
+        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(c,x,z,y,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"cyxz",4)) {
+	res.assign(_spectrum,_height,_width,_depth);
+        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(c,y,x,z,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"cyzx",4)) {
+	res.assign(_spectrum,_height,_depth,_width);
+        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(c,y,z,x,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"czxy",4)) {
+	res.assign(_spectrum,_depth,_width,_height);
+        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(c,z,x,y,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(permut,"czyx",4)) {
+	res.assign(_spectrum,_depth,_height,_width);
+        const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)res._width*res._height, whd = wh*res._depth;
+	cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) res(c,z,y,x,wh,whd) = (t)*(ptrs++);
+      }
+      if (!res)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "permute_axes(): Invalid specified permutation '%s'.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    permut);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Unroll pixel values along specified axis.
+    /**
+       \param axis Unroll axis (can be \c 'x', \c 'y', \c 'z' or c 'c').
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& unroll(const char axis) {
+      const unsigned int siz = size();
+      if (siz) switch (axis) {
+      case 'x' : _width = siz; _height = _depth = _spectrum = 1; break;
+      case 'y' : _height = siz; _width = _depth = _spectrum = 1; break;
+      case 'z' : _depth = siz; _width = _height = _spectrum = 1; break;
+      default : _spectrum = siz; _width = _height = _depth = 1;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Unroll pixel values along specified axis \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_unroll(const char axis) const {
+      return (+*this).unroll(axis);
+    }
+
+    //! Rotate image with arbitrary angle.
+    /**
+       \param angle Rotation angle, in degrees.
+       \param interpolation Type of interpolation. Can be <tt>{ 0=nearest | 1=linear | 2=cubic }</tt>.
+       \param boundary Boundary conditions. Can be <tt>{  0=dirichlet | 1=neumann | 2=periodic }</tt>.
+       \note Most of the time, size of the image is modified.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& rotate(const float angle, const unsigned int interpolation=1, const unsigned int boundary=0) {
+      const float nangle = cimg::mod(angle,360.0f);
+      if (nangle==0.0f) return *this;
+      return get_rotate(angle,interpolation,boundary).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Rotate image with arbitrary angle \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_rotate(const float angle, const unsigned int interpolation=1, const unsigned int boundary=0) const {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      CImg<T> res;
+      const float nangle = cimg::mod(angle,360.0f);
+      if (boundary!=1 && cimg::mod(nangle,90.0f)==0) { // Optimized version for orthogonal angles.
+        const int wm1 = width() - 1, hm1 = height() - 1;
+        const int iangle = (int)nangle/90;
+        switch (iangle) {
+        case 1 : { // 90 deg.
+          res.assign(_height,_width,_depth,_spectrum);
+          T *ptrd = res._data;
+          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c) *(ptrd++) = (*this)(y,hm1-x,z,c);
+        } break;
+        case 2 : { // 180 deg.
+          res.assign(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+          T *ptrd = res._data;
+          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c) *(ptrd++) = (*this)(wm1-x,hm1-y,z,c);
+        } break;
+        case 3 : { // 270 deg.
+          res.assign(_height,_width,_depth,_spectrum);
+          T *ptrd = res._data;
+          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c) *(ptrd++) = (*this)(wm1-y,x,z,c);
+        } break;
+        default : // 0 deg.
+          return *this;
+        }
+      } else { // Generic angle.
+        const Tfloat vmin = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::min(), vmax = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::max();
+        const float
+          rad = (float)(nangle*cimg::PI/180.0),
+          ca = (float)std::cos(rad),
+          sa = (float)std::sin(rad),
+          ux = cimg::abs(_width*ca), uy = cimg::abs(_width*sa),
+          vx = cimg::abs(_height*sa), vy = cimg::abs(_height*ca),
+          w2 = 0.5f*_width, h2 = 0.5f*_height,
+          dw2 = 0.5f*(ux+vx), dh2 = 0.5f*(uy+vy);
+        res.assign((int)(ux+vx),(int)(uy+vy),_depth,_spectrum);
+        switch (boundary) {
+        case 0 : { // Dirichlet boundaries.
+          switch (interpolation) {
+          case 2 : { // Cubic interpolation.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c) {
+              const Tfloat val = cubic_atXY(w2 + (x-dw2)*ca + (y-dh2)*sa,h2 - (x-dw2)*sa + (y-dh2)*ca,z,c,0);
+              res(x,y,z,c) = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
+            }
+          } break;
+          case 1 : { // Linear interpolation.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
+              res(x,y,z,c) = (T)linear_atXY(w2 + (x-dw2)*ca + (y-dh2)*sa,h2 - (x-dw2)*sa + (y-dh2)*ca,z,c,0);
+          } break;
+          default : { // Nearest-neighbor interpolation.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
+              res(x,y,z,c) = atXY((int)(w2 + (x-dw2)*ca + (y-dh2)*sa),(int)(h2 - (x-dw2)*sa + (y-dh2)*ca),z,c,0);
+          }
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 1 : { // Neumann boundaries.
+          switch (interpolation) {
+          case 2 : { // Cubic interpolation.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c) {
+              const Tfloat val = _cubic_atXY(w2 + (x-dw2)*ca + (y-dh2)*sa,h2 - (x-dw2)*sa + (y-dh2)*ca,z,c);
+              res(x,y,z,c) = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
+            }
+          } break;
+          case 1 : { // Linear interpolation.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
+              res(x,y,z,c) = (T)_linear_atXY(w2 + (x-dw2)*ca + (y-dh2)*sa,h2 - (x-dw2)*sa + (y-dh2)*ca,z,c);
+          } break;
+          default : { // Nearest-neighbor interpolation.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
+              res(x,y,z,c) = _atXY((int)(w2 + (x-dw2)*ca + (y-dh2)*sa),(int)(h2 - (x-dw2)*sa + (y-dh2)*ca),z,c);
+          }
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 2 : { // Periodic boundaries.
+          switch (interpolation) {
+          case 2 : { // Cubic interpolation.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c) {
+              const Tfloat val = _cubic_atXY(cimg::mod(w2 + (x-dw2)*ca + (y-dh2)*sa,(float)width()),
+                                             cimg::mod(h2 - (x-dw2)*sa + (y-dh2)*ca,(float)height()),z,c);
+              res(x,y,z,c) = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
+            }
+          } break;
+          case 1 : { // Linear interpolation.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
+              res(x,y,z,c) = (T)_linear_atXY(cimg::mod(w2 + (x-dw2)*ca + (y-dh2)*sa,(float)width()),
+                                             cimg::mod(h2 - (x-dw2)*sa + (y-dh2)*ca,(float)height()),z,c);
+          } break;
+          default : { // Nearest-neighbor interpolation.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
+              res(x,y,z,c) = (*this)(cimg::mod((int)(w2 + (x-dw2)*ca + (y-dh2)*sa),width()),
+                                     cimg::mod((int)(h2 - (x-dw2)*sa + (y-dh2)*ca),height()),z,c);
+          }
+          }
+        } break;
+	default :
+	  throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                      "rotate(): Invalid specified border conditions %d "
+                                      "(should be { 0=dirichlet | 1=neumann | 2=periodic }).",
+				      cimg_instance,
+                                      boundary);
+        }
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Rotate image with arbitrary angle, around a center point.
+    /**
+       \param angle Rotation angle, in degrees.
+       \param cx X-coordinate of the rotation center.
+       \param cy Y-coordinate of the rotation center.
+       \param zoom Zoom factor.
+       \param boundary_conditions Boundary conditions. Can be <tt>{ 0=dirichlet | 1=neumann | 2=periodic }</tt>.
+       \param interpolation_type Type of interpolation. Can be <tt>{ 0=nearest | 1=linear | 2=cubic }</tt>.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& rotate(const float angle, const float cx, const float cy, const float zoom,
+                    const unsigned int interpolation=1, const unsigned int boundary=3) {
+      return get_rotate(angle,cx,cy,zoom,interpolation,boundary).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Rotate image with arbitrary angle, around a center point \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_rotate(const float angle, const float cx, const float cy, const float zoom,
+                       const unsigned int interpolation=1, const unsigned int boundary=3) const {
+      if (interpolation>2)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "rotate(): Invalid specified interpolation type %d "
+                                    "(should be { 0=none | 1=linear | 2=cubic }).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    interpolation);
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      CImg<T> res(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+      const Tfloat vmin = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::min(), vmax = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::max();
+      const float
+        rad = (float)((angle*cimg::PI)/180.0),
+        ca = (float)std::cos(rad)/zoom,
+        sa = (float)std::sin(rad)/zoom;
+      switch (boundary) {
+      case 0 : {
+        switch (interpolation) {
+        case 2 : {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
+#endif
+          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c) {
+            const Tfloat val = cubic_atXY(cx + (x-cx)*ca + (y-cy)*sa,cy - (x-cx)*sa + (y-cy)*ca,z,c,0);
+            res(x,y,z,c) = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 1 : {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
+#endif
+          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
+            res(x,y,z,c) = (T)linear_atXY(cx + (x-cx)*ca + (y-cy)*sa,cy - (x-cx)*sa + (y-cy)*ca,z,c,0);
+        } break;
+        default : {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
+#endif
+          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
+            res(x,y,z,c) = atXY((int)(cx + (x-cx)*ca + (y-cy)*sa),(int)(cy - (x-cx)*sa + (y-cy)*ca),z,c,0);
+        }
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 1 : {
+        switch (interpolation) {
+        case 2 : {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
+#endif
+          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c) {
+            const Tfloat val = _cubic_atXY(cx + (x-cx)*ca + (y-cy)*sa,cy - (x-cx)*sa + (y-cy)*ca,z,c);
+            res(x,y,z,c) = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 1 : {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
+#endif
+          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
+            res(x,y,z,c) = (T)_linear_atXY(cx + (x-cx)*ca + (y-cy)*sa,cy - (x-cx)*sa + (y-cy)*ca,z,c);
+        } break;
+        default : {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
+#endif
+          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
+            res(x,y,z,c) = _atXY((int)(cx + (x-cx)*ca + (y-cy)*sa),(int)(cy - (x-cx)*sa + (y-cy)*ca),z,c);
+        }
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 2 : {
+        switch (interpolation) {
+        case 2 : {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
+#endif
+          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c) {
+            const Tfloat val = _cubic_atXY(cimg::mod(cx + (x-cx)*ca + (y-cy)*sa,(float)width()),
+                                           cimg::mod(cy - (x-cx)*sa + (y-cy)*ca,(float)height()),z,c);
+            res(x,y,z,c) = (T)(val<vmin?vmin:val>vmax?vmax:val);
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 1 : {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
+#endif
+          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
+            res(x,y,z,c) = (T)_linear_atXY(cimg::mod(cx + (x-cx)*ca + (y-cy)*sa,(float)width()),
+                                           cimg::mod(cy - (x-cx)*sa + (y-cy)*ca,(float)height()),z,c);
+        } break;
+        default : {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=2048)
+#endif
+          cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c)
+            res(x,y,z,c) = (*this)(cimg::mod((int)(cx + (x-cx)*ca + (y-cy)*sa),width()),
+                                    cimg::mod((int)(cy - (x-cx)*sa + (y-cy)*ca),height()),z,c);
+        }
+        }
+      } break;
+      default :
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "rotate(): Invalid specified border conditions %d "
+                                    "(should be { 0=dirichlet | 1=neumann | 2=periodic }).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    boundary);
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Warp image content by a warping field.
+    /**
+       \param warp Warping field.
+       \param is_relative Tells if warping field gives absolute or relative warping coordinates.
+       \param interpolation Can be <tt>{ 0=nearest | 1=linear | 2=cubic }</tt>.
+       \param boundary_conditions Boundary conditions. Can be <tt>{ 0=dirichlet | 1=neumann | 2=periodic }</tt>.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& warp(const CImg<t>& warp, const bool is_relative=false,
+                  const unsigned int interpolation=1, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=0) {
+      return get_warp(warp,is_relative,interpolation,boundary_conditions).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Warp image content by a warping field \newinstance
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> get_warp(const CImg<t>& warp, const bool is_relative=false,
+                     const unsigned int interpolation=1, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=0) const {
+      if (is_empty() || !warp) return *this;
+      if (is_relative && !is_sameXYZ(warp))
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "warp(): Instance and specified relative warping field (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) "
+                                    "have different XYZ dimensions.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    warp._width,warp._height,warp._depth,warp._spectrum,warp._data);
+
+      CImg<T> res(warp._width,warp._height,warp._depth,_spectrum);
+
+      if (warp._spectrum==1) { // 1d warping.
+        if (is_relative) { // Relative warp.
+          if (interpolation==2) { // Cubic interpolation.
+            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atX(cimg::mod(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),y,z,c);
+              }
+            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atX(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y,z,c);
+              }
+            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)cubic_atX(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y,z,c,0);
+              }
+          } else if (interpolation==1) { // Linear interpolation.
+            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atX(cimg::mod(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),y,z,c);
+              }
+            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atX(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y,z,c);
+              }
+            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)linear_atX(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y,z,c,0);
+              }
+          } else { // Nearest-neighbor interpolation.
+            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (*this)(cimg::mod(x - (int)*(ptrs0++),(int)_width),y,z,c);
+              }
+            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = _atX(x - (int)*(ptrs0++),y,z,c);
+              }
+            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = atX(x - (int)*(ptrs0++),y,z,c,0);
+              }
+          }
+        } else { // Absolute warp.
+          if (interpolation==2) { // Cubic interpolation.
+            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atX(cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),0,0,c);
+              }
+            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atX((float)*(ptrs0++),0,0,c);
+              }
+            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)cubic_atX((float)*(ptrs0++),0,0,c,0);
+              }
+          } else if (interpolation==1) { // Linear interpolation.
+            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atX(cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),0,0,c);
+              }
+            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atX((float)*(ptrs0++),0,0,c);
+              }
+            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)linear_atX((float)*(ptrs0++),0,0,c,0);
+              }
+          } else { // Nearest-neighbor interpolation.
+            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (*this)(cimg::mod((int)*(ptrs0++),(int)_width),0,0,c);
+              }
+            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = _atX((int)*(ptrs0++),0,0,c);
+              }
+            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = atX((int)*(ptrs0++),0,0,c,0);
+              }
+          }
+        }
+
+      } else if (warp._spectrum==2) { // 2d warping.
+        if (is_relative) { // Relative warp.
+          if (interpolation==2) { // Cubic interpolation.
+            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atXY(cimg::mod(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),
+                                                            cimg::mod(y - (float)*(ptrs1++),(float)_height),z,c);
+              }
+            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atXY(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y - (float)*(ptrs1++),z,c);
+              }
+            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)cubic_atXY(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y - (float)*(ptrs1++),z,c,0);
+              }
+          } else if (interpolation==1) { // Linear interpolation.
+            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atXY(cimg::mod(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),
+                                                             cimg::mod(y - (float)*(ptrs1++),(float)_height),z,c);
+              }
+            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atXY(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y - (float)*(ptrs1++),z,c);
+              }
+            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)linear_atXY(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y - (float)*(ptrs1++),z,c,0);
+              }
+          } else { // Nearest-neighbor interpolation.
+            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (*this)(cimg::mod(x - (int)*(ptrs0++),(int)_width),
+                                                     cimg::mod(y - (int)*(ptrs1++),(int)_height),z,c);
+              }
+            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = _atXY(x - (int)*(ptrs0++),y - (int)*(ptrs1++),z,c);
+              }
+            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = atXY(x - (int)*(ptrs0++),y - (int)*(ptrs1++),z,c,0);
+              }
+          }
+        } else { // Absolute warp.
+          if (interpolation==2) { // Cubic interpolation.
+            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atXY(cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),
+                                                            cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs1++),(float)_height),0,c);
+              }
+            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atXY((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)*(ptrs1++),0,c);
+              }
+            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)cubic_atXY((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)*(ptrs1++),0,c,0);
+              }
+          } else if (interpolation==1) { // Linear interpolation.
+            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atXY(cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),
+                                                             cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs1++),(float)_height),0,c);
+              }
+            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atXY((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)*(ptrs1++),0,c);
+              }
+            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)linear_atXY((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)*(ptrs1++),0,c,0);
+              }
+          } else { // Nearest-neighbor interpolation.
+            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (*this)(cimg::mod((int)*(ptrs0++),(int)_width),
+                                                     cimg::mod((int)*(ptrs1++),(int)_height),0,c);
+              }
+            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = _atXY((int)*(ptrs0++),(int)*(ptrs1++),0,c);
+              }
+            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1); T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = atXY((int)*(ptrs0++),(int)*(ptrs1++),0,c,0);
+              }
+          }
+        }
+
+      } else if (warp._spectrum==3) { // 3d warping.
+        if (is_relative) { // Relative warp.
+          if (interpolation==2) { // Cubic interpolation.
+            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
+                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atXYZ(cimg::mod(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),
+                                                             cimg::mod(y - (float)*(ptrs1++),(float)_height),
+                                                             cimg::mod(z - (float)*(ptrs2++),(float)_depth),c);
+              }
+            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
+                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x)
+                  *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atXYZ(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y - (float)*(ptrs1++),z - (float)*(ptrs2++),c);
+              }
+            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
+                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x)
+                  *(ptrd++) = (T)cubic_atXYZ(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y - (float)*(ptrs1++),z - (float)*(ptrs2++),c,0);
+              }
+          } else if (interpolation==1) { // Linear interpolation.
+            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
+                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atXYZ(cimg::mod(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),
+                                                              cimg::mod(y - (float)*(ptrs1++),(float)_height),
+                                                              cimg::mod(z - (float)*(ptrs2++),(float)_depth),c);
+              }
+            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
+                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x)
+                  *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atXYZ(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y - (float)*(ptrs1++),z - (float)*(ptrs2++),c);
+              }
+            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
+                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x)
+                  *(ptrd++) = (T)linear_atXYZ(x - (float)*(ptrs0++),y - (float)*(ptrs1++),z - (float)*(ptrs2++),c,0);
+              }
+          } else { // Nearest neighbor interpolation.
+            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
+                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (*this)(cimg::mod(x - (int)*(ptrs0++),(int)_width),
+                                                     cimg::mod(y - (int)*(ptrs1++),(int)_height),
+                                                     cimg::mod(z - (int)*(ptrs2++),(int)_depth),c);
+              }
+            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
+                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = _atXYZ(x - (int)*(ptrs0++),y - (int)*(ptrs1++),z - (int)*(ptrs2++),c);
+              }
+            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
+                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = atXYZ(x - (int)*(ptrs0++),y - (int)*(ptrs1++),z - (int)*(ptrs2++),c,0);
+              }
+          }
+        } else { // Absolute warp.
+          if (interpolation==2) { // Cubic interpolation.
+            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
+                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atXYZ(cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),
+                                                             cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs1++),(float)_height),
+                                                             cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs2++),(float)_depth),c);
+              }
+            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
+                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_cubic_atXYZ((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)*(ptrs1++),(float)*(ptrs2++),c);
+              }
+            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=4096)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
+                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)cubic_atXYZ((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)*(ptrs1++),(float)*(ptrs2++),c,0);
+              }
+          } else if (interpolation==1) { // Linear interpolation.
+            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
+                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atXYZ(cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)_width),
+                                                              cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs1++),(float)_height),
+                                                              cimg::mod((float)*(ptrs2++),(float)_depth),c);
+              }
+            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
+                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)_linear_atXYZ((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)*(ptrs1++),(float)*(ptrs2++),c);
+              }
+            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (res.size()>=1048576)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
+                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)linear_atXYZ((float)*(ptrs0++),(float)*(ptrs1++),(float)*(ptrs2++),c,0);
+              }
+          } else { // Nearest-neighbor interpolation.
+            if (boundary_conditions==2) // Periodic boundaries.
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
+                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = (*this)(cimg::mod((int)*(ptrs0++),(int)_width),
+                                                     cimg::mod((int)*(ptrs1++),(int)_height),
+                                                     cimg::mod((int)*(ptrs2++),(int)_depth),c);
+              }
+            else if (boundary_conditions==1) // Neumann boundaries.
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
+                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = _atXYZ((int)*(ptrs0++),(int)*(ptrs1++),(int)*(ptrs2++),c);
+              }
+            else // Dirichlet boundaries.
+              cimg_forYZC(res,y,z,c) {
+                const t *ptrs0 = warp.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrs1 = warp.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrs2 = warp.data(0,y,z,2);
+                T *ptrd = res.data(0,y,z,c);
+                cimg_forX(res,x) *(ptrd++) = atXYZ((int)*(ptrs0++),(int)*(ptrs1++),(int)*(ptrs2++),c,0);
+              }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Generate a 2d representation of a 3d image, with XY,XZ and YZ views.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the projection point.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the projection point.
+       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the projection point.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> get_projections2d(const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0, const unsigned int z0) const {
+      if (is_empty() || _depth<2) return +*this;
+      const unsigned int
+        _x0 = (x0>=_width)?_width - 1:x0,
+        _y0 = (y0>=_height)?_height - 1:y0,
+        _z0 = (z0>=_depth)?_depth - 1:z0;
+      const CImg<T>
+        img_xy = get_crop(0,0,_z0,0,_width-1,_height-1,_z0,_spectrum-1),
+        img_zy = get_crop(_x0,0,0,0,_x0,_height-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).permute_axes("xzyc").
+        resize(_depth,_height,1,-100,-1),
+        img_xz = get_crop(0,_y0,0,0,_width-1,_y0,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).resize(_width,_depth,1,-100,-1);
+      return CImg<T>(_width + _depth,_height + _depth,1,_spectrum,cimg::min(img_xy.min(),img_zy.min(),img_xz.min())).
+        draw_image(0,0,img_xy).draw_image(img_xy._width,0,img_zy).
+        draw_image(0,img_xy._height,img_xz);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct a 2d representation of a 3d image, with XY,XZ and YZ views \inplace.
+    CImg<T>& projections2d(const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0, const unsigned int z0) {
+      if (_depth<2) return *this;
+      return get_projections2d(x0,y0,z0).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Crop image region.
+    /**
+       \param x0 = X-coordinate of the upper-left crop rectangle corner.
+       \param y0 = Y-coordinate of the upper-left crop rectangle corner.
+       \param z0 = Z-coordinate of the upper-left crop rectangle corner.
+       \param c0 = C-coordinate of the upper-left crop rectangle corner.
+       \param x1 = X-coordinate of the lower-right crop rectangle corner.
+       \param y1 = Y-coordinate of the lower-right crop rectangle corner.
+       \param z1 = Z-coordinate of the lower-right crop rectangle corner.
+       \param c1 = C-coordinate of the lower-right crop rectangle corner.
+       \param boundary_conditions = Dirichlet (false) or Neumann border conditions.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& crop(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0, const int c0,
+                  const int x1, const int y1, const int z1, const int c1,
+                  const bool boundary_conditions=false) {
+      return get_crop(x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,boundary_conditions).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Crop image region \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_crop(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0, const int c0,
+                     const int x1, const int y1, const int z1, const int c1,
+                     const bool boundary_conditions=false) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "crop(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      const int
+        nx0 = x0<x1?x0:x1, nx1 = x0^x1^nx0,
+        ny0 = y0<y1?y0:y1, ny1 = y0^y1^ny0,
+        nz0 = z0<z1?z0:z1, nz1 = z0^z1^nz0,
+        nc0 = c0<c1?c0:c1, nc1 = c0^c1^nc0;
+      CImg<T> res(1U + nx1 - nx0,1U + ny1 - ny0,1U + nz1 - nz0,1U + nc1 - nc0);
+      if (nx0<0 || nx1>=width() || ny0<0 || ny1>=height() || nz0<0 || nz1>=depth() || nc0<0 || nc1>=spectrum()) {
+        if (boundary_conditions) cimg_forXYZC(res,x,y,z,c) res(x,y,z,c) = _atXYZC(nx0+x,ny0+y,nz0+z,nc0+c);
+        else res.fill(0).draw_image(-nx0,-ny0,-nz0,-nc0,*this);
+      } else res.draw_image(-nx0,-ny0,-nz0,-nc0,*this);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Crop image region \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& crop(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0,
+                  const int x1, const int y1, const int z1,
+                  const bool boundary_conditions=false) {
+      return crop(x0,y0,z0,0,x1,y1,z1,_spectrum-1,boundary_conditions);
+    }
+
+    //! Crop image region \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_crop(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0,
+                     const int x1, const int y1, const int z1,
+                     const bool boundary_conditions=false) const {
+      return get_crop(x0,y0,z0,0,x1,y1,z1,_spectrum-1,boundary_conditions);
+    }
+
+    //! Crop image region \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& crop(const int x0, const int y0,
+                  const int x1, const int y1,
+                  const bool boundary_conditions=false) {
+      return crop(x0,y0,0,0,x1,y1,_depth - 1,_spectrum - 1,boundary_conditions);
+    }
+
+    //! Crop image region \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_crop(const int x0, const int y0,
+                     const int x1, const int y1,
+                     const bool boundary_conditions=false) const {
+      return get_crop(x0,y0,0,0,x1,y1,_depth - 1,_spectrum - 1,boundary_conditions);
+    }
+
+    //! Crop image region \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& crop(const int x0, const int x1, const bool boundary_conditions=false) {
+      return crop(x0,0,0,0,x1,_height-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1,boundary_conditions);
+    }
+
+    //! Crop image region \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_crop(const int x0, const int x1, const bool boundary_conditions=false) const {
+      return get_crop(x0,0,0,0,x1,_height-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1,boundary_conditions);
+    }
+
+    //! Autocrop image region, regarding the specified background value.
+    CImg<T>& autocrop(const T value, const char *const axes="czyx") {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      for (const char *s = axes; *s; ++s) {
+        const char axis = cimg::uncase(*s);
+        const CImg<intT> coords = _autocrop(value,axis);
+        if (coords[0]==-1 && coords[1]==-1) return assign(); // Image has only 'value' pixels.
+        else switch (axis) {
+        case 'x' : {
+	  const int x0 = coords[0], x1 = coords[1];
+	  if (x0>=0 && x1>=0) crop(x0,x1);
+	} break;
+        case 'y' : {
+	  const int y0 = coords[0], y1 = coords[1];
+	  if (y0>=0 && y1>=0) crop(0,y0,_width-1,y1);
+	} break;
+        case 'z' : {
+	  const int z0 = coords[0], z1 = coords[1];
+	  if (z0>=0 && z1>=0) crop(0,0,z0,_width-1,_height-1,z1);
+	} break;
+        default : {
+	  const int c0 = coords[0], c1 = coords[1];
+	  if (c0>=0 && c1>=0) crop(0,0,0,c0,_width-1,_height-1,_depth-1,c1);
+	}
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Autocrop image region, regarding the specified background value \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_autocrop(const T value, const char *const axes="czyx") const {
+      return (+*this).autocrop(value,axes);
+    }
+
+    //! Autocrop image region, regarding the specified background color.
+    /**
+       \param color Color used for the crop. If \c 0, color is guessed.
+       \param axes Axes used for the crop.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& autocrop(const T *const color=0, const char *const axes="zyx") {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (!color) { // Guess color.
+        const CImg<T> col1 = get_vector_at(0,0,0);
+        const unsigned int w = _width, h = _height, d = _depth, s = _spectrum;
+        autocrop(col1,axes);
+        if (_width==w && _height==h && _depth==d && _spectrum==s) {
+          const CImg<T> col2 = get_vector_at(w-1,h-1,d-1);
+          autocrop(col2,axes);
+        }
+        return *this;
+      }
+      for (const char *s = axes; *s; ++s) {
+        const char axis = cimg::uncase(*s);
+        switch (axis) {
+        case 'x' : {
+	  int x0 = width(), x1 = -1;
+	  cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+	    const CImg<intT> coords = get_shared_channel(c)._autocrop(color[c],'x');
+	    const int nx0 = coords[0], nx1 = coords[1];
+	    if (nx0>=0 && nx1>=0) { x0 = cimg::min(x0,nx0); x1 = cimg::max(x1,nx1); }
+	  }
+          if (x0==width() && x1==-1) return assign(); else crop(x0,x1);
+	} break;
+        case 'y' : {
+	  int y0 = height(), y1 = -1;
+	  cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+	    const CImg<intT> coords = get_shared_channel(c)._autocrop(color[c],'y');
+	    const int ny0 = coords[0], ny1 = coords[1];
+	    if (ny0>=0 && ny1>=0) { y0 = cimg::min(y0,ny0); y1 = cimg::max(y1,ny1); }
+	  }
+          if (y0==height() && y1==-1) return assign(); else crop(0,y0,_width-1,y1);
+	} break;
+        default : {
+	  int z0 = depth(), z1 = -1;
+	  cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+	    const CImg<intT> coords = get_shared_channel(c)._autocrop(color[c],'z');
+	    const int nz0 = coords[0], nz1 = coords[1];
+	    if (nz0>=0 && nz1>=0) { z0 = cimg::min(z0,nz0); z1 = cimg::max(z1,nz1); }
+	  }
+	  if (z0==depth() && z1==-1) return assign(); else crop(0,0,z0,_width-1,_height-1,z1);
+	}
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Autocrop image region, regarding the specified background color \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_autocrop(const T *const color=0, const char *const axes="zyx") const {
+      return (+*this).autocrop(color,axes);
+    }
+
+    //! Autocrop image region, regarding the specified background color \overloading.
+    template<typename t> CImg<T>& autocrop(const CImg<t>& color, const char *const axes="zyx") {
+      return get_autocrop(color,axes).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Autocrop image region, regarding the specified background color \newinstance.
+    template<typename t> CImg<T> get_autocrop(const CImg<t>& color, const char *const axes="zyx") const {
+      return get_autocrop(color._data,axes);
+    }
+
+    CImg<intT> _autocrop(const T value, const char axis) const {
+      CImg<intT> res;
+      switch (cimg::uncase(axis)) {
+      case 'x' : {
+        int x0 = -1, x1 = -1;
+        cimg_forX(*this,x) cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c)
+          if ((*this)(x,y,z,c)!=value) { x0 = x; x = width(); y = height(); z = depth(); c = spectrum(); }
+	if (x0>=0) {
+          for (int x = width()-1; x>=0; --x) cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c)
+            if ((*this)(x,y,z,c)!=value) { x1 = x; x = 0; y = height(); z = depth(); c = spectrum(); }
+        }
+	res = CImg<intT>::vector(x0,x1);
+      } break;
+      case 'y' : {
+        int y0 = -1, y1 = -1;
+        cimg_forY(*this,y) cimg_forXZC(*this,x,z,c)
+          if ((*this)(x,y,z,c)!=value) { y0 = y; x = width(); y = height(); z = depth(); c = spectrum(); }
+	if (y0>=0) {
+          for (int y = height()-1; y>=0; --y) cimg_forXZC(*this,x,z,c)
+            if ((*this)(x,y,z,c)!=value) { y1 = y; x = width(); y = 0; z = depth(); c = spectrum(); }
+        }
+  	res = CImg<intT>::vector(y0,y1);
+      } break;
+      case 'z' : {
+        int z0 = -1, z1 = -1;
+        cimg_forZ(*this,z) cimg_forXYC(*this,x,y,c)
+          if ((*this)(x,y,z,c)!=value) { z0 = z; x = width(); y = height(); z = depth(); c = spectrum(); }
+	if (z0>=0) {
+          for (int z = depth()-1; z>=0; --z) cimg_forXYC(*this,x,y,c)
+            if ((*this)(x,y,z,c)!=value) { z1 = z; x = width(); y = height(); z = 0; c = spectrum(); }
+        }
+  	res = CImg<intT>::vector(z0,z1);
+      } break;
+      default : {
+        int c0 = -1, c1 = -1;
+        cimg_forC(*this,c) cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z)
+          if ((*this)(x,y,z,c)!=value) { c0 = c; x = width(); y = height(); z = depth(); c = spectrum(); }
+	if (c0>=0) {
+          for (int c = spectrum()-1; c>=0; --c) cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z)
+            if ((*this)(x,y,z,c)!=value) { c1 = c; x = width(); y = height(); z = depth(); c = 0; }
+        }
+  	res = CImg<intT>::vector(c0,c1);
+      }
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Return specified image column.
+    /**
+       \param x0 Image column.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> get_column(const int x0) const {
+      return get_columns(x0,x0);
+    }
+
+    //! Return specified image column \inplace.
+    CImg<T>& column(const int x0) {
+      return columns(x0,x0);
+    }
+
+    //! Return specified range of image columns.
+    /**
+       \param x0 Starting image column.
+       \param x1 Ending image column.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& columns(const int x0, const int x1) {
+      return get_columns(x0,x1).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Return specified range of image columns \inplace.
+    CImg<T> get_columns(const int x0, const int x1) const {
+      return get_crop(x0,0,0,0,x1,height()-1,depth()-1,spectrum()-1);
+    }
+
+    //! Return specified image row.
+    CImg<T> get_row(const int y0) const {
+      return get_rows(y0,y0);
+    }
+
+    //! Return specified image row \inplace.
+    /**
+       \param y0 Image row.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& row(const int y0) {
+      return rows(y0,y0);
+    }
+
+    //! Return specified range of image rows.
+    /**
+       \param y0 Starting image row.
+       \param y1 Ending image row.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> get_rows(const int y0, const int y1) const {
+      return get_crop(0,y0,0,0,width()-1,y1,depth()-1,spectrum()-1);
+    }
+
+    //! Return specified range of image rows \inplace.
+    CImg<T>& rows(const int y0, const int y1) {
+      return get_rows(y0,y1).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Return specified image slice.
+    /**
+       \param z0 Image slice.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> get_slice(const int z0) const {
+      return get_slices(z0,z0);
+    }
+
+    //! Return specified image slice \inplace.
+    CImg<T>& slice(const int z0) {
+      return slices(z0,z0);
+    }
+
+    //! Return specified range of image slices.
+    /**
+       \param z0 Starting image slice.
+       \param z1 Ending image slice.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> get_slices(const int z0, const int z1) const {
+      return get_crop(0,0,z0,0,width()-1,height()-1,z1,spectrum()-1);
+    }
+
+    //! Return specified range of image slices \inplace.
+    CImg<T>& slices(const int z0, const int z1) {
+      return get_slices(z0,z1).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Return specified image channel.
+    /**
+       \param c0 Image channel.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> get_channel(const int c0) const {
+      return get_channels(c0,c0);
+    }
+
+    //! Return specified image channel \inplace.
+    CImg<T>& channel(const int c0) {
+      return channels(c0,c0);
+    }
+
+    //! Return specified range of image channels.
+    /**
+       \param c0 Starting image channel.
+       \param c1 Ending image channel.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> get_channels(const int c0, const int c1) const {
+      return get_crop(0,0,0,c0,width()-1,height()-1,depth()-1,c1);
+    }
+
+    //! Return specified range of image channels \inplace.
+    CImg<T>& channels(const int c0, const int c1) {
+      return get_channels(c0,c1).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Return stream line of a 2d or 3d vector field.
+    CImg<floatT> get_streamline(const float x, const float y, const float z,
+                                const float L=256, const float dl=0.1f,
+                                const unsigned int interpolation_type=2, const bool is_backward_tracking=false,
+                                const bool is_oriented_only=false) const {
+      if (_spectrum!=2 && _spectrum!=3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "streamline(): Instance is not a 2d or 3d vector field.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (_spectrum==2) {
+        if (is_oriented_only) {
+          typename CImg<T>::_functor4d_streamline2d_oriented func(*this);
+          return streamline(func,x,y,z,L,dl,interpolation_type,is_backward_tracking,true,
+                            0,0,0,_width-1.0f,_height-1.0f,0.0f);
+        } else {
+          typename CImg<T>::_functor4d_streamline2d_directed func(*this);
+          return streamline(func,x,y,z,L,dl,interpolation_type,is_backward_tracking,false,
+                            0,0,0,_width-1.0f,_height-1.0f,0.0f);
+        }
+      }
+      if (is_oriented_only) {
+        typename CImg<T>::_functor4d_streamline3d_oriented func(*this);
+        return streamline(func,x,y,z,L,dl,interpolation_type,is_backward_tracking,true,
+                          0,0,0,_width-1.0f,_height-1.0f,_depth-1.0f);
+      }
+      typename CImg<T>::_functor4d_streamline3d_directed func(*this);
+      return streamline(func,x,y,z,L,dl,interpolation_type,is_backward_tracking,false,
+                        0,0,0,_width-1.0f,_height-1.0f,_depth-1.0f);
+    }
+
+    //! Return stream line of a 3d vector field.
+    /**
+       \param func Vector field function.
+       \param x X-coordinate of the starting point of the streamline.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the starting point of the streamline.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the starting point of the streamline.
+       \param L Streamline length.
+       \param dl Streamline length increment.
+       \param interpolation_type Type of interpolation.
+         Can be <tt>{ 0=nearest int | 1=linear | 2=2nd-order RK | 3=4th-order RK. }</tt>.
+       \param is_backward_tracking Tells if the streamline is estimated forward or backward.
+       \param is_oriented_only Tells if the direction of the vectors must be ignored.
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the first bounding-box vertex.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the first bounding-box vertex.
+       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the first bounding-box vertex.
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the second bounding-box vertex.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the second bounding-box vertex.
+       \param z1 Z-coordinate of the second bounding-box vertex.
+    **/
+    template<typename tfunc>
+    static CImg<floatT> streamline(const tfunc& func,
+                                   const float x, const float y, const float z,
+                                   const float L=256, const float dl=0.1f,
+                                   const unsigned int interpolation_type=2, const bool is_backward_tracking=false,
+                                   const bool is_oriented_only=false,
+                                   const float x0=0, const float y0=0, const float z0=0,
+                                   const float x1=0, const float y1=0, const float z1=0) {
+      if (dl<=0)
+        throw CImgArgumentException("CImg<%s>::streamline(): Invalid specified integration length %g "
+                                    "(should be >0).",
+                                    pixel_type(),
+                                    dl);
+
+      const bool is_bounded = (x0!=x1 || y0!=y1 || z0!=z1);
+      if (L<=0 || (is_bounded && (x<x0 || x>x1 || y<y0 || y>y1 || z<z0 || z>z1))) return CImg<floatT>();
+      const unsigned int size_L = (unsigned int)cimg::round(L/dl+1);
+      CImg<floatT> coordinates(size_L,3);
+      const float dl2 = dl/2;
+      float
+        *ptr_x = coordinates.data(0,0),
+        *ptr_y = coordinates.data(0,1),
+        *ptr_z = coordinates.data(0,2),
+        pu = (float)(dl*func(x,y,z,0)),
+        pv = (float)(dl*func(x,y,z,1)),
+        pw = (float)(dl*func(x,y,z,2)),
+        X = x, Y = y, Z = z;
+
+      switch (interpolation_type) {
+      case 0 : { // Nearest integer interpolation.
+        cimg_forX(coordinates,l) {
+          *(ptr_x++) = X; *(ptr_y++) = Y; *(ptr_z++) = Z;
+          const int
+            xi = (int)(X>0?X+0.5f:X-0.5f),
+            yi = (int)(Y>0?Y+0.5f:Y-0.5f),
+            zi = (int)(Z>0?Z+0.5f:Z-0.5f);
+          float
+            u = (float)(dl*func((float)xi,(float)yi,(float)zi,0)),
+            v = (float)(dl*func((float)xi,(float)yi,(float)zi,1)),
+            w = (float)(dl*func((float)xi,(float)yi,(float)zi,2));
+          if (is_oriented_only && u*pu + v*pv + w*pw<0) { u = -u; v = -v; w = -w; }
+          if (is_backward_tracking) { X-=(pu=u); Y-=(pv=v); Z-=(pw=w); } else { X+=(pu=u); Y+=(pv=v); Z+=(pw=w); }
+          if (is_bounded && (X<x0 || X>x1 || Y<y0 || Y>y1 || Z<z0 || Z>z1)) break;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 1 : { // First-order interpolation.
+        cimg_forX(coordinates,l) {
+          *(ptr_x++) = X; *(ptr_y++) = Y; *(ptr_z++) = Z;
+          float
+            u = (float)(dl*func(X,Y,Z,0)),
+            v = (float)(dl*func(X,Y,Z,1)),
+            w = (float)(dl*func(X,Y,Z,2));
+          if (is_oriented_only && u*pu + v*pv + w*pw<0) { u = -u; v = -v; w = -w; }
+          if (is_backward_tracking) { X-=(pu=u); Y-=(pv=v); Z-=(pw=w); } else { X+=(pu=u); Y+=(pv=v); Z+=(pw=w); }
+          if (is_bounded && (X<x0 || X>x1 || Y<y0 || Y>y1 || Z<z0 || Z>z1)) break;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 2 : { // Second order interpolation.
+        cimg_forX(coordinates,l) {
+          *(ptr_x++) = X; *(ptr_y++) = Y; *(ptr_z++) = Z;
+          float
+            u0 = (float)(dl2*func(X,Y,Z,0)),
+            v0 = (float)(dl2*func(X,Y,Z,1)),
+            w0 = (float)(dl2*func(X,Y,Z,2));
+          if (is_oriented_only && u0*pu + v0*pv + w0*pw<0) { u0 = -u0; v0 = -v0; w0 = -w0; }
+          float
+            u = (float)(dl*func(X+u0,Y+v0,Z+w0,0)),
+            v = (float)(dl*func(X+u0,Y+v0,Z+w0,1)),
+            w = (float)(dl*func(X+u0,Y+v0,Z+w0,2));
+          if (is_oriented_only && u*pu + v*pv + w*pw<0) { u = -u; v = -v; w = -w; }
+          if (is_backward_tracking) { X-=(pu=u); Y-=(pv=v); Z-=(pw=w); } else { X+=(pu=u); Y+=(pv=v); Z+=(pw=w); }
+          if (is_bounded && (X<x0 || X>x1 || Y<y0 || Y>y1 || Z<z0 || Z>z1)) break;
+        }
+      } break;
+      default : { // Fourth order interpolation.
+        cimg_forX(coordinates,x) {
+          *(ptr_x++) = X; *(ptr_y++) = Y; *(ptr_z++) = Z;
+          float
+            u0 = (float)(dl2*func(X,Y,Z,0)),
+            v0 = (float)(dl2*func(X,Y,Z,1)),
+            w0 = (float)(dl2*func(X,Y,Z,2));
+          if (is_oriented_only && u0*pu + v0*pv + w0*pw<0) { u0 = -u0; v0 = -v0; w0 = -w0; }
+          float
+            u1 = (float)(dl2*func(X+u0,Y+v0,Z+w0,0)),
+            v1 = (float)(dl2*func(X+u0,Y+v0,Z+w0,1)),
+            w1 = (float)(dl2*func(X+u0,Y+v0,Z+w0,2));
+          if (is_oriented_only && u1*pu + v1*pv + w1*pw<0) { u1 = -u1; v1 = -v1; w1 = -w1; }
+          float
+            u2 = (float)(dl2*func(X+u1,Y+v1,Z+w1,0)),
+            v2 = (float)(dl2*func(X+u1,Y+v1,Z+w1,1)),
+            w2 = (float)(dl2*func(X+u1,Y+v1,Z+w1,2));
+          if (is_oriented_only && u2*pu + v2*pv + w2*pw<0) { u2 = -u2; v2 = -v2; w2 = -w2; }
+          float
+            u3 = (float)(dl2*func(X+u2,Y+v2,Z+w2,0)),
+            v3 = (float)(dl2*func(X+u2,Y+v2,Z+w2,1)),
+            w3 = (float)(dl2*func(X+u2,Y+v2,Z+w2,2));
+          if (is_oriented_only && u2*pu + v2*pv + w2*pw<0) { u3 = -u3; v3 = -v3; w3 = -w3; }
+          const float
+            u = (u0 + u3)/3 + (u1 + u2)/1.5f,
+            v = (v0 + v3)/3 + (v1 + v2)/1.5f,
+            w = (w0 + w3)/3 + (w1 + w2)/1.5f;
+          if (is_backward_tracking) { X-=(pu=u); Y-=(pv=v); Z-=(pw=w); } else { X+=(pu=u); Y+=(pv=v); Z+=(pw=w); }
+          if (is_bounded && (X<x0 || X>x1 || Y<y0 || Y>y1 || Z<z0 || Z>z1)) break;
+        }
+      }
+      }
+      if (ptr_x!=coordinates.data(0,1)) coordinates.resize((int)(ptr_x-coordinates.data()),3,1,1,0);
+      return coordinates;
+    }
+
+    //! Return stream line of a 3d vector field \overloading.
+    static CImg<floatT> streamline(const char *const expression,
+                                   const float x, const float y, const float z,
+                                   const float L=256, const float dl=0.1f,
+                                   const unsigned int interpolation_type=2, const bool is_backward_tracking=true,
+                                   const bool is_oriented_only=false,
+                                   const float x0=0, const float y0=0, const float z0=0,
+                                   const float x1=0, const float y1=0, const float z1=0) {
+      _functor4d_streamline_expr func(expression);
+      return streamline(func,x,y,z,L,dl,interpolation_type,is_backward_tracking,is_oriented_only,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1);
+    }
+
+    struct _functor4d_streamline2d_directed {
+      const CImg<T>& ref;
+      _functor4d_streamline2d_directed(const CImg<T>& pref):ref(pref) {}
+      float operator()(const float x, const float y, const float z, const unsigned int c) const {
+        return c<2?(float)ref._linear_atXY(x,y,(int)z,c):0;
+      }
+    };
+
+    struct _functor4d_streamline3d_directed {
+      const CImg<T>& ref;
+      _functor4d_streamline3d_directed(const CImg<T>& pref):ref(pref) {}
+      float operator()(const float x, const float y, const float z, const unsigned int c) const {
+        return (float)ref._linear_atXYZ(x,y,z,c);
+      }
+    };
+
+    struct _functor4d_streamline2d_oriented {
+      const CImg<T>& ref;
+      CImg<floatT> *pI;
+      _functor4d_streamline2d_oriented(const CImg<T>& pref):ref(pref),pI(0) { pI = new CImg<floatT>(2,2,1,2); }
+      ~_functor4d_streamline2d_oriented() { delete pI; }
+      float operator()(const float x, const float y, const float z, const unsigned int c) const {
+#define _cimg_vecalign2d(i,j) if (I(i,j,0)*I(0,0,0)+I(i,j,1)*I(0,0,1)<0) { I(i,j,0) = -I(i,j,0); I(i,j,1) = -I(i,j,1); }
+        int
+          xi = (int)x - (x>=0?0:1), nxi = xi + 1,
+          yi = (int)y - (y>=0?0:1), nyi = yi + 1,
+          zi = (int)z;
+        const float
+          dx = x - xi,
+          dy = y - yi;
+        if (c==0) {
+          CImg<floatT>& I = *pI;
+          if (xi<0) xi = 0; if (nxi<0) nxi = 0;
+          if (xi>=ref.width()) xi = ref.width()-1; if (nxi>=ref.width()) nxi = ref.width()-1;
+          if (yi<0) yi = 0; if (nyi<0) nyi = 0;
+          if (yi>=ref.height()) yi = ref.height()-1; if (nyi>=ref.height()) nyi = ref.height()-1;
+          I(0,0,0) = (float)ref(xi,yi,zi,0);   I(0,0,1) = (float)ref(xi,yi,zi,1);
+          I(1,0,0) = (float)ref(nxi,yi,zi,0);  I(1,0,1) = (float)ref(nxi,yi,zi,1);
+          I(1,1,0) = (float)ref(nxi,nyi,zi,0); I(1,1,1) = (float)ref(nxi,nyi,zi,1);
+          I(0,1,0) = (float)ref(xi,nyi,zi,0);  I(0,1,1) = (float)ref(xi,nyi,zi,1);
+          _cimg_vecalign2d(1,0); _cimg_vecalign2d(1,1); _cimg_vecalign2d(0,1);
+        }
+        return c<2?(float)pI->_linear_atXY(dx,dy,0,c):0;
+      }
+    };
+
+    struct _functor4d_streamline3d_oriented {
+      const CImg<T>& ref;
+      CImg<floatT> *pI;
+      _functor4d_streamline3d_oriented(const CImg<T>& pref):ref(pref),pI(0) { pI = new CImg<floatT>(2,2,2,3); }
+      ~_functor4d_streamline3d_oriented() { delete pI; }
+      float operator()(const float x, const float y, const float z, const unsigned int c) const {
+#define _cimg_vecalign3d(i,j,k) if (I(i,j,k,0)*I(0,0,0,0)+I(i,j,k,1)*I(0,0,0,1)+I(i,j,k,2)*I(0,0,0,2)<0) { \
+  I(i,j,k,0) = -I(i,j,k,0); I(i,j,k,1) = -I(i,j,k,1); I(i,j,k,2) = -I(i,j,k,2); }
+        int
+          xi = (int)x - (x>=0?0:1), nxi = xi + 1,
+          yi = (int)y - (y>=0?0:1), nyi = yi + 1,
+          zi = (int)z - (z>=0?0:1), nzi = zi + 1;
+        const float
+          dx = x - xi,
+          dy = y - yi,
+          dz = z - zi;
+        if (c==0) {
+          CImg<floatT>& I = *pI;
+          if (xi<0) xi = 0; if (nxi<0) nxi = 0;
+          if (xi>=ref.width()) xi = ref.width()-1; if (nxi>=ref.width()) nxi = ref.width()-1;
+          if (yi<0) yi = 0; if (nyi<0) nyi = 0;
+          if (yi>=ref.height()) yi = ref.height()-1; if (nyi>=ref.height()) nyi = ref.height()-1;
+          if (zi<0) zi = 0; if (nzi<0) nzi = 0;
+          if (zi>=ref.depth()) zi = ref.depth()-1; if (nzi>=ref.depth()) nzi = ref.depth()-1;
+          I(0,0,0,0) = (float)ref(xi,yi,zi,0); I(0,0,0,1) = (float)ref(xi,yi,zi,1);
+          I(0,0,0,2) = (float)ref(xi,yi,zi,2); I(1,0,0,0) = (float)ref(nxi,yi,zi,0);
+          I(1,0,0,1) = (float)ref(nxi,yi,zi,1); I(1,0,0,2) = (float)ref(nxi,yi,zi,2);
+          I(1,1,0,0) = (float)ref(nxi,nyi,zi,0); I(1,1,0,1) = (float)ref(nxi,nyi,zi,1);
+          I(1,1,0,2) = (float)ref(nxi,nyi,zi,2); I(0,1,0,0) = (float)ref(xi,nyi,zi,0);
+          I(0,1,0,1) = (float)ref(xi,nyi,zi,1); I(0,1,0,2) = (float)ref(xi,nyi,zi,2);
+          I(0,0,1,0) = (float)ref(xi,yi,nzi,0); I(0,0,1,1) = (float)ref(xi,yi,nzi,1);
+          I(0,0,1,2) = (float)ref(xi,yi,nzi,2); I(1,0,1,0) = (float)ref(nxi,yi,nzi,0);
+          I(1,0,1,1) = (float)ref(nxi,yi,nzi,1);  I(1,0,1,2) = (float)ref(nxi,yi,nzi,2);
+          I(1,1,1,0) = (float)ref(nxi,nyi,nzi,0); I(1,1,1,1) = (float)ref(nxi,nyi,nzi,1);
+          I(1,1,1,2) = (float)ref(nxi,nyi,nzi,2); I(0,1,1,0) = (float)ref(xi,nyi,nzi,0);
+          I(0,1,1,1) = (float)ref(xi,nyi,nzi,1);  I(0,1,1,2) = (float)ref(xi,nyi,nzi,2);
+          _cimg_vecalign3d(1,0,0); _cimg_vecalign3d(1,1,0); _cimg_vecalign3d(0,1,0);
+          _cimg_vecalign3d(0,0,1); _cimg_vecalign3d(1,0,1); _cimg_vecalign3d(1,1,1); _cimg_vecalign3d(0,1,1);
+        }
+        return (float)pI->_linear_atXYZ(dx,dy,dz,c);
+      }
+    };
+
+    struct _functor4d_streamline_expr {
+      _cimg_math_parser *mp;
+      ~_functor4d_streamline_expr() { delete mp; }
+      _functor4d_streamline_expr(const char *const expr):mp(0) {
+        mp = new _cimg_math_parser(CImg<T>::empty(),expr,"streamline");
+      }
+      float operator()(const float x, const float y, const float z, const unsigned int c) const {
+        return (float)(*mp)(x,y,z,c);
+      }
+    };
+
+    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing a range of pixels of the image instance.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting pixel.
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending pixel.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate.
+       \param z0 Z-coordinate.
+       \param c0 C-coordinate.
+     **/
+    CImg<T> get_shared_points(const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int x1,
+                              const unsigned int y0=0, const unsigned int z0=0, const unsigned int c0=0) {
+      const unsigned int beg = (unsigned int)offset(x0,y0,z0,c0), end = offset(x1,y0,z0,c0);
+      if (beg>end || beg>=size() || end>=size())
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "get_shared_points(): Invalid request of a shared-memory subset (%u->%u,%u,%u,%u).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    x0,x1,y0,z0,c0);
+
+      return CImg<T>(_data+beg,x1-x0+1,1,1,1,true);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing a range of pixels of the image instance \const.
+    const CImg<T> get_shared_points(const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int x1,
+                                    const unsigned int y0=0, const unsigned int z0=0, const unsigned int c0=0) const {
+      const unsigned int beg = (unsigned int)offset(x0,y0,z0,c0), end = offset(x1,y0,z0,c0);
+      if (beg>end || beg>=size() || end>=size())
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "get_shared_points(): Invalid request of a shared-memory subset (%u->%u,%u,%u,%u).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    x0,x1,y0,z0,c0);
+
+      return CImg<T>(_data+beg,x1-x0+1,1,1,1,true);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing a range of rows of the image instance.
+    /**
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting row.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending row.
+       \param z0 Z-coordinate.
+       \param c0 C-coordinate.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> get_shared_rows(const unsigned int y0, const unsigned int y1,
+                             const unsigned int z0=0, const unsigned int c0=0) {
+      const unsigned int beg = offset(0,y0,z0,c0), end = offset(0,y1,z0,c0);
+      if (beg>end || beg>=size() || end>=size())
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "get_shared_rows(): Invalid request of a shared-memory subset "
+                                    "(0->%u,%u->%u,%u,%u).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    _width-1,y0,y1,z0,c0);
+
+      return CImg<T>(_data+beg,_width,y1-y0+1,1,1,true);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing a range of rows of the image instance \const.
+    const CImg<T> get_shared_rows(const unsigned int y0, const unsigned int y1,
+                                   const unsigned int z0=0, const unsigned int c0=0) const {
+      const unsigned int beg = offset(0,y0,z0,c0), end = offset(0,y1,z0,c0);
+      if (beg>end || beg>=size() || end>=size())
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "get_shared_rows(): Invalid request of a shared-memory subset "
+                                    "(0->%u,%u->%u,%u,%u).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    _width-1,y0,y1,z0,c0);
+
+      return CImg<T>(_data+beg,_width,y1-y0+1,1,1,true);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing one row of the image instance.
+    /**
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate.
+       \param z0 Z-coordinate.
+       \param c0 C-coordinate.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> get_shared_row(const unsigned int y0, const unsigned int z0=0, const unsigned int c0=0) {
+      return get_shared_rows(y0,y0,z0,c0);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing one row of the image instance \const.
+    const CImg<T> get_shared_row(const unsigned int y0, const unsigned int z0=0, const unsigned int c0=0) const {
+      return get_shared_rows(y0,y0,z0,c0);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a shared memory image referencing a range of slices of the image instance.
+    /**
+       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the starting slice.
+       \param z1 Z-coordinate of the ending slice.
+       \param c0 C-coordinate.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> get_shared_slices(const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int z1, const unsigned int c0=0) {
+      const unsigned int beg = offset(0,0,z0,c0), end = offset(0,0,z1,c0);
+      if (beg>end || beg>=size() || end>=size())
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "get_shared_slices(): Invalid request of a shared-memory subset "
+                                    "(0->%u,0->%u,%u->%u,%u).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    _width-1,_height-1,z0,z1,c0);
+
+      return CImg<T>(_data+beg,_width,_height,z1-z0+1,1,true);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a shared memory image referencing a range of slices of the image instance \const.
+    const CImg<T> get_shared_slices(const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int z1, const unsigned int c0=0) const {
+      const unsigned int beg = offset(0,0,z0,c0), end = offset(0,0,z1,c0);
+      if (beg>end || beg>=size() || end>=size())
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "get_shared_slices(): Invalid request of a shared-memory subset "
+                                    "(0->%u,0->%u,%u->%u,%u).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    _width-1,_height-1,z0,z1,c0);
+
+      return CImg<T>(_data+beg,_width,_height,z1-z0+1,1,true);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing one slice of the image instance.
+    /**
+       \param z0 Z-coordinate.
+       \param c0 C-coordinate.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> get_shared_slice(const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0=0) {
+      return get_shared_slices(z0,z0,c0);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing one slice of the image instance \const.
+    const CImg<T> get_shared_slice(const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0=0) const {
+      return get_shared_slices(z0,z0,c0);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing a range of channels of the image instance.
+    /**
+       \param c0 C-coordinate of the starting channel.
+       \param c1 C-coordinate of the ending channel.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> get_shared_channels(const unsigned int c0, const unsigned int c1) {
+      const unsigned int beg = offset(0,0,0,c0), end = offset(0,0,0,c1);
+      if (beg>end || beg>=size() || end>=size())
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "get_shared_channels(): Invalid request of a shared-memory subset "
+                                    "(0->%u,0->%u,0->%u,%u->%u).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    _width-1,_height-1,_depth-1,c0,c1);
+
+      return CImg<T>(_data+beg,_width,_height,_depth,c1-c0+1,true);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing a range of channels of the image instance \const.
+    const CImg<T> get_shared_channels(const unsigned int c0, const unsigned int c1) const {
+      const unsigned int beg = offset(0,0,0,c0), end = offset(0,0,0,c1);
+      if (beg>end || beg>=size() || end>=size())
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "get_shared_channels(): Invalid request of a shared-memory subset "
+                                    "(0->%u,0->%u,0->%u,%u->%u).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    _width-1,_height-1,_depth-1,c0,c1);
+
+      return CImg<T>(_data+beg,_width,_height,_depth,c1-c0+1,true);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing one channel of the image instance.
+    /**
+       \param c0 C-coordinate.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> get_shared_channel(const unsigned int c0) {
+      return get_shared_channels(c0,c0);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a shared-memory image referencing one channel of the image instance \const.
+    const CImg<T> get_shared_channel(const unsigned int c0) const {
+      return get_shared_channels(c0,c0);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a shared-memory version of the image instance.
+    CImg<T> get_shared() {
+      return CImg<T>(_data,_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,true);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a shared-memory version of the image instance \const.
+    const CImg<T> get_shared() const {
+      return CImg<T>(_data,_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,true);
+    }
+
+    //! Split image into a list along specified axis.
+    /**
+       \param axis Splitting axis. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
+       \param nb Number of splitted parts.
+       \note
+       - If \c nb==0, there are as much splitted parts as the image size along the specified axis.
+       - If \c nb<=0, instance image is splitted into blocs of -\c nb pixel wide.
+       - If \c nb>0, instance image is splitted into \c nb blocs.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T> get_split(const char axis, const int nb=0) const {
+      CImgList<T> res;
+      if (is_empty()) return res;
+      const char _axis = cimg::uncase(axis);
+
+      if (nb<=0) { // Split by bloc size.
+        const unsigned int dp = (unsigned int)(nb?-nb:1);
+        switch (_axis) {
+        case 'x': {
+          if (_width>dp) {
+            res.assign(_width/dp+(_width%dp?1:0),1,1);
+            const unsigned int pe = _width - dp;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (res._width>=128 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=128)
+#endif
+            for (unsigned int p = 0; p<pe; p+=dp)
+              get_crop(p,0,0,0,p+dp-1,_height-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).move_to(res[p/dp]);
+            get_crop((res._width-1)*dp,0,0,0,_width-1,_height-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).move_to(res.back());
+          } else res.assign(*this);
+        } break;
+        case 'y': {
+          if (_height>dp) {
+            res.assign(_height/dp+(_height%dp?1:0),1,1);
+            const unsigned int pe = _height - dp;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (res._width>=128 && _width*_depth*_spectrum>=128)
+#endif
+            for (unsigned int p = 0; p<pe; p+=dp)
+              get_crop(0,p,0,0,_width-1,p+dp-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).move_to(res[p/dp]);
+            get_crop(0,(res._width-1)*dp,0,0,_width-1,_height-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).move_to(res.back());
+          } else res.assign(*this);
+        } break;
+        case 'z': {
+          if (_depth>dp) {
+            res.assign(_depth/dp+(_depth%dp?1:0),1,1);
+            const unsigned int pe = _depth - dp;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (res._width>=128 && _width*_height*_spectrum>=128)
+#endif
+            for (unsigned int p = 0; p<pe; p+=dp)
+              get_crop(0,0,p,0,_width-1,_height-1,p+dp-1,_spectrum-1).move_to(res[p/dp]);
+            get_crop(0,0,(res._width-1)*dp,0,_width-1,_height-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).move_to(res.back());
+          } else res.assign(*this);
+        } break;
+        default : {
+          if (_spectrum>dp) {
+            res.assign(_spectrum/dp+(_spectrum%dp?1:0),1,1);
+            const unsigned int pe = _spectrum - dp;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (res._width>=128 && _width*_height*_depth>=128)
+#endif
+            for (unsigned int p = 0; p<pe; p+=dp)
+              get_crop(0,0,0,p,_width-1,_height-1,_depth-1,p+dp-1).move_to(res[p/dp]);
+            get_crop(0,0,0,(res._width-1)*dp,_width-1,_height-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).move_to(res.back());
+          } else res.assign(*this);
+        }
+        }
+      } else { // Split by number of (non-homogeneous) blocs.
+        const unsigned int siz = _axis=='x'?_width:_axis=='y'?_height:_axis=='z'?_depth:_axis=='c'?_spectrum:0;
+        if ((unsigned int)nb>siz)
+          throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                      "get_split(): Instance cannot be split along %c-axis into %u blocs.",
+                                      cimg_instance,
+                                      axis,nb);
+        if (nb==1) res.assign(*this);
+        else {
+          int err = (int)siz;
+          unsigned int _p = 0;
+          switch (_axis) {
+          case 'x' : {
+            cimg_forX(*this,p) if ((err-=nb)<=0) {
+              get_crop(_p,0,0,0,p,_height-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).move_to(res);
+              err+=(int)siz;
+              _p=p+1;
+            }
+          } break;
+          case 'y' : {
+            cimg_forY(*this,p) if ((err-=nb)<=0) {
+              get_crop(0,_p,0,0,_width-1,p,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).move_to(res);
+              err+=(int)siz;
+              _p=p+1;
+            }
+          } break;
+          case 'z' : {
+            cimg_forZ(*this,p) if ((err-=nb)<=0) {
+              get_crop(0,0,_p,0,_width-1,_height-1,p,_spectrum-1).move_to(res);
+              err+=(int)siz;
+              _p=p+1;
+            }
+          } break;
+          default : {
+            cimg_forC(*this,p) if ((err-=nb)<=0) {
+              get_crop(0,0,0,_p,_width-1,_height-1,_depth-1,p).move_to(res);
+              err+=(int)siz;
+              _p=p+1;
+            }
+          }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Split image into a list of one-column vectors, according to a specified splitting value.
+    /**
+       \param value Splitting value.
+       \param keep_values Tells if the splitting value must be kept in the splitted blocs.
+       \param is_shared Tells if the splitted blocs have shared memory buffers.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T> get_split(const T value, const bool keep_values, const bool is_shared) const {
+      CImgList<T> res;
+      if (is_empty()) return res;
+      for (const T *ps = _data, *_ps = ps, *const pe = end(); ps<pe; ) {
+        while (_ps<pe && *_ps==value) ++_ps;
+        unsigned int siz = _ps - ps;
+        if (siz && keep_values) res.insert(CImg<T>(ps,1,siz,1,1,is_shared),~0U,is_shared);
+        ps = _ps;
+        while (_ps<pe && *_ps!=value) ++_ps;
+        siz = _ps - ps;
+        if (siz) res.insert(CImg<T>(ps,1,siz,1,1,is_shared),~0U,is_shared);
+        ps = _ps;
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Split image into a list of one-column vectors, according to a specified splitting value sequence.
+    /**
+       \param values Splitting value sequence.
+       \param keep_values Tells if the splitting sequence must be kept in the splitted blocs.
+       \param is_shared Tells if the splitted blocs have shared memory buffers.
+     **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<T> get_split(const CImg<t>& values, const bool keep_values, const bool is_shared) const {
+      CImgList<T> res;
+      if (is_empty()) return res;
+      if (!values) return CImgList<T>(*this);
+      if (values.size()==1) return get_split(*values,keep_values,is_shared);
+      const t *pve = values.end();
+      for (const T *ps = _data, *_ps = ps, *const pe = end(); ps<pe; ) {
+
+        // Try to find match from current position.
+        const t *pv = 0;
+        do {
+          pv = values._data;
+          const T *__ps = _ps;
+          while (__ps<pe && pv<pve && *__ps==(T)*pv) { ++__ps; ++pv; }
+          if (pv==pve) _ps = __ps;
+        } while (pv==pve);
+        unsigned int siz = _ps - ps;
+        if (siz && keep_values) res.insert(CImg<T>(ps,1,siz,1,1,is_shared),~0U,is_shared); // If match found.
+        ps = _ps;
+
+        // Try to find non-match from current position.
+        do {
+          pv = values._data;
+          while (_ps<pe && *_ps!=(T)*pv) ++_ps;
+          if (_ps<pe) {
+            const T *__ps = _ps + 1;
+            ++pv;
+            while (__ps<pe && pv<pve && *__ps==(T)*pv) { ++__ps; ++pv; }
+            if (pv!=pve) _ps = __ps;
+          }
+        } while (_ps<pe && pv!=pve);
+
+        // Here, EOF of match found.
+        siz = _ps - ps;
+        if (siz) res.insert(CImg<T>(ps,1,siz,1,1,is_shared),~0U,is_shared);
+        ps = _ps;
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Split the image into a list of one-column vectors each having same values.
+    CImgList<T> get_split(const bool is_shared) const {
+      CImgList<T> res;
+      if (is_empty()) return res;
+      T *p0 = _data, current = *p0;
+      cimg_for(*this,p,T) if (*p!=current) {
+        res.insert(CImg<T>(p0,1,p-p0,1,1,is_shared),~0U,is_shared); p0 = p; current = *p;
+      }
+      res.insert(CImg<T>(p0,1,end()-p0,1,1,is_shared),~0U,is_shared);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Append two images along specified axis.
+    /**
+       \param img Image to append with instance image.
+       \param axis Appending axis. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
+       \param align Append alignment in \c [0,1].
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& append(const CImg<t>& img, const char axis='x', const float align=0) {
+      if (is_empty()) return assign(img,false);
+      if (!img) return *this;
+      return CImgList<T>(*this,true).insert(img).get_append(axis,align).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Append two images along specified axis \specialization.
+    CImg<T>& append(const CImg<T>& img, const char axis='x', const float align=0) {
+      if (is_empty()) return assign(img,false);
+      if (!img) return *this;
+      return CImgList<T>(*this,img,true).get_append(axis,align).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Append two images along specified axis \const.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<_cimg_Tt> get_append(const CImg<T>& img, const char axis='x', const float align=0) const {
+      if (is_empty()) return +img;
+      if (!img) return +*this;
+      return CImgList<_cimg_Tt>(*this,true).insert(img).get_append(axis,align);
+    }
+
+    //! Append two images along specified axis \specialization.
+    CImg<T> get_append(const CImg<T>& img, const char axis='x', const float align=0) const {
+      if (is_empty()) return +img;
+      if (!img) return +*this;
+      return CImgList<T>(*this,img,true).get_append(axis,align);
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //---------------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Filtering / Transforms
+    //@{
+    //---------------------------------------
+
+    //! Correlate image by a mask.
+    /**
+       \param mask = the correlation kernel.
+       \param boundary_conditions = the border condition type (0=zero, 1=dirichlet)
+       \param is_normalized = enable local normalization.
+       \note
+       - The correlation of the image instance \p *this by the mask \p mask is defined to be:
+       res(x,y,z) = sum_{i,j,k} (*this)(x+i,y+j,z+k)*mask(i,j,k).
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& correlate(const CImg<t>& mask, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=1, const bool is_normalized=false) {
+      if (is_empty() || !mask) return *this;
+      return get_correlate(mask,boundary_conditions,is_normalized).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Correlate image by a mask \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<_cimg_Ttfloat> get_correlate(const CImg<t>& mask, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=1,
+                                      const bool is_normalized=false) const {
+      if (is_empty() || !mask) return *this;
+      typedef _cimg_Ttfloat Ttfloat;
+      CImg<Ttfloat> res(_width,_height,_depth,cimg::max(_spectrum,mask._spectrum));
+      if (boundary_conditions && mask._width==mask._height &&
+          ((mask._depth==1 && mask._width<=5) || (mask._depth==mask._width && mask._width<=3))) {
+        // A special optimization is done for 2x2, 3x3, 4x4, 5x5, 2x2x2 and 3x3x3 mask (with boundary_conditions=1)
+        Ttfloat *ptrd = res._data;
+        switch (mask._depth) {
+        case 3 : {
+          T I[27] = { 0 };
+          cimg_forC(res,c) {
+            const CImg<T> _img = get_shared_channel(c%_spectrum);
+            const CImg<t> _mask = mask.get_shared_channel(c%mask._spectrum);
+            if (is_normalized) {
+              const Ttfloat _M = (Ttfloat)_mask.magnitude(2), M = _M*_M;
+              cimg_for3x3x3(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T) {
+                const Ttfloat N = M*(I[ 0]*I[ 0] + I[ 1]*I[ 1] + I[ 2]*I[ 2] +
+                                     I[ 3]*I[ 3] + I[ 4]*I[ 4] + I[ 5]*I[ 5] +
+                                     I[ 6]*I[ 6] + I[ 7]*I[ 7] + I[ 8]*I[ 8] +
+                                     I[ 9]*I[ 9] + I[10]*I[10] + I[11]*I[11] +
+                                     I[12]*I[12] + I[13]*I[13] + I[14]*I[14] +
+                                     I[15]*I[15] + I[16]*I[16] + I[17]*I[17] +
+                                     I[18]*I[18] + I[19]*I[19] + I[20]*I[20] +
+                                     I[21]*I[21] + I[22]*I[22] + I[23]*I[23] +
+                                     I[24]*I[24] + I[25]*I[25] + I[26]*I[26]);
+                *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(N?(I[ 0]*_mask[ 0] + I[ 1]*_mask[ 1] + I[ 2]*_mask[ 2] +
+                                         I[ 3]*_mask[ 3] + I[ 4]*_mask[ 4] + I[ 5]*_mask[ 5] +
+                                         I[ 6]*_mask[ 6] + I[ 7]*_mask[ 7] + I[ 8]*_mask[ 8] +
+                                         I[ 9]*_mask[ 9] + I[10]*_mask[10] + I[11]*_mask[11] +
+                                         I[12]*_mask[12] + I[13]*_mask[13] + I[14]*_mask[14] +
+                                         I[15]*_mask[15] + I[16]*_mask[16] + I[17]*_mask[17] +
+                                         I[18]*_mask[18] + I[19]*_mask[19] + I[20]*_mask[20] +
+                                         I[21]*_mask[21] + I[22]*_mask[22] + I[23]*_mask[23] +
+                                         I[24]*_mask[24] + I[25]*_mask[25] + I[26]*_mask[26])/std::sqrt(N):0);
+              }
+            } else cimg_for3x3x3(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T)
+                     *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(I[ 0]*_mask[ 0] + I[ 1]*_mask[ 1] + I[ 2]*_mask[ 2] +
+                                           I[ 3]*_mask[ 3] + I[ 4]*_mask[ 4] + I[ 5]*_mask[ 5] +
+                                           I[ 6]*_mask[ 6] + I[ 7]*_mask[ 7] + I[ 8]*_mask[ 8] +
+                                           I[ 9]*_mask[ 9] + I[10]*_mask[10] + I[11]*_mask[11] +
+                                           I[12]*_mask[12] + I[13]*_mask[13] + I[14]*_mask[14] +
+                                           I[15]*_mask[15] + I[16]*_mask[16] + I[17]*_mask[17] +
+                                           I[18]*_mask[18] + I[19]*_mask[19] + I[20]*_mask[20] +
+                                           I[21]*_mask[21] + I[22]*_mask[22] + I[23]*_mask[23] +
+                                           I[24]*_mask[24] + I[25]*_mask[25] + I[26]*_mask[26]);
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 2 : {
+          T I[8] = { 0 };
+          cimg_forC(res,c) {
+            const CImg<T> _img = get_shared_channel(c%_spectrum);
+            const CImg<t> _mask = mask.get_shared_channel(c%mask._spectrum);
+            if (is_normalized) {
+              const Ttfloat _M = (Ttfloat)_mask.magnitude(2), M = _M*_M;
+              cimg_for2x2x2(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T) {
+                const Ttfloat N = M*(I[0]*I[0] + I[1]*I[1] +
+                                     I[2]*I[2] + I[3]*I[3] +
+                                     I[4]*I[4] + I[5]*I[5] +
+                                     I[6]*I[6] + I[7]*I[7]);
+                *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(N?(I[0]*_mask[0] + I[1]*_mask[1] +
+                                         I[2]*_mask[2] + I[3]*_mask[3] +
+                                         I[4]*_mask[4] + I[5]*_mask[5] +
+                                         I[6]*_mask[6] + I[7]*_mask[7])/std::sqrt(N):0);
+              }
+            } else cimg_for2x2x2(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T)
+                     *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(I[0]*_mask[0] + I[1]*_mask[1] +
+                                           I[2]*_mask[2] + I[3]*_mask[3] +
+                                           I[4]*_mask[4] + I[5]*_mask[5] +
+                                           I[6]*_mask[6] + I[7]*_mask[7]);
+          }
+        } break;
+        default :
+        case 1 :
+          switch (mask._width) {
+          case 6 : {
+            T I[36] = { 0 };
+            cimg_forC(res,c) {
+              const CImg<T> _img = get_shared_channel(c%_spectrum);
+              const CImg<t> _mask = mask.get_shared_channel(c%mask._spectrum);
+              if (is_normalized) {
+                const Ttfloat _M = (Ttfloat)_mask.magnitude(2), M = _M*_M;
+                cimg_forZ(_img,z) cimg_for6x6(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T) {
+                  const Ttfloat N = M*(I[ 0]*I[ 0] + I[ 1]*I[ 1] + I[ 2]*I[ 2] + I[ 3]*I[ 3] + I[ 4]*I[ 4] + I[ 5]*I[ 5] +
+                                       I[ 6]*I[ 6] + I[ 7]*I[ 7] + I[ 8]*I[ 8] + I[ 9]*I[ 9] + I[10]*I[10] + I[11]*I[11] +
+                                       I[12]*I[12] + I[13]*I[13] + I[14]*I[14] + I[15]*I[15] + I[16]*I[16] + I[17]*I[17] +
+                                       I[18]*I[18] + I[19]*I[19] + I[20]*I[20] + I[21]*I[21] + I[22]*I[22] + I[23]*I[23] +
+                                       I[24]*I[24] + I[25]*I[25] + I[26]*I[26] + I[27]*I[27] + I[28]*I[28] + I[29]*I[29] +
+                                       I[30]*I[30] + I[31]*I[31] + I[32]*I[32] + I[33]*I[33] + I[34]*I[34] + I[35]*I[35]);
+                  *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(N?(I[ 0]*_mask[ 0] + I[ 1]*_mask[ 1] + I[ 2]*_mask[ 2] + I[ 3]*_mask[ 3] + I[ 4]*_mask[ 4] + I[ 5]*_mask[ 5] +
+                                           I[ 6]*_mask[ 6] + I[ 7]*_mask[ 7] + I[ 8]*_mask[ 8] + I[ 9]*_mask[ 9] + I[10]*_mask[10] + I[11]*_mask[11] +
+                                           I[12]*_mask[12] + I[13]*_mask[13] + I[14]*_mask[14] + I[15]*_mask[15] + I[16]*_mask[16] + I[17]*_mask[17] +
+                                           I[18]*_mask[18] + I[19]*_mask[19] + I[20]*_mask[20] + I[21]*_mask[21] + I[22]*_mask[22] + I[23]*_mask[23] +
+                                           I[24]*_mask[24] + I[25]*_mask[25] + I[26]*_mask[26] + I[27]*_mask[27] + I[28]*_mask[28] + I[29]*_mask[29] +
+                                           I[30]*_mask[30] + I[31]*_mask[31] + I[32]*_mask[32] + I[33]*_mask[33] + I[34]*_mask[34] + I[35]*_mask[35])/std::sqrt(N):0);
+                }
+              } else cimg_forZ(_img,z) cimg_for6x6(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T)
+                       *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(I[ 0]*_mask[ 0] + I[ 1]*_mask[ 1] + I[ 2]*_mask[ 2] + I[ 3]*_mask[ 3] + I[ 4]*_mask[ 4] + I[ 5]*_mask[ 5] +
+                                             I[ 6]*_mask[ 6] + I[ 7]*_mask[ 7] + I[ 8]*_mask[ 8] + I[ 9]*_mask[ 9] + I[10]*_mask[10] + I[11]*_mask[11] +
+                                             I[12]*_mask[12] + I[13]*_mask[13] + I[14]*_mask[14] + I[15]*_mask[15] + I[16]*_mask[16] + I[17]*_mask[17] +
+                                             I[18]*_mask[18] + I[19]*_mask[19] + I[20]*_mask[20] + I[21]*_mask[21] + I[22]*_mask[22] + I[23]*_mask[23] +
+                                             I[24]*_mask[24] + I[25]*_mask[25] + I[26]*_mask[26] + I[27]*_mask[27] + I[28]*_mask[28] + I[29]*_mask[29] +
+                                             I[30]*_mask[30] + I[31]*_mask[31] + I[32]*_mask[32] + I[33]*_mask[33] + I[34]*_mask[34] + I[35]*_mask[35]);
+            }
+          } break;
+          case 5 : {
+            T I[25] = { 0 };
+            cimg_forC(res,c) {
+              const CImg<T> _img = get_shared_channel(c%_spectrum);
+              const CImg<t> _mask = mask.get_shared_channel(c%mask._spectrum);
+              if (is_normalized) {
+                const Ttfloat _M = (Ttfloat)_mask.magnitude(2), M = _M*_M;
+                cimg_forZ(_img,z) cimg_for5x5(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T) {
+                  const Ttfloat N = M*(I[ 0]*I[ 0] + I[ 1]*I[ 1] + I[ 2]*I[ 2] + I[ 3]*I[ 3] + I[ 4]*I[ 4] +
+                                       I[ 5]*I[ 5] + I[ 6]*I[ 6] + I[ 7]*I[ 7] + I[ 8]*I[ 8] + I[ 9]*I[ 9] +
+                                       I[10]*I[10] + I[11]*I[11] + I[12]*I[12] + I[13]*I[13] + I[14]*I[14] +
+                                       I[15]*I[15] + I[16]*I[16] + I[17]*I[17] + I[18]*I[18] + I[19]*I[19] +
+                                       I[20]*I[20] + I[21]*I[21] + I[22]*I[22] + I[23]*I[23] + I[24]*I[24]);
+                  *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(N?(I[ 0]*_mask[ 0] + I[ 1]*_mask[ 1] + I[ 2]*_mask[ 2] + I[ 3]*_mask[ 3] + I[ 4]*_mask[ 4] +
+                                           I[ 5]*_mask[ 5] + I[ 6]*_mask[ 6] + I[ 7]*_mask[ 7] + I[ 8]*_mask[ 8] + I[ 9]*_mask[ 9] +
+                                           I[10]*_mask[10] + I[11]*_mask[11] + I[12]*_mask[12] + I[13]*_mask[13] + I[14]*_mask[14] +
+                                           I[15]*_mask[15] + I[16]*_mask[16] + I[17]*_mask[17] + I[18]*_mask[18] + I[19]*_mask[19] +
+                                           I[20]*_mask[20] + I[21]*_mask[21] + I[22]*_mask[22] + I[23]*_mask[23] + I[24]*_mask[24])/std::sqrt(N):0);
+                }
+              } else cimg_forZ(_img,z) cimg_for5x5(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T)
+                       *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(I[ 0]*_mask[ 0] + I[ 1]*_mask[ 1] + I[ 2]*_mask[ 2] + I[ 3]*_mask[ 3] + I[ 4]*_mask[ 4] +
+                                             I[ 5]*_mask[ 5] + I[ 6]*_mask[ 6] + I[ 7]*_mask[ 7] + I[ 8]*_mask[ 8] + I[ 9]*_mask[ 9] +
+                                             I[10]*_mask[10] + I[11]*_mask[11] + I[12]*_mask[12] + I[13]*_mask[13] + I[14]*_mask[14] +
+                                             I[15]*_mask[15] + I[16]*_mask[16] + I[17]*_mask[17] + I[18]*_mask[18] + I[19]*_mask[19] +
+                                             I[20]*_mask[20] + I[21]*_mask[21] + I[22]*_mask[22] + I[23]*_mask[23] + I[24]*_mask[24]);
+            }
+          } break;
+          case 4 : {
+            T I[16] = { 0 };
+            cimg_forC(res,c) {
+              const CImg<T> _img = get_shared_channel(c%_spectrum);
+              const CImg<t> _mask = mask.get_shared_channel(c%mask._spectrum);
+              if (is_normalized) {
+                const Ttfloat _M = (Ttfloat)_mask.magnitude(2), M = _M*_M;
+                cimg_forZ(_img,z) cimg_for4x4(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T) {
+                  const Ttfloat N = M*(I[ 0]*I[ 0] + I[ 1]*I[ 1] + I[ 2]*I[ 2] + I[ 3]*I[ 3] +
+                                       I[ 4]*I[ 4] + I[ 5]*I[ 5] + I[ 6]*I[ 6] + I[ 7]*I[ 7] +
+                                       I[ 8]*I[ 8] + I[ 9]*I[ 9] + I[10]*I[10] + I[11]*I[11] +
+                                       I[12]*I[12] + I[13]*I[13] + I[14]*I[14] + I[15]*I[15]);
+                  *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(N?(I[ 0]*_mask[ 0] + I[ 1]*_mask[ 1] + I[ 2]*_mask[ 2] + I[ 3]*_mask[ 3] +
+                                           I[ 4]*_mask[ 4] + I[ 5]*_mask[ 5] + I[ 6]*_mask[ 6] + I[ 7]*_mask[ 7] +
+                                           I[ 8]*_mask[ 8] + I[ 9]*_mask[ 9] + I[10]*_mask[10] + I[11]*_mask[11] +
+                                           I[12]*_mask[12] + I[13]*_mask[13] + I[14]*_mask[14] + I[15]*_mask[15])/std::sqrt(N):0);
+                }
+              } else cimg_forZ(_img,z) cimg_for4x4(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T)
+                       *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(I[ 0]*_mask[ 0] + I[ 1]*_mask[ 1] + I[ 2]*_mask[ 2] + I[ 3]*_mask[ 3] +
+                                             I[ 4]*_mask[ 4] + I[ 5]*_mask[ 5] + I[ 6]*_mask[ 6] + I[ 7]*_mask[ 7] +
+                                             I[ 8]*_mask[ 8] + I[ 9]*_mask[ 9] + I[10]*_mask[10] + I[11]*_mask[11] +
+                                             I[12]*_mask[12] + I[13]*_mask[13] + I[14]*_mask[14] + I[15]*_mask[15]);
+            }
+          } break;
+          case 3 : {
+            T I[9] = { 0 };
+            cimg_forC(res,c) {
+              const CImg<T> _img = get_shared_channel(c%_spectrum);
+              const CImg<t> _mask = mask.get_shared_channel(c%mask._spectrum);
+              if (is_normalized) {
+                const Ttfloat _M = (Ttfloat)_mask.magnitude(2), M = _M*_M;
+                cimg_forZ(_img,z) cimg_for3x3(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T) {
+                  const Ttfloat N = M*(I[0]*I[0] + I[1]*I[1] + I[2]*I[2] +
+                                       I[3]*I[3] + I[4]*I[4] + I[5]*I[5] +
+                                       I[6]*I[6] + I[7]*I[7] + I[8]*I[8]);
+                  *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(N?(I[0]*_mask[0] + I[1]*_mask[1] + I[2]*_mask[2] +
+                                           I[3]*_mask[3] + I[4]*_mask[4] + I[5]*_mask[5] +
+                                           I[6]*_mask[6] + I[7]*_mask[7] + I[8]*_mask[8])/std::sqrt(N):0);
+                }
+              } else cimg_forZ(_img,z) cimg_for3x3(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T)
+                       *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(I[0]*_mask[0] + I[1]*_mask[1] + I[2]*_mask[2] +
+                                             I[3]*_mask[3] + I[4]*_mask[4] + I[5]*_mask[5] +
+                                             I[6]*_mask[6] + I[7]*_mask[7] + I[8]*_mask[8]);
+            }
+          } break;
+          case 2 : {
+            T I[4] = { 0 };
+            cimg_forC(res,c) {
+              const CImg<T> _img = get_shared_channel(c%_spectrum);
+              const CImg<t> _mask = mask.get_shared_channel(c%mask._spectrum);
+              if (is_normalized) {
+                const Ttfloat _M = (Ttfloat)_mask.magnitude(2), M = _M*_M;
+                cimg_forZ(_img,z) cimg_for2x2(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T) {
+                  const Ttfloat N = M*(I[0]*I[0] + I[1]*I[1] +
+                                       I[2]*I[2] + I[3]*I[3]);
+                  *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(N?(I[0]*_mask[0] + I[1]*_mask[1] +
+                                           I[2]*_mask[2] + I[3]*_mask[3])/std::sqrt(N):0);
+                }
+              } else cimg_forZ(_img,z) cimg_for2x2(_img,x,y,z,0,I,T)
+                       *(ptrd++) = (Ttfloat)(I[0]*_mask[0] + I[1]*_mask[1] +
+                                             I[2]*_mask[2] + I[3]*_mask[3]);
+            }
+          } break;
+          case 1 :
+            if (is_normalized) res.fill(1);
+            else cimg_forC(res,c) {
+                const CImg<T> _img = get_shared_channel(c%_spectrum);
+                const CImg<t> _mask = mask.get_shared_channel(c%mask._spectrum);
+                res.get_shared_channel(c).assign(_img)*=_mask[0];
+              }
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      } else { // Generic version for other masks and borders conditions.
+        const int
+          mx2 = mask.width()/2, my2 = mask.height()/2, mz2 = mask.depth()/2,
+          mx1 = mx2 - 1 + (mask.width()%2), my1 = my2 - 1 + (mask.height()%2), mz1 = mz2 - 1 + (mask.depth()%2),
+          mxe = width() - mx2, mye = height() - my2, mze = depth() - mz2;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (res._spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+        cimg_forC(res,c) {
+          const CImg<T> _img = get_shared_channel(c%_spectrum);
+          const CImg<t> _mask = mask.get_shared_channel(c%mask._spectrum);
+          if (is_normalized) { // Normalized correlation.
+            const Ttfloat _M = (Ttfloat)_mask.magnitude(2), M = _M*_M;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width*_height*_depth>=32768)
+#endif
+            for (int z = mz1; z<mze; ++z)
+              for (int y = my1; y<mye; ++y)
+                for (int x = mx1; x<mxe; ++x) {
+                  Ttfloat val = 0, N = 0;
+                  for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
+                    for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
+                      for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
+                        const Ttfloat _val = (Ttfloat)_img(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm);
+                        val+=_val*_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
+                        N+=_val*_val;
+                      }
+                  N*=M;
+                  res(x,y,z,c) = (Ttfloat)(N?val/std::sqrt(N):0);
+                }
+            if (boundary_conditions)
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZ(res,y,z)
+                for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
+                  Ttfloat val = 0, N = 0;
+                  for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
+                    for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
+                      for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
+                        const Ttfloat _val = (Ttfloat)_img._atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm);
+                        val+=_val*_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
+                        N+=_val*_val;
+                      }
+                  N*=M;
+                  res(x,y,z,c) = (Ttfloat)(N?val/std::sqrt(N):0);
+                }
+            else
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZ(res,y,z)
+                for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
+                  Ttfloat val = 0, N = 0;
+                  for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
+                    for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
+                      for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
+                        const Ttfloat _val = (Ttfloat)_img.atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm,0,0);
+                        val+=_val*_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
+                        N+=_val*_val;
+                      }
+                  N*=M;
+                  res(x,y,z,c) = (Ttfloat)(N?val/std::sqrt(N):0);
+                }
+          } else { // Classical correlation.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width*_height*_depth>=32768)
+#endif
+            for (int z = mz1; z<mze; ++z)
+              for (int y = my1; y<mye; ++y)
+                for (int x = mx1; x<mxe; ++x) {
+                  Ttfloat val = 0;
+                  for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
+                    for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
+                      for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm)
+                        val+=_img(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm)*_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
+                  res(x,y,z,c) = (Ttfloat)val;
+                }
+            if (boundary_conditions)
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZ(res,y,z)
+                for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
+                  Ttfloat val = 0;
+                  for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
+                    for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
+                      for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm)
+                        val+=_img._atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm)*_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
+                  res(x,y,z,c) = (Ttfloat)val;
+                }
+            else
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
+#endif
+              cimg_forYZ(res,y,z)
+                for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
+                  Ttfloat val = 0;
+                  for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
+                    for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
+                      for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm)
+                        val+=_img.atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm,0,0)*_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
+                  res(x,y,z,c) = (Ttfloat)val;
+                }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Convolve image by a mask.
+    /**
+       \param mask = the correlation kernel.
+       \param boundary_conditions = the border condition type (0=zero, 1=dirichlet)
+       \param is_normalized = enable local normalization.
+       \note
+       - The result \p res of the convolution of an image \p img by a mask \p mask is defined to be:
+       res(x,y,z) = sum_{i,j,k} img(x-i,y-j,z-k)*mask(i,j,k)
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& convolve(const CImg<t>& mask, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=1, const bool is_normalized=false) {
+      if (is_empty() || !mask) return *this;
+      return get_convolve(mask,boundary_conditions,is_normalized).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Convolve image by a mask \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<_cimg_Ttfloat> get_convolve(const CImg<t>& mask, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=1,
+                                     const bool is_normalized=false) const {
+      if (is_empty() || !mask) return *this;
+      return get_correlate(CImg<t>(mask._data,mask.size(),1,1,1,true).get_mirror('x').
+                           resize(mask,-1),boundary_conditions,is_normalized);
+    }
+
+    //! Erode image by a structuring element.
+    /**
+       \param mask Structuring element.
+       \param boundary_conditions Boundary conditions.
+       \param is_normalized Tells if the erosion is locally normalized.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& erode(const CImg<t>& mask, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=1,
+                   const bool is_normalized=false) {
+      if (is_empty() || !mask) return *this;
+      return get_erode(mask,boundary_conditions,is_normalized).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Erode image by a structuring element \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<_cimg_Tt> get_erode(const CImg<t>& mask, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=1,
+                             const bool is_normalized=false) const {
+      if (is_empty() || !mask) return *this;
+      typedef _cimg_Tt Tt;
+      CImg<Tt> res(_width,_height,_depth,cimg::max(_spectrum,mask._spectrum));
+      const int
+        mx2 = mask.width()/2, my2 = mask.height()/2, mz2 = mask.depth()/2,
+        mx1 = mx2 - 1 + (mask.width()%2), my1 = my2 - 1 + (mask.height()%2), mz1 = mz2 - 1 + (mask.depth()%2),
+        mxe = width() - mx2, mye = height() - my2, mze = depth() - mz2;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+      cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+        const CImg<T> _img = get_shared_channel(c%_spectrum);
+        const CImg<t> _mask = mask.get_shared_channel(c%mask._spectrum);
+        if (is_normalized) { // Normalized erosion.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width*_height*_depth>=32768)
+#endif
+          for (int z = mz1; z<mze; ++z)
+            for (int y = my1; y<mye; ++y)
+              for (int x = mx1; x<mxe; ++x) {
+                Tt min_val = cimg::type<Tt>::max();
+                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
+                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
+                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
+                      const t mval = _mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
+                      const Tt cval = (Tt)(_img(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm) + mval);
+                      if (mval && cval<min_val) min_val = cval;
+                    }
+                res(x,y,z,c) = min_val;
+              }
+          if (boundary_conditions)
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
+#endif
+            cimg_forYZ(res,y,z)
+              for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
+                Tt min_val = cimg::type<Tt>::max();
+                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
+                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
+                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
+                      const t mval = _mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
+                      const Tt cval = (Tt)(_img._atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm) + mval);
+                      if (mval && cval<min_val) min_val = cval;
+                    }
+                res(x,y,z,c) = min_val;
+              }
+          else
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
+#endif
+            cimg_forYZ(res,y,z)
+              for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
+                Tt min_val = cimg::type<Tt>::max();
+                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
+                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
+                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
+                      const t mval = _mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
+                      const Tt cval = (Tt)(_img.atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm,0,0) + mval);
+                      if (mval && cval<min_val) min_val = cval;
+                    }
+                res(x,y,z,c) = min_val;
+              }
+
+        } else { // Classical erosion.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width*_height*_depth>=32768)
+#endif
+          for (int z = mz1; z<mze; ++z)
+            for (int y = my1; y<mye; ++y)
+              for (int x = mx1; x<mxe; ++x) {
+                Tt min_val = cimg::type<Tt>::max();
+                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
+                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
+                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
+                      const Tt cval = (Tt)_img(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm);
+                      if (_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm) && cval<min_val) min_val = cval;
+                    }
+                res(x,y,z,c) = min_val;
+              }
+          if (boundary_conditions)
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
+#endif
+            cimg_forYZ(res,y,z)
+              for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
+                Tt min_val = cimg::type<Tt>::max();
+                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
+                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
+                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
+                      const T cval = (Tt)_img._atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm);
+                      if (_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm) && cval<min_val) min_val = cval;
+                    }
+                res(x,y,z,c) = min_val;
+              }
+          else
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
+#endif
+            cimg_forYZ(res,y,z)
+              for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
+                Tt min_val = cimg::type<Tt>::max();
+                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
+                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
+                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
+                      const T cval = (Tt)_img.atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm,0,0);
+                      if (_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm) && cval<min_val) min_val = cval;
+                    }
+                res(x,y,z,c) = min_val;
+              }
+        }
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Erode image by a rectangular structuring element of specified size.
+    /**
+       \param sx Width of the structuring element.
+       \param sy Height of the structuring element.
+       \param sz Depth of the structuring element.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& erode(const unsigned int sx, const unsigned int sy, const unsigned int sz=1) {
+      if (is_empty() || (sx==1 && sy==1 && sz==1)) return *this;
+      if (sx>1 && _width>1) { // Along X-axis.
+        const int L = width(), off = 1, s = (int)sx, _s1 = s/2, _s2 = s - _s1, s1 = _s1>L?L:_s1, s2 = _s2>L?L:_s2;
+        CImg<T> buf(L);
+#ifdef cimg_use_opemp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) firstprivate(buf) if (size()>524288)
+#endif
+        cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+          T *const ptrdb = buf._data, *ptrd = buf._data, *const ptrde = buf._data + L - 1;
+          const T *const ptrsb = data(0,y,z,c), *ptrs = ptrsb, *const ptrse = ptrs + L*off - off;
+          T cur = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; bool is_first = true;
+          for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrs<=ptrse; --p) {
+            const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; if (val<=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }}
+          *(ptrd++) = cur;
+          if (ptrs>=ptrse) {
+            T *pd = data(0,y,z,c); cur = cimg::min(cur,*ptrse); cimg_forX(buf,x) { *pd = cur; pd+=off; }
+          } else {
+            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrd<=ptrde; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs<ptrse) ptrs+=off; if (val<=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }
+              *(ptrd++) = cur;
+            }
+            for (int p = L - s - 1; p>0; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off;
+              if (is_first) {
+                const T *nptrs = ptrs - off; cur = val;
+                for (int q = s - 2; q>0; --q) { nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval<cur) cur = nval; }
+                nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval<cur) { cur = nval; is_first = true; } else is_first = false;
+              } else { if (val<=cur) cur = val; else if (cur==*(ptrs-s*off)) is_first = true; }
+              *(ptrd++) = cur;
+            }
+            ptrd = ptrde; ptrs = ptrse; cur = *ptrs; ptrs-=off;
+            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrs>=ptrsb; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs-=off; if (val<cur) cur = val;
+            }
+            *(ptrd--) = cur;
+            for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrd>=ptrdb; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs>ptrsb) ptrs-=off; if (val<cur) cur = val; *(ptrd--) = cur;
+            }
+            T *pd = data(0,y,z,c); cimg_for(buf,ps,T) { *pd = *ps; pd+=off; }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (sy>1 && _height>1) { // Along Y-axis.
+        const int L = height(), off = width(), s = (int)sy, _s1 = s/2, _s2 = s - _s1, s1 = _s1>L?L:_s1,
+          s2 = _s2>L?L:_s2;
+        CImg<T> buf(L);
+#ifdef cimg_use_opemp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) firstprivate(buf) if (size()>524288)
+#endif
+        cimg_forXZC(*this,x,z,c) {
+          T *const ptrdb = buf._data, *ptrd = ptrdb, *const ptrde = buf._data + L - 1;
+          const T *const ptrsb = data(x,0,z,c), *ptrs = ptrsb, *const ptrse = ptrs + L*off - off;
+          T cur = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; bool is_first = true;
+          for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrs<=ptrse; --p) {
+            const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; if (val<=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }
+          }
+          *(ptrd++) = cur;
+          if (ptrs>=ptrse) {
+            T *pd = data(x,0,z,c); cur = cimg::min(cur,*ptrse); cimg_forX(buf,x) { *pd = cur; pd+=off; }
+          } else {
+            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrd<=ptrde; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs<ptrse) ptrs+=off; if (val<=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }
+              *(ptrd++) = cur;
+            }
+            for (int p = L - s - 1; p>0; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off;
+              if (is_first) {
+                const T *nptrs = ptrs - off; cur = val;
+                for (int q = s - 2; q>0; --q) { nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval<cur) cur = nval; }
+                nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval<cur) { cur = nval; is_first = true; } else is_first = false;
+              } else { if (val<=cur) cur = val; else if (cur==*(ptrs-s*off)) is_first = true; }
+              *(ptrd++) = cur;
+            }
+            ptrd = ptrde; ptrs = ptrse; cur = *ptrs; ptrs-=off;
+            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrs>=ptrsb; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs-=off; if (val<cur) cur = val;
+            }
+            *(ptrd--) = cur;
+            for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrd>=ptrdb; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs>ptrsb) ptrs-=off; if (val<cur) cur = val; *(ptrd--) = cur;
+            }
+            T *pd = data(x,0,z,c); cimg_for(buf,ps,T) { *pd = *ps; pd+=off; }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (sz>1 && _depth>1) { // Along Z-axis.
+        const int L = depth(), off = width()*height(), s = (int)sz, _s1 = s/2, _s2 = s - _s1, s1 = _s1>L?L:_s1,
+          s2 = _s2>L?L:_s2;
+        CImg<T> buf(L);
+#ifdef cimg_use_opemp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) firstprivate(buf) if (size()>524288)
+#endif
+        cimg_forXYC(*this,x,y,c) {
+          T *const ptrdb = buf._data, *ptrd = ptrdb, *const ptrde = buf._data + L - 1;
+          const T *const ptrsb = data(x,y,0,c), *ptrs = ptrsb, *const ptrse = ptrs + L*off - off;
+          T cur = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; bool is_first = true;
+          for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrs<=ptrse; --p) {
+            const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; if (val<=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }
+          }
+          *(ptrd++) = cur;
+          if (ptrs>=ptrse) {
+            T *pd = data(x,y,0,c); cur = cimg::min(cur,*ptrse); cimg_forX(buf,x) { *pd = cur; pd+=off; }
+          } else {
+            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrd<=ptrde; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs<ptrse) ptrs+=off; if (val<=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }
+              *(ptrd++) = cur;
+            }
+            for (int p = L - s - 1; p>0; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off;
+              if (is_first) {
+                const T *nptrs = ptrs - off; cur = val;
+                for (int q = s - 2; q>0; --q) { nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval<cur) cur = nval; }
+                nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval<cur) { cur = nval; is_first = true; } else is_first = false;
+              } else { if (val<=cur) cur = val; else if (cur==*(ptrs-s*off)) is_first = true; }
+              *(ptrd++) = cur;
+            }
+            ptrd = ptrde; ptrs = ptrse; cur = *ptrs; ptrs-=off;
+            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrs>=ptrsb; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs-=off; if (val<cur) cur = val;
+            }
+            *(ptrd--) = cur;
+            for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrd>=ptrdb; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs>ptrsb) ptrs-=off; if (val<cur) cur = val; *(ptrd--) = cur;
+            }
+            T *pd = data(x,y,0,c); cimg_for(buf,ps,T) { *pd = *ps; pd+=off; }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Erode image by a rectangular structuring element of specified size \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_erode(const unsigned int sx, const unsigned int sy, const unsigned int sz=1) const {
+      return (+*this).erode(sx,sy,sz);
+    }
+
+    //! Erode the image by a square structuring element of specified size.
+    /**
+       \param s Size of the structuring element.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& erode(const unsigned int s) {
+      return erode(s,s,s);
+    }
+
+    //! Erode the image by a square structuring element of specified size \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_erode(const unsigned int s) const {
+      return (+*this).erode(s);
+    }
+
+    //! Dilate image by a structuring element.
+    /**
+       \param mask Structuring element.
+       \param boundary_conditions Boundary conditions.
+       \param is_normalized Tells if the erosion is locally normalized.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& dilate(const CImg<t>& mask, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=1,
+                    const bool is_normalized=false) {
+      if (is_empty() || !mask) return *this;
+      return get_dilate(mask,boundary_conditions,is_normalized).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Dilate image by a structuring element \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<_cimg_Tt> get_dilate(const CImg<t>& mask, const unsigned int boundary_conditions=1,
+                              const bool is_normalized=false) const {
+      if (is_empty() || !mask) return *this;
+      typedef _cimg_Tt Tt;
+      CImg<Tt> res(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+      const int
+        mx2 = mask.width()/2, my2 = mask.height()/2, mz2 = mask.depth()/2,
+        mx1 = mx2 - 1 + (mask.width()%2), my1 = my2 - 1 + (mask.height()%2), mz1 = mz2 - 1 + (mask.depth()%2),
+        mxe = width() - mx2, mye = height() - my2, mze = depth() - mz2;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+      cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+        const CImg<T> _img = get_shared_channel(c%_spectrum);
+        const CImg<t> _mask = mask.get_shared_channel(c%mask._spectrum);
+        if (is_normalized) { // Normalized dilation.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width*_height*_depth>=32768)
+#endif
+          for (int z = mz1; z<mze; ++z)
+            for (int y = my1; y<mye; ++y)
+              for (int x = mx1; x<mxe; ++x) {
+                Tt max_val = cimg::type<Tt>::min();
+                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
+                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
+                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
+                      const t mval = _mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
+                      const Tt cval = (Tt)(_img(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm) - mval);
+                      if (mval && cval>max_val) max_val = cval;
+                    }
+                res(x,y,z,c) = max_val;
+              }
+          if (boundary_conditions)
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
+#endif
+            cimg_forYZ(res,y,z)
+              for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
+                Tt max_val = cimg::type<Tt>::min();
+                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
+                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
+                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
+                      const t mval = _mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
+                      const Tt cval = (Tt)(_img._atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm) - mval);
+                      if (mval && cval>max_val) max_val = cval;
+                    }
+                res(x,y,z,c) = max_val;
+              }
+          else
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
+#endif
+            cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z)
+              for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
+                Tt max_val = cimg::type<Tt>::min();
+                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
+                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
+                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
+                      const t mval = _mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm);
+                      const Tt cval = (Tt)(_img.atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm,0,0) - mval);
+                      if (mval && cval>max_val) max_val = cval;
+                    }
+                res(x,y,z,c) = max_val;
+              }
+        } else { // Classical dilation.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
+#endif
+          for (int z = mz1; z<mze; ++z)
+            for (int y = my1; y<mye; ++y)
+              for (int x = mx1; x<mxe; ++x) {
+                Tt max_val = cimg::type<Tt>::min();
+                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
+                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
+                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
+                      const Tt cval = (Tt)_img(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm);
+                      if (_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm) && cval>max_val) max_val = cval;
+                    }
+                res(x,y,z,c) = max_val;
+              }
+          if (boundary_conditions)
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
+#endif
+            cimg_forYZ(res,y,z)
+              for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
+                Tt max_val = cimg::type<Tt>::min();
+                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
+                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
+                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
+                      const T cval = (Tt)_img._atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm);
+                      if (_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm) && cval>max_val) max_val = cval;
+                    }
+                res(x,y,z,c) = max_val;
+              }
+          else
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=128)
+#endif
+            cimg_forYZ(res,y,z)
+              for (int x = 0; x<width(); (y<my1 || y>=mye || z<mz1 || z>=mze)?++x:((x<mx1-1 || x>=mxe)?++x:(x=mxe))) {
+                Tt max_val = cimg::type<Tt>::min();
+                for (int zm = -mz1; zm<=mz2; ++zm)
+                  for (int ym = -my1; ym<=my2; ++ym)
+                    for (int xm = -mx1; xm<=mx2; ++xm) {
+                      const T cval = (Tt)_img.atXYZ(x+xm,y+ym,z+zm,0,0);
+                      if (_mask(mx1+xm,my1+ym,mz1+zm) && cval>max_val) max_val = cval;
+                    }
+                res(x,y,z,c) = max_val;
+              }
+        }
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Dilate image by a rectangular structuring element of specified size.
+    /**
+       \param sx Width of the structuring element.
+       \param sy Height of the structuring element.
+       \param sz Depth of the structuring element.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& dilate(const unsigned int sx, const unsigned int sy, const unsigned int sz=1) {
+      if (is_empty() || (sx==1 && sy==1 && sz==1)) return *this;
+      if (sx>1 && _width>1) { // Along X-axis.
+        const int L = width(), off = 1, s = (int)sx, _s2 = s/2 + 1, _s1 = s - _s2, s1 = _s1>L?L:_s1, s2 = _s2>L?L:_s2;
+        CImg<T> buf(L);
+#ifdef cimg_use_opemp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) firstprivate(buf) if (size()>524288)
+#endif
+        cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+          T *const ptrdb = buf._data, *ptrd = ptrdb, *const ptrde = buf._data + L - 1;
+          const T *const ptrsb = data(0,y,z,c), *ptrs = ptrsb, *const ptrse = ptrs + L*off - off;
+          T cur = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; bool is_first = true;
+          for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrs<=ptrse; --p) {
+            const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; if (val>=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }
+          }
+          *(ptrd++) = cur;
+          if (ptrs>=ptrse) {
+            T *pd = data(0,y,z,c); cur = cimg::max(cur,*ptrse); cimg_forX(buf,x) { *pd = cur; pd+=off; }
+          } else {
+            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrd<=ptrde; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs<ptrse) ptrs+=off; if (val>=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }
+              *(ptrd++) = cur;
+            }
+            for (int p = L - s - 1; p>0; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off;
+              if (is_first) {
+                const T *nptrs = ptrs - off; cur = val;
+                for (int q = s - 2; q>0; --q) { nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval>cur) cur = nval; }
+                nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval>cur) { cur = nval; is_first = true; } else is_first = false;
+              } else { if (val>=cur) cur = val; else if (cur==*(ptrs-s*off)) is_first = true; }
+              *(ptrd++) = cur;
+            }
+            ptrd = ptrde; ptrs = ptrse; cur = *ptrs; ptrs-=off;
+            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrs>=ptrsb; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs-=off; if (val>cur) cur = val;
+            }
+            *(ptrd--) = cur;
+            for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrd>=ptrdb; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs>ptrsb) ptrs-=off; if (val>cur) cur = val; *(ptrd--) = cur;
+            }
+            T *pd = data(0,y,z,c); cimg_for(buf,ps,T) { *pd = *ps; pd+=off; }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (sy>1 && _height>1) { // Along Y-axis.
+        const int L = height(), off = width(), s = (int)sy, _s2 = s/2 + 1, _s1 = s - _s2, s1 = _s1>L?L:_s1,
+          s2 = _s2>L?L:_s2;
+        CImg<T> buf(L);
+#ifdef cimg_use_opemp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) firstprivate(buf) if (size()>524288)
+#endif
+        cimg_forXZC(*this,x,z,c) {
+          T *const ptrdb = buf._data, *ptrd = ptrdb, *const ptrde = buf._data + L - 1;
+          const T *const ptrsb = data(x,0,z,c), *ptrs = ptrsb, *const ptrse = ptrs + L*off - off;
+          T cur = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; bool is_first = true;
+          for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrs<=ptrse; --p) {
+            const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; if (val>=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }
+          }
+          *(ptrd++) = cur;
+          if (ptrs>=ptrse) {
+            T *pd = data(x,0,z,c); cur = cimg::max(cur,*ptrse); cimg_forX(buf,x) { *pd = cur; pd+=off; }
+          } else {
+            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrd<=ptrde; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs<ptrse) ptrs+=off; if (val>=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }
+              *(ptrd++) = cur;
+            }
+            for (int p = L - s - 1; p>0; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off;
+              if (is_first) {
+                const T *nptrs = ptrs - off; cur = val;
+                for (int q = s - 2; q>0; --q) { nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval>cur) cur = nval; }
+                nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval>cur) { cur = nval; is_first = true; } else is_first = false;
+              } else { if (val>=cur) cur = val; else if (cur==*(ptrs-s*off)) is_first = true; }
+              *(ptrd++) = cur;
+            }
+            ptrd = ptrde; ptrs = ptrse; cur = *ptrs; ptrs-=off;
+            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrs>=ptrsb; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs-=off; if (val>cur) cur = val;
+            }
+            *(ptrd--) = cur;
+            for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrd>=ptrdb; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs>ptrsb) ptrs-=off; if (val>cur) cur = val; *(ptrd--) = cur;
+            }
+            T *pd = data(x,0,z,c); cimg_for(buf,ps,T) { *pd = *ps; pd+=off; }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (sz>1 && _depth>1) { // Along Z-axis.
+        const int L = depth(), off = width()*height(), s = (int)sz, _s2 = s/2 + 1, _s1 = s - _s2, s1 = _s1>L?L:_s1,
+          s2 = _s2>L?L:_s2;
+        CImg<T> buf(L);
+#ifdef cimg_use_opemp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) firstprivate(buf) if (size()>524288)
+#endif
+        cimg_forXYC(*this,x,y,c) {
+          T *const ptrdb = buf._data, *ptrd = ptrdb, *const ptrde = buf._data + L - 1;
+          const T *const ptrsb = data(x,y,0,c), *ptrs = ptrsb, *const ptrse = ptrs + L*off - off;
+          T cur = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; bool is_first = true;
+          for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrs<=ptrse; --p) {
+            const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off; if (val>=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }
+          }
+          *(ptrd++) = cur;
+          if (ptrs>=ptrse) {
+            T *pd = data(x,y,0,c); cur = cimg::max(cur,*ptrse); cimg_forX(buf,x) { *pd = cur; pd+=off; }
+          } else {
+            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrd<=ptrde; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs<ptrse) ptrs+=off; if (val>=cur) { cur = val; is_first = false; }
+              *(ptrd++) = cur;
+            }
+            for (int p = L - s - 1; p>0; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs+=off;
+              if (is_first) {
+                const T *nptrs = ptrs - off; cur = val;
+                for (int q = s - 2; q>0; --q) { nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval>cur) cur = nval; }
+                nptrs-=off; const T nval = *nptrs; if (nval>cur) { cur = nval; is_first = true; } else is_first = false;
+              } else { if (val>=cur) cur = val; else if (cur==*(ptrs-s*off)) is_first = true; }
+              *(ptrd++) = cur;
+            }
+            ptrd = ptrde; ptrs = ptrse; cur = *ptrs; ptrs-=off;
+            for (int p = s1; p>0 && ptrs>=ptrsb; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; ptrs-=off; if (val>cur) cur = val;
+            }
+            *(ptrd--) = cur;
+            for (int p = s2 - 1; p>0 && ptrd>=ptrdb; --p) {
+              const T val = *ptrs; if (ptrs>ptrsb) ptrs-=off; if (val>cur) cur = val; *(ptrd--) = cur;
+            }
+            T *pd = data(x,y,0,c); cimg_for(buf,ps,T) { *pd = *ps; pd+=off; }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Dilate image by a rectangular structuring element of specified size \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_dilate(const unsigned int sx, const unsigned int sy, const unsigned int sz=1) const {
+      return (+*this).dilate(sx,sy,sz);
+    }
+
+    //! Dilate image by a square structuring element of specified size.
+    /**
+       \param s Size of the structuring element.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& dilate(const unsigned int s) {
+      return dilate(s,s,s);
+    }
+
+    //! Dilate image by a square structuring element of specified size \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_dilate(const unsigned int s) const {
+      return (+*this).dilate(s);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute watershed transform.
+    /**
+       \param priority Priority map.
+       \param fill_lines Tells if watershed lines must be filled or not.
+       \note Non-zero values of the instance instance are propagated to zero-valued ones according to
+         specified the priority map.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& watershed(const CImg<t>& priority, const bool fill_lines=true) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (!is_sameXYZ(priority))
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "watershed(): image instance and specified priority (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) "
+                                    "have different dimensions.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    priority._width,priority._height,priority._depth,priority._spectrum,priority._data);
+      if (_spectrum!=1) {
+        cimg_forC(*this,c)
+          get_shared_channel(c).watershed(priority.get_shared_channel(c%priority._spectrum),fill_lines);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      CImg<boolT> is_queued(_width,_height,_depth,1,0);
+      CImg<typename cimg::superset2<T,t,int>::type> Q;
+      unsigned int sizeQ = 0;
+
+      // Find seed points and insert them in priority queue.
+      const T *ptrs = _data;
+      cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) if (*(ptrs++)) {
+        if (x-1>=0 && !(*this)(x-1,y,z))       Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x-1,y,z),x-1,y,z);
+        if (x+1<width() && !(*this)(x+1,y,z))  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x+1,y,z),x+1,y,z);
+        if (y-1>=0 && !(*this)(x,y-1,z))       Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y-1,z),x,y-1,z);
+        if (y+1<height() && !(*this)(x,y+1,z)) Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y+1,z),x,y+1,z);
+        if (z-1>=0 && !(*this)(x,y,z-1))       Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y,z-1),x,y,z-1);
+        if (z+1<depth() && !(*this)(x,y,z+1))  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y,z+1),x,y,z+1);
+      }
+
+      // Start watershed computation.
+      while (sizeQ) {
+
+        // Get and remove point with maximal priority from the queue.
+        const int x = (int)Q(0,1), y = (int)Q(0,2), z = (int)Q(0,3);
+        Q._priority_queue_remove(sizeQ);
+
+        // Check labels of the neighbors.
+        bool is_same_label = true;
+        unsigned int label = 0;
+        if (x-1>=0) {
+          if ((*this)(x-1,y,z)) {
+            if (!label) label = (unsigned int)(*this)(x-1,y,z);
+            else if (label!=(*this)(x-1,y,z)) is_same_label = false;
+          } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x-1,y,z),x-1,y,z);
+        }
+        if (x+1<width()) {
+          if ((*this)(x+1,y,z)) {
+            if (!label) label = (unsigned int)(*this)(x+1,y,z);
+            else if (label!=(*this)(x+1,y,z)) is_same_label = false;
+          } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x+1,y,z),x+1,y,z);
+        }
+        if (y-1>=0) {
+          if ((*this)(x,y-1,z)) {
+            if (!label) label = (unsigned int)(*this)(x,y-1,z);
+            else if (label!=(*this)(x,y-1,z)) is_same_label = false;
+          } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y-1,z),x,y-1,z);
+        }
+        if (y+1<height()) {
+          if ((*this)(x,y+1,z)) {
+            if (!label) label = (unsigned int)(*this)(x,y+1,z);
+            else if (label!=(*this)(x,y+1,z)) is_same_label = false;
+          } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y+1,z),x,y+1,z);
+        }
+        if (z-1>=0) {
+          if ((*this)(x,y,z-1)) {
+            if (!label) label = (unsigned int)(*this)(x,y,z-1);
+            else if (label!=(*this)(x,y,z-1)) is_same_label = false;
+          } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y,z-1),x,y,z-1);
+        }
+        if (z+1<depth()) {
+          if ((*this)(x,y,z+1)) {
+            if (!label) label = (unsigned int)(*this)(x,y,z+1);
+            else if (label!=(*this)(x,y,z+1)) is_same_label = false;
+          } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y,z+1),x,y,z+1);
+        }
+        if (is_same_label) (*this)(x,y,z) = (T)label;
+      }
+
+      // Fill lines.
+      if (fill_lines) {
+
+        // Sort all non-labeled pixels with labeled neighbors.
+        is_queued = false;
+        const T *ptrs = _data;
+        cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) if (!*(ptrs++) &&
+                                     ((x-1>=0 && (*this)(x-1,y,z)) || (x+1<width() && (*this)(x+1,y,z)) ||
+                                      (y-1>=0 && (*this)(x,y-1,z)) || (y+1<height() && (*this)(x,y+1,z)) ||
+                                      (z-1>=0 && (*this)(x,y,z-1)) || (z+1>depth() && (*this)(x,y,z+1))))
+          Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y,z),x,y,z);
+
+        // Start line filling process.
+        while (sizeQ) {
+          const int x = (int)Q(0,1), y = (int)Q(0,2), z = (int)Q(0,3);
+          Q._priority_queue_remove(sizeQ);
+          t pmax = cimg::type<t>::min();
+          int xmax = 0, ymax = 0, zmax = 0;
+          if (x-1>=0) {
+            if ((*this)(x-1,y,z)) {
+              if (priority(x-1,y,z)>pmax) { pmax = priority(x-1,y,z); xmax = x-1; ymax = y; zmax = z; }
+            } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x-1,y,z),x-1,y,z);
+          }
+          if (x+1<width()) {
+            if ((*this)(x+1,y,z)) {
+              if (priority(x+1,y,z)>pmax) { pmax = priority(x+1,y,z); xmax = x+1; ymax = y; zmax = z; }
+            } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x+1,y,z),x+1,y,z);
+          }
+          if (y-1>=0) {
+            if ((*this)(x,y-1,z)) {
+              if (priority(x,y-1,z)>pmax) { pmax = priority(x,y-1,z); xmax = x; ymax = y-1; zmax = z; }
+            } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y-1,z),x,y-1,z);
+          }
+          if (y+1<height()) {
+            if ((*this)(x,y+1,z)) {
+              if (priority(x,y+1,z)>pmax) { pmax = priority(x,y+1,z); xmax = x; ymax = y+1; zmax = z; }
+            } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y+1,z),x,y+1,z);
+          }
+          if (z-1>=0) {
+            if ((*this)(x,y,z-1)) {
+              if (priority(x,y,z-1)>pmax) { pmax = priority(x,y,z-1); xmax = x; ymax = y; zmax = z-1; }
+            } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y,z-1),x,y,z-1);
+          }
+          if (z+1<depth()) {
+            if ((*this)(x,y,z+1)) {
+              if (priority(x,y,z+1)>pmax) { pmax = priority(x,y,z+1); xmax = x; ymax = y; zmax = z+1; }
+            } else Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,priority(x,y,z+1),x,y,z+1);
+          }
+          (*this)(x,y,z) = (*this)(xmax,ymax,zmax);
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute watershed transform \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> get_watershed(const CImg<t>& priority, const bool fill_lines=true) const {
+      return (+*this).watershed(priority,fill_lines);
+    }
+
+    // [internal] Insert/Remove items in priority queue, for watershed/distance transforms.
+    template<typename t>
+    bool _priority_queue_insert(CImg<boolT>& is_queued, unsigned int& siz, const t value,
+                                const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z) {
+      if (is_queued(x,y,z)) return false;
+      is_queued(x,y,z) = true;
+      if (++siz>=_width) { if (!is_empty()) resize(_width*2,4,1,1,0); else assign(64,4); }
+      (*this)(siz-1,0) = (T)value; (*this)(siz-1,1) = (T)x; (*this)(siz-1,2) = (T)y; (*this)(siz-1,3) = (T)z;
+      for (unsigned int pos = siz - 1, par = 0; pos && value>(*this)(par=(pos+1)/2-1,0); pos = par) {
+        cimg::swap((*this)(pos,0),(*this)(par,0)); cimg::swap((*this)(pos,1),(*this)(par,1));
+        cimg::swap((*this)(pos,2),(*this)(par,2)); cimg::swap((*this)(pos,3),(*this)(par,3));
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    CImg<T>& _priority_queue_remove(unsigned int& siz) {
+      (*this)(0,0) = (*this)(--siz,0); (*this)(0,1) = (*this)(siz,1);
+      (*this)(0,2) = (*this)(siz,2); (*this)(0,3) = (*this)(siz,3);
+      const float value = (*this)(0,0);
+      for (unsigned int pos = 0, left = 0, right = 0;
+           ((right=2*(pos+1),(left=right-1))<siz && value<(*this)(left,0)) || (right<siz && value<(*this)(right,0));) {
+        if (right<siz) {
+          if ((*this)(left,0)>(*this)(right,0)) {
+            cimg::swap((*this)(pos,0),(*this)(left,0)); cimg::swap((*this)(pos,1),(*this)(left,1));
+            cimg::swap((*this)(pos,2),(*this)(left,2)); cimg::swap((*this)(pos,3),(*this)(left,3));
+            pos = left;
+          } else {
+            cimg::swap((*this)(pos,0),(*this)(right,0)); cimg::swap((*this)(pos,1),(*this)(right,1));
+            cimg::swap((*this)(pos,2),(*this)(right,2)); cimg::swap((*this)(pos,3),(*this)(right,3));
+            pos = right;
+          }
+        } else {
+          cimg::swap((*this)(pos,0),(*this)(left,0)); cimg::swap((*this)(pos,1),(*this)(left,1));
+          cimg::swap((*this)(pos,2),(*this)(left,2)); cimg::swap((*this)(pos,3),(*this)(left,3));
+          pos = left;
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Apply recursive Deriche filter.
+    /**
+       \param sigma Standard deviation of the filter.
+       \param order Order of the filter. Can be <tt>{ 0=smooth-filter | 1=1st-derivative | 2=2nd-derivative }</tt>.
+       \param axis Axis along which the filter is computed. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
+       \param boundary_conditions Boundary conditions. Can be <tt>{ 0=dirichlet | 1=neumann }</tt>.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& deriche(const float sigma, const int order=0, const char axis='x', const bool boundary_conditions=true) {
+#define _cimg_deriche_apply \
+  CImg<Tfloat> Y(N); \
+  Tfloat *ptrY = Y._data, yb = 0, yp = 0; \
+  T xp = (T)0; \
+  if (boundary_conditions) { xp = *ptrX; yb = yp = (Tfloat)(coefp*xp); } \
+  for (int m = 0; m<N; ++m) { \
+    const T xc = *ptrX; ptrX+=off; \
+    const Tfloat yc = *(ptrY++) = (Tfloat)(a0*xc + a1*xp - b1*yp - b2*yb); \
+    xp = xc; yb = yp; yp = yc; \
+  } \
+  T xn = (T)0, xa = (T)0; \
+  Tfloat yn = 0, ya = 0; \
+  if (boundary_conditions) { xn = xa = *(ptrX-off); yn = ya = (Tfloat)coefn*xn; } \
+  for (int n = N-1; n>=0; --n) { \
+    const T xc = *(ptrX-=off); \
+    const Tfloat yc = (Tfloat)(a2*xn + a3*xa - b1*yn - b2*ya); \
+    xa = xn; xn = xc; ya = yn; yn = yc; \
+    *ptrX = (T)(*(--ptrY)+yc); \
+  }
+      const char naxis = cimg::uncase(axis);
+      const float nsigma = sigma>=0?sigma:-sigma*(naxis=='x'?_width:naxis=='y'?_height:naxis=='z'?_depth:_spectrum)/100;
+      if (is_empty() || (nsigma<0.1f && !order)) return *this;
+      const float
+        nnsigma = nsigma<0.1f?0.1f:nsigma,
+        alpha = 1.695f/nnsigma,
+        ema = (float)std::exp(-alpha),
+        ema2 = (float)std::exp(-2*alpha),
+        b1 = -2*ema,
+        b2 = ema2;
+      float a0 = 0, a1 = 0, a2 = 0, a3 = 0, coefp = 0, coefn = 0;
+      switch (order) {
+      case 0 : {
+        const float k = (1-ema)*(1-ema)/(1+2*alpha*ema-ema2);
+        a0 = k;
+        a1 = k*(alpha-1)*ema;
+        a2 = k*(alpha+1)*ema;
+        a3 = -k*ema2;
+      } break;
+      case 1 : {
+        const float k = -(1-ema)*(1-ema)*(1-ema)/(2*(ema+1)*ema);
+	a0 = a3 = 0;
+	a1 = k*ema;
+        a2 = -a1;
+      } break;
+      case 2 : {
+        const float
+          ea = (float)std::exp(-alpha),
+          k = -(ema2-1)/(2*alpha*ema),
+          kn = (-2*(-1+3*ea-3*ea*ea+ea*ea*ea)/(3*ea+1+3*ea*ea+ea*ea*ea));
+        a0 = kn;
+        a1 = -kn*(1+k*alpha)*ema;
+        a2 = kn*(1-k*alpha)*ema;
+        a3 = -kn*ema2;
+      } break;
+      default :
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "deriche(): Invalid specified filter order %u "
+                                    "(should be { 0=smoothing | 1=1st-derivative | 2=2nd-derivative }).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    order);
+      }
+      coefp = (a0+a1)/(1+b1+b2);
+      coefn = (a2+a3)/(1+b1+b2);
+      switch (naxis) {
+      case 'x' : {
+        const int N = _width;
+        const unsigned long off = 1U;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=16)
+#endif
+        cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) { T *ptrX = data(0,y,z,c); _cimg_deriche_apply; }
+      } break;
+      case 'y' : {
+        const int N = _height;
+        const unsigned long off = (unsigned long)_width;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=16)
+#endif
+        cimg_forXZC(*this,x,z,c) { T *ptrX = data(x,0,z,c); _cimg_deriche_apply; }
+      } break;
+      case 'z' : {
+        const int N = _depth;
+        const unsigned long off = (unsigned long)_width*_height;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=16)
+#endif
+        cimg_forXYC(*this,x,y,c) { T *ptrX = data(x,y,0,c); _cimg_deriche_apply; }
+      } break;
+      default : {
+        const int N = _spectrum;
+        const unsigned long off = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=16)
+#endif
+        cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) { T *ptrX = data(x,y,z,0); _cimg_deriche_apply; }
+      }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Apply recursive Deriche filter \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_deriche(const float sigma, const int order=0, const char axis='x',
+                             const bool boundary_conditions=true) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).deriche(sigma,order,axis,boundary_conditions);
+    }
+
+    // [internal] Apply a recursive filter (used by CImg<T>::vanvliet()).
+    /**
+       \param ptr the pointer of the data
+       \param filter the coefficient of the filter in the following order [n,n-1,n-2,n-3].
+       \param N size of the data
+       \param off the offset between two data point
+       \param order the order of the filter 0 (smoothing), 1st derivtive, 2nd derivative, 3rd derivative
+       \param boundary_conditions Boundary conditions. Can be <tt>{ 0=dirichlet | 1=neumann }</tt>.
+       \note dirichlet boundary conditions have a strange behavior. And
+       boundary condition should be corrected using Bill Triggs method (IEEE trans on Sig Proc 2005).
+    **/
+    template <int K>
+    static void _cimg_recursive_apply(T *data, const Tfloat filter[], const int N, const unsigned long off,
+                                      const int order, const bool boundary_conditions) {
+      Tfloat val[K];  // res[n,n-1,n-2,n-3,..] or res[n,n+1,n+2,n+3,..]
+      switch (order) {
+      case 0 : {
+        for (int pass = 0; pass<2; ++pass) {
+          for (int k = 1; k<K; ++k) val[k] = (Tfloat)(boundary_conditions?*data:0);
+          for (int n = 0; n<N; ++n) {
+            val[0] = (Tfloat)(*data)*filter[0];
+            for (int k = 1; k<K; ++k) val[0]+=val[k]*filter[k];
+            *data = (T)val[0];
+            if (!pass) data+=off; else data-=off;
+            for (int k = K-1; k>0; --k) val[k] = val[k-1];
+          }
+          if (!pass) data-=off;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 1 : {
+        Tfloat x[3]; // [front,center,back]
+        for (int pass = 0; pass<2; ++pass) {
+          for (int k = 0; k<3; ++k) x[k] = (Tfloat)(boundary_conditions?*data:0);
+          for (int k = 0; k<K; ++k) val[k] = 0;
+          for (int n = 0; n<N-1; ++n) {
+            if (!pass) {
+              x[0] = (Tfloat)*(data+off);
+              val[0] = 0.5f * (x[0] - x[2])*filter[0];
+            } else val[0] = (Tfloat)(*data)*filter[0];
+            for (int k = 1; k<K; ++k) val[0]+=val[k]*filter[k];
+            *data = (T)val[0];
+            if (!pass) {
+              data+=off;
+              for (int k = 2; k>0; --k) x[k] = x[k-1];
+            } else data-=off;
+            for (int k = K-1; k>0; --k) val[k] = val[k-1];
+          }
+          *data = (T)0;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 2: {
+        Tfloat x[3]; // [front,center,back]
+        for (int pass = 0; pass<2; ++pass) {
+          for (int k = 0; k<3; ++k) x[k] = (Tfloat)(boundary_conditions?*data:0);
+          for (int k = 0; k<K; ++k) val[k] = 0;
+          for (int n = 0; n<N-1; ++n) {
+            if (!pass) { x[0] = (Tfloat)*(data+off); val[0] = (x[1] - x[2])*filter[0]; }
+            else { x[0] = (Tfloat)*(data-off); val[0] = (x[2] - x[1])*filter[0]; }
+            for (int k = 1; k<K; ++k) val[0]+=val[k]*filter[k];
+            *data = (T)val[0];
+            if (!pass) data+=off; else data-=off;
+            for (int k = 2; k>0; --k) x[k] = x[k-1];
+            for (int k = K-1; k>0; --k) val[k] = val[k-1];
+          }
+          *data = (T)0;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 3: {
+        Tfloat x[3]; // [front,center,back]
+        for (int pass = 0; pass<2; ++pass) {
+          for (int k = 0; k<3; ++k) x[k] = (Tfloat)(boundary_conditions?*data:0);
+          for (int k = 0; k<K; ++k) val[k] = 0;
+          for (int n = 0; n<N-1; ++n) {
+            if (!pass) { x[0] = (Tfloat)*(data+off); val[0] = (x[0] - 2*x[1] + x[2])*filter[0]; }
+            else { x[0] = (Tfloat)*(data-off); val[0] = 0.5f*(x[2] - x[0])*filter[0]; }
+            for (int k = 1; k<K; ++k) val[0]+=val[k]*filter[k];
+            *data = (T)val[0];
+            if (!pass) data+=off; else data-=off;
+            for (int k = 2; k>0; --k) x[k] = x[k-1];
+            for (int k = K-1; k>0; --k) val[k] = val[k-1];
+          }
+          *data = (T)0;
+        }
+      } break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    //! Van Vliet recursive Gaussian filter.
+    /**
+       \param sigma standard deviation of the Gaussian filter
+       \param order the order of the filter 0,1,2,3
+       \param axis  Axis along which the filter is computed. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
+       \param boundary_conditions Boundary conditions. Can be <tt>{ 0=dirichlet | 1=neumann }</tt>.
+       \note dirichlet boundary condition has a strange behavior
+
+       Ian T. Young, Lucas J. van Vliet, Recursive implementation of the
+       Gaussian filter, Signal Processing, Volume 44, Issue 2, June 1995,
+       Pages 139-151,
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& vanvliet(const float sigma, const int order, const char axis='x', const bool boundary_conditions=true) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const char naxis = cimg::uncase(axis);
+      const float nsigma = sigma>=0?sigma:-sigma*(naxis=='x'?_width:naxis=='y'?_height:naxis=='z'?_depth:_spectrum)/100;
+      if (is_empty() || (nsigma<0.1f && !order)) return *this;
+      const Tfloat
+        nnsigma = nsigma<0.1f?0.1f:nsigma,
+        q = (Tfloat)(nnsigma<2.5?3.97156-4.14554*std::sqrt(1-0.2689*nnsigma):0.98711*nnsigma-0.96330),
+        b0 = 1.57825f + 2.44413f*q + 1.4281f*q*q + 0.422205f*q*q*q,
+        b1 = (2.44413f*q + 2.85619f*q*q + 1.26661f*q*q*q),
+        b2 = -(1.4281f*q*q + 1.26661f*q*q*q),
+        b3 = 0.422205f*q*q*q,
+        B = 1.f - (b1 + b2 + b3)/b0;
+      Tfloat filter[4];
+      filter[0] = B; filter[1] = b1/b0; filter[2] = b2/b0; filter[3] = b3/b0;
+
+      switch (naxis) {
+      case 'x' : {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=16)
+#endif
+        cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c)
+          _cimg_recursive_apply<4>(data(0,y,z,c),filter,_width,1U,order,boundary_conditions);
+      } break;
+      case 'y' : {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=16)
+#endif
+        cimg_forXZC(*this,x,z,c)
+          _cimg_recursive_apply<4>(data(x,0,z,c),filter,_height,(unsigned long)_width,order,boundary_conditions);
+      } break;
+      case 'z' : {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=16)
+#endif
+        cimg_forXYC(*this,x,y,c)
+          _cimg_recursive_apply<4>(data(x,y,0,c),filter,_depth,(unsigned long)(_width*_height),
+                                   order,boundary_conditions);
+      } break;
+      default : {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=16)
+#endif
+        cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z)
+          _cimg_recursive_apply<4>(data(x,y,z,0),filter,_spectrum,(unsigned long)(_width*_height*_depth),
+                                   order,boundary_conditions);
+      }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Blur image using Van Vliet recursive Gaussian filter. \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_vanvliet(const float sigma, const int order, const char axis='x',
+                              const bool boundary_conditions=true) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).vanvliet(sigma,order,axis,boundary_conditions);
+    }
+
+    //! Blur image.
+    /**
+       \param sigma_x Standard deviation of the blur, along the X-axis.
+       \param sigma_y Standard deviation of the blur, along the Y-axis.
+       \param sigma_z Standard deviation of the blur, along the Z-axis.
+       \param boundary_conditions Boundary conditions. Can be <tt>{ false=dirichlet | true=neumann }</tt>.
+       \param is_gaussian Tells if the blur uses a gaussian (\c true) or quasi-gaussian (\c false) kernel.
+       \note
+       - The blur is computed as a 0-order Deriche filter. This is not a gaussian blur.
+       - This is a recursive algorithm, not depending on the values of the standard deviations.
+       \see deriche(), vanvliet().
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& blur(const float sigma_x, const float sigma_y, const float sigma_z,
+                  const bool boundary_conditions=true, const bool is_gaussian=false) {
+      if (!is_empty()) {
+        if (is_gaussian) {
+          if (_width>1) vanvliet(sigma_x,0,'x',boundary_conditions);
+          if (_height>1) vanvliet(sigma_y,0,'y',boundary_conditions);
+          if (_depth>1) vanvliet(sigma_z,0,'z',boundary_conditions);
+        } else {
+          if (_width>1) deriche(sigma_x,0,'x',boundary_conditions);
+          if (_height>1) deriche(sigma_y,0,'y',boundary_conditions);
+          if (_depth>1) deriche(sigma_z,0,'z',boundary_conditions);
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Blur image \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_blur(const float sigma_x, const float sigma_y, const float sigma_z,
+                          const bool boundary_conditions=true, const bool is_gaussian=false) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).blur(sigma_x,sigma_y,sigma_z,boundary_conditions,is_gaussian);
+    }
+
+    //! Blur image isotropically.
+    /**
+       \param sigma Standard deviation of the blur.
+       \param boundary_conditions Boundary conditions. Can be <tt>{ 0=dirichlet | 1=neumann }</tt>.a
+       \see deriche(), vanvliet().
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& blur(const float sigma, const bool boundary_conditions=true, const bool is_gaussian=false) {
+      const float nsigma = sigma>=0?sigma:-sigma*cimg::max(_width,_height,_depth)/100;
+      return blur(nsigma,nsigma,nsigma,boundary_conditions,is_gaussian);
+    }
+
+    //! Blur image isotropically \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_blur(const float sigma, const bool boundary_conditions=true, const bool is_gaussian=false) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).blur(sigma,boundary_conditions,is_gaussian);
+    }
+
+    //! Blur image anisotropically, directed by a field of diffusion tensors.
+    /**
+       \param G Field of square roots of diffusion tensors/vectors used to drive the smoothing.
+       \param amplitude Amplitude of the smoothing.
+       \param dl Spatial discretization.
+       \param da Angular discretization.
+       \param gauss_prec Precision of the diffusion process.
+       \param interpolation_type Interpolation scheme.
+         Can be <tt>{ 0=nearest-neighbor | 1=linear | 2=Runge-Kutta }</tt>.
+       \param is_fast_approx Tells if a fast approximation of the gaussian function is used or not.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& blur_anisotropic(const CImg<t>& G,
+                              const float amplitude=60, const float dl=0.8f, const float da=30,
+                              const float gauss_prec=2, const unsigned int interpolation_type=0,
+                              const bool is_fast_approx=1) {
+
+      // Check arguments and init variables
+      if (!is_sameXYZ(G) || (G._spectrum!=3 && G._spectrum!=6))
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "blur_anisotropic(): Invalid specified diffusion tensor field (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    G._width,G._height,G._depth,G._spectrum,G._data);
+
+      if (is_empty() || amplitude<=0 || dl<0) return *this;
+      const bool is_3d = (G._spectrum==6);
+      T val_min, val_max = max_min(val_min);
+
+      if (da<=0) {  // Iterated oriented Laplacians
+        CImg<Tfloat> velocity(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+        for (unsigned int iteration = 0; iteration<(unsigned int)amplitude; ++iteration) {
+          Tfloat *ptrd = velocity._data, veloc_max = 0;
+          if (is_3d) // 3d version
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
+              cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
+                const Tfloat
+                  ixx = Incc + Ipcc - 2*Iccc,
+                  ixy = (Innc + Ippc - Inpc - Ipnc)/4,
+                  ixz = (Incn + Ipcp - Incp - Ipcn)/4,
+                  iyy = Icnc + Icpc - 2*Iccc,
+                  iyz = (Icnn + Icpp - Icnp - Icpn)/4,
+                  izz = Iccn + Iccp - 2*Iccc,
+                  veloc = (Tfloat)(G(x,y,z,0)*ixx + 2*G(x,y,z,1)*ixy + 2*G(x,y,z,2)*ixz +
+                                   G(x,y,z,3)*iyy + 2*G(x,y,z,4)*iyz + G(x,y,z,5)*izz);
+                *(ptrd++) = veloc;
+                if (veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = veloc; else if (-veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = -veloc;
+              }
+            }
+          else // 2d version
+            cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
+              CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
+              cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
+                const Tfloat
+                  ixx = Inc + Ipc - 2*Icc,
+                  ixy = (Inn + Ipp - Inp - Ipn)/4,
+                  iyy = Icn + Icp - 2*Icc,
+                  veloc = (Tfloat)(G(x,y,0,0)*ixx + 2*G(x,y,0,1)*ixy + G(x,y,0,2)*iyy);
+                *(ptrd++) = veloc;
+                if (veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = veloc; else if (-veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = -veloc;
+              }
+            }
+          if (veloc_max>0) *this+=(velocity*=dl/veloc_max);
+        }
+      } else { // LIC-based smoothing.
+        const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+        const float sqrt2amplitude = (float)std::sqrt(2*amplitude);
+        const int dx1 = width() - 1, dy1 = height() - 1, dz1 = depth() - 1;
+        CImg<Tfloat> res(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,0), W(_width,_height,_depth,is_3d?4:3), val(_spectrum,1,1,1,0);
+        int N = 0;
+        if (is_3d) { // 3d version
+          for (float phi = (180%(int)da)/2.0f; phi<=180; phi+=da) {
+            const float phir = (float)(phi*cimg::PI/180), datmp = (float)(da/std::cos(phir)),
+              da2 = datmp<1?360.0f:datmp;
+            for (float theta = 0; theta<360; (theta+=da2),++N) {
+              const float
+                thetar = (float)(theta*cimg::PI/180),
+                vx = (float)(std::cos(thetar)*std::cos(phir)),
+                vy = (float)(std::sin(thetar)*std::cos(phir)),
+                vz = (float)std::sin(phir);
+              const t
+                *pa = G.data(0,0,0,0), *pb = G.data(0,0,0,1), *pc = G.data(0,0,0,2),
+                *pd = G.data(0,0,0,3), *pe = G.data(0,0,0,4), *pf = G.data(0,0,0,5);
+              Tfloat *pd0 = W.data(0,0,0,0), *pd1 = W.data(0,0,0,1), *pd2 = W.data(0,0,0,2), *pd3 = W.data(0,0,0,3);
+              cimg_forXYZ(G,xg,yg,zg) {
+                const t a = *(pa++), b = *(pb++), c = *(pc++), d = *(pd++), e = *(pe++), f = *(pf++);
+                const float
+                  u = (float)(a*vx + b*vy + c*vz),
+                  v = (float)(b*vx + d*vy + e*vz),
+                  w = (float)(c*vx + e*vy + f*vz),
+                  n = (float)std::sqrt(1e-5+u*u+v*v+w*w),
+                  dln = dl/n;
+                *(pd0++) = (Tfloat)(u*dln);
+                *(pd1++) = (Tfloat)(v*dln);
+                *(pd2++) = (Tfloat)(w*dln);
+                *(pd3++) = (Tfloat)n;
+              }
+
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=2) firstprivate(val)
+#endif
+              cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
+                val.fill(0);
+                const float
+                  n = (float)W(x,y,z,3),
+                  fsigma = (float)(n*sqrt2amplitude),
+                  fsigma2 = 2*fsigma*fsigma,
+                  length = gauss_prec*fsigma;
+                float
+                  S = 0,
+                  X = (float)x,
+                  Y = (float)y,
+                  Z = (float)z;
+                switch (interpolation_type) {
+                case 0 : { // Nearest neighbor
+                  for (float l = 0; l<length && X>=0 && X<=dx1 && Y>=0 && Y<=dy1 && Z>=0 && Z<=dz1; l+=dl) {
+                    const int
+                      cx = (int)(X+0.5f),
+                      cy = (int)(Y+0.5f),
+                      cz = (int)(Z+0.5f);
+                    const float
+                      u = (float)W(cx,cy,cz,0),
+                      v = (float)W(cx,cy,cz,1),
+                      w = (float)W(cx,cy,cz,2);
+                    if (is_fast_approx) { cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)(*this)(cx,cy,cz,c); ++S; }
+                    else {
+                      const float coef = (float)std::exp(-l*l/fsigma2);
+                      cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)(coef*(*this)(cx,cy,cz,c));
+                      S+=coef;
+                    }
+                    X+=u; Y+=v; Z+=w;
+                  }
+                } break;
+                case 1 : { // Linear interpolation
+                  for (float l = 0; l<length && X>=0 && X<=dx1 && Y>=0 && Y<=dy1 && Z>=0 && Z<=dz1; l+=dl) {
+                    const float
+                      u = (float)(W._linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,0)),
+                      v = (float)(W._linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,1)),
+                      w = (float)(W._linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,2));
+                    if (is_fast_approx) { cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)_linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,c); ++S; }
+                    else {
+                      const float coef = (float)std::exp(-l*l/fsigma2);
+                      cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)(coef*_linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,c));
+                      S+=coef;
+                    }
+                    X+=u; Y+=v; Z+=w;
+                  }
+                } break;
+                default : { // 2nd order Runge Kutta
+                  for (float l = 0; l<length && X>=0 && X<=dx1 && Y>=0 && Y<=dy1 && Z>=0 && Z<=dz1; l+=dl) {
+                    const float
+                      u0 = (float)(0.5f*W._linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,0)),
+                      v0 = (float)(0.5f*W._linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,1)),
+                      w0 = (float)(0.5f*W._linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,2)),
+                      u = (float)(W._linear_atXYZ(X+u0,Y+v0,Z+w0,0)),
+                      v = (float)(W._linear_atXYZ(X+u0,Y+v0,Z+w0,1)),
+                      w = (float)(W._linear_atXYZ(X+u0,Y+v0,Z+w0,2));
+                    if (is_fast_approx) { cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)_linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,c); ++S; }
+                    else {
+                      const float coef = (float)std::exp(-l*l/fsigma2);
+                      cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)(coef*_linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,c));
+                      S+=coef;
+                    }
+                    X+=u; Y+=v; Z+=w;
+                  }
+                } break;
+                }
+                Tfloat *ptrd = res.data(x,y,z);
+                if (S>0) cimg_forC(res,c) { *ptrd+=val[c]/S; ptrd+=whd; }
+                else cimg_forC(res,c) { *ptrd+=(Tfloat)((*this)(x,y,z,c)); ptrd+=whd; }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        } else { // 2d LIC algorithm
+          for (float theta = (360%(int)da)/2.0f; theta<360; (theta+=da),++N) {
+            const float thetar = (float)(theta*cimg::PI/180),
+              vx = (float)(std::cos(thetar)), vy = (float)(std::sin(thetar));
+            const t *pa = G.data(0,0,0,0), *pb = G.data(0,0,0,1), *pc = G.data(0,0,0,2);
+            Tfloat *pd0 = W.data(0,0,0,0), *pd1 = W.data(0,0,0,1), *pd2 = W.data(0,0,0,2);
+            cimg_forXY(G,xg,yg) {
+              const t a = *(pa++), b = *(pb++), c = *(pc++);
+              const float
+                u = (float)(a*vx + b*vy),
+                v = (float)(b*vx + c*vy),
+                n = (float)std::sqrt(1e-5+u*u+v*v),
+                dln = dl/n;
+              *(pd0++) = (Tfloat)(u*dln);
+              *(pd1++) = (Tfloat)(v*dln);
+              *(pd2++) = (Tfloat)n;
+            }
+
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width>=256 && _height>=2) firstprivate(val)
+#endif
+            cimg_forXY(*this,x,y) {
+              val.fill(0);
+              const float
+                n = (float)W(x,y,0,2),
+                fsigma = (float)(n*sqrt2amplitude),
+                fsigma2 = 2*fsigma*fsigma,
+                length = gauss_prec*fsigma;
+              float
+                S = 0,
+                X = (float)x,
+                Y = (float)y;
+              switch (interpolation_type) {
+              case 0 : { // Nearest-neighbor
+                for (float l = 0; l<length && X>=0 && X<=dx1 && Y>=0 && Y<=dy1; l+=dl) {
+                  const int
+                    cx = (int)(X+0.5f),
+                    cy = (int)(Y+0.5f);
+                  const float
+                    u = (float)W(cx,cy,0,0),
+                    v = (float)W(cx,cy,0,1);
+                  if (is_fast_approx) { cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)(*this)(cx,cy,0,c); ++S; }
+                  else {
+                    const float coef = (float)std::exp(-l*l/fsigma2);
+                    cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)(coef*(*this)(cx,cy,0,c));
+                    S+=coef;
+                  }
+                  X+=u; Y+=v;
+                }
+              } break;
+              case 1 : { // Linear interpolation
+                for (float l = 0; l<length && X>=0 && X<=dx1 && Y>=0 && Y<=dy1; l+=dl) {
+                  const float
+                    u = (float)(W._linear_atXY(X,Y,0,0)),
+                    v = (float)(W._linear_atXY(X,Y,0,1));
+                  if (is_fast_approx) { cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)_linear_atXY(X,Y,0,c); ++S; }
+                  else {
+                    const float coef = (float)std::exp(-l*l/fsigma2);
+                    cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)(coef*_linear_atXY(X,Y,0,c));
+                    S+=coef;
+                  }
+                  X+=u; Y+=v;
+                }
+              } break;
+              default : { // 2nd-order Runge-kutta interpolation
+                for (float l = 0; l<length && X>=0 && X<=dx1 && Y>=0 && Y<=dy1; l+=dl) {
+                  const float
+                    u0 = (float)(0.5f*W._linear_atXY(X,Y,0,0)),
+                    v0 = (float)(0.5f*W._linear_atXY(X,Y,0,1)),
+                    u = (float)(W._linear_atXY(X+u0,Y+v0,0,0)),
+                    v = (float)(W._linear_atXY(X+u0,Y+v0,0,1));
+                  if (is_fast_approx) { cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)_linear_atXY(X,Y,0,c); ++S; }
+                  else {
+                    const float coef = (float)std::exp(-l*l/fsigma2);
+                    cimg_forC(*this,c) val[c]+=(Tfloat)(coef*_linear_atXY(X,Y,0,c));
+                    S+=coef;
+                  }
+                  X+=u; Y+=v;
+                }
+              }
+              }
+              Tfloat *ptrd = res.data(x,y);
+              if (S>0) cimg_forC(res,c) { *ptrd+=val[c]/S; ptrd+=whd; }
+              else cimg_forC(res,c) { *ptrd+=(Tfloat)((*this)(x,y,0,c)); ptrd+=whd; }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        const Tfloat *ptrs = res._data;
+        cimg_for(*this,ptrd,T) {
+          const Tfloat val = *(ptrs++)/N;
+          *ptrd = val<val_min?val_min:(val>val_max?val_max:(T)val);
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Blur image anisotropically, directed by a field of diffusion tensors \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> get_blur_anisotropic(const CImg<t>& G,
+                                 const float amplitude=60, const float dl=0.8f, const float da=30,
+                                 const float gauss_prec=2, const unsigned int interpolation_type=0,
+                                 const bool is_fast_approx=true) const {
+      return (+*this).blur_anisotropic(G,amplitude,dl,da,gauss_prec,interpolation_type,is_fast_approx);
+    }
+
+    //! Blur image anisotropically, in an edge-preserving way.
+    /**
+       \param amplitude Amplitude of the smoothing.
+       \param sharpness Sharpness.
+       \param anisotropy Anisotropy.
+       \param alpha Standard deviation of the gradient blur.
+       \param sigma Standard deviation of the structure tensor blur.
+       \param dl Spatial discretization.
+       \param da Angular discretization.
+       \param gauss_prec Precision of the diffusion process.
+       \param interpolation_type Interpolation scheme.
+         Can be <tt>{ 0=nearest-neighbor | 1=linear | 2=Runge-Kutta }</tt>.
+       \param is_fast_approx Tells if a fast approximation of the gaussian function is used or not.
+     **/
+    CImg<T>& blur_anisotropic(const float amplitude, const float sharpness=0.7f, const float anisotropy=0.6f,
+                              const float alpha=0.6f, const float sigma=1.1f, const float dl=0.8f, const float da=30,
+                              const float gauss_prec=2, const unsigned int interpolation_type=0,
+                              const bool is_fast_approx=true) {
+      return blur_anisotropic(get_diffusion_tensors(sharpness,anisotropy,alpha,sigma,interpolation_type!=3),
+                              amplitude,dl,da,gauss_prec,interpolation_type,is_fast_approx);
+    }
+
+    //! Blur image anisotropically, in an edge-preserving way \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_blur_anisotropic(const float amplitude, const float sharpness=0.7f, const float anisotropy=0.6f,
+                                 const float alpha=0.6f, const float sigma=1.1f, const float dl=0.8f,
+                                 const float da=30, const float gauss_prec=2, const unsigned int interpolation_type=0,
+                                 const bool is_fast_approx=true) const {
+      return (+*this).blur_anisotropic(amplitude,sharpness,anisotropy,alpha,sigma,dl,da,gauss_prec,interpolation_type,
+                                       is_fast_approx);
+    }
+
+    //! Blur image, with the joint bilateral filter.
+    /**
+       \param guide Image used to model the smoothing weights.
+       \param sigma_x Amount of blur along the X-axis.
+       \param sigma_y Amount of blur along the Y-axis.
+       \param sigma_z Amount of blur along the Z-axis.
+       \param sigma_r Amount of blur along the value axis.
+       \param bgrid_x Size of the bilateral grid along the X-axis.
+       \param bgrid_y Size of the bilateral grid along the Y-axis.
+       \param bgrid_z Size of the bilateral grid along the Z-axis.
+       \param bgrid_r Size of the bilateral grid along the value axis.
+       \param interpolation_type Use interpolation for image slicing.
+       \note This algorithm uses the optimisation technique proposed by S. Paris and F. Durand, in ECCV'2006
+       (extended for 3d volumetric images).
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& blur_bilateral(const CImg<t>& guide,
+                            const float sigma_x, const float sigma_y, const float sigma_z, const float sigma_r,
+                            const int bgrid_x, const int bgrid_y, const int bgrid_z, const int bgrid_r,
+                            const bool interpolation_type=true) {
+      if (!is_sameXYZ(guide))
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "blur_bilateral(): Invalid size for specified guide image (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    guide._width,guide._height,guide._depth,guide._spectrum,guide._data);
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      T m, M = guide.max_min(m);
+      if (m==M) return *this;
+      const float range = (float)(M - m);
+      const unsigned int
+        bx0 = bgrid_x>=0?bgrid_x:_width*-bgrid_x/100,
+        by0 = bgrid_y>=0?bgrid_y:_height*-bgrid_y/100,
+        bz0 = bgrid_z>=0?bgrid_z:_depth*-bgrid_z/100,
+        br0 = bgrid_r>=0?bgrid_r:(int)(-range*bgrid_r/100),
+        bx = bx0>0?bx0:1,
+        by = by0>0?by0:1,
+        bz = bz0>0?bz0:1,
+        br = br0>0?br0:1;
+      const float
+        _sigma_x = sigma_x>=0?sigma_x:-sigma_x*_width/100,
+        _sigma_y = sigma_y>=0?sigma_y:-sigma_y*_height/100,
+        _sigma_z = sigma_z>=0?sigma_z:-sigma_z*_depth/100,
+        _sigma_r = sigma_r>=0?sigma_r:-sigma_r*range/100,
+        nsigma_x = _sigma_x*bx/_width,
+        nsigma_y = _sigma_y*by/_height,
+        nsigma_z = _sigma_z*bz/_depth,
+        nsigma_r = _sigma_r*br/range;
+      if (nsigma_x>0 || nsigma_y>0 || nsigma_z>0 || nsigma_r>0) {
+        const bool is_3d = (_depth>1);
+        if (is_3d) { // 3d version of the algorithm
+          CImg<floatT> bgrid(bx,by,bz,br), bgridw(bx,by,bz,br);
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            const CImg<t> _guide = guide.get_shared_channel(c%guide._spectrum);
+            bgrid.fill(0); bgridw.fill(0);
+            cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
+              const T val = (*this)(x,y,z,c);
+              const float gval = (float)_guide(x,y,z);
+              const int X = x*bx/_width, Y = y*by/_height, Z = z*bz/_depth,
+                R = (int)cimg::min(br-1.0f,(gval-m)*br/range);
+              bgrid(X,Y,Z,R) += (float)val;
+              bgridw(X,Y,Z,R) += 1;
+            }
+            bgrid.blur(nsigma_x,nsigma_y,nsigma_z,true).deriche(nsigma_r,0,'c',false);
+            bgridw.blur(nsigma_x,nsigma_y,nsigma_z,true).deriche(nsigma_r,0,'c',false);
+            if (interpolation_type) cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
+              const float gval = (float)_guide(x,y,z),
+                X = (float)x*bx/_width, Y = (float)y*by/_height, Z = (float)z*bz/_depth,
+                R = (float)cimg::min(br-1.0f,(gval-m)*br/range),
+                bval0 = bgrid._linear_atXYZC(X,Y,Z,R), bval1 = bgridw._linear_atXYZC(X,Y,Z,R);
+              (*this)(x,y,z,c) = (T)(bval0/bval1);
+            } else cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
+              const float gval = (float)_guide(x,y,z);
+              const int X = x*bx/_width, Y = y*by/_height, Z = z*bz/_depth,
+                R = (int)cimg::min(br-1.0f,(gval-m)*br/range);
+              const float bval0 = bgrid(X,Y,Z,R), bval1 = bgridw(X,Y,Z,R);
+              (*this)(x,y,z,c) = (T)(bval0/bval1);
+            }
+          }
+        } else { // 2d version of the algorithm
+          CImg<floatT> bgrid(bx,by,br,2);
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            const CImg<t> _guide = guide.get_shared_channel(c%guide._spectrum);
+            bgrid.fill(0);
+            cimg_forXY(*this,x,y) {
+              const T val = (*this)(x,y,c);
+              const float gval = (float)_guide(x,y);
+              const int X = x*bx/_width, Y = y*by/_height, R = (int)cimg::min(br-1.0f,(gval-m)*br/range);
+              bgrid(X,Y,R,0) += (float)val;
+              bgrid(X,Y,R,1) += 1;
+            }
+            bgrid.blur(nsigma_x,nsigma_y,0,true).blur(0,0,nsigma_r,false);
+            if (interpolation_type) cimg_forXY(*this,x,y) {
+              const float gval = (float)_guide(x,y),
+                X = (float)x*bx/_width, Y = (float)y*by/_height, R = (float)cimg::min(br-1.0f,(gval-m)*br/range),
+                bval0 = bgrid._linear_atXYZ(X,Y,R,0), bval1 = bgrid._linear_atXYZ(X,Y,R,1);
+              (*this)(x,y,c) = (T)(bval0/bval1);
+            } else cimg_forXY(*this,x,y) {
+              const float gval = (float)_guide(x,y);
+              const int X = x*bx/_width, Y = y*by/_height, R = (int)cimg::min(br-1.0f,(gval-m)*br/range);
+              const float bval0 = bgrid(X,Y,R,0), bval1 = bgrid(X,Y,R,1);
+              (*this)(x,y,c) = (T)(bval0/bval1);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Blur image, with the joint bilateral filter \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> get_blur_bilateral(const CImg<t>& guide,
+                               const float sigma_x, const float sigma_y, const float sigma_z, const float sigma_r,
+                               const int bgrid_x, const int bgrid_y, const int bgrid_z, const int bgrid_r,
+                               const bool interpolation_type=true) const {
+      return (+*this).blur_bilateral(guide,sigma_x,sigma_y,sigma_z,sigma_r,bgrid_x,bgrid_y,bgrid_z,bgrid_r,
+                                     interpolation_type);
+    }
+
+    //! Blur image using the joint bilateral filter.
+    /**
+       \param guide Image used to model the smoothing weights.
+       \param sigma_s Amount of blur along the XYZ-axes.
+       \param sigma_r Amount of blur along the value axis.
+       \param bgrid_s Size of the bilateral grid along the XYZ-axes.
+       \param bgrid_r Size of the bilateral grid along the value axis.
+       \param interpolation_type Use interpolation for image slicing.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& blur_bilateral(const CImg<t>& guide,
+                            const float sigma_s, const float sigma_r, const int bgrid_s=-33, const int bgrid_r=32,
+                            const bool interpolation_type=true) {
+      const float nsigma_s = sigma_s>=0?sigma_s:-sigma_s*cimg::max(_width,_height,_depth)/100;
+      return blur_bilateral(guide,nsigma_s,nsigma_s,nsigma_s,sigma_r,bgrid_s,bgrid_s,bgrid_s,bgrid_r,
+                            interpolation_type);
+    }
+
+    //! Blur image using the bilateral filter \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T> get_blur_bilateral(const CImg<t>& guide,
+                               const float sigma_s, const float sigma_r, const int bgrid_s=-33, const int bgrid_r=32,
+                               const bool interpolation_type=true) const {
+      return (+*this).blur_bilateral(guide,sigma_s,sigma_s,sigma_s,sigma_r,bgrid_s,bgrid_s,bgrid_s,bgrid_r,
+                                     interpolation_type);
+    }
+
+    //! Blur image using patch-based space.
+    /**
+       \param sigma_s Amount of blur along the XYZ-axes.
+       \param sigma_p Amount of blur along the value axis.
+       \param patch_size Size of the patchs.
+       \param lookup_size Size of the window to search similar patchs.
+       \param smoothness Smoothness for the patch comparison.
+       \param is_fast_approx Tells if a fast approximation of the gaussian function is used or not.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& blur_patch(const float sigma_s, const float sigma_p, const unsigned int patch_size=3,
+                        const unsigned int lookup_size=4, const float smoothness=0, const bool is_fast_approx=true) {
+      if (is_empty() || !patch_size || !lookup_size) return *this;
+      return get_blur_patch(sigma_s,sigma_p,patch_size,lookup_size,smoothness,is_fast_approx).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Blur image using patch-based space \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_blur_patch(const float sigma_s, const float sigma_p, const unsigned int patch_size=3,
+                           const unsigned int lookup_size=4, const float smoothness=0,
+                           const bool is_fast_approx=true) const {
+
+#define _cimg_blur_patch3d_fast(N) \
+      cimg_for##N##XYZ(res,x,y,z) { \
+        T *pP = P._data; cimg_forC(res,c) { cimg_get##N##x##N##x##N(img,x,y,z,c,pP,T); pP+=N3; } \
+        const int x0 = x - rsize1, y0 = y - rsize1, z0 = z - rsize1, \
+          x1 = x + rsize2, y1 = y + rsize2, z1 = z + rsize2; \
+        float sum_weights = 0; \
+        cimg_for_in##N##XYZ(res,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,p,q,r) if (cimg::abs(img(x,y,z,0) - img(p,q,r,0))<sigma_p3) { \
+          T *pQ = Q._data; cimg_forC(res,c) { cimg_get##N##x##N##x##N(img,p,q,r,c,pQ,T); pQ+=N3; } \
+          float distance2 = 0; \
+          pQ = Q._data; cimg_for(P,pP,T) { const float dI = (float)*pP - (float)*(pQ++); distance2+=dI*dI; } \
+          distance2/=Pnorm; \
+          const float dx = (float)p - x, dy = (float)q - y, dz = (float)r - z, \
+            alldist = distance2 + (dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz)/sigma_s2, weight = alldist>3?0.0f:1.0f; \
+          sum_weights+=weight; \
+          cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c)+=weight*(*this)(p,q,r,c); \
+        } \
+        if (sum_weights>0) cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c)/=sum_weights; \
+        else cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c) = (Tfloat)((*this)(x,y,z,c)); \
+    }
+
+#define _cimg_blur_patch3d(N) \
+      cimg_for##N##XYZ(res,x,y,z) { \
+        T *pP = P._data; cimg_forC(res,c) { cimg_get##N##x##N##x##N(img,x,y,z,c,pP,T); pP+=N3; } \
+        const int x0 = x - rsize1, y0 = y - rsize1, z0 = z - rsize1, \
+          x1 = x + rsize2, y1 = y + rsize2, z1 = z + rsize2; \
+        float sum_weights = 0, weight_max = 0; \
+        cimg_for_in##N##XYZ(res,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,p,q,r) if (p!=x || q!=y || r!=z) { \
+          T *pQ = Q._data; cimg_forC(res,c) { cimg_get##N##x##N##x##N(img,p,q,r,c,pQ,T); pQ+=N3; } \
+          float distance2 = 0; \
+          pQ = Q._data; cimg_for(P,pP,T) { const float dI = (float)*pP - (float)*(pQ++); distance2+=dI*dI; } \
+          distance2/=Pnorm; \
+          const float dx = (float)p - x, dy = (float)q - y, dz = (float)r - z, \
+            alldist = distance2 + (dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz)/sigma_s2, weight = (float)std::exp(-alldist); \
+          if (weight>weight_max) weight_max = weight; \
+          sum_weights+=weight; \
+          cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c)+=weight*(*this)(p,q,r,c); \
+        } \
+        sum_weights+=weight_max; cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c)+=weight_max*(*this)(x,y,z,c); \
+        if (sum_weights>0) cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c)/=sum_weights; \
+        else cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c) = (Tfloat)((*this)(x,y,z,c)); \
+      }
+
+#define _cimg_blur_patch2d_fast(N) \
+        cimg_for##N##XY(res,x,y) { \
+          T *pP = P._data; cimg_forC(res,c) { cimg_get##N##x##N(img,x,y,0,c,pP,T); pP+=N2; } \
+          const int x0 = x - rsize1, y0 = y - rsize1, x1 = x + rsize2, y1 = y + rsize2; \
+          float sum_weights = 0; \
+          cimg_for_in##N##XY(res,x0,y0,x1,y1,p,q) if (cimg::abs(img(x,y,0,0) - img(p,q,0,0))<sigma_p3) { \
+            T *pQ = Q._data; cimg_forC(res,c) { cimg_get##N##x##N(img,p,q,0,c,pQ,T); pQ+=N2; } \
+            float distance2 = 0; \
+            pQ = Q._data; cimg_for(P,pP,T) { const float dI = (float)*pP - (float)*(pQ++); distance2+=dI*dI; } \
+            distance2/=Pnorm; \
+            const float dx = (float)p - x, dy = (float)q - y, \
+              alldist = distance2 + (dx*dx+dy*dy)/sigma_s2, weight = alldist>3?0.0f:1.0f; \
+            sum_weights+=weight; \
+            cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c)+=weight*(*this)(p,q,c); \
+          } \
+          if (sum_weights>0) cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c)/=sum_weights; \
+          else cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c) = (Tfloat)((*this)(x,y,c)); \
+        }
+
+#define _cimg_blur_patch2d(N) \
+        cimg_for##N##XY(res,x,y) { \
+          T *pP = P._data; cimg_forC(res,c) { cimg_get##N##x##N(img,x,y,0,c,pP,T); pP+=N2; } \
+          const int x0 = x - rsize1, y0 = y - rsize1, x1 = x + rsize2, y1 = y + rsize2; \
+          float sum_weights = 0, weight_max = 0; \
+          cimg_for_in##N##XY(res,x0,y0,x1,y1,p,q) if (p!=x || q!=y) { \
+            T *pQ = Q._data; cimg_forC(res,c) { cimg_get##N##x##N(img,p,q,0,c,pQ,T); pQ+=N2; } \
+            float distance2 = 0; \
+            pQ = Q._data; cimg_for(P,pP,T) { const float dI = (float)*pP - (float)*(pQ++); distance2+=dI*dI; } \
+            distance2/=Pnorm; \
+            const float dx = (float)p - x, dy = (float)q - y, \
+              alldist = distance2 + (dx*dx+dy*dy)/sigma_s2, weight = (float)std::exp(-alldist); \
+            if (weight>weight_max) weight_max = weight; \
+            sum_weights+=weight; \
+            cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c)+=weight*(*this)(p,q,c); \
+          } \
+          sum_weights+=weight_max; cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c)+=weight_max*(*this)(x,y,c); \
+          if (sum_weights>0) cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c)/=sum_weights; \
+          else cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c) = (Tfloat)((*this)(x,y,c)); \
+    }
+
+      if (is_empty() || !patch_size || !lookup_size) return +*this;
+      CImg<Tfloat> res(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,0);
+      const CImg<T> _img = smoothness>0?get_blur(smoothness):CImg<Tfloat>(),&img = smoothness>0?_img:*this;
+      CImg<T> P(patch_size*patch_size*_spectrum), Q(P);
+      const float
+        nsigma_s = sigma_s>=0?sigma_s:-sigma_s*cimg::max(_width,_height,_depth)/100,
+        sigma_s2 = nsigma_s*nsigma_s, sigma_p2 = sigma_p*sigma_p, sigma_p3 = 3*sigma_p,
+        Pnorm = P.size()*sigma_p2;
+      const int rsize2 = (int)lookup_size/2, rsize1 = (int)lookup_size - rsize2 - 1;
+      const unsigned int N2 = patch_size*patch_size, N3 = N2*patch_size;
+      cimg::unused(N2,N3);
+      if (_depth>1) switch (patch_size) { // 3d
+        case 2 : if (is_fast_approx) _cimg_blur_patch3d_fast(2) else _cimg_blur_patch3d(2) break;
+        case 3 : if (is_fast_approx) _cimg_blur_patch3d_fast(3) else _cimg_blur_patch3d(3) break;
+        default : {
+          const int psize2 = (int)patch_size/2, psize1 = (int)patch_size - psize2 - 1;
+          if (is_fast_approx)
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (res._width>=32 && res._height*res._depth>=4) private(P,Q)
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZ(res,x,y,z) { // Fast
+              P = img.get_crop(x - psize1,y - psize1,z - psize1,x + psize2,y + psize2,z + psize2,true);
+              const int x0 = x - rsize1, y0 = y - rsize1, z0 = z - rsize1,
+                x1 = x + rsize2, y1 = y + rsize2, z1 = z + rsize2;
+              float sum_weights = 0;
+              cimg_for_inXYZ(res,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,p,q,r) if (cimg::abs(img(x,y,z,0)-img(p,q,r,0))<sigma_p3) {
+                (Q = img.get_crop(p - psize1,q - psize1,r - psize1,p + psize2,q + psize2,r + psize2,true))-=P;
+                const float
+                  dx = (float)x - p, dy = (float)y - q, dz = (float)z - r,
+                  distance2 = (float)(Q.pow(2).sum()/Pnorm + (dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz)/sigma_s2),
+                  weight = distance2>3?0.0f:1.0f;
+                sum_weights+=weight;
+                cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c)+=weight*(*this)(p,q,r,c);
+              }
+              if (sum_weights>0) cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c)/=sum_weights;
+              else cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c) = (Tfloat)((*this)(x,y,z,c));
+            } else
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (res._width>=32 && res._height*res._depth>=4) firstprivate(P,Q)
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYZ(res,x,y,z) { // Exact
+              P = img.get_crop(x - psize1,y - psize1,z - psize1,x + psize2,y + psize2,z + psize2,true);
+              const int x0 = x - rsize1, y0 = y - rsize1, z0 = z - rsize1,
+                x1 = x + rsize2, y1 = y + rsize2, z1 = z + rsize2;
+              float sum_weights = 0, weight_max = 0;
+              cimg_for_inXYZ(res,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,p,q,r) if (p!=x || q!=y || r!=z) {
+                (Q = img.get_crop(p - psize1,q - psize1,r - psize1,p + psize2,q + psize2,r + psize2,true))-=P;
+                const float
+                  dx = (float)x - p, dy = (float)y - q, dz = (float)z - r,
+                  distance2 = (float)(Q.pow(2).sum()/Pnorm + (dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz)/sigma_s2),
+                  weight = (float)std::exp(-distance2);
+                if (weight>weight_max) weight_max = weight;
+                sum_weights+=weight;
+                cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c)+=weight*(*this)(p,q,r,c);
+              }
+              sum_weights+=weight_max; cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c)+=weight_max*(*this)(x,y,z,c);
+              if (sum_weights>0) cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c)/=sum_weights;
+              else cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,z,c) = (Tfloat)((*this)(x,y,z,c));
+            }
+        }
+        } else switch (patch_size) { // 2d
+        case 2 : if (is_fast_approx) _cimg_blur_patch2d_fast(2) else _cimg_blur_patch2d(2) break;
+        case 3 : if (is_fast_approx) _cimg_blur_patch2d_fast(3) else _cimg_blur_patch2d(3) break;
+        case 4 : if (is_fast_approx) _cimg_blur_patch2d_fast(4) else _cimg_blur_patch2d(4) break;
+        case 5 : if (is_fast_approx) _cimg_blur_patch2d_fast(5) else _cimg_blur_patch2d(5) break;
+        case 6 : if (is_fast_approx) _cimg_blur_patch2d_fast(6) else _cimg_blur_patch2d(6) break;
+        case 7 : if (is_fast_approx) _cimg_blur_patch2d_fast(7) else _cimg_blur_patch2d(7) break;
+        case 8 : if (is_fast_approx) _cimg_blur_patch2d_fast(8) else _cimg_blur_patch2d(8) break;
+        case 9 : if (is_fast_approx) _cimg_blur_patch2d_fast(9) else _cimg_blur_patch2d(9) break;
+        default : { // Fast
+          const int psize2 = (int)patch_size/2, psize1 = (int)patch_size - psize2 - 1;
+          if (is_fast_approx)
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (res._width>=32 && res._height>=4) firstprivate(P,Q)
+#endif
+            cimg_forXY(res,x,y) { // 2d fast approximation.
+              P = img.get_crop(x - psize1,y - psize1,x + psize2,y + psize2,true);
+              const int x0 = x - rsize1, y0 = y - rsize1, x1 = x + rsize2, y1 = y + rsize2;
+              float sum_weights = 0;
+              cimg_for_inXY(res,x0,y0,x1,y1,p,q) if (cimg::abs(img(x,y,0)-img(p,q,0))<sigma_p3) {
+                (Q = img.get_crop(p - psize1,q - psize1,p + psize2,q + psize2,true))-=P;
+                const float
+                  dx = (float)x - p, dy = (float)y - q,
+                  distance2 = (float)(Q.pow(2).sum()/Pnorm + (dx*dx + dy*dy)/sigma_s2),
+                  weight = distance2>3?0.0f:1.0f;
+                sum_weights+=weight;
+                cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c)+=weight*(*this)(p,q,c);
+              }
+              if (sum_weights>0) cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c)/=sum_weights;
+              else cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c) = (Tfloat)((*this)(x,y,c));
+            } else
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (res._width>=32 && res._height>=4) firstprivate(P,Q)
+#endif
+            cimg_forXY(res,x,y) { // 2d exact algorithm.
+              P = img.get_crop(x - psize1,y - psize1,x + psize2,y + psize2,true);
+              const int x0 = x - rsize1, y0 = y - rsize1, x1 = x + rsize2, y1 = y + rsize2;
+              float sum_weights = 0, weight_max = 0;
+              cimg_for_inXY(res,x0,y0,x1,y1,p,q) if (p!=x || q!=y) {
+                (Q = img.get_crop(p - psize1,q - psize1,p + psize2,q + psize2,true))-=P;
+                const float
+                  dx = (float)x - p, dy = (float)y - q,
+                  distance2 = (float)(Q.pow(2).sum()/Pnorm + (dx*dx + dy*dy)/sigma_s2),
+                  weight = (float)std::exp(-distance2);
+                if (weight>weight_max) weight_max = weight;
+                sum_weights+=weight;
+                cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c)+=weight*(*this)(p,q,c);
+              }
+              sum_weights+=weight_max; cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c)+=weight_max*(*this)(x,y,c);
+              if (sum_weights>0) cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,c)/=sum_weights;
+              else cimg_forC(res,c) res(x,y,0,c) = (Tfloat)((*this)(x,y,c));
+            }
+        }
+        }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Blur image with the median filter.
+    /**
+       \param n Size of the median filter.
+       \param threshold Threshold used to discard pixels too far from the current pixel value in the median computation.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& blur_median(const unsigned int n, const float threshold=0) {
+      if (!n) return *this;
+      return get_blur_median(n,threshold).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Blur image with the median filter \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_blur_median(const unsigned int n, const float threshold=0) const {
+      if (is_empty() || n<=1) return +*this;
+      CImg<T> res(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+      T *ptrd = res._data;
+      cimg::unused(ptrd);
+      const int hl = n/2, hr = hl - 1 + n%2;
+      if (res._depth!=1) { // 3d
+        if (threshold>0)
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width>=16 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=4)
+#endif
+          cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { // With threshold.
+            const int
+              x0 = x - hl, y0 = y - hl, z0 = z-hl, x1 = x + hr, y1 = y + hr, z1 = z+hr,
+              nx0 = x0<0?0:x0, ny0 = y0<0?0:y0, nz0 = z0<0?0:z0,
+              nx1 = x1>=width()?width()-1:x1, ny1 = y1>=height()?height()-1:y1, nz1 = z1>=depth()?depth()-1:z1;
+            const float val0 = (float)(*this)(x,y,z,c);
+            CImg<T> values(n*n*n);
+            unsigned int nb_values = 0;
+            T *ptrd = values.data();
+            cimg_for_inXYZ(*this,nx0,ny0,nz0,nx1,ny1,nz1,p,q,r)
+              if (cimg::abs((float)(*this)(p,q,r,c)-val0)<=threshold) { *(ptrd++) = (*this)(p,q,r,c); ++nb_values; }
+            res(x,y,z,c) = values.get_shared_points(0,nb_values-1).median();
+          }
+        else
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width>=16 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=4)
+#endif
+          cimg_forXYZC(*this,x,y,z,c) { // Without threshold.
+            const int
+              x0 = x - hl, y0 = y - hl, z0 = z-hl, x1 = x + hr, y1 = y + hr, z1 = z+hr,
+              nx0 = x0<0?0:x0, ny0 = y0<0?0:y0, nz0 = z0<0?0:z0,
+              nx1 = x1>=width()?width()-1:x1, ny1 = y1>=height()?height()-1:y1, nz1 = z1>=depth()?depth()-1:z1;
+            res(x,y,z,c) = get_crop(nx0,ny0,nz0,c,nx1,ny1,nz1,c).median();
+          }
+      } else {
+#define _cimg_median_sort(a,b) if ((a)>(b)) cimg::swap(a,b)
+        if (res._height!=1) { // 2d
+          if (threshold>0)
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=16 && _height*_spectrum>=4)
+#endif
+            cimg_forXYC(*this,x,y,c) { // With threshold.
+              const int
+                x0 = x - hl, y0 = y - hl, x1 = x + hr, y1 = y + hr,
+                nx0 = x0<0?0:x0, ny0 = y0<0?0:y0,
+                                          nx1 = x1>=width()?width()-1:x1, ny1 = y1>=height()?height()-1:y1;
+              const float val0 = (float)(*this)(x,y,c);
+              CImg<T> values(n*n);
+              unsigned int nb_values = 0;
+              T *ptrd = values.data();
+              cimg_for_inXY(*this,nx0,ny0,nx1,ny1,p,q)
+                if (cimg::abs((float)(*this)(p,q,c)-val0)<=threshold) { *(ptrd++) = (*this)(p,q,c); ++nb_values; }
+              res(x,y,c) = values.get_shared_points(0,nb_values-1).median();
+            }
+          else switch (n) { // Without threshold.
+            case 3 : {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                T I[9] = { 0 };
+                CImg_3x3(J,T);
+                cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,T) {
+                  std::memcpy(J,I,9*sizeof(T));
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcp, Jnp); _cimg_median_sort(Jcc, Jnc); _cimg_median_sort(Jcn, Jnn);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jpp, Jcp); _cimg_median_sort(Jpc, Jcc); _cimg_median_sort(Jpn, Jcn);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcp, Jnp); _cimg_median_sort(Jcc, Jnc); _cimg_median_sort(Jcn, Jnn);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jpp, Jpc); _cimg_median_sort(Jnc, Jnn); _cimg_median_sort(Jcc, Jcn);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jpc, Jpn); _cimg_median_sort(Jcp, Jcc); _cimg_median_sort(Jnp, Jnc);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcc, Jcn); _cimg_median_sort(Jcc, Jnp); _cimg_median_sort(Jpn, Jcc);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcc, Jnp);
+                  res(x,y,c) = Jcc;
+                }
+              }
+            } break;
+            case 5 : {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                T I[25] = { 0 };
+                CImg_5x5(J,T);
+                cimg_for5x5(*this,x,y,0,c,I,T) {
+                  std::memcpy(J,I,25*sizeof(T));
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jbb,Jpb); _cimg_median_sort(Jnb,Jab); _cimg_median_sort(Jcb,Jab);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcb,Jnb); _cimg_median_sort(Jpp,Jcp); _cimg_median_sort(Jbp,Jcp);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jbp,Jpp); _cimg_median_sort(Jap,Jbc); _cimg_median_sort(Jnp,Jbc);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jnp,Jap); _cimg_median_sort(Jcc,Jnc); _cimg_median_sort(Jpc,Jnc);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jpc,Jcc); _cimg_median_sort(Jbn,Jpn); _cimg_median_sort(Jac,Jpn);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jac,Jbn); _cimg_median_sort(Jnn,Jan); _cimg_median_sort(Jcn,Jan);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcn,Jnn); _cimg_median_sort(Jpa,Jca); _cimg_median_sort(Jba,Jca);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jba,Jpa); _cimg_median_sort(Jna,Jaa); _cimg_median_sort(Jcb,Jbp);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jnb,Jpp); _cimg_median_sort(Jbb,Jpp); _cimg_median_sort(Jbb,Jnb);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jab,Jcp); _cimg_median_sort(Jpb,Jcp); _cimg_median_sort(Jpb,Jab);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jpc,Jac); _cimg_median_sort(Jnp,Jac); _cimg_median_sort(Jnp,Jpc);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcc,Jbn); _cimg_median_sort(Jap,Jbn); _cimg_median_sort(Jap,Jcc);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jnc,Jpn); _cimg_median_sort(Jbc,Jpn); _cimg_median_sort(Jbc,Jnc);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jba,Jna); _cimg_median_sort(Jcn,Jna); _cimg_median_sort(Jcn,Jba);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jpa,Jaa); _cimg_median_sort(Jnn,Jaa); _cimg_median_sort(Jnn,Jpa);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jan,Jca); _cimg_median_sort(Jnp,Jcn); _cimg_median_sort(Jap,Jnn);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jbb,Jnn); _cimg_median_sort(Jbb,Jap); _cimg_median_sort(Jbc,Jan);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jpb,Jan); _cimg_median_sort(Jpb,Jbc); _cimg_median_sort(Jpc,Jba);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcb,Jba); _cimg_median_sort(Jcb,Jpc); _cimg_median_sort(Jcc,Jpa);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jnb,Jpa); _cimg_median_sort(Jnb,Jcc); _cimg_median_sort(Jnc,Jca);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jab,Jca); _cimg_median_sort(Jab,Jnc); _cimg_median_sort(Jac,Jna);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jbp,Jna); _cimg_median_sort(Jbp,Jac); _cimg_median_sort(Jbn,Jaa);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jpp,Jaa); _cimg_median_sort(Jpp,Jbn); _cimg_median_sort(Jcp,Jpn);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcp,Jan); _cimg_median_sort(Jnc,Jpa); _cimg_median_sort(Jbn,Jna);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcp,Jnc); _cimg_median_sort(Jcp,Jbn); _cimg_median_sort(Jpb,Jap);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jnb,Jpc); _cimg_median_sort(Jbp,Jcn); _cimg_median_sort(Jpc,Jcn);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jap,Jcn); _cimg_median_sort(Jab,Jbc); _cimg_median_sort(Jpp,Jcc);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcp,Jac); _cimg_median_sort(Jab,Jpp); _cimg_median_sort(Jab,Jcp);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcc,Jac); _cimg_median_sort(Jbc,Jac); _cimg_median_sort(Jpp,Jcp);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jbc,Jcc); _cimg_median_sort(Jpp,Jbc); _cimg_median_sort(Jpp,Jcn);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcc,Jcn); _cimg_median_sort(Jcp,Jcn); _cimg_median_sort(Jcp,Jbc);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcc,Jnn); _cimg_median_sort(Jcp,Jcc); _cimg_median_sort(Jbc,Jnn);
+                  _cimg_median_sort(Jcc,Jba); _cimg_median_sort(Jbc,Jba); _cimg_median_sort(Jbc,Jcc);
+                  res(x,y,c) = Jcc;
+                }
+              }
+            } break;
+            default : {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=16 && _height*_spectrum>=4)
+#endif
+              cimg_forXYC(*this,x,y,c) {
+                const int
+                  x0 = x - hl, y0 = y - hl, x1 = x + hr, y1 = y + hr,
+                  nx0 = x0<0?0:x0, ny0 = y0<0?0:y0,
+                                            nx1 = x1>=width()?width()-1:x1, ny1 = y1>=height()?height()-1:y1;
+                res(x,y,c) = get_crop(nx0,ny0,0,c,nx1,ny1,0,c).median();
+              }
+            }
+            }
+        } else { // 1d
+
+          if (threshold>0)
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width>=16 && _spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+            cimg_forXC(*this,x,c) { // With threshold.
+              const int
+                x0 = x - hl, x1 = x + hr,
+                nx0 = x0<0?0:x0, nx1 = x1>=width()?width()-1:x1;
+              const float val0 = (float)(*this)(x,c);
+              CImg<T> values(n);
+              unsigned int nb_values = 0;
+              T *ptrd = values.data();
+              cimg_for_inX(*this,nx0,nx1,p)
+                if (cimg::abs((float)(*this)(p,c)-val0)<=threshold) { *(ptrd++) = (*this)(p,c); ++nb_values; }
+              res(x,c) = values.get_shared_points(0,nb_values-1).median();
+            }
+          else switch (n) { // Without threshold.
+            case 2 : {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                T I[4] = { 0 };
+                cimg_for2x2(*this,x,y,0,c,I,T) res(x,c) = (T)(0.5f*(I[0]+I[1]));
+              }
+            } break;
+            case 3 : {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                T I[9] = { 0 };
+                cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,T)
+                  res(x,c) = I[3]<I[4]?(I[4]<I[5]?I[4]:(I[3]<I[5]?I[5]:I[3])):(I[3]<I[5]?I[3]:(I[4]<I[5]?I[5]:I[4]));
+              }
+            } break;
+            default : {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width>=16 && _spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+              cimg_forXC(*this,x,c) {
+                const int
+                  x0 = x - hl, x1 = x + hr,
+                  nx0 = x0<0?0:x0, nx1 = x1>=width()?width()-1:x1;
+                res(x,c) = get_crop(nx0,0,0,c,nx1,0,0,c).median();
+              }
+            }
+            }
+        }
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Sharpen image.
+    /**
+       \param amplitude Sharpening amplitude
+       \param sharpen_type Select sharpening method. Can be <tt>{ false=inverse diffusion | true=shock filters }</tt>.
+       \param edge Edge threshold (shock filters only).
+       \param alpha Gradient smoothness (shock filters only).
+       \param sigma Tensor smoothness (shock filters only).
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& sharpen(const float amplitude, const bool sharpen_type=false, const float edge=1,
+                     const float alpha=0, const float sigma=0) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      T val_min, val_max = max_min(val_min);
+      const float nedge = edge/2;
+      CImg<Tfloat> velocity(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum), _veloc_max(_spectrum);
+
+      if (_depth>1) { // 3d
+        if (sharpen_type) { // Shock filters.
+          CImg<Tfloat> G = (alpha>0?get_blur(alpha).get_structure_tensors():get_structure_tensors());
+          if (sigma>0) G.blur(sigma);
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=32 && _height*_depth>=16)
+#endif
+          cimg_forYZ(G,y,z) {
+            Tfloat *ptrG0 = G.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrG1 = G.data(0,y,z,1),
+              *ptrG2 = G.data(0,y,z,2), *ptrG3 = G.data(0,y,z,3);
+            CImg<Tfloat> val, vec;
+            cimg_forX(G,x) {
+              G.get_tensor_at(x,y,z).symmetric_eigen(val,vec);
+              if (val[0]<0) val[0] = 0;
+              if (val[1]<0) val[1] = 0;
+              if (val[2]<0) val[2] = 0;
+              *(ptrG0++) = vec(0,0);
+              *(ptrG1++) = vec(0,1);
+              *(ptrG2++) = vec(0,2);
+              *(ptrG3++) = 1 - (Tfloat)std::pow(1+val[0]+val[1]+val[2],-(Tfloat)nedge);
+            }
+          }
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=512 && _spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            Tfloat *ptrd = velocity.data(0,0,0,c), veloc_max = 0;
+            CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
+            cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
+              const Tfloat
+                u = G(x,y,z,0),
+                v = G(x,y,z,1),
+                w = G(x,y,z,2),
+                amp = G(x,y,z,3),
+                ixx = Incc + Ipcc - 2*Iccc,
+                ixy = (Innc + Ippc - Inpc - Ipnc)/4,
+                ixz = (Incn + Ipcp - Incp - Ipcn)/4,
+                iyy = Icnc + Icpc - 2*Iccc,
+                iyz = (Icnn + Icpp - Icnp - Icpn)/4,
+                izz = Iccn + Iccp - 2*Iccc,
+                ixf = Incc - Iccc,
+                ixb = Iccc - Ipcc,
+                iyf = Icnc - Iccc,
+                iyb = Iccc - Icpc,
+                izf = Iccn - Iccc,
+                izb = Iccc - Iccp,
+                itt = u*u*ixx + v*v*iyy + w*w*izz + 2*u*v*ixy + 2*u*w*ixz + 2*v*w*iyz,
+                it = u*cimg::minmod(ixf,ixb) + v*cimg::minmod(iyf,iyb) + w*cimg::minmod(izf,izb),
+                veloc = -amp*cimg::sign(itt)*cimg::abs(it);
+              *(ptrd++) = veloc;
+              if (veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = veloc; else if (-veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = -veloc;
+            }
+            _veloc_max[c] = veloc_max;
+          }
+        } else  // Inverse diffusion.
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            Tfloat *ptrd = velocity.data(0,0,0,c), veloc_max = 0;
+            CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
+            cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
+              const Tfloat veloc = -Ipcc - Incc - Icpc - Icnc - Iccp - Iccn + 6*Iccc;
+              *(ptrd++) = veloc;
+              if (veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = veloc; else if (-veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = -veloc;
+            }
+            _veloc_max[c] = veloc_max;
+          }
+      } else { // 2d.
+        if (sharpen_type) { // Shock filters.
+          CImg<Tfloat> G = (alpha>0?get_blur(alpha).get_structure_tensors():get_structure_tensors());
+          if (sigma>0) G.blur(sigma);
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width>=32 && _height>=16)
+#endif
+          cimg_forY(G,y) {
+            CImg<Tfloat> val, vec;
+            Tfloat *ptrG0 = G.data(0,y,0,0), *ptrG1 = G.data(0,y,0,1), *ptrG2 = G.data(0,y,0,2);
+            cimg_forX(G,x) {
+              G.get_tensor_at(x,y).symmetric_eigen(val,vec);
+              if (val[0]<0) val[0] = 0;
+              if (val[1]<0) val[1] = 0;
+              *(ptrG0++) = vec(0,0);
+              *(ptrG1++) = vec(0,1);
+              *(ptrG2++) = 1 - (Tfloat)std::pow(1 + val[0] + val[1],-(Tfloat)nedge);
+            }
+          }
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height>=512 && _spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            Tfloat *ptrd = velocity.data(0,0,0,c), veloc_max = 0;
+            CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
+            cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,Tfloat) {
+              const Tfloat
+                u = G(x,y,0),
+                v = G(x,y,1),
+                amp = G(x,y,2),
+                ixx = Inc + Ipc - 2*Icc,
+                ixy = (Inn + Ipp - Inp - Ipn)/4,
+                iyy = Icn + Icp - 2*Icc,
+                ixf = Inc - Icc,
+                ixb = Icc - Ipc,
+                iyf = Icn - Icc,
+                iyb = Icc - Icp,
+                itt = u*u*ixx + v*v*iyy + 2*u*v*ixy,
+                it = u*cimg::minmod(ixf,ixb) + v*cimg::minmod(iyf,iyb),
+                veloc = -amp*cimg::sign(itt)*cimg::abs(it);
+              *(ptrd++) = veloc;
+              if (veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = veloc; else if (-veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = -veloc;
+            }
+            _veloc_max[c] = veloc_max;
+          }
+        } else // Inverse diffusion.
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            Tfloat *ptrd = velocity.data(0,0,0,c), veloc_max = 0;
+            CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
+            cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,Tfloat) {
+              const Tfloat veloc = -Ipc - Inc - Icp - Icn + 4*Icc;
+              *(ptrd++) = veloc;
+              if (veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = veloc; else if (-veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = -veloc;
+            }
+            _veloc_max[c] = veloc_max;
+          }
+      }
+      const Tfloat veloc_max = _veloc_max.max();
+      if (veloc_max<=0) return *this;
+      return ((velocity*=amplitude/veloc_max)+=*this).cut(val_min,val_max).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Sharpen image \newinstance.
+    CImg<T> get_sharpen(const float amplitude, const bool sharpen_type=false, const float edge=1,
+                        const float alpha=0, const float sigma=0) const {
+      return (+*this).sharpen(amplitude,sharpen_type,edge,alpha,sigma);
+    }
+
+    //! Return image gradient.
+    /**
+       \param axes Axes considered for the gradient computation, as a C-string (e.g "xy").
+       \param scheme = Numerical scheme used for the gradient computation:
+       - -1 = Backward finite differences
+       - 0 = Centered finite differences
+       - 1 = Forward finite differences
+       - 2 = Using Sobel masks
+       - 3 = Using rotation invariant masks
+       - 4 = Using Deriche recusrsive filter.
+       - 5 = Using Van Vliet recusrsive filter.
+    **/
+    CImgList<Tfloat> get_gradient(const char *const axes=0, const int scheme=3) const {
+      CImgList<Tfloat> grad(2,_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+      bool is_3d = false;
+      if (axes) {
+        for (unsigned int a = 0; axes[a]; ++a) {
+          const char axis = cimg::uncase(axes[a]);
+          switch (axis) {
+          case 'x' : case 'y' : break;
+          case 'z' : is_3d = true; break;
+          default :
+            throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                        "get_gradient(): Invalid specified axis '%c'.",
+                                        cimg_instance,
+                                        axis);
+          }
+        }
+      } else is_3d = (_depth>1);
+      if (is_3d) {
+        CImg<Tfloat>(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum).move_to(grad);
+        switch (scheme) { // 3d.
+        case -1 : { // Backward finite differences.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=1048576 && _spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            const unsigned long off = c*_width*_height*_depth;
+            Tfloat *ptrd0 = grad[0]._data + off, *ptrd1 = grad[1]._data + off, *ptrd2 = grad[2]._data + off;
+            CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
+            cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
+              *(ptrd0++) = Iccc - Ipcc;
+              *(ptrd1++) = Iccc - Icpc;
+              *(ptrd2++) = Iccc - Iccp;
+            }
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 1 : { // Forward finite differences.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=1048576 && _spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            const unsigned long off = c*_width*_height*_depth;
+            Tfloat *ptrd0 = grad[0]._data + off, *ptrd1 = grad[1]._data + off, *ptrd2 = grad[2]._data + off;
+            CImg_2x2x2(I,Tfloat);
+            cimg_for2x2x2(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
+              *(ptrd0++) = Incc - Iccc;
+              *(ptrd1++) = Icnc - Iccc;
+              *(ptrd2++) = Iccn - Iccc;
+            }
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 4 : { // Deriche filter with low standard variation.
+          grad[0] = get_deriche(0,1,'x');
+          grad[1] = get_deriche(0,1,'y');
+          grad[2] = get_deriche(0,1,'z');
+        } break;
+        case 5 : { // Van Vliet filter with low standard variation.
+          grad[0] = get_vanvliet(0,1,'x');
+          grad[1] = get_vanvliet(0,1,'y');
+          grad[2] = get_vanvliet(0,1,'z');
+        } break;
+        default : { // Central finite differences.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=1048576 && _spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            const unsigned long off = c*_width*_height*_depth;
+            Tfloat *ptrd0 = grad[0]._data + off, *ptrd1 = grad[1]._data + off, *ptrd2 = grad[2]._data + off;
+            CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
+            cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
+              *(ptrd0++) = (Incc - Ipcc)/2;
+              *(ptrd1++) = (Icnc - Icpc)/2;
+              *(ptrd2++) = (Iccn - Iccp)/2;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        }
+      } else switch (scheme) { // 2d.
+      case -1 : { // Backward finite differences.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+        cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
+          const unsigned long off = c*_width*_height*_depth + z*_width*_height;
+          Tfloat *ptrd0 = grad[0]._data + off, *ptrd1 = grad[1]._data + off;
+          CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
+          cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
+            *(ptrd0++) = Icc - Ipc;
+            *(ptrd1++) = Icc - Icp;
+          }
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 1 : { // Forward finite differences.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+        cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
+          const unsigned long off = c*_width*_height*_depth + z*_width*_height;
+          Tfloat *ptrd0 = grad[0]._data + off, *ptrd1 = grad[1]._data + off;
+          CImg_2x2(I,Tfloat);
+          cimg_for2x2(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
+            *(ptrd0++) = Inc - Icc;
+            *(ptrd1++) = Icn - Icc;
+          }
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 2 : { // Sobel scheme.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+        cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
+          const unsigned long off = c*_width*_height*_depth + z*_width*_height;
+          Tfloat *ptrd0 = grad[0]._data + off, *ptrd1 = grad[1]._data + off;
+          CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
+          cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
+            *(ptrd0++) = -Ipp - 2*Ipc - Ipn + Inp + 2*Inc + Inn;
+            *(ptrd1++) = -Ipp - 2*Icp - Inp + Ipn + 2*Icn + Inn;
+          }
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 3 : { // Rotation invariant mask.
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+        cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
+          const unsigned long off = c*_width*_height*_depth + z*_width*_height;
+          Tfloat *ptrd0 = grad[0]._data + off, *ptrd1 = grad[1]._data + off;
+          CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
+          const Tfloat a = (Tfloat)(0.25f*(2-std::sqrt(2.0f))), b = (Tfloat)(0.5f*(std::sqrt(2.0f)-1));
+          cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
+            *(ptrd0++) = -a*Ipp - b*Ipc - a*Ipn + a*Inp + b*Inc + a*Inn;
+            *(ptrd1++) = -a*Ipp - b*Icp - a*Inp + a*Ipn + b*Icn + a*Inn;
+          }
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 4 : { // Van Vliet filter with low standard variation
+        grad[0] = get_deriche(0,1,'x');
+        grad[1] = get_deriche(0,1,'y');
+      } break;
+      case 5 : { // Deriche filter with low standard variation
+        grad[0] = get_vanvliet(0,1,'x');
+        grad[1] = get_vanvliet(0,1,'y');
+      } break;
+      default : { // Central finite differences
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+        cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
+          const unsigned long off = c*_width*_height*_depth + z*_width*_height;
+          Tfloat *ptrd0 = grad[0]._data + off, *ptrd1 = grad[1]._data + off;
+          CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
+          cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
+            *(ptrd0++) = (Inc - Ipc)/2;
+            *(ptrd1++) = (Icn - Icp)/2;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      }
+      if (!axes) return grad;
+      CImgList<Tfloat> res;
+      for (unsigned int l = 0; axes[l]; ++l) {
+        const char axis = cimg::uncase(axes[l]);
+        switch (axis) {
+        case 'x' : res.insert(grad[0]); break;
+        case 'y' : res.insert(grad[1]); break;
+        case 'z' : res.insert(grad[2]); break;
+        }
+      }
+      grad.assign();
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Return image hessian.
+    /**
+       \param axes Axes considered for the hessian computation, as a C-string (e.g "xy").
+    **/
+    CImgList<Tfloat> get_hessian(const char *const axes=0) const {
+      CImgList<Tfloat> res;
+      const char *naxes = axes, *const def_axes2d = "xxxyyy", *const def_axes3d = "xxxyxzyyyzzz";
+      if (!axes) naxes = _depth>1?def_axes3d:def_axes2d;
+      const unsigned int lmax = std::strlen(naxes);
+      if (lmax%2)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "get_hessian(): Invalid specified axes '%s'.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    naxes);
+
+      res.assign(lmax/2,_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(naxes,def_axes3d)) { // 3d
+
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=1048576 && _spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+        cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+          const unsigned long off = c*_width*_height*_depth;
+          Tfloat
+            *ptrd0 = res[0]._data + off, *ptrd1 = res[1]._data + off, *ptrd2 = res[2]._data + off,
+            *ptrd3 = res[3]._data + off, *ptrd4 = res[4]._data + off, *ptrd5 = res[5]._data + off;
+          CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
+          cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
+            *(ptrd0++) = Ipcc + Incc - 2*Iccc;          // Ixx
+            *(ptrd1++) = (Ippc + Innc - Ipnc - Inpc)/4; // Ixy
+            *(ptrd2++) = (Ipcp + Incn - Ipcn - Incp)/4; // Ixz
+            *(ptrd3++) = Icpc + Icnc - 2*Iccc;          // Iyy
+            *(ptrd4++) = (Icpp + Icnn - Icpn - Icnp)/4; // Iyz
+            *(ptrd5++) = Iccn + Iccp - 2*Iccc;          // Izz
+          }
+        }
+      } else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(naxes,def_axes2d)) { // 2d
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+        cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
+          const unsigned long off = c*_width*_height*_depth + z*_width*_height;
+          Tfloat *ptrd0 = res[0]._data + off, *ptrd1 = res[1]._data + off, *ptrd2 = res[2]._data + off;
+          CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
+          cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
+            *(ptrd0++) = Ipc + Inc - 2*Icc;         // Ixx
+            *(ptrd1++) = (Ipp + Inn - Ipn - Inp)/4; // Ixy
+            *(ptrd2++) = Icp + Icn - 2*Icc;         // Iyy
+          }
+        }
+      } else for (unsigned int l = 0; l<lmax; ) { // Version with custom axes.
+          const unsigned int l2 = l/2;
+          char axis1 = naxes[l++], axis2 = naxes[l++];
+          if (axis1>axis2) cimg::swap(axis1,axis2);
+          bool valid_axis = false;
+          if (axis1=='x' && axis2=='x') { // Ixx
+            valid_axis = true;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+            cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
+              Tfloat *ptrd = res[l2].data(0,0,z,c);
+              CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
+              cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) *(ptrd++) = Ipc + Inc - 2*Icc;
+            }
+          }
+          else if (axis1=='x' && axis2=='y') { // Ixy
+            valid_axis = true;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+            cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
+              Tfloat *ptrd = res[l2].data(0,0,z,c);
+              CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
+              cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) *(ptrd++) = (Ipp + Inn - Ipn - Inp)/4;
+            }
+          }
+          else if (axis1=='x' && axis2=='z') { // Ixz
+            valid_axis = true;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=1048576 && _spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              Tfloat *ptrd = res[l2].data(0,0,0,c);
+              CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
+              cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) *(ptrd++) = (Ipcp + Incn - Ipcn - Incp)/4;
+            }
+          }
+          else if (axis1=='y' && axis2=='y') { // Iyy
+            valid_axis = true;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+            cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
+              Tfloat *ptrd = res[l2].data(0,0,z,c);
+              CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
+              cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) *(ptrd++) = Icp + Icn - 2*Icc;
+            }
+          }
+          else if (axis1=='y' && axis2=='z') { // Iyz
+            valid_axis = true;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=1048576 && _spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              Tfloat *ptrd = res[l2].data(0,0,0,c);
+              CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
+              cimg_forC(*this,c) cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) *(ptrd++) = (Icpp + Icnn - Icpn - Icnp)/4;
+            }
+          }
+          else if (axis1=='z' && axis2=='z') { // Izz
+            valid_axis = true;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=1048576 && _spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              Tfloat *ptrd = res[l2].data(0,0,0,c);
+              CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
+              cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) *(ptrd++) = Iccn + Iccp - 2*Iccc;
+            }
+          }
+          else if (!valid_axis)
+            throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                        "get_hessian(): Invalid specified axes '%s'.",
+                                        cimg_instance,
+                                        naxes);
+        }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute image laplacian.
+    CImg<T>& laplacian() {
+      return get_laplacian().move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute image laplacian \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_laplacian() const {
+      if (is_empty()) return CImg<Tfloat>();
+      CImg<Tfloat> res(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+      if (_depth>1) { // 3d
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=1048576 && _spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+        cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+          Tfloat *ptrd = res.data(0,0,0,c);
+          CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
+          cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) *(ptrd++) = Incc + Ipcc + Icnc + Icpc + Iccn + Iccp - 6*Iccc;
+        }
+      } else if (_height>1) { // 2d
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+        cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+          Tfloat *ptrd = res.data(0,0,0,c);
+          CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
+          cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,Tfloat) *(ptrd++) = Inc + Ipc + Icn + Icp - 4*Icc;
+        }
+      } else { // 1d
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width>=1048576 && _height*_depth*_spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+        cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+          Tfloat *ptrd = res.data(0,0,0,c);
+          CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
+          cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,Tfloat) *(ptrd++) = Inc + Ipc - 2*Icc;
+        }
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the structure tensor field of an image.
+    /**
+       \param scheme Numerical scheme. Can be <tt>{ 0=central | 1=fwd/bwd1 | 2=fwd/bwd2 }</tt>
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& structure_tensors(const unsigned int scheme=2) {
+      return get_structure_tensors(scheme).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute the structure tensor field of an image \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_structure_tensors(const unsigned int scheme=2) const {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      CImg<Tfloat> res;
+      if (_depth>1) { // 3d
+        res.assign(_width,_height,_depth,6,0);
+        switch (scheme) {
+        case 0 : { // classical central finite differences
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=1048576 && _spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            Tfloat
+              *ptrd0 = res.data(0,0,0,0), *ptrd1 = res.data(0,0,0,1), *ptrd2 = res.data(0,0,0,2),
+              *ptrd3 = res.data(0,0,0,3), *ptrd4 = res.data(0,0,0,4), *ptrd5 = res.data(0,0,0,5);
+            CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
+            cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
+              const Tfloat
+                ix = (Incc - Ipcc)/2,
+                iy = (Icnc - Icpc)/2,
+                iz = (Iccn - Iccp)/2;
+              *(ptrd0++)+=ix*ix;
+              *(ptrd1++)+=ix*iy;
+              *(ptrd2++)+=ix*iz;
+              *(ptrd3++)+=iy*iy;
+              *(ptrd4++)+=iy*iz;
+              *(ptrd5++)+=iz*iz;
+            }
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 1 : { // Forward/backward finite differences (version 1).
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=1048576 && _spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            Tfloat
+              *ptrd0 = res.data(0,0,0,0), *ptrd1 = res.data(0,0,0,1), *ptrd2 = res.data(0,0,0,2),
+              *ptrd3 = res.data(0,0,0,3), *ptrd4 = res.data(0,0,0,4), *ptrd5 = res.data(0,0,0,5);
+            CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
+            cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
+              const Tfloat
+                ixf = Incc - Iccc, ixb = Iccc - Ipcc,
+                iyf = Icnc - Iccc, iyb = Iccc - Icpc,
+                izf = Iccn - Iccc, izb = Iccc - Iccp;
+              *(ptrd0++)+=(ixf*ixf + 2*ixf*ixb + ixb*ixb)/4;
+              *(ptrd1++)+=(ixf*iyf + ixf*iyb + ixb*iyf + ixb*iyb)/4;
+              *(ptrd2++)+=(ixf*izf + ixf*izb + ixb*izf + ixb*izb)/4;
+              *(ptrd3++)+=(iyf*iyf + 2*iyf*iyb + iyb*iyb)/4;
+              *(ptrd4++)+=(iyf*izf + iyf*izb + iyb*izf + iyb*izb)/4;
+              *(ptrd5++)+=(izf*izf + 2*izf*izb + izb*izb)/4;
+            }
+          }
+        } break;
+        default : { // Forward/backward finite differences (version 2).
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height*_depth>=1048576 && _spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            Tfloat
+              *ptrd0 = res.data(0,0,0,0), *ptrd1 = res.data(0,0,0,1), *ptrd2 = res.data(0,0,0,2),
+              *ptrd3 = res.data(0,0,0,3), *ptrd4 = res.data(0,0,0,4), *ptrd5 = res.data(0,0,0,5);
+            CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
+            cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) {
+              const Tfloat
+                ixf = Incc - Iccc, ixb = Iccc - Ipcc,
+                iyf = Icnc - Iccc, iyb = Iccc - Icpc,
+                izf = Iccn - Iccc, izb = Iccc - Iccp;
+              *(ptrd0++)+=(ixf*ixf + ixb*ixb)/2;
+              *(ptrd1++)+=(ixf*iyf + ixf*iyb + ixb*iyf + ixb*iyb)/4;
+              *(ptrd2++)+=(ixf*izf + ixf*izb + ixb*izf + ixb*izb)/4;
+              *(ptrd3++)+=(iyf*iyf + iyb*iyb)/2;
+              *(ptrd4++)+=(iyf*izf + iyf*izb + iyb*izf + iyb*izb)/4;
+              *(ptrd5++)+=(izf*izf + izb*izb)/2;
+            }
+          }
+        } break;
+        }
+      } else { // 2d
+        res.assign(_width,_height,_depth,3,0);
+        switch (scheme) {
+        case 0 : { // classical central finite differences
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            Tfloat *ptrd0 = res.data(0,0,0,0), *ptrd1 = res.data(0,0,0,1), *ptrd2 = res.data(0,0,0,2);
+            CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
+            cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,Tfloat) {
+              const Tfloat
+                ix = (Inc - Ipc)/2,
+                iy = (Icn - Icp)/2;
+              *(ptrd0++)+=ix*ix;
+              *(ptrd1++)+=ix*iy;
+              *(ptrd2++)+=iy*iy;
+            }
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 1 : { // Forward/backward finite differences (version 1).
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            Tfloat *ptrd0 = res.data(0,0,0,0), *ptrd1 = res.data(0,0,0,1), *ptrd2 = res.data(0,0,0,2);
+            CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
+            cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,Tfloat) {
+              const Tfloat
+                ixf = Inc - Icc, ixb = Icc - Ipc,
+                iyf = Icn - Icc, iyb = Icc - Icp;
+              *(ptrd0++)+=(ixf*ixf + 2*ixf*ixb + ixb*ixb)/4;
+              *(ptrd1++)+=(ixf*iyf + ixf*iyb + ixb*iyf + ixb*iyb)/4;
+              *(ptrd2++)+=(iyf*iyf + 2*iyf*iyb + iyb*iyb)/4;
+            }
+          }
+        } break;
+        default : { // Forward/backward finite differences (version 2).
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_width*_height>=1048576 && _depth*_spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            Tfloat *ptrd0 = res.data(0,0,0,0), *ptrd1 = res.data(0,0,0,1), *ptrd2 = res.data(0,0,0,2);
+            CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
+            cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,Tfloat) {
+              const Tfloat
+                ixf = Inc - Icc, ixb = Icc - Ipc,
+                iyf = Icn - Icc, iyb = Icc - Icp;
+              *(ptrd0++)+=(ixf*ixf + ixb*ixb)/2;
+              *(ptrd1++)+=(ixf*iyf + ixf*iyb + ixb*iyf + ixb*iyb)/4;
+              *(ptrd2++)+=(iyf*iyf + iyb*iyb)/2;
+            }
+          }
+        } break;
+        }
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute field of diffusion tensors for edge-preserving smoothing.
+    /**
+       \param sharpness Sharpness
+       \param anisotropy Anisotropy
+       \param alpha Standard deviation of the gradient blur.
+       \param sigma Standard deviation of the structure tensor blur.
+       \param is_sqrt Tells if the square root of the tensor field is computed instead.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& diffusion_tensors(const float sharpness=0.7f, const float anisotropy=0.6f,
+                               const float alpha=0.6f, const float sigma=1.1f, const bool is_sqrt=false) {
+      CImg<Tfloat> res;
+      const float
+        nsharpness = cimg::max(sharpness,1e-5f),
+        power1 = (is_sqrt?0.5f:1)*nsharpness,
+        power2 = power1/(1e-7f+1-anisotropy);
+      blur(alpha).normalize(0,(T)255);
+
+      if (_depth>1) { // 3d
+        get_structure_tensors().move_to(res).blur(sigma);
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if(_width>=256 && _height*_depth>=256)
+#endif
+        cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) {
+          Tfloat
+            *ptrd0 = res.data(0,y,z,0), *ptrd1 = res.data(0,y,z,1), *ptrd2 = res.data(0,y,z,2),
+            *ptrd3 = res.data(0,y,z,3), *ptrd4 = res.data(0,y,z,4), *ptrd5 = res.data(0,y,z,5);
+          CImg<floatT> val(3), vec(3,3);
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            res.get_tensor_at(x,y,z).symmetric_eigen(val,vec);
+            const float
+              _l1 = val[2], _l2 = val[1], _l3 = val[0],
+              l1 = _l1>0?_l1:0, l2 = _l2>0?_l2:0, l3 = _l3>0?_l3:0,
+              ux = vec(0,0), uy = vec(0,1), uz = vec(0,2),
+              vx = vec(1,0), vy = vec(1,1), vz = vec(1,2),
+              wx = vec(2,0), wy = vec(2,1), wz = vec(2,2),
+              n1 = (float)std::pow(1+l1+l2+l3,-power1),
+              n2 = (float)std::pow(1+l1+l2+l3,-power2);
+            *(ptrd0++) = n1*(ux*ux + vx*vx) + n2*wx*wx;
+            *(ptrd1++) = n1*(ux*uy + vx*vy) + n2*wx*wy;
+            *(ptrd2++) = n1*(ux*uz + vx*vz) + n2*wx*wz;
+            *(ptrd3++) = n1*(uy*uy + vy*vy) + n2*wy*wy;
+            *(ptrd4++) = n1*(uy*uz + vy*vz) + n2*wy*wz;
+            *(ptrd5++) = n1*(uz*uz + vz*vz) + n2*wz*wz;
+          }
+        }
+      } else { // for 2d images
+        get_structure_tensors().move_to(res).blur(sigma);
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if(_width>=256 && _height>=256)
+#endif
+        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
+          Tfloat *ptrd0 = res.data(0,y,0,0), *ptrd1 = res.data(0,y,0,1), *ptrd2 = res.data(0,y,0,2);
+          CImg<floatT> val(2), vec(2,2);
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            res.get_tensor_at(x,y).symmetric_eigen(val,vec);
+            const float
+              _l1 = val[1], _l2 = val[0],
+              l1 = _l1>0?_l1:0, l2 = _l2>0?_l2:0,
+              ux = vec(1,0), uy = vec(1,1),
+              vx = vec(0,0), vy = vec(0,1),
+              n1 = (float)std::pow(1+l1+l2,-power1),
+              n2 = (float)std::pow(1+l1+l2,-power2);
+            *(ptrd0++) = n1*ux*ux + n2*vx*vx;
+            *(ptrd1++) = n1*ux*uy + n2*vx*vy;
+            *(ptrd2++) = n1*uy*uy + n2*vy*vy;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return res.move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute field of diffusion tensors for edge-preserving smoothing \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_diffusion_tensors(const float sharpness=0.7f, const float anisotropy=0.6f,
+                                       const float alpha=0.6f, const float sigma=1.1f, const bool is_sqrt=false) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).diffusion_tensors(sharpness,anisotropy,alpha,sigma,is_sqrt);
+    }
+
+    //! Estimate displacement field between two images.
+    /**
+       \param source Reference image.
+       \param smoothness Smoothness of estimated displacement field.
+       \param precision Precision required for algorithm convergence.
+       \param nb_scales Number of scales used to estimate the displacement field.
+       \param iteration_max Maximum number of iterations allowed for one scale.
+       \param is_backward If false, match I2(X+U(X)) = I1(X), else match I2(X) = I1(X-U(X)).
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& displacement(const CImg<T>& source, const float smoothness=0.1f, const float precision=5.0f,
+                          const unsigned int nb_scales=0, const unsigned int iteration_max=10000,
+                          const bool is_backward=false) {
+      return get_displacement(source,smoothness,precision,nb_scales,iteration_max,is_backward).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Estimate displacement field between two images \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_displacement(const CImg<T>& source,
+                                  const float smoothness=0.1f, const float precision=5.0f,
+                                  const unsigned int nb_scales=0, const unsigned int iteration_max=10000,
+                                  const bool is_backward=false) const {
+      if (is_empty() || !source) return +*this;
+      if (!is_sameXYZC(source))
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "displacement(): Instance and source image (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
+                                    "different dimensions.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    source._width,source._height,source._depth,source._spectrum,source._data);
+      if (precision<0)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "displacement(): Invalid specified precision %g "
+                                    "(should be >=0)",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    precision);
+      const unsigned int _nb_scales = nb_scales>0?nb_scales:
+        (unsigned int)(2*std::log((double)(cimg::max(_width,_height))));
+      const float _precision = (float)std::pow(10.0,-(double)precision);
+      float sm, sM = source.max_min(sm), tm, tM = max_min(tm);
+      const float sdelta = sm==sM?1:(sM - sm), tdelta = tm==tM?1:(tM - tm);
+      const bool is_3d = source._depth>1;
+      CImg<floatT> U;
+
+      for (int scale = _nb_scales-1; scale>=0; --scale) {
+        const float factor = (float)std::pow(1.5,(double)scale);
+        const unsigned int
+          _sw = (unsigned int)(_width/factor), sw = _sw?_sw:1,
+          _sh = (unsigned int)(_height/factor), sh = _sh?_sh:1,
+          _sd = (unsigned int)(_depth/factor), sd = _sd?_sd:1;
+        if (sw<5 && sh<5 && (!is_3d || sd<5)) continue;  // skip too small scales.
+        const CImg<Tfloat>
+          I1 = (source.get_resize(sw,sh,sd,-100,2)-=sm)/=sdelta,
+          I2 = (get_resize(I1,2)-=tm)/=tdelta;
+        if (U) (U*=1.5f).resize(I2._width,I2._height,I2._depth,-100,3);
+        else U.assign(I2._width,I2._height,I2._depth,is_3d?3:2,0);
+        float dt = 2, energy = cimg::type<float>::max();
+        const CImgList<Tfloat> dI = is_backward?I1.get_gradient():I2.get_gradient();
+
+        for (unsigned int iteration = 0; iteration<iteration_max; ++iteration) {
+          float _energy = 0;
+          if (is_3d) { // 3d version.
+            if (smoothness>=0) cimg_for3XYZ(U,x,y,z) { // Isotropic regularization.
+                const float
+                  X = is_backward?x - U(x,y,z,0):x + U(x,y,z,0),
+                  Y = is_backward?y - U(x,y,z,1):y + U(x,y,z,1),
+                  Z = is_backward?z - U(x,y,z,2):z + U(x,y,z,2);
+                float delta_I = 0, _energy_regul = 0;
+                if (is_backward) cimg_forC(I2,c) delta_I+=(float)(I1.linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,c) - I2(x,y,z,c));
+                else cimg_forC(I2,c) delta_I+=(float)(I1(x,y,z,c) - I2.linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,c));
+                cimg_forC(U,c) {
+                  const float
+                    Ux = 0.5f*(U(_n1x,y,z,c) - U(_p1x,y,z,c)),
+                    Uy = 0.5f*(U(x,_n1y,z,c) - U(x,_p1y,z,c)),
+                    Uz = 0.5f*(U(x,y,_n1z,c) - U(x,y,_p1z,c)),
+                    Uxx = U(_n1x,y,z,c) + U(_p1x,y,z,c),
+                    Uyy = U(x,_n1y,z,c) + U(x,_p1y,z,c),
+                    Uzz = U(x,y,_n1z,c) + U(x,y,_p1z,c);
+                  U(x,y,z,c) = (float)(U(x,y,z,c) + dt*(delta_I*dI[c].linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z) +
+                                                        smoothness* ( Uxx + Uyy + Uzz)))/(1+6*smoothness*dt);
+                  _energy_regul+=Ux*Ux + Uy*Uy + Uz*Uz;
+                }
+                _energy+=delta_I*delta_I + smoothness*_energy_regul;
+              } else {
+              const float nsmoothness = -smoothness;
+              cimg_for3XYZ(U,x,y,z) { // Anisotropic regularization.
+                const float
+                  X = is_backward?x - U(x,y,z,0):x + U(x,y,z,0),
+                  Y = is_backward?y - U(x,y,z,1):y + U(x,y,z,1),
+                  Z = is_backward?z - U(x,y,z,2):z + U(x,y,z,2);
+                float delta_I = 0, _energy_regul = 0;
+                if (is_backward) cimg_forC(I2,c) delta_I+=(float)(I1.linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,c) - I2(x,y,z,c));
+                else cimg_forC(I2,c) delta_I+=(float)(I1(x,y,z,c) - I2.linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z,c));
+                cimg_forC(U,c) {
+                  const float
+                    Ux = 0.5f*(U(_n1x,y,z,c) - U(_p1x,y,z,c)),
+                    Uy = 0.5f*(U(x,_n1y,z,c) - U(x,_p1y,z,c)),
+                    Uz = 0.5f*(U(x,y,_n1z,c) - U(x,y,_p1z,c)),
+                    N2 = Ux*Ux + Uy*Uy + Uz*Uz,
+                    N = std::sqrt(N2),
+                    N3 = 1e-5f + N2*N,
+                    coef_a = (1 - Ux*Ux/N2)/N,
+                    coef_b = -2*Ux*Uy/N3,
+                    coef_c = -2*Ux*Uz/N3,
+                    coef_d = (1 - Uy*Uy/N2)/N,
+                    coef_e = -2*Uy*Uz/N3,
+                    coef_f = (1 - Uz*Uz/N2)/N,
+                    Uxx = U(_n1x,y,z,c) + U(_p1x,y,z,c),
+                    Uyy = U(x,_n1y,z,c) + U(x,_p1y,z,c),
+                    Uzz = U(x,y,_n1z,c) + U(x,y,_p1z,c),
+                    Uxy = 0.25f*(U(_n1x,_n1y,z,c) + U(_p1x,_p1y,z,c) - U(_n1x,_p1y,z,c) - U(_n1x,_p1y,z,c)),
+                    Uxz = 0.25f*(U(_n1x,y,_n1z,c) + U(_p1x,y,_p1z,c) - U(_n1x,y,_p1z,c) - U(_n1x,y,_p1z,c)),
+                    Uyz = 0.25f*(U(x,_n1y,_n1z,c) + U(x,_p1y,_p1z,c) - U(x,_n1y,_p1z,c) - U(x,_n1y,_p1z,c));
+                  U(x,y,z,c) = (float)(U(x,y,z,c) + dt*(delta_I*dI[c].linear_atXYZ(X,Y,Z) +
+                                                        nsmoothness* ( coef_a*Uxx + coef_b*Uxy +
+                                                                       coef_c*Uxz + coef_d*Uyy +
+                                                                       coef_e*Uyz + coef_f*Uzz ))
+                                       )/(1+2*(coef_a+coef_d+coef_f)*nsmoothness*dt);
+                  _energy_regul+=N;
+                }
+                _energy+=delta_I*delta_I + nsmoothness*_energy_regul;
+              }
+            }
+          } else { // 2d version.
+            if (smoothness>=0) cimg_for3XY(U,x,y) { // Isotropic regularization.
+                const float
+                  X = is_backward?x - U(x,y,0):x + U(x,y,0),
+                  Y = is_backward?y - U(x,y,1):y + U(x,y,1);
+                float delta_I = 0, _energy_regul = 0;
+                if (is_backward) cimg_forC(I2,c) delta_I+=(float)(I1.linear_atXY(X,Y,c) - I2(x,y,c));
+                else cimg_forC(I2,c) delta_I+=(float)(I1(x,y,c) - I2.linear_atXY(X,Y,c));
+                cimg_forC(U,c) {
+                  const float
+                    Ux = 0.5f*(U(_n1x,y,c) - U(_p1x,y,c)),
+                    Uy = 0.5f*(U(x,_n1y,c) - U(x,_p1y,c)),
+                    Uxx = U(_n1x,y,c) + U(_p1x,y,c),
+                    Uyy = U(x,_n1y,c) + U(x,_p1y,c);
+                  U(x,y,c) = (float)(U(x,y,c) + dt*(delta_I*dI[c].linear_atXY(X,Y) +
+                                                    smoothness*( Uxx + Uyy )))/(1+4*smoothness*dt);
+                  _energy_regul+=Ux*Ux + Uy*Uy;
+                }
+                _energy+=delta_I*delta_I + smoothness*_energy_regul;
+              } else {
+              const float nsmoothness = -smoothness;
+              cimg_for3XY(U,x,y) { // Anisotropic regularization.
+                const float
+                  X = is_backward?x - U(x,y,0):x + U(x,y,0),
+                  Y = is_backward?y - U(x,y,1):y + U(x,y,1);
+                float delta_I = 0, _energy_regul = 0;
+                if (is_backward) cimg_forC(I2,c) delta_I+=(float)(I1.linear_atXY(X,Y,c) - I2(x,y,c));
+                else cimg_forC(I2,c) delta_I+=(float)(I1(x,y,c) - I2.linear_atXY(X,Y,c));
+                cimg_forC(U,c) {
+                  const float
+                    Ux = 0.5f*(U(_n1x,y,c) - U(_p1x,y,c)),
+                    Uy = 0.5f*(U(x,_n1y,c) - U(x,_p1y,c)),
+                    N2 = Ux*Ux + Uy*Uy,
+                    N = std::sqrt(N2),
+                    N3 = 1e-5f + N2*N,
+                    coef_a = Uy*Uy/N3,
+                    coef_b = -2*Ux*Uy/N3,
+                    coef_c = Ux*Ux/N3,
+                    Uxx = U(_n1x,y,c) + U(_p1x,y,c),
+                    Uyy = U(x,_n1y,c) + U(x,_p1y,c),
+                    Uxy = 0.25f*(U(_n1x,_n1y,c) + U(_p1x,_p1y,c) - U(_n1x,_p1y,c) - U(_n1x,_p1y,c));
+                  U(x,y,c) = (float)(U(x,y,c) + dt*(delta_I*dI[c].linear_atXY(X,Y) +
+                                                    nsmoothness*( coef_a*Uxx + coef_b*Uxy + coef_c*Uyy )))/
+                    (1+2*(coef_a+coef_c)*nsmoothness*dt);
+                  _energy_regul+=N;
+                }
+                _energy+=delta_I*delta_I + nsmoothness*_energy_regul;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          const float d_energy = (_energy - energy)/(sw*sh*sd);
+          if (d_energy<=0 && -d_energy<_precision) break;
+          if (d_energy>0) dt*=0.5f;
+          energy = _energy;
+        }
+      }
+      return U;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute Euclidean distance function to a specified value.
+    /**
+        \param value Reference value.
+        \param metric Type of metric. Can be <tt>{ 0=Chebyshev | 1=Manhattan | 2=Euclidean | 3=Squared-euclidean }</tt>.
+        \note
+        The distance transform implementation has been submitted by A. Meijster, and implements
+        the article 'W.H. Hesselink, A. Meijster, J.B.T.M. Roerdink,
+                     "A general algorithm for computing distance transforms in linear time.",
+                     In: Mathematical Morphology and its Applications to Image and Signal Processing,
+                     J. Goutsias, L. Vincent, and D.S. Bloomberg (eds.), Kluwer, 2000, pp. 331-340.'
+         The submitted code has then been modified to fit CImg coding style and constraints.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& distance(const T value, const unsigned int metric=2) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      bool is_value = false;
+      cimg_for(*this,ptr,T) *ptr = *ptr==value?is_value=true,0:(T)999999999;
+      if (!is_value) return fill(cimg::type<T>::max());
+      switch (metric) {
+      case 0 : return _distance_core(_distance_sep_cdt,_distance_dist_cdt);          // Chebyshev.
+      case 1 : return _distance_core(_distance_sep_mdt,_distance_dist_mdt);          // Manhattan.
+      case 3 : return _distance_core(_distance_sep_edt,_distance_dist_edt);          // Squared Euclidean.
+      default : return _distance_core(_distance_sep_edt,_distance_dist_edt).sqrt();  // Euclidean.
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute distance to a specified value \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_distance(const T value, const unsigned int metric=2) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).distance((Tfloat)value,metric);
+    }
+
+    static long _distance_sep_edt(const long i, const long u, const long *const g) {
+      return (u*u-i*i+g[u]-g[i])/(2*(u-i));
+    }
+
+    static long _distance_dist_edt(const long x, const long i, const long *const g) {
+      return (x-i)*(x-i) + g[i];
+    }
+
+    static long _distance_sep_mdt(const long i, const long u, const long *const g) {
+      return (u-i<=g[u]-g[i]?999999999:(g[u]-g[i]+u+i)/2);
+    }
+
+    static long _distance_dist_mdt(const long x, const long i, const long *const g) {
+      return (x<i?i-x:x-i) + g[i];
+    }
+
+    static long _distance_sep_cdt(const long i, const long u, const long *const g) {
+      const long h = (i+u)/2;
+      if (g[i]<=g[u]) { return h<i+g[u]?i+g[u]:h; }
+      return h<u-g[i]?h:u-g[i];
+    }
+
+    static long _distance_dist_cdt(const long x, const long i, const long *const g) {
+      const long d = x<i?i-x:x-i;
+      return d<g[i]?g[i]:d;
+    }
+
+    static void _distance_scan(const unsigned int len,
+                               const long *const g,
+                               long (*const sep)(const long, const long, const long *const),
+                               long (*const f)(const long, const long, const long *const),
+                               long *const s,
+                               long *const t,
+                               long *const dt) {
+      long q = s[0] = t[0] = 0;
+      for (int u = 1; u<(int)len; ++u) { // Forward scan.
+        while ((q>=0) && f(t[q],s[q],g)>f(t[q],u,g)) { --q; }
+        if (q<0) { q = 0; s[0] = u; }
+        else { const long w = 1 + sep(s[q], u, g); if (w<(long)len) { ++q; s[q] = u; t[q] = w; }}
+      }
+      for (int u = (int)len-1; u>=0; --u) { dt[u] = f(u,s[q],g); if (u==t[q]) --q; } // Backward scan.
+    }
+
+    CImg<T>& _distance_core(long (*const sep)(const long, const long, const long *const),
+                            long (*const f)(const long, const long, const long *const)) {
+      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+      cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+        CImg<longT> g(_width), dt(_width), s(_width), t(_width);
+        CImg<T> img = get_shared_channel(c);
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_width>=512 && _height*_depth>=16) firstprivate(g,dt,s,t)
+#endif
+        cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) { // Over X-direction.
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) g[x] = (long)img(x,y,z,0,wh);
+          _distance_scan(_width,g,sep,f,s,t,dt);
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) img(x,y,z,0,wh) = (T)dt[x];
+        }
+        if (_height>1) {
+          g.assign(_height); dt.assign(_height); s.assign(_height); t.assign(_height);
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_height>=512 && _width*_depth>=16) firstprivate(g,dt,s,t)
+#endif
+          cimg_forXZ(*this,x,z) { // Over Y-direction.
+            cimg_forY(*this,y) g[y] = (long)img(x,y,z,0,wh);
+            _distance_scan(_height,g,sep,f,s,t,dt);
+            cimg_forY(*this,y) img(x,y,z,0,wh) = (T)dt[y];
+          }
+        }
+        if (_depth>1) {
+          g.assign(_depth); dt.assign(_depth); s.assign(_depth); t.assign(_depth);
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if (_depth>=512 && _width*_height>=16) firstprivate(g,dt,s,t)
+#endif
+          cimg_forXY(*this,x,y) { // Over Z-direction.
+            cimg_forZ(*this,z) g[z] = (long)img(x,y,z,0,wh);
+            _distance_scan(_depth,g,sep,f,s,t,dt);
+            cimg_forZ(*this,z) img(x,y,z,0,wh) = (T)dt[z];
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute chamfer distance to a specified value, with a custom metric.
+    /**
+       \param value Reference value.
+       \param metric_mask Metric mask.
+       \note The algorithm code has been initially proposed by A. Meijster, and modified by D. Tschumperlé.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& distance(const T value, const CImg<t>& metric_mask) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      bool is_value = false;
+      cimg_for(*this,ptr,T) *ptr = *ptr==value?is_value=true,0:(T)999999999;
+      if (!is_value) return fill(cimg::type<T>::max());
+      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_spectrum>=2)
+#endif
+      cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+        CImg<T> img = get_shared_channel(c);
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(3) if (_width*_height*_depth>=1024)
+#endif
+        cimg_forXYZ(metric_mask,dx,dy,dz) {
+          const t weight = metric_mask(dx,dy,dz);
+          if (weight) {
+            for (int z = dz, nz = 0; z<depth(); ++z,++nz) { // Forward scan.
+              for (int y = dy , ny = 0; y<height(); ++y,++ny) {
+                for (int x = dx, nx = 0; x<width(); ++x,++nx) {
+                  const T dd = img(nx,ny,nz,0,wh) + weight;
+                  if (dd<img(x,y,z,0,wh)) img(x,y,z,0,wh) = dd;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+            for (int z = depth() - 1 - dz, nz = depth() - 1; z>=0; --z,--nz) { // Backward scan.
+              for (int y = height() - 1 - dy, ny = height() - 1; y>=0; --y,--ny) {
+                for (int x = width() - 1 - dx, nx = width() - 1; x>=0; --x,--nx) {
+                  const T dd = img(nx,ny,nz,0,wh) + weight;
+                  if (dd<img(x,y,z,0,wh)) img(x,y,z,0,wh) = dd;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute chamfer distance to a specified value, with a custom metric \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_distance(const T value, const CImg<t>& metric_mask) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).distance(value,metric_mask);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute distance to a specified value, according to a custom metric (use dijkstra algorithm).
+    /**
+       \param value Reference value.
+       \param metric Field of distance potentials.
+       \param is_high_connectivity Tells if the algorithm uses low or high connectivity.
+     **/
+    template<typename t, typename to>
+    CImg<T>& distance_dijkstra(const T value, const CImg<t>& metric, const bool is_high_connectivity,
+                               CImg<to>& return_path) {
+      return get_distance_dijkstra(value,metric,is_high_connectivity,return_path).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute distance map to a specified value, according to a custom metric (use dijkstra algorithm). \newinstance.
+    template<typename t, typename to>
+    CImg<typename cimg::superset<t,long>::type>
+    get_distance_dijkstra(const T value, const CImg<t>& metric, const bool is_high_connectivity,
+                          CImg<to>& return_path) const {
+      if (is_empty()) return return_path.assign();
+      if (!is_sameXYZ(metric))
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "distance_dijkstra(): image instance and metric map (%u,%u,%u,%u) "
+                                    "have incompatible dimensions.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    metric._width,metric._height,metric._depth,metric._spectrum);
+      typedef typename cimg::superset<t,long>::type td;  // Type used for computing cumulative distances.
+      CImg<td> result(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum), Q;
+      CImg<boolT> is_queued(_width,_height,_depth,1);
+      if (return_path) return_path.assign(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+
+      cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+        const CImg<T> img = get_shared_channel(c);
+        const CImg<t> met = metric.get_shared_channel(c%metric._spectrum);
+        CImg<td> res = result.get_shared_channel(c);
+        CImg<to> path = return_path?return_path.get_shared_channel(c):CImg<to>();
+        unsigned int sizeQ = 0;
+
+        // Detect initial seeds.
+        is_queued.fill(0);
+        cimg_forXYZ(img,x,y,z) if (img(x,y,z)==value) {
+          Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,0,x,y,z);
+          res(x,y,z) = 0;
+          if (path) path(x,y,z) = (to)0;
+        }
+
+        // Start distance propagation.
+        while (sizeQ) {
+
+          // Get and remove point with minimal potential from the queue.
+          const int x = (int)Q(0,1), y = (int)Q(0,2), z = (int)Q(0,3);
+          const td P = (td)-Q(0,0);
+          Q._priority_queue_remove(sizeQ);
+
+          // Update neighbors.
+          td npot = 0;
+          if (x-1>=0 && Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=met(x-1,y,z)+P),x-1,y,z)) {
+            res(x-1,y,z) = npot; if (path) path(x-1,y,z) = (to)2;
+          }
+          if (x+1<width() && Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=met(x+1,y,z)+P),x+1,y,z)) {
+            res(x+1,y,z) = npot; if (path) path(x+1,y,z) = (to)1;
+          }
+          if (y-1>=0 && Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=met(x,y-1,z)+P),x,y-1,z)) {
+            res(x,y-1,z) = npot; if (path) path(x,y-1,z) = (to)8;
+          }
+          if (y+1<height() && Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=met(x,y+1,z)+P),x,y+1,z)) {
+            res(x,y+1,z) = npot; if (path) path(x,y+1,z) = (to)4;
+          }
+          if (z-1>=0 && Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=met(x,y,z-1)+P),x,y,z-1)) {
+            res(x,y,z-1) = npot; if (path) path(x,y,z-1) = (to)32;
+          }
+          if (z+1<depth() && Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=met(x,y,z+1)+P),x,y,z+1)) {
+            res(x,y,z+1) = npot; if (path) path(x,y,z+1) = (to)16;
+          }
+
+          if (is_high_connectivity) {
+            const float sqrt2 = std::sqrt(2.0f), sqrt3 = std::sqrt(3.0f);
+
+            // Diagonal neighbors on slice z.
+            if (x-1>=0 && y-1>=0 &&
+                Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x-1,y-1,z)+P)),x-1,y-1,z)) {
+              res(x-1,y-1,z) = npot; if (path) path(x-1,y-1,z) = (to)10;
+            }
+            if (x+1<width() && y-1>=0 &&
+                Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x+1,y-1,z)+P)),x+1,y-1,z)) {
+              res(x+1,y-1,z) = npot; if (path) path(x+1,y-1,z) = (to)9;
+            }
+            if (x-1>=0 && y+1<height() &&
+                Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x-1,y+1,z)+P)),x-1,y+1,z)) {
+              res(x-1,y+1,z) = npot; if (path) path(x-1,y+1,z) = (to)6;
+            }
+            if (x+1<width() && y+1<height() &&
+                Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x+1,y+1,z)+P)),x+1,y+1,z)) {
+              res(x+1,y+1,z) = npot; if (path) path(x+1,y+1,z) = (to)5;
+            }
+
+            if (z-1>=0) { // Diagonal neighbors on slice z-1.
+              if (x-1>=0 &&
+                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x-1,y,z-1)+P)),x-1,y,z-1)) {
+                res(x-1,y,z-1) = npot; if (path) path(x-1,y,z-1) = (to)34;
+              }
+              if (x+1<width() &&
+                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x+1,y,z-1)+P)),x+1,y,z-1)) {
+                res(x+1,y,z-1) = npot; if (path) path(x+1,y,z-1) = (to)33;
+              }
+              if (y-1>=0 &&
+                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x,y-1,z-1)+P)),x,y-1,z-1)) {
+                res(x,y-1,z-1) = npot; if (path) path(x,y-1,z-1) = (to)40;
+              }
+              if (y+1<height() &&
+                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x,y+1,z-1)+P)),x,y+1,z-1)) {
+                res(x,y+1,z-1) = npot; if (path) path(x,y+1,z-1) = (to)36;
+              }
+              if (x-1>=0 && y-1>=0 &&
+                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt3*met(x-1,y-1,z-1)+P)),x-1,y-1,z-1)) {
+                res(x-1,y-1,z-1) = npot; if (path) path(x-1,y-1,z-1) = (to)42;
+              }
+              if (x+1<width() && y-1>=0 &&
+                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt3*met(x+1,y-1,z-1)+P)),x+1,y-1,z-1)) {
+                res(x+1,y-1,z-1) = npot; if (path) path(x+1,y-1,z-1) = (to)41;
+              }
+              if (x-1>=0 && y+1<height() &&
+                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt3*met(x-1,y+1,z-1)+P)),x-1,y+1,z-1)) {
+                res(x-1,y+1,z-1) = npot; if (path) path(x-1,y+1,z-1) = (to)38;
+              }
+              if (x+1<width() && y+1<height() &&
+                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt3*met(x+1,y+1,z-1)+P)),x+1,y+1,z-1)) {
+                res(x+1,y+1,z-1) = npot; if (path) path(x+1,y+1,z-1) = (to)37;
+              }
+            }
+
+            if (z+1<depth()) { // Diagonal neighbors on slice z+1.
+              if (x-1>=0 &&
+                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x-1,y,z+1)+P)),x-1,y,z+1)) {
+                res(x-1,y,z+1) = npot; if (path) path(x-1,y,z+1) = (to)18;
+              }
+              if (x+1<width() &&
+                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x+1,y,z+1)+P)),x+1,y,z+1)) {
+                res(x+1,y,z+1) = npot; if (path) path(x+1,y,z+1) = (to)17;
+              }
+              if (y-1>=0 &&
+                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x,y-1,z+1)+P)),x,y-1,z+1)) {
+                res(x,y-1,z+1) = npot; if (path) path(x,y-1,z+1) = (to)24;
+              }
+              if (y+1<height() &&
+                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt2*met(x,y+1,z+1)+P)),x,y+1,z+1)) {
+                res(x,y+1,z+1) = npot; if (path) path(x,y+1,z+1) = (to)20;
+              }
+              if (x-1>=0 && y-1>=0 &&
+                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt3*met(x-1,y-1,z+1)+P)),x-1,y-1,z+1)) {
+                res(x-1,y-1,z+1) = npot; if (path) path(x-1,y-1,z+1) = (to)26;
+              }
+              if (x+1<width() && y-1>=0 &&
+                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt3*met(x+1,y-1,z+1)+P)),x+1,y-1,z+1)) {
+                res(x+1,y-1,z+1) = npot; if (path) path(x+1,y-1,z+1) = (to)25;
+              }
+              if (x-1>=0 && y+1<height() &&
+                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt3*met(x-1,y+1,z+1)+P)),x-1,y+1,z+1)) {
+                res(x-1,y+1,z+1) = npot; if (path) path(x-1,y+1,z+1) = (to)22;
+              }
+              if (x+1<width() && y+1<height() &&
+                  Q._priority_queue_insert(is_queued,sizeQ,-(npot=(td)(sqrt3*met(x+1,y+1,z+1)+P)),x+1,y+1,z+1)) {
+                res(x+1,y+1,z+1) = npot; if (path) path(x+1,y+1,z+1) = (to)21;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute distance map to a specified value, according to a custom metric (use dijkstra algorithm). \overloading.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& distance_dijkstra(const T value, const CImg<t>& metric,
+                               const bool is_high_connectivity=false) {
+      return get_distance_dijkstra(value,metric,is_high_connectivity).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute distance map to a specified value, according to a custom metric (use dijkstra algorithm). \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_distance_dijkstra(const T value, const CImg<t>& metric,
+                                       const bool is_high_connectivity=false) const {
+      CImg<T> return_path;
+      return get_distance_dijkstra(value,metric,is_high_connectivity,return_path);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute distance map to one source point, according to a custom metric (use fast marching algorithm).
+    /**
+       \param value Reference value.
+       \param metric Field of distance potentials.
+     **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& distance_eikonal(const T value, const CImg<t>& metric) {
+      return get_distance_eikonal(value,metric).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute distance map to one source point, according to a custom metric (use fast marching algorithm).
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_distance_eikonal(const T value, const CImg<t>& metric) const {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (!is_sameXYZ(metric))
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "distance_eikonal(): image instance and metric map (%u,%u,%u,%u) have "
+                                    "incompatible dimensions.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    metric._width,metric._height,metric._depth,metric._spectrum);
+      CImg<Tfloat> result(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,cimg::type<Tfloat>::max()), Q;
+      CImg<charT> state(_width,_height,_depth); // -1=far away, 0=narrow, 1=frozen.
+
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (_spectrum>=2) firstprivate(Q,state)
+#endif
+      cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+        const CImg<T> img = get_shared_channel(c);
+        const CImg<t> met = metric.get_shared_channel(c%metric._spectrum);
+        CImg<Tfloat> res = result.get_shared_channel(c);
+        unsigned int sizeQ = 0;
+        state.fill(-1);
+
+        // Detect initial seeds.
+        Tfloat *ptr1 = res._data; char *ptr2 = state._data;
+        cimg_for(img,ptr0,T) { if (*ptr0==value) { *ptr1 = 0; *ptr2 = 1; } ++ptr1; ++ptr2; }
+
+        // Initialize seeds neighbors.
+        ptr2 = state._data;
+        cimg_forXYZ(img,x,y,z) if (*(ptr2++)==1) {
+          if (x-1>=0 && state(x-1,y,z)==-1) {
+            const Tfloat dist = res(x-1,y,z) = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x-1,y,z),x-1,y,z);
+            Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x-1,y,z);
+          }
+          if (x+1<width() && state(x+1,y,z)==-1) {
+            const Tfloat dist = res(x+1,y,z) = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x+1,y,z),x+1,y,z);
+            Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x+1,y,z);
+          }
+          if (y-1>=0 && state(x,y-1,z)==-1) {
+            const Tfloat dist = res(x,y-1,z) = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x,y-1,z),x,y-1,z);
+            Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x,y-1,z);
+          }
+          if (y+1<height() && state(x,y+1,z)==-1) {
+            const Tfloat dist = res(x,y+1,z) = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x,y+1,z),x,y+1,z);
+            Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x,y+1,z);
+          }
+          if (z-1>=0 && state(x,y,z-1)==-1) {
+            const Tfloat dist = res(x,y,z-1) = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x,y,z-1),x,y,z-1);
+            Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x,y,z-1);
+          }
+          if (z+1<depth() && state(x,y,z+1)==-1) {
+            const Tfloat dist = res(x,y,z+1) = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x,y,z+1),x,y,z+1);
+            Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x,y,z+1);
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Propagate front.
+        while (sizeQ) {
+          int x = -1, y = -1, z = -1;
+          while (sizeQ && x<0) {
+            x = (int)Q(0,1); y = (int)Q(0,2); z = (int)Q(0,3);
+            Q._priority_queue_remove(sizeQ);
+            if (state(x,y,z)==1) x = -1; else state(x,y,z) = 1;
+          }
+          if (x>=0) {
+            if (x-1>=0 && state(x-1,y,z)!=1) {
+              const Tfloat dist = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x-1,y,z),x-1,y,z);
+              if (dist<res(x-1,y,z)) { res(x-1,y,z) = dist; Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x-1,y,z); }
+            }
+            if (x+1<width() && state(x+1,y,z)!=1) {
+              const Tfloat dist = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x+1,y,z),x+1,y,z);
+              if (dist<res(x+1,y,z)) { res(x+1,y,z) = dist; Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x+1,y,z); }
+            }
+            if (y-1>=0 && state(x,y-1,z)!=1) {
+              const Tfloat dist = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x,y-1,z),x,y-1,z);
+              if (dist<res(x,y-1,z)) { res(x,y-1,z) = dist; Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x,y-1,z); }
+            }
+            if (y+1<height() && state(x,y+1,z)!=1) {
+              const Tfloat dist = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x,y+1,z),x,y+1,z);
+              if (dist<res(x,y+1,z)) { res(x,y+1,z) = dist; Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x,y+1,z); }
+            }
+            if (z-1>=0 && state(x,y,z-1)!=1) {
+              const Tfloat dist = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x,y,z-1),x,y,z-1);
+              if (dist<res(x,y,z-1)) { res(x,y,z-1) = dist; Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x,y,z-1); }
+            }
+            if (z+1<depth() && state(x,y,z+1)!=1) {
+              const Tfloat dist = __distance_eikonal(res,met(x,y,z+1),x,y,z+1);
+              if (dist<res(x,y,z+1)) { res(x,y,z+1) = dist; Q._eik_priority_queue_insert(state,sizeQ,-dist,x,y,z+1); }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    // Locally solve eikonal equation.
+    Tfloat __distance_eikonal(const CImg<Tfloat>& res, const Tfloat P,
+                              const int x=0, const int y=0, const int z=0) const {
+      const T M = cimg::type<T>::max();
+      T T1 = cimg::min(x-1>=0?res(x-1,y,z):M,x+1<width()?res(x+1,y,z):M);
+      Tfloat root = 0;
+      if (_depth>1) { // 3d.
+        T
+          T2 = cimg::min(y-1>=0?res(x,y-1,z):M,y+1<height()?res(x,y+1,z):M),
+          T3 = cimg::min(z-1>=0?res(x,y,z-1):M,z+1<depth()?res(x,y,z+1):M);
+        if (T1>T2) cimg::swap(T1,T2);
+        if (T2>T3) cimg::swap(T2,T3);
+        if (T1>T2) cimg::swap(T1,T2);
+        if (P<=0) return (Tfloat)T1;
+        if (T3<M && ___distance_eikonal(3,-2*(T1+T2+T3),T1*T1+T2*T2+T3*T3-P*P,root)) return cimg::max((Tfloat)T3,root);
+        if (T2<M && ___distance_eikonal(2,-2*(T1+T2),T1*T1+T2*T2-P*P,root)) return cimg::max((Tfloat)T2,root);
+        return P + T1;
+      } else if (_height>1) { // 2d.
+        T T2 = cimg::min(y-1>=0?res(x,y-1,z):M,y+1<height()?res(x,y+1,z):M);
+        if (T1>T2) cimg::swap(T1,T2);
+        if (P<=0) return (Tfloat)T1;
+        if (T2<M && ___distance_eikonal(2,-2*(T1+T2),T1*T1+T2*T2-P*P,root)) return cimg::max((Tfloat)T2,root);
+        return P + T1;
+      } else { // 1d.
+        if (P<=0) return (Tfloat)T1;
+        return P + T1;
+      }
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    // Find max root of a 2nd-order polynomial.
+    static bool ___distance_eikonal(const Tfloat a, const Tfloat b, const Tfloat c, Tfloat &root) {
+      const Tfloat delta = b*b - 4*a*c;
+      if (delta<0) return false;
+      root = 0.5f*(-b + std::sqrt(delta))/a;
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    // Insert new point in heap.
+    template<typename t>
+    void _eik_priority_queue_insert(CImg<charT>& state, unsigned int& siz, const t value,
+                                    const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y, const unsigned int z) {
+      if (state(x,y,z)>0) return;
+      state(x,y,z) = 0;
+      if (++siz>=_width) { if (!is_empty()) resize(_width*2,4,1,1,0); else assign(64,4); }
+      (*this)(siz-1,0) = (T)value; (*this)(siz-1,1) = (T)x; (*this)(siz-1,2) = (T)y; (*this)(siz-1,3) = (T)z;
+      for (unsigned int pos = siz - 1, par = 0; pos && value>(*this)(par=(pos+1)/2-1,0); pos = par) {
+        cimg::swap((*this)(pos,0),(*this)(par,0)); cimg::swap((*this)(pos,1),(*this)(par,1));
+        cimg::swap((*this)(pos,2),(*this)(par,2)); cimg::swap((*this)(pos,3),(*this)(par,3));
+      }
+    }
+
+    //! Compute distance function to 0-valued isophotes, using the Eikonal PDE.
+    /**
+       \param nb_iterations Number of PDE iterations.
+       \param band_size Size of the narrow band.
+       \param time_step Time step of the PDE iterations.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& distance_eikonal(const unsigned int nb_iterations, const float band_size=0, const float time_step=0.5f) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      CImg<Tfloat> velocity(*this);
+      for (unsigned int iteration = 0; iteration<nb_iterations; ++iteration) {
+        Tfloat *ptrd = velocity._data, veloc_max = 0;
+        if (_depth>1) { // 3d
+          CImg_3x3x3(I,Tfloat);
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) cimg_for3x3x3(*this,x,y,z,c,I,Tfloat) if (band_size<=0 || cimg::abs(Iccc)<band_size) {
+            const Tfloat
+              gx = (Incc - Ipcc)/2,
+              gy = (Icnc - Icpc)/2,
+              gz = (Iccn - Iccp)/2,
+              sgn = -cimg::sign(Iccc),
+              ix = gx*sgn>0?(Incc - Iccc):(Iccc - Ipcc),
+              iy = gy*sgn>0?(Icnc - Iccc):(Iccc - Icpc),
+              iz = gz*sgn>0?(Iccn - Iccc):(Iccc - Iccp),
+              ng = (Tfloat)(1e-5f + std::sqrt(gx*gx + gy*gy + gz*gz)),
+              ngx = gx/ng,
+              ngy = gy/ng,
+              ngz = gz/ng,
+              veloc = sgn*(ngx*ix + ngy*iy + ngz*iz - 1);
+            *(ptrd++) = veloc;
+            if (veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = veloc; else if (-veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = -veloc;
+          } else *(ptrd++) = 0;
+        } else { // 2d version
+          CImg_3x3(I,Tfloat);
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) cimg_for3x3(*this,x,y,0,c,I,Tfloat) if (band_size<=0 || cimg::abs(Icc)<band_size) {
+            const Tfloat
+              gx = (Inc - Ipc)/2,
+              gy = (Icn - Icp)/2,
+              sgn = -cimg::sign(Icc),
+              ix = gx*sgn>0?(Inc - Icc):(Icc - Ipc),
+              iy = gy*sgn>0?(Icn - Icc):(Icc - Icp),
+              ng = (Tfloat)(1e-5f + std::sqrt(gx*gx + gy*gy)),
+              ngx = gx/ng,
+              ngy = gy/ng,
+              veloc = sgn*(ngx*ix + ngy*iy - 1);
+            *(ptrd++) = veloc;
+            if (veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = veloc; else if (-veloc>veloc_max) veloc_max = -veloc;
+          } else *(ptrd++) = 0;
+        }
+        if (veloc_max>0) *this+=(velocity*=time_step/veloc_max);
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute distance function to 0-valued isophotes, using the Eikonal PDE \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_distance_eikonal(const unsigned int nb_iterations, const float band_size=0,
+                                      const float time_step=0.5f) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).distance_eikonal(nb_iterations,band_size,time_step);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute Haar multiscale wavelet transform.
+    /**
+       \param axis Axis considered for the transform.
+       \param invert Set inverse of direct transform.
+       \param nb_scales Number of scales used for the transform.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& haar(const char axis, const bool invert=false, const unsigned int nb_scales=1) {
+      return get_haar(axis,invert,nb_scales).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute Haar multiscale wavelet transform \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_haar(const char axis, const bool invert=false, const unsigned int nb_scales=1) const {
+      if (is_empty() || !nb_scales) return +*this;
+      CImg<Tfloat> res;
+      const Tfloat sqrt2 = std::sqrt(2);
+      if (nb_scales==1) {
+        switch (cimg::uncase(axis)) { // Single scale transform
+        case 'x' : {
+          const unsigned int w = _width/2;
+          if (w) {
+            if ((w%2) && w!=1)
+              throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                          "haar(): Sub-image width %u is not even.",
+                                          cimg_instance,
+                                          w);
+
+            res.assign(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+            if (invert) cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) { // Inverse transform along X
+              for (unsigned int x = 0, xw = w, x2 = 0; x<w; ++x, ++xw) {
+                const Tfloat val0 = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z,c), val1 = (Tfloat)(*this)(xw,y,z,c);
+                res(x2++,y,z,c) = (val0 - val1)/sqrt2;
+                res(x2++,y,z,c) = (val0 + val1)/sqrt2;
+              }
+            } else cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) { // Direct transform along X
+              for (unsigned int x = 0, xw = w, x2 = 0; x<w; ++x, ++xw) {
+                const Tfloat val0 = (Tfloat)(*this)(x2++,y,z,c), val1 = (Tfloat)(*this)(x2++,y,z,c);
+                res(x,y,z,c) = (val0 + val1)/sqrt2;
+                res(xw,y,z,c) = (val1 - val0)/sqrt2;
+              }
+            }
+          } else return *this;
+        } break;
+        case 'y' : {
+          const unsigned int h = _height/2;
+          if (h) {
+            if ((h%2) && h!=1)
+              throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                          "haar(): Sub-image height %u is not even.",
+                                          cimg_instance,
+                                          h);
+
+            res.assign(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+            if (invert) cimg_forXZC(*this,x,z,c) { // Inverse transform along Y
+              for (unsigned int y = 0, yh = h, y2 = 0; y<h; ++y, ++yh) {
+                const Tfloat val0 = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z,c), val1 = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,yh,z,c);
+                res(x,y2++,z,c) = (val0 - val1)/sqrt2;
+                res(x,y2++,z,c) = (val0 + val1)/sqrt2;
+              }
+            } else cimg_forXZC(*this,x,z,c) {
+              for (unsigned int y = 0, yh = h, y2 = 0; y<h; ++y, ++yh) { // Direct transform along Y
+                const Tfloat val0 = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y2++,z,c), val1 = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y2++,z,c);
+                res(x,y,z,c)  = (val0 + val1)/sqrt2;
+                res(x,yh,z,c) = (val1 - val0)/sqrt2;
+              }
+            }
+          } else return *this;
+        } break;
+        case 'z' : {
+          const unsigned int d = _depth/2;
+          if (d) {
+            if ((d%2) && d!=1)
+              throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                          "haar(): Sub-image depth %u is not even.",
+                                          cimg_instance,
+                                          d);
+
+            res.assign(_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+            if (invert) cimg_forXYC(*this,x,y,c) { // Inverse transform along Z
+              for (unsigned int z = 0, zd = d, z2 = 0; z<d; ++z, ++zd) {
+                const Tfloat val0 = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z,c), val1 = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,zd,c);
+                res(x,y,z2++,c) = (val0 - val1)/sqrt2;
+                res(x,y,z2++,c) = (val0 + val1)/sqrt2;
+              }
+            } else cimg_forXYC(*this,x,y,c) {
+              for (unsigned int z = 0, zd = d, z2 = 0; z<d; ++z, ++zd) { // Direct transform along Z
+                const Tfloat val0 = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z2++,c), val1 = (Tfloat)(*this)(x,y,z2++,c);
+                res(x,y,z,c)  = (val0 + val1)/sqrt2;
+                res(x,y,zd,c) = (val1 - val0)/sqrt2;
+              }
+            }
+          } else return *this;
+        } break;
+        default :
+          throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                      "haar(): Invalid specified axis '%c' "
+                                      "(should be { x | y | z }).",
+                                      cimg_instance,
+                                      axis);
+        }
+      } else { // Multi-scale version
+        if (invert) {
+          res.assign(*this);
+          switch (cimg::uncase(axis)) {
+          case 'x' : {
+            unsigned int w = _width;
+            for (unsigned int s = 1; w && s<nb_scales; ++s) w/=2;
+            for (w = w?w:1; w<=_width; w*=2) res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,w-1).get_haar('x',true,1));
+          } break;
+          case 'y' : {
+            unsigned int h = _width;
+            for (unsigned int s = 1; h && s<nb_scales; ++s) h/=2;
+            for (h = h?h:1; h<=_height; h*=2) res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,_width-1,h-1).get_haar('y',true,1));
+          } break;
+          case 'z' : {
+            unsigned int d = _depth;
+            for (unsigned int s = 1; d && s<nb_scales; ++s) d/=2;
+            for (d = d?d:1; d<=_depth; d*=2)
+              res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,_width-1,_height-1,d-1).get_haar('z',true,1));
+          } break;
+          default :
+            throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                        "haar(): Invalid specified axis '%c' "
+                                        "(should be { x | y | z }).",
+                                        cimg_instance,
+                                        axis);
+          }
+        } else { // Direct transform
+          res = get_haar(axis,false,1);
+          switch (cimg::uncase(axis)) {
+          case 'x' : {
+            for (unsigned int s = 1, w = _width/2; w && s<nb_scales; ++s, w/=2)
+              res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,w-1).get_haar('x',false,1));
+          } break;
+          case 'y' : {
+            for (unsigned int s = 1, h = _height/2; h && s<nb_scales; ++s, h/=2)
+              res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,_width-1,h-1).get_haar('y',false,1));
+          } break;
+          case 'z' : {
+            for (unsigned int s = 1, d = _depth/2; d && s<nb_scales; ++s, d/=2)
+              res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,_width-1,_height-1,d-1).get_haar('z',false,1));
+          } break;
+          default :
+            throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                        "haar(): Invalid specified axis '%c' "
+                                        "(should be { x | y | z }).",
+                                        cimg_instance,
+                                        axis);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute Haar multiscale wavelet transform \overloading.
+    /**
+       \param invert Set inverse of direct transform.
+       \param nb_scales Number of scales used for the transform.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& haar(const bool invert=false, const unsigned int nb_scales=1) {
+      return get_haar(invert,nb_scales).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute Haar multiscale wavelet transform \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_haar(const bool invert=false, const unsigned int nb_scales=1) const {
+      CImg<Tfloat> res;
+      if (nb_scales==1) { // Single scale transform
+        if (_width>1) get_haar('x',invert,1).move_to(res);
+        if (_height>1) { if (res) res.haar('y',invert,1); else get_haar('y',invert,1).move_to(res); }
+        if (_depth>1) { if (res) res.haar('z',invert,1); else get_haar('z',invert,1).move_to(res); }
+        if (res) return res;
+      } else { // Multi-scale transform
+        if (invert) { // Inverse transform
+          res.assign(*this);
+          if (_width>1) {
+            if (_height>1) {
+              if (_depth>1) {
+                unsigned int w = _width, h = _height, d = _depth;
+                for (unsigned int s = 1; w && h && d && s<nb_scales; ++s) { w/=2; h/=2; d/=2; }
+                for (w = w?w:1, h = h?h:1, d = d?d:1; w<=_width && h<=_height && d<=_depth; w*=2, h*=2, d*=2)
+                  res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,w-1,h-1,d-1).get_haar(true,1));
+              } else {
+                unsigned int w = _width, h = _height;
+                for (unsigned int s = 1; w && h && s<nb_scales; ++s) { w/=2; h/=2; }
+                for (w = w?w:1, h = h?h:1; w<=_width && h<=_height; w*=2, h*=2)
+                  res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,w-1,h-1,0).get_haar(true,1));
+              }
+            } else {
+              if (_depth>1) {
+                unsigned int w = _width, d = _depth;
+                for (unsigned int s = 1; w && d && s<nb_scales; ++s) { w/=2; d/=2; }
+                for (w = w?w:1, d = d?d:1; w<=_width && d<=_depth; w*=2, d*=2)
+                  res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,w-1,0,d-1).get_haar(true,1));
+              } else {
+                unsigned int w = _width;
+                for (unsigned int s = 1; w && s<nb_scales; ++s) w/=2;
+                for (w = w?w:1; w<=_width; w*=2)
+                  res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,w-1,0,0).get_haar(true,1));
+              }
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (_height>1) {
+              if (_depth>1) {
+                unsigned int h = _height, d = _depth;
+                for (unsigned int s = 1; h && d && s<nb_scales; ++s) { h/=2; d/=2; }
+                for (h = h?h:1, d = d?d:1; h<=_height && d<=_depth; h*=2, d*=2)
+                  res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,0,h-1,d-1).get_haar(true,1));
+              } else {
+                unsigned int h = _height;
+                for (unsigned int s = 1; h && s<nb_scales; ++s) h/=2;
+                for (h = h?h:1; h<=_height; h*=2)
+                  res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,0,h-1,0).get_haar(true,1));
+              }
+            } else {
+              if (_depth>1) {
+                unsigned int d = _depth;
+                for (unsigned int s = 1; d && s<nb_scales; ++s) d/=2;
+                for (d = d?d:1; d<=_depth; d*=2)
+                  res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,0,0,d-1).get_haar(true,1));
+              } else return *this;
+            }
+          }
+        } else { // Direct transform
+          res = get_haar(false,1);
+          if (_width>1) {
+            if (_height>1) {
+              if (_depth>1)
+                for (unsigned int s = 1, w = _width/2, h = _height/2, d = _depth/2; w && h && d && s<nb_scales;
+                     ++s, w/=2, h/=2, d/=2)
+                  res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,w-1,h-1,d-1).haar(false,1));
+              else for (unsigned int s = 1, w = _width/2, h = _height/2; w && h && s<nb_scales; ++s, w/=2, h/=2)
+                     res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,w-1,h-1,0).haar(false,1));
+            } else {
+              if (_depth>1) for (unsigned int s = 1, w = _width/2, d = _depth/2; w && d && s<nb_scales; ++s, w/=2, d/=2)
+                              res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,w-1,0,d-1).haar(false,1));
+              else for (unsigned int s = 1, w = _width/2; w && s<nb_scales; ++s, w/=2)
+                     res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,w-1,0,0).haar(false,1));
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (_height>1) {
+              if (_depth>1)
+                for (unsigned int s = 1, h = _height/2, d = _depth/2; h && d && s<nb_scales; ++s, h/=2, d/=2)
+                  res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,0,h-1,d-1).haar(false,1));
+              else for (unsigned int s = 1, h = _height/2; h && s<nb_scales; ++s, h/=2)
+                     res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,0,h-1,0).haar(false,1));
+            } else {
+              if (_depth>1) for (unsigned int s = 1, d = _depth/2; d && s<nb_scales; ++s, d/=2)
+                              res.draw_image(res.get_crop(0,0,0,0,0,d-1).haar(false,1));
+              else return *this;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        return res;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute 1d Fast Fourier Transform, along a specified axis.
+    /**
+       \param axis Axis along which the FFT is computed.
+       \param is_invert Tells if the forward (\c false) or inverse (\c true) FFT is computed.
+    **/
+    CImgList<Tfloat> get_FFT(const char axis, const bool is_invert=false) const {
+      CImgList<Tfloat> res(*this,CImg<Tfloat>());
+      CImg<Tfloat>::FFT(res[0],res[1],axis,is_invert);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute n-d Fast Fourier Transform.
+    /*
+      \param is_invert Tells if the forward (\c false) or inverse (\c true) FFT is computed.
+    **/
+    CImgList<Tfloat> get_FFT(const bool is_invert=false) const {
+      CImgList<Tfloat> res(*this,CImg<Tfloat>());
+      CImg<Tfloat>::FFT(res[0],res[1],is_invert);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute 1d Fast Fourier Transform, along a specified axis.
+    /**
+       \param[in,out] real Real part of the pixel values.
+       \param[in,out] imag Imaginary part of the pixel values.
+       \param axis Axis along which the FFT is computed.
+       \param is_invert Tells if the forward (\c false) or inverse (\c true) FFT is computed.
+    **/
+    static void FFT(CImg<T>& real, CImg<T>& imag, const char axis, const bool is_invert=false) {
+      if (!real)
+        throw CImgInstanceException("CImg<%s>::FFT(): Specified real part is empty.",
+                                    pixel_type());
+
+      if (!imag) imag.assign(real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum,0);
+      if (!real.is_sameXYZC(imag))
+        throw CImgInstanceException("CImg<%s>::FFT(): Specified real part (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) and "
+                                    "imaginary part (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have different dimensions.",
+                                    pixel_type(),
+                                    real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum,real._data,
+                                    imag._width,imag._height,imag._depth,imag._spectrum,imag._data);
+#ifdef cimg_use_fftw3
+      cimg::mutex(12);
+      fftw_complex *data_in;
+      fftw_plan data_plan;
+
+      switch (cimg::uncase(axis)) {
+      case 'x' : { // Fourier along X, using FFTW library.
+        data_in = (fftw_complex*)fftw_malloc(sizeof(fftw_complex)*real._width);
+        if (!data_in) throw CImgInstanceException("CImgList<%s>::FFT(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) "
+                                                  "for computing FFT of image (%u,%u,%u,%u) along the X-axis.",
+                                                  pixel_type(),
+                                                  cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(fftw_complex)*real._width),
+                                                  real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum);
+
+        data_plan = fftw_plan_dft_1d(real._width,data_in,data_in,is_invert?FFTW_BACKWARD:FFTW_FORWARD,FFTW_ESTIMATE);
+        cimg_forYZC(real,y,z,c) {
+          T *ptrr = real.data(0,y,z,c), *ptri = imag.data(0,y,z,c);
+          double *ptrd = (double*)data_in;
+          cimg_forX(real,x) { *(ptrd++) = (double)*(ptrr++); *(ptrd++) = (double)*(ptri++); }
+          fftw_execute(data_plan);
+          const unsigned int fact = real._width;
+          if (is_invert) cimg_forX(real,x) { *(--ptri) = (T)(*(--ptrd)/fact); *(--ptrr) = (T)(*(--ptrd)/fact); }
+          else cimg_forX(real,x) { *(--ptri) = (T)*(--ptrd); *(--ptrr) = (T)*(--ptrd); }
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 'y' : { // Fourier along Y, using FFTW library.
+        data_in = (fftw_complex*)fftw_malloc(sizeof(fftw_complex) * real._height);
+        if (!data_in) throw CImgInstanceException("CImgList<%s>::FFT(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) "
+                                                  "for computing FFT of image (%u,%u,%u,%u) along the Y-axis.",
+                                                  pixel_type(),
+                                                  cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(fftw_complex)*real._height),
+                                                  real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum);
+
+        data_plan = fftw_plan_dft_1d(real._height,data_in,data_in,is_invert?FFTW_BACKWARD:FFTW_FORWARD,FFTW_ESTIMATE);
+        const unsigned int off = real._width;
+        cimg_forXZC(real,x,z,c) {
+          T *ptrr = real.data(x,0,z,c), *ptri = imag.data(x,0,z,c);
+          double *ptrd = (double*)data_in;
+          cimg_forY(real,y) { *(ptrd++) = (double)*ptrr; *(ptrd++) = (double)*ptri; ptrr+=off; ptri+=off; }
+          fftw_execute(data_plan);
+          const unsigned int fact = real._height;
+          if (is_invert)
+            cimg_forY(real,y) { ptrr-=off; ptri-=off; *ptri = (T)(*(--ptrd)/fact); *ptrr = (T)(*(--ptrd)/fact); }
+          else cimg_forY(real,y) { ptrr-=off; ptri-=off; *ptri = (T)*(--ptrd); *ptrr = (T)*(--ptrd); }
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 'z' : { // Fourier along Z, using FFTW library.
+        data_in = (fftw_complex*)fftw_malloc(sizeof(fftw_complex) * real._depth);
+        if (!data_in) throw CImgInstanceException("CImgList<%s>::FFT(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) "
+                                                  "for computing FFT of image (%u,%u,%u,%u) along the Z-axis.",
+                                                  pixel_type(),
+                                                  cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(fftw_complex)*real._depth),
+                                                  real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum);
+
+        data_plan = fftw_plan_dft_1d(real._depth,data_in,data_in,is_invert?FFTW_BACKWARD:FFTW_FORWARD,FFTW_ESTIMATE);
+        const unsigned long off = (unsigned long)real._width*real._height;
+        cimg_forXYC(real,x,y,c) {
+          T *ptrr = real.data(x,y,0,c), *ptri = imag.data(x,y,0,c);
+          double *ptrd = (double*)data_in;
+          cimg_forZ(real,z) { *(ptrd++) = (double)*ptrr; *(ptrd++) = (double)*ptri; ptrr+=off; ptri+=off; }
+          fftw_execute(data_plan);
+          const unsigned int fact = real._depth;
+          if (is_invert)
+            cimg_forZ(real,z) { ptrr-=off; ptri-=off; *ptri = (T)(*(--ptrd)/fact); *ptrr = (T)(*(--ptrd)/fact); }
+          else cimg_forZ(real,z) { ptrr-=off; ptri-=off; *ptri = (T)*(--ptrd); *ptrr = (T)*(--ptrd); }
+        }
+      } break;
+      default : { // Fourier along C, using FFTW library.
+        data_in = (fftw_complex*)fftw_malloc(sizeof(fftw_complex) * real._spectrum);
+        if (!data_in) throw CImgInstanceException("CImgList<%s>::FFT(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) "
+                                                  "for computing FFT of image (%u,%u,%u,%u) along the C-axis.",
+                                                  pixel_type(),
+                                                  cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(fftw_complex)*real._spectrum),
+                                                  real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum);
+
+        data_plan = fftw_plan_dft_1d(real._spectrum,data_in,data_in,is_invert?FFTW_BACKWARD:FFTW_FORWARD,FFTW_ESTIMATE);
+        const unsigned long off = (unsigned long)real._width*real._height*real._depth;
+        cimg_forXYZ(real,x,y,z) {
+          T *ptrr = real.data(x,y,z,0), *ptri = imag.data(x,y,z,0);
+          double *ptrd = (double*)data_in;
+          cimg_forC(real,c) { *(ptrd++) = (double)*ptrr; *(ptrd++) = (double)*ptri; ptrr+=off; ptri+=off; }
+          fftw_execute(data_plan);
+          const unsigned int fact = real._spectrum;
+          if (is_invert)
+            cimg_forC(real,c) { ptrr-=off; ptri-=off; *ptri = (T)(*(--ptrd)/fact); *ptrr = (T)(*(--ptrd)/fact); }
+          else cimg_forC(real,c) { ptrr-=off; ptri-=off; *ptri = (T)*(--ptrd); *ptrr = (T)*(--ptrd); }
+        }
+      }
+      }
+      fftw_destroy_plan(data_plan);
+      fftw_free(data_in);
+      cimg::mutex(12,0);
+#else
+      switch (cimg::uncase(axis)) {
+      case 'x' : { // Fourier along X, using built-in functions.
+        const unsigned int N = real._width, N2 = (N>>1);
+        if (((N-1)&N) && N!=1)
+          throw CImgInstanceException("CImgList<%s>::FFT(): Specified real and imaginary parts (%u,%u,%u,%u) "
+                                      "have non 2^N dimension along the X-axis.",
+                                      pixel_type(),
+                                      real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum);
+
+        for (unsigned int i = 0, j = 0; i<N2; ++i) {
+          if (j>i) cimg_forYZC(real,y,z,c) {
+            cimg::swap(real(i,y,z,c),real(j,y,z,c)); cimg::swap(imag(i,y,z,c),imag(j,y,z,c));
+            if (j<N2) {
+              const unsigned int ri = N-1-i, rj = N-1-j;
+              cimg::swap(real(ri,y,z,c),real(rj,y,z,c)); cimg::swap(imag(ri,y,z,c),imag(rj,y,z,c));
+            }
+          }
+          for (unsigned int m = N, n = N2; (j+=n)>=m; j-=m, m = n, n>>=1) {}
+        }
+        for (unsigned int delta = 2; delta<=N; delta<<=1) {
+          const unsigned int delta2 = (delta>>1);
+          for (unsigned int i = 0; i<N; i+=delta) {
+            float wr = 1, wi = 0;
+            const float angle = (float)((is_invert?+1:-1)*2*cimg::PI/delta),
+                        ca = (float)std::cos(angle),
+                        sa = (float)std::sin(angle);
+            for (unsigned int k = 0; k<delta2; ++k) {
+              const unsigned int j = i + k, nj = j + delta2;
+              cimg_forYZC(real,y,z,c) {
+                T &ir = real(j,y,z,c), &ii = imag(j,y,z,c), &nir = real(nj,y,z,c), &nii = imag(nj,y,z,c);
+                const float tmpr = (float)(wr*nir - wi*nii), tmpi = (float)(wr*nii + wi*nir);
+                nir = (T)(ir - tmpr);
+                nii = (T)(ii - tmpi);
+                ir+=(T)tmpr;
+                ii+=(T)tmpi;
+              }
+              const float nwr = wr*ca-wi*sa;
+              wi = wi*ca + wr*sa;
+              wr = nwr;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        if (is_invert) { real/=N; imag/=N; }
+      } break;
+      case 'y' : { // Fourier along Y, using built-in functions.
+        const unsigned int N = real._height, N2 = (N>>1);
+        if (((N-1)&N) && N!=1)
+          throw CImgInstanceException("CImgList<%s>::FFT(): Specified real and imaginary parts (%u,%u,%u,%u) "
+                                      "have non 2^N dimension along the Y-axis.",
+                                      pixel_type(),
+                                      real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum);
+
+        for (unsigned int i = 0, j = 0; i<N2; ++i) {
+          if (j>i) cimg_forXZC(real,x,z,c) {
+            cimg::swap(real(x,i,z,c),real(x,j,z,c)); cimg::swap(imag(x,i,z,c),imag(x,j,z,c));
+            if (j<N2) {
+              const unsigned int ri = N - 1 - i, rj = N - 1 - j;
+              cimg::swap(real(x,ri,z,c),real(x,rj,z,c)); cimg::swap(imag(x,ri,z,c),imag(x,rj,z,c));
+            }
+          }
+          for (unsigned int m = N, n = N2; (j+=n)>=m; j-=m, m = n, n>>=1) {}
+        }
+        for (unsigned int delta = 2; delta<=N; delta<<=1) {
+          const unsigned int delta2 = (delta>>1);
+          for (unsigned int i = 0; i<N; i+=delta) {
+            float wr = 1, wi = 0;
+            const float angle = (float)((is_invert?+1:-1)*2*cimg::PI/delta),
+                        ca = (float)std::cos(angle), sa = (float)std::sin(angle);
+            for (unsigned int k = 0; k<delta2; ++k) {
+              const unsigned int j = i + k, nj = j + delta2;
+              cimg_forXZC(real,x,z,c) {
+                T &ir = real(x,j,z,c), &ii = imag(x,j,z,c), &nir = real(x,nj,z,c), &nii = imag(x,nj,z,c);
+                const float tmpr = (float)(wr*nir - wi*nii), tmpi = (float)(wr*nii + wi*nir);
+                nir = (T)(ir - tmpr);
+                nii = (T)(ii - tmpi);
+                ir+=(T)tmpr;
+                ii+=(T)tmpi;
+              }
+              const float nwr = wr*ca-wi*sa;
+              wi = wi*ca + wr*sa;
+              wr = nwr;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        if (is_invert) { real/=N; imag/=N; }
+      } break;
+      case 'z' : { // Fourier along Z, using built-in functions.
+        const unsigned int N = real._depth, N2 = (N>>1);
+        if (((N-1)&N) && N!=1)
+          throw CImgInstanceException("CImgList<%s>::FFT(): Specified real and imaginary parts (%u,%u,%u,%u) "
+                                      "have non 2^N dimension along the Z-axis.",
+                                      pixel_type(),
+                                      real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum);
+
+        for (unsigned int i = 0, j = 0; i<N2; ++i) {
+          if (j>i) cimg_forXYC(real,x,y,c) {
+            cimg::swap(real(x,y,i,c),real(x,y,j,c)); cimg::swap(imag(x,y,i,c),imag(x,y,j,c));
+            if (j<N2) {
+              const unsigned int ri = N - 1 - i, rj = N - 1 - j;
+              cimg::swap(real(x,y,ri,c),real(x,y,rj,c)); cimg::swap(imag(x,y,ri,c),imag(x,y,rj,c));
+            }
+          }
+          for (unsigned int m = N, n = N2; (j+=n)>=m; j-=m, m = n, n>>=1) {}
+        }
+        for (unsigned int delta = 2; delta<=N; delta<<=1) {
+          const unsigned int delta2 = (delta>>1);
+          for (unsigned int i = 0; i<N; i+=delta) {
+            float wr = 1, wi = 0;
+            const float angle = (float)((is_invert?+1:-1)*2*cimg::PI/delta),
+                        ca = (float)std::cos(angle), sa = (float)std::sin(angle);
+            for (unsigned int k = 0; k<delta2; ++k) {
+              const unsigned int j = i + k, nj = j + delta2;
+              cimg_forXYC(real,x,y,c) {
+                T &ir = real(x,y,j,c), &ii = imag(x,y,j,c), &nir = real(x,y,nj,c), &nii = imag(x,y,nj,c);
+                const float tmpr = (float)(wr*nir - wi*nii), tmpi = (float)(wr*nii + wi*nir);
+                nir = (T)(ir - tmpr);
+                nii = (T)(ii - tmpi);
+                ir+=(T)tmpr;
+                ii+=(T)tmpi;
+              }
+              const float nwr = wr*ca-wi*sa;
+              wi = wi*ca + wr*sa;
+              wr = nwr;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        if (is_invert) { real/=N; imag/=N; }
+      } break;
+      default :
+        throw CImgArgumentException("CImgList<%s>::FFT(): Invalid specified axis '%c' for real and imaginary parts "
+                                    "(%u,%u,%u,%u) "
+                                    "(should be { x | y | z }).",
+                                    pixel_type(),axis,
+                                    real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum);
+      }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    //! Compute n-d Fast Fourier Transform.
+    /**
+       \param[in,out] real Real part of the pixel values.
+       \param[in,out] imag Imaginary part of the pixel values.
+       \param is_invert Tells if the forward (\c false) or inverse (\c true) FFT is computed.
+       \param nb_threads Number of parallel threads used for the computation.
+         Use \c 0 to set this to the number of available cpus.
+    **/
+    static void FFT(CImg<T>& real, CImg<T>& imag, const bool is_invert=false, const unsigned int nb_threads=0) {
+      if (!real)
+        throw CImgInstanceException("CImgList<%s>::FFT(): Empty specified real part.",
+                                    pixel_type());
+
+      if (!imag) imag.assign(real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum,0);
+      if (!real.is_sameXYZC(imag))
+        throw CImgInstanceException("CImgList<%s>::FFT(): Specified real part (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) and "
+                                    "imaginary part (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have different dimensions.",
+                                    pixel_type(),
+                                    real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum,real._data,
+                                    imag._width,imag._height,imag._depth,imag._spectrum,imag._data);
+
+#ifdef cimg_use_fftw3
+      cimg::mutex(12);
+#ifndef cimg_use_fftw3_singlethread
+      const unsigned int _nb_threads = nb_threads?nb_threads:cimg::nb_cpus();
+      static int fftw_st = fftw_init_threads();
+      cimg::unused(fftw_st);
+      fftw_plan_with_nthreads(_nb_threads);
+#else
+      cimg::unused(nb_threads);
+#endif
+      fftw_complex *data_in = (fftw_complex*)fftw_malloc(sizeof(fftw_complex)*real._width*real._height*real._depth);
+      if (!data_in) throw CImgInstanceException("CImgList<%s>::FFT(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) "
+                                                "for computing FFT of image (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
+                                                pixel_type(),
+                                                cimg::strbuffersize(sizeof(fftw_complex)*real._width*
+                                                                    real._height*real._depth*real._spectrum),
+                                                real._width,real._height,real._depth,real._spectrum);
+
+      fftw_plan data_plan;
+      const unsigned long w = (unsigned long)real._width, wh = w*real._height, whd = wh*real._depth;
+      data_plan = fftw_plan_dft_3d(real._width,real._height,real._depth,data_in,data_in,
+                                   is_invert?FFTW_BACKWARD:FFTW_FORWARD,FFTW_ESTIMATE);
+      cimg_forC(real,c) {
+        T *ptrr = real.data(0,0,0,c), *ptri = imag.data(0,0,0,c);
+        double *ptrd = (double*)data_in;
+        for (unsigned int x = 0; x<real._width; ++x, ptrr-=wh-1, ptri-=wh-1)
+          for (unsigned int y = 0; y<real._height; ++y, ptrr-=whd-w, ptri-=whd-w)
+            for (unsigned int z = 0; z<real._depth; ++z, ptrr+=wh, ptri+=wh) {
+              *(ptrd++) = (double)*ptrr; *(ptrd++) = (double)*ptri;
+            }
+        fftw_execute(data_plan);
+        ptrd = (double*)data_in;
+        ptrr = real.data(0,0,0,c);
+        ptri = imag.data(0,0,0,c);
+        if (!is_invert) for (unsigned int x = 0; x<real._width; ++x, ptrr-=wh-1, ptri-=wh-1)
+          for (unsigned int y = 0; y<real._height; ++y, ptrr-=whd-w, ptri-=whd-w)
+            for (unsigned int z = 0; z<real._depth; ++z, ptrr+=wh, ptri+=wh) {
+              *ptrr = (T)*(ptrd++); *ptri = (T)*(ptrd++);
+            }
+        else for (unsigned int x = 0; x<real._width; ++x, ptrr-=wh-1, ptri-=wh-1)
+          for (unsigned int y = 0; y<real._height; ++y, ptrr-=whd-w, ptri-=whd-w)
+            for (unsigned int z = 0; z<real._depth; ++z, ptrr+=wh, ptri+=wh) {
+              *ptrr = (T)(*(ptrd++)/whd); *ptri = (T)(*(ptrd++)/whd);
+            }
+      }
+      fftw_destroy_plan(data_plan);
+      fftw_free(data_in);
+#ifndef cimg_use_fftw3_singlethread
+      fftw_cleanup_threads();
+#endif
+      cimg::mutex(12,0);
+#else
+      cimg::unused(nb_threads);
+      if (real._depth>1) FFT(real,imag,'z',is_invert);
+      if (real._height>1) FFT(real,imag,'y',is_invert);
+      if (real._width>1) FFT(real,imag,'x',is_invert);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //-------------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name 3d Objects Management
+    //@{
+    //-------------------------------------
+
+    //! Shift 3d object's vertices.
+    /**
+       \param tx X-coordinate of the 3d displacement vector.
+       \param ty Y-coordinate of the 3d displacement vector.
+       \param tz Z-coordinate of the 3d displacement vector.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& shift_object3d(const float tx, const float ty=0, const float tz=0) {
+      if (_height!=3 || _depth>1 || _spectrum>1)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "shift_object3d(): Instance is not a set of 3d vertices.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      get_shared_row(0)+=tx; get_shared_row(1)+=ty; get_shared_row(2)+=tz;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Shift 3d object's vertices \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_shift_object3d(const float tx, const float ty=0, const float tz=0) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).shift_object3d(tx,ty,tz);
+    }
+
+    //! Shift 3d object's vertices, so that it becomes centered.
+    /**
+       \note The object center is computed as its barycenter.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& shift_object3d() {
+      if (_height!=3 || _depth>1 || _spectrum>1)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "shift_object3d(): Instance is not a set of 3d vertices.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      CImg<T> xcoords = get_shared_row(0), ycoords = get_shared_row(1), zcoords = get_shared_row(2);
+      float
+        xm, xM = (float)xcoords.max_min(xm),
+        ym, yM = (float)ycoords.max_min(ym),
+        zm, zM = (float)zcoords.max_min(zm);
+      xcoords-=(xm + xM)/2; ycoords-=(ym + yM)/2; zcoords-=(zm + zM)/2;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Shift 3d object's vertices, so that it becomes centered \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_shift_object3d() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).shift_object3d();
+    }
+
+    //! Resize 3d object.
+    /**
+       \param sx Width of the 3d object's bounding box.
+       \param sy Height of the 3d object's bounding box.
+       \param sz Depth of the 3d object's bounding box.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& resize_object3d(const float sx, const float sy=-100, const float sz=-100) {
+      if (_height!=3 || _depth>1 || _spectrum>1)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "resize_object3d(): Instance is not a set of 3d vertices.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      CImg<T> xcoords = get_shared_row(0), ycoords = get_shared_row(1), zcoords = get_shared_row(2);
+      float
+        xm, xM = (float)xcoords.max_min(xm),
+        ym, yM = (float)ycoords.max_min(ym),
+        zm, zM = (float)zcoords.max_min(zm);
+      if (xm<xM) { if (sx>0) xcoords*=sx/(xM-xm); else xcoords*=-sx/100; }
+      if (ym<yM) { if (sy>0) ycoords*=sy/(yM-ym); else ycoords*=-sy/100; }
+      if (zm<zM) { if (sz>0) zcoords*=sz/(zM-zm); else zcoords*=-sz/100; }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Resize 3d object \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_resize_object3d(const float sx, const float sy=-100, const float sz=-100) const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).resize_object3d(sx,sy,sz);
+    }
+
+    //! Resize 3d object to unit size.
+    CImg<T> resize_object3d() {
+      if (_height!=3 || _depth>1 || _spectrum>1)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "resize_object3d(): Instance is not a set of 3d vertices.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      CImg<T> xcoords = get_shared_row(0), ycoords = get_shared_row(1), zcoords = get_shared_row(2);
+      float
+        xm, xM = (float)xcoords.max_min(xm),
+        ym, yM = (float)ycoords.max_min(ym),
+        zm, zM = (float)zcoords.max_min(zm);
+      const float dx = xM - xm, dy = yM - ym, dz = zM - zm, dmax = cimg::max(dx,dy,dz);
+      if (dmax>0) { xcoords/=dmax; ycoords/=dmax; zcoords/=dmax; }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Resize 3d object to unit size \newinstance.
+    CImg<Tfloat> get_resize_object3d() const {
+      return CImg<Tfloat>(*this,false).resize_object3d();
+    }
+
+    //! Merge two 3d objects together.
+    /**
+       \param[in,out] primitives Primitives data of the current 3d object.
+       \param obj_vertices Vertices data of the additional 3d object.
+       \param obj_primitives Primitives data of the additional 3d object.
+    **/
+    template<typename tf, typename tp, typename tff>
+    CImg<T>& append_object3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives, const CImg<tp>& obj_vertices,
+                             const CImgList<tff>& obj_primitives) {
+      if (!obj_vertices || !obj_primitives) return *this;
+      if (obj_vertices._height!=3 || obj_vertices._depth>1 || obj_vertices._spectrum>1)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "append_object3d(): Specified vertice image (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) is not a "
+                                    "set of 3d vertices.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    obj_vertices._width,obj_vertices._height,
+                                    obj_vertices._depth,obj_vertices._spectrum,obj_vertices._data);
+
+      if (is_empty()) { primitives.assign(obj_primitives); return assign(obj_vertices); }
+      if (_height!=3 || _depth>1 || _spectrum>1)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "append_object3d(): Instance is not a set of 3d vertices.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      const unsigned int P = _width;
+      append(obj_vertices,'x');
+      const unsigned int N = primitives._width;
+      primitives.insert(obj_primitives);
+      for (unsigned int i = N; i<primitives._width; ++i) {
+        CImg<tf> &p = primitives[i];
+        switch (p.size()) {
+        case 1 : p[0]+=P; break; // Point.
+        case 5 : p[0]+=P; p[1]+=P; break; // Sphere.
+        case 2 : case 6 : p[0]+=P; p[1]+=P; break; // Segment.
+        case 3 : case 9 : p[0]+=P; p[1]+=P; p[2]+=P; break; // Triangle.
+        case 4 : case 12 : p[0]+=P; p[1]+=P; p[2]+=P; p[3]+=P; break; // Rectangle.
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Texturize primitives of a 3d object.
+    /**
+       \param[in,out] primitives Primitives data of the 3d object.
+       \param[in,out] colors Colors data of the 3d object.
+       \param texture Texture image to map to 3d object.
+       \param coords Texture-mapping coordinates.
+    **/
+    template<typename tp, typename tc, typename tt, typename tx>
+    const CImg<T>& texturize_object3d(CImgList<tp>& primitives, CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                                      const CImg<tt>& texture, const CImg<tx>& coords=CImg<tx>::empty()) const {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (_height!=3)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "texturize_object3d(): image instance is not a set of 3d points.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (coords && (coords._width!=_width || coords._height!=2))
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "texturize_object3d(): Invalid specified texture coordinates (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    coords._width,coords._height,coords._depth,coords._spectrum,coords._data);
+      CImg<unsigned int> _coords;
+      if (!coords) { // If no texture coordinates specified, do a default XY-projection.
+        _coords.assign(_width,2);
+        float
+          xmin, xmax = (float)get_shared_row(0).max_min(xmin),
+          ymin, ymax = (float)get_shared_row(1).max_min(ymin),
+          dx = xmax>xmin?xmax-xmin:1,
+          dy = ymax>ymin?ymax-ymin:1;
+        cimg_forX(*this,p) {
+          _coords(p,0) = (unsigned int)(((*this)(p,0)-xmin)*(texture._width-1)/dx);
+          _coords(p,1) = (unsigned int)(((*this)(p,1)-ymin)*(texture._height-1)/dy);
+        }
+      } else _coords = coords;
+
+      int texture_ind = -1;
+      cimglist_for(primitives,l) {
+        CImg<tp> &p = primitives[l];
+        const unsigned int siz = p.size();
+        switch (siz) {
+        case 1 : { // Point.
+          const unsigned int
+            i0 = (unsigned int)p[0],
+            x0 = (unsigned int)_coords(i0,0), y0 = (unsigned int)_coords(i0,1);
+          texture.get_vector_at(x0,y0).move_to(colors[l]);
+        } break;
+        case 2 : case 6 : { // Line.
+          const unsigned int
+            i0 = (unsigned int)p[0], i1 = (unsigned int)p[1],
+            x0 = (unsigned int)_coords(i0,0), y0 = (unsigned int)_coords(i0,1),
+            x1 = (unsigned int)_coords(i1,0), y1 = (unsigned int)_coords(i1,1);
+          if (texture_ind<0) colors[texture_ind=l] = texture; else colors[l].assign(colors[texture_ind],true);
+          CImg<tp>::vector(i0,i1,x0,y0,x1,y1).move_to(p);
+        } break;
+        case 3 : case 9 : { // Triangle.
+          const unsigned int
+            i0 = (unsigned int)p[0], i1 = (unsigned int)p[1], i2 = (unsigned int)p[2],
+            x0 = (unsigned int)_coords(i0,0), y0 = (unsigned int)_coords(i0,1),
+            x1 = (unsigned int)_coords(i1,0), y1 = (unsigned int)_coords(i1,1),
+            x2 = (unsigned int)_coords(i2,0), y2 = (unsigned int)_coords(i2,1);
+          if (texture_ind<0) colors[texture_ind=l] = texture; else colors[l].assign(colors[texture_ind],true);
+          CImg<tp>::vector(i0,i1,i2,x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2).move_to(p);
+        } break;
+        case 4 : case 12 : { // Quadrangle.
+          const unsigned int
+            i0 = (unsigned int)p[0], i1 = (unsigned int)p[1], i2 = (unsigned int)p[2], i3 = (unsigned int)p[3],
+            x0 = (unsigned int)_coords(i0,0), y0 = (unsigned int)_coords(i0,1),
+            x1 = (unsigned int)_coords(i1,0), y1 = (unsigned int)_coords(i1,1),
+            x2 = (unsigned int)_coords(i2,0), y2 = (unsigned int)_coords(i2,1),
+            x3 = (unsigned int)_coords(i3,0), y3 = (unsigned int)_coords(i3,1);
+          if (texture_ind<0) colors[texture_ind=l] = texture; else colors[l].assign(colors[texture_ind],true);
+          CImg<tp>::vector(i0,i1,i2,i3,x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3).move_to(p);
+        } break;
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Generate a 3d elevation of the image instance.
+    /**
+       \param[out] primitives The returned list of the 3d object primitives
+                              (template type \e tf should be at least \e unsigned \e int).
+       \param[out] colors The returned list of the 3d object colors.
+       \param elevation The input elevation map.
+       \return The N vertices (xi,yi,zi) of the 3d object as a Nx3 CImg<float> image (0<=i<=N-1).
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg");
+       CImgList<unsigned int> faces3d;
+       CImgList<unsigned char> colors3d;
+       const CImg<float> points3d = img.get_elevation3d(faces3d,colors3d,img.get_norm()*0.2);
+       CImg<unsigned char>().display_object3d("Elevation3d",points3d,faces3d,colors3d);
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_elevation3d.jpg
+    **/
+    template<typename tf, typename tc, typename te>
+    CImg<floatT> get_elevation3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives, CImgList<tc>& colors, const CImg<te>& elevation) const {
+      if (!is_sameXY(elevation) || elevation._depth>1 || elevation._spectrum>1)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "get_elevation3d(): Instance and specified elevation (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) "
+                                    "have incompatible dimensions.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    elevation._width,elevation._height,elevation._depth,
+                                    elevation._spectrum,elevation._data);
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      float m, M = (float)max_min(m);
+      if (M==m) ++M;
+      colors.assign();
+      const unsigned int size_x1 = _width - 1, size_y1 = _height - 1;
+      for (unsigned int y = 0; y<size_y1; ++y)
+        for (unsigned int x = 0; x<size_x1; ++x) {
+          const unsigned char
+            r = (unsigned char)(((*this)(x,y,0) - m)*255/(M-m)),
+            g = _spectrum>1?(unsigned char)(((*this)(x,y,1) - m)*255/(M-m)):r,
+            b = _spectrum>2?(unsigned char)(((*this)(x,y,2) - m)*255/(M-m)):(_spectrum>1?0:r);
+          CImg<tc>::vector((tc)r,(tc)g,(tc)b).move_to(colors);
+        }
+      const typename CImg<te>::_functor2d_int func(elevation);
+      return elevation3d(primitives,func,0,0,_width-1.0f,_height-1.0f,_width,_height);
+    }
+
+    //! Generate the 3d projection planes of the image instance.
+    /**
+       \param[out] primitives Primitives data of the returned 3d object.
+       \param[out] colors Colors data of the returned 3d object.
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the projection point.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the projection point.
+       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the projection point.
+       \param normalize_colors Tells if the created textures have normalized colors.
+    **/
+    template<typename tf, typename tc>
+    CImg<floatT> get_projections3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives, CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                                   const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0, const unsigned int z0,
+                                   const bool normalize_colors=false) const {
+      float m = 0, M = 0, delta = 1;
+      if (normalize_colors) { m = (float)min_max(M); delta = 255/(m==M?1:M-m); }
+      const unsigned int
+        _x0 = (x0>=_width)?_width - 1:x0,
+        _y0 = (y0>=_height)?_height - 1:y0,
+        _z0 = (z0>=_depth)?_depth - 1:z0;
+      CImg<tc> img_xy, img_xz, img_yz;
+      if (normalize_colors) {
+        ((get_crop(0,0,_z0,0,_width-1,_height-1,_z0,_spectrum-1)-=m)*=delta).move_to(img_xy);
+        ((get_crop(0,_y0,0,0,_width-1,_y0,_depth-1,_spectrum-1)-=m)*=delta).resize(_width,_depth,1,-100,-1).
+          move_to(img_xz);
+        ((get_crop(_x0,0,0,0,_x0,_height-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1)-=m)*=delta).resize(_height,_depth,1,-100,-1).
+          move_to(img_yz);
+      } else {
+        get_crop(0,0,_z0,0,_width-1,_height-1,_z0,_spectrum-1).move_to(img_xy);
+        get_crop(0,_y0,0,0,_width-1,_y0,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).resize(_width,_depth,1,-100,-1).move_to(img_xz);
+        get_crop(_x0,0,0,0,_x0,_height-1,_depth-1,_spectrum-1).resize(_height,_depth,1,-100,-1).move_to(img_yz);
+      }
+      CImg<floatT> points(12,3,1,1,
+                          0,_width-1,_width-1,0,   0,_width-1,_width-1,0, _x0,_x0,_x0,_x0,
+                          0,0,_height-1,_height-1, _y0,_y0,_y0,_y0,       0,_height-1,_height-1,0,
+                          _z0,_z0,_z0,_z0,         0,0,_depth-1,_depth-1, 0,0,_depth-1,_depth-1);
+      primitives.assign();
+      CImg<tf>::vector(0,1,2,3,0,0,img_xy._width-1,0,img_xy._width-1,img_xy._height-1,0,img_xy._height-1).
+        move_to(primitives);
+      CImg<tf>::vector(4,5,6,7,0,0,img_xz._width-1,0,img_xz._width-1,img_xz._height-1,0,img_xz._height-1).
+        move_to(primitives);
+      CImg<tf>::vector(8,9,10,11,0,0,img_yz._width-1,0,img_yz._width-1,img_yz._height-1,0,img_yz._height-1).
+        move_to(primitives);
+      colors.assign();
+      img_xy.move_to(colors);
+      img_xz.move_to(colors);
+      img_yz.move_to(colors);
+      return points;
+    }
+
+    //! Generate a isoline of the image instance as a 3d object.
+    /**
+       \param[out] primitives The returned list of the 3d object primitives
+                              (template type \e tf should be at least \e unsigned \e int).
+       \param isovalue The returned list of the 3d object colors.
+       \param size_x The number of subdivisions along the X-axis.
+       \param size_y The number of subdisivions along the Y-axis.
+       \return The N vertices (xi,yi,zi) of the 3d object as a Nx3 CImg<float> image (0<=i<=N-1).
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img("reference.jpg");
+       CImgList<unsigned int> faces3d;
+       const CImg<float> points3d = img.get_isoline3d(faces3d,100);
+       CImg<unsigned char>().display_object3d("Isoline3d",points3d,faces3d,colors3d);
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_isoline3d.jpg
+    **/
+    template<typename tf>
+    CImg<floatT> get_isoline3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives, const float isovalue,
+                               const int size_x=-100, const int size_y=-100) const {
+      if (_spectrum>1)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "get_isoline3d(): Instance is not a scalar image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (_depth>1)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "get_isoline3d(): Instance is not a 2d image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      primitives.assign();
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      CImg<floatT> vertices;
+      if ((size_x==-100 && size_y==-100) || (size_x==width() && size_y==height())) {
+        const _functor2d_int func(*this);
+        vertices = isoline3d(primitives,func,isovalue,0,0,width()-1.0f,height()-1.0f,width(),height());
+      } else {
+        const _functor2d_float func(*this);
+        vertices = isoline3d(primitives,func,isovalue,0,0,width()-1.0f,height()-1.0f,size_x,size_y);
+      }
+      return vertices;
+    }
+
+    //! Generate an isosurface of the image instance as a 3d object.
+    /**
+       \param[out] primitives The returned list of the 3d object primitives
+                              (template type \e tf should be at least \e unsigned \e int).
+       \param isovalue The returned list of the 3d object colors.
+       \param size_x Number of subdivisions along the X-axis.
+       \param size_y Number of subdisivions along the Y-axis.
+       \param size_z Number of subdisivions along the Z-axis.
+       \return The N vertices (xi,yi,zi) of the 3d object as a Nx3 CImg<float> image (0<=i<=N-1).
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       const CImg<float> img = CImg<unsigned char>("reference.jpg").resize(-100,-100,20);
+       CImgList<unsigned int> faces3d;
+       const CImg<float> points3d = img.get_isosurface3d(faces3d,100);
+       CImg<unsigned char>().display_object3d("Isosurface3d",points3d,faces3d,colors3d);
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_isosurface3d.jpg
+    **/
+    template<typename tf>
+    CImg<floatT> get_isosurface3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives, const float isovalue,
+                                  const int size_x=-100, const int size_y=-100, const int size_z=-100) const {
+      if (_spectrum>1)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "get_isosurface3d(): Instance is not a scalar image.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      primitives.assign();
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      CImg<floatT> vertices;
+      if ((size_x==-100 && size_y==-100 && size_z==-100) || (size_x==width() && size_y==height() && size_z==depth())) {
+        const _functor3d_int func(*this);
+        vertices = isosurface3d(primitives,func,isovalue,0,0,0,width()-1.0f,height()-1.0f,depth()-1.0f,
+                                width(),height(),depth());
+      } else {
+        const _functor3d_float func(*this);
+        vertices = isosurface3d(primitives,func,isovalue,0,0,0,width()-1.0f,height()-1.0f,depth()-1.0f,
+                                size_x,size_y,size_z);
+      }
+      return vertices;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute 3d elevation of a function as a 3d object.
+    /**
+       \param[out] primitives Primitives data of the resulting 3d object.
+       \param func Elevation function. Is of type <tt>float (*func)(const float x,const float y)</tt>.
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting point.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting point.
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending point.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending point.
+       \param size_x Resolution of the function along the X-axis.
+       \param size_y Resolution of the function along the Y-axis.
+    **/
+    template<typename tf, typename tfunc>
+    static CImg<floatT> elevation3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives, const tfunc& func,
+                                    const float x0, const float y0, const float x1, const float y1,
+                                    const int size_x=256, const int size_y=256) {
+      const float
+        nx0 = x0<x1?x0:x1, ny0 = y0<y1?y0:y1,
+        nx1 = x0<x1?x1:x0, ny1 = y0<y1?y1:y0;
+      const unsigned int
+        _nsize_x = (unsigned int)(size_x>=0?size_x:(nx1-nx0)*-size_x/100),
+        nsize_x = _nsize_x?_nsize_x:1, nsize_x1 = nsize_x - 1,
+        _nsize_y = (unsigned int)(size_y>=0?size_y:(ny1-ny0)*-size_y/100),
+        nsize_y = _nsize_y?_nsize_y:1, nsize_y1 = nsize_y - 1;
+      if (nsize_x<2 || nsize_y<2)
+        throw CImgArgumentException("CImg<%s>::elevation3d(): Invalid specified size (%d,%d).",
+                                    pixel_type(),
+                                    nsize_x,nsize_y);
+
+      CImg<floatT> vertices(nsize_x*nsize_y,3);
+      floatT *ptr_x = vertices.data(0,0), *ptr_y = vertices.data(0,1), *ptr_z = vertices.data(0,2);
+      for (unsigned int y = 0; y<nsize_y; ++y) {
+        const float Y = ny0 + y*(ny1-ny0)/nsize_y1;
+        for (unsigned int x = 0; x<nsize_x; ++x) {
+          const float X = nx0 + x*(nx1-nx0)/nsize_x1;
+          *(ptr_x++) = (float)x;
+          *(ptr_y++) = (float)y;
+          *(ptr_z++) = (float)func(X,Y);
+        }
+      }
+      primitives.assign(nsize_x1*nsize_y1,1,4);
+      for (unsigned int p = 0, y = 0; y<nsize_y1; ++y) {
+        const unsigned int yw = y*nsize_x;
+        for (unsigned int x = 0; x<nsize_x1; ++x) {
+          const unsigned int xpyw = x + yw, xpyww = xpyw + nsize_x;
+          primitives[p++].fill(xpyw,xpyww,xpyww+1,xpyw+1);
+        }
+      }
+      return vertices;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute 3d elevation of a function, as a 3d object \overloading.
+    template<typename tf>
+    static CImg<floatT> elevation3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives, const char *const expression,
+                                    const float x0, const float y0, const float x1, const float y1,
+                                    const int size_x=256, const int size_y=256) {
+      const _functor2d_expr func(expression);
+      return elevation3d(primitives,func,x0,y0,x1,y1,size_x,size_y);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute 0-isolines of a function, as a 3d object.
+    /**
+       \param[out] primitives Primitives data of the resulting 3d object.
+       \param func Elevation function. Is of type <tt>float (*func)(const float x,const float y)</tt>.
+       \param isovalue Isovalue to extract from function.
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting point.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting point.
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending point.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending point.
+       \param size_x Resolution of the function along the X-axis.
+       \param size_y Resolution of the function along the Y-axis.
+       \note Use the marching squares algorithm for extracting the isolines.
+     **/
+    template<typename tf, typename tfunc>
+    static CImg<floatT> isoline3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives, const tfunc& func, const float isovalue,
+                                  const float x0, const float y0, const float x1, const float y1,
+                                  const int size_x=256, const int size_y=256) {
+      static const unsigned int edges[16] = { 0x0, 0x9, 0x3, 0xa, 0x6, 0xf, 0x5, 0xc, 0xc,
+                                              0x5, 0xf, 0x6, 0xa, 0x3, 0x9, 0x0 };
+      static const int segments[16][4] = { { -1,-1,-1,-1 }, { 0,3,-1,-1 }, { 0,1,-1,-1 }, { 1,3,-1,-1 },
+                                           { 1,2,-1,-1 },   { 0,1,2,3 },   { 0,2,-1,-1 }, { 2,3,-1,-1 },
+                                           { 2,3,-1,-1 },   { 0,2,-1,-1},  { 0,3,1,2 },   { 1,2,-1,-1 },
+                                           { 1,3,-1,-1 },   { 0,1,-1,-1},  { 0,3,-1,-1},  { -1,-1,-1,-1 } };
+      const unsigned int
+        _nx = (unsigned int)(size_x>=0?size_x:cimg::round((x1-x0)*-size_x/100 + 1)),
+        _ny = (unsigned int)(size_y>=0?size_y:cimg::round((y1-y0)*-size_y/100 + 1)),
+        nx = _nx?_nx:1,
+        ny = _ny?_ny:1,
+        nxm1 = nx - 1,
+        nym1 = ny - 1;
+      primitives.assign();
+      if (!nxm1 || !nym1) return CImg<floatT>();
+      const float dx = (x1 - x0)/nxm1, dy = (y1 - y0)/nym1;
+      CImgList<floatT> vertices;
+      CImg<intT> indices1(nx,1,1,2,-1), indices2(nx,1,1,2);
+      CImg<floatT> values1(nx), values2(nx);
+      float X = x0, Y = y0, nX = X + dx, nY = Y + dy;
+
+      // Fill first line with values
+      cimg_forX(values1,x) { values1(x) = (float)func(X,Y); X+=dx; }
+
+      // Run the marching squares algorithm
+      for (unsigned int yi = 0, nyi = 1; yi<nym1; ++yi, ++nyi, Y=nY, nY+=dy) {
+        X = x0; nX = X + dx;
+        indices2.fill(-1);
+        for (unsigned int xi = 0, nxi = 1; xi<nxm1; ++xi, ++nxi, X=nX, nX+=dx) {
+
+          // Determine square configuration
+          const float
+            val0 = values1(xi),
+            val1 = values1(nxi),
+            val2 = values2(nxi) = (float)func(nX,nY),
+            val3 = values2(xi) = (float)func(X,nY);
+          const unsigned int
+            configuration = (val0<isovalue?1:0)  | (val1<isovalue?2:0)  | (val2<isovalue?4:0)  | (val3<isovalue?8:0),
+            edge = edges[configuration];
+
+          // Compute intersection vertices
+          if (edge) {
+            if ((edge&1) && indices1(xi,0)<0) {
+              const float Xi = X + (isovalue-val0)*dx/(val1-val0);
+              indices1(xi,0) = vertices._width;
+              CImg<floatT>::vector(Xi,Y,0).move_to(vertices);
+            }
+            if ((edge&2) && indices1(nxi,1)<0) {
+              const float Yi = Y + (isovalue-val1)*dy/(val2-val1);
+              indices1(nxi,1) = vertices._width;
+              CImg<floatT>::vector(nX,Yi,0).move_to(vertices);
+            }
+            if ((edge&4) && indices2(xi,0)<0) {
+              const float Xi = X + (isovalue-val3)*dx/(val2-val3);
+              indices2(xi,0) = vertices._width;
+              CImg<floatT>::vector(Xi,nY,0).move_to(vertices);
+            }
+            if ((edge&8) && indices1(xi,1)<0) {
+              const float Yi = Y + (isovalue-val0)*dy/(val3-val0);
+              indices1(xi,1) = vertices._width;
+              CImg<floatT>::vector(X,Yi,0).move_to(vertices);
+            }
+
+            // Create segments
+            for (const int *segment = segments[configuration]; *segment!=-1; ) {
+              const unsigned int p0 = *(segment++), p1 = *(segment++);
+              const tf
+                i0 = (tf)(_isoline3d_indice(p0,indices1,indices2,xi,nxi)),
+                i1 = (tf)(_isoline3d_indice(p1,indices1,indices2,xi,nxi));
+              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i1).move_to(primitives);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        values1.swap(values2);
+        indices1.swap(indices2);
+      }
+      return vertices>'x';
+    }
+
+    //! Compute isolines of a function, as a 3d object \overloading.
+    template<typename tf>
+    static CImg<floatT> isoline3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives, const char *const expression, const float isovalue,
+                                  const float x0, const float y0, const float x1, const float y1,
+                                  const int size_x=256, const int size_y=256) {
+      const _functor2d_expr func(expression);
+      return isoline3d(primitives,func,isovalue,x0,y0,x1,y1,size_x,size_y);
+    }
+
+    template<typename t>
+    static int _isoline3d_indice(const unsigned int edge, const CImg<t>& indices1, const CImg<t>& indices2,
+                                 const unsigned int x, const unsigned int nx) {
+      switch (edge) {
+      case 0 : return (int)indices1(x,0);
+      case 1 : return (int)indices1(nx,1);
+      case 2 : return (int)indices2(x,0);
+      case 3 : return (int)indices1(x,1);
+      }
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute isosurface of a function, as a 3d object.
+    /**
+       \param[out] primitives Primitives data of the resulting 3d object.
+       \param func Implicit function. Is of type <tt>float (*func)(const float x, const float y, const float z)</tt>.
+       \param isovalue Isovalue to extract.
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting point.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting point.
+       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the starting point.
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending point.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending point.
+       \param z1 Z-coordinate of the ending point.
+       \param size_x Resolution of the elevation function along the X-axis.
+       \param size_y Resolution of the elevation function along the Y-axis.
+       \param size_z Resolution of the elevation function along the Z-axis.
+       \note Use the marching cubes algorithm for extracting the isosurface.
+     **/
+    template<typename tf, typename tfunc>
+    static CImg<floatT> isosurface3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives, const tfunc& func, const float isovalue,
+                                     const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
+                                     const float x1, const float y1, const float z1,
+                                     const int size_x=32, const int size_y=32, const int size_z=32) {
+      static const unsigned int edges[256] = {
+        0x000, 0x109, 0x203, 0x30a, 0x406, 0x50f, 0x605, 0x70c, 0x80c, 0x905, 0xa0f, 0xb06, 0xc0a, 0xd03, 0xe09, 0xf00,
+        0x190, 0x99 , 0x393, 0x29a, 0x596, 0x49f, 0x795, 0x69c, 0x99c, 0x895, 0xb9f, 0xa96, 0xd9a, 0xc93, 0xf99, 0xe90,
+        0x230, 0x339, 0x33 , 0x13a, 0x636, 0x73f, 0x435, 0x53c, 0xa3c, 0xb35, 0x83f, 0x936, 0xe3a, 0xf33, 0xc39, 0xd30,
+        0x3a0, 0x2a9, 0x1a3, 0xaa , 0x7a6, 0x6af, 0x5a5, 0x4ac, 0xbac, 0xaa5, 0x9af, 0x8a6, 0xfaa, 0xea3, 0xda9, 0xca0,
+        0x460, 0x569, 0x663, 0x76a, 0x66 , 0x16f, 0x265, 0x36c, 0xc6c, 0xd65, 0xe6f, 0xf66, 0x86a, 0x963, 0xa69, 0xb60,
+        0x5f0, 0x4f9, 0x7f3, 0x6fa, 0x1f6, 0xff , 0x3f5, 0x2fc, 0xdfc, 0xcf5, 0xfff, 0xef6, 0x9fa, 0x8f3, 0xbf9, 0xaf0,
+        0x650, 0x759, 0x453, 0x55a, 0x256, 0x35f, 0x55 , 0x15c, 0xe5c, 0xf55, 0xc5f, 0xd56, 0xa5a, 0xb53, 0x859, 0x950,
+        0x7c0, 0x6c9, 0x5c3, 0x4ca, 0x3c6, 0x2cf, 0x1c5, 0xcc , 0xfcc, 0xec5, 0xdcf, 0xcc6, 0xbca, 0xac3, 0x9c9, 0x8c0,
+        0x8c0, 0x9c9, 0xac3, 0xbca, 0xcc6, 0xdcf, 0xec5, 0xfcc, 0xcc , 0x1c5, 0x2cf, 0x3c6, 0x4ca, 0x5c3, 0x6c9, 0x7c0,
+        0x950, 0x859, 0xb53, 0xa5a, 0xd56, 0xc5f, 0xf55, 0xe5c, 0x15c, 0x55 , 0x35f, 0x256, 0x55a, 0x453, 0x759, 0x650,
+        0xaf0, 0xbf9, 0x8f3, 0x9fa, 0xef6, 0xfff, 0xcf5, 0xdfc, 0x2fc, 0x3f5, 0xff , 0x1f6, 0x6fa, 0x7f3, 0x4f9, 0x5f0,
+        0xb60, 0xa69, 0x963, 0x86a, 0xf66, 0xe6f, 0xd65, 0xc6c, 0x36c, 0x265, 0x16f, 0x66 , 0x76a, 0x663, 0x569, 0x460,
+        0xca0, 0xda9, 0xea3, 0xfaa, 0x8a6, 0x9af, 0xaa5, 0xbac, 0x4ac, 0x5a5, 0x6af, 0x7a6, 0xaa , 0x1a3, 0x2a9, 0x3a0,
+        0xd30, 0xc39, 0xf33, 0xe3a, 0x936, 0x83f, 0xb35, 0xa3c, 0x53c, 0x435, 0x73f, 0x636, 0x13a, 0x33 , 0x339, 0x230,
+        0xe90, 0xf99, 0xc93, 0xd9a, 0xa96, 0xb9f, 0x895, 0x99c, 0x69c, 0x795, 0x49f, 0x596, 0x29a, 0x393, 0x99 , 0x190,
+        0xf00, 0xe09, 0xd03, 0xc0a, 0xb06, 0xa0f, 0x905, 0x80c, 0x70c, 0x605, 0x50f, 0x406, 0x30a, 0x203, 0x109, 0x000
+      };
+
+      static const int triangles[256][16] = {
+        { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 8, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 1, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 8, 3, 9, 8, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 2, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 8, 3, 1, 2, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 2, 10, 0, 2, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 2, 8, 3, 2, 10, 8, 10, 9, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 3, 11, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 11, 2, 8, 11, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 9, 0, 2, 3, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 11, 2, 1, 9, 11, 9, 8, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 3, 10, 1, 11, 10, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 10, 1, 0, 8, 10, 8, 11, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 3, 9, 0, 3, 11, 9, 11, 10, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 8, 10, 10, 8, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 4, 7, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 4, 3, 0, 7, 3, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 1, 9, 8, 4, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 4, 1, 9, 4, 7, 1, 7, 3, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 2, 10, 8, 4, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 3, 4, 7, 3, 0, 4, 1, 2, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 2, 10, 9, 0, 2, 8, 4, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 2, 10, 9, 2, 9, 7, 2, 7, 3, 7, 9, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 8, 4, 7, 3, 11, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 11, 4, 7, 11, 2, 4, 2, 0, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 0, 1, 8, 4, 7, 2, 3, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 4, 7, 11, 9, 4, 11, 9, 11, 2, 9, 2, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 3, 10, 1, 3, 11, 10, 7, 8, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 11, 10, 1, 4, 11, 1, 0, 4, 7, 11, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 4, 7, 8, 9, 0, 11, 9, 11, 10, 11, 0, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 4, 7, 11, 4, 11, 9, 9, 11, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 5, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 5, 4, 0, 8, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 5, 4, 1, 5, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 8, 5, 4, 8, 3, 5, 3, 1, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 2, 10, 9, 5, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 3, 0, 8, 1, 2, 10, 4, 9, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 5, 2, 10, 5, 4, 2, 4, 0, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 2, 10, 5, 3, 2, 5, 3, 5, 4, 3, 4, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 5, 4, 2, 3, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 11, 2, 0, 8, 11, 4, 9, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 5, 4, 0, 1, 5, 2, 3, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 2, 1, 5, 2, 5, 8, 2, 8, 11, 4, 8, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 10, 3, 11, 10, 1, 3, 9, 5, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 4, 9, 5, 0, 8, 1, 8, 10, 1, 8, 11, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 5, 4, 0, 5, 0, 11, 5, 11, 10, 11, 0, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 5, 4, 8, 5, 8, 10, 10, 8, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 7, 8, 5, 7, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 3, 0, 9, 5, 3, 5, 7, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 7, 8, 0, 1, 7, 1, 5, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 5, 3, 3, 5, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 7, 8, 9, 5, 7, 10, 1, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 10, 1, 2, 9, 5, 0, 5, 3, 0, 5, 7, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 8, 0, 2, 8, 2, 5, 8, 5, 7, 10, 5, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 2, 10, 5, 2, 5, 3, 3, 5, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 7, 9, 5, 7, 8, 9, 3, 11, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 5, 7, 9, 7, 2, 9, 2, 0, 2, 7, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 2, 3, 11, 0, 1, 8, 1, 7, 8, 1, 5, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 11, 2, 1, 11, 1, 7, 7, 1, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 5, 8, 8, 5, 7, 10, 1, 3, 10, 3, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 5, 7, 0, 5, 0, 9, 7, 11, 0, 1, 0, 10, 11, 10, 0, -1 },
+        { 11, 10, 0, 11, 0, 3, 10, 5, 0, 8, 0, 7, 5, 7, 0, -1 },
+        { 11, 10, 5, 7, 11, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 10, 6, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 8, 3, 5, 10, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 0, 1, 5, 10, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 8, 3, 1, 9, 8, 5, 10, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 6, 5, 2, 6, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 6, 5, 1, 2, 6, 3, 0, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 6, 5, 9, 0, 6, 0, 2, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 5, 9, 8, 5, 8, 2, 5, 2, 6, 3, 2, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 2, 3, 11, 10, 6, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 11, 0, 8, 11, 2, 0, 10, 6, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 1, 9, 2, 3, 11, 5, 10, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 5, 10, 6, 1, 9, 2, 9, 11, 2, 9, 8, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 6, 3, 11, 6, 5, 3, 5, 1, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 8, 11, 0, 11, 5, 0, 5, 1, 5, 11, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 3, 11, 6, 0, 3, 6, 0, 6, 5, 0, 5, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 6, 5, 9, 6, 9, 11, 11, 9, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 5, 10, 6, 4, 7, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 4, 3, 0, 4, 7, 3, 6, 5, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 9, 0, 5, 10, 6, 8, 4, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 10, 6, 5, 1, 9, 7, 1, 7, 3, 7, 9, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 6, 1, 2, 6, 5, 1, 4, 7, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 2, 5, 5, 2, 6, 3, 0, 4, 3, 4, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 8, 4, 7, 9, 0, 5, 0, 6, 5, 0, 2, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 7, 3, 9, 7, 9, 4, 3, 2, 9, 5, 9, 6, 2, 6, 9, -1 },
+        { 3, 11, 2, 7, 8, 4, 10, 6, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 5, 10, 6, 4, 7, 2, 4, 2, 0, 2, 7, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 1, 9, 4, 7, 8, 2, 3, 11, 5, 10, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 2, 1, 9, 11, 2, 9, 4, 11, 7, 11, 4, 5, 10, 6, -1 },
+        { 8, 4, 7, 3, 11, 5, 3, 5, 1, 5, 11, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 5, 1, 11, 5, 11, 6, 1, 0, 11, 7, 11, 4, 0, 4, 11, -1 },
+        { 0, 5, 9, 0, 6, 5, 0, 3, 6, 11, 6, 3, 8, 4, 7, -1 },
+        { 6, 5, 9, 6, 9, 11, 4, 7, 9, 7, 11, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 10, 4, 9, 6, 4, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 4, 10, 6, 4, 9, 10, 0, 8, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 10, 0, 1, 10, 6, 0, 6, 4, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 8, 3, 1, 8, 1, 6, 8, 6, 4, 6, 1, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 4, 9, 1, 2, 4, 2, 6, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 3, 0, 8, 1, 2, 9, 2, 4, 9, 2, 6, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 2, 4, 4, 2, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 8, 3, 2, 8, 2, 4, 4, 2, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 10, 4, 9, 10, 6, 4, 11, 2, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 8, 2, 2, 8, 11, 4, 9, 10, 4, 10, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 3, 11, 2, 0, 1, 6, 0, 6, 4, 6, 1, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 6, 4, 1, 6, 1, 10, 4, 8, 1, 2, 1, 11, 8, 11, 1, -1 },
+        { 9, 6, 4, 9, 3, 6, 9, 1, 3, 11, 6, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 8, 11, 1, 8, 1, 0, 11, 6, 1, 9, 1, 4, 6, 4, 1, -1 },
+        { 3, 11, 6, 3, 6, 0, 0, 6, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 6, 4, 8, 11, 6, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 7, 10, 6, 7, 8, 10, 8, 9, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 7, 3, 0, 10, 7, 0, 9, 10, 6, 7, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 10, 6, 7, 1, 10, 7, 1, 7, 8, 1, 8, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 10, 6, 7, 10, 7, 1, 1, 7, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 2, 6, 1, 6, 8, 1, 8, 9, 8, 6, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 2, 6, 9, 2, 9, 1, 6, 7, 9, 0, 9, 3, 7, 3, 9, -1 },
+        { 7, 8, 0, 7, 0, 6, 6, 0, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 7, 3, 2, 6, 7, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 2, 3, 11, 10, 6, 8, 10, 8, 9, 8, 6, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 2, 0, 7, 2, 7, 11, 0, 9, 7, 6, 7, 10, 9, 10, 7, -1 },
+        { 1, 8, 0, 1, 7, 8, 1, 10, 7, 6, 7, 10, 2, 3, 11, -1 },
+        { 11, 2, 1, 11, 1, 7, 10, 6, 1, 6, 7, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 8, 9, 6, 8, 6, 7, 9, 1, 6, 11, 6, 3, 1, 3, 6, -1 },
+        { 0, 9, 1, 11, 6, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 7, 8, 0, 7, 0, 6, 3, 11, 0, 11, 6, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 7, 11, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 7, 6, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 3, 0, 8, 11, 7, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 1, 9, 11, 7, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 8, 1, 9, 8, 3, 1, 11, 7, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 10, 1, 2, 6, 11, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 2, 10, 3, 0, 8, 6, 11, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 2, 9, 0, 2, 10, 9, 6, 11, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 6, 11, 7, 2, 10, 3, 10, 8, 3, 10, 9, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 7, 2, 3, 6, 2, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 7, 0, 8, 7, 6, 0, 6, 2, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 2, 7, 6, 2, 3, 7, 0, 1, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 6, 2, 1, 8, 6, 1, 9, 8, 8, 7, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 10, 7, 6, 10, 1, 7, 1, 3, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 10, 7, 6, 1, 7, 10, 1, 8, 7, 1, 0, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 3, 7, 0, 7, 10, 0, 10, 9, 6, 10, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 7, 6, 10, 7, 10, 8, 8, 10, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 6, 8, 4, 11, 8, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 3, 6, 11, 3, 0, 6, 0, 4, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 8, 6, 11, 8, 4, 6, 9, 0, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 4, 6, 9, 6, 3, 9, 3, 1, 11, 3, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 6, 8, 4, 6, 11, 8, 2, 10, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 2, 10, 3, 0, 11, 0, 6, 11, 0, 4, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 4, 11, 8, 4, 6, 11, 0, 2, 9, 2, 10, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 10, 9, 3, 10, 3, 2, 9, 4, 3, 11, 3, 6, 4, 6, 3, -1 },
+        { 8, 2, 3, 8, 4, 2, 4, 6, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 4, 2, 4, 6, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 9, 0, 2, 3, 4, 2, 4, 6, 4, 3, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 9, 4, 1, 4, 2, 2, 4, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 8, 1, 3, 8, 6, 1, 8, 4, 6, 6, 10, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 10, 1, 0, 10, 0, 6, 6, 0, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 4, 6, 3, 4, 3, 8, 6, 10, 3, 0, 3, 9, 10, 9, 3, -1 },
+        { 10, 9, 4, 6, 10, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 4, 9, 5, 7, 6, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 8, 3, 4, 9, 5, 11, 7, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 5, 0, 1, 5, 4, 0, 7, 6, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 11, 7, 6, 8, 3, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3, 1, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 5, 4, 10, 1, 2, 7, 6, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 6, 11, 7, 1, 2, 10, 0, 8, 3, 4, 9, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 7, 6, 11, 5, 4, 10, 4, 2, 10, 4, 0, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 3, 4, 8, 3, 5, 4, 3, 2, 5, 10, 5, 2, 11, 7, 6, -1 },
+        { 7, 2, 3, 7, 6, 2, 5, 4, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 5, 4, 0, 8, 6, 0, 6, 2, 6, 8, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 3, 6, 2, 3, 7, 6, 1, 5, 0, 5, 4, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 6, 2, 8, 6, 8, 7, 2, 1, 8, 4, 8, 5, 1, 5, 8, -1 },
+        { 9, 5, 4, 10, 1, 6, 1, 7, 6, 1, 3, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 6, 10, 1, 7, 6, 1, 0, 7, 8, 7, 0, 9, 5, 4, -1 },
+        { 4, 0, 10, 4, 10, 5, 0, 3, 10, 6, 10, 7, 3, 7, 10, -1 },
+        { 7, 6, 10, 7, 10, 8, 5, 4, 10, 4, 8, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 6, 9, 5, 6, 11, 9, 11, 8, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 3, 6, 11, 0, 6, 3, 0, 5, 6, 0, 9, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 11, 8, 0, 5, 11, 0, 1, 5, 5, 6, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 6, 11, 3, 6, 3, 5, 5, 3, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 2, 10, 9, 5, 11, 9, 11, 8, 11, 5, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 11, 3, 0, 6, 11, 0, 9, 6, 5, 6, 9, 1, 2, 10, -1 },
+        { 11, 8, 5, 11, 5, 6, 8, 0, 5, 10, 5, 2, 0, 2, 5, -1 },
+        { 6, 11, 3, 6, 3, 5, 2, 10, 3, 10, 5, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 5, 8, 9, 5, 2, 8, 5, 6, 2, 3, 8, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 5, 6, 9, 6, 0, 0, 6, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 5, 8, 1, 8, 0, 5, 6, 8, 3, 8, 2, 6, 2, 8, -1 },
+        { 1, 5, 6, 2, 1, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 3, 6, 1, 6, 10, 3, 8, 6, 5, 6, 9, 8, 9, 6, -1 },
+        { 10, 1, 0, 10, 0, 6, 9, 5, 0, 5, 6, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 3, 8, 5, 6, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 10, 5, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 11, 5, 10, 7, 5, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 11, 5, 10, 11, 7, 5, 8, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 5, 11, 7, 5, 10, 11, 1, 9, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 10, 7, 5, 10, 11, 7, 9, 8, 1, 8, 3, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 11, 1, 2, 11, 7, 1, 7, 5, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 8, 3, 1, 2, 7, 1, 7, 5, 7, 2, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 7, 5, 9, 2, 7, 9, 0, 2, 2, 11, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 7, 5, 2, 7, 2, 11, 5, 9, 2, 3, 2, 8, 9, 8, 2, -1 },
+        { 2, 5, 10, 2, 3, 5, 3, 7, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 8, 2, 0, 8, 5, 2, 8, 7, 5, 10, 2, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 0, 1, 5, 10, 3, 5, 3, 7, 3, 10, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 8, 2, 9, 2, 1, 8, 7, 2, 10, 2, 5, 7, 5, 2, -1 },
+        { 1, 3, 5, 3, 7, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 8, 7, 0, 7, 1, 1, 7, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 0, 3, 9, 3, 5, 5, 3, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 8, 7, 5, 9, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 5, 8, 4, 5, 10, 8, 10, 11, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 5, 0, 4, 5, 11, 0, 5, 10, 11, 11, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 1, 9, 8, 4, 10, 8, 10, 11, 10, 4, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 10, 11, 4, 10, 4, 5, 11, 3, 4, 9, 4, 1, 3, 1, 4, -1 },
+        { 2, 5, 1, 2, 8, 5, 2, 11, 8, 4, 5, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 4, 11, 0, 11, 3, 4, 5, 11, 2, 11, 1, 5, 1, 11, -1 },
+        { 0, 2, 5, 0, 5, 9, 2, 11, 5, 4, 5, 8, 11, 8, 5, -1 },
+        { 9, 4, 5, 2, 11, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 2, 5, 10, 3, 5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 8, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 5, 10, 2, 5, 2, 4, 4, 2, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 3, 10, 2, 3, 5, 10, 3, 8, 5, 4, 5, 8, 0, 1, 9, -1 },
+        { 5, 10, 2, 5, 2, 4, 1, 9, 2, 9, 4, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 8, 4, 5, 8, 5, 3, 3, 5, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 4, 5, 1, 0, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 8, 4, 5, 8, 5, 3, 9, 0, 5, 0, 3, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 4, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 4, 11, 7, 4, 9, 11, 9, 10, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 8, 3, 4, 9, 7, 9, 11, 7, 9, 10, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 10, 11, 1, 11, 4, 1, 4, 0, 7, 4, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 3, 1, 4, 3, 4, 8, 1, 10, 4, 7, 4, 11, 10, 11, 4, -1 },
+        { 4, 11, 7, 9, 11, 4, 9, 2, 11, 9, 1, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 7, 4, 9, 11, 7, 9, 1, 11, 2, 11, 1, 0, 8, 3, -1 },
+        { 11, 7, 4, 11, 4, 2, 2, 4, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 11, 7, 4, 11, 4, 2, 8, 3, 4, 3, 2, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 2, 9, 10, 2, 7, 9, 2, 3, 7, 7, 4, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 10, 7, 9, 7, 4, 10, 2, 7, 8, 7, 0, 2, 0, 7, -1 },
+        { 3, 7, 10, 3, 10, 2, 7, 4, 10, 1, 10, 0, 4, 0, 10, -1 },
+        { 1, 10, 2, 8, 7, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 4, 9, 1, 4, 1, 7, 7, 1, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 4, 9, 1, 4, 1, 7, 0, 8, 1, 8, 7, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 4, 0, 3, 7, 4, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 4, 8, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 10, 8, 10, 11, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 3, 0, 9, 3, 9, 11, 11, 9, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 1, 10, 0, 10, 8, 8, 10, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 3, 1, 10, 11, 3, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 2, 11, 1, 11, 9, 9, 11, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 3, 0, 9, 3, 9, 11, 1, 2, 9, 2, 11, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 2, 11, 8, 0, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 3, 2, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 2, 3, 8, 2, 8, 10, 10, 8, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 9, 10, 2, 0, 9, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 2, 3, 8, 2, 8, 10, 0, 1, 8, 1, 10, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 10, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 1, 3, 8, 9, 1, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 9, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { 0, 3, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 },
+        { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 }
+      };
+
+      const unsigned int
+        _nx = (unsigned int)(size_x>=0?size_x:cimg::round((x1-x0)*-size_x/100 + 1)),
+        _ny = (unsigned int)(size_y>=0?size_y:cimg::round((y1-y0)*-size_y/100 + 1)),
+        _nz = (unsigned int)(size_z>=0?size_z:cimg::round((z1-z0)*-size_z/100 + 1)),
+        nx = _nx?_nx:1,
+        ny = _ny?_ny:1,
+        nz = _nz?_nz:1,
+        nxm1 = nx - 1,
+        nym1 = ny - 1,
+        nzm1 = nz - 1;
+      primitives.assign();
+      if (!nxm1 || !nym1 || !nzm1) return CImg<floatT>();
+      const float dx = (x1 - x0)/nxm1, dy = (y1 - y0)/nym1, dz = (z1 - z0)/nzm1;
+      CImgList<floatT> vertices;
+      CImg<intT> indices1(nx,ny,1,3,-1), indices2(indices1);
+      CImg<floatT> values1(nx,ny), values2(nx,ny);
+      float X = 0, Y = 0, Z = 0, nX = 0, nY = 0, nZ = 0;
+
+      // Fill the first plane with function values
+      Y = y0;
+      cimg_forY(values1,y) {
+        X = x0;
+        cimg_forX(values1,x) { values1(x,y) = (float)func(X,Y,z0); X+=dx; }
+        Y+=dy;
+      }
+
+      // Run Marching Cubes algorithm
+      Z = z0; nZ = Z + dz;
+      for (unsigned int zi = 0; zi<nzm1; ++zi, Z = nZ, nZ+=dz) {
+        Y = y0; nY = Y + dy;
+        indices2.fill(-1);
+        for (unsigned int yi = 0, nyi = 1; yi<nym1; ++yi, ++nyi, Y = nY, nY+=dy) {
+          X = x0; nX = X + dx;
+          for (unsigned int xi = 0, nxi = 1; xi<nxm1; ++xi, ++nxi, X = nX, nX+=dx) {
+
+            // Determine cube configuration
+            const float
+              val0 = values1(xi,yi),
+              val1 = values1(nxi,yi),
+              val2 = values1(nxi,nyi),
+              val3 = values1(xi,nyi),
+              val4 = values2(xi,yi) = (float)func(X,Y,nZ),
+              val5 = values2(nxi,yi) = (float)func(nX,Y,nZ),
+              val6 = values2(nxi,nyi) = (float)func(nX,nY,nZ),
+              val7 = values2(xi,nyi) = (float)func(X,nY,nZ);
+
+            const unsigned int configuration =
+              (val0<isovalue?1:0)  | (val1<isovalue?2:0)  | (val2<isovalue?4:0)  | (val3<isovalue?8:0) |
+              (val4<isovalue?16:0) | (val5<isovalue?32:0) | (val6<isovalue?64:0) | (val7<isovalue?128:0),
+              edge = edges[configuration];
+
+            // Compute intersection vertices
+            if (edge) {
+              if ((edge&1) && indices1(xi,yi,0)<0) {
+                const float Xi = X + (isovalue-val0)*dx/(val1-val0);
+                indices1(xi,yi,0) = vertices._width;
+                CImg<floatT>::vector(Xi,Y,Z).move_to(vertices);
+              }
+              if ((edge&2) && indices1(nxi,yi,1)<0) {
+                const float Yi = Y + (isovalue-val1)*dy/(val2-val1);
+                indices1(nxi,yi,1) = vertices._width;
+                CImg<floatT>::vector(nX,Yi,Z).move_to(vertices);
+              }
+              if ((edge&4) && indices1(xi,nyi,0)<0) {
+                const float Xi = X + (isovalue-val3)*dx/(val2-val3);
+                indices1(xi,nyi,0) = vertices._width;
+                CImg<floatT>::vector(Xi,nY,Z).move_to(vertices);
+              }
+              if ((edge&8) && indices1(xi,yi,1)<0) {
+                const float Yi = Y + (isovalue-val0)*dy/(val3-val0);
+                indices1(xi,yi,1) = vertices._width;
+                CImg<floatT>::vector(X,Yi,Z).move_to(vertices);
+              }
+              if ((edge&16) && indices2(xi,yi,0)<0) {
+                const float Xi = X + (isovalue-val4)*dx/(val5-val4);
+                indices2(xi,yi,0) = vertices._width;
+                CImg<floatT>::vector(Xi,Y,nZ).move_to(vertices);
+              }
+              if ((edge&32) && indices2(nxi,yi,1)<0) {
+                const float Yi = Y + (isovalue-val5)*dy/(val6-val5);
+                indices2(nxi,yi,1) = vertices._width;
+                CImg<floatT>::vector(nX,Yi,nZ).move_to(vertices);
+              }
+              if ((edge&64) && indices2(xi,nyi,0)<0) {
+                const float Xi = X + (isovalue-val7)*dx/(val6-val7);
+                indices2(xi,nyi,0) = vertices._width;
+                CImg<floatT>::vector(Xi,nY,nZ).move_to(vertices);
+              }
+              if ((edge&128) && indices2(xi,yi,1)<0)  {
+                const float Yi = Y + (isovalue-val4)*dy/(val7-val4);
+                indices2(xi,yi,1) = vertices._width;
+                CImg<floatT>::vector(X,Yi,nZ).move_to(vertices);
+              }
+              if ((edge&256) && indices1(xi,yi,2)<0) {
+                const float Zi = Z+ (isovalue-val0)*dz/(val4-val0);
+                indices1(xi,yi,2) = vertices._width;
+                CImg<floatT>::vector(X,Y,Zi).move_to(vertices);
+              }
+              if ((edge&512) && indices1(nxi,yi,2)<0)  {
+                const float Zi = Z + (isovalue-val1)*dz/(val5-val1);
+                indices1(nxi,yi,2) = vertices._width;
+                CImg<floatT>::vector(nX,Y,Zi).move_to(vertices);
+              }
+              if ((edge&1024) && indices1(nxi,nyi,2)<0) {
+                const float Zi = Z + (isovalue-val2)*dz/(val6-val2);
+                indices1(nxi,nyi,2) = vertices._width;
+                CImg<floatT>::vector(nX,nY,Zi).move_to(vertices);
+              }
+              if ((edge&2048) && indices1(xi,nyi,2)<0) {
+                const float Zi = Z + (isovalue-val3)*dz/(val7-val3);
+                indices1(xi,nyi,2) = vertices._width;
+                CImg<floatT>::vector(X,nY,Zi).move_to(vertices);
+              }
+
+              // Create triangles
+              for (const int *triangle = triangles[configuration]; *triangle!=-1; ) {
+                const unsigned int p0 = *(triangle++), p1 = *(triangle++), p2 = *(triangle++);
+                const tf
+                  i0 = (tf)(_isosurface3d_indice(p0,indices1,indices2,xi,yi,nxi,nyi)),
+                  i1 = (tf)(_isosurface3d_indice(p1,indices1,indices2,xi,yi,nxi,nyi)),
+                  i2 = (tf)(_isosurface3d_indice(p2,indices1,indices2,xi,yi,nxi,nyi));
+                CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i2,i1).move_to(primitives);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        cimg::swap(values1,values2);
+        cimg::swap(indices1,indices2);
+      }
+      return vertices>'x';
+    }
+
+    //! Compute isosurface of a function, as a 3d object \overloading.
+    template<typename tf>
+    static CImg<floatT> isosurface3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives, const char *const expression, const float isovalue,
+                                     const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
+                                     const float x1, const float y1, const float z1,
+                                     const int dx=32, const int dy=32, const int dz=32) {
+      const _functor3d_expr func(expression);
+      return isosurface3d(primitives,func,isovalue,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,dx,dy,dz);
+    }
+
+    template<typename t>
+    static int _isosurface3d_indice(const unsigned int edge, const CImg<t>& indices1, const CImg<t>& indices2,
+                                    const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y,
+                                    const unsigned int nx, const unsigned int ny) {
+      switch (edge) {
+      case 0 : return indices1(x,y,0);
+      case 1 : return indices1(nx,y,1);
+      case 2 : return indices1(x,ny,0);
+      case 3 : return indices1(x,y,1);
+      case 4 : return indices2(x,y,0);
+      case 5 : return indices2(nx,y,1);
+      case 6 : return indices2(x,ny,0);
+      case 7 : return indices2(x,y,1);
+      case 8 : return indices1(x,y,2);
+      case 9 : return indices1(nx,y,2);
+      case 10 : return indices1(nx,ny,2);
+      case 11 : return indices1(x,ny,2);
+      }
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    // Define functors for accessing image values (used in previous functions).
+    struct _functor2d_int {
+      const CImg<T>& ref;
+      _functor2d_int(const CImg<T>& pref):ref(pref) {}
+      float operator()(const float x, const float y) const {
+        return (float)ref((int)x,(int)y);
+      }
+    };
+
+    struct _functor2d_float {
+      const CImg<T>& ref;
+      _functor2d_float(const CImg<T>& pref):ref(pref) {}
+      float operator()(const float x, const float y) const {
+        return (float)ref._linear_atXY(x,y);
+      }
+    };
+
+    struct _functor2d_expr {
+      _cimg_math_parser *mp;
+      _functor2d_expr(const char *const expr):mp(0) { mp = new _cimg_math_parser(CImg<T>::empty(),expr,0); }
+      ~_functor2d_expr() { delete mp; }
+      float operator()(const float x, const float y) const {
+        return (float)(*mp)(x,y,0,0);
+      }
+    };
+
+    struct _functor3d_int {
+      const CImg<T>& ref;
+      _functor3d_int(const CImg<T>& pref):ref(pref) {}
+      float operator()(const float x, const float y, const float z) const {
+        return (float)ref((int)x,(int)y,(int)z);
+      }
+    };
+
+    struct _functor3d_float {
+      const CImg<T>& ref;
+      _functor3d_float(const CImg<T>& pref):ref(pref) {}
+      float operator()(const float x, const float y, const float z) const {
+        return (float)ref._linear_atXYZ(x,y,z);
+      }
+    };
+
+    struct _functor3d_expr {
+      _cimg_math_parser *mp;
+      ~_functor3d_expr() { delete mp; }
+      _functor3d_expr(const char *const expr):mp(0) { mp = new _cimg_math_parser(CImg<T>::empty(),expr,0); }
+      float operator()(const float x, const float y, const float z) const {
+        return (float)(*mp)(x,y,z,0);
+      }
+    };
+
+    struct _functor4d_int {
+      const CImg<T>& ref;
+      _functor4d_int(const CImg<T>& pref):ref(pref) {}
+      float operator()(const float x, const float y, const float z, const unsigned int c) const {
+        return (float)ref((int)x,(int)y,(int)z,c);
+      }
+    };
+
+    //! Generate a 3d box object.
+    /**
+       \param[out] primitives The returned list of the 3d object primitives
+                              (template type \e tf should be at least \e unsigned \e int).
+       \param size_x The width of the box (dimension along the X-axis).
+       \param size_y The height of the box (dimension along the Y-axis).
+       \param size_z The depth of the box (dimension along the Z-axis).
+       \return The N vertices (xi,yi,zi) of the 3d object as a Nx3 CImg<float> image (0<=i<=N-1).
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImgList<unsigned int> faces3d;
+       const CImg<float> points3d = CImg<float>::box3d(faces3d,10,20,30);
+       CImg<unsigned char>().display_object3d("Box3d",points3d,faces3d);
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_box3d.jpg
+    **/
+    template<typename tf>
+    static CImg<floatT> box3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                              const float size_x=200, const float size_y=100, const float size_z=100) {
+      primitives.assign(6,1,4,1,1, 0,3,2,1, 4,5,6,7, 0,1,5,4, 3,7,6,2, 0,4,7,3, 1,2,6,5);
+      return CImg<floatT>(8,3,1,1,
+                          0.,size_x,size_x,    0.,    0.,size_x,size_x,    0.,
+                          0.,    0.,size_y,size_y,    0.,    0.,size_y,size_y,
+                          0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,size_z,size_z,size_z,size_z);
+    }
+
+    //! Generate a 3d cone.
+    /**
+       \param[out] primitives The returned list of the 3d object primitives
+                              (template type \e tf should be at least \e unsigned \e int).
+       \param radius The radius of the cone basis.
+       \param size_z The cone's height.
+       \param subdivisions The number of basis angular subdivisions.
+       \return The N vertices (xi,yi,zi) of the 3d object as a Nx3 CImg<float> image (0<=i<=N-1).
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImgList<unsigned int> faces3d;
+       const CImg<float> points3d = CImg<float>::cone3d(faces3d,50);
+       CImg<unsigned char>().display_object3d("Cone3d",points3d,faces3d);
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_cone3d.jpg
+    **/
+    template<typename tf>
+    static CImg<floatT> cone3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                               const float radius=50, const float size_z=100, const unsigned int subdivisions=24) {
+      primitives.assign();
+      if (!subdivisions) return CImg<floatT>();
+      CImgList<floatT> vertices(2,1,3,1,1,
+                                0.,0.,size_z,
+                                0.,0.,0.);
+      for (float delta = 360.0f/subdivisions, angle = 0; angle<360; angle+=delta) {
+	const float a = (float)(angle*cimg::PI/180);
+        CImg<floatT>::vector((float)(radius*std::cos(a)),(float)(radius*std::sin(a)),0).move_to(vertices);
+      }
+      const unsigned int nbr = vertices._width - 2;
+      for (unsigned int p = 0; p<nbr; ++p) {
+	const unsigned int curr = 2 + p, next = 2 + ((p+1)%nbr);
+        CImg<tf>::vector(1,next,curr).move_to(primitives);
+        CImg<tf>::vector(0,curr,next).move_to(primitives);
+      }
+      return vertices>'x';
+    }
+
+    //! Generate a 3d cylinder.
+    /**
+       \param[out] primitives The returned list of the 3d object primitives
+                              (template type \e tf should be at least \e unsigned \e int).
+       \param radius The radius of the cylinder basis.
+       \param size_z The cylinder's height.
+       \param subdivisions The number of basis angular subdivisions.
+       \return The N vertices (xi,yi,zi) of the 3d object as a Nx3 CImg<float> image (0<=i<=N-1).
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImgList<unsigned int> faces3d;
+       const CImg<float> points3d = CImg<float>::cylinder3d(faces3d,50);
+       CImg<unsigned char>().display_object3d("Cylinder3d",points3d,faces3d);
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_cylinder3d.jpg
+    **/
+    template<typename tf>
+    static CImg<floatT> cylinder3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                                   const float radius=50, const float size_z=100, const unsigned int subdivisions=24) {
+      primitives.assign();
+      if (!subdivisions) return CImg<floatT>();
+      CImgList<floatT> vertices(2,1,3,1,1,
+                                0.,0.,0.,
+                                0.,0.,size_z);
+      for (float delta = 360.0f/subdivisions, angle = 0; angle<360; angle+=delta) {
+	const float a = (float)(angle*cimg::PI/180);
+        CImg<floatT>::vector((float)(radius*std::cos(a)),(float)(radius*std::sin(a)),0.0f).move_to(vertices);
+        CImg<floatT>::vector((float)(radius*std::cos(a)),(float)(radius*std::sin(a)),size_z).move_to(vertices);
+      }
+      const unsigned int nbr = (vertices._width - 2)/2;
+      for (unsigned int p = 0; p<nbr; ++p) {
+	const unsigned int curr = 2+2*p, next = 2+(2*((p+1)%nbr));
+        CImg<tf>::vector(0,next,curr).move_to(primitives);
+        CImg<tf>::vector(1,curr+1,next+1).move_to(primitives);
+        CImg<tf>::vector(curr,next,next+1,curr+1).move_to(primitives);
+      }
+      return vertices>'x';
+    }
+
+    //! Generate a 3d torus.
+    /**
+       \param[out] primitives The returned list of the 3d object primitives
+                              (template type \e tf should be at least \e unsigned \e int).
+       \param radius1 The large radius.
+       \param radius2 The small radius.
+       \param subdivisions1 The number of angular subdivisions for the large radius.
+       \param subdivisions2 The number of angular subdivisions for the small radius.
+       \return The N vertices (xi,yi,zi) of the 3d object as a Nx3 CImg<float> image (0<=i<=N-1).
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImgList<unsigned int> faces3d;
+       const CImg<float> points3d = CImg<float>::torus3d(faces3d,20,4);
+       CImg<unsigned char>().display_object3d("Torus3d",points3d,faces3d);
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_torus3d.jpg
+    **/
+    template<typename tf>
+    static CImg<floatT> torus3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                                const float radius1=100, const float radius2=30,
+                                const unsigned int subdivisions1=24, const unsigned int subdivisions2=12) {
+      primitives.assign();
+      if (!subdivisions1 || !subdivisions2) return CImg<floatT>();
+      CImgList<floatT> vertices;
+      for (unsigned int v = 0; v<subdivisions1; ++v) {
+	const float
+	  beta = (float)(v*2*cimg::PI/subdivisions1),
+	  xc = radius1*(float)std::cos(beta),
+	  yc = radius1*(float)std::sin(beta);
+        for (unsigned int u = 0; u<subdivisions2; ++u) {
+          const float
+            alpha = (float)(u*2*cimg::PI/subdivisions2),
+            x = xc + radius2*(float)(std::cos(alpha)*std::cos(beta)),
+	    y = yc + radius2*(float)(std::cos(alpha)*std::sin(beta)),
+	    z = radius2*(float)std::sin(alpha);
+          CImg<floatT>::vector(x,y,z).move_to(vertices);
+        }
+      }
+      for (unsigned int vv = 0; vv<subdivisions1; ++vv) {
+	const unsigned int nv = (vv+1)%subdivisions1;
+        for (unsigned int uu = 0; uu<subdivisions2; ++uu) {
+          const unsigned int nu = (uu+1)%subdivisions2, svv = subdivisions2*vv, snv = subdivisions2*nv;
+          CImg<tf>::vector(svv+nu,svv+uu,snv+uu,snv+nu).move_to(primitives);
+        }
+      }
+      return vertices>'x';
+    }
+
+    //! Generate a 3d XY-plane.
+    /**
+       \param[out] primitives The returned list of the 3d object primitives
+                              (template type \e tf should be at least \e unsigned \e int).
+       \param size_x The width of the plane (dimension along the X-axis).
+       \param size_y The height of the plane (dimensions along the Y-axis).
+       \param subdivisions_x The number of planar subdivisions along the X-axis.
+       \param subdivisions_y The number of planar subdivisions along the Y-axis.
+       \return The N vertices (xi,yi,zi) of the 3d object as a Nx3 CImg<float> image (0<=i<=N-1).
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImgList<unsigned int> faces3d;
+       const CImg<float> points3d = CImg<float>::plane3d(faces3d,100,50);
+       CImg<unsigned char>().display_object3d("Plane3d",points3d,faces3d);
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_plane3d.jpg
+    **/
+    template<typename tf>
+    static CImg<floatT> plane3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                                const float size_x=100, const float size_y=100,
+                                const unsigned int subdivisions_x=10, const unsigned int subdivisions_y=10) {
+      primitives.assign();
+      if (!subdivisions_x || !subdivisions_y) return CImg<floatT>();
+      CImgList<floatT> vertices;
+      const unsigned int w = subdivisions_x + 1, h = subdivisions_y + 1;
+      const float fx = (float)size_x/w, fy = (float)size_y/h;
+      for (unsigned int y = 0; y<h; ++y) for (unsigned int x = 0; x<w; ++x)
+        CImg<floatT>::vector(fx*x,fy*y,0).move_to(vertices);
+      for (unsigned int y = 0; y<subdivisions_y; ++y) for (unsigned int x = 0; x<subdivisions_x; ++x) {
+        const int off1 = x+y*w, off2 = x+1+y*w, off3 = x+1+(y+1)*w, off4 = x+(y+1)*w;
+	CImg<tf>::vector(off1,off4,off3,off2).move_to(primitives);
+      }
+      return vertices>'x';
+    }
+
+    //! Generate a 3d sphere.
+    /**
+       \param[out] primitives The returned list of the 3d object primitives
+                              (template type \e tf should be at least \e unsigned \e int).
+       \param radius The radius of the sphere (dimension along the X-axis).
+       \param subdivisions The number of recursive subdivisions from an initial icosahedron.
+       \return The N vertices (xi,yi,zi) of the 3d object as a Nx3 CImg<float> image (0<=i<=N-1).
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImgList<unsigned int> faces3d;
+       const CImg<float> points3d = CImg<float>::sphere3d(faces3d,100,4);
+       CImg<unsigned char>().display_object3d("Sphere3d",points3d,faces3d);
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_sphere3d.jpg
+    **/
+    template<typename tf>
+    static CImg<floatT> sphere3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                                 const float radius=50, const unsigned int subdivisions=3) {
+
+      // Create initial icosahedron
+      primitives.assign();
+      const double tmp = (1+std::sqrt(5.0f))/2, a = 1.0/std::sqrt(1+tmp*tmp), b = tmp*a;
+      CImgList<floatT> vertices(12,1,3,1,1, b,a,0.0, -b,a,0.0, -b,-a,0.0, b,-a,0.0, a,0.0,b, a,0.0,-b,
+                                -a,0.0,-b, -a,0.0,b, 0.0,b,a, 0.0,-b,a, 0.0,-b,-a, 0.0,b,-a);
+      primitives.assign(20,1,3,1,1, 4,8,7, 4,7,9, 5,6,11, 5,10,6, 0,4,3, 0,3,5, 2,7,1, 2,1,6,
+                        8,0,11, 8,11,1, 9,10,3, 9,2,10, 8,4,0, 11,0,5, 4,9,3,
+                        5,3,10, 7,8,1, 6,1,11, 7,2,9, 6,10,2);
+      // edge - length/2
+      float he = (float)a;
+
+      // Recurse subdivisions
+      for (unsigned int i = 0; i<subdivisions; ++i) {
+        const unsigned int L = primitives._width;
+	he/=2;
+	const float he2 = he*he;
+        for (unsigned int l = 0; l<L; ++l) {
+          const unsigned int
+            p0 = (unsigned int)primitives(0,0), p1 = (unsigned int)primitives(0,1), p2 = (unsigned int)primitives(0,2);
+          const float
+            x0 = vertices(p0,0), y0 = vertices(p0,1), z0 = vertices(p0,2),
+            x1 = vertices(p1,0), y1 = vertices(p1,1), z1 = vertices(p1,2),
+            x2 = vertices(p2,0), y2 = vertices(p2,1), z2 = vertices(p2,2),
+            tnx0 = (x0+x1)/2, tny0 = (y0+y1)/2, tnz0 = (z0+z1)/2, nn0 = (float)std::sqrt(tnx0*tnx0+tny0*tny0+tnz0*tnz0),
+            tnx1 = (x0+x2)/2, tny1 = (y0+y2)/2, tnz1 = (z0+z2)/2, nn1 = (float)std::sqrt(tnx1*tnx1+tny1*tny1+tnz1*tnz1),
+            tnx2 = (x1+x2)/2, tny2 = (y1+y2)/2, tnz2 = (z1+z2)/2, nn2 = (float)std::sqrt(tnx2*tnx2+tny2*tny2+tnz2*tnz2),
+            nx0 = tnx0/nn0, ny0 = tny0/nn0, nz0 = tnz0/nn0,
+            nx1 = tnx1/nn1, ny1 = tny1/nn1, nz1 = tnz1/nn1,
+            nx2 = tnx2/nn2, ny2 = tny2/nn2, nz2 = tnz2/nn2;
+          int i0 = -1, i1 = -1, i2 = -1;
+          cimglist_for(vertices,p) {
+            const float x = (float)vertices(p,0), y = (float)vertices(p,1), z = (float)vertices(p,2);
+            if (cimg::sqr(x-nx0) + cimg::sqr(y-ny0) + cimg::sqr(z-nz0)<he2) i0 = p;
+            if (cimg::sqr(x-nx1) + cimg::sqr(y-ny1) + cimg::sqr(z-nz1)<he2) i1 = p;
+            if (cimg::sqr(x-nx2) + cimg::sqr(y-ny2) + cimg::sqr(z-nz2)<he2) i2 = p;
+          }
+          if (i0<0) { CImg<floatT>::vector(nx0,ny0,nz0).move_to(vertices); i0 = vertices._width - 1; }
+          if (i1<0) { CImg<floatT>::vector(nx1,ny1,nz1).move_to(vertices); i1 = vertices._width - 1; }
+          if (i2<0) { CImg<floatT>::vector(nx2,ny2,nz2).move_to(vertices); i2 = vertices._width - 1; }
+          primitives.remove(0);
+          CImg<tf>::vector(p0,i0,i1).move_to(primitives);
+          CImg<tf>::vector((tf)i0,(tf)p1,(tf)i2).move_to(primitives);
+          CImg<tf>::vector((tf)i1,(tf)i2,(tf)p2).move_to(primitives);
+          CImg<tf>::vector((tf)i1,(tf)i0,(tf)i2).move_to(primitives);
+        }
+      }
+      return (vertices>'x')*=radius;
+    }
+
+    //! Generate a 3d ellipsoid.
+    /**
+       \param[out] primitives The returned list of the 3d object primitives
+                              (template type \e tf should be at least \e unsigned \e int).
+       \param tensor The tensor which gives the shape and size of the ellipsoid.
+       \param subdivisions The number of recursive subdivisions from an initial stretched icosahedron.
+       \return The N vertices (xi,yi,zi) of the 3d object as a Nx3 CImg<float> image (0<=i<=N-1).
+       \par Example
+       \code
+       CImgList<unsigned int> faces3d;
+       const CImg<float> tensor = CImg<float>::diagonal(10,7,3),
+                         points3d = CImg<float>::ellipsoid3d(faces3d,tensor,4);
+       CImg<unsigned char>().display_object3d("Ellipsoid3d",points3d,faces3d);
+       \endcode
+       \image html ref_ellipsoid3d.jpg
+    **/
+    template<typename tf, typename t>
+    static CImg<floatT> ellipsoid3d(CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                                    const CImg<t>& tensor, const unsigned int subdivisions=3) {
+      primitives.assign();
+      if (!subdivisions) return CImg<floatT>();
+      CImg<floatT> S, V;
+      tensor.symmetric_eigen(S,V);
+      const float orient =
+        (V(0,1)*V(1,2) - V(0,2)*V(1,1))*V(2,0) +
+        (V(0,2)*V(1,0) - V(0,0)*V(1,2))*V(2,1) +
+        (V(0,0)*V(1,1) - V(0,1)*V(1,0))*V(2,2);
+      if (orient<0) { V(2,0) = -V(2,0); V(2,1) = -V(2,1); V(2,2) = -V(2,2); }
+      const float l0 = S[0], l1 = S[1], l2 = S[2];
+      CImg<floatT> vertices = sphere3d(primitives,1.0,subdivisions);
+      vertices.get_shared_row(0)*=l0;
+      vertices.get_shared_row(1)*=l1;
+      vertices.get_shared_row(2)*=l2;
+      return V*vertices;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert 3d object into a CImg3d representation.
+    /**
+       \param primitives Primitives data of the 3d object.
+       \param colors Colors data of the 3d object.
+       \param opacities Opacities data of the 3d object.
+       \param full_check Tells if full checking of the 3d object must be performed.
+    **/
+    template<typename tp, typename tc, typename to>
+    CImg<T>& object3dtoCImg3d(const CImgList<tp>& primitives,
+                              const CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                              const to& opacities,
+                              const bool full_check=true) {
+      return get_object3dtoCImg3d(primitives,colors,opacities,full_check).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Convert 3d object into a CImg3d representation \overloading.
+    template<typename tp, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& object3dtoCImg3d(const CImgList<tp>& primitives,
+                              const CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                              const bool full_check=true) {
+      return get_object3dtoCImg3d(primitives,colors,full_check).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Convert 3d object into a CImg3d representation \overloading.
+    template<typename tp>
+    CImg<T>& object3dtoCImg3d(const CImgList<tp>& primitives,
+                              const bool full_check=true) {
+      return get_object3dtoCImg3d(primitives,full_check).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Convert 3d object into a CImg3d representation \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& object3dtoCImg3d(const bool full_check=true) {
+      return get_object3dtoCImg3d(full_check).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Convert 3d object into a CImg3d representation \newinstance.
+    template<typename tp, typename tc, typename to>
+    CImg<floatT> get_object3dtoCImg3d(const CImgList<tp>& primitives,
+                                      const CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                                      const to& opacities,
+                                      const bool full_check=true) const {
+      char error_message[1024] = { 0 };
+      if (!is_object3d(primitives,colors,opacities,full_check,error_message))
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "object3dtoCImg3d(): Invalid specified 3d object (%u,%u) (%s).",
+                                    cimg_instance,_width,primitives._width,error_message);
+      CImg<floatT> res(1,_size_object3dtoCImg3d(primitives,colors,opacities));
+      float *ptrd = res._data;
+
+      // Put magick number.
+      *(ptrd++) = 'C' + 0.5f; *(ptrd++) = 'I' + 0.5f; *(ptrd++) = 'm' + 0.5f;
+      *(ptrd++) = 'g' + 0.5f; *(ptrd++) = '3' + 0.5f; *(ptrd++) = 'd' + 0.5f;
+
+      // Put number of vertices and primitives.
+      *(ptrd++) = cimg::uint2float(_width);
+      *(ptrd++) = cimg::uint2float(primitives._width);
+
+      // Put vertex data.
+      if (is_empty() || !primitives) return res;
+      const T *ptrx = data(0,0), *ptry = data(0,1), *ptrz = data(0,2);
+      cimg_forX(*this,p) {
+        *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptrx++);
+        *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptry++);
+        *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptrz++);
+      }
+
+      // Put primitive data.
+      cimglist_for(primitives,p) {
+        *(ptrd++) = (float)primitives[p].size();
+        const tp *ptrp = primitives[p]._data;
+        cimg_foroff(primitives[p],i) *(ptrd++) = cimg::uint2float((unsigned int)*(ptrp++));
+      }
+
+      // Put color/texture data.
+      const unsigned int csiz = cimg::min(colors._width,primitives._width);
+      for (int c = 0; c<(int)csiz; ++c) {
+        const CImg<tc>& color = colors[c];
+        const tc *ptrc = color._data;
+        if (color.size()==3) { *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptrc++); *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptrc++); *(ptrd++) = (float)*ptrc; }
+        else {
+          *(ptrd++) = -128.0f;
+          int shared_ind = -1;
+          if (color.is_shared()) for (int i = 0; i<c; ++i) if (ptrc==colors[i]._data) { shared_ind = i; break; }
+          if (shared_ind<0) {
+            *(ptrd++) = (float)color._width;
+            *(ptrd++) = (float)color._height;
+            *(ptrd++) = (float)color._spectrum;
+            cimg_foroff(color,l) *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptrc++);
+          } else {
+            *(ptrd++) = (float)shared_ind;
+            *(ptrd++) = 0;
+            *(ptrd++) = 0;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      const int csiz2 = primitives._width - colors._width;
+      for (int c = 0; c<csiz2; ++c) { *(ptrd++) = 200.0f; *(ptrd++) = 200.0f; *(ptrd++) = 200.0f; }
+
+      // Put opacity data.
+      ptrd = _object3dtoCImg3d(opacities,ptrd);
+      const float *ptre = res.end();
+      while (ptrd<ptre) *(ptrd++) = 1.0f;
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    template<typename to>
+    float* _object3dtoCImg3d(const CImgList<to>& opacities, float *ptrd) const {
+      cimglist_for(opacities,o) {
+        const CImg<to>& opacity = opacities[o];
+        const to *ptro = opacity._data;
+        if (opacity.size()==1) *(ptrd++) = (float)*ptro;
+        else {
+          *(ptrd++) = -128.0f;
+          int shared_ind = -1;
+          if (opacity.is_shared()) for (int i = 0; i<o; ++i) if (ptro==opacities[i]._data) { shared_ind = i; break; }
+          if (shared_ind<0) {
+            *(ptrd++) = (float)opacity._width;
+            *(ptrd++) = (float)opacity._height;
+            *(ptrd++) = (float)opacity._spectrum;
+            cimg_foroff(opacity,l) *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptro++);
+          } else {
+            *(ptrd++) = (float)shared_ind;
+            *(ptrd++) = 0;
+            *(ptrd++) = 0;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return ptrd;
+    }
+
+    template<typename to>
+    float* _object3dtoCImg3d(const CImg<to>& opacities, float *ptrd) const {
+      const to *ptro = opacities._data;
+      cimg_foroff(opacities,o) *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptro++);
+      return ptrd;
+    }
+
+    template<typename tp, typename tc, typename to>
+    unsigned int _size_object3dtoCImg3d(const CImgList<tp>& primitives,
+                                        const CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                                        const CImgList<to>& opacities) const {
+      unsigned int siz = 8 + 3*width();
+      cimglist_for(primitives,p) siz+=primitives[p].size() + 1;
+      for (int c = cimg::min(primitives._width,colors._width)-1; c>=0; --c) {
+        if (colors[c].is_shared()) siz+=4;
+        else { const unsigned int csiz = colors[c].size(); siz+=(csiz!=3)?4+csiz:3; }
+      }
+      if (colors._width<primitives._width) siz+=3*(primitives._width - colors._width);
+      cimglist_for(opacities,o) {
+        if (opacities[o].is_shared()) siz+=4;
+        else { const unsigned int osiz = opacities[o].size(); siz+=(osiz!=1)?4+osiz:1; }
+      }
+      siz+=primitives._width - opacities._width;
+      return siz;
+    }
+
+    template<typename tp, typename tc, typename to>
+    unsigned int _size_object3dtoCImg3d(const CImgList<tp>& primitives,
+                                        const CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                                        const CImg<to>& opacities) const {
+      unsigned int siz = 8 + 3*width();
+      cimglist_for(primitives,p) siz+=primitives[p].size() + 1;
+      for (int c = cimg::min(primitives._width,colors._width)-1; c>=0; --c) {
+        const unsigned int csiz = colors[c].size(); siz+=(csiz!=3)?4+csiz:3;
+      }
+      if (colors._width<primitives._width) siz+=3*(primitives._width - colors._width);
+      siz+=primitives.size();
+      cimg::unused(opacities);
+      return siz;
+    }
+
+    //! Convert 3d object into a CImg3d representation \overloading.
+    template<typename tp, typename tc>
+    CImg<floatT> get_object3dtoCImg3d(const CImgList<tp>& primitives,
+                                      const CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                                      const bool full_check=true) const {
+      CImgList<T> opacities;
+      return get_object3dtoCImg3d(primitives,colors,opacities,full_check);
+    }
+
+    //! Convert 3d object into a CImg3d representation \overloading.
+    template<typename tp>
+    CImg<floatT> get_object3dtoCImg3d(const CImgList<tp>& primitives,
+                                      const bool full_check=true) const {
+      CImgList<T> colors, opacities;
+      return get_object3dtoCImg3d(primitives,colors,opacities,full_check);
+    }
+
+    //! Convert 3d object into a CImg3d representation \overloading.
+    CImg<floatT> get_object3dtoCImg3d(const bool full_check=true) const {
+      CImgList<T> opacities, colors;
+      CImgList<uintT> primitives(width(),1,1,1,1);
+      cimglist_for(primitives,p) primitives(p,0) = p;
+      return get_object3dtoCImg3d(primitives,colors,opacities,full_check);
+    }
+
+    //! Convert CImg3d representation into a 3d object.
+    /**
+       \param[out] primitives Primitives data of the 3d object.
+       \param[out] colors Colors data of the 3d object.
+       \param[out] opacities Opacities data of the 3d object.
+       \param full_check Tells if full checking of the 3d object must be performed.
+    **/
+    template<typename tp, typename tc, typename to>
+    CImg<T>& CImg3dtoobject3d(CImgList<tp>& primitives,
+                              CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                              CImgList<to>& opacities,
+                              const bool full_check=true) {
+      return get_CImg3dtoobject3d(primitives,colors,opacities,full_check).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Convert CImg3d representation into a 3d object \newinstance.
+    template<typename tp, typename tc, typename to>
+    CImg<T> get_CImg3dtoobject3d(CImgList<tp>& primitives,
+                                 CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                                 CImgList<to>& opacities,
+                                 const bool full_check=true) const {
+      char error_message[1024] = { 0 };
+      if (!is_CImg3d(full_check,error_message))
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "CImg3dtoobject3d(): image instance is not a CImg3d (%s).",
+                                    cimg_instance,error_message);
+      const T *ptrs = _data + 6;
+      const unsigned int
+        nb_points = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++)),
+        nb_primitives = cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++));
+      const CImg<T> points = CImg<T>(ptrs,3,nb_points,1,1,true).get_transpose();
+      ptrs+=3*nb_points;
+      primitives.assign(nb_primitives);
+      cimglist_for(primitives,p) {
+        const unsigned int nb_inds = (unsigned int)*(ptrs++);
+        primitives[p].assign(1,nb_inds);
+        tp *ptrp = primitives[p]._data;
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i<nb_inds; ++i) *(ptrp++) = (tp)cimg::float2uint((float)*(ptrs++));
+      }
+      colors.assign(nb_primitives);
+      cimglist_for(colors,c) {
+        if (*ptrs==(T)-128) {
+          ++ptrs;
+          const unsigned int w = (unsigned int)*(ptrs++), h = (unsigned int)*(ptrs++), s = (unsigned int)*(ptrs++);
+          if (!h && !s) colors[c].assign(colors[w],true);
+          else { colors[c].assign(ptrs,w,h,1,s,false); ptrs+=w*h*s; }
+        } else { colors[c].assign(ptrs,1,1,1,3,false); ptrs+=3; }
+      }
+      opacities.assign(nb_primitives);
+      cimglist_for(opacities,o) {
+        if (*ptrs==(T)-128) {
+          ++ptrs;
+          const unsigned int w = (unsigned int)*(ptrs++), h = (unsigned int)*(ptrs++), s = (unsigned int)*(ptrs++);
+          if (!h && !s) opacities[o].assign(opacities[w],true);
+          else { opacities[o].assign(ptrs,w,h,1,s,false); ptrs+=w*h*s; }
+        } else opacities[o].assign(1,1,1,1,*(ptrs++));
+      }
+      return points;
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //---------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Drawing Functions
+    //@{
+    //---------------------------
+
+#define cimg_init_scanline(color,opacity) \
+    const float _sc_nopacity = cimg::abs((float)opacity), _sc_copacity = 1 - cimg::max((float)opacity,0); \
+  const unsigned long _sc_whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth
+
+#define cimg_draw_scanline(x0,x1,y,color,opacity,brightness) \
+    _draw_scanline(x0,x1,y,color,opacity,brightness,_sc_nopacity,_sc_copacity,_sc_whd)
+
+    // [internal] The following _draw_scanline() routines are *non user-friendly functions*,
+    // used only for internal purpose.
+    // Pre-requisites: x0<x1, y-coordinate is valid, col is valid.
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& _draw_scanline(const int x0, const int x1, const int y,
+                            const tc *const color, const float opacity,
+                            const float brightness,
+                            const float nopacity, const float copacity, const unsigned long whd) {
+      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
+      const int nx0 = x0>0?x0:0, nx1 = x1<width()?x1:width()-1, dx = nx1 - nx0;
+      if (dx>=0) {
+        const tc *col = color;
+        const unsigned long off = whd - dx - 1;
+        T *ptrd = data(nx0,y);
+        if (opacity>=1) { // ** Opaque drawing **
+          if (brightness==1) { // Brightness==1
+            if (sizeof(T)!=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                const T val = (T)*(col++);
+                for (int x = dx; x>=0; --x) *(ptrd++) = val;
+                ptrd+=off;
+              } else cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                const T val = (T)*(col++);
+                std::memset(ptrd,(int)val,dx+1);
+                ptrd+=whd;
+              }
+          } else if (brightness<1) { // Brightness<1
+            if (sizeof(T)!=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                const T val = (T)(*(col++)*brightness);
+                for (int x = dx; x>=0; --x) *(ptrd++) = val;
+                ptrd+=off;
+              } else cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                const T val = (T)(*(col++)*brightness);
+                std::memset(ptrd,(int)val,dx+1);
+                ptrd+=whd;
+              }
+          } else { // Brightness>1
+            if (sizeof(T)!=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                const T val = (T)((2-brightness)**(col++) + (brightness-1)*maxval);
+                for (int x = dx; x>=0; --x) *(ptrd++) = val;
+                ptrd+=off;
+              } else cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                const T val = (T)((2-brightness)**(col++) + (brightness-1)*maxval);
+                std::memset(ptrd,(int)val,dx+1);
+                ptrd+=whd;
+              }
+          }
+        } else { // ** Transparent drawing **
+          if (brightness==1) { // Brightness==1
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              const T val = (T)*(col++);
+              for (int x = dx; x>=0; --x) { *ptrd = (T)(val*nopacity + *ptrd*copacity); ++ptrd; }
+              ptrd+=off;
+            }
+          } else if (brightness<=1) { // Brightness<1
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              const T val = (T)(*(col++)*brightness);
+              for (int x = dx; x>=0; --x) { *ptrd = (T)(val*nopacity + *ptrd*copacity); ++ptrd; }
+              ptrd+=off;
+            }
+          } else { // Brightness>1
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              const T val = (T)((2-brightness)**(col++) + (brightness-1)*maxval);
+              for (int x = dx; x>=0; --x) { *ptrd = (T)(val*nopacity + *ptrd*copacity); ++ptrd; }
+              ptrd+=off;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a 3d point.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the point.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the point.
+       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the point.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \note
+       - To set pixel values without clipping needs, you should use the faster CImg::operator()() function.
+       \par Example:
+       \code
+       CImg<unsigned char> img(100,100,1,3,0);
+       const unsigned char color[] = { 255,128,64 };
+       img.draw_point(50,50,color);
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_point(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0,
+                        const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (!color)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_point(): Specified color is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (x0>=0 && y0>=0 && z0>=0 && x0<width() && y0<height() && z0<depth()) {
+        const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+        const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+        T *ptrd = data(x0,y0,z0,0);
+        const tc *col = color;
+        if (opacity>=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)*(col++); ptrd+=whd; }
+        else cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*(col++)*nopacity + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=whd; }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a 2d point \simplification.
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_point(const int x0, const int y0,
+                        const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
+      return draw_point(x0,y0,0,color,opacity);
+    }
+
+    // Draw a points cloud.
+    /**
+       \param points Image of vertices coordinates.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+    **/
+    template<typename t, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_point(const CImg<t>& points,
+                        const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
+      if (is_empty() || !points) return *this;
+      switch (points._height) {
+      case 0 : case 1 :
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_point(): Invalid specified point set (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    points._width,points._height,points._depth,points._spectrum,points._data);
+      case 2 : {
+        cimg_forX(points,i) draw_point((int)points(i,0),(int)points(i,1),color,opacity);
+      } break;
+      default : {
+        cimg_forX(points,i) draw_point((int)points(i,0),(int)points(i,1),(int)points(i,2),color,opacity);
+      }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a 2d line.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting line point.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting line point.
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending line point.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending line point.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the line pattern.
+       \param init_hatch Tells if a reinitialization of the hash state must be done.
+       \note
+       - Line routine uses Bresenham's algorithm.
+       - Set \p init_hatch = false to draw consecutive hatched segments without breaking the line pattern.
+       \par Example:
+       \code
+       CImg<unsigned char> img(100,100,1,3,0);
+       const unsigned char color[] = { 255,128,64 };
+        img.draw_line(40,40,80,70,color);
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_line(const int x0, const int y0,
+                       const int x1, const int y1,
+                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
+                       const unsigned int pattern=~0U, const bool init_hatch=true) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (!color)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_line(): Specified color is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      static unsigned int hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
+      if (init_hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
+      const bool xdir = x0<x1, ydir = y0<y1;
+      int
+	nx0 = x0, nx1 = x1, ny0 = y0, ny1 = y1,
+	&xleft = xdir?nx0:nx1, &yleft = xdir?ny0:ny1,
+        &xright = xdir?nx1:nx0, &yright = xdir?ny1:ny0,
+	&xup = ydir?nx0:nx1, &yup = ydir?ny0:ny1,
+        &xdown = ydir?nx1:nx0, &ydown = ydir?ny1:ny0;
+      if (xright<0 || xleft>=width()) return *this;
+      if (xleft<0) { yleft-=(int)((float)xleft*((float)yright - yleft)/((float)xright - xleft)); xleft = 0; }
+      if (xright>=width()) {
+        yright-=(int)(((float)xright - width())*((float)yright - yleft)/((float)xright - xleft));
+        xright = width() - 1;
+      }
+      if (ydown<0 || yup>=height()) return *this;
+      if (yup<0) { xup-=(int)((float)yup*((float)xdown - xup)/((float)ydown - yup)); yup = 0; }
+      if (ydown>=height()) {
+        xdown-=(int)(((float)ydown - height())*((float)xdown - xup)/((float)ydown - yup));
+        ydown = height() - 1;
+      }
+      T *ptrd0 = data(nx0,ny0);
+      int dx = xright - xleft, dy = ydown - yup;
+      const bool steep = dy>dx;
+      if (steep) cimg::swap(nx0,ny0,nx1,ny1,dx,dy);
+      const long
+        offx = (nx0<nx1?1:-1)*(steep?width():1),
+        offy = (ny0<ny1?1:-1)*(steep?1:width());
+      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height;
+      if (opacity>=1) {
+        if (~pattern) for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
+          if (pattern&hatch) {
+            T *ptrd = ptrd0; const tc* col = color;
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)*(col++); ptrd+=wh; }
+          }
+          hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
+          ptrd0+=offx;
+          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
+        } else for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
+          T *ptrd = ptrd0; const tc* col = color; cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)*(col++); ptrd+=wh; }
+          ptrd0+=offx;
+          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
+        }
+      } else {
+        const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+        if (~pattern) for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
+          if (pattern&hatch) {
+            T *ptrd = ptrd0; const tc* col = color;
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity**(col++) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=wh; }
+          }
+          hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
+          ptrd0+=offx;
+          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
+        } else for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
+          T *ptrd = ptrd0; const tc* col = color;
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity**(col++) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=wh; }
+          ptrd0+=offx;
+          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a 2d line, with z-buffering.
+    /**
+       \param zbuffer Zbuffer image.
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting point.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting point.
+       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the starting point
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending point.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending point.
+       \param z1 Z-coordinate of the ending point.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the line pattern.
+       \param init_hatch Tells if a reinitialization of the hash state must be done.
+    **/
+    template<typename tz,typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_line(CImg<tz>& zbuffer,
+                       const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
+                       const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
+                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
+                       const unsigned int pattern=~0U, const bool init_hatch=true) {
+      typedef typename cimg::superset<tz,float>::type tzfloat;
+      if (is_empty() || z0<=0 || z1<=0) return *this;
+      if (!color)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_line(): Specified color is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (!is_sameXY(zbuffer))
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_line(): Instance and specified Z-buffer (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
+                                    "different dimensions.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    zbuffer._width,zbuffer._height,zbuffer._depth,zbuffer._spectrum,zbuffer._data);
+      static unsigned int hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
+      if (init_hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
+      const bool xdir = x0<x1, ydir = y0<y1;
+      int
+        nx0 = x0, nx1 = x1, ny0 = y0, ny1 = y1,
+        &xleft = xdir?nx0:nx1, &yleft = xdir?ny0:ny1,
+        &xright = xdir?nx1:nx0, &yright = xdir?ny1:ny0,
+        &xup = ydir?nx0:nx1, &yup = ydir?ny0:ny1,
+        &xdown = ydir?nx1:nx0, &ydown = ydir?ny1:ny0;
+      tzfloat
+        Z0 = 1/(tzfloat)z0, Z1 = 1/(tzfloat)z1, nz0 = Z0, nz1 = Z1, dz = Z1 - Z0,
+        &zleft = xdir?nz0:nz1,
+        &zright = xdir?nz1:nz0,
+        &zup = ydir?nz0:nz1,
+        &zdown = ydir?nz1:nz0;
+      if (xright<0 || xleft>=width()) return *this;
+      if (xleft<0) {
+        const float D = (float)xright - xleft;
+        yleft-=(int)((float)xleft*((float)yright - yleft)/D);
+        zleft-=(tzfloat)xleft*(zright - zleft)/D;
+        xleft = 0;
+      }
+      if (xright>=width()) {
+        const float d = (float)xright - width(), D = (float)xright - xleft;
+        yright-=(int)(d*((float)yright - yleft)/D);
+        zright-=(tzfloat)d*(zright - zleft)/D;
+        xright = width() - 1;
+      }
+      if (ydown<0 || yup>=height()) return *this;
+      if (yup<0) {
+        const float D = (float)ydown - yup;
+        xup-=(int)((float)yup*((float)xdown - xup)/D);
+        zup-=(tzfloat)yup*(zdown - zup)/D;
+        yup = 0;
+      }
+      if (ydown>=height()) {
+        const float d = (float)ydown - height(), D = (float)ydown - yup;
+        xdown-=(int)(d*((float)xdown - xup)/D);
+        zdown-=(tzfloat)d*(zdown - zup)/D;
+        ydown = height() - 1;
+      }
+      T *ptrd0 = data(nx0,ny0);
+      tz *ptrz = zbuffer.data(nx0,ny0);
+      int dx = xright - xleft, dy = ydown - yup;
+      const bool steep = dy>dx;
+      if (steep) cimg::swap(nx0,ny0,nx1,ny1,dx,dy);
+      const long
+        offx = (nx0<nx1?1:-1)*(steep?width():1),
+        offy = (ny0<ny1?1:-1)*(steep?1:width());
+      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height,
+        ndx = dx>0?dx:1;
+      if (opacity>=1) {
+        if (~pattern) for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
+          const tzfloat z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx;
+          if (z>=(tzfloat)*ptrz && pattern&hatch) {
+            *ptrz = (tz)z;
+            T *ptrd = ptrd0; const tc *col = color;
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)*(col++); ptrd+=wh; }
+          }
+          hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
+          ptrd0+=offx; ptrz+=offx;
+          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; ptrz+=offy; error+=dx; }
+        } else for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
+          const tzfloat z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx;
+          if (z>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+            *ptrz = (tz)z;
+            T *ptrd = ptrd0; const tc *col = color;
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)*(col++); ptrd+=wh; }
+          }
+          ptrd0+=offx; ptrz+=offx;
+          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; ptrz+=offy; error+=dx; }
+        }
+      } else {
+        const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+        if (~pattern) for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
+          const tzfloat z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx;
+          if (z>=(tzfloat)*ptrz && pattern&hatch) {
+            *ptrz = (tz)z;
+            T *ptrd = ptrd0; const tc *col = color;
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity**(col++) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=wh; }
+          }
+          hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
+          ptrd0+=offx; ptrz+=offx;
+          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; ptrz+=offy; error+=dx; }
+        } else for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
+          const tzfloat z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx;
+          if (z>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+            *ptrz = (tz)z;
+            T *ptrd = ptrd0; const tc *col = color;
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity**(col++) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=wh; }
+          }
+          ptrd0+=offx; ptrz+=offx;
+          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; ptrz+=offy; error+=dx; }
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a 3d line.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting point.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting point.
+       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the starting point
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending point.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending point.
+       \param z1 Z-coordinate of the ending point.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the line pattern.
+       \param init_hatch Tells if a reinitialization of the hash state must be done.
+    **/
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_line(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0,
+                       const int x1, const int y1, const int z1,
+                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
+                       const unsigned int pattern=~0U, const bool init_hatch=true) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (!color)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_line(): Specified color is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      static unsigned int hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
+      if (init_hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
+      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nz0 = z0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nz1 = z1;
+      if (nx0>nx1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,nz0,nz1);
+      if (nx1<0 || nx0>=width()) return *this;
+      if (nx0<0) {
+        const float D = 1.0f + nx1 - nx0;
+        ny0-=(int)((float)nx0*(1.0f + ny1 - ny0)/D);
+        nz0-=(int)((float)nx0*(1.0f + nz1 - nz0)/D);
+        nx0 = 0;
+      }
+      if (nx1>=width()) {
+        const float d = (float)nx1 - width(), D = 1.0f + nx1 - nx0;
+        ny1+=(int)(d*(1.0f + ny0 - ny1)/D);
+        nz1+=(int)(d*(1.0f + nz0 - nz1)/D);
+        nx1 = width() - 1;
+      }
+      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,nz0,nz1);
+      if (ny1<0 || ny0>=height()) return *this;
+      if (ny0<0) {
+        const float D = 1.0f + ny1 - ny0;
+        nx0-=(int)((float)ny0*(1.0f + nx1 - nx0)/D);
+        nz0-=(int)((float)ny0*(1.0f + nz1 - nz0)/D);
+        ny0 = 0;
+      }
+      if (ny1>=height()) {
+        const float d = (float)ny1 - height(), D = 1.0f + ny1 - ny0;
+        nx1+=(int)(d*(1.0f + nx0 - nx1)/D);
+        nz1+=(int)(d*(1.0f + nz0 - nz1)/D);
+        ny1 = height() - 1;
+      }
+      if (nz0>nz1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,nz0,nz1);
+      if (nz1<0 || nz0>=depth()) return *this;
+      if (nz0<0) {
+        const float D = 1.0f + nz1 - nz0;
+        nx0-=(int)((float)nz0*(1.0f + nx1 - nx0)/D);
+        ny0-=(int)((float)nz0*(1.0f + ny1 - ny0)/D);
+        nz0 = 0;
+      }
+      if (nz1>=depth()) {
+        const float d = (float)nz1 - depth(), D = 1.0f + nz1 - nz0;
+        nx1+=(int)(d*(1.0f + nx0 - nx1)/D);
+        ny1+=(int)(d*(1.0f + ny0 - ny1)/D);
+        nz1 = depth() - 1;
+      }
+      const unsigned int dmax = cimg::max(cimg::abs(nx1 - nx0),cimg::abs(ny1 - ny0),nz1 - nz0);
+      const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+      const float px = (nx1 - nx0)/(float)dmax, py = (ny1 - ny0)/(float)dmax, pz = (nz1 - nz0)/(float)dmax;
+      float x = (float)nx0, y = (float)ny0, z = (float)nz0;
+      if (opacity>=1) for (unsigned int t = 0; t<=dmax; ++t) {
+        if (!(~pattern) || (~pattern && pattern&hatch)) {
+          T* ptrd = data((unsigned int)x,(unsigned int)y,(unsigned int)z);
+          const tc *col = color; cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)*(col++); ptrd+=whd; }
+        }
+        x+=px; y+=py; z+=pz; if (pattern) { hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1); }
+      } else {
+        const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+        for (unsigned int t = 0; t<=dmax; ++t) {
+          if (!(~pattern) || (~pattern && pattern&hatch)) {
+            T* ptrd = data((unsigned int)x,(unsigned int)y,(unsigned int)z);
+            const tc *col = color; cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*(col++)*nopacity + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=whd; }
+          }
+          x+=px; y+=py; z+=pz; if (pattern) { hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1); }
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a textured 2d line.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting line point.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting line point.
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending line point.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending line point.
+       \param texture Texture image defining the pixel colors.
+       \param tx0 X-coordinate of the starting texture point.
+       \param ty0 Y-coordinate of the starting texture point.
+       \param tx1 X-coordinate of the ending texture point.
+       \param ty1 Y-coordinate of the ending texture point.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the line pattern.
+       \param init_hatch Tells if the hash variable must be reinitialized.
+       \note
+       - Line routine uses the well known Bresenham's algorithm.
+       \par Example:
+       \code
+       CImg<unsigned char> img(100,100,1,3,0), texture("texture256x256.ppm");
+       const unsigned char color[] = { 255,128,64 };
+       img.draw_line(40,40,80,70,texture,0,0,255,255);
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_line(const int x0, const int y0,
+                       const int x1, const int y1,
+                       const CImg<tc>& texture,
+                       const int tx0, const int ty0,
+                       const int tx1, const int ty1,
+                       const float opacity=1,
+                       const unsigned int pattern=~0U, const bool init_hatch=true) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_line(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
+      if (is_overlapped(texture)) return draw_line(x0,y0,x1,y1,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,opacity,pattern,init_hatch);
+      static unsigned int hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
+      if (init_hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
+      const bool xdir = x0<x1, ydir = y0<y1;
+      int
+        dtx = tx1-tx0, dty = ty1-ty0,
+        nx0 = x0, nx1 = x1, ny0 = y0, ny1 = y1,
+        tnx0 = tx0, tnx1 = tx1, tny0 = ty0, tny1 = ty1,
+        &xleft = xdir?nx0:nx1, &yleft = xdir?ny0:ny1, &xright = xdir?nx1:nx0, &yright = xdir?ny1:ny0,
+        &txleft = xdir?tnx0:tnx1, &tyleft = xdir?tny0:tny1, &txright = xdir?tnx1:tnx0, &tyright = xdir?tny1:tny0,
+        &xup = ydir?nx0:nx1, &yup = ydir?ny0:ny1, &xdown = ydir?nx1:nx0, &ydown = ydir?ny1:ny0,
+        &txup = ydir?tnx0:tnx1, &tyup = ydir?tny0:tny1, &txdown = ydir?tnx1:tnx0, &tydown = ydir?tny1:tny0;
+      if (xright<0 || xleft>=width()) return *this;
+      if (xleft<0) {
+        const float D = (float)xright - xleft;
+        yleft-=(int)((float)xleft*((float)yright - yleft)/D);
+        txleft-=(int)((float)xleft*((float)txright - txleft)/D);
+        tyleft-=(int)((float)xleft*((float)tyright - tyleft)/D);
+        xleft = 0;
+      }
+      if (xright>=width()) {
+        const float d = (float)xright - width(), D = (float)xright - xleft;
+        yright-=(int)(d*((float)yright - yleft)/D);
+        txright-=(int)(d*((float)txright - txleft)/D);
+        tyright-=(int)(d*((float)tyright - tyleft)/D);
+        xright = width() - 1;
+      }
+      if (ydown<0 || yup>=height()) return *this;
+      if (yup<0) {
+        const float D = (float)ydown - yup;
+        xup-=(int)((float)yup*((float)xdown - xup)/D);
+        txup-=(int)((float)yup*((float)txdown - txup)/D);
+        tyup-=(int)((float)yup*((float)tydown - tyup)/D);
+        yup = 0;
+      }
+      if (ydown>=height()) {
+        const float d = (float)ydown - height(), D = (float)ydown - yup;
+        xdown-=(int)(d*((float)xdown - xup)/D);
+        txdown-=(int)(d*((float)txdown - txup)/D);
+        tydown-=(int)(d*((float)tydown - tyup)/D);
+        ydown = height() - 1;
+      }
+      T *ptrd0 = data(nx0,ny0);
+      int dx = xright - xleft, dy = ydown - yup;
+      const bool steep = dy>dx;
+      if (steep) cimg::swap(nx0,ny0,nx1,ny1,dx,dy);
+      const long
+        offx = (nx0<nx1?1:-1)*(steep?width():1),
+        offy = (ny0<ny1?1:-1)*(steep?1:width()),
+        ndx = dx>0?dx:1;
+      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height;
+
+      if (opacity>=1) {
+        if (~pattern) for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
+          if (pattern&hatch) {
+            T *ptrd = ptrd0;
+            const int tx = tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)texture(tx,ty,0,c); ptrd+=wh; }
+          }
+          hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
+          ptrd0+=offx;
+          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
+        } else for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
+          T *ptrd = ptrd0;
+          const int tx = tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)texture(tx,ty,0,c); ptrd+=wh; }
+          ptrd0+=offx;
+          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
+        }
+      } else {
+        const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+        if (~pattern) for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
+          T *ptrd = ptrd0;
+          if (pattern&hatch) {
+            const int tx = tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*texture(tx,ty,0,c) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=wh; }
+          }
+          hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
+          ptrd0+=offx;
+          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
+        } else for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
+          T *ptrd = ptrd0;
+          const int tx = tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*texture(tx,ty,0,c) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=wh; }
+          ptrd0+=offx;
+          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a textured 2d line, with perspective correction.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting point.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting point.
+       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the starting point
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending point.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending point.
+       \param z1 Z-coordinate of the ending point.
+       \param texture Texture image defining the pixel colors.
+       \param tx0 X-coordinate of the starting texture point.
+       \param ty0 Y-coordinate of the starting texture point.
+       \param tx1 X-coordinate of the ending texture point.
+       \param ty1 Y-coordinate of the ending texture point.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the line pattern.
+       \param init_hatch Tells if the hash variable must be reinitialized.
+    **/
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_line(const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
+                       const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
+                       const CImg<tc>& texture,
+                       const int tx0, const int ty0,
+                       const int tx1, const int ty1,
+                       const float opacity=1,
+                       const unsigned int pattern=~0U, const bool init_hatch=true) {
+      if (is_empty() && z0<=0 && z1<=0) return *this;
+      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_line(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
+      if (is_overlapped(texture))
+        return draw_line(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,opacity,pattern,init_hatch);
+      static unsigned int hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
+      if (init_hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
+      const bool xdir = x0<x1, ydir = y0<y1;
+      int
+        nx0 = x0, nx1 = x1, ny0 = y0, ny1 = y1,
+        &xleft = xdir?nx0:nx1, &yleft = xdir?ny0:ny1,
+        &xright = xdir?nx1:nx0, &yright = xdir?ny1:ny0,
+        &xup = ydir?nx0:nx1, &yup = ydir?ny0:ny1,
+        &xdown = ydir?nx1:nx0, &ydown = ydir?ny1:ny0;
+      float
+        Tx0 = tx0/z0, Tx1 = tx1/z1,
+        Ty0 = ty0/z0, Ty1 = ty1/z1,
+        Z0 = 1/z0, Z1 = 1/z1,
+        dz = Z1 - Z0, dtx = Tx1 - Tx0, dty = Ty1 - Ty0,
+        tnx0 = Tx0, tnx1 = Tx1, tny0 = Ty0, tny1 = Ty1, nz0 = Z0, nz1 = Z1,
+        &zleft = xdir?nz0:nz1, &txleft = xdir?tnx0:tnx1, &tyleft = xdir?tny0:tny1,
+        &zright = xdir?nz1:nz0, &txright = xdir?tnx1:tnx0, &tyright = xdir?tny1:tny0,
+        &zup = ydir?nz0:nz1, &txup = ydir?tnx0:tnx1, &tyup = ydir?tny0:tny1,
+        &zdown = ydir?nz1:nz0, &txdown = ydir?tnx1:tnx0, &tydown = ydir?tny1:tny0;
+      if (xright<0 || xleft>=width()) return *this;
+      if (xleft<0) {
+        const float D = (float)xright - xleft;
+        yleft-=(int)((float)xleft*((float)yright - yleft)/D);
+        zleft-=(float)xleft*(zright - zleft)/D;
+        txleft-=(float)xleft*(txright - txleft)/D;
+        tyleft-=(float)xleft*(tyright - tyleft)/D;
+        xleft = 0;
+      }
+      if (xright>=width()) {
+        const float d = (float)xright - width(), D = (float)xright - xleft;
+        yright-=(int)(d*((float)yright - yleft)/D);
+        zright-=d*(zright - zleft)/D;
+        txright-=d*(txright - txleft)/D;
+        tyright-=d*(tyright - tyleft)/D;
+        xright = width() - 1;
+      }
+      if (ydown<0 || yup>=height()) return *this;
+      if (yup<0) {
+        const float D = (float)ydown - yup;
+        xup-=(int)((float)yup*((float)xdown - xup)/D);
+        zup-=(float)yup*(zdown - zup)/D;
+        txup-=(float)yup*(txdown - txup)/D;
+        tyup-=(float)yup*(tydown - tyup)/D;
+        yup = 0;
+      }
+      if (ydown>=height()) {
+        const float d = (float)ydown - height(), D = (float)ydown - yup;
+        xdown-=(int)(d*((float)xdown - xup)/D);
+        zdown-=d*(zdown - zup)/D;
+        txdown-=d*(txdown - txup)/D;
+        tydown-=d*(tydown - tyup)/D;
+        ydown = height() - 1;
+      }
+      T *ptrd0 = data(nx0,ny0);
+      int dx = xright - xleft, dy = ydown - yup;
+      const bool steep = dy>dx;
+      if (steep) cimg::swap(nx0,ny0,nx1,ny1,dx,dy);
+      const long
+        offx = (nx0<nx1?1:-1)*(steep?width():1),
+        offy = (ny0<ny1?1:-1)*(steep?1:width()),
+        ndx = dx>0?dx:1;
+      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height;
+
+      if (opacity>=1) {
+        if (~pattern) for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
+          if (pattern&hatch) {
+            const float z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx, tx = Tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = Ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
+            T *ptrd = ptrd0; cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)texture((int)(tx/z),(int)(ty/z),0,c); ptrd+=wh; }
+          }
+          hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
+          ptrd0+=offx;
+          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
+        } else for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
+          const float z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx, tx = Tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = Ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
+          T *ptrd = ptrd0; cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)texture((int)(tx/z),(int)(ty/z),0,c); ptrd+=wh; }
+          ptrd0+=offx;
+          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
+        }
+      } else {
+        const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+        if (~pattern) for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
+          if (pattern&hatch) {
+            const float z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx, tx = Tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = Ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
+            T *ptrd = ptrd0;
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*texture((int)(tx/z),(int)(ty/z),0,c) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=wh;
+            }
+          }
+          hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
+          ptrd0+=offx;
+          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
+        } else for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
+          const float z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx, tx = Tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = Ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
+          T *ptrd = ptrd0;
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*texture((int)(tx/z),(int)(ty/z),0,c) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=wh; }
+          ptrd0+=offx;
+          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; error+=dx; }
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a textured 2d line, with perspective correction and z-buffering.
+    /**
+       \param zbuffer Z-buffer image.
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting point.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting point.
+       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the starting point
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending point.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending point.
+       \param z1 Z-coordinate of the ending point.
+       \param texture Texture image defining the pixel colors.
+       \param tx0 X-coordinate of the starting texture point.
+       \param ty0 Y-coordinate of the starting texture point.
+       \param tx1 X-coordinate of the ending texture point.
+       \param ty1 Y-coordinate of the ending texture point.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the line pattern.
+       \param init_hatch Tells if the hash variable must be reinitialized.
+    **/
+    template<typename tz, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_line(CImg<tz>& zbuffer,
+                       const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
+                       const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
+                       const CImg<tc>& texture,
+                       const int tx0, const int ty0,
+                       const int tx1, const int ty1,
+                       const float opacity=1,
+                       const unsigned int pattern=~0U, const bool init_hatch=true) {
+      typedef typename cimg::superset<tz,float>::type tzfloat;
+      if (is_empty() || z0<=0 || z1<=0) return *this;
+      if (!is_sameXY(zbuffer))
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_line(): Instance and specified Z-buffer (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
+                                    "different dimensions.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    zbuffer._width,zbuffer._height,zbuffer._depth,zbuffer._spectrum,zbuffer._data);
+      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_line(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
+      if (is_overlapped(texture))
+        return draw_line(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,opacity,pattern,init_hatch);
+      static unsigned int hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
+      if (init_hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
+      const bool xdir = x0<x1, ydir = y0<y1;
+      int
+        nx0 = x0, nx1 = x1, ny0 = y0, ny1 = y1,
+        &xleft = xdir?nx0:nx1, &yleft = xdir?ny0:ny1,
+        &xright = xdir?nx1:nx0, &yright = xdir?ny1:ny0,
+        &xup = ydir?nx0:nx1, &yup = ydir?ny0:ny1,
+        &xdown = ydir?nx1:nx0, &ydown = ydir?ny1:ny0;
+      float
+        Tx0 = tx0/z0, Tx1 = tx1/z1,
+        Ty0 = ty0/z0, Ty1 = ty1/z1,
+        dtx = Tx1 - Tx0, dty = Ty1 - Ty0,
+        tnx0 = Tx0, tnx1 = Tx1, tny0 = Ty0, tny1 = Ty1,
+        &txleft = xdir?tnx0:tnx1, &tyleft = xdir?tny0:tny1,
+        &txright = xdir?tnx1:tnx0, &tyright = xdir?tny1:tny0,
+        &txup = ydir?tnx0:tnx1, &tyup = ydir?tny0:tny1,
+        &txdown = ydir?tnx1:tnx0, &tydown = ydir?tny1:tny0;
+      tzfloat
+        Z0 = 1/(tzfloat)z0, Z1 = 1/(tzfloat)z1,
+        dz = Z1 - Z0,  nz0 = Z0, nz1 = Z1,
+        &zleft = xdir?nz0:nz1,
+        &zright = xdir?nz1:nz0,
+        &zup = ydir?nz0:nz1,
+        &zdown = ydir?nz1:nz0;
+      if (xright<0 || xleft>=width()) return *this;
+      if (xleft<0) {
+        const float D = (float)xright - xleft;
+        yleft-=(int)((float)xleft*((float)yright - yleft)/D);
+        zleft-=(float)xleft*(zright - zleft)/D;
+        txleft-=(float)xleft*(txright - txleft)/D;
+        tyleft-=(float)xleft*(tyright - tyleft)/D;
+        xleft = 0;
+      }
+      if (xright>=width()) {
+        const float d = (float)xright - width(), D = (float)xright - xleft;
+        yright-=(int)(d*((float)yright - yleft)/D);
+        zright-=d*(zright - zleft)/D;
+        txright-=d*(txright - txleft)/D;
+        tyright-=d*(tyright - tyleft)/D;
+        xright = width()-1;
+      }
+      if (ydown<0 || yup>=height()) return *this;
+      if (yup<0) {
+        const float D = (float)ydown - yup;
+        xup-=(int)((float)yup*((float)xdown - xup)/D);
+        zup-=yup*(zdown - zup)/D;
+        txup-=yup*(txdown - txup)/D;
+        tyup-=yup*(tydown - tyup)/D;
+        yup = 0;
+      }
+      if (ydown>=height()) {
+        const float d = (float)ydown - height(), D = (float)ydown - yup;
+        xdown-=(int)(d*((float)xdown - xup)/D);
+        zdown-=d*(zdown - zup)/D;
+        txdown-=d*(txdown - txup)/D;
+        tydown-=d*(tydown - tyup)/D;
+        ydown = height()-1;
+      }
+      T *ptrd0 = data(nx0,ny0);
+      tz *ptrz = zbuffer.data(nx0,ny0);
+      int dx = xright - xleft, dy = ydown - yup;
+      const bool steep = dy>dx;
+      if (steep) cimg::swap(nx0,ny0,nx1,ny1,dx,dy);
+      const long
+        offx = (nx0<nx1?1:-1)*(steep?width():1),
+        offy = (ny0<ny1?1:-1)*(steep?1:width()),
+        ndx = dx>0?dx:1;
+      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height;
+
+      if (opacity>=1) {
+        if (~pattern) for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
+          if (pattern&hatch) {
+            const tzfloat z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx;
+            if (z>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+              *ptrz = (tz)z;
+              const float tx = Tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = Ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
+              T *ptrd = ptrd0; cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)texture((int)(tx/z),(int)(ty/z),0,c); ptrd+=wh; }
+            }
+          }
+          hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
+          ptrd0+=offx; ptrz+=offx;
+          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; ptrz+=offy; error+=dx; }
+        } else for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
+          const tzfloat z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx;
+          if (z>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+            *ptrz = (tz)z;
+            const float tx = Tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = Ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
+            T *ptrd = ptrd0; cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)texture((int)(tx/z),(int)(ty/z),0,c); ptrd+=wh; }
+          }
+          ptrd0+=offx; ptrz+=offx;
+          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; ptrz+=offy; error+=dx; }
+        }
+      } else {
+        const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+        if (~pattern) for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
+          if (pattern&hatch) {
+            const tzfloat z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx;
+            if (z>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+              *ptrz = (tz)z;
+              const float tx = Tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = Ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
+              T *ptrd = ptrd0;
+              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*texture((int)(tx/z),(int)(ty/z),0,c) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=wh;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          hatch>>=1; if (!hatch) hatch = ~0U - (~0U>>1);
+          ptrd0+=offx; ptrz+=offx;
+          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; ptrz+=offy; error+=dx; }
+        } else for (int error = dx>>1, x = 0; x<=dx; ++x) {
+          const tzfloat z = Z0 + x*dz/ndx;
+          if (z>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+            *ptrz = (tz)z;
+            const float tx = Tx0 + x*dtx/ndx, ty = Ty0 + x*dty/ndx;
+            T *ptrd = ptrd0;
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*texture((int)(tx/z),(int)(ty/z),0,c) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=wh;
+            }
+          }
+          ptrd0+=offx; ptrz+=offx;
+          if ((error-=dy)<0) { ptrd0+=offy; ptrz+=offy; error+=dx; }
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a set of consecutive lines.
+    /**
+       \param points Coordinates of vertices, stored as a list of vectors.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the line pattern.
+       \param init_hatch If set to true, init hatch motif.
+       \note
+       - This function uses several call to the single CImg::draw_line() procedure,
+       depending on the vectors size in \p points.
+    **/
+    template<typename t, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_line(const CImg<t>& points,
+                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
+                       const unsigned int pattern=~0U, const bool init_hatch=true) {
+      if (is_empty() || !points || points._width<2) return *this;
+      bool ninit_hatch = init_hatch;
+      switch (points._height) {
+      case 0 : case 1 :
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_line(): Invalid specified point set (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    points._width,points._height,points._depth,points._spectrum,points._data);
+
+      case 2 : {
+        const int x0 = (int)points(0,0), y0 = (int)points(0,1);
+        int ox = x0, oy = y0;
+        for (unsigned int i = 1; i<points._width; ++i) {
+          const int x = (int)points(i,0), y = (int)points(i,1);
+          draw_line(ox,oy,x,y,color,opacity,pattern,ninit_hatch);
+          ninit_hatch = false;
+          ox = x; oy = y;
+        }
+      } break;
+      default : {
+        const int x0 = (int)points(0,0), y0 = (int)points(0,1), z0 = (int)points(0,2);
+        int ox = x0, oy = y0, oz = z0;
+        for (unsigned int i = 1; i<points._width; ++i) {
+          const int x = (int)points(i,0), y = (int)points(i,1), z = (int)points(i,2);
+          draw_line(ox,oy,oz,x,y,z,color,opacity,pattern,ninit_hatch);
+          ninit_hatch = false;
+          ox = x; oy = y; oz = z;
+        }
+      }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a 2d arrow.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting arrow point (tail).
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting arrow point (tail).
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending arrow point (head).
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending arrow point (head).
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
+       \param angle Aperture angle of the arrow head.
+       \param length Length of the arrow head. If negative, describes a percentage of the arrow length.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the line pattern.
+    **/
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_arrow(const int x0, const int y0,
+                        const int x1, const int y1,
+                        const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
+                        const float angle=30, const float length=-10,
+                        const unsigned int pattern=~0U) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const float u = (float)(x0 - x1), v = (float)(y0 - y1), sq = u*u + v*v,
+        deg = (float)(angle*cimg::PI/180), ang = (sq>0)?(float)std::atan2(v,u):0.0f,
+        l = (length>=0)?length:-length*(float)std::sqrt(sq)/100;
+      if (sq>0) {
+        const float
+            cl = (float)std::cos(ang - deg), sl = (float)std::sin(ang - deg),
+            cr = (float)std::cos(ang + deg), sr = (float)std::sin(ang + deg);
+        const int
+          xl = x1 + (int)(l*cl), yl = y1 + (int)(l*sl),
+          xr = x1 + (int)(l*cr), yr = y1 + (int)(l*sr),
+          xc = x1 + (int)((l+1)*(cl+cr))/2, yc = y1 + (int)((l+1)*(sl+sr))/2;
+        draw_line(x0,y0,xc,yc,color,opacity,pattern).draw_triangle(x1,y1,xl,yl,xr,yr,color,opacity);
+      } else draw_point(x0,y0,color,opacity);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a 2d spline.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting curve point
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting curve point
+       \param u0 X-coordinate of the starting velocity
+       \param v0 Y-coordinate of the starting velocity
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending curve point
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending curve point
+       \param u1 X-coordinate of the ending velocity
+       \param v1 Y-coordinate of the ending velocity
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
+       \param precision Curve drawing precision.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the line pattern.
+       \param init_hatch If \c true, init hatch motif.
+       \note
+       - The curve is a 2d cubic Bezier spline, from the set of specified starting/ending points
+       and corresponding velocity vectors.
+       - The spline is drawn as a serie of connected segments. The \p precision parameter sets the
+       average number of pixels in each drawn segment.
+       - A cubic Bezier curve is sometimes defined by a set of 4 points { (\p x0,\p y0), (\p xa,\p ya),
+         (\p xb,\p yb), (\p x1,\p y1) } where (\p x0,\p y0) is the starting point, (\p x1,\p y1) is the ending point
+         and (\p xa,\p ya), (\p xb,\p yb) are two
+       \e control points.
+       The starting and ending velocities (\p u0,\p v0) and (\p u1,\p v1) can be deduced easily from
+       the control points as
+       \p u0 = (\p xa - \p x0), \p v0 = (\p ya - \p y0), \p u1 = (\p x1 - \p xb) and \p v1 = (\p y1 - \p yb).
+       \par Example:
+       \code
+       CImg<unsigned char> img(100,100,1,3,0);
+       const unsigned char color[] = { 255,255,255 };
+       img.draw_spline(30,30,0,100,90,40,0,-100,color);
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_spline(const int x0, const int y0, const float u0, const float v0,
+                         const int x1, const int y1, const float u1, const float v1,
+                         const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
+                         const float precision=0.25, const unsigned int pattern=~0U,
+                         const bool init_hatch=true) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (!color)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_spline(): Specified color is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (x0==x1 && y0==y1) return draw_point(x0,y0,color,opacity);
+      bool ninit_hatch = init_hatch;
+      const float
+        ax = u0 + u1 + 2*(x0 - x1),
+        bx = 3*(x1 - x0) - 2*u0 - u1,
+        ay = v0 + v1 + 2*(y0 - y1),
+        by = 3*(y1 - y0) - 2*v0 - v1,
+        _precision = 1/(std::sqrt(cimg::sqr((float)x0-x1)+cimg::sqr((float)y0-y1))*(precision>0?precision:1));
+      int ox = x0, oy = y0;
+      for (float t = 0; t<1; t+=_precision) {
+        const float t2 = t*t, t3 = t2*t;
+        const int
+          nx = (int)(ax*t3 + bx*t2 + u0*t + x0),
+          ny = (int)(ay*t3 + by*t2 + v0*t + y0);
+        draw_line(ox,oy,nx,ny,color,opacity,pattern,ninit_hatch);
+        ninit_hatch = false;
+        ox = nx; oy = ny;
+      }
+      return draw_line(ox,oy,x1,y1,color,opacity,pattern,false);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a 3d spline \overloading.
+    /**
+       \note
+       - Similar to CImg::draw_spline() for a 3d spline in a volumetric image.
+    **/
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_spline(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0, const float u0, const float v0, const float w0,
+                         const int x1, const int y1, const int z1, const float u1, const float v1, const float w1,
+                         const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
+                         const float precision=4, const unsigned int pattern=~0U,
+                         const bool init_hatch=true) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (!color)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_spline(): Specified color is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (x0==x1 && y0==y1 && z0==z1) return draw_point(x0,y0,z0,color,opacity);
+      bool ninit_hatch = init_hatch;
+      const float
+        ax = u0 + u1 + 2*(x0 - x1),
+        bx = 3*(x1 - x0) - 2*u0 - u1,
+        ay = v0 + v1 + 2*(y0 - y1),
+        by = 3*(y1 - y0) - 2*v0 - v1,
+        az = w0 + w1 + 2*(z0 - z1),
+        bz = 3*(z1 - z0) - 2*w0 - w1,
+        _precision = 1/(std::sqrt(cimg::sqr(x0-x1)+cimg::sqr(y0-y1))*(precision>0?precision:1));
+      int ox = x0, oy = y0, oz = z0;
+      for (float t = 0; t<1; t+=_precision) {
+        const float t2 = t*t, t3 = t2*t;
+        const int
+          nx = (int)(ax*t3 + bx*t2 + u0*t + x0),
+          ny = (int)(ay*t3 + by*t2 + v0*t + y0),
+          nz = (int)(az*t3 + bz*t2 + w0*t + z0);
+        draw_line(ox,oy,oz,nx,ny,nz,color,opacity,pattern,ninit_hatch);
+        ninit_hatch = false;
+        ox = nx; oy = ny; oz = nz;
+      }
+      return draw_line(ox,oy,oz,x1,y1,z1,color,opacity,pattern,false);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a textured 2d spline.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting curve point
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting curve point
+       \param u0 X-coordinate of the starting velocity
+       \param v0 Y-coordinate of the starting velocity
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending curve point
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending curve point
+       \param u1 X-coordinate of the ending velocity
+       \param v1 Y-coordinate of the ending velocity
+       \param texture Texture image defining line pixel colors.
+       \param tx0 X-coordinate of the starting texture point.
+       \param ty0 Y-coordinate of the starting texture point.
+       \param tx1 X-coordinate of the ending texture point.
+       \param ty1 Y-coordinate of the ending texture point.
+       \param precision Curve drawing precision.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the line pattern.
+       \param init_hatch if \c true, reinit hatch motif.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& draw_spline(const int x0, const int y0, const float u0, const float v0,
+                         const int x1, const int y1, const float u1, const float v1,
+                         const CImg<t>& texture,
+                         const int tx0, const int ty0, const int tx1, const int ty1,
+                         const float opacity=1,
+                         const float precision=4, const unsigned int pattern=~0U,
+                         const bool init_hatch=true) {
+      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_spline(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (is_overlapped(texture))
+        return draw_spline(x0,y0,u0,v0,x1,y1,u1,v1,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,precision,opacity,pattern,init_hatch);
+      if (x0==x1 && y0==y1) return draw_point(x0,y0,texture.get_vector_at(x0,y0),opacity);
+      bool ninit_hatch = init_hatch;
+      const float
+        ax = u0 + u1 + 2*(x0 - x1),
+        bx = 3*(x1 - x0) - 2*u0 - u1,
+        ay = v0 + v1 + 2*(y0 - y1),
+        by = 3*(y1 - y0) - 2*v0 - v1,
+        _precision = 1/(std::sqrt(cimg::sqr(x0-x1)+cimg::sqr(y0-y1))*(precision>0?precision:1));
+      int ox = x0, oy = y0, otx = tx0, oty = ty0;
+      for (float t1 = 0; t1<1; t1+=_precision) {
+        const float t2 = t1*t1, t3 = t2*t1;
+        const int
+          nx = (int)(ax*t3 + bx*t2 + u0*t1 + x0),
+          ny = (int)(ay*t3 + by*t2 + v0*t1 + y0),
+          ntx = tx0 + (int)((tx1-tx0)*t1),
+          nty = ty0 + (int)((ty1-ty0)*t1);
+        draw_line(ox,oy,nx,ny,texture,otx,oty,ntx,nty,opacity,pattern,ninit_hatch);
+        ninit_hatch = false;
+        ox = nx; oy = ny; otx = ntx; oty = nty;
+      }
+      return draw_line(ox,oy,x1,y1,texture,otx,oty,tx1,ty1,opacity,pattern,false);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a set of consecutive splines.
+    /**
+       \param points Vertices data.
+       \param tangents Tangents data.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param is_closed_set Tells if the drawn spline set is closed.
+       \param precision Precision of the drawing.
+       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the line pattern.
+       \param init_hatch If \c true, init hatch motif.
+    **/
+    template<typename tp, typename tt, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_spline(const CImg<tp>& points, const CImg<tt>& tangents,
+                         const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
+                         const bool is_closed_set=false, const float precision=4,
+                         const unsigned int pattern=~0U, const bool init_hatch=true) {
+      if (is_empty() || !points || !tangents || points._width<2 || tangents._width<2) return *this;
+      bool ninit_hatch = init_hatch;
+      switch (points._height) {
+      case 0 : case 1 :
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_spline(): Invalid specified point set (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    points._width,points._height,points._depth,points._spectrum,points._data);
+
+      case 2 : {
+        const int x0 = (int)points(0,0), y0 = (int)points(0,1);
+        const float u0 = (float)tangents(0,0), v0 = (float)tangents(0,1);
+        int ox = x0, oy = y0;
+        float ou = u0, ov = v0;
+        for (unsigned int i = 1; i<points._width; ++i) {
+          const int x = (int)points(i,0), y = (int)points(i,1);
+          const float u = (float)tangents(i,0), v = (float)tangents(i,1);
+          draw_spline(ox,oy,ou,ov,x,y,u,v,color,precision,opacity,pattern,ninit_hatch);
+          ninit_hatch = false;
+          ox = x; oy = y; ou = u; ov = v;
+        }
+        if (is_closed_set) draw_spline(ox,oy,ou,ov,x0,y0,u0,v0,color,precision,opacity,pattern,false);
+      } break;
+      default : {
+        const int x0 = (int)points(0,0), y0 = (int)points(0,1), z0 = (int)points(0,2);
+        const float u0 = (float)tangents(0,0), v0 = (float)tangents(0,1), w0 = (float)tangents(0,2);
+        int ox = x0, oy = y0, oz = z0;
+        float ou = u0, ov = v0, ow = w0;
+        for (unsigned int i = 1; i<points._width; ++i) {
+          const int x = (int)points(i,0), y = (int)points(i,1), z = (int)points(i,2);
+          const float u = (float)tangents(i,0), v = (float)tangents(i,1), w = (float)tangents(i,2);
+          draw_spline(ox,oy,oz,ou,ov,ow,x,y,z,u,v,w,color,opacity,pattern,ninit_hatch);
+          ninit_hatch = false;
+          ox = x; oy = y; oz = z; ou = u; ov = v; ow = w;
+        }
+        if (is_closed_set) draw_spline(ox,oy,oz,ou,ov,ow,x0,y0,z0,u0,v0,w0,color,precision,opacity,pattern,false);
+      }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a set of consecutive splines \overloading.
+    /**
+       Similar to previous function, with the point tangents automatically estimated from the given points set.
+    **/
+    template<typename tp, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_spline(const CImg<tp>& points,
+                         const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
+                         const bool is_closed_set=false, const float precision=4,
+                         const unsigned int pattern=~0U, const bool init_hatch=true) {
+      if (is_empty() || !points || points._width<2) return *this;
+      CImg<Tfloat> tangents;
+      switch (points._height) {
+      case 0 : case 1 :
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_spline(): Invalid specified point set (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    points._width,points._height,points._depth,points._spectrum,points._data);
+      case 2 : {
+        tangents.assign(points._width,points._height);
+        cimg_forX(points,p) {
+          const unsigned int
+            p0 = is_closed_set?(p+points._width-1)%points._width:(p?p-1:0),
+            p1 = is_closed_set?(p+1)%points._width:(p+1<points._width?p+1:p);
+          const float
+            x = (float)points(p,0),
+            y = (float)points(p,1),
+            x0 = (float)points(p0,0),
+            y0 = (float)points(p0,1),
+            x1 = (float)points(p1,0),
+            y1 = (float)points(p1,1),
+            u0 = x - x0,
+            v0 = y - y0,
+            n0 = 1e-8f + (float)std::sqrt(u0*u0 + v0*v0),
+            u1 = x1 - x,
+            v1 = y1 - y,
+            n1 = 1e-8f + (float)std::sqrt(u1*u1 + v1*v1),
+            u = u0/n0 + u1/n1,
+            v = v0/n0 + v1/n1,
+            n = 1e-8f + (float)std::sqrt(u*u + v*v),
+            fact = 0.5f*(n0 + n1);
+          tangents(p,0) = (Tfloat)(fact*u/n);
+          tangents(p,1) = (Tfloat)(fact*v/n);
+        }
+      } break;
+      default : {
+        tangents.assign(points._width,points._height);
+        cimg_forX(points,p) {
+          const unsigned int
+            p0 = is_closed_set?(p+points._width-1)%points._width:(p?p-1:0),
+            p1 = is_closed_set?(p+1)%points._width:(p+1<points._width?p+1:p);
+          const float
+            x = (float)points(p,0),
+            y = (float)points(p,1),
+            z = (float)points(p,2),
+            x0 = (float)points(p0,0),
+            y0 = (float)points(p0,1),
+            z0 = (float)points(p0,2),
+            x1 = (float)points(p1,0),
+            y1 = (float)points(p1,1),
+            z1 = (float)points(p1,2),
+            u0 = x - x0,
+            v0 = y - y0,
+            w0 = z - z0,
+            n0 = 1e-8f + (float)std::sqrt(u0*u0 + v0*v0 + w0*w0),
+            u1 = x1 - x,
+            v1 = y1 - y,
+            w1 = z1 - z,
+            n1 = 1e-8f + (float)std::sqrt(u1*u1 + v1*v1 + w1*w1),
+            u = u0/n0 + u1/n1,
+            v = v0/n0 + v1/n1,
+            w = w0/n0 + w1/n1,
+            n = 1e-8f + (float)std::sqrt(u*u + v*v + w*w),
+            fact = 0.5f*(n0 + n1);
+          tangents(p,0) = (Tfloat)(fact*u/n);
+          tangents(p,1) = (Tfloat)(fact*v/n);
+          tangents(p,2) = (Tfloat)(fact*w/n);
+        }
+      }
+      }
+      return draw_spline(points,tangents,color,opacity,is_closed_set,precision,pattern,init_hatch);
+    }
+
+    // Inner macro for drawing triangles.
+#define _cimg_for_triangle1(img,xl,xr,y,x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2) \
+        for (int y = y0<0?0:y0, \
+               xr = y0>=0?x0:(x0-y0*(x2-x0)/(y2-y0)), \
+               xl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?x1:x0):(x0-y0*(x1-x0)/(y1-y0))):(x1-y1*(x2-x1)/(y2-y1)), \
+               _sxn=1, \
+               _sxr=1, \
+               _sxl=1, \
+               _dxn = x2>x1?x2-x1:(_sxn=-1,x1-x2), \
+               _dxr = x2>x0?x2-x0:(_sxr=-1,x0-x2), \
+               _dxl = x1>x0?x1-x0:(_sxl=-1,x0-x1), \
+               _dyn = y2-y1, \
+               _dyr = y2-y0, \
+               _dyl = y1-y0, \
+               _counter = (_dxn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dxn/_dyn):0, \
+                           _dxr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dxr/_dyr):0, \
+                           _dxl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dxl/_dyl):0, \
+                           cimg::min((int)(img)._height-y-1,y2-y)), \
+               _errn = _dyn/2, \
+               _errr = _dyr/2, \
+               _errl = _dyl/2, \
+               _rxn = _dyn?(x2-x1)/_dyn:0, \
+               _rxr = _dyr?(x2-x0)/_dyr:0, \
+               _rxl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(x1-x0)/_dyl:0): \
+                                       (_errl=_errn, _dxl=_dxn, _dyl=_dyn, _sxl=_sxn, _rxn); \
+             _counter>=0; --_counter, ++y, \
+               xr+=_rxr+((_errr-=_dxr)<0?_errr+=_dyr,_sxr:0), \
+               xl+=(y!=y1)?_rxl+((_errl-=_dxl)<0?(_errl+=_dyl,_sxl):0): \
+                           (_errl=_errn, _dxl=_dxn, _dyl=_dyn, _sxl=_sxn, _rxl=_rxn, x1-xl))
+
+#define _cimg_for_triangle2(img,xl,cl,xr,cr,y,x0,y0,c0,x1,y1,c1,x2,y2,c2) \
+        for (int y = y0<0?0:y0, \
+               xr = y0>=0?x0:(x0-y0*(x2-x0)/(y2-y0)), \
+               cr = y0>=0?c0:(c0-y0*(c2-c0)/(y2-y0)), \
+               xl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?x1:x0):(x0-y0*(x1-x0)/(y1-y0))):(x1-y1*(x2-x1)/(y2-y1)), \
+               cl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?c1:c0):(c0-y0*(c1-c0)/(y1-y0))):(c1-y1*(c2-c1)/(y2-y1)), \
+               _sxn=1, _scn=1, \
+               _sxr=1, _scr=1, \
+               _sxl=1, _scl=1, \
+               _dxn = x2>x1?x2-x1:(_sxn=-1,x1-x2), \
+               _dxr = x2>x0?x2-x0:(_sxr=-1,x0-x2), \
+               _dxl = x1>x0?x1-x0:(_sxl=-1,x0-x1), \
+               _dcn = c2>c1?c2-c1:(_scn=-1,c1-c2), \
+               _dcr = c2>c0?c2-c0:(_scr=-1,c0-c2), \
+               _dcl = c1>c0?c1-c0:(_scl=-1,c0-c1), \
+               _dyn = y2-y1, \
+               _dyr = y2-y0, \
+               _dyl = y1-y0, \
+               _counter =(_dxn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dxn/_dyn):0, \
+                          _dxr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dxr/_dyr):0, \
+                          _dxl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dxl/_dyl):0, \
+                          _dcn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dcn/_dyn):0, \
+                          _dcr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dcr/_dyr):0, \
+                          _dcl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dcl/_dyl):0, \
+                          cimg::min((int)(img)._height-y-1,y2-y)), \
+               _errn = _dyn/2, _errcn = _errn, \
+               _errr = _dyr/2, _errcr = _errr, \
+               _errl = _dyl/2, _errcl = _errl, \
+               _rxn = _dyn?(x2-x1)/_dyn:0, \
+               _rcn = _dyn?(c2-c1)/_dyn:0, \
+               _rxr = _dyr?(x2-x0)/_dyr:0, \
+               _rcr = _dyr?(c2-c0)/_dyr:0, \
+               _rxl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(x1-x0)/_dyl:0): \
+                                       (_errl=_errn, _dxl=_dxn, _dyl=_dyn, _sxl=_sxn, _rxn), \
+               _rcl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(c1-c0)/_dyl:0): \
+                                       (_errcl=_errcn, _dcl=_dcn, _dyl=_dyn, _scl=_scn, _rcn ); \
+             _counter>=0; --_counter, ++y, \
+               xr+=_rxr+((_errr-=_dxr)<0?_errr+=_dyr,_sxr:0), \
+               cr+=_rcr+((_errcr-=_dcr)<0?_errcr+=_dyr,_scr:0), \
+               xl+=(y!=y1)?(cl+=_rcl+((_errcl-=_dcl)<0?(_errcl+=_dyl,_scl):0), \
+      	                   _rxl+((_errl-=_dxl)<0?(_errl+=_dyl,_sxl):0)): \
+               (_errcl=_errcn, _dcl=_dcn, _dyl=_dyn, _scl=_scn, _rcl=_rcn, cl=c1, \
+                _errl=_errn, _dxl=_dxn, _dyl=_dyn, _sxl=_sxn, _rxl=_rxn, x1-xl))
+
+#define _cimg_for_triangle3(img,xl,txl,tyl,xr,txr,tyr,y,x0,y0,tx0,ty0,x1,y1,tx1,ty1,x2,y2,tx2,ty2) \
+        for (int y = y0<0?0:y0, \
+               xr = y0>=0?x0:(x0-y0*(x2-x0)/(y2-y0)), \
+               txr = y0>=0?tx0:(tx0-y0*(tx2-tx0)/(y2-y0)), \
+               tyr = y0>=0?ty0:(ty0-y0*(ty2-ty0)/(y2-y0)), \
+               xl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?x1:x0):(x0-y0*(x1-x0)/(y1-y0))):(x1-y1*(x2-x1)/(y2-y1)), \
+               txl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?tx1:tx0):(tx0-y0*(tx1-tx0)/(y1-y0))):(tx1-y1*(tx2-tx1)/(y2-y1)), \
+               tyl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?ty1:ty0):(ty0-y0*(ty1-ty0)/(y1-y0))):(ty1-y1*(ty2-ty1)/(y2-y1)), \
+               _sxn=1, _stxn=1, _styn=1, \
+               _sxr=1, _stxr=1, _styr=1, \
+               _sxl=1, _stxl=1, _styl=1, \
+               _dxn = x2>x1?x2-x1:(_sxn=-1,x1-x2), \
+               _dxr = x2>x0?x2-x0:(_sxr=-1,x0-x2), \
+               _dxl = x1>x0?x1-x0:(_sxl=-1,x0-x1), \
+               _dtxn = tx2>tx1?tx2-tx1:(_stxn=-1,tx1-tx2), \
+               _dtxr = tx2>tx0?tx2-tx0:(_stxr=-1,tx0-tx2), \
+               _dtxl = tx1>tx0?tx1-tx0:(_stxl=-1,tx0-tx1), \
+               _dtyn = ty2>ty1?ty2-ty1:(_styn=-1,ty1-ty2), \
+               _dtyr = ty2>ty0?ty2-ty0:(_styr=-1,ty0-ty2), \
+               _dtyl = ty1>ty0?ty1-ty0:(_styl=-1,ty0-ty1), \
+               _dyn = y2-y1, \
+               _dyr = y2-y0, \
+               _dyl = y1-y0, \
+               _counter =(_dxn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dxn/_dyn):0, \
+                          _dxr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dxr/_dyr):0, \
+                          _dxl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dxl/_dyl):0, \
+                          _dtxn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dtxn/_dyn):0, \
+                          _dtxr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dtxr/_dyr):0, \
+                          _dtxl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dtxl/_dyl):0, \
+                          _dtyn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dtyn/_dyn):0, \
+                          _dtyr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dtyr/_dyr):0, \
+                          _dtyl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dtyl/_dyl):0, \
+                          cimg::min((int)(img)._height-y-1,y2-y)), \
+               _errn = _dyn/2, _errtxn = _errn, _errtyn = _errn, \
+               _errr = _dyr/2, _errtxr = _errr, _errtyr = _errr, \
+               _errl = _dyl/2, _errtxl = _errl, _errtyl = _errl, \
+               _rxn = _dyn?(x2-x1)/_dyn:0, \
+               _rtxn = _dyn?(tx2-tx1)/_dyn:0, \
+               _rtyn = _dyn?(ty2-ty1)/_dyn:0, \
+               _rxr = _dyr?(x2-x0)/_dyr:0, \
+               _rtxr = _dyr?(tx2-tx0)/_dyr:0, \
+               _rtyr = _dyr?(ty2-ty0)/_dyr:0, \
+               _rxl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(x1-x0)/_dyl:0): \
+                                       (_errl=_errn, _dxl=_dxn, _dyl=_dyn, _sxl=_sxn, _rxn), \
+               _rtxl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(tx1-tx0)/_dyl:0): \
+                                       (_errtxl=_errtxn, _dtxl=_dtxn, _dyl=_dyn, _stxl=_stxn, _rtxn ), \
+               _rtyl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(ty1-ty0)/_dyl:0): \
+                                       (_errtyl=_errtyn, _dtyl=_dtyn, _dyl=_dyn, _styl=_styn, _rtyn ); \
+             _counter>=0; --_counter, ++y, \
+               xr+=_rxr+((_errr-=_dxr)<0?_errr+=_dyr,_sxr:0), \
+               txr+=_rtxr+((_errtxr-=_dtxr)<0?_errtxr+=_dyr,_stxr:0), \
+               tyr+=_rtyr+((_errtyr-=_dtyr)<0?_errtyr+=_dyr,_styr:0), \
+               xl+=(y!=y1)?(txl+=_rtxl+((_errtxl-=_dtxl)<0?(_errtxl+=_dyl,_stxl):0), \
+                            tyl+=_rtyl+((_errtyl-=_dtyl)<0?(_errtyl+=_dyl,_styl):0), \
+                           _rxl+((_errl-=_dxl)<0?(_errl+=_dyl,_sxl):0)): \
+               (_errtxl=_errtxn, _dtxl=_dtxn, _dyl=_dyn, _stxl=_stxn, _rtxl=_rtxn, txl=tx1, \
+                _errtyl=_errtyn, _dtyl=_dtyn, _dyl=_dyn, _styl=_styn, _rtyl=_rtyn, tyl=ty1,\
+                _errl=_errn, _dxl=_dxn, _dyl=_dyn, _sxl=_sxn, _rxl=_rxn, x1-xl))
+
+#define _cimg_for_triangle4(img,xl,cl,txl,tyl,xr,cr,txr,tyr,y,x0,y0,c0,tx0,ty0,x1,y1,c1,tx1,ty1,x2,y2,c2,tx2,ty2) \
+        for (int y = y0<0?0:y0, \
+               xr = y0>=0?x0:(x0-y0*(x2-x0)/(y2-y0)), \
+               cr = y0>=0?c0:(c0-y0*(c2-c0)/(y2-y0)), \
+               txr = y0>=0?tx0:(tx0-y0*(tx2-tx0)/(y2-y0)), \
+               tyr = y0>=0?ty0:(ty0-y0*(ty2-ty0)/(y2-y0)), \
+               xl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?x1:x0):(x0-y0*(x1-x0)/(y1-y0))):(x1-y1*(x2-x1)/(y2-y1)), \
+               cl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?c1:c0):(c0-y0*(c1-c0)/(y1-y0))):(c1-y1*(c2-c1)/(y2-y1)), \
+               txl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?tx1:tx0):(tx0-y0*(tx1-tx0)/(y1-y0))):(tx1-y1*(tx2-tx1)/(y2-y1)), \
+               tyl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?ty1:ty0):(ty0-y0*(ty1-ty0)/(y1-y0))):(ty1-y1*(ty2-ty1)/(y2-y1)), \
+               _sxn=1, _scn=1, _stxn=1, _styn=1, \
+               _sxr=1, _scr=1, _stxr=1, _styr=1, \
+               _sxl=1, _scl=1, _stxl=1, _styl=1, \
+               _dxn = x2>x1?x2-x1:(_sxn=-1,x1-x2), \
+               _dxr = x2>x0?x2-x0:(_sxr=-1,x0-x2), \
+               _dxl = x1>x0?x1-x0:(_sxl=-1,x0-x1), \
+               _dcn = c2>c1?c2-c1:(_scn=-1,c1-c2), \
+               _dcr = c2>c0?c2-c0:(_scr=-1,c0-c2), \
+               _dcl = c1>c0?c1-c0:(_scl=-1,c0-c1), \
+               _dtxn = tx2>tx1?tx2-tx1:(_stxn=-1,tx1-tx2), \
+               _dtxr = tx2>tx0?tx2-tx0:(_stxr=-1,tx0-tx2), \
+               _dtxl = tx1>tx0?tx1-tx0:(_stxl=-1,tx0-tx1), \
+               _dtyn = ty2>ty1?ty2-ty1:(_styn=-1,ty1-ty2), \
+               _dtyr = ty2>ty0?ty2-ty0:(_styr=-1,ty0-ty2), \
+               _dtyl = ty1>ty0?ty1-ty0:(_styl=-1,ty0-ty1), \
+               _dyn = y2-y1, \
+               _dyr = y2-y0, \
+               _dyl = y1-y0, \
+               _counter =(_dxn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dxn/_dyn):0, \
+                          _dxr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dxr/_dyr):0, \
+                          _dxl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dxl/_dyl):0, \
+                          _dcn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dcn/_dyn):0, \
+                          _dcr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dcr/_dyr):0, \
+                          _dcl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dcl/_dyl):0, \
+                          _dtxn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dtxn/_dyn):0, \
+                          _dtxr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dtxr/_dyr):0, \
+                          _dtxl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dtxl/_dyl):0, \
+                          _dtyn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dtyn/_dyn):0, \
+                          _dtyr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dtyr/_dyr):0, \
+                          _dtyl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dtyl/_dyl):0, \
+                          cimg::min((int)(img)._height-y-1,y2-y)), \
+               _errn = _dyn/2, _errcn = _errn, _errtxn = _errn, _errtyn = _errn, \
+               _errr = _dyr/2, _errcr = _errr, _errtxr = _errr, _errtyr = _errr, \
+               _errl = _dyl/2, _errcl = _errl, _errtxl = _errl, _errtyl = _errl, \
+               _rxn = _dyn?(x2-x1)/_dyn:0, \
+               _rcn = _dyn?(c2-c1)/_dyn:0, \
+               _rtxn = _dyn?(tx2-tx1)/_dyn:0, \
+               _rtyn = _dyn?(ty2-ty1)/_dyn:0, \
+               _rxr = _dyr?(x2-x0)/_dyr:0, \
+               _rcr = _dyr?(c2-c0)/_dyr:0, \
+               _rtxr = _dyr?(tx2-tx0)/_dyr:0, \
+               _rtyr = _dyr?(ty2-ty0)/_dyr:0, \
+               _rxl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(x1-x0)/_dyl:0): \
+                                       (_errl=_errn, _dxl=_dxn, _dyl=_dyn, _sxl=_sxn, _rxn), \
+               _rcl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(c1-c0)/_dyl:0): \
+                                       (_errcl=_errcn, _dcl=_dcn, _dyl=_dyn, _scl=_scn, _rcn ), \
+               _rtxl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(tx1-tx0)/_dyl:0): \
+                                        (_errtxl=_errtxn, _dtxl=_dtxn, _dyl=_dyn, _stxl=_stxn, _rtxn ), \
+               _rtyl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(ty1-ty0)/_dyl:0): \
+                                        (_errtyl=_errtyn, _dtyl=_dtyn, _dyl=_dyn, _styl=_styn, _rtyn ); \
+             _counter>=0; --_counter, ++y, \
+               xr+=_rxr+((_errr-=_dxr)<0?_errr+=_dyr,_sxr:0), \
+               cr+=_rcr+((_errcr-=_dcr)<0?_errcr+=_dyr,_scr:0), \
+               txr+=_rtxr+((_errtxr-=_dtxr)<0?_errtxr+=_dyr,_stxr:0), \
+               tyr+=_rtyr+((_errtyr-=_dtyr)<0?_errtyr+=_dyr,_styr:0), \
+               xl+=(y!=y1)?(cl+=_rcl+((_errcl-=_dcl)<0?(_errcl+=_dyl,_scl):0), \
+                            txl+=_rtxl+((_errtxl-=_dtxl)<0?(_errtxl+=_dyl,_stxl):0), \
+                            tyl+=_rtyl+((_errtyl-=_dtyl)<0?(_errtyl+=_dyl,_styl):0), \
+                            _rxl+((_errl-=_dxl)<0?(_errl+=_dyl,_sxl):0)): \
+               (_errcl=_errcn, _dcl=_dcn, _dyl=_dyn, _scl=_scn, _rcl=_rcn, cl=c1, \
+                _errtxl=_errtxn, _dtxl=_dtxn, _dyl=_dyn, _stxl=_stxn, _rtxl=_rtxn, txl=tx1, \
+                _errtyl=_errtyn, _dtyl=_dtyn, _dyl=_dyn, _styl=_styn, _rtyl=_rtyn, tyl=ty1, \
+                _errl=_errn, _dxl=_dxn, _dyl=_dyn, _sxl=_sxn, _rxl=_rxn, x1-xl))
+
+#define _cimg_for_triangle5(img,xl,txl,tyl,lxl,lyl,xr,txr,tyr,lxr,lyr,y,x0,y0,\
+                            tx0,ty0,lx0,ly0,x1,y1,tx1,ty1,lx1,ly1,x2,y2,tx2,ty2,lx2,ly2) \
+        for (int y = y0<0?0:y0, \
+               xr = y0>=0?x0:(x0-y0*(x2-x0)/(y2-y0)), \
+               txr = y0>=0?tx0:(tx0-y0*(tx2-tx0)/(y2-y0)), \
+               tyr = y0>=0?ty0:(ty0-y0*(ty2-ty0)/(y2-y0)), \
+               lxr = y0>=0?lx0:(lx0-y0*(lx2-lx0)/(y2-y0)), \
+               lyr = y0>=0?ly0:(ly0-y0*(ly2-ly0)/(y2-y0)), \
+               xl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?x1:x0):(x0-y0*(x1-x0)/(y1-y0))):(x1-y1*(x2-x1)/(y2-y1)), \
+               txl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?tx1:tx0):(tx0-y0*(tx1-tx0)/(y1-y0))):(tx1-y1*(tx2-tx1)/(y2-y1)), \
+               tyl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?ty1:ty0):(ty0-y0*(ty1-ty0)/(y1-y0))):(ty1-y1*(ty2-ty1)/(y2-y1)), \
+               lxl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?lx1:lx0):(lx0-y0*(lx1-lx0)/(y1-y0))):(lx1-y1*(lx2-lx1)/(y2-y1)), \
+               lyl = y1>=0?(y0>=0?(y0==y1?ly1:ly0):(ly0-y0*(ly1-ly0)/(y1-y0))):(ly1-y1*(ly2-ly1)/(y2-y1)), \
+               _sxn=1, _stxn=1, _styn=1, _slxn=1, _slyn=1, \
+               _sxr=1, _stxr=1, _styr=1, _slxr=1, _slyr=1, \
+               _sxl=1, _stxl=1, _styl=1, _slxl=1, _slyl=1, \
+               _dxn = x2>x1?x2-x1:(_sxn=-1,x1-x2), _dyn = y2-y1, \
+               _dxr = x2>x0?x2-x0:(_sxr=-1,x0-x2), _dyr = y2-y0, \
+               _dxl = x1>x0?x1-x0:(_sxl=-1,x0-x1), _dyl = y1-y0, \
+               _dtxn = tx2>tx1?tx2-tx1:(_stxn=-1,tx1-tx2), \
+               _dtxr = tx2>tx0?tx2-tx0:(_stxr=-1,tx0-tx2), \
+               _dtxl = tx1>tx0?tx1-tx0:(_stxl=-1,tx0-tx1), \
+               _dtyn = ty2>ty1?ty2-ty1:(_styn=-1,ty1-ty2), \
+               _dtyr = ty2>ty0?ty2-ty0:(_styr=-1,ty0-ty2), \
+               _dtyl = ty1>ty0?ty1-ty0:(_styl=-1,ty0-ty1), \
+               _dlxn = lx2>lx1?lx2-lx1:(_slxn=-1,lx1-lx2), \
+               _dlxr = lx2>lx0?lx2-lx0:(_slxr=-1,lx0-lx2), \
+               _dlxl = lx1>lx0?lx1-lx0:(_slxl=-1,lx0-lx1), \
+               _dlyn = ly2>ly1?ly2-ly1:(_slyn=-1,ly1-ly2), \
+               _dlyr = ly2>ly0?ly2-ly0:(_slyr=-1,ly0-ly2), \
+               _dlyl = ly1>ly0?ly1-ly0:(_slyl=-1,ly0-ly1), \
+               _counter =(_dxn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dxn/_dyn):0, \
+                          _dxr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dxr/_dyr):0, \
+                          _dxl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dxl/_dyl):0, \
+                          _dtxn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dtxn/_dyn):0, \
+                          _dtxr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dtxr/_dyr):0, \
+                          _dtxl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dtxl/_dyl):0, \
+                          _dtyn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dtyn/_dyn):0, \
+                          _dtyr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dtyr/_dyr):0, \
+                          _dtyl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dtyl/_dyl):0, \
+                          _dlxn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dlxn/_dyn):0, \
+                          _dlxr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dlxr/_dyr):0, \
+                          _dlxl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dlxl/_dyl):0, \
+                          _dlyn-=_dyn?_dyn*(_dlyn/_dyn):0, \
+                          _dlyr-=_dyr?_dyr*(_dlyr/_dyr):0, \
+                          _dlyl-=_dyl?_dyl*(_dlyl/_dyl):0, \
+                          cimg::min((int)(img)._height-y-1,y2-y)), \
+               _errn = _dyn/2, _errtxn = _errn, _errtyn = _errn, _errlxn = _errn, _errlyn = _errn, \
+               _errr = _dyr/2, _errtxr = _errr, _errtyr = _errr, _errlxr = _errr, _errlyr = _errr, \
+               _errl = _dyl/2, _errtxl = _errl, _errtyl = _errl, _errlxl = _errl, _errlyl = _errl, \
+               _rxn = _dyn?(x2-x1)/_dyn:0, \
+               _rtxn = _dyn?(tx2-tx1)/_dyn:0, \
+               _rtyn = _dyn?(ty2-ty1)/_dyn:0, \
+               _rlxn = _dyn?(lx2-lx1)/_dyn:0, \
+               _rlyn = _dyn?(ly2-ly1)/_dyn:0, \
+               _rxr = _dyr?(x2-x0)/_dyr:0, \
+               _rtxr = _dyr?(tx2-tx0)/_dyr:0, \
+               _rtyr = _dyr?(ty2-ty0)/_dyr:0, \
+               _rlxr = _dyr?(lx2-lx0)/_dyr:0, \
+               _rlyr = _dyr?(ly2-ly0)/_dyr:0, \
+               _rxl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(x1-x0)/_dyl:0): \
+                                       (_errl=_errn, _dxl=_dxn, _dyl=_dyn, _sxl=_sxn, _rxn), \
+               _rtxl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(tx1-tx0)/_dyl:0): \
+                                        (_errtxl=_errtxn, _dtxl=_dtxn, _dyl=_dyn, _stxl=_stxn, _rtxn ), \
+               _rtyl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(ty1-ty0)/_dyl:0): \
+                                        (_errtyl=_errtyn, _dtyl=_dtyn, _dyl=_dyn, _styl=_styn, _rtyn ), \
+               _rlxl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(lx1-lx0)/_dyl:0): \
+                                        (_errlxl=_errlxn, _dlxl=_dlxn, _dyl=_dyn, _slxl=_slxn, _rlxn ), \
+               _rlyl = (y0!=y1 && y1>0)?(_dyl?(ly1-ly0)/_dyl:0): \
+                                        (_errlyl=_errlyn, _dlyl=_dlyn, _dyl=_dyn, _slyl=_slyn, _rlyn ); \
+             _counter>=0; --_counter, ++y, \
+               xr+=_rxr+((_errr-=_dxr)<0?_errr+=_dyr,_sxr:0), \
+               txr+=_rtxr+((_errtxr-=_dtxr)<0?_errtxr+=_dyr,_stxr:0), \
+               tyr+=_rtyr+((_errtyr-=_dtyr)<0?_errtyr+=_dyr,_styr:0), \
+               lxr+=_rlxr+((_errlxr-=_dlxr)<0?_errlxr+=_dyr,_slxr:0), \
+               lyr+=_rlyr+((_errlyr-=_dlyr)<0?_errlyr+=_dyr,_slyr:0), \
+               xl+=(y!=y1)?(txl+=_rtxl+((_errtxl-=_dtxl)<0?(_errtxl+=_dyl,_stxl):0), \
+                            tyl+=_rtyl+((_errtyl-=_dtyl)<0?(_errtyl+=_dyl,_styl):0), \
+                            lxl+=_rlxl+((_errlxl-=_dlxl)<0?(_errlxl+=_dyl,_slxl):0), \
+                            lyl+=_rlyl+((_errlyl-=_dlyl)<0?(_errlyl+=_dyl,_slyl):0), \
+                            _rxl+((_errl-=_dxl)<0?(_errl+=_dyl,_sxl):0)): \
+               (_errtxl=_errtxn, _dtxl=_dtxn, _dyl=_dyn, _stxl=_stxn, _rtxl=_rtxn, txl=tx1, \
+                _errtyl=_errtyn, _dtyl=_dtyn, _dyl=_dyn, _styl=_styn, _rtyl=_rtyn, tyl=ty1, \
+                _errlxl=_errlxn, _dlxl=_dlxn, _dyl=_dyn, _slxl=_slxn, _rlxl=_rlxn, lxl=lx1, \
+                _errlyl=_errlyn, _dlyl=_dlyn, _dyl=_dyn, _slyl=_slyn, _rlyl=_rlyn, lyl=ly1, \
+                _errl=_errn, _dxl=_dxn, _dyl=_dyn, _sxl=_sxn, _rxl=_rxn, x1-xl))
+
+    // [internal] Draw a filled triangle.
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& _draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0,
+                            const int x1, const int y1,
+                            const int x2, const int y2,
+                            const tc *const color, const float opacity,
+                            const float brightness) {
+      cimg_init_scanline(color,opacity);
+      const float nbrightness = brightness<0?0:(brightness>2?2:brightness);
+      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2;
+      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1);
+      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2);
+      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2);
+      if (ny0<height() && ny2>=0) {
+        if ((nx1 - nx0)*(ny2 - ny0) - (nx2 - nx0)*(ny1 - ny0)<0)
+          _cimg_for_triangle1(*this,xl,xr,y,nx0,ny0,nx1,ny1,nx2,ny2)
+            cimg_draw_scanline(xl,xr,y,color,opacity,nbrightness);
+        else
+          _cimg_for_triangle1(*this,xl,xr,y,nx0,ny0,nx1,ny1,nx2,ny2)
+            cimg_draw_scanline(xr,xl,y,color,opacity,nbrightness);
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a filled 2d triangle.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the first vertex.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex.
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the second vertex.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex.
+       \param x2 X-coordinate of the third vertex.
+       \param y2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+     **/
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0,
+                           const int x1, const int y1,
+                           const int x2, const int y2,
+                           const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (!color)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Specified color is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      _draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,color,opacity,1);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a outlined 2d triangle.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the first vertex.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex.
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the second vertex.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex.
+       \param x2 X-coordinate of the third vertex.
+       \param y2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the outline pattern.
+     **/
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0,
+                           const int x1, const int y1,
+                           const int x2, const int y2,
+                           const tc *const color, const float opacity,
+                           const unsigned int pattern) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (!color)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Specified color is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      draw_line(x0,y0,x1,y1,color,opacity,pattern,true).
+        draw_line(x1,y1,x2,y2,color,opacity,pattern,false).
+        draw_line(x2,y2,x0,y0,color,opacity,pattern,false);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a filled 2d triangle, with z-buffering.
+    /**
+       \param zbuffer Z-buffer image.
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the first vertex.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex.
+       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the first vertex.
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the second vertex.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex.
+       \param z1 Z-coordinate of the second vertex.
+       \param x2 X-coordinate of the third vertex.
+       \param y2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex.
+       \param z2 Z-coordinate of the third vertex.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param brightness Brightness factor.
+    **/
+    template<typename tz, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(CImg<tz>& zbuffer,
+                           const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
+                           const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
+                           const int x2, const int y2, const float z2,
+                           const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
+                           const float brightness=1) {
+      typedef typename cimg::superset<tz,float>::type tzfloat;
+      if (is_empty() || z0<=0 || z1<=0 || z2<=0) return *this;
+      if (!color)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Specified color is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (!is_sameXY(zbuffer))
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Instance and specified Z-buffer (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
+                                    "different dimensions.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    zbuffer._width,zbuffer._height,zbuffer._depth,zbuffer._spectrum,zbuffer._data);
+      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
+      const float
+        nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0),
+        nbrightness = brightness<0?0:(brightness>2?2:brightness);
+      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, offx = _spectrum*whd;
+      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2;
+      tzfloat nz0 = 1/(tzfloat)z0, nz1 = 1/(tzfloat)z1, nz2 = 1/(tzfloat)z2;
+      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,nz0,nz1);
+      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,nz0,nz2);
+      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,nz1,nz2);
+      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
+      tzfloat
+        pzl = (nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0),
+        pzr = (nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0),
+        pzn = (nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1),
+        zr = ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
+        zl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0))):(pzl=pzn,(nz1 - ny1*(nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
+      _cimg_for_triangle1(*this,xleft0,xright0,y,nx0,ny0,nx1,ny1,nx2,ny2) {
+        if (y==ny1) { zl = nz1; pzl = pzn; }
+        int xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0;
+        tzfloat zleft = zl, zright = zr;
+        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,zleft,zright);
+        const int dx = xright - xleft;
+        const tzfloat pentez = (zright - zleft)/dx;
+        if (xleft<0 && dx) zleft-=xleft*(zright - zleft)/dx;
+        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
+        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width() - 1;
+        T* ptrd = data(xleft,y,0,0);
+        tz *ptrz = zbuffer.data(xleft,y);
+        if (opacity>=1) {
+          if (nbrightness==1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
+              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
+              const tc *col = color; cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)*(col++); ptrd+=whd; }
+              ptrd-=offx;
+            }
+            zleft+=pentez;
+          } else if (nbrightness<1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
+              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
+              const tc *col = color; cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nbrightness*(*col++)); ptrd+=whd; }
+              ptrd-=offx;
+            }
+            zleft+=pentez;
+          } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
+              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
+              const tc *col = color;
+              cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)((2-nbrightness)**(col++) + (nbrightness-1)*maxval); ptrd+=whd; }
+              ptrd-=offx;
+            }
+            zleft+=pentez;
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (nbrightness==1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
+              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
+              const tc *col = color; cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity**(col++) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=whd; }
+              ptrd-=offx;
+            }
+            zleft+=pentez;
+          } else if (nbrightness<1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
+              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
+              const tc *col = color;
+              cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*nbrightness**(col++) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=whd; }
+              ptrd-=offx;
+            }
+            zleft+=pentez;
+          } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
+              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
+              const tc *col = color;
+              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                const T val = (T)((2-nbrightness)**(col++) + (nbrightness-1)*maxval);
+                *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
+                ptrd+=whd;
+              }
+              ptrd-=offx;
+            }
+            zleft+=pentez;
+          }
+        }
+        zr+=pzr; zl+=pzl;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a Gouraud-shaded 2d triangle.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
+       \param x2 X-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
+       \param y2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
+       \param brightness0 Brightness factor of the first vertex (in [0,2]).
+       \param brightness1 brightness factor of the second vertex (in [0,2]).
+       \param brightness2 brightness factor of the third vertex (in [0,2]).
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+    **/
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0,
+                           const int x1, const int y1,
+                           const int x2, const int y2,
+                           const tc *const color,
+                           const float brightness0,
+                           const float brightness1,
+                           const float brightness2,
+                           const float opacity=1) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (!color)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Specified color is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
+      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, offx = _spectrum*whd-1;
+      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2,
+        nc0 = (int)((brightness0<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness0>2.0f?2.0f:brightness0))*256.0f),
+        nc1 = (int)((brightness1<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness1>2.0f?2.0f:brightness1))*256.0f),
+        nc2 = (int)((brightness2<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness2>2.0f?2.0f:brightness2))*256.0f);
+      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,nc0,nc1);
+      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,nc0,nc2);
+      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,nc1,nc2);
+      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
+      _cimg_for_triangle2(*this,xleft0,cleft0,xright0,cright0,y,nx0,ny0,nc0,nx1,ny1,nc1,nx2,ny2,nc2) {
+        int xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0, cleft = cleft0, cright = cright0;
+        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,cleft,cright);
+        const int
+          dx = xright - xleft,
+          dc = cright>cleft?cright - cleft:cleft - cright,
+          rc = dx?(cright - cleft)/dx:0,
+          sc = cright>cleft?1:-1,
+          ndc = dc-(dx?dx*(dc/dx):0);
+        int errc = dx>>1;
+        if (xleft<0 && dx) cleft-=xleft*(cright - cleft)/dx;
+        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
+        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width() - 1;
+        T* ptrd = data(xleft,y);
+        if (opacity>=1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+          const tc *col = color;
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            *ptrd = (T)(cleft<256?cleft**(col++)/256:((512-cleft)**(col++)+(cleft-256)*maxval)/256);
+            ptrd+=whd;
+          }
+          ptrd-=offx;
+          cleft+=rc+((errc-=ndc)<0?errc+=dx,sc:0);
+        } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+          const tc *col = color;
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            const T val = (T)(cleft<256?cleft**(col++)/256:((512-cleft)**(col++)+(cleft-256)*maxval)/256);
+            *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
+            ptrd+=whd;
+          }
+          ptrd-=offx;
+          cleft+=rc+((errc-=ndc)<0?errc+=dx,sc:0);
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a Gouraud-shaded 2d triangle, with z-buffering \overloading.
+    template<typename tz, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(CImg<tz>& zbuffer,
+                           const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
+                           const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
+                           const int x2, const int y2, const float z2,
+                           const tc *const color,
+                           const float brightness0,
+                           const float brightness1,
+                           const float brightness2,
+                           const float opacity=1) {
+      typedef typename cimg::superset<tz,float>::type tzfloat;
+      if (is_empty() || z0<=0 || z1<=0 || z2<=0) return *this;
+      if (!color)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Specified color is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (!is_sameXY(zbuffer))
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Instance and specified Z-buffer (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
+                                    "different dimensions.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    zbuffer._width,zbuffer._height,zbuffer._depth,zbuffer._spectrum,zbuffer._data);
+      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
+      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, offx = _spectrum*whd;
+      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2,
+        nc0 = (int)((brightness0<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness0>2.0f?2.0f:brightness0))*256.0f),
+        nc1 = (int)((brightness1<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness1>2.0f?2.0f:brightness1))*256.0f),
+        nc2 = (int)((brightness2<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness2>2.0f?2.0f:brightness2))*256.0f);
+      tzfloat nz0 = 1/(tzfloat)z0, nz1 = 1/(tzfloat)z1, nz2 = 1/(tzfloat)z2;
+      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,nz0,nz1,nc0,nc1);
+      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,nz0,nz2,nc0,nc2);
+      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,nz1,nz2,nc1,nc2);
+      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
+      tzfloat
+        pzl = (nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0),
+        pzr = (nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0),
+        pzn = (nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1),
+        zr = ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
+        zl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0))):(pzl=pzn,(nz1 - ny1*(nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
+      _cimg_for_triangle2(*this,xleft0,cleft0,xright0,cright0,y,nx0,ny0,nc0,nx1,ny1,nc1,nx2,ny2,nc2) {
+        if (y==ny1) { zl = nz1; pzl = pzn; }
+        int xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0, cleft = cleft0, cright = cright0;
+        tzfloat zleft = zl, zright = zr;
+        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,zleft,zright,cleft,cright);
+        const int
+          dx = xright - xleft,
+          dc = cright>cleft?cright - cleft:cleft - cright,
+          rc = dx?(cright-cleft)/dx:0,
+          sc = cright>cleft?1:-1,
+          ndc = dc-(dx?dx*(dc/dx):0);
+        const tzfloat pentez = (zright - zleft)/dx;
+        int errc = dx>>1;
+        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
+          cleft-=xleft*(cright - cleft)/dx;
+          zleft-=xleft*(zright - zleft)/dx;
+        }
+        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
+        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
+        T *ptrd = data(xleft,y);
+        tz *ptrz = zbuffer.data(xleft,y);
+        if (opacity>=1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrd, ++ptrz) {
+            if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+              *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
+              const tc *col = color;
+              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                *ptrd = (T)(cleft<256?cleft**(col++)/256:((512-cleft)**(col++)+(cleft-256)*maxval)/256);
+                ptrd+=whd;
+              }
+              ptrd-=offx;
+            }
+            zleft+=pentez;
+            cleft+=rc+((errc-=ndc)<0?errc+=dx,sc:0);
+          } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrd, ++ptrz) {
+            if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+              *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
+              const tc *col = color;
+              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                const T val = (T)(cleft<256?cleft**(col++)/256:((512-cleft)**(col++)+(cleft-256)*maxval)/256);
+                *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
+                ptrd+=whd;
+              }
+              ptrd-=offx;
+            }
+            zleft+=pentez;
+            cleft+=rc+((errc-=ndc)<0?errc+=dx,sc:0);
+          }
+        zr+=pzr; zl+=pzl;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a color-interpolated 2d triangle.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
+       \param x2 X-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
+       \param y2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
+       \param color1 Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the color of the first vertex.
+       \param color2 Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the color of the seconf vertex.
+       \param color3 Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the color of the third vertex.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+     **/
+    template<typename tc1, typename tc2, typename tc3>
+    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0,
+                           const int x1, const int y1,
+                           const int x2, const int y2,
+                           const tc1 *const color1,
+                           const tc2 *const color2,
+                           const tc3 *const color3,
+                           const float opacity=1) {
+      const unsigned char one = 1;
+      cimg_forC(*this,c)
+        get_shared_channel(c).draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,&one,color1[c],color2[c],color3[c],opacity);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a textured 2d triangle.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
+       \param x2 X-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
+       \param y2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
+       \param texture Texture image used to fill the triangle.
+       \param tx0 X-coordinate of the first vertex in the texture image.
+       \param ty0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex in the texture image.
+       \param tx1 X-coordinate of the second vertex in the texture image.
+       \param ty1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex in the texture image.
+       \param tx2 X-coordinate of the third vertex in the texture image.
+       \param ty2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex in the texture image.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param brightness Brightness factor of the drawing (in [0,2]).
+    **/
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0,
+                           const int x1, const int y1,
+                           const int x2, const int y2,
+                           const CImg<tc>& texture,
+                           const int tx0, const int ty0,
+                           const int tx1, const int ty1,
+                           const int tx2, const int ty2,
+                           const float opacity=1,
+                           const float brightness=1) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
+      if (is_overlapped(texture))
+        return draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity,brightness);
+      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
+      const float
+        nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0),
+        nbrightness = brightness<0?0:(brightness>2?2:brightness);
+      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, twhd = (long)texture._width*texture._height*texture._depth,
+        offx = _spectrum*whd-1;
+      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2,
+        ntx0 = tx0, nty0 = ty0, ntx1 = tx1, nty1 = ty1, ntx2 = tx2, nty2 = ty2;
+      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,ntx0,ntx1,nty0,nty1);
+      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,ntx0,ntx2,nty0,nty2);
+      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,ntx1,ntx2,nty1,nty2);
+      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
+      _cimg_for_triangle3(*this,xleft0,txleft0,tyleft0,xright0,txright0,tyright0,y,
+                          nx0,ny0,ntx0,nty0,nx1,ny1,ntx1,nty1,nx2,ny2,ntx2,nty2) {
+        int
+          xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0,
+          txleft = txleft0, txright = txright0,
+          tyleft = tyleft0, tyright = tyright0;
+        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,txleft,txright,tyleft,tyright);
+        const int
+          dx = xright - xleft,
+          dtx = txright>txleft?txright - txleft:txleft - txright,
+          dty = tyright>tyleft?tyright - tyleft:tyleft - tyright,
+          rtx = dx?(txright - txleft)/dx:0,
+          rty = dx?(tyright - tyleft)/dx:0,
+          stx = txright>txleft?1:-1,
+          sty = tyright>tyleft?1:-1,
+          ndtx = dtx - (dx?dx*(dtx/dx):0),
+          ndty = dty - (dx?dx*(dty/dx):0);
+        int errtx = dx>>1, errty = errtx;
+        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
+          txleft-=xleft*(txright - txleft)/dx;
+          tyleft-=xleft*(tyright - tyleft)/dx;
+        }
+        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
+        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
+        T* ptrd = data(xleft,y,0,0);
+        if (opacity>=1) {
+          if (nbrightness==1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+            const tc *col = texture.data(txleft,tyleft);
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              *ptrd = (T)*col;
+              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+            }
+            ptrd-=offx;
+            txleft+=rtx+((errtx-=ndtx)<0?errtx+=dx,stx:0);
+            tyleft+=rty+((errty-=ndty)<0?errty+=dx,sty:0);
+          } else if (nbrightness<1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+            const tc *col = texture.data(txleft,tyleft);
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              *ptrd = (T)(nbrightness**col);
+              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+            }
+            ptrd-=offx;
+            txleft+=rtx+((errtx-=ndtx)<0?errtx+=dx,stx:0);
+            tyleft+=rty+((errty-=ndty)<0?errty+=dx,sty:0);
+          } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+            const tc *col = texture.data(txleft,tyleft);
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              *ptrd = (T)((2-nbrightness)**(col++) + (nbrightness-1)*maxval);
+              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+            }
+            ptrd-=offx;
+            txleft+=rtx+((errtx-=ndtx)<0?errtx+=dx,stx:0);
+            tyleft+=rty+((errty-=ndty)<0?errty+=dx,sty:0);
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (nbrightness==1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+            const tc *col = texture.data(txleft,tyleft);
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              *ptrd = (T)(nopacity**col + *ptrd*copacity);
+              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+            }
+            ptrd-=offx;
+            txleft+=rtx+((errtx-=ndtx)<0?errtx+=dx,stx:0);
+            tyleft+=rty+((errty-=ndty)<0?errty+=dx,sty:0);
+          } else if (nbrightness<1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+            const tc *col = texture.data(txleft,tyleft);
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*nbrightness**col + *ptrd*copacity);
+              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+            }
+            ptrd-=offx;
+            txleft+=rtx+((errtx-=ndtx)<0?errtx+=dx,stx:0);
+            tyleft+=rty+((errty-=ndty)<0?errty+=dx,sty:0);
+          } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+            const tc *col = texture.data(txleft,tyleft);
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              const T val = (T)((2-nbrightness)**(col++) + (nbrightness-1)*maxval);
+              *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
+              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+            }
+            ptrd-=offx;
+            txleft+=rtx+((errtx-=ndtx)<0?errtx+=dx,stx:0);
+            tyleft+=rty+((errty-=ndty)<0?errty+=dx,sty:0);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a 2d textured triangle, with perspective correction.
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
+                           const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
+                           const int x2, const int y2, const float z2,
+                           const CImg<tc>& texture,
+                           const int tx0, const int ty0,
+                           const int tx1, const int ty1,
+                           const int tx2, const int ty2,
+                           const float opacity=1,
+                           const float brightness=1) {
+      if (is_empty() || z0<=0 || z1<=0 || z2<=0) return *this;
+      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
+      if (is_overlapped(texture))
+        return draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity,brightness);
+      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
+      const float
+        nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0),
+        nbrightness = brightness<0?0:(brightness>2?2:brightness);
+      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, twhd = (long)texture._width*texture._height*texture._depth,
+        offx = _spectrum*whd-1;
+      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2;
+      float
+        ntx0 = tx0/z0, nty0 = ty0/z0,
+        ntx1 = tx1/z1, nty1 = ty1/z1,
+        ntx2 = tx2/z2, nty2 = ty2/z2,
+        nz0 = 1/z0, nz1 = 1/z1, nz2 = 1/z2;
+      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,ntx0,ntx1,nty0,nty1,nz0,nz1);
+      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,ntx0,ntx2,nty0,nty2,nz0,nz2);
+      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,ntx1,ntx2,nty1,nty2,nz1,nz2);
+      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
+      float
+        ptxl = (ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0),
+        ptxr = (ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0),
+        ptxn = (ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1),
+        ptyl = (nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0),
+        ptyr = (nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0),
+        ptyn = (nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1),
+        pzl = (nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0),
+        pzr = (nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0),
+        pzn = (nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1),
+        zr = ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
+        txr = ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
+        tyr = ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
+        zl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0))):(pzl=pzn,(nz1 - ny1*(nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1))),
+        txl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
+          (ptxl=ptxn,(ntx1 - ny1*(ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1))),
+        tyl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
+          (ptyl=ptyn,(nty1 - ny1*(nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
+      _cimg_for_triangle1(*this,xleft0,xright0,y,nx0,ny0,nx1,ny1,nx2,ny2) {
+        if (y==ny1) { zl = nz1; txl = ntx1; tyl = nty1; pzl = pzn; ptxl = ptxn; ptyl = ptyn; }
+        int xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0;
+        float
+          zleft = zl, zright = zr,
+          txleft = txl, txright = txr,
+          tyleft = tyl, tyright = tyr;
+        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,zleft,zright,txleft,txright,tyleft,tyright);
+        const int dx = xright - xleft;
+        const float
+          pentez = (zright - zleft)/dx,
+          pentetx = (txright - txleft)/dx,
+          pentety = (tyright - tyleft)/dx;
+        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
+          zleft-=xleft*(zright - zleft)/dx;
+          txleft-=xleft*(txright - txleft)/dx;
+          tyleft-=xleft*(tyright - tyleft)/dx;
+        }
+        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
+        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
+        T* ptrd = data(xleft,y,0,0);
+        if (opacity>=1) {
+          if (nbrightness==1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+            const float invz = 1/zleft;
+            const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              *ptrd = (T)*col;
+              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+            }
+            ptrd-=offx; zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
+          } else if (nbrightness<1) for (int x=xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+            const float invz = 1/zleft;
+            const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              *ptrd = (T)(nbrightness**col);
+              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+            }
+            ptrd-=offx; zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
+          } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+            const float invz = 1/zleft;
+            const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              *ptrd = (T)((2-nbrightness)**col + (nbrightness-1)*maxval);
+              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+            }
+            ptrd-=offx; zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (nbrightness==1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+            const float invz = 1/zleft;
+            const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              *ptrd = (T)(nopacity**col + *ptrd*copacity);
+              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+            }
+            ptrd-=offx; zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
+          } else if (nbrightness<1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+            const float invz = 1/zleft;
+            const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*nbrightness**col + *ptrd*copacity);
+              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+            }
+            ptrd-=offx; zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
+          } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+            const float invz = 1/zleft;
+            const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
+            cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+              const T val = (T)((2-nbrightness)**col + (nbrightness-1)*maxval);
+              *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
+              ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+            }
+            ptrd-=offx; zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
+          }
+        }
+        zr+=pzr; txr+=ptxr; tyr+=ptyr; zl+=pzl; txl+=ptxl; tyl+=ptyl;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a textured 2d triangle, with perspective correction and z-buffering.
+    template<typename tz, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(CImg<tz>& zbuffer,
+                           const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
+                           const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
+                           const int x2, const int y2, const float z2,
+                           const CImg<tc>& texture,
+                           const int tx0, const int ty0,
+                           const int tx1, const int ty1,
+                           const int tx2, const int ty2,
+                           const float opacity=1,
+                           const float brightness=1) {
+      typedef typename cimg::superset<tz,float>::type tzfloat;
+      if (is_empty() || z0<=0 || z1<=0 || z2<=0) return *this;
+      if (!is_sameXY(zbuffer))
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Instance and specified Z-buffer (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
+                                    "different dimensions.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    zbuffer._width,zbuffer._height,zbuffer._depth,zbuffer._spectrum,zbuffer._data);
+
+      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
+      if (is_overlapped(texture))
+        return draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity,brightness);
+      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
+      const float
+        nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0),
+        nbrightness = brightness<0?0:(brightness>2?2:brightness);
+      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, twhd = (long)texture._width*texture._height*texture._depth,
+        offx = _spectrum*whd;
+      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2;
+      float
+        ntx0 = tx0/z0, nty0 = ty0/z0,
+        ntx1 = tx1/z1, nty1 = ty1/z1,
+        ntx2 = tx2/z2, nty2 = ty2/z2;
+      tzfloat nz0 = 1/(tzfloat)z0, nz1 = 1/(tzfloat)z1, nz2 = 1/(tzfloat)z2;
+      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,ntx0,ntx1,nty0,nty1,nz0,nz1);
+      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,ntx0,ntx2,nty0,nty2,nz0,nz2);
+      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,ntx1,ntx2,nty1,nty2,nz1,nz2);
+      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
+      float
+        ptxl = (ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0),
+        ptxr = (ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0),
+        ptxn = (ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1),
+        ptyl = (nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0),
+        ptyr = (nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0),
+        ptyn = (nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1),
+        txr = ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
+        tyr = ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
+        txl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
+          (ptxl=ptxn,(ntx1 - ny1*(ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1))),
+        tyl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
+          (ptyl=ptyn,(nty1 - ny1*(nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
+      tzfloat
+        pzl = (nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0),
+        pzr = (nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0),
+        pzn = (nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1),
+        zr = ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
+        zl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0))):(pzl=pzn,(nz1 - ny1*(nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
+      _cimg_for_triangle1(*this,xleft0,xright0,y,nx0,ny0,nx1,ny1,nx2,ny2) {
+        if (y==ny1) { zl = nz1; txl = ntx1; tyl = nty1; pzl = pzn; ptxl = ptxn; ptyl = ptyn; }
+        int xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0;
+        float txleft = txl, txright = txr, tyleft = tyl, tyright = tyr;
+        tzfloat zleft = zl, zright = zr;
+        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,zleft,zright,txleft,txright,tyleft,tyright);
+        const int dx = xright - xleft;
+        const float pentetx = (txright - txleft)/dx, pentety = (tyright - tyleft)/dx;
+        const tzfloat pentez = (zright - zleft)/dx;
+        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
+          zleft-=xleft*(zright - zleft)/dx;
+          txleft-=xleft*(txright - txleft)/dx;
+          tyleft-=xleft*(tyright - tyleft)/dx;
+        }
+        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
+        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
+        T *ptrd = data(xleft,y,0,0);
+        tz *ptrz = zbuffer.data(xleft,y);
+        if (opacity>=1) {
+          if (nbrightness==1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
+              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
+                const tzfloat invz = 1/zleft;
+                const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
+                cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                  *ptrd = (T)*col;
+                  ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+                }
+                ptrd-=offx;
+              }
+              zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
+            } else if (nbrightness<1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
+              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
+                const tzfloat invz = 1/zleft;
+                const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
+                cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                  *ptrd = (T)(nbrightness**col);
+                  ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+                }
+                ptrd-=offx;
+              }
+              zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
+            } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
+              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
+                const tzfloat invz = 1/zleft;
+                const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
+                cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                  *ptrd = (T)((2-nbrightness)**col + (nbrightness-1)*maxval);
+                  ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+                }
+                ptrd-=offx;
+              }
+              zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
+            }
+        } else {
+          if (nbrightness==1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
+              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
+                const tzfloat invz = 1/zleft;
+                const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
+                cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                  *ptrd = (T)(nopacity**col + *ptrd*copacity);
+                  ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+                }
+                ptrd-=offx;
+              }
+              zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
+            } else if (nbrightness<1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
+              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
+                const tzfloat invz = 1/zleft;
+                const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
+                cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                  *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*nbrightness**col + *ptrd*copacity);
+                  ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+                }
+                ptrd-=offx;
+              }
+              zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
+            } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
+              if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+                *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
+                const tzfloat invz = 1/zleft;
+                const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
+                cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                  const T val = (T)((2-nbrightness)**col + (nbrightness-1)*maxval);
+                  *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
+                  ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+                }
+                ptrd-=offx;
+              }
+              zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
+            }
+        }
+        zr+=pzr; txr+=ptxr; tyr+=ptyr; zl+=pzl; txl+=ptxl; tyl+=ptyl;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a Phong-shaded 2d triangle.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
+       \param x2 X-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
+       \param y2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
+       \param light Light image.
+       \param lx0 X-coordinate of the first vertex in the light image.
+       \param ly0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex in the light image.
+       \param lx1 X-coordinate of the second vertex in the light image.
+       \param ly1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex in the light image.
+       \param lx2 X-coordinate of the third vertex in the light image.
+       \param ly2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex in the light image.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+    **/
+    template<typename tc, typename tl>
+    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0,
+                           const int x1, const int y1,
+                           const int x2, const int y2,
+                           const tc *const color,
+                           const CImg<tl>& light,
+                           const int lx0, const int ly0,
+                           const int lx1, const int ly1,
+                           const int lx2, const int ly2,
+                           const float opacity=1) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (!color)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Specified color is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (light._depth>1 || light._spectrum<_spectrum)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified light texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,light._width,light._height,light._depth,light._spectrum,light._data);
+      if (is_overlapped(light)) return draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,color,+light,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity);
+      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
+      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2,
+        nlx0 = lx0, nly0 = ly0, nlx1 = lx1, nly1 = ly1, nlx2 = lx2, nly2 = ly2;
+      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, offx = _spectrum*whd-1;
+      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,nlx0,nlx1,nly0,nly1);
+      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,nlx0,nlx2,nly0,nly2);
+      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,nlx1,nlx2,nly1,nly2);
+      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
+      _cimg_for_triangle3(*this,xleft0,lxleft0,lyleft0,xright0,lxright0,lyright0,y,
+                          nx0,ny0,nlx0,nly0,nx1,ny1,nlx1,nly1,nx2,ny2,nlx2,nly2) {
+        int
+          xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0,
+          lxleft = lxleft0, lxright = lxright0,
+          lyleft = lyleft0, lyright = lyright0;
+        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,lxleft,lxright,lyleft,lyright);
+        const int
+          dx = xright - xleft,
+          dlx = lxright>lxleft?lxright - lxleft:lxleft - lxright,
+          dly = lyright>lyleft?lyright - lyleft:lyleft - lyright,
+          rlx = dx?(lxright - lxleft)/dx:0,
+          rly = dx?(lyright - lyleft)/dx:0,
+          slx = lxright>lxleft?1:-1,
+          sly = lyright>lyleft?1:-1,
+          ndlx = dlx - (dx?dx*(dlx/dx):0),
+          ndly = dly - (dx?dx*(dly/dx):0);
+        int errlx = dx>>1, errly = errlx;
+        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
+          lxleft-=xleft*(lxright - lxleft)/dx;
+          lyleft-=xleft*(lyright - lyleft)/dx;
+        }
+        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
+        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
+        T* ptrd = data(xleft,y,0,0);
+        if (opacity>=1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+          const tc *col = color;
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            const tl l = light(lxleft,lyleft,c);
+            *ptrd = (T)(l<1?l**(col++):((2-l)**(col++)+(l-1)*maxval));
+            ptrd+=whd;
+          }
+          ptrd-=offx;
+          lxleft+=rlx+((errlx-=ndlx)<0?errlx+=dx,slx:0);
+          lyleft+=rly+((errly-=ndly)<0?errly+=dx,sly:0);
+        } else  for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+          const tc *col = color;
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            const tl l = light(lxleft,lyleft,c);
+            const T val = (T)(l<1?l**(col++):((2-l)**(col++)+(l-1)*maxval));
+            *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
+            ptrd+=whd;
+          }
+          ptrd-=offx;
+          lxleft+=rlx+((errlx-=ndlx)<0?errlx+=dx,slx:0);
+          lyleft+=rly+((errly-=ndly)<0?errly+=dx,sly:0);
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a Phong-shaded 2d triangle, with z-buffering.
+    template<typename tz, typename tc, typename tl>
+    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(CImg<tz>& zbuffer,
+                           const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
+                           const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
+                           const int x2, const int y2, const float z2,
+                           const tc *const color,
+                           const CImg<tl>& light,
+                           const int lx0, const int ly0,
+                           const int lx1, const int ly1,
+                           const int lx2, const int ly2,
+                           const float opacity=1) {
+      typedef typename cimg::superset<tz,float>::type tzfloat;
+      if (is_empty() || z0<=0 || z1<=0 || z2<=0) return *this;
+      if (!color)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Specified color is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (light._depth>1 || light._spectrum<_spectrum)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified light texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,light._width,light._height,light._depth,light._spectrum,light._data);
+      if (!is_sameXY(zbuffer))
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Instance and specified Z-buffer (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
+                                    "different dimensions.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    zbuffer._width,zbuffer._height,zbuffer._depth,zbuffer._spectrum,zbuffer._data);
+      if (is_overlapped(light)) return draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,
+                                                     +light,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity);
+      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
+      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, offx = _spectrum*whd;
+      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2,
+        nlx0 = lx0, nly0 = ly0, nlx1 = lx1, nly1 = ly1, nlx2 = lx2, nly2 = ly2;
+      tzfloat nz0 = 1/(tzfloat)z0, nz1 = 1/(tzfloat)z1, nz2 = 1/(tzfloat)z2;
+      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,nlx0,nlx1,nly0,nly1,nz0,nz1);
+      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,nlx0,nlx2,nly0,nly2,nz0,nz2);
+      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,nlx1,nlx2,nly1,nly2,nz1,nz2);
+      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
+      tzfloat
+        pzl = (nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0),
+        pzr = (nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0),
+        pzn = (nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1),
+        zr = ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
+        zl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0))):(pzl=pzn,(nz1 - ny1*(nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
+      _cimg_for_triangle3(*this,xleft0,lxleft0,lyleft0,xright0,lxright0,lyright0,y,
+                          nx0,ny0,nlx0,nly0,nx1,ny1,nlx1,nly1,nx2,ny2,nlx2,nly2) {
+        if (y==ny1) { zl = nz1; pzl = pzn; }
+        int
+          xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0,
+          lxleft = lxleft0, lxright = lxright0,
+          lyleft = lyleft0, lyright = lyright0;
+        tzfloat zleft = zl, zright = zr;
+        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,zleft,zright,lxleft,lxright,lyleft,lyright);
+        const int
+          dx = xright - xleft,
+          dlx = lxright>lxleft?lxright - lxleft:lxleft - lxright,
+          dly = lyright>lyleft?lyright - lyleft:lyleft - lyright,
+          rlx = dx?(lxright - lxleft)/dx:0,
+          rly = dx?(lyright - lyleft)/dx:0,
+          slx = lxright>lxleft?1:-1,
+          sly = lyright>lyleft?1:-1,
+          ndlx = dlx - (dx?dx*(dlx/dx):0),
+          ndly = dly - (dx?dx*(dly/dx):0);
+        const tzfloat pentez = (zright - zleft)/dx;
+        int errlx = dx>>1, errly = errlx;
+        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
+          zleft-=xleft*(zright - zleft)/dx;
+          lxleft-=xleft*(lxright - lxleft)/dx;
+          lyleft-=xleft*(lyright - lyleft)/dx;
+        }
+        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
+        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
+        T *ptrd = data(xleft,y,0,0);
+        tz *ptrz = zbuffer.data(xleft,y);
+        if (opacity>=1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
+            if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+              *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
+              const tc *col = color;
+              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                const tl l = light(lxleft,lyleft,c);
+                const tc cval = *(col++);
+                *ptrd = (T)(l<1?l*cval:(2-l)*cval+(l-1)*maxval);
+                ptrd+=whd;
+              }
+              ptrd-=offx;
+            }
+            zleft+=pentez;
+            lxleft+=rlx+((errlx-=ndlx)<0?errlx+=dx,slx:0);
+            lyleft+=rly+((errly-=ndly)<0?errly+=dx,sly:0);
+          } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
+            if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+              *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
+              const tc *col = color;
+              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                const tl l = light(lxleft,lyleft,c);
+                const tc cval = *(col++);
+                const T val = (T)(l<1?l*cval:(2-l)*cval+(l-1)*maxval);
+                *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
+                ptrd+=whd;
+              }
+              ptrd-=offx;
+            }
+            zleft+=pentez;
+            lxleft+=rlx+((errlx-=ndlx)<0?errlx+=dx,slx:0);
+            lyleft+=rly+((errly-=ndly)<0?errly+=dx,sly:0);
+          }
+        zr+=pzr; zl+=pzl;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a textured Gouraud-shaded 2d triangle.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
+       \param x2 X-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
+       \param y2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
+       \param texture Texture image used to fill the triangle.
+       \param tx0 X-coordinate of the first vertex in the texture image.
+       \param ty0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex in the texture image.
+       \param tx1 X-coordinate of the second vertex in the texture image.
+       \param ty1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex in the texture image.
+       \param tx2 X-coordinate of the third vertex in the texture image.
+       \param ty2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex in the texture image.
+       \param brightness0 Brightness factor of the first vertex.
+       \param brightness1 Brightness factor of the second vertex.
+       \param brightness2 Brightness factor of the third vertex.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+    **/
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0,
+                           const int x1, const int y1,
+                           const int x2, const int y2,
+                           const CImg<tc>& texture,
+                           const int tx0, const int ty0,
+                           const int tx1, const int ty1,
+                           const int tx2, const int ty2,
+                           const float brightness0,
+                           const float brightness1,
+                           const float brightness2,
+                           const float opacity=1) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
+      if (is_overlapped(texture))
+        return draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,
+                             brightness0,brightness1,brightness2,opacity);
+      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
+      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, twhd = (long)texture._width*texture._height*texture._depth,
+        offx = _spectrum*whd-1;
+      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2,
+        ntx0 = tx0, nty0 = ty0, ntx1 = tx1, nty1 = ty1, ntx2 = tx2, nty2 = ty2,
+        nc0 = (int)((brightness0<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness0>2.0f?2.0f:brightness0))*256.0f),
+        nc1 = (int)((brightness1<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness1>2.0f?2.0f:brightness1))*256.0f),
+        nc2 = (int)((brightness2<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness2>2.0f?2.0f:brightness2))*256.0f);
+      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,ntx0,ntx1,nty0,nty1,nc0,nc1);
+      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,ntx0,ntx2,nty0,nty2,nc0,nc2);
+      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,ntx1,ntx2,nty1,nty2,nc1,nc2);
+      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
+      _cimg_for_triangle4(*this,xleft0,cleft0,txleft0,tyleft0,xright0,cright0,txright0,tyright0,y,
+                          nx0,ny0,nc0,ntx0,nty0,nx1,ny1,nc1,ntx1,nty1,nx2,ny2,nc2,ntx2,nty2) {
+        int
+          xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0,
+          cleft = cleft0, cright = cright0,
+          txleft = txleft0, txright = txright0,
+          tyleft = tyleft0, tyright = tyright0;
+        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,cleft,cright,txleft,txright,tyleft,tyright);
+        const int
+          dx = xright - xleft,
+          dc = cright>cleft?cright - cleft:cleft - cright,
+          dtx = txright>txleft?txright - txleft:txleft - txright,
+          dty = tyright>tyleft?tyright - tyleft:tyleft - tyright,
+          rc = dx?(cright - cleft)/dx:0,
+          rtx = dx?(txright - txleft)/dx:0,
+          rty = dx?(tyright - tyleft)/dx:0,
+          sc = cright>cleft?1:-1,
+          stx = txright>txleft?1:-1,
+          sty = tyright>tyleft?1:-1,
+          ndc = dc - (dx?dx*(dc/dx):0),
+          ndtx = dtx - (dx?dx*(dtx/dx):0),
+          ndty = dty - (dx?dx*(dty/dx):0);
+        int errc = dx>>1, errtx = errc, errty = errc;
+        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
+          cleft-=xleft*(cright - cleft)/dx;
+          txleft-=xleft*(txright - txleft)/dx;
+          tyleft-=xleft*(tyright - tyleft)/dx;
+        }
+        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
+        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
+        T* ptrd = data(xleft,y,0,0);
+        if (opacity>=1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+          const tc *col = texture.data(txleft,tyleft);
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            *ptrd = (T)(cleft<256?cleft**col/256:((512-cleft)**col+(cleft-256)*maxval)/256);
+            ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+          }
+          ptrd-=offx;
+          cleft+=rc+((errc-=ndc)<0?errc+=dx,sc:0);
+          txleft+=rtx+((errtx-=ndtx)<0?errtx+=dx,stx:0);
+          tyleft+=rty+((errty-=ndty)<0?errty+=dx,sty:0);
+        } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+          const tc *col = texture.data(txleft,tyleft);
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            const T val = (T)(cleft<256?cleft**col/256:((512-cleft)**col+(cleft-256)*maxval)/256);
+            *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
+            ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+          }
+          ptrd-=offx;
+          cleft+=rc+((errc-=ndc)<0?errc+=dx,sc:0);
+          txleft+=rtx+((errtx-=ndtx)<0?errtx+=dx,stx:0);
+          tyleft+=rty+((errty-=ndty)<0?errty+=dx,sty:0);
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a textured Gouraud-shaded 2d triangle, with perspective correction \overloading.
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
+                           const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
+                           const int x2, const int y2, const float z2,
+                           const CImg<tc>& texture,
+                           const int tx0, const int ty0,
+                           const int tx1, const int ty1,
+                           const int tx2, const int ty2,
+                           const float brightness0,
+                           const float brightness1,
+                           const float brightness2,
+                           const float opacity=1) {
+      if (is_empty() || z0<=0 || z1<=0 || z2<=0) return *this;
+      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
+      if (is_overlapped(texture)) return draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,
+                                                       brightness0,brightness1,brightness2,opacity);
+      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
+      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, twhd = (long)texture._width*texture._height*texture._depth,
+        offx = _spectrum*whd-1;
+      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2,
+        nc0 = (int)((brightness0<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness0>2.0f?2.0f:brightness0))*256.0f),
+        nc1 = (int)((brightness1<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness1>2.0f?2.0f:brightness1))*256.0f),
+        nc2 = (int)((brightness2<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness2>2.0f?2.0f:brightness2))*256.0f);
+      float
+        ntx0 = tx0/z0, nty0 = ty0/z0,
+        ntx1 = tx1/z1, nty1 = ty1/z1,
+        ntx2 = tx2/z2, nty2 = ty2/z2,
+        nz0 = 1/z0, nz1 = 1/z1, nz2 = 1/z2;
+      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,ntx0,ntx1,nty0,nty1,nz0,nz1,nc0,nc1);
+      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,ntx0,ntx2,nty0,nty2,nz0,nz2,nc0,nc2);
+      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,ntx1,ntx2,nty1,nty2,nz1,nz2,nc1,nc2);
+      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
+      float
+        ptxl = (ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0),
+        ptxr = (ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0),
+        ptxn = (ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1),
+        ptyl = (nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0),
+        ptyr = (nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0),
+        ptyn = (nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1),
+        pzl = (nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0),
+        pzr = (nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0),
+        pzn = (nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1),
+        zr = ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
+        txr = ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
+        tyr = ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
+        zl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0))):(pzl=pzn,(nz1 - ny1*(nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1))),
+        txl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
+          (ptxl=ptxn,(ntx1 - ny1*(ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1))),
+        tyl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
+          (ptyl=ptyn,(nty1 - ny1*(nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
+      _cimg_for_triangle2(*this,xleft0,cleft0,xright0,cright0,y,nx0,ny0,nc0,nx1,ny1,nc1,nx2,ny2,nc2) {
+        if (y==ny1) { zl = nz1; txl = ntx1; tyl = nty1; pzl = pzn; ptxl = ptxn; ptyl = ptyn; }
+        int
+          xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0,
+          cleft = cleft0, cright = cright0;
+        float
+          zleft = zl, zright = zr,
+          txleft = txl, txright = txr,
+          tyleft = tyl, tyright = tyr;
+        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,zleft,zright,txleft,txright,tyleft,tyright,cleft,cright);
+        const int
+          dx = xright - xleft,
+          dc = cright>cleft?cright - cleft:cleft - cright,
+          rc = dx?(cright - cleft)/dx:0,
+          sc = cright>cleft?1:-1,
+          ndc = dc - (dx?dx*(dc/dx):0);
+        const float
+          pentez = (zright - zleft)/dx,
+          pentetx = (txright - txleft)/dx,
+          pentety = (tyright - tyleft)/dx;
+        int errc = dx>>1;
+        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
+          cleft-=xleft*(cright - cleft)/dx;
+          zleft-=xleft*(zright - zleft)/dx;
+          txleft-=xleft*(txright - txleft)/dx;
+          tyleft-=xleft*(tyright - tyleft)/dx;
+        }
+        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
+        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
+        T* ptrd = data(xleft,y,0,0);
+        if (opacity>=1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+          const float invz = 1/zleft;
+          const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            *ptrd = (T)(cleft<256?cleft**col/256:((512-cleft)**col+(cleft-256)*maxval)/256);
+            ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+          }
+          ptrd-=offx; zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
+          cleft+=rc+((errc-=ndc)<0?errc+=dx,sc:0);
+        } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+          const float invz = 1/zleft;
+          const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            const T val = (T)(cleft<256?cleft**col/256:((512-cleft)**col+(cleft-256)*maxval)/256);
+            *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
+            ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+          }
+          ptrd-=offx; zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
+          cleft+=rc+((errc-=ndc)<0?errc+=dx,sc:0);
+        }
+        zr+=pzr; txr+=ptxr; tyr+=ptyr; zl+=pzl; txl+=ptxl; tyl+=ptyl;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a textured Gouraud-shaded 2d triangle, with perspective correction and z-buffering \overloading.
+    template<typename tz, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(CImg<tz>& zbuffer,
+                           const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
+                           const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
+                           const int x2, const int y2, const float z2,
+                           const CImg<tc>& texture,
+                           const int tx0, const int ty0,
+                           const int tx1, const int ty1,
+                           const int tx2, const int ty2,
+                           const float brightness0,
+                           const float brightness1,
+                           const float brightness2,
+                           const float opacity=1) {
+      typedef typename cimg::superset<tz,float>::type tzfloat;
+      if (is_empty() || z0<=0 || z1<=0 || z2<=0) return *this;
+      if (!is_sameXY(zbuffer))
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Instance and specified Z-buffer (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
+                                    "different dimensions.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    zbuffer._width,zbuffer._height,zbuffer._depth,zbuffer._spectrum,zbuffer._data);
+      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
+      if (is_overlapped(texture))
+        return draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,
+                                                       brightness0,brightness1,brightness2,opacity);
+      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
+      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, twhd = (long)texture._width*texture._height*texture._depth,
+        offx = _spectrum*whd;
+      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2,
+        nc0 = (int)((brightness0<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness0>2.0f?2.0f:brightness0))*256.0f),
+        nc1 = (int)((brightness1<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness1>2.0f?2.0f:brightness1))*256.0f),
+        nc2 = (int)((brightness2<0.0f?0.0f:(brightness2>2.0f?2.0f:brightness2))*256.0f);
+      float
+        ntx0 = tx0/z0, nty0 = ty0/z0,
+        ntx1 = tx1/z1, nty1 = ty1/z1,
+        ntx2 = tx2/z2, nty2 = ty2/z2;
+      tzfloat nz0 = 1/(tzfloat)z0, nz1 = 1/(tzfloat)z1, nz2 = 1/(tzfloat)z2;
+      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,ntx0,ntx1,nty0,nty1,nz0,nz1,nc0,nc1);
+      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,ntx0,ntx2,nty0,nty2,nz0,nz2,nc0,nc2);
+      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,ntx1,ntx2,nty1,nty2,nz1,nz2,nc1,nc2);
+      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
+      float
+        ptxl = (ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0),
+        ptxr = (ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0),
+        ptxn = (ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1),
+        ptyl = (nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0),
+        ptyr = (nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0),
+        ptyn = (nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1),
+        txr = ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
+        tyr = ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
+        txl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
+          (ptxl=ptxn,(ntx1 - ny1*(ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1))),
+        tyl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
+          (ptyl=ptyn,(nty1 - ny1*(nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
+      tzfloat
+        pzl = (nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0),
+        pzr = (nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0),
+        pzn = (nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1),
+        zr = ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
+        zl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0))):(pzl=pzn,(nz1 - ny1*(nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
+      _cimg_for_triangle2(*this,xleft0,cleft0,xright0,cright0,y,nx0,ny0,nc0,nx1,ny1,nc1,nx2,ny2,nc2) {
+        if (y==ny1) { zl = nz1; txl = ntx1; tyl = nty1; pzl = pzn; ptxl = ptxn; ptyl = ptyn; }
+        int xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0, cleft = cleft0, cright = cright0;
+        float txleft = txl, txright = txr, tyleft = tyl, tyright = tyr;
+        tzfloat zleft = zl, zright = zr;
+        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,zleft,zright,txleft,txright,tyleft,tyright,cleft,cright);
+        const int
+          dx = xright - xleft,
+          dc = cright>cleft?cright - cleft:cleft - cright,
+          rc = dx?(cright - cleft)/dx:0,
+          sc = cright>cleft?1:-1,
+          ndc = dc - (dx?dx*(dc/dx):0);
+        float pentetx = (txright - txleft)/dx, pentety = (tyright - tyleft)/dx;
+        const tzfloat pentez = (zright - zleft)/dx;
+        int errc = dx>>1;
+        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
+          cleft-=xleft*(cright - cleft)/dx;
+          zleft-=xleft*(zright - zleft)/dx;
+          txleft-=xleft*(txright - txleft)/dx;
+          tyleft-=xleft*(tyright - tyleft)/dx;
+        }
+        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
+        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
+        T* ptrd = data(xleft,y);
+        tz *ptrz = zbuffer.data(xleft,y);
+        if (opacity>=1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrd, ++ptrz) {
+            if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+              *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
+              const tzfloat invz = 1/zleft;
+              const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
+              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                *ptrd = (T)(cleft<256?cleft**col/256:((512-cleft)**col+(cleft-256)*maxval)/256);
+                ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+              }
+              ptrd-=offx;
+            }
+            zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
+            cleft+=rc+((errc-=ndc)<0?errc+=dx,sc:0);
+          } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrd, ++ptrz) {
+            if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+              *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
+              const tzfloat invz = 1/zleft;
+              const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
+              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                const T val = (T)(cleft<256?cleft**col/256:((512-cleft)**col+(cleft-256)*maxval)/256);
+                *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
+                ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+              }
+              ptrd-=offx;
+            }
+            zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
+            cleft+=rc+((errc-=ndc)<0?errc+=dx,sc:0);
+          }
+        zr+=pzr; txr+=ptxr; tyr+=ptyr; zl+=pzl; txl+=ptxl; tyl+=ptyl;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a textured Phong-shaded 2d triangle.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex in the image instance.
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex in the image instance.
+       \param x2 X-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
+       \param y2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex in the image instance.
+       \param texture Texture image used to fill the triangle.
+       \param tx0 X-coordinate of the first vertex in the texture image.
+       \param ty0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex in the texture image.
+       \param tx1 X-coordinate of the second vertex in the texture image.
+       \param ty1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex in the texture image.
+       \param tx2 X-coordinate of the third vertex in the texture image.
+       \param ty2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex in the texture image.
+       \param light Light image.
+       \param lx0 X-coordinate of the first vertex in the light image.
+       \param ly0 Y-coordinate of the first vertex in the light image.
+       \param lx1 X-coordinate of the second vertex in the light image.
+       \param ly1 Y-coordinate of the second vertex in the light image.
+       \param lx2 X-coordinate of the third vertex in the light image.
+       \param ly2 Y-coordinate of the third vertex in the light image.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+    **/
+    template<typename tc, typename tl>
+    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0,
+                           const int x1, const int y1,
+                           const int x2, const int y2,
+                           const CImg<tc>& texture,
+                           const int tx0, const int ty0,
+                           const int tx1, const int ty1,
+                           const int tx2, const int ty2,
+                           const CImg<tl>& light,
+                           const int lx0, const int ly0,
+                           const int lx1, const int ly1,
+                           const int lx2, const int ly2,
+                           const float opacity=1) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
+      if (light._depth>1 || light._spectrum<_spectrum)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified light texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,light._width,light._height,light._depth,light._spectrum,light._data);
+      if (is_overlapped(texture))
+        return draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,light,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity);
+      if (is_overlapped(light))
+        return draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,+light,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity);
+      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
+      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, twhd = (long)texture._width*texture._height*texture._depth,
+        offx = _spectrum*whd-1;
+      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2,
+        ntx0 = tx0, nty0 = ty0, ntx1 = tx1, nty1 = ty1, ntx2 = tx2, nty2 = ty2,
+        nlx0 = lx0, nly0 = ly0, nlx1 = lx1, nly1 = ly1, nlx2 = lx2, nly2 = ly2;
+      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,ntx0,ntx1,nty0,nty1,nlx0,nlx1,nly0,nly1);
+      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,ntx0,ntx2,nty0,nty2,nlx0,nlx2,nly0,nly2);
+      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,ntx1,ntx2,nty1,nty2,nlx1,nlx2,nly1,nly2);
+      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
+      _cimg_for_triangle5(*this,xleft0,lxleft0,lyleft0,txleft0,tyleft0,xright0,lxright0,lyright0,txright0,tyright0,y,
+                          nx0,ny0,nlx0,nly0,ntx0,nty0,nx1,ny1,nlx1,nly1,ntx1,nty1,nx2,ny2,nlx2,nly2,ntx2,nty2) {
+        int
+          xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0,
+          lxleft = lxleft0, lxright = lxright0,
+          lyleft = lyleft0, lyright = lyright0,
+          txleft = txleft0, txright = txright0,
+          tyleft = tyleft0, tyright = tyright0;
+        if (xright<xleft) cimg::swap(xleft,xright,lxleft,lxright,lyleft,lyright,txleft,txright,tyleft,tyright);
+        const int
+          dx = xright - xleft,
+          dlx = lxright>lxleft?lxright - lxleft:lxleft - lxright,
+          dly = lyright>lyleft?lyright - lyleft:lyleft - lyright,
+          dtx = txright>txleft?txright - txleft:txleft - txright,
+          dty = tyright>tyleft?tyright - tyleft:tyleft - tyright,
+          rlx = dx?(lxright - lxleft)/dx:0,
+          rly = dx?(lyright - lyleft)/dx:0,
+          rtx = dx?(txright - txleft)/dx:0,
+          rty = dx?(tyright - tyleft)/dx:0,
+          slx = lxright>lxleft?1:-1,
+          sly = lyright>lyleft?1:-1,
+          stx = txright>txleft?1:-1,
+          sty = tyright>tyleft?1:-1,
+          ndlx = dlx - (dx?dx*(dlx/dx):0),
+          ndly = dly - (dx?dx*(dly/dx):0),
+          ndtx = dtx - (dx?dx*(dtx/dx):0),
+          ndty = dty - (dx?dx*(dty/dx):0);
+        int errlx = dx>>1, errly = errlx, errtx = errlx, errty = errlx;
+        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
+          lxleft-=xleft*(lxright - lxleft)/dx;
+          lyleft-=xleft*(lyright - lyleft)/dx;
+          txleft-=xleft*(txright - txleft)/dx;
+          tyleft-=xleft*(tyright - tyleft)/dx;
+        }
+        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
+        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
+        T* ptrd = data(xleft,y,0,0);
+        if (opacity>=1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+          const tc *col = texture.data(txleft,tyleft);
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            const tl l = light(lxleft,lyleft,c);
+            *ptrd = (T)(l<1?l**col:(2-l)**col+(l-1)*maxval);
+            ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+          }
+          ptrd-=offx;
+          lxleft+=rlx+((errlx-=ndlx)<0?errlx+=dx,slx:0);
+          lyleft+=rly+((errly-=ndly)<0?errly+=dx,sly:0);
+          txleft+=rtx+((errtx-=ndtx)<0?errtx+=dx,stx:0);
+          tyleft+=rty+((errty-=ndty)<0?errty+=dx,sty:0);
+        } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+          const tc *col = texture.data(txleft,tyleft);
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            const tl l = light(lxleft,lyleft,c);
+            const T val = (T)(l<1?l**col:(2-l)**col+(l-1)*maxval);
+            *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
+            ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+          }
+          ptrd-=offx;
+          lxleft+=rlx+((errlx-=ndlx)<0?errlx+=dx,slx:0);
+          lyleft+=rly+((errly-=ndly)<0?errly+=dx,sly:0);
+          txleft+=rtx+((errtx-=ndtx)<0?errtx+=dx,stx:0);
+          tyleft+=rty+((errty-=ndty)<0?errty+=dx,sty:0);
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a textured Phong-shaded 2d triangle, with perspective correction.
+    template<typename tc, typename tl>
+    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
+                           const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
+                           const int x2, const int y2, const float z2,
+                           const CImg<tc>& texture,
+                           const int tx0, const int ty0,
+                           const int tx1, const int ty1,
+                           const int tx2, const int ty2,
+                           const CImg<tl>& light,
+                           const int lx0, const int ly0,
+                           const int lx1, const int ly1,
+                           const int lx2, const int ly2,
+                           const float opacity=1) {
+      if (is_empty() || z0<=0 || z1<=0 || z2<=0) return *this;
+      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
+      if (light._depth>1 || light._spectrum<_spectrum)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified light texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,light._width,light._height,light._depth,light._spectrum,light._data);
+      if (is_overlapped(texture))
+        return draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,+texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,
+                             light,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity);
+      if (is_overlapped(light))
+        return draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,
+                             +light,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity);
+      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
+      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, twhd = (long)texture._width*texture._height*texture._depth,
+        offx = _spectrum*whd-1;
+      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2,
+        nlx0 = lx0, nly0 = ly0, nlx1 = lx1, nly1 = ly1, nlx2 = lx2, nly2 = ly2;
+      float
+        ntx0 = tx0/z0, nty0 = ty0/z0,
+        ntx1 = tx1/z1, nty1 = ty1/z1,
+        ntx2 = tx2/z2, nty2 = ty2/z2,
+        nz0 = 1/z0, nz1 = 1/z1, nz2 = 1/z2;
+      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,ntx0,ntx1,nty0,nty1,nlx0,nlx1,nly0,nly1,nz0,nz1);
+      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,ntx0,ntx2,nty0,nty2,nlx0,nlx2,nly0,nly2,nz0,nz2);
+      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,ntx1,ntx2,nty1,nty2,nlx1,nlx2,nly1,nly2,nz1,nz2);
+      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
+      float
+        ptxl = (ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0),
+        ptxr = (ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0),
+        ptxn = (ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1),
+        ptyl = (nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0),
+        ptyr = (nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0),
+        ptyn = (nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1),
+        pzl = (nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0),
+        pzr = (nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0),
+        pzn = (nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1),
+        zr = ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
+        txr = ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
+        tyr = ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
+        zl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0))):(pzl=pzn,(nz1 - ny1*(nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1))),
+        txl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
+          (ptxl=ptxn,(ntx1 - ny1*(ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1))),
+        tyl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
+          (ptyl=ptyn,(nty1 - ny1*(nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
+      _cimg_for_triangle3(*this,xleft0,lxleft0,lyleft0,xright0,lxright0,lyright0,y,
+                          nx0,ny0,nlx0,nly0,nx1,ny1,nlx1,nly1,nx2,ny2,nlx2,nly2) {
+        if (y==ny1) { zl = nz1; txl = ntx1; tyl = nty1; pzl = pzn; ptxl = ptxn; ptyl = ptyn; }
+        int
+          xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0,
+          lxleft = lxleft0, lxright = lxright0,
+          lyleft = lyleft0, lyright = lyright0;
+        float
+          zleft = zl, zright = zr,
+          txleft = txl, txright = txr,
+          tyleft = tyl, tyright = tyr;
+        if (xright<xleft)
+          cimg::swap(xleft,xright,zleft,zright,txleft,txright,tyleft,tyright,lxleft,lxright,lyleft,lyright);
+        const int
+          dx = xright - xleft,
+          dlx = lxright>lxleft?lxright - lxleft:lxleft - lxright,
+          dly = lyright>lyleft?lyright - lyleft:lyleft - lyright,
+          rlx = dx?(lxright - lxleft)/dx:0,
+          rly = dx?(lyright - lyleft)/dx:0,
+          slx = lxright>lxleft?1:-1,
+          sly = lyright>lyleft?1:-1,
+          ndlx = dlx - (dx?dx*(dlx/dx):0),
+          ndly = dly - (dx?dx*(dly/dx):0);
+        const float
+          pentez = (zright - zleft)/dx,
+          pentetx = (txright - txleft)/dx,
+          pentety = (tyright - tyleft)/dx;
+        int errlx = dx>>1, errly = errlx;
+        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
+          zleft-=xleft*(zright - zleft)/dx;
+          lxleft-=xleft*(lxright - lxleft)/dx;
+          lyleft-=xleft*(lyright - lyleft)/dx;
+          txleft-=xleft*(txright - txleft)/dx;
+          tyleft-=xleft*(tyright - tyleft)/dx;
+        }
+        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
+        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
+        T* ptrd = data(xleft,y,0,0);
+        if (opacity>=1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+          const float invz = 1/zleft;
+          const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            const tl l = light(lxleft,lyleft,c);
+            *ptrd = (T)(l<1?l**col:(2-l)**col+(l-1)*maxval);
+            ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+          }
+          ptrd-=offx; zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
+          lxleft+=rlx+((errlx-=ndlx)<0?errlx+=dx,slx:0);
+          lyleft+=rly+((errly-=ndly)<0?errly+=dx,sly:0);
+        } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x) {
+          const float invz = 1/zleft;
+          const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+            const tl l = light(lxleft,lyleft,c);
+            const T val = (T)(l<1?l**col:(2-l)**col+(l-1)*maxval);
+            *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
+            ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+          }
+          ptrd-=offx; zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
+          lxleft+=rlx+((errlx-=ndlx)<0?errlx+=dx,slx:0);
+          lyleft+=rly+((errly-=ndly)<0?errly+=dx,sly:0);
+        }
+        zr+=pzr; txr+=ptxr; tyr+=ptyr; zl+=pzl; txl+=ptxl; tyl+=ptyl;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a textured Phong-shaded 2d triangle, with perspective correction and z-buffering.
+    template<typename tz, typename tc, typename tl>
+    CImg<T>& draw_triangle(CImg<tz>& zbuffer,
+                           const int x0, const int y0, const float z0,
+                           const int x1, const int y1, const float z1,
+                           const int x2, const int y2, const float z2,
+                           const CImg<tc>& texture,
+                           const int tx0, const int ty0,
+                           const int tx1, const int ty1,
+                           const int tx2, const int ty2,
+                           const CImg<tl>& light,
+                           const int lx0, const int ly0,
+                           const int lx1, const int ly1,
+                           const int lx2, const int ly2,
+                           const float opacity=1) {
+      typedef typename cimg::superset<tz,float>::type tzfloat;
+      if (is_empty() || z0<=0 || z1<=0 || z2<=0) return *this;
+      if (!is_sameXY(zbuffer))
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Instance and specified Z-buffer (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
+                                    "different dimensions.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    zbuffer._width,zbuffer._height,zbuffer._depth,zbuffer._spectrum,zbuffer._data);
+      if (texture._depth>1 || texture._spectrum<_spectrum)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    texture._width,texture._height,texture._depth,texture._spectrum,texture._data);
+      if (light._depth>1 || light._spectrum<_spectrum)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_triangle(): Invalid specified light texture (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,light._width,light._height,light._depth,light._spectrum,light._data);
+      if (is_overlapped(texture))
+        return draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,
+                             +texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,light,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity);
+      if (is_overlapped(light))
+        return draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,
+                             texture,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,+light,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity);
+      static const T maxval = (T)cimg::min(cimg::type<T>::max(),cimg::type<tc>::max());
+      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+      const long whd = (long)_width*_height*_depth, twhd = (long)texture._width*texture._height*texture._depth,
+        offx = _spectrum*whd;
+      int nx0 = x0, ny0 = y0, nx1 = x1, ny1 = y1, nx2 = x2, ny2 = y2,
+        nlx0 = lx0, nly0 = ly0, nlx1 = lx1, nly1 = ly1, nlx2 = lx2, nly2 = ly2;
+      float
+        ntx0 = tx0/z0, nty0 = ty0/z0,
+        ntx1 = tx1/z1, nty1 = ty1/z1,
+        ntx2 = tx2/z2, nty2 = ty2/z2;
+      tzfloat nz0 = 1/(tzfloat)z0, nz1 = 1/(tzfloat)z1, nz2 = 1/(tzfloat)z2;
+      if (ny0>ny1) cimg::swap(nx0,nx1,ny0,ny1,ntx0,ntx1,nty0,nty1,nlx0,nlx1,nly0,nly1,nz0,nz1);
+      if (ny0>ny2) cimg::swap(nx0,nx2,ny0,ny2,ntx0,ntx2,nty0,nty2,nlx0,nlx2,nly0,nly2,nz0,nz2);
+      if (ny1>ny2) cimg::swap(nx1,nx2,ny1,ny2,ntx1,ntx2,nty1,nty2,nlx1,nlx2,nly1,nly2,nz1,nz2);
+      if (ny0>=height() || ny2<0) return *this;
+      float
+        ptxl = (ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0),
+        ptxr = (ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0),
+        ptxn = (ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1),
+        ptyl = (nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0),
+        ptyr = (nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0),
+        ptyn = (nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1),
+        txr = ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx2 - ntx0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
+        tyr = ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty2 - nty0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
+        txl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?ntx0:(ntx0 - ny0*(ntx1 - ntx0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
+          (ptxl=ptxn,(ntx1 - ny1*(ntx2 - ntx1)/(ny2 - ny1))),
+        tyl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nty0:(nty0 - ny0*(nty1 - nty0)/(ny1 - ny0))):
+          (ptyl=ptyn,(nty1 - ny1*(nty2 - nty1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
+      tzfloat
+        pzl = (nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0),
+        pzr = (nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0),
+        pzn = (nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1),
+        zr = ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz2 - nz0)/(ny2 - ny0)),
+        zl = ny1>=0?(ny0>=0?nz0:(nz0 - ny0*(nz1 - nz0)/(ny1 - ny0))):(pzl=pzn,(nz1 - ny1*(nz2 - nz1)/(ny2 - ny1)));
+      _cimg_for_triangle3(*this,xleft0,lxleft0,lyleft0,xright0,lxright0,lyright0,y,
+                          nx0,ny0,nlx0,nly0,nx1,ny1,nlx1,nly1,nx2,ny2,nlx2,nly2) {
+        if (y==ny1) { zl = nz1; txl = ntx1; tyl = nty1; pzl = pzn; ptxl = ptxn; ptyl = ptyn; }
+        int
+          xleft = xleft0, xright = xright0,
+          lxleft = lxleft0, lxright = lxright0,
+          lyleft = lyleft0, lyright = lyright0;
+        float txleft = txl, txright = txr, tyleft = tyl, tyright = tyr;
+        tzfloat zleft = zl, zright = zr;
+        if (xright<xleft)
+          cimg::swap(xleft,xright,zleft,zright,txleft,txright,tyleft,tyright,lxleft,lxright,lyleft,lyright);
+        const int
+          dx = xright - xleft,
+          dlx = lxright>lxleft?lxright - lxleft:lxleft - lxright,
+          dly = lyright>lyleft?lyright - lyleft:lyleft - lyright,
+          rlx = dx?(lxright - lxleft)/dx:0,
+          rly = dx?(lyright - lyleft)/dx:0,
+          slx = lxright>lxleft?1:-1,
+          sly = lyright>lyleft?1:-1,
+          ndlx = dlx - (dx?dx*(dlx/dx):0),
+          ndly = dly - (dx?dx*(dly/dx):0);
+        float pentetx = (txright - txleft)/dx, pentety = (tyright - tyleft)/dx;
+        const tzfloat pentez = (zright - zleft)/dx;
+        int errlx = dx>>1, errly = errlx;
+        if (xleft<0 && dx) {
+          zleft-=xleft*(zright - zleft)/dx;
+          lxleft-=xleft*(lxright - lxleft)/dx;
+          lyleft-=xleft*(lyright - lyleft)/dx;
+          txleft-=xleft*(txright - txleft)/dx;
+          tyleft-=xleft*(tyright - tyleft)/dx;
+        }
+        if (xleft<0) xleft = 0;
+        if (xright>=width()-1) xright = width()-1;
+        T* ptrd = data(xleft,y);
+        tz *ptrz = zbuffer.data(xleft,y);
+        if (opacity>=1) for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
+            if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+              *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
+              const tzfloat invz = 1/zleft;
+              const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
+              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                const tl l = light(lxleft,lyleft,c);
+                *ptrd = (T)(l<1?l**col:(2-l)**col+(l-1)*maxval);
+                ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+              }
+              ptrd-=offx;
+            }
+            zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
+            lxleft+=rlx+((errlx-=ndlx)<0?errlx+=dx,slx:0);
+            lyleft+=rly+((errly-=ndly)<0?errly+=dx,sly:0);
+          } else for (int x = xleft; x<=xright; ++x, ++ptrz, ++ptrd) {
+            if (zleft>=(tzfloat)*ptrz) {
+              *ptrz = (tz)zleft;
+              const tzfloat invz = 1/zleft;
+              const tc *col = texture.data((int)(txleft*invz),(int)(tyleft*invz));
+              cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+                const tl l = light(lxleft,lyleft,c);
+                const T val = (T)(l<1?l**col:(2-l)**col+(l-1)*maxval);
+                *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity);
+                ptrd+=whd; col+=twhd;
+              }
+              ptrd-=offx;
+            }
+            zleft+=pentez; txleft+=pentetx; tyleft+=pentety;
+            lxleft+=rlx+((errlx-=ndlx)<0?errlx+=dx,slx:0);
+            lyleft+=rly+((errly-=ndly)<0?errly+=dx,sly:0);
+          }
+        zr+=pzr; txr+=ptxr; tyr+=ptyr; zl+=pzl; txl+=ptxl; tyl+=ptyl;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a filled 4d rectangle.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the upper-left rectangle corner.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the upper-left rectangle corner.
+       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the upper-left rectangle corner.
+       \param c0 C-coordinate of the upper-left rectangle corner.
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the lower-right rectangle corner.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the lower-right rectangle corner.
+       \param z1 Z-coordinate of the lower-right rectangle corner.
+       \param c1 C-coordinate of the lower-right rectangle corner.
+       \param val Scalar value used to fill the rectangle area.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& draw_rectangle(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0, const int c0,
+                            const int x1, const int y1, const int z1, const int c1,
+                            const T val, const float opacity=1) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const bool bx = (x0<x1), by = (y0<y1), bz = (z0<z1), bc = (c0<c1);
+      const int
+        nx0 = bx?x0:x1, nx1 = bx?x1:x0,
+        ny0 = by?y0:y1, ny1 = by?y1:y0,
+        nz0 = bz?z0:z1, nz1 = bz?z1:z0,
+        nc0 = bc?c0:c1, nc1 = bc?c1:c0;
+      const int
+        lX = (1 + nx1 - nx0) + (nx1>=width()?width() - 1 - nx1:0) + (nx0<0?nx0:0),
+        lY = (1 + ny1 - ny0) + (ny1>=height()?height() - 1 - ny1:0) + (ny0<0?ny0:0),
+        lZ = (1 + nz1 - nz0) + (nz1>=depth()?depth() - 1 - nz1:0) + (nz0<0?nz0:0),
+        lC = (1 + nc1 - nc0) + (nc1>=spectrum()?spectrum() - 1 - nc1:0) + (nc0<0?nc0:0);
+      const unsigned long
+        offX = (unsigned long)_width - lX,
+        offY = (unsigned long)_width*(_height - lY),
+        offZ = (unsigned long)_width*_height*(_depth - lZ);
+      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+      T *ptrd = data(nx0<0?0:nx0,ny0<0?0:ny0,nz0<0?0:nz0,nc0<0?0:nc0);
+      if (lX>0 && lY>0 && lZ>0 && lC>0)
+        for (int v = 0; v<lC; ++v) {
+          for (int z = 0; z<lZ; ++z) {
+            for (int y = 0; y<lY; ++y) {
+              if (opacity>=1) {
+                if (sizeof(T)!=1) { for (int x = 0; x<lX; ++x) *(ptrd++) = val; ptrd+=offX; }
+                else { std::memset(ptrd,(int)val,lX); ptrd+=_width; }
+              } else { for (int x = 0; x<lX; ++x) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val + *ptrd*copacity); ++ptrd; } ptrd+=offX; }
+            }
+            ptrd+=offY;
+          }
+          ptrd+=offZ;
+        }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a filled 3d rectangle.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the upper-left rectangle corner.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the upper-left rectangle corner.
+       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the upper-left rectangle corner.
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the lower-right rectangle corner.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the lower-right rectangle corner.
+       \param z1 Z-coordinate of the lower-right rectangle corner.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+    **/
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_rectangle(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0,
+                            const int x1, const int y1, const int z1,
+                            const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (!color)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_rectangle(): Specified color is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      cimg_forC(*this,c) draw_rectangle(x0,y0,z0,c,x1,y1,z1,c,(T)color[c],opacity);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw an outlined 3d rectangle \overloading.
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_rectangle(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0,
+                            const int x1, const int y1, const int z1,
+                            const tc *const color, const float opacity,
+                            const unsigned int pattern) {
+      return draw_line(x0,y0,z0,x1,y0,z0,color,opacity,pattern,true).
+	draw_line(x1,y0,z0,x1,y1,z0,color,opacity,pattern,false).
+	draw_line(x1,y1,z0,x0,y1,z0,color,opacity,pattern,false).
+	draw_line(x0,y1,z0,x0,y0,z0,color,opacity,pattern,false).
+	draw_line(x0,y0,z1,x1,y0,z1,color,opacity,pattern,true).
+	draw_line(x1,y0,z1,x1,y1,z1,color,opacity,pattern,false).
+	draw_line(x1,y1,z1,x0,y1,z1,color,opacity,pattern,false).
+	draw_line(x0,y1,z1,x0,y0,z1,color,opacity,pattern,false).
+	draw_line(x0,y0,z0,x0,y0,z1,color,opacity,pattern,true).
+	draw_line(x1,y0,z0,x1,y0,z1,color,opacity,pattern,true).
+	draw_line(x1,y1,z0,x1,y1,z1,color,opacity,pattern,true).
+	draw_line(x0,y1,z0,x0,y1,z1,color,opacity,pattern,true);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a filled 2d rectangle.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the upper-left rectangle corner.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the upper-left rectangle corner.
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the lower-right rectangle corner.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the lower-right rectangle corner.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+    **/
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_rectangle(const int x0, const int y0,
+                            const int x1, const int y1,
+                            const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
+      return draw_rectangle(x0,y0,0,x1,y1,_depth-1,color,opacity);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a outlined 2d rectangle \overloading.
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_rectangle(const int x0, const int y0,
+                            const int x1, const int y1,
+                            const tc *const color, const float opacity,
+                            const unsigned int pattern) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (y0==y1) return draw_line(x0,y0,x1,y0,color,opacity,pattern,true);
+      if (x0==x1) return draw_line(x0,y0,x0,y1,color,opacity,pattern,true);
+      const bool bx = (x0<x1), by = (y0<y1);
+      const int
+        nx0 = bx?x0:x1, nx1 = bx?x1:x0,
+        ny0 = by?y0:y1, ny1 = by?y1:y0;
+      if (ny1==ny0+1) return draw_line(nx0,ny0,nx1,ny0,color,opacity,pattern,true).
+                      draw_line(nx1,ny1,nx0,ny1,color,opacity,pattern,false);
+      return draw_line(nx0,ny0,nx1,ny0,color,opacity,pattern,true).
+        draw_line(nx1,ny0+1,nx1,ny1-1,color,opacity,pattern,false).
+        draw_line(nx1,ny1,nx0,ny1,color,opacity,pattern,false).
+        draw_line(nx0,ny1-1,nx0,ny0+1,color,opacity,pattern,false);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a filled 2d polygon.
+    /**
+       \param points Set of polygon vertices.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values of type \c T, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+     **/
+    template<typename t, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_polygon(const CImg<t>& points,
+                          const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
+      if (is_empty() || !points) return *this;
+      if (!color)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_polygon(): Specified color is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      // Normalize 2d input coordinates (remove adjacent duplicates).
+      CImg<intT> npoints(points._width,2);
+      unsigned int nb_points = 1, p = 0;
+      int cx = npoints(0,0) = (int)points(0,0), cy = npoints(0,1) = (int)points(0,1);
+      const int cx0 = cx, cy0 = cy;
+      for (p = 1; p<points._width; ++p) {
+        const int nx = (int)points(p,0), ny = (int)points(p,1);
+        if (nx!=cx || ny!=cy) { npoints(nb_points,0) = nx; npoints(nb_points++,1) = ny; cx = nx; cy = ny; }
+      }
+      --p;
+      if ((int)points(p,0)==cx0 && (int)points(p,1)==cy0) --nb_points;
+      if (nb_points<=1) return draw_point((int)npoints(0,0),(int)npoints(0,1),color,opacity);
+      if (nb_points==2) return draw_line((int)npoints(0,0),(int)npoints(0,1),
+                                         (int)npoints(1,0),(int)npoints(1,1),color,opacity);
+      if (nb_points==3) return draw_triangle((int)npoints(0,0),(int)npoints(0,1),
+                                             (int)npoints(1,0),(int)npoints(1,1),
+                                             (int)npoints(2,0),(int)npoints(2,1),color,opacity);
+
+      // Shift the coordinates so that the first and last vertices are not located on the same scanline.
+      if (npoints(0,1)==npoints(nb_points-1,1)) {
+        const intT y0 = npoints(0,1);
+        unsigned int off = 1;
+        while ((int)npoints(off,1)==y0 && off<nb_points) ++off;
+        if (off<nb_points) {
+          npoints.get_shared_points(0,nb_points-1,0).shift(-(int)off,0,0,0,2);
+          npoints.get_shared_points(0,nb_points-1,1).shift(-(int)off,0,0,0,2);
+        }
+      }
+
+      cimg_init_scanline(color,1);
+
+      if (opacity!=1) { // For non-opaque polygons, do a little trick to avoid horizontal lines artefacts.
+        npoints.resize(nb_points,2,1,1,0);
+        CImg<intT> npoints_x = npoints.get_shared_row(0), npoints_y = npoints.get_shared_row(1);
+        int xmax = 0, xmin = (int)npoints_x.min_max(xmax), ymax = 0, ymin = (int)npoints_y.min_max(ymax);
+        if (xmax<0 || xmin>=width() || ymax<0 || ymin>=height()) return *this;
+        if (ymin==ymax) return cimg_draw_scanline(xmin,xmax,ymin,color,opacity,1);
+        const unsigned int
+          nxmin = xmin<0?0:(unsigned int)xmin, nxmax = xmax>=width()?_width-1:(unsigned int)xmax,
+          nymin = ymin<0?0:(unsigned int)ymin, nymax = ymax>=height()?_height-1:(unsigned int)ymax,
+          dx = 1 + nxmax - nxmin,
+          dy = 1 + nymax - nymin;
+        npoints_x-=nxmin; npoints_y-=nymin;
+        unsigned char one = 1;
+        const CImg<unsigned char> mask = CImg<unsigned char>(dx,dy,1,1,0).draw_polygon(npoints,&one,1);
+        CImg<T> _color(dx,dy,1,spectrum());
+        cimg_forC(_color,c) _color.get_shared_channel(c).fill(color[c]);
+        return draw_image(nxmin,nymin,0,0,_color,mask,opacity,1);
+      }
+
+      // Draw polygon segments.
+      int
+        xmax = 0, xmin = (int)npoints.get_shared_points(0,nb_points-1,0).min_max(xmax),
+        ymax = 0, ymin = (int)npoints.get_shared_points(0,nb_points-1,1).min_max(ymax);
+      if (xmax<0 || xmin>=width() || ymax<0 || ymin>=height()) return *this;
+      if (ymin==ymax) return cimg_draw_scanline(xmin,xmax,ymin,color,1,1);
+      const unsigned int
+        nymin = ymin<0?0:(unsigned int)ymin,
+        nymax = ymax>=height()?_height-1:(unsigned int)ymax,
+        dy = 1 + nymax - nymin;
+      CImg<intT> X(1+2*nb_points,dy,1,1,0), tmp;
+      cx = (int)npoints(0,0), cy = (int)npoints(0,1);
+      unsigned int cp = 0;
+      for (unsigned int p = 0; p<nb_points; ++p) {
+        const unsigned int np = (p!=nb_points-1)?p+1:0, ap = (np!=nb_points-1)?np+1:0;
+        const int
+          nx = (int)npoints(np,0), ny = (int)npoints(np,1), ay = (int)npoints(ap,1),
+          y0 = cy - nymin, y1 = ny - nymin;
+        if (y0!=y1) {
+          const int countermin = ((ny<ay && cy<ny) || (ny>ay && cy>ny))?1:0;
+          for (int x = cx, y = y0, _sx = 1, _sy = 1,
+                 _dx = nx>cx?nx-cx:((_sx=-1),cx-nx),
+                 _dy = y1>y0?y1-y0:((_sy=-1),y0-y1),
+                 _counter = ((_dx-=_dy?_dy*(_dx/_dy):0),_dy),
+                 _err = _dx>>1,
+                 _rx = _dy?(nx-cx)/_dy:0;
+               _counter>=countermin;
+               --_counter, y+=_sy, x+=_rx + ((_err-=_dx)<0?_err+=_dy,_sx:0))
+            if (y>=0 && y<(int)dy) X(++X(0,y),y) = x;
+          cp = np; cx = nx; cy = ny;
+        } else {
+          const int pp = (cp?cp-1:nb_points-1), py = (int)npoints(pp,1);
+          if (y0>=0 && y0<(int)dy) {
+            cimg_draw_scanline(cx<nx?cx:nx,cx<nx?nx:cx,y0+nymin,color,1,1);
+            if ((cy>py && ay>cy) || (cy<py && ay<cy)) X(++X(0,y0),y0) = cx;
+          }
+          if (cy!=ay) { cp = np; cx = nx; cy = ny; }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Draw polygon scanlines.
+      for (int y = 0; y<(int)dy; ++y) {
+        tmp.assign(X.data(1,y),X(0,y),1,1,1,true).sort();
+        for (int i = 1; i<=X(0,y); ) {
+          const int xb = X(i++,y), xe = X(i++,y);
+          cimg_draw_scanline(xb,xe,nymin+y,color,1,1);
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a outlined 2d polygon \overloading.
+    template<typename t, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_polygon(const CImg<t>& points,
+                          const tc *const color, const float opacity, const unsigned int pattern) {
+      if (is_empty() || !points || points._width<3) return *this;
+      bool ninit_hatch = true;
+      switch (points._height) {
+      case 0 : case 1 :
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_polygon(): Invalid specified point set.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      case 2 : { // 2d version.
+        CImg<intT> npoints(points._width,2);
+        int x = npoints(0,0) = (int)points(0,0), y = npoints(0,1) = (int)points(0,1);
+        unsigned int nb_points = 1;
+        for (unsigned int p = 1; p<points._width; ++p) {
+          const int nx = (int)points(p,0), ny = (int)points(p,1);
+          if (nx!=x || ny!=y) { npoints(nb_points,0) = nx; npoints(nb_points++,1) = ny; x = nx; y = ny; }
+        }
+        const int x0 = (int)npoints(0,0), y0 = (int)npoints(0,1);
+        int ox = x0, oy = y0;
+        for (unsigned int i = 1; i<nb_points; ++i) {
+          const int x = (int)npoints(i,0), y = (int)npoints(i,1);
+          draw_line(ox,oy,x,y,color,opacity,pattern,ninit_hatch);
+          ninit_hatch = false;
+          ox = x; oy = y;
+        }
+        draw_line(ox,oy,x0,y0,color,opacity,pattern,false);
+      } break;
+      default : { // 3d version.
+        CImg<intT> npoints(points._width,3);
+        int
+          x = npoints(0,0) = (int)points(0,0),
+          y = npoints(0,1) = (int)points(0,1),
+          z = npoints(0,2) = (int)points(0,2);
+        unsigned int nb_points = 1;
+        for (unsigned int p = 1; p<points._width; ++p) {
+          const int nx = (int)points(p,0), ny = (int)points(p,1), nz = (int)points(p,2);
+          if (nx!=x || ny!=y || nz!=z) {
+            npoints(nb_points,0) = nx; npoints(nb_points,1) = ny; npoints(nb_points++,2) = nz;
+            x = nx; y = ny; z = nz;
+          }
+        }
+        const int x0 = (int)npoints(0,0), y0 = (int)npoints(0,1), z0 = (int)npoints(0,2);
+        int ox = x0, oy = y0, oz = z0;
+        for (unsigned int i = 1; i<nb_points; ++i) {
+          const int x = (int)npoints(i,0), y = (int)npoints(i,1), z = (int)npoints(i,2);
+          draw_line(ox,oy,oz,x,y,z,color,opacity,pattern,ninit_hatch);
+          ninit_hatch = false;
+          ox = x; oy = y; oz = z;
+        }
+        draw_line(ox,oy,oz,x0,y0,z0,color,opacity,pattern,false);
+      }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a filled 2d ellipse.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the ellipse center.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the ellipse center.
+       \param r1 First radius of the ellipse.
+       \param r2 Second radius of the ellipse.
+       \param angle Angle of the first radius.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+    **/
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_ellipse(const int x0, const int y0, const float r1, const float r2, const float angle,
+                          const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
+      return _draw_ellipse(x0,y0,r1,r2,angle,color,opacity,0U);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a filled 2d ellipse \overloading.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the ellipse center.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the ellipse center.
+       \param tensor Diffusion tensor describing the ellipse.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+    **/
+    template<typename t, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_ellipse(const int x0, const int y0, const CImg<t> &tensor,
+                          const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
+      CImgList<t> eig = tensor.get_symmetric_eigen();
+      const CImg<t> &val = eig[0], &vec = eig[1];
+      return draw_ellipse(x0,y0,std::sqrt(val(0)),std::sqrt(val(1)),
+                          std::atan2(vec(0,1),vec(0,0))*180/cimg::PI,
+                          color,opacity);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw an outlined 2d ellipse.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the ellipse center.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the ellipse center.
+       \param r1 First radius of the ellipse.
+       \param r2 Second radius of the ellipse.
+       \param angle Angle of the first radius.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the outline pattern.
+    **/
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_ellipse(const int x0, const int y0, const float r1, const float r2, const float angle,
+                          const tc *const color, const float opacity, const unsigned int pattern) {
+      if (pattern) _draw_ellipse(x0,y0,r1,r2,angle,color,opacity,pattern);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw an outlined 2d ellipse \overloading.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the ellipse center.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the ellipse center.
+       \param tensor Diffusion tensor describing the ellipse.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the outline pattern.
+    **/
+    template<typename t, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_ellipse(const int x0, const int y0, const CImg<t> &tensor,
+                          const tc *const color, const float opacity,
+                          const unsigned int pattern) {
+      CImgList<t> eig = tensor.get_symmetric_eigen();
+      const CImg<t> &val = eig[0], &vec = eig[1];
+      return draw_ellipse(x0,y0,std::sqrt(val(0)),std::sqrt(val(1)),
+                          std::atan2(vec(0,1),vec(0,0))*180/cimg::PI,
+                          color,opacity,pattern);
+    }
+
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& _draw_ellipse(const int x0, const int y0, const float r1, const float r2, const float angle,
+                           const tc *const color, const float opacity,
+                           const unsigned int pattern) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (!color)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_ellipse(): Specified color is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (r1<=0 || r2<=0) return draw_point(x0,y0,color,opacity);
+      cimg_init_scanline(color,opacity);
+      const float
+        nr1 = cimg::abs(r1), nr2 = cimg::abs(r2),
+        nangle = (float)(angle*cimg::PI/180),
+        u = (float)std::cos(nangle),
+        v = (float)std::sin(nangle),
+        rmax = cimg::max(nr1,nr2),
+        l1 = (float)std::pow(rmax/(nr1>0?nr1:1e-6),2),
+        l2 = (float)std::pow(rmax/(nr2>0?nr2:1e-6),2),
+        a = l1*u*u + l2*v*v,
+        b = u*v*(l1-l2),
+        c = l1*v*v + l2*u*u;
+      const int
+        yb = (int)std::sqrt(a*rmax*rmax/(a*c - b*b)),
+        tymin = y0 - yb - 1,
+        tymax = y0 + yb + 1,
+        ymin = tymin<0?0:tymin,
+        ymax = tymax>=height()?height()-1:tymax;
+      int oxmin = 0, oxmax = 0;
+      bool first_line = true;
+      for (int y = ymin; y<=ymax; ++y) {
+        const float
+          Y = y - y0 + (y<y0?0.5f:-0.5f),
+          delta = b*b*Y*Y - a*(c*Y*Y - rmax*rmax),
+          sdelta = delta>0?(float)std::sqrt(delta)/a:0.0f,
+          bY = b*Y/a,
+          fxmin = x0 - 0.5f - bY - sdelta,
+          fxmax = x0 + 0.5f - bY + sdelta;
+        const int xmin = (int)fxmin, xmax = (int)fxmax;
+        if (!pattern) cimg_draw_scanline(xmin,xmax,y,color,opacity,1);
+        else {
+          if (first_line) {
+            if (y0-yb>=0) cimg_draw_scanline(xmin,xmax,y,color,opacity,1);
+            else draw_point(xmin,y,color,opacity).draw_point(xmax,y,color,opacity);
+            first_line = false;
+          } else {
+            if (xmin<oxmin) cimg_draw_scanline(xmin,oxmin-1,y,color,opacity,1);
+            else cimg_draw_scanline(oxmin+(oxmin==xmin?0:1),xmin,y,color,opacity,1);
+            if (xmax<oxmax) cimg_draw_scanline(xmax,oxmax-1,y,color,opacity,1);
+            else cimg_draw_scanline(oxmax+(oxmax==xmax?0:1),xmax,y,color,opacity,1);
+            if (y==tymax) cimg_draw_scanline(xmin+1,xmax-1,y,color,opacity,1);
+          }
+        }
+        oxmin = xmin; oxmax = xmax;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a filled 2d circle.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the circle center.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the circle center.
+       \param radius  Circle radius.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \note
+       - Circle version of the Bresenham's algorithm is used.
+    **/
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_circle(const int x0, const int y0, int radius,
+                         const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (!color)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_circle(): Specified color is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      cimg_init_scanline(color,opacity);
+      if (radius<0 || x0-radius>=width() || y0+radius<0 || y0-radius>=height()) return *this;
+      if (y0>=0 && y0<height()) cimg_draw_scanline(x0-radius,x0+radius,y0,color,opacity,1);
+      for (int f = 1-radius, ddFx = 0, ddFy = -(radius<<1), x = 0, y = radius; x<y; ) {
+        if (f>=0) {
+          const int x1 = x0-x, x2 = x0+x, y1 = y0-y, y2 = y0+y;
+          if (y1>=0 && y1<height()) cimg_draw_scanline(x1,x2,y1,color,opacity,1);
+          if (y2>=0 && y2<height()) cimg_draw_scanline(x1,x2,y2,color,opacity,1);
+          f+=(ddFy+=2); --y;
+        }
+        const bool no_diag = y!=(x++);
+        ++(f+=(ddFx+=2));
+        const int x1 = x0-y, x2 = x0+y, y1 = y0-x, y2 = y0+x;
+        if (no_diag) {
+          if (y1>=0 && y1<height()) cimg_draw_scanline(x1,x2,y1,color,opacity,1);
+          if (y2>=0 && y2<height()) cimg_draw_scanline(x1,x2,y2,color,opacity,1);
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw an outlined 2d circle.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the circle center.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the circle center.
+       \param radius Circle radius.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param pattern An integer whose bits describe the outline pattern.
+    **/
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_circle(const int x0, const int y0, int radius,
+                         const tc *const color, const float opacity,
+                         const unsigned int pattern) {
+      cimg::unused(pattern);
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (!color)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_circle(): Specified color is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (radius<0 || x0-radius>=width() || y0+radius<0 || y0-radius>=height()) return *this;
+      if (!radius) return draw_point(x0,y0,color,opacity);
+      draw_point(x0-radius,y0,color,opacity).draw_point(x0+radius,y0,color,opacity).
+        draw_point(x0,y0-radius,color,opacity).draw_point(x0,y0+radius,color,opacity);
+      if (radius==1) return *this;
+      for (int f = 1-radius, ddFx = 0, ddFy = -(radius<<1), x = 0, y = radius; x<y; ) {
+        if (f>=0) { f+=(ddFy+=2); --y; }
+        ++x; ++(f+=(ddFx+=2));
+        if (x!=y+1) {
+          const int x1 = x0-y, x2 = x0+y, y1 = y0-x, y2 = y0+x, x3 = x0-x, x4 = x0+x, y3 = y0-y, y4 = y0+y;
+          draw_point(x1,y1,color,opacity).draw_point(x1,y2,color,opacity).
+            draw_point(x2,y1,color,opacity).draw_point(x2,y2,color,opacity);
+          if (x!=y)
+            draw_point(x3,y3,color,opacity).draw_point(x4,y4,color,opacity).
+              draw_point(x4,y3,color,opacity).draw_point(x3,y4,color,opacity);
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw an image.
+    /**
+       \param sprite Sprite image.
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the sprite position.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the sprite position.
+       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the sprite position.
+       \param c0 C-coordinate of the sprite position.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& draw_image(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0, const int c0,
+                        const CImg<t>& sprite, const float opacity=1) {
+      if (is_empty() || !sprite) return *this;
+      if (is_overlapped(sprite)) return draw_image(x0,y0,z0,c0,+sprite,opacity);
+      if (x0==0 && y0==0 && z0==0 && c0==0 && is_sameXYZC(sprite) && opacity>=1 && !is_shared())
+        return assign(sprite,false);
+      const bool bx = (x0<0), by = (y0<0), bz = (z0<0), bc = (c0<0);
+      const int
+        lX = sprite.width() - (x0 + sprite.width()>width()?x0 + sprite.width() - width():0) + (bx?x0:0),
+        lY = sprite.height() - (y0 + sprite.height()>height()?y0 + sprite.height() - height():0) + (by?y0:0),
+        lZ = sprite.depth() - (z0 + sprite.depth()>depth()?z0 + sprite.depth() - depth():0) + (bz?z0:0),
+        lC = sprite.spectrum() - (c0 + sprite.spectrum()>spectrum()?c0 + sprite.spectrum() - spectrum():0) + (bc?c0:0);
+      const t
+        *ptrs = sprite._data -
+        (bx?x0:0) -
+        (by?y0*sprite.width():0) -
+        (bz?z0*sprite.width()*sprite.height():0) -
+        (bc?c0*sprite.width()*sprite.height()*sprite.depth():0);
+      const unsigned long
+        offX = (unsigned long)_width - lX,
+        soffX = (unsigned long)sprite._width - lX,
+        offY = (unsigned long)_width*(_height - lY),
+        soffY = (unsigned long)sprite._width*(sprite._height - lY),
+        offZ = (unsigned long)_width*_height*(_depth - lZ),
+        soffZ = (unsigned long)sprite._width*sprite._height*(sprite._depth - lZ);
+      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+      if (lX>0 && lY>0 && lZ>0 && lC>0) {
+        T *ptrd = data(x0<0?0:x0,y0<0?0:y0,z0<0?0:z0,c0<0?0:c0);
+        for (int v = 0; v<lC; ++v) {
+          for (int z = 0; z<lZ; ++z) {
+            for (int y = 0; y<lY; ++y) {
+              if (opacity>=1) for (int x = 0; x<lX; ++x) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+              else for (int x = 0; x<lX; ++x) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*(*(ptrs++)) + *ptrd*copacity); ++ptrd; }
+              ptrd+=offX; ptrs+=soffX;
+            }
+            ptrd+=offY; ptrs+=soffY;
+          }
+          ptrd+=offZ; ptrs+=soffZ;
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw an image \specialization.
+    CImg<T>& draw_image(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0, const int c0,
+                        const CImg<T>& sprite, const float opacity=1) {
+      if (is_empty() || !sprite) return *this;
+      if (is_overlapped(sprite)) return draw_image(x0,y0,z0,c0,+sprite,opacity);
+      if (x0==0 && y0==0 && z0==0 && c0==0 && is_sameXYZC(sprite) && opacity>=1 && !is_shared())
+        return assign(sprite,false);
+      const bool bx = (x0<0), by = (y0<0), bz = (z0<0), bc = (c0<0);
+      const int
+        lX = sprite.width() - (x0 + sprite.width()>width()?x0 + sprite.width() - width():0) + (bx?x0:0),
+        lY = sprite.height() - (y0 + sprite.height()>height()?y0 + sprite.height() - height():0) + (by?y0:0),
+        lZ = sprite.depth() - (z0 + sprite.depth()>depth()?z0 + sprite.depth() - depth():0) + (bz?z0:0),
+        lC = sprite.spectrum() - (c0 + sprite.spectrum()>spectrum()?c0 + sprite.spectrum() - spectrum():0) + (bc?c0:0);
+      const T
+        *ptrs = sprite._data -
+        (bx?x0:0) -
+        (by?y0*sprite.width():0) -
+        (bz?z0*sprite.width()*sprite.height():0) -
+        (bc?c0*sprite.width()*sprite.height()*sprite.depth():0);
+      const unsigned long
+        offX = (unsigned long)_width - lX,
+        soffX = (unsigned long)sprite._width - lX,
+        offY = (unsigned long)_width*(_height - lY),
+        soffY = (unsigned long)sprite._width*(sprite._height - lY),
+        offZ = (unsigned long)_width*_height*(_depth - lZ),
+        soffZ = (unsigned long)sprite._width*sprite._height*(sprite._depth - lZ),
+        slX = lX*sizeof(T);
+      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+      if (lX>0 && lY>0 && lZ>0 && lC>0) {
+        T *ptrd = data(x0<0?0:x0,y0<0?0:y0,z0<0?0:z0,c0<0?0:c0);
+        for (int v = 0; v<lC; ++v) {
+          for (int z = 0; z<lZ; ++z) {
+            if (opacity>=1)
+              for (int y = 0; y<lY; ++y) { std::memcpy(ptrd,ptrs,slX); ptrd+=_width; ptrs+=sprite._width; }
+            else for (int y = 0; y<lY; ++y) {
+                for (int x = 0; x<lX; ++x) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*(*(ptrs++)) + *ptrd*copacity); ++ptrd; }
+                ptrd+=offX; ptrs+=soffX;
+              }
+            ptrd+=offY; ptrs+=soffY;
+          }
+          ptrd+=offZ; ptrs+=soffZ;
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw an image \overloading.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& draw_image(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0,
+                        const CImg<t>& sprite, const float opacity=1) {
+      return draw_image(x0,y0,z0,0,sprite,opacity);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw an image \overloading.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& draw_image(const int x0, const int y0,
+                        const CImg<t>& sprite, const float opacity=1) {
+      return draw_image(x0,y0,0,sprite,opacity);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw an image \overloading.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& draw_image(const int x0,
+                        const CImg<t>& sprite, const float opacity=1) {
+      return draw_image(x0,0,sprite,opacity);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw an image \overloading.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImg<T>& draw_image(const CImg<t>& sprite, const float opacity=1) {
+      return draw_image(0,sprite,opacity);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a masked image.
+    /**
+       \param sprite Sprite image.
+       \param mask Mask image.
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the sprite position in the image instance.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the sprite position in the image instance.
+       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the sprite position in the image instance.
+       \param c0 C-coordinate of the sprite position in the image instance.
+       \param mask_max_value Maximum pixel value of the mask image \c mask.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \note
+       - Pixel values of \c mask set the opacity of the corresponding pixels in \c sprite.
+       - Dimensions along x,y and z of \p sprite and \p mask must be the same.
+    **/
+    template<typename ti, typename tm>
+    CImg<T>& draw_image(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0, const int c0,
+                        const CImg<ti>& sprite, const CImg<tm>& mask, const float opacity=1,
+                        const float mask_max_value=1) {
+      if (is_empty() || !sprite || !mask) return *this;
+      if (is_overlapped(sprite)) return draw_image(x0,y0,z0,c0,+sprite,mask,opacity,mask_max_value);
+      if (is_overlapped(mask))   return draw_image(x0,y0,z0,c0,sprite,+mask,opacity,mask_max_value);
+      if (mask._width!=sprite._width || mask._height!=sprite._height || mask._depth!=sprite._depth)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_image(): Sprite (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) and mask (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
+                                    "incompatible dimensions.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    sprite._width,sprite._height,sprite._depth,sprite._spectrum,sprite._data,
+                                    mask._width,mask._height,mask._depth,mask._spectrum,mask._data);
+
+      const bool bx = (x0<0), by = (y0<0), bz = (z0<0), bc = (c0<0);
+      const int
+        lX = sprite.width() - (x0 + sprite.width()>width()?x0 + sprite.width() - width():0) + (bx?x0:0),
+        lY = sprite.height() - (y0 + sprite.height()>height()?y0 + sprite.height() - height():0) + (by?y0:0),
+        lZ = sprite.depth() - (z0 + sprite.depth()>depth()?z0 + sprite.depth() - depth():0) + (bz?z0:0),
+        lC = sprite.spectrum() - (c0 + sprite.spectrum()>spectrum()?c0 + sprite.spectrum() - spectrum():0) + (bc?c0:0);
+      const int
+        coff = -(bx?x0:0)-(by?y0*mask.width():0)-(bz?z0*mask.width()*mask.height():0)-
+          (bc?c0*mask.width()*mask.height()*mask.depth():0),
+        ssize = mask.width()*mask.height()*mask.depth()*mask.spectrum();
+      const ti *ptrs = sprite._data + coff;
+      const tm *ptrm = mask._data   + coff;
+      const unsigned long
+        offX = (unsigned long)_width - lX,
+        soffX = (unsigned long)sprite._width - lX,
+        offY = (unsigned long)_width*(_height - lY),
+        soffY = (unsigned long)sprite._width*(sprite._height - lY),
+        offZ = (unsigned long)_width*_height*(_depth - lZ),
+        soffZ = (unsigned long)sprite._width*sprite._height*(sprite._depth - lZ);
+      if (lX>0 && lY>0 && lZ>0 && lC>0) {
+	T *ptrd = data(x0<0?0:x0,y0<0?0:y0,z0<0?0:z0,c0<0?0:c0);
+        for (int c = 0; c<lC; ++c) {
+          ptrm = mask._data + (ptrm - mask._data)%ssize;
+          for (int z = 0; z<lZ; ++z) {
+            for (int y = 0; y<lY; ++y) {
+              for (int x = 0; x<lX; ++x) {
+                const float mopacity = (float)(*(ptrm++)*opacity),
+                  nopacity = cimg::abs(mopacity), copacity = mask_max_value - cimg::max(mopacity,0);
+                *ptrd = (T)((nopacity*(*(ptrs++)) + *ptrd*copacity)/mask_max_value);
+                ++ptrd;
+              }
+              ptrd+=offX; ptrs+=soffX; ptrm+=soffX;
+            }
+            ptrd+=offY; ptrs+=soffY; ptrm+=soffY;
+          }
+          ptrd+=offZ; ptrs+=soffZ; ptrm+=soffZ;
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a masked image \overloading.
+    template<typename ti, typename tm>
+    CImg<T>& draw_image(const int x0, const int y0, const int z0,
+                        const CImg<ti>& sprite, const CImg<tm>& mask, const float opacity=1,
+                        const float mask_max_value=1) {
+      return draw_image(x0,y0,z0,0,sprite,mask,opacity,mask_max_value);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a image \overloading.
+    template<typename ti, typename tm>
+    CImg<T>& draw_image(const int x0, const int y0,
+                        const CImg<ti>& sprite, const CImg<tm>& mask, const float opacity=1,
+                        const float mask_max_value=1) {
+      return draw_image(x0,y0,0,sprite,mask,opacity,mask_max_value);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a image \overloading.
+    template<typename ti, typename tm>
+    CImg<T>& draw_image(const int x0,
+                        const CImg<ti>& sprite, const CImg<tm>& mask, const float opacity=1,
+                        const float mask_max_value=1) {
+      return draw_image(x0,0,sprite,mask,opacity,mask_max_value);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw an image.
+    template<typename ti, typename tm>
+    CImg<T>& draw_image(const CImg<ti>& sprite, const CImg<tm>& mask, const float opacity=1,
+                        const float mask_max_value=1) {
+      return draw_image(0,sprite,mask,opacity,mask_max_value);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a text string.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the text in the image instance.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the text in the image instance.
+       \param text Format of the text ('printf'-style format string).
+       \param foreground_color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the foreground drawing color.
+       \param background_color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the background drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param font Font used for drawing text.
+    **/
+    template<typename tc1, typename tc2, typename t>
+    CImg<T>& draw_text(const int x0, const int y0,
+                       const char *const text,
+                       const tc1 *const foreground_color, const tc2 *const background_color,
+                       const float opacity, const CImgList<t>& font, ...) {
+      if (!font) return *this;
+      char tmp[2048] = { 0 }; std::va_list ap; va_start(ap,font);
+      cimg_vsnprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),text,ap); va_end(ap);
+      return _draw_text(x0,y0,tmp,foreground_color,background_color,opacity,font,false);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a text string \overloading.
+    /**
+       \note A transparent background is used for the text.
+    **/
+    template<typename tc, typename t>
+    CImg<T>& draw_text(const int x0, const int y0,
+                       const char *const text,
+                       const tc *const foreground_color, const int,
+                       const float opacity, const CImgList<t>& font, ...) {
+      if (!font) return *this;
+      char tmp[2048] = { 0 }; std::va_list ap; va_start(ap,font);
+      cimg_vsnprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),text,ap); va_end(ap);
+      return _draw_text(x0,y0,tmp,foreground_color,(tc*)0,opacity,font,false);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a text string \overloading.
+    /**
+       \note A transparent foreground is used for the text.
+    **/
+    template<typename tc, typename t>
+    CImg<T>& draw_text(const int x0, const int y0,
+                       const char *const text,
+                       const int, const tc *const background_color,
+                       const float opacity, const CImgList<t>& font, ...) {
+      if (!font) return *this;
+      char tmp[2048] = { 0 }; std::va_list ap; va_start(ap,font);
+      cimg_vsnprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),text,ap); va_end(ap);
+      return _draw_text(x0,y0,tmp,(tc*)0,background_color,opacity,font,false);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a text string \overloading.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the text in the image instance.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the text in the image instance.
+       \param text Format of the text ('printf'-style format string).
+       \param foreground_color Array of spectrum() values of type \c T,
+         defining the foreground color (0 means 'transparent').
+       \param background_color Array of spectrum() values of type \c T,
+         defining the background color (0 means 'transparent').
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param font_height Height of the text font (exact match for 13,23,53,103, interpolated otherwise).
+    **/
+    template<typename tc1, typename tc2>
+    CImg<T>& draw_text(const int x0, const int y0,
+                       const char *const text,
+                       const tc1 *const foreground_color, const tc2 *const background_color,
+                       const float opacity=1, const unsigned int font_height=13, ...) {
+      if (!font_height) return *this;
+      char tmp[2048] = { 0 };
+      std::va_list ap; va_start(ap,font_height); cimg_vsnprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),text,ap); va_end(ap);
+      const CImgList<ucharT>& font = CImgList<ucharT>::font(font_height,true);
+      _draw_text(x0,y0,tmp,foreground_color,background_color,opacity,font,true);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a text string \overloading.
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_text(const int x0, const int y0,
+                       const char *const text,
+                       const tc *const foreground_color, const int background_color=0,
+                       const float opacity=1, const unsigned int font_height=13, ...) {
+      if (!font_height) return *this;
+      cimg::unused(background_color);
+      char tmp[2048] = { 0 };
+      std::va_list ap; va_start(ap,font_height); cimg_vsnprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),text,ap); va_end(ap);
+      return draw_text(x0,y0,"%s",foreground_color,(const tc*)0,opacity,font_height,tmp);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a text string \overloading.
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_text(const int x0, const int y0,
+                       const char *const text,
+                       const int, const tc *const background_color,
+                       const float opacity=1, const unsigned int font_height=13, ...) {
+      if (!font_height) return *this;
+      char tmp[2048] = { 0 };
+      std::va_list ap; va_start(ap,font_height); cimg_vsnprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),text,ap); va_end(ap);
+      return draw_text(x0,y0,"%s",(tc*)0,background_color,opacity,font_height,tmp);
+    }
+
+    template<typename tc1, typename tc2, typename t>
+    CImg<T>& _draw_text(const int x0, const int y0,
+                        const char *const text,
+                        const tc1 *const foreground_color, const tc2 *const background_color,
+                        const float opacity, const CImgList<t>& font,
+                        const bool is_native_font) {
+      if (!text) return *this;
+      if (!font)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_text(): Empty specified font.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      const unsigned int text_length = (unsigned int)std::strlen(text);
+      const bool _is_empty = is_empty();
+      if (_is_empty) {
+        // If needed, pre-compute necessary size of the image
+        int x = 0, y = 0, w = 0;
+        unsigned char c = 0;
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i<text_length; ++i) {
+          c = text[i];
+          switch (c) {
+          case '\n' : y+=font[0]._height; if (x>w) w = x; x = 0; break;
+          case '\t' : x+=4*font[' ']._width; break;
+          default : if (c<font._width) x+=font[c]._width;
+          }
+        }
+        if (x!=0 || c=='\n') {
+          if (x>w) w=x;
+          y+=font[0]._height;
+        }
+        assign(x0+w,y0+y,1,is_native_font?1:font[0]._spectrum,0);
+      }
+
+      int x = x0, y = y0;
+      for (unsigned int i = 0; i<text_length; ++i) {
+        const unsigned char c = text[i];
+        switch (c) {
+        case '\n' : y+=font[0]._height; x = x0; break;
+        case '\t' : x+=4*font[' ']._width; break;
+        default : if (c<font._width) {
+            CImg<T> letter = font[c];
+            if (letter) {
+              if (is_native_font && _spectrum>letter._spectrum) letter.resize(-100,-100,1,_spectrum,0,2);
+              const unsigned int cmin = cimg::min(_spectrum,letter._spectrum);
+              if (foreground_color)
+                for (unsigned int c = 0; c<cmin; ++c)
+                  if (foreground_color[c]!=1) letter.get_shared_channel(c)*=foreground_color[c];
+              if (c+256<font.width()) { // Letter has mask.
+                if (background_color)
+                  for (unsigned int c = 0; c<cmin; ++c)
+                    draw_rectangle(x,y,0,c,x+letter._width-1,y+letter._height-1,0,c,background_color[c],opacity);
+                draw_image(x,y,letter,font[c+256],opacity,(T)255);
+              } else draw_image(x,y,letter,opacity); // Letter has no mask.
+              x+=letter._width;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a 2d vector field.
+    /**
+       \param flow Image of 2d vectors used as input data.
+       \param color Image of spectrum()-D vectors corresponding to the color of each arrow.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param sampling Length (in pixels) between each arrow.
+       \param factor Length factor of each arrow (if <0, computed as a percentage of the maximum length).
+       \param is_arrow Tells if arrows must be drawn, instead of oriented segments.
+       \param pattern Used pattern to draw lines.
+       \note Clipping is supported.
+    **/
+    template<typename t1, typename t2>
+    CImg<T>& draw_quiver(const CImg<t1>& flow,
+                         const t2 *const color, const float opacity=1,
+                         const unsigned int sampling=25, const float factor=-20,
+                         const bool is_arrow=true, const unsigned int pattern=~0U) {
+      return draw_quiver(flow,CImg<t2>(color,_spectrum,1,1,1,true),opacity,sampling,factor,is_arrow,pattern);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a 2d vector field, using a field of colors.
+    /**
+       \param flow Image of 2d vectors used as input data.
+       \param color Image of spectrum()-D vectors corresponding to the color of each arrow.
+       \param opacity Opacity of the drawing.
+       \param sampling Length (in pixels) between each arrow.
+       \param factor Length factor of each arrow (if <0, computed as a percentage of the maximum length).
+       \param is_arrow Tells if arrows must be drawn, instead of oriented segments.
+       \param pattern Used pattern to draw lines.
+       \note Clipping is supported.
+    **/
+    template<typename t1, typename t2>
+    CImg<T>& draw_quiver(const CImg<t1>& flow,
+                         const CImg<t2>& color, const float opacity=1,
+                         const unsigned int sampling=25, const float factor=-20,
+                         const bool is_arrow=true, const unsigned int pattern=~0U) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (!flow || flow._spectrum!=2)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_quiver(): Invalid dimensions of specified flow (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    flow._width,flow._height,flow._depth,flow._spectrum,flow._data);
+      if (sampling<=0)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_quiver(): Invalid sampling value %g "
+                                    "(should be >0)",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    sampling);
+      const bool colorfield = (color._width==flow._width && color._height==flow._height &&
+                               color._depth==1 && color._spectrum==_spectrum);
+      if (is_overlapped(flow)) return draw_quiver(+flow,color,opacity,sampling,factor,is_arrow,pattern);
+      float vmax,fact;
+      if (factor<=0) {
+        float m, M = (float)flow.get_norm(2).max_min(m);
+        vmax = (float)cimg::max(cimg::abs(m),cimg::abs(M));
+        if (!vmax) vmax = 1;
+        fact = -factor;
+      } else { fact = factor; vmax = 1; }
+
+      for (unsigned int y = sampling/2; y<_height; y+=sampling)
+        for (unsigned int x = sampling/2; x<_width; x+=sampling) {
+          const unsigned int X = x*flow._width/_width, Y = y*flow._height/_height;
+          float u = (float)flow(X,Y,0,0)*fact/vmax, v = (float)flow(X,Y,0,1)*fact/vmax;
+          if (is_arrow) {
+            const int xx = x+(int)u, yy = y+(int)v;
+            if (colorfield) draw_arrow(x,y,xx,yy,color.get_vector_at(X,Y)._data,opacity,45,sampling/5.0f,pattern);
+            else draw_arrow(x,y,xx,yy,color._data,opacity,45,sampling/5.0f,pattern);
+          } else {
+            if (colorfield)
+              draw_line((int)(x-0.5*u),(int)(y-0.5*v),(int)(x+0.5*u),(int)(y+0.5*v),
+                        color.get_vector_at(X,Y)._data,opacity,pattern);
+            else draw_line((int)(x-0.5*u),(int)(y-0.5*v),(int)(x+0.5*u),(int)(y+0.5*v),
+                           color._data,opacity,pattern);
+          }
+        }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a labeled horizontal axis.
+    /**
+       \param values_x Values along the horizontal axis.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the horizontal axis in the image instance.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param pattern Drawing pattern.
+       \param font_height Height of the labels (exact match for 13,23,53,103, interpolated otherwise).
+       \param allow_zero Enable/disable the drawing of label '0' if found.
+    **/
+    template<typename t, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_axis(const CImg<t>& values_x, const int y,
+                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
+                       const unsigned int pattern=~0U, const unsigned int font_height=13,
+                       const bool allow_zero=true) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const int yt = (y+3+font_height)<_height?(y+3):(y-2-font_height);
+      const int siz = (int)values_x.size()-1;
+      char txt[32] = { 0 };
+      CImg<T> label;
+      if (siz<=0) { // Degenerated case.
+        draw_line(0,y,_width-1,y,color,opacity,pattern);
+        if (!siz) {
+          cimg_snprintf(txt,sizeof(txt),"%g",(double)*values_x);
+          label.assign().draw_text(0,0,txt,color,(tc*)0,opacity,font_height);
+          const int
+            _xt = (width() - label.width())/2,
+            xt = _xt<3?3:_xt+label.width()>=width()-2?width()-3-label.width():_xt;
+          draw_point(width()/2,y-1,color,opacity).draw_point(width()/2,y+1,color,opacity);
+          if (allow_zero || txt[0]!='0' || txt[1]!=0)
+            draw_text(xt,yt,txt,color,(tc*)0,opacity,font_height);
+        }
+      } else { // Regular case.
+        if (values_x[0]<values_x[siz]) draw_arrow(0,y,_width-1,y,color,opacity,30,5,pattern);
+        else draw_arrow(_width-1,y,0,y,color,opacity,30,5,pattern);
+        cimg_foroff(values_x,x) {
+          cimg_snprintf(txt,sizeof(txt),"%g",(double)values_x(x));
+          label.assign().draw_text(0,0,txt,color,(tc*)0,opacity,font_height);
+          const int
+            xi = (int)(x*(_width-1)/siz),
+            _xt = xi - label.width()/2,
+            xt = _xt<3?3:_xt+label.width()>=width()-2?width()-3-label.width():_xt;
+          draw_point(xi,y-1,color,opacity).draw_point(xi,y+1,color,opacity);
+          if (allow_zero || txt[0]!='0' || txt[1]!=0)
+            draw_text(xt,yt,txt,color,(tc*)0,opacity,font_height);
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a labeled vertical axis.
+    /**
+       \param x X-coordinate of the vertical axis in the image instance.
+       \param values_y Values along the Y-axis.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param pattern Drawing pattern.
+       \param font_height Height of the labels (exact match for 13,23,53,103, interpolated otherwise).
+       \param allow_zero Enable/disable the drawing of label '0' if found.
+    **/
+    template<typename t, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_axis(const int x, const CImg<t>& values_y,
+                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
+                       const unsigned int pattern=~0U, const unsigned int font_height=13,
+                       const bool allow_zero=true) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      int siz = (int)values_y.size()-1;
+      char txt[32] = { 0 };
+      CImg<T> label;
+      if (siz<=0) { // Degenerated case.
+        draw_line(x,0,x,_height-1,color,opacity,pattern);
+        if (!siz) {
+          cimg_snprintf(txt,sizeof(txt),"%g",(double)*values_y);
+          label.assign().draw_text(0,0,txt,color,(tc*)0,opacity,font_height);
+          const int
+            _yt = (height() - label.height())/2,
+            yt = _yt<0?0:_yt+label.height()>=height()?height()-1-label.height():_yt,
+            _xt = x - 2 - label.width(),
+            xt = _xt>=0?_xt:x+3;
+          draw_point(x-1,height()/2,color,opacity).draw_point(x+1,height()/2,color,opacity);
+          if (allow_zero || txt[0]!='0' || txt[1]!=0)
+            draw_text(xt,yt,txt,color,(tc*)0,opacity,font_height);
+        }
+      } else { // Regular case.
+        if (values_y[0]<values_y[siz]) draw_arrow(x,0,x,_height-1,color,opacity,30,5,pattern);
+        else draw_arrow(x,_height-1,x,0,color,opacity,30,5,pattern);
+        cimg_foroff(values_y,y) {
+          cimg_snprintf(txt,sizeof(txt),"%g",(double)values_y(y));
+          label.assign().draw_text(0,0,txt,color,(tc*)0,opacity,font_height);
+          const int
+            yi = (int)(y*(_height-1)/siz),
+            _yt = yi - label.height()/2,
+            yt = _yt<0?0:_yt+label.height()>=height()?height()-1-label.height():_yt,
+            _xt = x - 2 - label.width(),
+            xt = _xt>=0?_xt:x+3;
+          draw_point(x-1,yi,color,opacity).draw_point(x+1,yi,color,opacity);
+          if (allow_zero || txt[0]!='0' || txt[1]!=0)
+            draw_text(xt,yt,txt,color,(tc*)0,opacity,font_height);
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw labeled horizontal and vertical axes.
+    /**
+       \param values_x Values along the X-axis.
+       \param values_y Values along the Y-axis.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param pattern_x Drawing pattern for the X-axis.
+       \param pattern_y Drawing pattern for the Y-axis.
+       \param font_height Height of the labels (exact match for 13,23,53,103, interpolated otherwise).
+       \param allow_zero Enable/disable the drawing of label '0' if found.
+    **/
+    template<typename tx, typename ty, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_axes(const CImg<tx>& values_x, const CImg<ty>& values_y,
+                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
+                       const unsigned int pattern_x=~0U, const unsigned int pattern_y=~0U,
+                       const unsigned int font_height=13, const bool allow_zero=true) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const CImg<tx> nvalues_x(values_x._data,values_x.size(),1,1,1,true);
+      const int sizx = (int)values_x.size()-1, wm1 = width()-1;
+      if (sizx>=0) {
+        float ox = (float)*nvalues_x;
+        for (unsigned int x = sizx?1:0; x<_width; ++x) {
+          const float nx = (float)nvalues_x._linear_atX((float)x*sizx/wm1);
+          if (nx*ox<=0) { draw_axis(nx==0?x:x-1,values_y,color,opacity,pattern_y,font_height,allow_zero); break; }
+          ox = nx;
+        }
+      }
+      const CImg<ty> nvalues_y(values_y._data,values_y.size(),1,1,1,true);
+      const int sizy = (int)values_y.size()-1, hm1 = height()-1;
+      if (sizy>0) {
+        float oy = (float)nvalues_y[0];
+        for (unsigned int y = sizy?1:0; y<_height; ++y) {
+          const float ny = (float)nvalues_y._linear_atX((float)y*sizy/hm1);
+          if (ny*oy<=0) { draw_axis(values_x,ny==0?y:y-1,color,opacity,pattern_x,font_height,allow_zero); break; }
+          oy = ny;
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw labeled horizontal and vertical axes \overloading.
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_axes(const float x0, const float x1, const float y0, const float y1,
+                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
+                       const int subdivisionx=-60, const int subdivisiony=-60,
+                       const float precisionx=0, const float precisiony=0,
+                       const unsigned int pattern_x=~0U, const unsigned int pattern_y=~0U,
+                       const unsigned int font_height=13) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const bool allow_zero = (x0*x1>0) || (y0*y1>0);
+      const float
+        dx = cimg::abs(x1-x0), dy = cimg::abs(y1-y0),
+        px = dx<=0?1:precisionx==0?(float)std::pow(10.0,(int)std::log10(dx)-2.0):precisionx,
+        py = dy<=0?1:precisiony==0?(float)std::pow(10.0,(int)std::log10(dy)-2.0):precisiony;
+      if (x0!=x1 && y0!=y1)
+        draw_axes(CImg<floatT>::sequence(subdivisionx>0?subdivisionx:1-width()/subdivisionx,x0,x1).round(px),
+                  CImg<floatT>::sequence(subdivisiony>0?subdivisiony:1-height()/subdivisiony,y0,y1).round(py),
+                  color,opacity,pattern_x,pattern_y,font_height,allow_zero);
+      else if (x0==x1 && y0!=y1)
+        draw_axis((int)x0,CImg<floatT>::sequence(subdivisiony>0?subdivisiony:1-height()/subdivisiony,y0,y1).round(py),
+                  color,opacity,pattern_y,font_height);
+      else if (x0!=x1 && y0==y1)
+        draw_axis(CImg<floatT>::sequence(subdivisionx>0?subdivisionx:1-width()/subdivisionx,x0,x1).round(px),(int)y0,
+                  color,opacity,pattern_x,font_height);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw 2d grid.
+    /**
+       \param values_x X-coordinates of the vertical lines.
+       \param values_y Y-coordinates of the horizontal lines.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param pattern_x Drawing pattern for vertical lines.
+       \param pattern_y Drawing pattern for horizontal lines.
+    **/
+    template<typename tx, typename ty, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_grid(const CImg<tx>& values_x, const CImg<ty>& values_y,
+                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
+                       const unsigned int pattern_x=~0U, const unsigned int pattern_y=~0U) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (values_x) cimg_foroff(values_x,x) {
+          const int xi = (int)values_x[x];
+          if (xi>=0 && xi<width()) draw_line(xi,0,xi,_height-1,color,opacity,pattern_x);
+        }
+      if (values_y) cimg_foroff(values_y,y) {
+          const int yi = (int)values_y[y];
+          if (yi>=0 && yi<height()) draw_line(0,yi,_width-1,yi,color,opacity,pattern_y);
+        }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw 2d grid \simplification.
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_grid(const float delta_x,  const float delta_y,
+                       const float offsetx, const float offsety,
+                       const bool invertx, const bool inverty,
+                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
+                       const unsigned int pattern_x=~0U, const unsigned int pattern_y=~0U) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      CImg<uintT> seqx, seqy;
+      if (delta_x!=0) {
+        const float dx = delta_x>0?delta_x:_width*-delta_x/100;
+        const unsigned int nx = (unsigned int)(_width/dx);
+        seqx = CImg<uintT>::sequence(1+nx,0,(unsigned int)(dx*nx));
+        if (offsetx) cimg_foroff(seqx,x) seqx(x) = (unsigned int)cimg::mod(seqx(x)+offsetx,(float)_width);
+        if (invertx) cimg_foroff(seqx,x) seqx(x) = _width - 1 - seqx(x);
+      }
+      if (delta_y!=0) {
+        const float dy = delta_y>0?delta_y:_height*-delta_y/100;
+        const unsigned int ny = (unsigned int)(_height/dy);
+        seqy = CImg<uintT>::sequence(1+ny,0,(unsigned int)(dy*ny));
+        if (offsety) cimg_foroff(seqy,y) seqy(y) = (unsigned int)cimg::mod(seqy(y)+offsety,(float)_height);
+        if (inverty) cimg_foroff(seqy,y) seqy(y) = _height - 1 - seqy(y);
+     }
+      return draw_grid(seqx,seqy,color,opacity,pattern_x,pattern_y);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw 1d graph.
+    /**
+       \param data Image containing the graph values I = f(x).
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+
+       \param plot_type Define the type of the plot:
+                      - 0 = No plot.
+                      - 1 = Plot using segments.
+                      - 2 = Plot using cubic splines.
+                      - 3 = Plot with bars.
+       \param vertex_type Define the type of points:
+                      - 0 = No points.
+                      - 1 = Point.
+                      - 2 = Straight cross.
+                      - 3 = Diagonal cross.
+                      - 4 = Filled circle.
+                      - 5 = Outlined circle.
+                      - 6 = Square.
+                      - 7 = Diamond.
+       \param ymin Lower bound of the y-range.
+       \param ymax Upper bound of the y-range.
+       \param pattern Drawing pattern.
+       \note
+         - if \c ymin==ymax==0, the y-range is computed automatically from the input samples.
+    **/
+    template<typename t, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_graph(const CImg<t>& data,
+                        const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
+                        const unsigned int plot_type=1, const int vertex_type=1,
+                        const double ymin=0, const double ymax=0, const unsigned int pattern=~0U) {
+      if (is_empty() || _height<=1) return *this;
+      if (!color)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_graph(): Specified color is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      // Create shaded colors for displaying bar plots.
+      CImg<tc> color1, color2;
+      if (plot_type==3) {
+        color1.assign(_spectrum); color2.assign(_spectrum);
+        cimg_forC(*this,c) {
+          color1[c] = (tc)cimg::min((float)cimg::type<tc>::max(),color[c]*1.2f);
+          color2[c] = (tc)(color[c]*0.4f);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Compute min/max and normalization factors.
+      const unsigned long
+        siz = data.size(),
+        _siz1 = siz - (plot_type!=3?1:0),
+        siz1 = _siz1?_siz1:1;
+      const unsigned int
+        _width1 = _width - (plot_type!=3?1:0),
+        width1 = _width1?_width1:1;
+      double m = ymin, M = ymax;
+      if (ymin==ymax) m = (double)data.max_min(M);
+      if (m==M) { --m; ++M; }
+      const float ca = (float)(M-m)/(_height-1);
+      bool init_hatch = true;
+
+      // Draw graph edges
+      switch (plot_type%4) {
+      case 1 : { // Segments
+        int oX = 0, oY = (int)((data[0]-m)/ca);
+        const float fx = (float)_width1/siz1;
+        if (siz==1) {
+          const int Y = (int)((*data-m)/ca);
+          draw_line(0,Y,width()-1,Y,color,opacity,pattern);
+        } else for (unsigned long off = 1; off<siz; ++off) {
+            const int
+              X = (int)(off*fx),
+              Y = (int)((data[off]-m)/ca);
+            draw_line(oX,oY,X,Y,color,opacity,pattern,init_hatch);
+            oX = X; oY = Y;
+            init_hatch = false;
+          }
+      } break;
+      case 2 : { // Spline
+        const CImg<t> ndata(data._data,siz,1,1,1,true);
+        int oY = (int)((data[0]-m)/ca);
+        cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+          const int Y = (int)((ndata._cubic_atX((float)x*siz1/width1)-m)/ca);
+          if (x>0) draw_line(x,oY,x+1,Y,color,opacity,pattern,init_hatch);
+          init_hatch = false;
+          oY = Y;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 3 : { // Bars
+        const int Y0 = (int)(-m/ca);
+        const float fx = (float)_width/(siz-1);
+        int oX = 0;
+        cimg_foroff(data,off) {
+          const int
+            X = (int)((off+1)*fx),
+            Y = (int)((data[off]-m)/ca);
+          draw_rectangle(oX,Y0,X,Y,color,opacity).
+            draw_line(oX,Y,oX,Y0,color2.data(),opacity).
+            draw_line(oX,Y0,X,Y0,Y<=Y0?color2.data():color1.data(),opacity).
+            draw_line(X,Y,X,Y0,color1.data(),opacity).
+            draw_line(oX,Y,X,Y,Y<=Y0?color1.data():color2.data(),opacity);
+          oX = X+1;
+        }
+      } break;
+      default : break; // No edges
+      }
+
+      // Draw graph points
+      const unsigned int wb2 = plot_type==3?_width1/(2*siz):0;
+      const float fx = (float)_width1/siz1;
+      switch (vertex_type%8) {
+      case 1 : { // Point
+        cimg_foroff(data,off) {
+          const int
+            X = (int)(off*fx) + wb2,
+            Y = (int)((data[off]-m)/ca);
+          draw_point(X,Y,color,opacity);
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 2 : { // Straight Cross
+        cimg_foroff(data,off) {
+          const int
+            X = (int)(off*fx) + wb2,
+            Y = (int)((data[off]-m)/ca);
+          draw_line(X-3,Y,X+3,Y,color,opacity).draw_line(X,Y-3,X,Y+3,color,opacity);
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 3 : { // Diagonal Cross
+        cimg_foroff(data,off) {
+          const int
+            X = (int)(off*fx) + wb2,
+            Y = (int)((data[off]-m)/ca);
+          draw_line(X-3,Y-3,X+3,Y+3,color,opacity).draw_line(X-3,Y+3,X+3,Y-3,color,opacity);
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 4 : { // Filled Circle
+        cimg_foroff(data,off) {
+          const int
+            X = (int)(off*fx) + wb2,
+            Y = (int)((data[off]-m)/ca);
+          draw_circle(X,Y,3,color,opacity);
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 5 : { // Outlined circle
+        cimg_foroff(data,off) {
+          const int
+            X = (int)(off*fx) + wb2,
+            Y = (int)((data[off]-m)/ca);
+          draw_circle(X,Y,3,color,opacity,0U);
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 6 : { // Square
+        cimg_foroff(data,off) {
+          const int
+            X = (int)(off*fx) + wb2,
+            Y = (int)((data[off]-m)/ca);
+          draw_rectangle(X-3,Y-3,X+3,Y+3,color,opacity,~0U);
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 7 : { // Diamond
+        cimg_foroff(data,off) {
+          const int
+            X = (int)(off*fx) + wb2,
+            Y = (int)((data[off]-m)/ca);
+          draw_line(X,Y-4,X+4,Y,color,opacity).
+            draw_line(X+4,Y,X,Y+4,color,opacity).
+            draw_line(X,Y+4,X-4,Y,color,opacity).
+            draw_line(X-4,Y,X,Y-4,color,opacity);
+        }
+      } break;
+      default : break; // No points
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw filled 3d region with the flood fill algorithm.
+    /**
+       \param x X-coordinate of the starting point of the region to fill.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the starting point of the region to fill.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the starting point of the region to fill.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
+       \param[out] region Image that will contain the mask of the filled region mask, as an output.
+       \param sigma Tolerance concerning neighborhood values.
+       \param opacity Opacity of the drawing.
+       \param is_high_connexity Tells if 8-connexity must be used (only for 2d images).
+       \return \c region is initialized with the binary mask of the filled region.
+    **/
+    template<typename tc, typename t>
+    CImg<T>& draw_fill(const int x, const int y, const int z,
+                       const tc *const color, const float opacity,
+                       CImg<t>& region, const float sigma=0,
+                       const bool is_high_connexity=false) {
+
+#define _cimg_draw_fill_test(x,y,z,res) if (region(x,y,z)) res = false; else { \
+  res = true; \
+  const T *reference_col = reference_color._data + _spectrum, *ptrs = data(x,y,z) + siz; \
+  for (unsigned int i = _spectrum; res && i; --i) { ptrs-=whd; res = (cimg::abs(*ptrs - *(--reference_col))<=sigma); } \
+  region(x,y,z) = (t)(res?1:noregion); \
+}
+
+#define _cimg_draw_fill_set(x,y,z) { \
+  const tc *col = color; \
+  T *ptrd = data(x,y,z); \
+  if (opacity>=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)*(col++); ptrd+=whd; } \
+  else cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(*(col++)*nopacity + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=whd; } \
+}
+
+#define _cimg_draw_fill_insert(x,y,z) { \
+  if (posr1>=remaining._height) remaining.resize(3,remaining._height<<1,1,1,0); \
+  unsigned int *ptrr = remaining.data(0,posr1); \
+  *(ptrr++) = x; *(ptrr++) = y; *(ptrr++) = z; ++posr1; \
+}
+
+#define _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(x,y,z,cond) if (cond) { \
+  const unsigned int tx = x, ty = y, tz = z; \
+  _cimg_draw_fill_test(tx,ty,tz,res); if (res) _cimg_draw_fill_insert(tx,ty,tz); \
+}
+
+      if (!color)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_fill(): Specified color is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      region.assign(_width,_height,_depth,1,(t)0);
+      if (x>=0 && x<width() && y>=0 && y<height() && z>=0 && z<depth()) {
+        const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+        const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth, siz = (unsigned long)_spectrum*whd;
+        const unsigned int W1 = _width-1, H1 = _height-1, D1 = _depth-1;
+        const bool is_3d = (_depth>1);
+        const CImg<T> reference_color = get_vector_at(x,y,z);
+        CImg<uintT> remaining(3,512,1,1,0);
+        remaining(0,0) = x; remaining(1,0) = y; remaining(2,0) = z;
+        unsigned int posr0 = 0, posr1 = 1;
+        region(x,y,z) = (t)1;
+        const t noregion = ((t)1==(t)2)?(t)0:(t)(-1);
+        if (is_3d) do { // 3d version of the filling algorithm
+          const unsigned int *pcurr = remaining.data(0,posr0++), xc = *(pcurr++), yc = *(pcurr++), zc = *(pcurr++);
+          if (posr0>=512) { remaining.shift(0,-(int)posr0); posr1-=posr0; posr0 = 0; }
+          bool cont, res;
+          unsigned int nxc = xc;
+          do { // X-backward
+            _cimg_draw_fill_set(nxc,yc,zc);
+            _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc-1,zc,yc!=0);
+            _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc+1,zc,yc<H1);
+            _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc,zc-1,zc!=0);
+            _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc,zc+1,zc<D1);
+            if (nxc) { --nxc; _cimg_draw_fill_test(nxc,yc,zc,cont); } else cont = false;
+          } while (cont);
+          nxc = xc;
+          do { // X-forward
+            if ((++nxc)<=W1) { _cimg_draw_fill_test(nxc,yc,zc,cont); } else cont = false;
+            if (cont) {
+              _cimg_draw_fill_set(nxc,yc,zc);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc-1,zc,yc!=0);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc+1,zc,yc<H1);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc,zc-1,zc!=0);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc,zc+1,zc<D1);
+            }
+          } while (cont);
+          unsigned int nyc = yc;
+          do { // Y-backward
+            if (nyc) { --nyc; _cimg_draw_fill_test(xc,nyc,zc,cont); } else cont = false;
+            if (cont) {
+              _cimg_draw_fill_set(xc,nyc,zc);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc-1,nyc,zc,xc!=0);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc+1,nyc,zc,xc<W1);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc,nyc,zc-1,zc!=0);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc,nyc,zc+1,zc<D1);
+            }
+          } while (cont);
+          nyc = yc;
+          do { // Y-forward
+            if ((++nyc)<=H1) { _cimg_draw_fill_test(xc,nyc,zc,cont); } else cont = false;
+            if (cont) {
+              _cimg_draw_fill_set(xc,nyc,zc);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc-1,nyc,zc,xc!=0);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc+1,nyc,zc,xc<W1);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc,nyc,zc-1,zc!=0);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc,nyc,zc+1,zc<D1);
+            }
+          } while (cont);
+          unsigned int nzc = zc;
+          do { // Z-backward
+            if (nzc) { --nzc; _cimg_draw_fill_test(xc,yc,nzc,cont); } else cont = false;
+            if (cont) {
+              _cimg_draw_fill_set(xc,yc,nzc);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc-1,yc,nzc,xc!=0);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc+1,yc,nzc,xc<W1);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc,yc-1,nzc,yc!=0);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc,yc+1,nzc,yc<H1);
+            }
+          } while (cont);
+          nzc = zc;
+          do { // Z-forward
+            if ((++nzc)<=D1) { _cimg_draw_fill_test(xc,yc,nzc,cont); } else cont = false;
+            if (cont) {
+              _cimg_draw_fill_set(xc,nyc,zc);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc-1,yc,nzc,xc!=0);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc+1,yc,nzc,xc<W1);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc,yc-1,nzc,yc!=0);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc,yc+1,nzc,yc<H1);
+            }
+          } while (cont);
+        } while (posr1>posr0);
+        else do { // 2d version of the filling algorithm
+          const unsigned int *pcurr = remaining.data(0,posr0++), xc = *(pcurr++), yc = *(pcurr++);
+          if (posr0>=512) { remaining.shift(0,-(int)posr0); posr1-=posr0; posr0 = 0; }
+          bool cont, res;
+          unsigned int nxc = xc;
+          do { // X-backward
+            _cimg_draw_fill_set(nxc,yc,0);
+            _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc-1,0,yc!=0);
+            _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc+1,0,yc<H1);
+            if (is_high_connexity) {
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc-1,yc-1,0,(nxc!=0 && yc!=0));
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc+1,yc-1,0,(nxc<W1 && yc!=0));
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc-1,yc+1,0,(nxc!=0 && yc<H1));
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc+1,yc+1,0,(nxc<W1 && yc<H1));
+            }
+            if (nxc) { --nxc; _cimg_draw_fill_test(nxc,yc,0,cont); } else cont = false;
+          } while (cont);
+          nxc = xc;
+          do { // X-forward
+            if ((++nxc)<=W1) { _cimg_draw_fill_test(nxc,yc,0,cont); } else cont = false;
+            if (cont) {
+              _cimg_draw_fill_set(nxc,yc,0);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc-1,0,yc!=0);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc,yc+1,0,yc<H1);
+              if (is_high_connexity) {
+                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc-1,yc-1,0,(nxc!=0 && yc!=0));
+                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc+1,yc-1,0,(nxc<W1 && yc!=0));
+                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc-1,yc+1,0,(nxc!=0 && yc<H1));
+                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(nxc+1,yc+1,0,(nxc<W1 && yc<H1));
+              }
+            }
+          } while (cont);
+          unsigned int nyc = yc;
+          do { // Y-backward
+            if (nyc) { --nyc; _cimg_draw_fill_test(xc,nyc,0,cont); } else cont = false;
+            if (cont) {
+              _cimg_draw_fill_set(xc,nyc,0);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc-1,nyc,0,xc!=0);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc+1,nyc,0,xc<W1);
+              if (is_high_connexity) {
+                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc-1,nyc-1,0,(xc!=0 && nyc!=0));
+                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc+1,nyc-1,0,(xc<W1 && nyc!=0));
+                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc-1,nyc+1,0,(xc!=0 && nyc<H1));
+                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc+1,nyc+1,0,(xc<W1 && nyc<H1));
+              }
+            }
+          } while (cont);
+          nyc = yc;
+          do { // Y-forward
+            if ((++nyc)<=H1) { _cimg_draw_fill_test(xc,nyc,0,cont); } else cont = false;
+            if (cont) {
+              _cimg_draw_fill_set(xc,nyc,0);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc-1,nyc,0,xc!=0);
+              _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc+1,nyc,0,xc<W1);
+              if (is_high_connexity) {
+                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc-1,nyc-1,0,(xc!=0 && nyc!=0));
+                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc+1,nyc-1,0,(xc<W1 && nyc!=0));
+                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc-1,nyc+1,0,(xc!=0 && nyc<H1));
+                _cimg_draw_fill_test_neighbor(xc+1,nyc+1,0,(xc<W1 && nyc<H1));
+              }
+            }
+          } while (cont);
+        } while (posr1>posr0);
+        if (noregion) cimg_for(region,ptrd,t) if (*ptrd==noregion) *ptrd = (t)0;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw filled 3d region with the flood fill algorithm \simplification.
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_fill(const int x, const int y, const int z,
+                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
+                       const float sigma=0, const bool is_high_connexity=false) {
+      CImg<boolT> tmp;
+      return draw_fill(x,y,z,color,opacity,tmp,sigma,is_high_connexity);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw filled 2d region with the flood fill algorithm \simplification.
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_fill(const int x, const int y,
+                       const tc *const color, const float opacity=1,
+                       const float sigma=0, const bool is_high_connexity=false) {
+      CImg<boolT> tmp;
+      return draw_fill(x,y,0,color,opacity,tmp,sigma,is_high_connexity);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a random plasma texture.
+    /**
+       \param alpha Alpha-parameter.
+       \param beta Beta-parameter.
+       \param scale Scale-parameter.
+       \note Use the mid-point algorithm to render.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& draw_plasma(const float alpha=1, const float beta=0, const unsigned int scale=8) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      const int w = width(), h = height();
+      const Tfloat m = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::min(), M = (Tfloat)cimg::type<T>::max();
+      cimg_forZC(*this,z,c) {
+        CImg<T> ref = get_shared_slice(z,c);
+        for (int delta = 1<<cimg::min(scale,31U); delta>1; delta>>=1) {
+          const int delta2 = delta>>1;
+          const float r = alpha*delta + beta;
+
+          // Square step.
+          for (int y0 = 0; y0<h; y0+=delta)
+            for (int x0 = 0; x0<w; x0+=delta) {
+              const int x1 = (x0 + delta)%w, y1 = (y0 + delta)%h, xc = (x0 + delta2)%w, yc = (y0 + delta2)%h;
+              const Tfloat val = (Tfloat)(0.25f*(ref(x0,y0) + ref(x0,y1) + ref(x0,y1) + ref(x1,y1)) + r*cimg::crand());
+              ref(xc,yc) = (T)(val<m?m:val>M?M:val);
+            }
+
+          // Diamond steps.
+          for (int y = -delta2; y<h; y+=delta)
+            for (int x0=0; x0<w; x0+=delta) {
+              const int y0 = cimg::mod(y,h), x1 = (x0 + delta)%w, y1 = (y + delta)%h,
+                xc = (x0 + delta2)%w, yc = (y + delta2)%h;
+              const Tfloat val = (Tfloat)(0.25f*(ref(xc,y0) + ref(x0,yc) + ref(xc,y1) + ref(x1,yc)) + r*cimg::crand());
+              ref(xc,yc) = (T)(val<m?m:val>M?M:val);
+            }
+          for (int y0 = 0; y0<h; y0+=delta)
+            for (int x = -delta2; x<w; x+=delta) {
+              const int x0 = cimg::mod(x,w), x1 = (x + delta)%w, y1 = (y0 + delta)%h,
+                xc = (x + delta2)%w, yc = (y0 + delta2)%h;
+              const Tfloat val = (Tfloat)(0.25f*(ref(xc,y0) + ref(x0,yc) + ref(xc,y1) + ref(x1,yc)) + r*cimg::crand());
+              ref(xc,yc) = (T)(val<m?m:val>M?M:val);
+            }
+          for (int y = -delta2; y<h; y+=delta)
+            for (int x = -delta2; x<w; x+=delta) {
+              const int x0 = cimg::mod(x,w), y0 = cimg::mod(y,h), x1 = (x + delta)%w, y1 = (y + delta)%h,
+                xc = (x + delta2)%w, yc = (y + delta2)%h;
+              const Tfloat val = (Tfloat)(0.25f*(ref(xc,y0) + ref(x0,yc) + ref(xc,y1) + ref(x1,yc)) + r*cimg::crand());
+                ref(xc,yc) = (T)(val<m?m:val>M?M:val);
+            }
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a quadratic Mandelbrot or Julia 2d fractal.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the upper-left pixel.
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the upper-left pixel.
+       \param x1 X-coordinate of the lower-right pixel.
+       \param y1 Y-coordinate of the lower-right pixel.
+       \param colormap Colormap.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+       \param z0r Real part of the upper-left fractal vertex.
+       \param z0i Imaginary part of the upper-left fractal vertex.
+       \param z1r Real part of the lower-right fractal vertex.
+       \param z1i Imaginary part of the lower-right fractal vertex.
+       \param iteration_max Maximum number of iterations for each estimated point.
+       \param is_normalized_iteration Tells if iterations are normalized.
+       \param is_julia_set Tells if the Mandelbrot or Julia set is rendered.
+       \param param_r Real part of the Julia set parameter.
+       \param param_i Imaginary part of the Julia set parameter.
+       \note Fractal rendering is done by the Escape Time Algorithm.
+    **/
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_mandelbrot(const int x0, const int y0, const int x1, const int y1,
+                             const CImg<tc>& colormap, const float opacity=1,
+                             const double z0r=-2, const double z0i=-2, const double z1r=2, const double z1i=2,
+                             const unsigned int iteration_max=255,
+                             const bool is_normalized_iteration=false,
+                             const bool is_julia_set=false,
+                             const double param_r=0, const double param_i=0) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      CImg<tc> palette;
+      if (colormap) palette.assign(colormap._data,colormap.size()/colormap._spectrum,1,1,colormap._spectrum,true);
+      if (palette && palette._spectrum!=_spectrum)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_mandelbrot(): Instance and specified colormap (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) have "
+                                    "incompatible dimensions.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    colormap._width,colormap._height,colormap._depth,colormap._spectrum,colormap._data);
+
+      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0), ln2 = (float)std::log(2.0);
+      const int
+        _x0 = x0<0?0:x0>=width()?width()-1:x0,
+        _y0 = y0<0?0:y0>=height()?height()-1:y0,
+        _x1 = x1<0?1:x1>=width()?width()-1:x1,
+        _y1 = y1<0?1:y1>=height()?height()-1:y1;
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for collapse(2) if ((1+_x1-_x0)*(1+_y1-_y0)>=2048)
+#endif
+      for (int q = _y0; q<=_y1; ++q)
+        for (int p = _x0; p<=_x1; ++p) {
+          unsigned int iteration = 0;
+          const double x = z0r + p*(z1r-z0r)/_width, y = z0i + q*(z1i-z0i)/_height;
+          double zr, zi, cr, ci;
+          if (is_julia_set) { zr = x; zi = y; cr = param_r; ci = param_i; }
+          else { zr = param_r; zi = param_i; cr = x; ci = y; }
+          for (iteration=1; zr*zr + zi*zi<=4 && iteration<=iteration_max; ++iteration) {
+            const double temp = zr*zr - zi*zi + cr;
+            zi = 2*zr*zi + ci;
+            zr = temp;
+          }
+          if (iteration>iteration_max) {
+            if (palette) {
+              if (opacity>=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)palette(0,c);
+              else cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)(palette(0,c)*nopacity + (*this)(p,q,0,c)*copacity);
+            } else {
+              if (opacity>=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)0;
+              else cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)((*this)(p,q,0,c)*copacity);
+            }
+          } else if (is_normalized_iteration) {
+            const float
+              normz = (float)cimg::abs(zr*zr+zi*zi),
+              niteration = (float)(iteration + 1 - std::log(std::log(normz))/ln2);
+            if (palette) {
+              if (opacity>=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)palette._linear_atX(niteration,c);
+              else cimg_forC(*this,c)
+                     (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)(palette._linear_atX(niteration,c)*nopacity + (*this)(p,q,0,c)*copacity);
+            } else {
+              if (opacity>=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)niteration;
+              else cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)(niteration*nopacity + (*this)(p,q,0,c)*copacity);
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (palette) {
+              if (opacity>=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)palette._atX(iteration,c);
+              else cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)(palette(iteration,c)*nopacity + (*this)(p,q,0,c)*copacity);
+            } else {
+              if (opacity>=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)iteration;
+              else cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(p,q,0,c) = (T)(iteration*nopacity + (*this)(p,q,0,c)*copacity);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a quadratic Mandelbrot or Julia 2d fractal \overloading.
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_mandelbrot(const CImg<tc>& colormap, const float opacity=1,
+                             const double z0r=-2, const double z0i=-2, const double z1r=2, const double z1i=2,
+                             const unsigned int iteration_max=255,
+                             const bool is_normalized_iteration=false,
+                             const bool is_julia_set=false,
+                             const double param_r=0, const double param_i=0) {
+      return draw_mandelbrot(0,0,_width-1,_height-1,colormap,opacity,
+                             z0r,z0i,z1r,z1i,iteration_max,is_normalized_iteration,is_julia_set,param_r,param_i);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a 1d gaussian function.
+    /**
+       \param xc X-coordinate of the gaussian center.
+       \param sigma Standard variation of the gaussian distribution.
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+    **/
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_gaussian(const float xc, const float sigma,
+                           const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (!color)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_gaussian(): Specified color is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      const float sigma2 = 2*sigma*sigma, nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+      const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+      const tc *col = color;
+      cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+        const float dx = (x - xc), val = (float)std::exp(-dx*dx/sigma2);
+        T *ptrd = data(x,0,0,0);
+        if (opacity>=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(val*(*col++)); ptrd+=whd; }
+        else cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val*(*col++) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=whd; }
+        col-=_spectrum;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a 2d gaussian function.
+    /**
+       \param xc X-coordinate of the gaussian center.
+       \param yc Y-coordinate of the gaussian center.
+       \param tensor Covariance matrix (must be 2x2).
+       \param color Pointer to \c spectrum() consecutive values, defining the drawing color.
+       \param opacity Drawing opacity.
+    **/
+    template<typename t, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_gaussian(const float xc, const float yc, const CImg<t>& tensor,
+                           const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (tensor._width!=2 || tensor._height!=2 || tensor._depth!=1 || tensor._spectrum!=1)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_gaussian(): Specified tensor (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) is not a 2x2 matrix.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    tensor._width,tensor._height,tensor._depth,tensor._spectrum,tensor._data);
+      if (!color)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_gaussian(): Specified color is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      typedef typename CImg<t>::Tfloat tfloat;
+      const CImg<tfloat> invT = tensor.get_invert(), invT2 = (invT*invT)/(-2.0);
+      const tfloat a = invT2(0,0), b = 2*invT2(1,0), c = invT2(1,1);
+      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+      const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+      const tc *col = color;
+      float dy = -yc;
+      cimg_forY(*this,y) {
+        float dx = -xc;
+        cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+          const float val = (float)std::exp(a*dx*dx + b*dx*dy + c*dy*dy);
+          T *ptrd = data(x,y,0,0);
+          if (opacity>=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(val*(*col++)); ptrd+=whd; }
+          else cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val*(*col++) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=whd; }
+          col-=_spectrum;
+          ++dx;
+        }
+        ++dy;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a 2d gaussian function \overloading.
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_gaussian(const int xc, const int yc, const float r1, const float r2, const float ru, const float rv,
+                           const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
+      const double
+        a = r1*ru*ru + r2*rv*rv,
+        b = (r1-r2)*ru*rv,
+        c = r1*rv*rv + r2*ru*ru;
+      const CImg<Tfloat> tensor(2,2,1,1, a,b,b,c);
+      return draw_gaussian(xc,yc,tensor,color,opacity);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a 2d gaussian function \overloading.
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_gaussian(const float xc, const float yc, const float sigma,
+                           const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
+      return draw_gaussian(xc,yc,CImg<floatT>::diagonal(sigma,sigma),color,opacity);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a 3d gaussian function \overloading.
+    template<typename t, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_gaussian(const float xc, const float yc, const float zc, const CImg<t>& tensor,
+                           const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      typedef typename CImg<t>::Tfloat tfloat;
+      if (tensor._width!=3 || tensor._height!=3 || tensor._depth!=1 || tensor._spectrum!=1)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_gaussian(): Specified tensor (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) is not a 3x3 matrix.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    tensor._width,tensor._height,tensor._depth,tensor._spectrum,tensor._data);
+
+      const CImg<tfloat> invT = tensor.get_invert(), invT2 = (invT*invT)/(-2.0);
+      const tfloat a = invT2(0,0), b = 2*invT2(1,0), c = 2*invT2(2,0), d = invT2(1,1), e = 2*invT2(2,1), f = invT2(2,2);
+      const float nopacity = cimg::abs(opacity), copacity = 1 - cimg::max(opacity,0);
+      const unsigned long whd = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+      const tc *col = color;
+      cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
+        const float
+          dx = (x - xc), dy = (y - yc), dz = (z - zc),
+          val = (float)std::exp(a*dx*dx + b*dx*dy + c*dx*dz + d*dy*dy + e*dy*dz + f*dz*dz);
+        T *ptrd = data(x,y,z,0);
+        if (opacity>=1) cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(val*(*col++)); ptrd+=whd; }
+        else cimg_forC(*this,c) { *ptrd = (T)(nopacity*val*(*col++) + *ptrd*copacity); ptrd+=whd; }
+        col-=_spectrum;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a 3d gaussian function \overloading.
+    template<typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_gaussian(const float xc, const float yc, const float zc, const float sigma,
+                           const tc *const color, const float opacity=1) {
+      return draw_gaussian(xc,yc,zc,CImg<floatT>::diagonal(sigma,sigma,sigma),color,opacity);
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a 3d object.
+    /**
+       \param x0 X-coordinate of the 3d object position
+       \param y0 Y-coordinate of the 3d object position
+       \param z0 Z-coordinate of the 3d object position
+       \param vertices Image Nx3 describing 3d point coordinates
+       \param primitives List of P primitives
+       \param colors List of P color (or textures)
+       \param opacities Image or list of P opacities
+       \param render_type d Render type (0=Points, 1=Lines, 2=Faces (no light), 3=Faces (flat), 4=Faces(Gouraud)
+       \param is_double_sided Tells if object faces have two sides or are oriented.
+       \param focale length of the focale (0 for parallel projection)
+       \param lightx X-coordinate of the light
+       \param lighty Y-coordinate of the light
+       \param lightz Z-coordinate of the light
+       \param specular_lightness Amount of specular light.
+       \param specular_shininess Shininess of the object
+    **/
+    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to>
+    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
+                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                           const CImgList<tc>& colors, const CImg<to>& opacities,
+                           const unsigned int render_type=4,
+                           const bool is_double_sided=false, const float focale=700,
+                           const float lightx=0, const float lighty=0, const float lightz=-5e8,
+                           const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f) {
+      return draw_object3d(x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,render_type,
+                           is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
+                           specular_lightness,specular_shininess,CImg<floatT>::empty());
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a 3d object \simplification.
+    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to, typename tz>
+    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
+                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                           const CImgList<tc>& colors, const CImg<to>& opacities,
+                           const unsigned int render_type,
+                           const bool is_double_sided, const float focale,
+                           const float lightx, const float lighty, const float lightz,
+                           const float specular_lightness, const float specular_shininess,
+                           CImg<tz>& zbuffer) {
+      return _draw_object3d(0,zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,
+                            render_type,is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
+                            specular_lightness,specular_shininess,1);
+    }
+
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to>
+    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(LibBoard::Board& board,
+                           const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
+                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                           const CImgList<tc>& colors, const CImg<to>& opacities,
+                           const unsigned int render_type=4,
+                           const bool is_double_sided=false, const float focale=700,
+                           const float lightx=0, const float lighty=0, const float lightz=-5e8,
+                           const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f) {
+      return draw_object3d(board,x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,render_type,
+                           is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
+                           specular_lightness,specular_shininess,CImg<floatT>::empty());
+    }
+
+    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to, typename tz>
+    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(LibBoard::Board& board,
+                           const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
+                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                           const CImgList<tc>& colors, const CImg<to>& opacities,
+                           const unsigned int render_type,
+                           const bool is_double_sided, const float focale,
+                           const float lightx, const float lighty, const float lightz,
+                           const float specular_lightness, const float specular_shininess,
+                           CImg<tz>& zbuffer) {
+      return _draw_object3d((void*)&board,zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,
+                            render_type,is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
+                            specular_lightness,specular_shininess,1);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Draw a 3d object \simplification.
+    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to>
+    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
+                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                           const CImgList<tc>& colors, const CImgList<to>& opacities,
+                           const unsigned int render_type=4,
+                           const bool is_double_sided=false, const float focale=700,
+                           const float lightx=0, const float lighty=0, const float lightz=-5e8,
+                           const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f) {
+      return draw_object3d(x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,render_type,
+                           is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
+                           specular_lightness,specular_shininess,CImg<floatT>::empty());
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a 3d object \simplification.
+    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to, typename tz>
+    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
+                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                           const CImgList<tc>& colors, const CImgList<to>& opacities,
+                           const unsigned int render_type,
+                           const bool is_double_sided, const float focale,
+                           const float lightx, const float lighty, const float lightz,
+                           const float specular_lightness, const float specular_shininess,
+                           CImg<tz>& zbuffer) {
+      return _draw_object3d(0,zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,
+                            render_type,is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
+                            specular_lightness,specular_shininess,1);
+    }
+
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to>
+    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(LibBoard::Board& board,
+                           const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
+                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                           const CImgList<tc>& colors, const CImgList<to>& opacities,
+                           const unsigned int render_type=4,
+                           const bool is_double_sided=false, const float focale=700,
+                           const float lightx=0, const float lighty=0, const float lightz=-5e8,
+                           const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f) {
+      return draw_object3d(board,x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,render_type,
+                           is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
+                           specular_lightness,specular_shininess,CImg<floatT>::empty());
+    }
+
+    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to, typename tz>
+    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(LibBoard::Board& board,
+                           const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
+                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                           const CImgList<tc>& colors, const CImgList<to>& opacities,
+                           const unsigned int render_type,
+                           const bool is_double_sided, const float focale,
+                           const float lightx, const float lighty, const float lightz,
+                           const float specular_lightness, const float specular_shininess,
+                           CImg<tz>& zbuffer) {
+      return _draw_object3d((void*)&board,zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,
+                            render_type,is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
+                            specular_lightness,specular_shininess,1);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Draw a 3d object \simplification.
+    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
+                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                           const CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                           const unsigned int render_type=4,
+                           const bool is_double_sided=false, const float focale=700,
+                           const float lightx=0, const float lighty=0, const float lightz=-5e8,
+                           const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f) {
+      return draw_object3d(x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,CImg<floatT>::empty(),
+                           render_type,is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
+                           specular_lightness,specular_shininess,CImg<floatT>::empty());
+    }
+
+    //! Draw a 3d object \simplification.
+    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename tz>
+    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
+                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                           const CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                           const unsigned int render_type,
+                           const bool is_double_sided, const float focale,
+                           const float lightx, const float lighty, const float lightz,
+                           const float specular_lightness, const float specular_shininess,
+                           CImg<tz>& zbuffer) {
+      return draw_object3d(x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,CImg<floatT>::empty(),
+                           render_type,is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
+                           specular_lightness,specular_shininess,zbuffer);
+    }
+
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to>
+    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(LibBoard::Board& board,
+                           const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
+                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                           const CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                           const unsigned int render_type=4,
+                           const bool is_double_sided=false, const float focale=700,
+                           const float lightx=0, const float lighty=0, const float lightz=-5e8,
+                           const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f) {
+      return draw_object3d(x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,CImg<floatT>::empty(),
+                           render_type,is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
+                           specular_lightness,specular_shininess,CImg<floatT>::empty());
+    }
+
+    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to, typename tz>
+    CImg<T>& draw_object3d(LibBoard::Board& board,
+                           const float x0, const float y0, const float z0,
+                           const CImg<tp>& vertices, const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                           const CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                           const unsigned int render_type,
+                           const bool is_double_sided, const float focale,
+                           const float lightx, const float lighty, const float lightz,
+                           const float specular_lightness, const float specular_shininess,
+                           CImg<tz>& zbuffer) {
+      return draw_object3d(x0,y0,z0,vertices,primitives,colors,CImg<floatT>::empty(),
+                           render_type,is_double_sided,focale,lightx,lighty,lightz,
+                           specular_lightness,specular_shininess,zbuffer);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    template<typename t, typename to>
+    static float __draw_object3d(const CImgList<t>& opacities, const unsigned int n_primitive, CImg<to>& opacity) {
+      if (n_primitive>=opacities._width || opacities[n_primitive].is_empty()) { opacity.assign(); return 1; }
+      if (opacities[n_primitive].size()==1) { opacity.assign(); return opacities(n_primitive,0); }
+      opacity.assign(opacities[n_primitive],true);
+      return 1.0f;
+    }
+
+    template<typename t, typename to>
+    static float __draw_object3d(const CImg<t>& opacities, const unsigned int n_primitive, CImg<to>& opacity) {
+      opacity.assign();
+      return n_primitive>=opacities._width?1.0f:(float)opacities[n_primitive];
+    }
+
+    template<typename tz, typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to>
+    CImg<T>& _draw_object3d(void *const pboard, CImg<tz>& zbuffer,
+                            const float X, const float Y, const float Z,
+                            const CImg<tp>& vertices,
+                            const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                            const CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                            const to& opacities,
+                            const unsigned int render_type,
+                            const bool is_double_sided, const float focale,
+                            const float lightx, const float lighty, const float lightz,
+                            const float specular_lightness, const float specular_shininess,
+                            const float sprite_scale) {
+      typedef typename cimg::superset2<tp,tz,float>::type tpfloat;
+      if (is_empty() || !vertices || !primitives) return *this;
+      char error_message[1024] = { 0 };
+      if (!vertices.is_object3d(primitives,colors,opacities,false,error_message))
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "draw_object3d(): Invalid specified 3d object (%u,%u) (%s).",
+                                    cimg_instance,vertices._width,primitives._width,error_message);
+      if (render_type==5) cimg::mutex(10);  // Static variable used in this case, breaks thread-safety.
+
+#ifndef cimg_use_board
+      if (pboard) return *this;
+#endif
+      const float
+        nspec = 1 - (specular_lightness<0.0f?0.0f:(specular_lightness>1.0f?1.0f:specular_lightness)),
+        nspec2 = 1 + (specular_shininess<0.0f?0.0f:specular_shininess),
+        nsl1 = (nspec2 - 1)/cimg::sqr(nspec - 1),
+        nsl2 = 1 - 2*nsl1*nspec,
+        nsl3 = nspec2 - nsl1 - nsl2;
+
+      // Create light texture for phong-like rendering.
+      CImg<floatT> light_texture;
+      if (render_type==5) {
+        if (colors._width>primitives._width) {
+          static CImg<floatT> default_light_texture;
+          static const tc *lptr = 0;
+          static tc ref_values[64] = { 0 };
+          const CImg<tc>& img = colors.back();
+          bool is_same_texture = (lptr==img._data);
+          if (is_same_texture)
+            for (unsigned int r = 0, j = 0; j<8; ++j)
+              for (unsigned int i = 0; i<8; ++i)
+                if (ref_values[r++]!=img(i*img._width/9,j*img._height/9,0,(i+j)%img._spectrum)) {
+                  is_same_texture = false; break;
+                }
+          if (!is_same_texture || default_light_texture._spectrum<_spectrum) {
+            (default_light_texture.assign(img,false)/=255).resize(-100,-100,1,_spectrum);
+            lptr = colors.back().data();
+            for (unsigned int r = 0, j = 0; j<8; ++j)
+              for (unsigned int i = 0; i<8; ++i)
+                ref_values[r++] = img(i*img._width/9,j*img._height/9,0,(i+j)%img._spectrum);
+          }
+          light_texture.assign(default_light_texture,true);
+        } else {
+          static CImg<floatT> default_light_texture;
+          static float olightx = 0, olighty = 0, olightz = 0, ospecular_shininess = 0;
+          if (!default_light_texture ||
+              lightx!=olightx || lighty!=olighty || lightz!=olightz ||
+              specular_shininess!=ospecular_shininess || default_light_texture._spectrum<_spectrum) {
+            default_light_texture.assign(512,512);
+            const float
+              dlx = lightx - X,
+              dly = lighty - Y,
+              dlz = lightz - Z,
+              nl = (float)std::sqrt(dlx*dlx + dly*dly + dlz*dlz),
+              nlx = (default_light_texture._width - 1)/2*(1 + dlx/nl),
+              nly = (default_light_texture._height - 1)/2*(1 + dly/nl),
+              white[] = { 1 };
+            default_light_texture.draw_gaussian(nlx,nly,default_light_texture._width/3.0f,white);
+            cimg_forXY(default_light_texture,x,y) {
+              const float factor = default_light_texture(x,y);
+              if (factor>nspec) default_light_texture(x,y) = cimg::min(2,nsl1*factor*factor + nsl2*factor + nsl3);
+            }
+            default_light_texture.resize(-100,-100,1,_spectrum);
+            olightx = lightx; olighty = lighty; olightz = lightz; ospecular_shininess = specular_shininess;
+          }
+          light_texture.assign(default_light_texture,true);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Compute 3d to 2d projection.
+      CImg<tpfloat> projections(vertices._width,2);
+      tpfloat parallzmin = cimg::type<tpfloat>::max();
+      const float absfocale = focale?cimg::abs(focale):0;
+      if (absfocale) {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (projections.size()>4096)
+#endif
+        cimg_forX(projections,l) { // Perspective projection
+          const tpfloat
+            x = (tpfloat)vertices(l,0),
+            y = (tpfloat)vertices(l,1),
+            z = (tpfloat)vertices(l,2);
+          const tpfloat projectedz = z + Z + absfocale;
+          projections(l,1) = Y + absfocale*y/projectedz;
+          projections(l,0) = X + absfocale*x/projectedz;
+        }
+
+      } else {
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (projections.size()>4096)
+#endif
+        cimg_forX(projections,l) { // Parallel projection
+          const tpfloat
+            x = (tpfloat)vertices(l,0),
+            y = (tpfloat)vertices(l,1),
+            z = (tpfloat)vertices(l,2);
+          if (z<parallzmin) parallzmin = z;
+          projections(l,1) = Y + y;
+          projections(l,0) = X + x;
+        }
+      }
+      const float _focale = absfocale?absfocale:(1e5f-parallzmin);
+
+      // Compute visible primitives.
+      CImg<uintT> visibles(primitives._width,1,1,1,~0U);
+      CImg<tpfloat> zrange(primitives._width);
+      const tpfloat zmin = absfocale?(tpfloat)(1.5f - absfocale):cimg::type<tpfloat>::min();
+
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (primitives.size()>4096)
+#endif
+      cimglist_for(primitives,l) {
+        const CImg<tf>& primitive = primitives[l];
+        switch (primitive.size()) {
+        case 1 : { // Point
+          const unsigned int i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0);
+          const tpfloat z0 = Z + vertices(i0,2);
+          if (z0>zmin) {
+            visibles(l) = (unsigned int)l;
+            zrange(l) = z0;
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 5 : { // Sphere
+          const unsigned int
+            i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0),
+            i1 = (unsigned int)primitive(1);
+          const tpfloat
+            Xc = 0.5f*((float)vertices(i0,0) + (float)vertices(i1,0)),
+            Yc = 0.5f*((float)vertices(i0,1) + (float)vertices(i1,1)),
+            Zc = 0.5f*((float)vertices(i0,2) + (float)vertices(i1,2)),
+            _zc = Z + Zc,
+            zc = _zc + _focale,
+            xc = X + Xc*(absfocale?absfocale/zc:1),
+            yc = Y + Yc*(absfocale?absfocale/zc:1),
+            radius = 0.5f*std::sqrt(cimg::sqr(vertices(i1,0) - vertices(i0,0)) +
+                                    cimg::sqr(vertices(i1,1) - vertices(i0,1)) +
+                                    cimg::sqr(vertices(i1,2) - vertices(i0,2)))*(absfocale?absfocale/zc:1),
+            xm = xc - radius,
+            ym = yc - radius,
+            xM = xc + radius,
+            yM = yc + radius;
+          if (xM>=0 && xm<_width && yM>=0 && ym<_height && _zc>zmin) {
+            visibles(l) = (unsigned int)l;
+            zrange(l) = _zc;
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 2 : // Segment
+        case 6 : {
+          const unsigned int
+            i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0),
+            i1 = (unsigned int)primitive(1);
+          const tpfloat
+            x0 = projections(i0,0), y0 = projections(i0,1), z0 = Z + vertices(i0,2),
+            x1 = projections(i1,0), y1 = projections(i1,1), z1 = Z + vertices(i1,2);
+          tpfloat xm, xM, ym, yM;
+          if (x0<x1) { xm = x0; xM = x1; } else { xm = x1; xM = x0; }
+          if (y0<y1) { ym = y0; yM = y1; } else { ym = y1; yM = y0; }
+          if (xM>=0 && xm<_width && yM>=0 && ym<_height && z0>zmin && z1>zmin) {
+            visibles(l) = (unsigned int)l;
+            zrange(l) = (z0 + z1)/2;
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 3 :  // Triangle
+        case 9 : {
+          const unsigned int
+            i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0),
+            i1 = (unsigned int)primitive(1),
+            i2 = (unsigned int)primitive(2);
+          const tpfloat
+            x0 = projections(i0,0), y0 = projections(i0,1), z0 = Z + vertices(i0,2),
+            x1 = projections(i1,0), y1 = projections(i1,1), z1 = Z + vertices(i1,2),
+            x2 = projections(i2,0), y2 = projections(i2,1), z2 = Z + vertices(i2,2);
+          tpfloat xm, xM, ym, yM;
+          if (x0<x1) { xm = x0; xM = x1; } else { xm = x1; xM = x0; }
+          if (x2<xm) xm = x2;
+          if (x2>xM) xM = x2;
+          if (y0<y1) { ym = y0; yM = y1; } else { ym = y1; yM = y0; }
+          if (y2<ym) ym = y2;
+          if (y2>yM) yM = y2;
+          if (xM>=0 && xm<_width && yM>=0 && ym<_height && z0>zmin && z1>zmin && z2>zmin) {
+            const tpfloat d = (x1-x0)*(y2-y0) - (x2-x0)*(y1-y0);
+            if (is_double_sided || d<0) {
+              visibles(l) = (unsigned int)l;
+              zrange(l) = (z0 + z1 + z2)/3;
+            }
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 4 : // Rectangle
+        case 12 : {
+          const unsigned int
+            i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0),
+            i1 = (unsigned int)primitive(1),
+            i2 = (unsigned int)primitive(2),
+            i3 = (unsigned int)primitive(3);
+          const tpfloat
+            x0 = projections(i0,0), y0 = projections(i0,1), z0 = Z + vertices(i0,2),
+            x1 = projections(i1,0), y1 = projections(i1,1), z1 = Z + vertices(i1,2),
+            x2 = projections(i2,0), y2 = projections(i2,1), z2 = Z + vertices(i2,2),
+            x3 = projections(i3,0), y3 = projections(i3,1), z3 = Z + vertices(i3,2);
+          tpfloat xm, xM, ym, yM;
+          if (x0<x1) { xm = x0; xM = x1; } else { xm = x1; xM = x0; }
+          if (x2<xm) xm = x2;
+          if (x2>xM) xM = x2;
+          if (x3<xm) xm = x3;
+          if (x3>xM) xM = x3;
+          if (y0<y1) { ym = y0; yM = y1; } else { ym = y1; yM = y0; }
+          if (y2<ym) ym = y2;
+          if (y2>yM) yM = y2;
+          if (y3<ym) ym = y3;
+          if (y3>yM) yM = y3;
+          if (xM>=0 && xm<_width && yM>=0 && ym<_height && z0>zmin && z1>zmin && z2>zmin) {
+            const float d = (x1 - x0)*(y2 - y0) - (x2 - x0)*(y1 - y0);
+            if (is_double_sided || d<0) {
+              visibles(l) = (unsigned int)l;
+              zrange(l) = (z0 + z1 + z2 + z3)/4;
+            }
+          }
+        } break;
+        default :
+          throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                      "draw_object3d(): Invalid primitive[%u] with size %u "
+                                      "(should have size 1,2,3,4,5,6,9 or 12).",
+                                      cimg_instance,
+                                      l,primitive.size());
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Sort only visibles primitives.
+      unsigned int *p_visibles = visibles._data;
+      float *p_zrange = zrange._data;
+      const float *ptrz = p_zrange;
+      cimg_for(visibles,ptr,unsigned int) {
+        if (*ptr!=~0U) { *(p_visibles++) = *ptr; *(p_zrange++) = *ptrz; }
+        ++ptrz;
+      }
+      const unsigned int nb_visibles = p_zrange - zrange._data;
+      if (!nb_visibles) return *this;
+      CImg<uintT> permutations;
+      CImg<tpfloat>(zrange._data,nb_visibles,1,1,1,true).sort(permutations,false);
+
+      // Compute light properties
+      CImg<floatT> lightprops;
+      switch (render_type) {
+      case 3 : { // Flat Shading
+        lightprops.assign(nb_visibles);
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (nb_visibles>4096)
+#endif
+        cimg_forX(lightprops,l) {
+          const CImg<tf>& primitive = primitives(visibles(permutations(l)));
+          const unsigned int psize = primitive.size();
+          if (psize==3 || psize==4 || psize==9 || psize==12) {
+            const unsigned int
+              i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0),
+              i1 = (unsigned int)primitive(1),
+              i2 = (unsigned int)primitive(2);
+            const tpfloat
+              x0 = (tpfloat)vertices(i0,0), y0 = (tpfloat)vertices(i0,1), z0 = (tpfloat)vertices(i0,2),
+              x1 = (tpfloat)vertices(i1,0), y1 = (tpfloat)vertices(i1,1), z1 = (tpfloat)vertices(i1,2),
+              x2 = (tpfloat)vertices(i2,0), y2 = (tpfloat)vertices(i2,1), z2 = (tpfloat)vertices(i2,2),
+              dx1 = x1 - x0, dy1 = y1 - y0, dz1 = z1 - z0,
+              dx2 = x2 - x0, dy2 = y2 - y0, dz2 = z2 - z0,
+              nx = dy1*dz2 - dz1*dy2,
+              ny = dz1*dx2 - dx1*dz2,
+              nz = dx1*dy2 - dy1*dx2,
+              norm = (tpfloat)std::sqrt(1e-5f + nx*nx + ny*ny + nz*nz),
+              lx = X + (x0 + x1 + x2)/3 - lightx,
+              ly = Y + (y0 + y1 + y2)/3 - lighty,
+              lz = Z + (z0 + z1 + z2)/3 - lightz,
+              nl = (tpfloat)std::sqrt(1e-5f + lx*lx + ly*ly + lz*lz),
+              factor = cimg::max(cimg::abs(-lx*nx-ly*ny-lz*nz)/(norm*nl),0);
+            lightprops[l] = factor<=nspec?factor:(nsl1*factor*factor + nsl2*factor + nsl3);
+          } else lightprops[l] = 1;
+        }
+      } break;
+
+      case 4 : // Gouraud Shading
+      case 5 : { // Phong-Shading
+        CImg<tpfloat> vertices_normals(vertices._width,3,1,1,0);
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (nb_visibles>4096)
+#endif
+        for (unsigned int l = 0; l<nb_visibles; ++l) {
+          const CImg<tf>& primitive = primitives[visibles(l)];
+          const unsigned int psize = primitive.size();
+          const bool
+            triangle_flag = (psize==3) || (psize==9),
+            rectangle_flag = (psize==4) || (psize==12);
+          if (triangle_flag || rectangle_flag) {
+            const unsigned int
+              i0 = (unsigned int)primitive(0),
+              i1 = (unsigned int)primitive(1),
+              i2 = (unsigned int)primitive(2),
+              i3 = rectangle_flag?(unsigned int)primitive(3):0;
+            const tpfloat
+              x0 = (tpfloat)vertices(i0,0), y0 = (tpfloat)vertices(i0,1), z0 = (tpfloat)vertices(i0,2),
+              x1 = (tpfloat)vertices(i1,0), y1 = (tpfloat)vertices(i1,1), z1 = (tpfloat)vertices(i1,2),
+              x2 = (tpfloat)vertices(i2,0), y2 = (tpfloat)vertices(i2,1), z2 = (tpfloat)vertices(i2,2),
+              dx1 = x1 - x0, dy1 = y1 - y0, dz1 = z1 - z0,
+              dx2 = x2 - x0, dy2 = y2 - y0, dz2 = z2 - z0,
+              nnx = dy1*dz2 - dz1*dy2,
+              nny = dz1*dx2 - dx1*dz2,
+              nnz = dx1*dy2 - dy1*dx2,
+              norm = (tpfloat)(1e-5f + std::sqrt(nnx*nnx + nny*nny + nnz*nnz)),
+              nx = nnx/norm,
+              ny = nny/norm,
+              nz = nnz/norm;
+            vertices_normals(i0,0)+=nx; vertices_normals(i0,1)+=ny; vertices_normals(i0,2)+=nz;
+            vertices_normals(i1,0)+=nx; vertices_normals(i1,1)+=ny; vertices_normals(i1,2)+=nz;
+            vertices_normals(i2,0)+=nx; vertices_normals(i2,1)+=ny; vertices_normals(i2,2)+=nz;
+            if (rectangle_flag) { vertices_normals(i3,0)+=nx; vertices_normals(i3,1)+=ny; vertices_normals(i3,2)+=nz; }
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (is_double_sided) cimg_forX(vertices_normals,p) if (vertices_normals(p,2)>0) {
+          vertices_normals(p,0) = -vertices_normals(p,0);
+          vertices_normals(p,1) = -vertices_normals(p,1);
+          vertices_normals(p,2) = -vertices_normals(p,2);
+        }
+
+        if (render_type==4) {
+          lightprops.assign(vertices._width);
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (nb_visibles>4096)
+#endif
+          cimg_forX(lightprops,l) {
+            const tpfloat
+              nx = vertices_normals(l,0),
+              ny = vertices_normals(l,1),
+              nz = vertices_normals(l,2),
+              norm = (tpfloat)std::sqrt(1e-5f + nx*nx + ny*ny + nz*nz),
+              lx = X + vertices(l,0) - lightx,
+              ly = Y + vertices(l,1) - lighty,
+              lz = Z + vertices(l,2) - lightz,
+              nl = (tpfloat)std::sqrt(1e-5f + lx*lx + ly*ly + lz*lz),
+              factor = cimg::max((-lx*nx-ly*ny-lz*nz)/(norm*nl),0);
+            lightprops[l] = factor<=nspec?factor:(nsl1*factor*factor + nsl2*factor + nsl3);
+          }
+        } else {
+          const unsigned int
+            lw2 = light_texture._width/2 - 1,
+            lh2 = light_texture._height/2 - 1;
+          lightprops.assign(vertices._width,2);
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+#pragma omp parallel for if (nb_visibles>4096)
+#endif
+          cimg_forX(lightprops,l) {
+            const tpfloat
+              nx = vertices_normals(l,0),
+              ny = vertices_normals(l,1),
+              nz = vertices_normals(l,2),
+              norm = (tpfloat)std::sqrt(1e-5f + nx*nx + ny*ny + nz*nz),
+              nnx = nx/norm,
+              nny = ny/norm;
+            lightprops(l,0) = lw2*(1 + nnx);
+            lightprops(l,1) = lh2*(1 + nny);
+          }
+        }
+      } break;
+      }
+
+      // Draw visible primitives
+      const CImg<tc> default_color(1,_spectrum,1,1,(tc)200);
+      typedef typename to::value_type _to;
+      CImg<_to> _opacity;
+
+      for (unsigned int l = 0; l<nb_visibles; ++l) {
+        const unsigned int n_primitive = visibles(permutations(l));
+        const CImg<tf>& primitive = primitives[n_primitive];
+        const CImg<tc>
+          &__color = n_primitive<colors._width?colors[n_primitive]:CImg<tc>(),
+          _color = (__color && __color.size()!=_spectrum && __color._spectrum<_spectrum)?
+            __color.get_resize(-100,-100,-100,_spectrum,0):CImg<tc>(),
+          &color = _color?_color:(__color?__color:default_color);
+        const tc *const pcolor = color._data;
+        const float opacity = __draw_object3d(opacities,n_primitive,_opacity);
+
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+        LibBoard::Board &board = *(LibBoard::Board*)pboard;
+#endif
+
+        switch (primitive.size()) {
+        case 1 : { // Colored point or sprite
+          const unsigned int n0 = (unsigned int)primitive[0];
+          const int x0 = (int)projections(n0,0), y0 = (int)projections(n0,1);
+
+          if (_opacity.is_empty()) { // Scalar opacity.
+
+            if (color.size()==_spectrum) { // Colored point.
+              draw_point(x0,y0,pcolor,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+              if (pboard) {
+                board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+                board.fillCircle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,0);
+              }
+#endif
+            } else { // Sprite.
+              const tpfloat z = Z + vertices(n0,2);
+              const float factor = focale<0?1:sprite_scale*(absfocale?absfocale/(z + absfocale):1);
+              const unsigned int
+                _sw = (unsigned int)(color._width*factor),
+                _sh = (unsigned int)(color._height*factor),
+                sw = _sw?_sw:1, sh = _sh?_sh:1;
+              const int nx0 = x0 - (int)sw/2, ny0 = y0 - (int)sh/2;
+              if (sw<=3*_width/2 && sh<=3*_height/2 &&
+                  (nx0+(int)sw/2>=0 || nx0-(int)sw/2<width() || ny0+(int)sh/2>=0 || ny0-(int)sh/2<height())) {
+                const CImg<tc>
+                  _sprite = (sw!=color._width || sh!=color._height)?
+                    color.get_resize(sw,sh,1,-100,render_type<=3?1:3):CImg<tc>(),
+                  &sprite = _sprite?_sprite:color;
+                draw_image(nx0,ny0,sprite,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+                if (pboard) {
+                  board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128);
+                  board.setFillColor(LibBoard::Color::None);
+                  board.drawRectangle((float)nx0,height()-(float)ny0,sw,sh);
+                }
+#endif
+              }
+            }
+          } else { // Opacity mask.
+            const tpfloat z = Z + vertices(n0,2);
+            const float factor = focale<0?1:sprite_scale*(absfocale?absfocale/(z + absfocale):1);
+            const unsigned int
+              _sw = (unsigned int)(cimg::max(color._width,_opacity._width)*factor),
+              _sh = (unsigned int)(cimg::max(color._height,_opacity._height)*factor),
+              sw = _sw?_sw:1, sh = _sh?_sh:1;
+            const int nx0 = x0 - (int)sw/2, ny0 = y0 - (int)sh/2;
+            if (sw<=3*_width/2 && sh<=3*_height/2 &&
+                (nx0+(int)sw/2>=0 || nx0-(int)sw/2<width() || ny0+(int)sh/2>=0 || ny0-(int)sh/2<height())) {
+              const CImg<tc>
+                _sprite = (sw!=color._width || sh!=color._height)?
+                  color.get_resize(sw,sh,1,-100,render_type<=3?1:3):CImg<tc>(),
+                &sprite = _sprite?_sprite:color;
+              const CImg<_to>
+                _nopacity = (sw!=_opacity._width || sh!=_opacity._height)?
+                  _opacity.get_resize(sw,sh,1,-100,render_type<=3?1:3):CImg<_to>(),
+                &nopacity = _nopacity?_nopacity:_opacity;
+              draw_image(nx0,ny0,sprite,nopacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+              if (pboard) {
+                board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128);
+                board.setFillColor(LibBoard::Color::None);
+                board.drawRectangle((float)nx0,height()-(float)ny0,sw,sh);
+              }
+#endif
+            }
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 2 : { // Colored line
+          const unsigned int
+            n0 = (unsigned int)primitive[0],
+            n1 = (unsigned int)primitive[1];
+          const int
+            x0 = (int)projections(n0,0), y0 = (int)projections(n0,1),
+            x1 = (int)projections(n1,0), y1 = (int)projections(n1,1);
+          const float
+            z0 = vertices(n0,2) + Z + _focale,
+            z1 = vertices(n1,2) + Z + _focale;
+          if (render_type) {
+            if (zbuffer) draw_line(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,pcolor,opacity);
+            else draw_line(x0,y0,x1,y1,pcolor,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.drawLine((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,x1,height()-(float)y1);
+            }
+#endif
+          } else {
+            draw_point(x0,y0,pcolor,opacity).draw_point(x1,y1,pcolor,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.drawCircle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,0);
+              board.drawCircle((float)x1,height()-(float)y1,0);
+            }
+#endif
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 5 : { // Colored sphere
+          const unsigned int
+            n0 = (unsigned int)primitive[0],
+            n1 = (unsigned int)primitive[1],
+            is_wireframe = (unsigned int)primitive[2];
+          const float
+            Xc = 0.5f*((float)vertices(n0,0) + (float)vertices(n1,0)),
+            Yc = 0.5f*((float)vertices(n0,1) + (float)vertices(n1,1)),
+            Zc = 0.5f*((float)vertices(n0,2) + (float)vertices(n1,2)),
+            zc = Z + Zc + _focale,
+            xc = X + Xc*(absfocale?absfocale/zc:1),
+            yc = Y + Yc*(absfocale?absfocale/zc:1),
+            radius = 0.5f*std::sqrt(cimg::sqr(vertices(n1,0) - vertices(n0,0)) +
+                                    cimg::sqr(vertices(n1,1) - vertices(n0,1)) +
+                                    cimg::sqr(vertices(n1,2) - vertices(n0,2)))*(absfocale?absfocale/zc:1);
+          switch (render_type) {
+          case 0 :
+            draw_point((int)xc,(int)yc,pcolor,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.fillCircle(xc,height()-yc,0);
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+          case 1 :
+            draw_circle((int)xc,(int)yc,(int)radius,pcolor,opacity,~0U);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.setFillColor(LibBoard::Color::None);
+              board.drawCircle(xc,height()-yc,radius);
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+          default :
+            if (is_wireframe) draw_circle((int)xc,(int)yc,(int)radius,pcolor,opacity,~0U);
+            else draw_circle((int)xc,(int)yc,(int)radius,pcolor,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              if (!is_wireframe) board.fillCircle(xc,height()-yc,radius);
+              else {
+                board.setFillColor(LibBoard::Color::None);
+                board.drawCircle(xc,height()-yc,radius);
+              }
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 6 : { // Textured line
+          if (!__color)
+            throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                        "draw_object3d(): Undefined texture for line primitive [%u].",
+                                        cimg_instance,n_primitive);
+          const unsigned int
+            n0 = (unsigned int)primitive[0],
+            n1 = (unsigned int)primitive[1],
+            tx0 = (unsigned int)primitive[2],
+            ty0 = (unsigned int)primitive[3],
+            tx1 = (unsigned int)primitive[4],
+            ty1 = (unsigned int)primitive[5];
+          const int
+            x0 = (int)projections(n0,0), y0 = (int)projections(n0,1),
+            x1 = (int)projections(n1,0), y1 = (int)projections(n1,1);
+          const float
+            z0 = vertices(n0,2) + Z + _focale,
+            z1 = vertices(n1,2) + Z + _focale;
+          if (render_type) {
+            if (zbuffer) draw_line(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,opacity);
+            else draw_line(x0,y0,x1,y1,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.drawLine((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,(float)x1,height()-(float)y1);
+            }
+#endif
+          } else {
+            draw_point(x0,y0,color.get_vector_at(tx0,ty0)._data,opacity).
+              draw_point(x1,y1,color.get_vector_at(tx1,ty1)._data,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.drawCircle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,0);
+              board.drawCircle((float)x1,height()-(float)y1,0);
+            }
+#endif
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 3 : { // Colored triangle
+          const unsigned int
+            n0 = (unsigned int)primitive[0],
+            n1 = (unsigned int)primitive[1],
+            n2 = (unsigned int)primitive[2];
+          const int
+            x0 = (int)projections(n0,0), y0 = (int)projections(n0,1),
+            x1 = (int)projections(n1,0), y1 = (int)projections(n1,1),
+            x2 = (int)projections(n2,0), y2 = (int)projections(n2,1);
+          const float
+            z0 = vertices(n0,2) + Z + _focale,
+            z1 = vertices(n1,2) + Z + _focale,
+            z2 = vertices(n2,2) + Z + _focale;
+          switch (render_type) {
+          case 0 :
+            draw_point(x0,y0,pcolor,opacity).draw_point(x1,y1,pcolor,opacity).draw_point(x2,y2,pcolor,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.drawCircle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,0);
+              board.drawCircle((float)x1,height()-(float)y1,0);
+              board.drawCircle((float)x2,height()-(float)y2,0);
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+          case 1 :
+            if (zbuffer)
+              draw_line(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,pcolor,opacity).draw_line(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,pcolor,opacity).
+                draw_line(zbuffer,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,pcolor,opacity);
+            else
+              draw_line(x0,y0,x1,y1,pcolor,opacity).draw_line(x0,y0,x2,y2,pcolor,opacity).
+                draw_line(x1,y1,x2,y2,pcolor,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.drawLine((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,(float)x1,height()-(float)y1);
+              board.drawLine((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,(float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
+              board.drawLine((float)x1,height()-(float)y1,(float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+          case 2 :
+            if (zbuffer) draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,pcolor,opacity);
+            else draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,pcolor,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
+                                 (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,
+                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+          case 3 :
+            if (zbuffer) draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,pcolor,opacity,lightprops(l));
+            else _draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,pcolor,opacity,lightprops(l));
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              const float lp = cimg::min(lightprops(l),1);
+              board.setPenColorRGBi((unsigned char)(color[0]*lp),
+                                     (unsigned char)(color[1]*lp),
+                                     (unsigned char)(color[2]*lp),
+                                     (unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
+                                 (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,
+                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+          case 4 :
+            if (zbuffer)
+              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,pcolor,
+                            lightprops(n0),lightprops(n1),lightprops(n2),opacity);
+            else draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,pcolor,lightprops(n0),lightprops(n1),lightprops(n2),opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi((unsigned char)(color[0]),
+                                     (unsigned char)(color[1]),
+                                     (unsigned char)(color[2]),
+                                     (unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,lightprops(n0),
+                                         (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,lightprops(n1),
+                                         (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,lightprops(n2));
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+          case 5 : {
+            const unsigned int
+              lx0 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n0,0), ly0 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n0,1),
+              lx1 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n1,0), ly1 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n1,1),
+              lx2 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n2,0), ly2 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n2,1);
+            if (zbuffer)
+              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,pcolor,light_texture,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity);
+            else draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,pcolor,light_texture,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              const float
+                l0 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lightprops(n0,0))),
+                                   (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+lightprops(n0,1)))),
+                l1 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lightprops(n1,0))),
+                                   (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+lightprops(n1,1)))),
+                l2 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lightprops(n2,0))),
+                                   (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+lightprops(n2,1))));
+              board.setPenColorRGBi((unsigned char)(color[0]),
+                                     (unsigned char)(color[1]),
+                                     (unsigned char)(color[2]),
+                                     (unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,l0,
+                                         (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,l1,
+                                         (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,l2);
+            }
+#endif
+          } break;
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 4 : { // Colored rectangle
+          const unsigned int
+            n0 = (unsigned int)primitive[0],
+            n1 = (unsigned int)primitive[1],
+            n2 = (unsigned int)primitive[2],
+            n3 = (unsigned int)primitive[3];
+          const int
+            x0 = (int)projections(n0,0), y0 = (int)projections(n0,1),
+            x1 = (int)projections(n1,0), y1 = (int)projections(n1,1),
+            x2 = (int)projections(n2,0), y2 = (int)projections(n2,1),
+            x3 = (int)projections(n3,0), y3 = (int)projections(n3,1);
+          const float
+            z0 = vertices(n0,2) + Z + _focale,
+            z1 = vertices(n1,2) + Z + _focale,
+            z2 = vertices(n2,2) + Z + _focale,
+            z3 = vertices(n3,2) + Z + _focale;
+
+          switch (render_type) {
+          case 0 :
+            draw_point(x0,y0,pcolor,opacity).draw_point(x1,y1,pcolor,opacity).
+              draw_point(x2,y2,pcolor,opacity).draw_point(x3,y3,pcolor,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.drawCircle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,0);
+              board.drawCircle((float)x1,height()-(float)y1,0);
+              board.drawCircle((float)x2,height()-(float)y2,0);
+              board.drawCircle((float)x3,height()-(float)y3,0);
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+          case 1 :
+            if (zbuffer)
+              draw_line(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,pcolor,opacity).draw_line(zbuffer,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,pcolor,opacity).
+                draw_line(zbuffer,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,pcolor,opacity).draw_line(zbuffer,x3,y3,z3,x0,y0,z0,pcolor,opacity);
+            else
+              draw_line(x0,y0,x1,y1,pcolor,opacity).draw_line(x1,y1,x2,y2,pcolor,opacity).
+                draw_line(x2,y2,x3,y3,pcolor,opacity).draw_line(x3,y3,x0,y0,pcolor,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.drawLine((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,(float)x1,height()-(float)y1);
+              board.drawLine((float)x1,height()-(float)y1,(float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
+              board.drawLine((float)x2,height()-(float)y2,(float)x3,height()-(float)y3);
+              board.drawLine((float)x3,height()-(float)y3,(float)x0,height()-(float)y0);
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+          case 2 :
+            if (zbuffer)
+              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,pcolor,opacity).
+                draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,pcolor,opacity);
+            else
+              draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,pcolor,opacity).draw_triangle(x0,y0,x2,y2,x3,y3,pcolor,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(color[0],color[1],color[2],(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
+                                 (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,
+                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
+              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
+                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,
+                                 (float)x3,height()-(float)y3);
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+          case 3 :
+            if (zbuffer)
+              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,pcolor,opacity,lightprops(l)).
+                draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,pcolor,opacity,lightprops(l));
+            else
+              _draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,pcolor,opacity,lightprops(l)).
+                _draw_triangle(x0,y0,x2,y2,x3,y3,pcolor,opacity,lightprops(l));
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              const float lp = cimg::min(lightprops(l),1);
+              board.setPenColorRGBi((unsigned char)(color[0]*lp),
+                                     (unsigned char)(color[1]*lp),
+                                     (unsigned char)(color[2]*lp),(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
+                                 (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,
+                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
+              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
+                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,
+                                 (float)x3,height()-(float)y3);
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+          case 4 : {
+            const float
+              lightprop0 = lightprops(n0), lightprop1 = lightprops(n1),
+              lightprop2 = lightprops(n2), lightprop3 = lightprops(n3);
+            if (zbuffer)
+              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,pcolor,lightprop0,lightprop1,lightprop2,opacity).
+                draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,pcolor,lightprop0,lightprop2,lightprop3,opacity);
+            else
+              draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,pcolor,lightprop0,lightprop1,lightprop2,opacity).
+                draw_triangle(x0,y0,x2,y2,x3,y3,pcolor,lightprop0,lightprop2,lightprop3,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi((unsigned char)(color[0]),
+                                     (unsigned char)(color[1]),
+                                     (unsigned char)(color[2]),
+                                     (unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,lightprop0,
+                                         (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,lightprop1,
+                                         (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,lightprop2);
+              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,lightprop0,
+                                         (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,lightprop2,
+                                         (float)x3,height()-(float)y3,lightprop3);
+            }
+#endif
+          } break;
+          case 5 : {
+            const unsigned int
+              lx0 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n0,0), ly0 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n0,1),
+              lx1 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n1,0), ly1 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n1,1),
+              lx2 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n2,0), ly2 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n2,1),
+              lx3 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n3,0), ly3 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n3,1);
+            if (zbuffer)
+              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,pcolor,light_texture,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity).
+                draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,pcolor,light_texture,lx0,ly0,lx2,ly2,lx3,ly3,opacity);
+            else
+              draw_triangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2,pcolor,light_texture,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity).
+                draw_triangle(x0,y0,x2,y2,x3,y3,pcolor,light_texture,lx0,ly0,lx2,ly2,lx3,ly3,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              const float
+                l0 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lx0)), (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+ly0))),
+                l1 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lx1)), (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+ly1))),
+                l2 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lx2)), (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+ly2))),
+                l3 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lx3)), (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+ly3)));
+              board.setPenColorRGBi((unsigned char)(color[0]),
+                                     (unsigned char)(color[1]),
+                                     (unsigned char)(color[2]),
+                                     (unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,l0,
+                                         (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,l1,
+                                         (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,l2);
+              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,l0,
+                                         (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,l2,
+                                         (float)x3,height()-(float)y3,l3);
+            }
+#endif
+          } break;
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 9 : { // Textured triangle
+          if (!__color)
+            throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                        "draw_object3d(): Undefined texture for triangle primitive [%u].",
+                                        cimg_instance,n_primitive);
+          const unsigned int
+            n0 = (unsigned int)primitive[0],
+            n1 = (unsigned int)primitive[1],
+            n2 = (unsigned int)primitive[2],
+            tx0 = (unsigned int)primitive[3],
+            ty0 = (unsigned int)primitive[4],
+            tx1 = (unsigned int)primitive[5],
+            ty1 = (unsigned int)primitive[6],
+            tx2 = (unsigned int)primitive[7],
+            ty2 = (unsigned int)primitive[8];
+          const int
+            x0 = (int)projections(n0,0), y0 = (int)projections(n0,1),
+            x1 = (int)projections(n1,0), y1 = (int)projections(n1,1),
+            x2 = (int)projections(n2,0), y2 = (int)projections(n2,1);
+          const float
+            z0 = vertices(n0,2) + Z + _focale,
+            z1 = vertices(n1,2) + Z + _focale,
+            z2 = vertices(n2,2) + Z + _focale;
+          switch (render_type) {
+          case 0 :
+            draw_point(x0,y0,color.get_vector_at(tx0,ty0)._data,opacity).
+              draw_point(x1,y1,color.get_vector_at(tx1,ty1)._data,opacity).
+              draw_point(x2,y2,color.get_vector_at(tx2,ty2)._data,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.drawCircle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,0);
+              board.drawCircle((float)x1,height()-(float)y1,0);
+              board.drawCircle((float)x2,height()-(float)y2,0);
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+          case 1 :
+            if (zbuffer)
+              draw_line(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,opacity).
+                draw_line(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx2,ty2,opacity).
+                draw_line(zbuffer,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity);
+            else
+              draw_line(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,opacity).
+                draw_line(x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx2,ty2,opacity).
+                draw_line(x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.drawLine((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,(float)x1,height()-(float)y1);
+              board.drawLine((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,(float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
+              board.drawLine((float)x1,height()-(float)y1,(float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+          case 2 :
+            if (zbuffer) draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity);
+            else draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
+                                 (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,
+                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+          case 3 :
+            if (zbuffer)
+              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity,lightprops(l));
+            else draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity,lightprops(l));
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              const float lp = cimg::min(lightprops(l),1);
+              board.setPenColorRGBi((unsigned char)(128*lp),
+                                    (unsigned char)(128*lp),
+                                    (unsigned char)(128*lp),
+                                    (unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
+                                 (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,
+                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+          case 4 :
+            if (zbuffer)
+              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,
+                            lightprops(n0),lightprops(n1),lightprops(n2),opacity);
+            else
+              draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,
+                            lightprops(n0),lightprops(n1),lightprops(n2),opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,lightprops(n0),
+                                        (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,lightprops(n1),
+                                        (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,lightprops(n2));
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+          case 5 :
+            if (zbuffer)
+              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,light_texture,
+                            (unsigned int)lightprops(n0,0),(unsigned int)lightprops(n0,1),
+                            (unsigned int)lightprops(n1,0),(unsigned int)lightprops(n1,1),
+                            (unsigned int)lightprops(n2,0),(unsigned int)lightprops(n2,1),
+                            opacity);
+            else
+              draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,light_texture,
+                            (unsigned int)lightprops(n0,0),(unsigned int)lightprops(n0,1),
+                            (unsigned int)lightprops(n1,0),(unsigned int)lightprops(n1,1),
+                            (unsigned int)lightprops(n2,0),(unsigned int)lightprops(n2,1),
+                            opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              const float
+                l0 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lightprops(n0,0))),
+                                   (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+lightprops(n0,1)))),
+                l1 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lightprops(n1,0))),
+                                   (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+lightprops(n1,1)))),
+                l2 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lightprops(n2,0))),
+                                   (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+lightprops(n2,1))));
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,l0,
+                                        (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,l1,
+                                        (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,l2);
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 12 : { // Textured quadrangle
+          if (!__color)
+            throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                        "draw_object3d(): Undefined texture for quadrangle primitive [%u].",
+                                        cimg_instance,n_primitive);
+          const unsigned int
+            n0 = (unsigned int)primitive[0],
+            n1 = (unsigned int)primitive[1],
+            n2 = (unsigned int)primitive[2],
+            n3 = (unsigned int)primitive[3],
+            tx0 = (unsigned int)primitive[4],
+            ty0 = (unsigned int)primitive[5],
+            tx1 = (unsigned int)primitive[6],
+            ty1 = (unsigned int)primitive[7],
+            tx2 = (unsigned int)primitive[8],
+            ty2 = (unsigned int)primitive[9],
+            tx3 = (unsigned int)primitive[10],
+            ty3 = (unsigned int)primitive[11];
+          const int
+            x0 = (int)projections(n0,0), y0 = (int)projections(n0,1),
+            x1 = (int)projections(n1,0), y1 = (int)projections(n1,1),
+            x2 = (int)projections(n2,0), y2 = (int)projections(n2,1),
+            x3 = (int)projections(n3,0), y3 = (int)projections(n3,1);
+          const float
+            z0 = vertices(n0,2) + Z + _focale,
+            z1 = vertices(n1,2) + Z + _focale,
+            z2 = vertices(n2,2) + Z + _focale,
+            z3 = vertices(n3,2) + Z + _focale;
+
+          switch (render_type) {
+          case 0 :
+            draw_point(x0,y0,color.get_vector_at(tx0,ty0)._data,opacity).
+              draw_point(x1,y1,color.get_vector_at(tx1,ty1)._data,opacity).
+              draw_point(x2,y2,color.get_vector_at(tx2,ty2)._data,opacity).
+              draw_point(x3,y3,color.get_vector_at(tx3,ty3)._data,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.drawCircle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,0);
+              board.drawCircle((float)x1,height()-(float)y1,0);
+              board.drawCircle((float)x2,height()-(float)y2,0);
+              board.drawCircle((float)x3,height()-(float)y3,0);
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+          case 1 :
+            if (zbuffer)
+              draw_line(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,opacity).
+                draw_line(zbuffer,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity).
+                draw_line(zbuffer,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,color,tx2,ty2,tx3,ty3,opacity).
+                draw_line(zbuffer,x3,y3,z3,x0,y0,z0,color,tx3,ty3,tx0,ty0,opacity);
+            else
+              draw_line(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,opacity).
+                draw_line(x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity).
+                draw_line(x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,color,tx2,ty2,tx3,ty3,opacity).
+                draw_line(x3,y3,z3,x0,y0,z0,color,tx3,ty3,tx0,ty0,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.drawLine((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,(float)x1,height()-(float)y1);
+              board.drawLine((float)x1,height()-(float)y1,(float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
+              board.drawLine((float)x2,height()-(float)y2,(float)x3,height()-(float)y3);
+              board.drawLine((float)x3,height()-(float)y3,(float)x0,height()-(float)y0);
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+          case 2 :
+            if (zbuffer)
+              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity).
+                draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,color,tx0,ty0,tx2,ty2,tx3,ty3,opacity);
+            else
+              draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity).
+                draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,color,tx0,ty0,tx2,ty2,tx3,ty3,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
+                                 (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,
+                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
+              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
+                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,
+                                 (float)x3,height()-(float)y3);
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+          case 3 :
+            if (zbuffer)
+              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity,lightprops(l)).
+                draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,color,tx0,ty0,tx2,ty2,tx3,ty3,opacity,lightprops(l));
+            else
+              draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,opacity,lightprops(l)).
+                draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,color,tx0,ty0,tx2,ty2,tx3,ty3,opacity,lightprops(l));
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              const float lp = cimg::min(lightprops(l),1);
+              board.setPenColorRGBi((unsigned char)(128*lp),
+                                     (unsigned char)(128*lp),
+                                     (unsigned char)(128*lp),
+                                     (unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
+                                 (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,
+                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2);
+              board.fillTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,
+                                 (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,
+                                 (float)x3,height()-(float)y3);
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+          case 4 : {
+            const float
+              lightprop0 = lightprops(n0), lightprop1 = lightprops(n1),
+              lightprop2 = lightprops(n2), lightprop3 = lightprops(n3);
+            if (zbuffer)
+              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,
+                            lightprop0,lightprop1,lightprop2,opacity).
+                draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,color,tx0,ty0,tx2,ty2,tx3,ty3,
+                              lightprop0,lightprop2,lightprop3,opacity);
+            else
+              draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,
+                            lightprop0,lightprop1,lightprop2,opacity).
+                draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,color,tx0,ty0,tx2,ty2,tx3,ty3,
+                              lightprop0,lightprop2,lightprop3,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,lightprop0,
+                                         (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,lightprop1,
+                                         (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,lightprop2);
+              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,lightprop0,
+                                         (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,lightprop2,
+                                         (float)x3,height()-(float)y3,lightprop3);
+            }
+#endif
+          } break;
+          case 5 : {
+            const unsigned int
+              lx0 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n0,0), ly0 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n0,1),
+              lx1 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n1,0), ly1 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n1,1),
+              lx2 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n2,0), ly2 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n2,1),
+              lx3 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n3,0), ly3 = (unsigned int)lightprops(n3,1);
+            if (zbuffer)
+              draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,
+                            light_texture,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity).
+                draw_triangle(zbuffer,x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,color,tx0,ty0,tx2,ty2,tx3,ty3,
+                              light_texture,lx0,ly0,lx2,ly2,lx3,ly3,opacity);
+            else
+              draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,color,tx0,ty0,tx1,ty1,tx2,ty2,
+                            light_texture,lx0,ly0,lx1,ly1,lx2,ly2,opacity).
+                draw_triangle(x0,y0,z0,x2,y2,z2,x3,y3,z3,color,tx0,ty0,tx2,ty2,tx3,ty3,
+                              light_texture,lx0,ly0,lx2,ly2,lx3,ly3,opacity);
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+            if (pboard) {
+              const float
+                l0 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lx0)), (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+ly0))),
+                l1 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lx1)), (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+ly1))),
+                l2 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lx2)), (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+ly2))),
+                l3 = light_texture((int)(light_texture.width()/2*(1+lx3)), (int)(light_texture.height()/2*(1+ly3)));
+              board.setPenColorRGBi(128,128,128,(unsigned char)(opacity*255));
+              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,l0,
+                                         (float)x1,height()-(float)y1,l1,
+                                         (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,l2);
+              board.fillGouraudTriangle((float)x0,height()-(float)y0,l0,
+                                         (float)x2,height()-(float)y2,l2,
+                                         (float)x3,height()-(float)y3,l3);
+            }
+#endif
+          } break;
+          }
+        } break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (render_type==5) cimg::mutex(10,0);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //---------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Data Input
+    //@{
+    //---------------------------
+
+    //! Launch simple interface to select a shape from an image.
+    /**
+       \param disp Display window to use.
+       \param feature_type Type of feature to select. Can be <tt>{ 0=point | 1=line | 2=rectangle | 3=ellipse }</tt>.
+       \param XYZ Pointer to 3 values X,Y,Z which tells about the projection point coordinates, for volumetric images.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& select(CImgDisplay &disp,
+		    const unsigned int feature_type=2, unsigned int *const XYZ=0) {
+      return get_select(disp,feature_type,XYZ).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Simple interface to select a shape from an image \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& select(const char *const title,
+		    const unsigned int feature_type=2, unsigned int *const XYZ=0) {
+      return get_select(title,feature_type,XYZ).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Simple interface to select a shape from an image \newinstance.
+    CImg<intT> get_select(CImgDisplay &disp,
+		          const unsigned int feature_type=2, unsigned int *const XYZ=0) const {
+      return _get_select(disp,0,feature_type,XYZ,0,0,0,true,false);
+    }
+
+    //! Simple interface to select a shape from an image \newinstance.
+    CImg<intT> get_select(const char *const title,
+    			  const unsigned int feature_type=2, unsigned int *const XYZ=0) const {
+      CImgDisplay disp;
+      return _get_select(disp,title,feature_type,XYZ,0,0,0,true,false);
+    }
+
+    CImg<intT> _get_select(CImgDisplay &disp, const char *const title,
+			   const unsigned int feature_type, unsigned int *const XYZ,
+			   const int origX, const int origY, const int origZ,
+                           const bool reset_view3d,
+                           const bool force_display_z_coord) const {
+      if (is_empty()) return CImg<intT>(1,feature_type==0?3:6,1,1,-1);
+      if (!disp) {
+        disp.assign(cimg_fitscreen(_width,_height,_depth),title?title:0,1);
+        if (!title) disp.set_title("CImg<%s> (%ux%ux%ux%u)",pixel_type(),_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+      } else if (title) disp.set_title("%s",title);
+
+      const unsigned int old_normalization = disp.normalization();
+      bool old_is_resized = disp.is_resized();
+      disp._normalization = 0;
+      disp.show().set_key(0).set_wheel().show_mouse();
+
+      unsigned char foreground_color[] = { 255,255,255 }, background_color[] = { 0,0,0 };
+
+      int area = 0, starting_area = 0, clicked_area = 0, phase = 0,
+        X0 = (int)((XYZ?XYZ[0]:(_width-1)/2)%_width),
+        Y0 = (int)((XYZ?XYZ[1]:(_height-1)/2)%_height),
+        Z0 = (int)((XYZ?XYZ[2]:(_depth-1)/2)%_depth),
+        X1 =-1, Y1 = -1, Z1 = -1,
+        X3d = -1, Y3d = -1,
+        oX3d = X3d, oY3d = -1,
+        omx = -1, omy = -1;
+      float X = -1, Y = -1, Z = -1;
+      unsigned int old_button = 0, key = 0;
+
+      bool shape_selected = false, text_down = false, visible_cursor = true;
+      static CImg<floatT> pose3d;
+      static bool is_view3d = false, is_axes = true;
+      if (reset_view3d) { pose3d.assign(); is_view3d = false; }
+      CImg<floatT> points3d, opacities3d, sel_opacities3d;
+      CImgList<uintT> primitives3d, sel_primitives3d;
+      CImgList<ucharT> colors3d, sel_colors3d;
+      CImg<ucharT> visu, visu0, view3d;
+      char text[1024] = { 0 };
+
+      while (!key && !disp.is_closed() && !shape_selected) {
+
+        // Handle mouse motion and selection
+        int
+          mx = disp.mouse_x(),
+          my = disp.mouse_y();
+
+        const float
+          mX = mx<0?-1.0f:(float)mx*(width()+(depth()>1?depth():0))/disp.width(),
+          mY = my<0?-1.0f:(float)my*(height()+(depth()>1?depth():0))/disp.height();
+
+        area = 0;
+        if (mX>=0 && mY>=0 && mX<width() && mY<height())  { area = 1; X = mX; Y = mY; Z = (float)(phase?Z1:Z0); }
+        if (mX>=0 && mX<width() && mY>=height()) { area = 2; X = mX; Z = mY - _height; Y = (float)(phase?Y1:Y0); }
+        if (mY>=0 && mX>=width() && mY<height()) { area = 3; Y = mY; Z = mX - _width; X = (float)(phase?X1:X0); }
+        if (mX>=width() && mY>=height()) area = 4;
+        if (disp.button()) { if (!clicked_area) clicked_area = area; } else clicked_area = 0;
+
+        switch (key = disp.key()) {
+#if cimg_OS!=2
+        case cimg::keyCTRLRIGHT :
+#endif
+        case 0 : case cimg::keyCTRLLEFT : key = 0; break;
+        case cimg::keyPAGEUP :
+          if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { disp.set_wheel(1); key = 0; } break;
+        case cimg::keyPAGEDOWN :
+          if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { disp.set_wheel(-1); key = 0; } break;
+        case cimg::keyA : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            is_axes = !is_axes; disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; visu0.assign();
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyD : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            disp.set_fullscreen(false).
+              resize(CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(3*disp.width()/2,3*disp.height()/2,1,128,-100,false),
+                     CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(3*disp.width()/2,3*disp.height()/2,1,128,-100,true),false).
+              _is_resized = true;
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; visu0.assign();
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyC : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            disp.set_fullscreen(false).
+              resize(cimg_fitscreen(2*disp.width()/3,2*disp.height()/3,1),false)._is_resized = true;
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; visu0.assign();
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyR : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            disp.set_fullscreen(false).resize(cimg_fitscreen(_width,_height,_depth),false)._is_resized = true;
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; visu0.assign();
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyF : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            disp.resize(disp.screen_width(),disp.screen_height(),false).toggle_fullscreen()._is_resized = true;
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; visu0.assign();
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyV : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            is_view3d = !is_view3d; disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; visu0.assign();
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyS : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            static unsigned int snap_number = 0;
+            char filename[32] = { 0 };
+            std::FILE *file;
+            do {
+              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.bmp",snap_number++);
+              if ((file=std::fopen(filename,"r"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+            } while (file);
+            if (visu0) {
+              (+visu0).draw_text(0,0," Saving snapshot... ",foreground_color,background_color,0.7f,13).display(disp);
+              visu0.save(filename);
+              (+visu0).draw_text(0,0," Snapshot '%s' saved. ",foreground_color,background_color,0.7f,13,filename).
+                display(disp);
+            }
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyO : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            static unsigned int snap_number = 0;
+            char filename[32] = { 0 };
+            std::FILE *file;
+            do {
+#ifdef cimg_use_zlib
+              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.cimgz",snap_number++);
+#else
+              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.cimg",snap_number++);
+#endif
+              if ((file=std::fopen(filename,"r"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+            } while (file);
+            (+visu0).draw_text(0,0," Saving instance... ",foreground_color,background_color,0.7f,13).display(disp);
+            save(filename);
+            (+visu0).draw_text(0,0," Instance '%s' saved. ",foreground_color,background_color,0.7f,13,filename).
+              display(disp);
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
+          } break;
+        }
+
+        switch (area) {
+
+        case 0 : // When mouse is out of image range.
+          mx = my = -1; X = Y = Z = -1;
+          break;
+
+        case 1 : case 2 : case 3 : // When mouse is over the XY,XZ or YZ projections.
+          if (disp.button()&1 && phase<2 && clicked_area==area) { // When selection has been started (1st step).
+            if (_depth>1 && (X1!=(int)X || Y1!=(int)Y || Z1!=(int)Z)) visu0.assign();
+            X1 = (int)X; Y1 = (int)Y; Z1 = (int)Z;
+          }
+          if (!(disp.button()&1) && phase>=2 && clicked_area!=area) { // When selection is at 2nd step (for volumes).
+            switch (starting_area) {
+            case 1 : if (Z1!=(int)Z) visu0.assign(); Z1 = (int)Z; break;
+            case 2 : if (Y1!=(int)Y) visu0.assign(); Y1 = (int)Y; break;
+            case 3 : if (X1!=(int)X) visu0.assign(); X1 = (int)X; break;
+            }
+          }
+          if (disp.button()&2 && clicked_area==area) { // When moving through the image/volume.
+            if (phase) {
+              if (_depth>1 && (X1!=(int)X || Y1!=(int)Y || Z1!=(int)Z)) visu0.assign();
+              X1 = (int)X; Y1 = (int)Y; Z1 = (int)Z;
+            } else {
+              if (_depth>1 && (X0!=(int)X || Y0!=(int)Y || Z0!=(int)Z)) visu0.assign();
+              X0 = (int)X; Y0 = (int)Y; Z0 = (int)Z;
+            }
+          }
+          if (disp.button()&4) { // Reset positions.
+            X = (float)X0; Y = (float)Y0; Z = (float)Z0; phase = area = clicked_area = starting_area = 0;
+            visu0.assign();
+          }
+          if (disp.wheel()) { // When moving through the slices of the volume (with mouse wheel).
+            if (_depth>1 && !disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() && !disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT() &&
+                !disp.is_keySHIFTLEFT() && !disp.is_keySHIFTRIGHT() &&
+                !disp.is_keyALT() && !disp.is_keyALTGR()) {
+              switch (area) {
+              case 1 :
+                if (phase) Z = (float)(Z1+=disp.wheel()); else Z = (float)(Z0+=disp.wheel());
+                visu0.assign(); break;
+              case 2 :
+                if (phase) Y = (float)(Y1+=disp.wheel()); else Y = (float)(Y0+=disp.wheel());
+                visu0.assign(); break;
+              case 3 :
+                if (phase) X = (float)(X1+=disp.wheel()); else X = (float)(X0+=disp.wheel());
+                visu0.assign(); break;
+              }
+              disp.set_wheel();
+            } else key = ~0U;
+          }
+          if ((disp.button()&1)!=old_button) { // When left button has just been pressed or released.
+            switch (phase) {
+            case 0 :
+              if (area==clicked_area) {
+                X0 = X1 = (int)X; Y0 = Y1 = (int)Y; Z0 = Z1 = (int)Z; starting_area = area; ++phase;
+              } break;
+            case 1 :
+              if (area==starting_area) {
+                X1 = (int)X; Y1 = (int)Y; Z1 = (int)Z; ++phase;
+              } else if (!(disp.button()&1)) { X = (float)X0; Y = (float)Y0; Z = (float)Z0; phase = 0; visu0.assign(); }
+              break;
+            case 2 : ++phase; break;
+            }
+            old_button = disp.button()&1;
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case 4 : // When mouse is over the 3d view.
+          if (is_view3d && points3d) {
+            X3d = mx - _width*disp.width()/(_width+(_depth>1?_depth:0));
+            Y3d = my - _height*disp.height()/(_height+(_depth>1?_depth:0));
+            if (oX3d<0) { oX3d = X3d; oY3d = Y3d; }
+            // Left + right buttons: reset.
+            if ((disp.button()&3)==3) { pose3d.assign(); view3d.assign(); oX3d = oY3d = X3d = Y3d = -1; }
+            else if (disp.button()&1 && pose3d && (oX3d!=X3d || oY3d!=Y3d)) { // Left button: rotate.
+              const float
+                R = 0.45f*cimg::min(view3d._width,view3d._height),
+                R2 = R*R,
+                u0 = (float)(oX3d-view3d.width()/2),
+                v0 = (float)(oY3d-view3d.height()/2),
+                u1 = (float)(X3d-view3d.width()/2),
+                v1 = (float)(Y3d-view3d.height()/2),
+                n0 = (float)std::sqrt(u0*u0+v0*v0),
+                n1 = (float)std::sqrt(u1*u1+v1*v1),
+                nu0 = n0>R?(u0*R/n0):u0,
+                nv0 = n0>R?(v0*R/n0):v0,
+                nw0 = (float)std::sqrt(cimg::max(0,R2-nu0*nu0-nv0*nv0)),
+                nu1 = n1>R?(u1*R/n1):u1,
+                nv1 = n1>R?(v1*R/n1):v1,
+                nw1 = (float)std::sqrt(cimg::max(0,R2-nu1*nu1-nv1*nv1)),
+                u = nv0*nw1 - nw0*nv1,
+                v = nw0*nu1 - nu0*nw1,
+                w = nv0*nu1 - nu0*nv1,
+                n = (float)std::sqrt(u*u+v*v+w*w),
+                alpha = (float)std::asin(n/R2);
+              pose3d.draw_image(CImg<floatT>::rotation_matrix(u,v,w,alpha)*pose3d.get_crop(0,0,2,2));
+              view3d.assign();
+            } else if (disp.button()&2 && pose3d && oY3d!=Y3d) {  // Right button: zoom.
+              pose3d(3,2)-=(oY3d - Y3d)*1.5f; view3d.assign();
+            }
+            if (disp.wheel()) { // Wheel: zoom
+              pose3d(3,2)-=disp.wheel()*15; view3d.assign(); disp.set_wheel();
+            }
+            if (disp.button()&4 && pose3d && (oX3d!=X3d || oY3d!=Y3d)) { // Middle button: shift.
+              pose3d(3,0)-=oX3d - X3d; pose3d(3,1)-=oY3d - Y3d; view3d.assign();
+            }
+            oX3d = X3d; oY3d = Y3d;
+          }
+          mx = my = -1; X = Y = Z = -1;
+          break;
+        }
+
+        if (phase) {
+          if (!feature_type) shape_selected = phase?true:false;
+          else {
+            if (_depth>1) shape_selected = (phase==3)?true:false;
+            else shape_selected = (phase==2)?true:false;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (X0<0) X0 = 0; if (X0>=width()) X0 = width() - 1;
+        if (Y0<0) Y0 = 0; if (Y0>=height()) Y0 = height() - 1;
+        if (Z0<0) Z0 = 0; if (Z0>=depth()) Z0 = depth() - 1;
+        if (X1<1) X1 = 0; if (X1>=width()) X1 = width() - 1;
+        if (Y1<0) Y1 = 0; if (Y1>=height()) Y1 = height() - 1;
+        if (Z1<0) Z1 = 0; if (Z1>=depth()) Z1 = depth() - 1;
+
+        // Draw visualization image on the display
+        if (mx!=omx || my!=omy || !visu0 || (_depth>1 && !view3d)) {
+
+          if (!visu0) { // Create image of projected planes.
+            __get_select(disp,old_normalization,phase?X1:X0,phase?Y1:Y0,phase?Z1:Z0).move_to(visu0).resize(disp);
+            view3d.assign();
+            points3d.assign();
+          }
+
+          if (is_view3d && _depth>1 && !view3d) { // Create 3d view for volumetric images.
+            const unsigned int
+              _x3d = (unsigned int)cimg::round((float)_width*visu0._width/(_width+_depth),1,1),
+              _y3d = (unsigned int)cimg::round((float)_height*visu0._height/(_height+_depth),1,1),
+              x3d = _x3d>=visu0._width?visu0._width-1:_x3d,
+              y3d = _y3d>=visu0._height?visu0._height-1:_y3d;
+            CImg<ucharT>(1,2,1,1,64,128).resize(visu0._width-x3d,visu0._height-y3d,1,visu0._spectrum,3).move_to(view3d);
+            if (!points3d) {
+              get_projections3d(primitives3d,colors3d,phase?X1:X0,phase?Y1:Y0,phase?Z1:Z0,true).move_to(points3d);
+              points3d.append(CImg<floatT>(8,3,1,1,
+                                           0,_width-1,_width-1,0,0,_width-1,_width-1,0,
+                                           0,0,_height-1,_height-1,0,0,_height-1,_height-1,
+                                           0,0,0,0,_depth-1,_depth-1,_depth-1,_depth-1),'x');
+              CImg<uintT>::vector(12,13).move_to(primitives3d); CImg<uintT>::vector(13,14).move_to(primitives3d);
+              CImg<uintT>::vector(14,15).move_to(primitives3d); CImg<uintT>::vector(15,12).move_to(primitives3d);
+              CImg<uintT>::vector(16,17).move_to(primitives3d); CImg<uintT>::vector(17,18).move_to(primitives3d);
+              CImg<uintT>::vector(18,19).move_to(primitives3d); CImg<uintT>::vector(19,16).move_to(primitives3d);
+              CImg<uintT>::vector(12,16).move_to(primitives3d); CImg<uintT>::vector(13,17).move_to(primitives3d);
+              CImg<uintT>::vector(14,18).move_to(primitives3d); CImg<uintT>::vector(15,19).move_to(primitives3d);
+              colors3d.insert(12,CImg<ucharT>::vector(255,255,255));
+              opacities3d.assign(primitives3d.width(),1,1,1,0.5f);
+              if (!phase) {
+                opacities3d[0] = opacities3d[1] = opacities3d[2] = 0.8f;
+                sel_primitives3d.assign();
+                sel_colors3d.assign();
+                sel_opacities3d.assign();
+              } else {
+                if (feature_type==2) {
+                  points3d.append(CImg<floatT>(8,3,1,1,
+                                               X0,X1,X1,X0,X0,X1,X1,X0,
+                                               Y0,Y0,Y1,Y1,Y0,Y0,Y1,Y1,
+                                               Z0,Z0,Z0,Z0,Z1,Z1,Z1,Z1),'x');
+                  sel_primitives3d.assign();
+                  CImg<uintT>::vector(20,21).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
+                  CImg<uintT>::vector(21,22).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
+                  CImg<uintT>::vector(22,23).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
+                  CImg<uintT>::vector(23,20).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
+                  CImg<uintT>::vector(24,25).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
+                  CImg<uintT>::vector(25,26).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
+                  CImg<uintT>::vector(26,27).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
+                  CImg<uintT>::vector(27,24).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
+                  CImg<uintT>::vector(20,24).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
+                  CImg<uintT>::vector(21,25).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
+                  CImg<uintT>::vector(22,26).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
+                  CImg<uintT>::vector(23,27).move_to(sel_primitives3d);
+                } else {
+                  points3d.append(CImg<floatT>(2,3,1,1,
+                                               X0,X1,
+                                               Y0,Y1,
+                                               Z0,Z1),'x');
+                  sel_primitives3d.assign(CImg<uintT>::vector(20,21));
+                }
+                sel_colors3d.assign(sel_primitives3d._width,CImg<ucharT>::vector(255,255,255));
+                sel_opacities3d.assign(sel_primitives3d._width,1,1,1,0.8f);
+              }
+              points3d.shift_object3d(-0.5f*(_width-1),-0.5f*(_height-1),-0.5f*(_depth-1)).resize_object3d();
+              points3d*=0.75f*cimg::min(view3d._width,view3d._height);
+            }
+
+            if (!pose3d) CImg<floatT>(4,3,1,1, 1,0,0,0, 0,1,0,0, 0,0,1,0).move_to(pose3d);
+            CImg<floatT> zbuffer3d(view3d._width,view3d._height,1,1,0);
+            const CImg<floatT> rotated_points3d = pose3d.get_crop(0,0,2,2)*points3d;
+            if (sel_primitives3d)
+              view3d.draw_object3d(pose3d(3,0) + 0.5f*view3d._width,
+                                   pose3d(3,1) + 0.5f*view3d._height,
+                                   pose3d(3,2),
+                                   rotated_points3d,sel_primitives3d,sel_colors3d,sel_opacities3d,
+                                   2,true,500,0,0,0,0,0,zbuffer3d);
+            view3d.draw_object3d(pose3d(3,0) + 0.5f*view3d._width,
+                                 pose3d(3,1) + 0.5f*view3d._height,
+                                 pose3d(3,2),
+                                 rotated_points3d,primitives3d,colors3d,opacities3d,
+                                 2,true,500,0,0,0,0,0,zbuffer3d);
+            visu0.draw_image(x3d,y3d,view3d);
+          }
+          visu = visu0;
+
+          if (X<0 || Y<0 || Z<0) { if (!visible_cursor) { disp.show_mouse(); visible_cursor = true; }}
+          else {
+            if (is_axes) { if (visible_cursor) { disp.hide_mouse(); visible_cursor = false; }}
+            else { if (!visible_cursor) { disp.show_mouse(); visible_cursor = true; }}
+            const int d = (_depth>1)?_depth:0;
+            int
+              w = disp.width(), W = width() + d,
+              h = disp.height(), H = height() + d,
+              _xp = (int)X*w/W, xp = _xp + (_xp*W/w!=(int)X?1:0),
+              _yp = (int)Y*h/H, yp = _yp + (_yp*H/h!=(int)Y?1:0),
+              _xn = (int)(X+1)*w/W-1, xn = _xn + ((_xn+1)*W/w!=(int)X+1?1:0),
+              _yn = (int)(Y+1)*h/H-1, yn = _yn + ((_yn+1)*H/h!=(int)Y+1?1:0),
+              _zxp = ((int)Z+width())*w/W, zxp = _zxp + (_zxp*W/w!=(int)Z+width()?1:0),
+              _zyp = ((int)Z+height())*h/H, zyp = _zyp + (_zyp*H/h!=(int)Z+height()?1:0),
+              _zxn = ((int)Z+width()+1)*w/W-1, zxn = _zxn + ((_zxn+1)*W/w!=(int)Z+width()+1?1:0),
+              _zyn = ((int)Z+height()+1)*h/H-1, zyn = _zyn + ((_zyn+1)*H/h!=(int)Z+height()+1?1:0),
+              _xM = width()*w/W-1, xM = _xM + ((_xM+1)*W/w!=width()?1:0),
+              _yM = height()*h/H-1, yM = _yM + ((_yM+1)*H/h!=height()?1:0),
+              xc = (xp + xn)/2,
+              yc = (yp + yn)/2,
+              zxc = (zxp + zxn)/2,
+              zyc = (zyp + zyn)/2,
+              xf = (int)(X*w/W),
+              yf = (int)(Y*h/H),
+              zxf = (int)((Z+width())*w/W),
+              zyf = (int)((Z+height())*h/H);
+
+            if (is_axes) { // Draw axes.
+              visu.draw_line(0,yf,visu.width()-1,yf,foreground_color,0.7f,0xFF00FF00).
+                draw_line(0,yf,visu.width()-1,yf,background_color,0.7f,0x00FF00FF).
+                draw_line(xf,0,xf,visu.height()-1,foreground_color,0.7f,0xFF00FF00).
+                draw_line(xf,0,xf,visu.height()-1,background_color,0.7f,0x00FF00FF);
+              if (_depth>1)
+                visu.draw_line(zxf,0,zxf,yM,foreground_color,0.7f,0xFF00FF00).
+                  draw_line(zxf,0,zxf,yM,background_color,0.7f,0x00FF00FF).
+                  draw_line(0,zyf,xM,zyf,foreground_color,0.7f,0xFF00FF00).
+                  draw_line(0,zyf,xM,zyf,background_color,0.7f,0x00FF00FF);
+            }
+
+            // Draw box cursor.
+            if (xn-xp>=4 && yn-yp>=4) visu.draw_rectangle(xp,yp,xn,yn,foreground_color,0.2f).
+                                        draw_rectangle(xp,yp,xn,yn,foreground_color,1,0xAAAAAAAA).
+                                        draw_rectangle(xp,yp,xn,yn,background_color,1,0x55555555);
+            if (_depth>1) {
+              if (yn-yp>=4 && zxn-zxp>=4) visu.draw_rectangle(zxp,yp,zxn,yn,background_color,0.2f).
+                                            draw_rectangle(zxp,yp,zxn,yn,foreground_color,1,0xAAAAAAAA).
+                                            draw_rectangle(zxp,yp,zxn,yn,background_color,1,0x55555555);
+              if (xn-xp>=4 && zyn-zyp>=4) visu.draw_rectangle(xp,zyp,xn,zyn,background_color,0.2f).
+                                            draw_rectangle(xp,zyp,xn,zyn,foreground_color,1,0xAAAAAAAA).
+                                            draw_rectangle(xp,zyp,xn,zyn,background_color,1,0x55555555);
+            }
+
+            // Draw selection.
+            if (phase) {
+              const int
+                _xp0 = X0*w/W, xp0 = _xp0 + (_xp0*W/w!=X0?1:0),
+                _yp0 = Y0*h/H, yp0 = _yp0 + (_yp0*H/h!=Y0?1:0),
+                _xn0 = (X0+1)*w/W-1, xn0 = _xn0 + ((_xn0+1)*W/w!=X0+1?1:0),
+                _yn0 = (Y0+1)*h/H-1, yn0 = _yn0 + ((_yn0+1)*H/h!=Y0+1?1:0),
+                _zxp0 = (Z0+width())*w/W, zxp0 = _zxp0 + (_zxp0*W/w!=Z0+width()?1:0),
+                _zyp0 = (Z0+height())*h/H, zyp0 = _zyp0 + (_zyp0*H/h!=Z0+height()?1:0),
+                _zxn0 = (Z0+width()+1)*w/W-1, zxn0 = _zxn0 + ((_zxn0+1)*W/w!=Z0+width()+1?1:0),
+                _zyn0 = (Z0+height()+1)*h/H-1, zyn0 = _zyn0 + ((_zyn0+1)*H/h!=Z0+height()+1?1:0),
+                xc0 = (xp0 + xn0)/2,
+                yc0 = (yp0 + yn0)/2,
+                zxc0 = (zxp0 + zxn0)/2,
+                zyc0 = (zyp0 + zyn0)/2;
+
+              switch (feature_type) {
+              case 1 : {
+                visu.draw_arrow(xc0,yc0,xc,yc,background_color,0.9f,30,5,0x55555555).
+                  draw_arrow(xc0,yc0,xc,yc,foreground_color,0.9f,30,5,0xAAAAAAAA);
+                if (d) {
+                  visu.draw_arrow(zxc0,yc0,zxc,yc,background_color,0.9f,30,5,0x55555555).
+                    draw_arrow(zxc0,yc0,zxc,yc,foreground_color,0.9f,30,5,0xAAAAAAAA).
+                    draw_arrow(xc0,zyc0,xc,zyc,background_color,0.9f,30,5,0x55555555).
+                    draw_arrow(xc0,zyc0,xc,zyc,foreground_color,0.9f,30,5,0xAAAAAAAA);
+                }
+              } break;
+              case 2 : {
+                visu.draw_rectangle(X0<X1?xp0:xp,Y0<Y1?yp0:yp,X0<X1?xn:xn0,Y0<Y1?yn:yn0,background_color,0.2f).
+                  draw_rectangle(X0<X1?xp0:xp,Y0<Y1?yp0:yp,X0<X1?xn:xn0,Y0<Y1?yn:yn0,foreground_color,0.9f,0xAAAAAAAA).
+                  draw_rectangle(X0<X1?xp0:xp,Y0<Y1?yp0:yp,X0<X1?xn:xn0,Y0<Y1?yn:yn0,background_color,0.9f,0x55555555);
+                if (d) {
+                  visu.draw_rectangle(Z0<Z1?zxp0:zxp,Y0<Y1?yp0:yp,Z0<Z1?zxn:zxn0,Y0<Y1?yn:yn0,background_color,0.2f).
+                    draw_rectangle(Z0<Z1?zxp0:zxp,Y0<Y1?yp0:yp,Z0<Z1?zxn:zxn0,Y0<Y1?yn:yn0,
+                                   foreground_color,0.9f,0xAAAAAAAA).
+                    draw_rectangle(Z0<Z1?zxp0:zxp,Y0<Y1?yp0:yp,Z0<Z1?zxn:zxn0,Y0<Y1?yn:yn0,
+                                   background_color,0.9f,0x55555555).
+                    draw_rectangle(X0<X1?xp0:xp,Z0<Z1?zyp0:zyp,X0<X1?xn:xn0,Z0<Z1?zyn:zyn0,
+                                   background_color,0.2f).
+                    draw_rectangle(X0<X1?xp0:xp,Z0<Z1?zyp0:zyp,X0<X1?xn:xn0,Z0<Z1?zyn:zyn0,
+                                   foreground_color,0.9f,0xAAAAAAAA).
+                    draw_rectangle(X0<X1?xp0:xp,Z0<Z1?zyp0:zyp,X0<X1?xn:xn0,Z0<Z1?zyn:zyn0,
+                                   background_color,0.9f,0x55555555);
+                }
+              } break;
+              case 3 : {
+                visu.draw_ellipse(xc0,yc0,(float)cimg::abs(xc-xc0),(float)cimg::abs(yc-yc0),0,background_color,0.2f).
+                  draw_ellipse(xc0,yc0,(float)cimg::abs(xc-xc0),(float)cimg::abs(yc-yc0),0,foreground_color,0.9f,~0U).
+                  draw_point(xc0,yc0,foreground_color,0.9f);
+                if (d) {
+                  visu.draw_ellipse(zxc0,yc0,(float)cimg::abs(zxc-zxc0),(float)cimg::abs(yc-yc0),0,
+                                    background_color,0.2f).
+                    draw_ellipse(zxc0,yc0,(float)cimg::abs(zxc-zxc0),(float)cimg::abs(yc-yc0),0,
+                                 foreground_color,0.9f,~0U).
+                    draw_point(zxc0,yc0,foreground_color,0.9f).
+                    draw_ellipse(xc0,zyc0,(float)cimg::abs(xc-xc0),(float)cimg::abs(zyc-zyc0),0,
+                                 background_color,0.2f).
+                    draw_ellipse(xc0,zyc0,(float)cimg::abs(xc-xc0),(float)cimg::abs(zyc-zyc0),0,
+                                 foreground_color,0.9f,~0U).
+                    draw_point(xc0,zyc0,foreground_color,0.9f);
+                }
+              } break;
+              }
+            }
+
+            // Draw text info.
+            if (my>=0 && my<13) text_down = true; else if (my>=visu.height()-13) text_down = false;
+            if (!feature_type || !phase) {
+              if (X>=0 && Y>=0 && Z>=0 && X<width() && Y<height() && Z<depth()) {
+                if (_depth>1 || force_display_z_coord)
+                  cimg_snprintf(text,sizeof(text)," Point (%d,%d,%d) = [ ",origX+(int)X,origY+(int)Y,origZ+(int)Z);
+                else cimg_snprintf(text,sizeof(text)," Point (%d,%d) = [ ",origX+(int)X,origY+(int)Y);
+                char *ctext = text + std::strlen(text), *const ltext = text + 512;
+                for (unsigned int c = 0; c<_spectrum && ctext<ltext; ++c) {
+                  cimg_snprintf(ctext,sizeof(text)/2,cimg::type<T>::format(),
+                                cimg::type<T>::format((*this)((int)X,(int)Y,(int)Z,c)));
+                  ctext = text + std::strlen(text);
+                  *(ctext++) = ' '; *ctext = 0;
+                }
+                std::strcpy(text + std::strlen(text),"] ");
+              }
+            } else switch (feature_type) {
+              case 1 : {
+                const double dX = (double)(X0 - X1), dY = (double)(Y0 - Y1), dZ = (double)(Z0 - Z1),
+                  norm = std::sqrt(dX*dX+dY*dY+dZ*dZ);
+                if (_depth>1 || force_display_z_coord)
+                  cimg_snprintf(text,sizeof(text)," Vect (%d,%d,%d)-(%d,%d,%d), Norm = %g ",
+                                origX+X0,origY+Y0,origZ+Z0,origX+X1,origY+Y1,origZ+Z1,norm);
+                else cimg_snprintf(text,sizeof(text)," Vect (%d,%d)-(%d,%d), Norm = %g ",
+                                   origX+X0,origY+Y0,origX+X1,origY+Y1,norm);
+              } break;
+              case 2 :
+                if (_depth>1 || force_display_z_coord)
+                  cimg_snprintf(text,sizeof(text)," Box (%d,%d,%d)-(%d,%d,%d), Size = (%d,%d,%d) ",
+                                origX+(X0<X1?X0:X1),origY+(Y0<Y1?Y0:Y1),origZ+(Z0<Z1?Z0:Z1),
+                                origX+(X0<X1?X1:X0),origY+(Y0<Y1?Y1:Y0),origZ+(Z0<Z1?Z1:Z0),
+                                1+cimg::abs(X0-X1),1+cimg::abs(Y0-Y1),1+cimg::abs(Z0-Z1));
+                else cimg_snprintf(text,sizeof(text)," Box (%d,%d)-(%d,%d), Size = (%d,%d) ",
+                                   origX+(X0<X1?X0:X1),origY+(Y0<Y1?Y0:Y1),origX+(X0<X1?X1:X0),origY+(Y0<Y1?Y1:Y0),
+                                   1+cimg::abs(X0-X1),1+cimg::abs(Y0-Y1));
+                break;
+              default :
+                if (_depth>1 || force_display_z_coord)
+                  cimg_snprintf(text,sizeof(text)," Ellipse (%d,%d,%d)-(%d,%d,%d), Radii = (%d,%d,%d) ",
+                                origX+X0,origY+Y0,origZ+Z0,origX+X1,origY+Y1,origZ+Z1,
+                                1+cimg::abs(X0-X1),1+cimg::abs(Y0-Y1),1+cimg::abs(Z0-Z1));
+                else cimg_snprintf(text,sizeof(text)," Ellipse (%d,%d)-(%d,%d), Radii = (%d,%d) ",
+                                   origX+X0,origY+Y0,origX+X1,origY+Y1,1+cimg::abs(X0-X1),1+cimg::abs(Y0-Y1));
+              }
+            if (phase || (mx>=0 && my>=0))
+              visu.draw_text(0,text_down?visu.height()-13:0,text,foreground_color,background_color,0.7f,13);
+          }
+
+          disp.display(visu).wait();
+        } else if (!shape_selected) disp.wait();
+        if (disp.is_resized()) { disp.resize(false)._is_resized = false; old_is_resized = true; visu0.assign(); }
+        omx = mx; omy = my;
+      }
+
+      // Return result.
+      CImg<intT> res(1,feature_type==0?3:6,1,1,-1);
+      if (XYZ) { XYZ[0] = (unsigned int)X0; XYZ[1] = (unsigned int)Y0; XYZ[2] = (unsigned int)Z0; }
+      if (shape_selected) {
+        if (feature_type==2) {
+          if (X0>X1) cimg::swap(X0,X1);
+          if (Y0>Y1) cimg::swap(Y0,Y1);
+          if (Z0>Z1) cimg::swap(Z0,Z1);
+        }
+	if (X1<0 || Y1<0 || Z1<0) X0 = Y0 = Z0 = X1 = Y1 = Z1 = -1;
+	switch (feature_type) {
+	case 1 : case 2 : res[0] = X0; res[1] = Y0; res[2] = Z0; res[3] = X1; res[4] = Y1; res[5] = Z1; break;
+        case 3 :
+          res[3] = cimg::abs(X1-X0); res[4] = cimg::abs(Y1-Y0); res[5] = cimg::abs(Z1-Z0); // keep no break here!
+	default : res[0] = X0; res[1] = Y0; res[2] = Z0;
+	}
+      }
+      disp.set_button();
+      if (!visible_cursor) disp.show_mouse();
+      disp._normalization = old_normalization;
+      disp._is_resized = old_is_resized;
+      if (key!=~0U) disp.set_key(key);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    // Return a visualizable uchar8 image for display routines.
+    CImg<ucharT> __get_select(const CImgDisplay& disp, const int normalization,
+                              const int x, const int y, const int z) const {
+      if (is_empty()) return CImg<ucharT>(1,1,1,1,0);
+      const CImg<T> crop = get_shared_channels(0,cimg::min(2,spectrum()-1));
+      CImg<Tuchar> img2d;
+      if (_depth>1) crop.get_projections2d(x,y,z).move_to(img2d);
+      else CImg<Tuchar>(crop,false).move_to(img2d);
+
+      if (cimg::type<T>::is_float()) { // Check for inf and nan values.
+        bool is_inf = false, is_nan = false;
+        cimg_for(img2d,ptr,Tuchar)
+          if (cimg::type<T>::is_inf(*ptr)) { is_inf = true; break; }
+          else if (cimg::type<T>::is_nan(*ptr)) { is_nan = true; break; }
+        if (is_inf || is_nan) {
+          T m0 = cimg::type<T>::max(), M0 = cimg::type<T>::min();
+          if (!normalization) { m0 = 0; M0 = 255; }
+          else if (normalization==2) { m0 = (T)disp._min; M0 = (T)disp._max; }
+          else
+            cimg_for(img2d,ptr,Tuchar)
+              if (!cimg::type<T>::is_inf(*ptr) && !cimg::type<T>::is_nan(*ptr)) {
+                if (*ptr<m0) m0 = *ptr; if (*ptr>M0) M0 = *ptr;
+              }
+          const T
+            val_minf = (normalization==1 || normalization==3)?m0-(M0-m0)*20-1:m0,
+            val_pinf = (normalization==1 || normalization==3)?M0+(M0-m0)*20+1:M0;
+          if (is_nan)
+            cimg_for(img2d,ptr,Tuchar)
+              if (cimg::type<T>::is_nan(*ptr)) *ptr = val_minf; // Replace nan values.
+          if (is_inf)
+            cimg_for(img2d,ptr,Tuchar)
+              if (cimg::type<T>::is_inf(*ptr)) *ptr = (float)*ptr<0?val_minf:val_pinf; // Replace +-inf values.
+        }
+      }
+
+      switch (normalization) {
+      case 1 : img2d.normalize(0,255); break;
+      case 2 : {
+        const float m = disp._min, M = disp._max;
+        (img2d-=m)*=255.0f/(M-m>0?M-m:1);
+      } break;
+      case 3 :
+        if (cimg::type<T>::is_float()) img2d.normalize(0,255);
+        else {
+          const float m = (float)cimg::type<T>::min(), M = (float)cimg::type<T>::max();
+          (img2d-=m)*=255.0f/(M-m>0?M-m:1);
+        } break;
+      }
+
+      if (img2d.spectrum()==2) img2d.channels(0,2);
+      return img2d;
+    }
+
+    //! Select sub-graph in a graph.
+    CImg<intT> get_select_graph(CImgDisplay &disp,
+                                const unsigned int plot_type=1, const unsigned int vertex_type=1,
+                                const char *const labelx=0, const double xmin=0, const double xmax=0,
+                                const char *const labely=0, const double ymin=0, const double ymax=0) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "select_graph(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (!disp) disp.assign(cimg_fitscreen(CImgDisplay::screen_width()/2,CImgDisplay::screen_height()/2,1),0,0).
+                   set_title("CImg<%s>",pixel_type());
+      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth;
+      const unsigned int old_normalization = disp.normalization();
+      disp.show().set_button().set_wheel()._normalization = 0;
+
+      double nymin = ymin, nymax = ymax, nxmin = xmin, nxmax = xmax;
+      if (nymin==nymax) { nymin = (Tfloat)min_max(nymax); const double dy = nymax - nymin; nymin-=dy/20; nymax+=dy/20; }
+      if (nymin==nymax) { --nymin; ++nymax; }
+      if (nxmin==nxmax && nxmin==0) { nxmin = 0; nxmax = siz - 1.0; }
+
+      const unsigned char black[] = { 0, 0, 0 }, white[] = { 255, 255, 255 }, gray[] = { 220, 220, 220 };
+      const unsigned char gray2[] = { 110, 110, 110 }, ngray[] = { 35, 35, 35 };
+      static unsigned int odimv = 0;
+      static CImg<ucharT> colormap;
+      if (odimv!=_spectrum) {
+        odimv = _spectrum;
+        colormap = CImg<ucharT>(3,_spectrum,1,1,120).noise(70,1);
+        if (_spectrum==1) { colormap[0] = colormap[1] = 120; colormap[2] = 200; }
+        else {
+          colormap(0,0) = 220; colormap(1,0) = 10; colormap(2,0) = 10;
+          if (_spectrum>1) { colormap(0,1) = 10; colormap(1,1) = 220; colormap(2,1) = 10; }
+          if (_spectrum>2) { colormap(0,2) = 10; colormap(1,2) = 10; colormap(2,2) = 220; }
+        }
+      }
+
+      CImg<ucharT> visu0, visu, graph, text, axes;
+      int x0 = -1, x1 = -1, y0 = -1, y1 = -1, omouse_x = -2, omouse_y = -2;
+      const unsigned int one = plot_type==3?0:1;
+      unsigned int okey = 0, obutton = 0;
+      char message[1024] = { 0 };
+      CImg_3x3(I,unsigned char);
+
+      for (bool selected = false; !selected && !disp.is_closed() && !okey && !disp.wheel(); ) {
+        const int mouse_x = disp.mouse_x(), mouse_y = disp.mouse_y();
+        const unsigned int key = disp.key(), button = disp.button();
+
+        // Generate graph representation.
+        if (!visu0) {
+          visu0.assign(disp.width(),disp.height(),1,3,220);
+          const int gdimx = disp.width() - 32, gdimy = disp.height() - 32;
+          if (gdimx>0 && gdimy>0) {
+            graph.assign(gdimx,gdimy,1,3,255);
+            if (siz<32) {
+              if (siz>1) graph.draw_grid(gdimx/(float)(siz - one),gdimy/(float)(siz - one),0,0,
+                                         false,true,black,0.2f,0x33333333,0x33333333);
+            } else graph.draw_grid(-10,-10,0,0,false,true,black,0.2f,0x33333333,0x33333333);
+            cimg_forC(*this,c)
+              graph.draw_graph(get_shared_channel(c),&colormap(0,c),(plot_type!=3 || _spectrum==1)?1:0.6f,
+                               plot_type,vertex_type,nymax,nymin);
+
+            axes.assign(gdimx,gdimy,1,1,0);
+            const float
+              dx = (float)cimg::abs(nxmax-nxmin), dy = (float)cimg::abs(nymax-nymin),
+              px = (float)std::pow(10.0,(int)std::log10(dx?dx:1)-2.0),
+              py = (float)std::pow(10.0,(int)std::log10(dy?dy:1)-2.0);
+            const CImg<Tdouble>
+              seqx = dx<=0?CImg<Tdouble>::vector(nxmin):
+                CImg<Tdouble>::sequence(1 + gdimx/60,nxmin,one?nxmax:nxmin+(nxmax-nxmin)*(siz+1)/siz).round(px),
+              seqy = CImg<Tdouble>::sequence(1 + gdimy/60,nymax,nymin).round(py);
+
+            const bool allow_zero = (nxmin*nxmax>0) || (nymin*nymax>0);
+            axes.draw_axes(seqx,seqy,white,1,~0U,~0U,13,allow_zero);
+            if (nymin>0) axes.draw_axis(seqx,gdimy-1,gray,1,~0U,13,allow_zero);
+            if (nymax<0) axes.draw_axis(seqx,0,gray,1,~0U,13,allow_zero);
+	    if (nxmin>0) axes.draw_axis(0,seqy,gray,1,~0U,13,allow_zero);
+	    if (nxmax<0) axes.draw_axis(gdimx-1,seqy,gray,1,~0U,13,allow_zero);
+
+            cimg_for3x3(axes,x,y,0,0,I,unsigned char)
+              if (Icc) {
+                if (Icc==255) cimg_forC(graph,c) graph(x,y,c) = 0;
+                else cimg_forC(graph,c) graph(x,y,c) = (unsigned char)(2*graph(x,y,c)/3);
+              }
+              else if (Ipc || Inc || Icp || Icn || Ipp || Inn || Ipn || Inp)
+                cimg_forC(graph,c) graph(x,y,c) = (graph(x,y,c)+511)/3;
+
+            visu0.draw_image(16,16,graph);
+	    visu0.draw_line(15,15,16+gdimx,15,gray2).draw_line(16+gdimx,15,16+gdimx,16+gdimy,gray2).
+	      draw_line(16+gdimx,16+gdimy,15,16+gdimy,white).draw_line(15,16+gdimy,15,15,white);
+          } else graph.assign();
+          text.assign().draw_text(0,0,labelx?labelx:"X-axis",white,ngray,1,13).resize(-100,-100,1,3);
+          visu0.draw_image((visu0.width()-text.width())/2,visu0.height()-14,~text);
+          text.assign().draw_text(0,0,labely?labely:"Y-axis",white,ngray,1,13).rotate(-90).resize(-100,-100,1,3);
+          visu0.draw_image(1,(visu0.height()-text.height())/2,~text);
+          visu.assign();
+        }
+
+        // Generate and display current view.
+        if (!visu) {
+          visu.assign(visu0);
+          if (graph && x0>=0 && x1>=0) {
+            const int
+              nx0 = x0<=x1?x0:x1,
+              nx1 = x0<=x1?x1:x0,
+              ny0 = y0<=y1?y0:y1,
+              ny1 = y0<=y1?y1:y0,
+              sx0 = 16 + nx0*(visu.width()-32)/cimg::max(1U,siz-one),
+              sx1 = 15 + (nx1+1)*(visu.width()-32)/cimg::max(1U,siz-one),
+              sy0 = 16 + ny0,
+              sy1 = 16 + ny1;
+            if (y0>=0 && y1>=0)
+              visu.draw_rectangle(sx0,sy0,sx1,sy1,gray,0.5f).draw_rectangle(sx0,sy0,sx1,sy1,black,0.5f,0xCCCCCCCCU);
+            else visu.draw_rectangle(sx0,0,sx1,visu.height()-17,gray,0.5f).
+                   draw_line(sx0,16,sx0,visu.height()-17,black,0.5f,0xCCCCCCCCU).
+                   draw_line(sx1,16,sx1,visu.height()-17,black,0.5f,0xCCCCCCCCU);
+          }
+          if (mouse_x>=16 && mouse_y>=16 && mouse_x<visu.width()-16 && mouse_y<visu.height()-16) {
+            if (graph) visu.draw_line(mouse_x,16,mouse_x,visu.height()-17,black,0.5f,0x55555555U);
+            const unsigned int x = (unsigned int)cimg::round((mouse_x-16.0f)*(siz-one)/(disp.width()-32),1,one?0:-1);
+            const double cx = nxmin + x*(nxmax-nxmin)/cimg::max(1U,siz-1);
+            if (_spectrum>=7)
+              cimg_snprintf(message,sizeof(message),"Value[%u:%g] = ( %g %g %g ... %g %g %g )",x,cx,
+                            (double)(*this)(x,0,0,0),(double)(*this)(x,0,0,1),(double)(*this)(x,0,0,2),
+                            (double)(*this)(x,0,0,_spectrum-4),(double)(*this)(x,0,0,_spectrum-3),
+                            (double)(*this)(x,0,0,_spectrum-1));
+            else {
+              cimg_snprintf(message,sizeof(message),"Value[%u:%g] = ( ",x,cx);
+              cimg_forC(*this,c) std::sprintf(message + std::strlen(message),"%g ",(double)(*this)(x,0,0,c));
+              std::sprintf(message + std::strlen(message),")");
+            }
+	    if (x0>=0 && x1>=0) {
+	      const unsigned int
+                nx0 = x0<=x1?x0:x1,
+                nx1 = x0<=x1?x1:x0,
+                ny0 = y0<=y1?y0:y1,
+                ny1 = y0<=y1?y1:y0;
+	      const double
+                cx0 = nxmin + nx0*(nxmax-nxmin)/cimg::max(1U,siz-1),
+                cx1 = nxmin + (nx1+one)*(nxmax-nxmin)/cimg::max(1U,siz-1),
+                cy0 = nymax - ny0*(nymax-nymin)/(visu._height-32),
+                cy1 = nymax - ny1*(nymax-nymin)/(visu._height-32);
+	      if (y0>=0 && y1>=0)
+	        std::sprintf(message + std::strlen(message)," - Range ( %u:%g, %g ) - ( %u:%g, %g )",
+                             x0,cx0,cy0,x1+one,cx1,cy1);
+	      else
+	        std::sprintf(message + std::strlen(message)," - Range [ %u:%g - %u:%g ]",
+                             x0,cx0,x1+one,cx1);
+	    }
+            text.assign().draw_text(0,0,message,white,ngray,1,13).resize(-100,-100,1,3);
+            visu.draw_image((visu.width()-text.width())/2,1,~text);
+          }
+          visu.display(disp);
+        }
+
+        // Test keys.
+        switch (okey = key) {
+#if cimg_OS!=2
+        case cimg::keyCTRLRIGHT : case cimg::keySHIFTRIGHT :
+#endif
+        case cimg::keyCTRLLEFT : case cimg::keySHIFTLEFT : okey = 0; break;
+        case cimg::keyD : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+          disp.set_fullscreen(false).
+            resize(CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(3*disp.width()/2,3*disp.height()/2,1,128,-100,false),
+                   CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(3*disp.width()/2,3*disp.height()/2,1,128,-100,true),false).
+            _is_resized = true;
+          disp.set_key(key,false); okey = 0;
+        } break;
+        case cimg::keyC : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+          disp.set_fullscreen(false).
+            resize(cimg_fitscreen(2*disp.width()/3,2*disp.height()/3,1),false)._is_resized = true;
+          disp.set_key(key,false); okey = 0;
+        } break;
+        case cimg::keyR : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            disp.set_fullscreen(false).
+              resize(cimg_fitscreen(CImgDisplay::screen_width()/2,
+                                    CImgDisplay::screen_height()/2,1),false)._is_resized = true;
+            disp.set_key(key,false); okey = 0;
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyF : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            disp.resize(disp.screen_width(),disp.screen_height(),false).toggle_fullscreen()._is_resized = true;
+            disp.set_key(key,false); okey = 0;
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyS : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            static unsigned int snap_number = 0;
+            if (visu || visu0) {
+              CImg<ucharT> &screen = visu?visu:visu0;
+              char filename[32] = { 0 };
+              std::FILE *file;
+              do {
+                cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.bmp",snap_number++);
+                if ((file=std::fopen(filename,"r"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+              } while (file);
+              (+screen).draw_text(0,0," Saving snapshot... ",black,gray,1,13).display(disp);
+              screen.save(filename);
+              (+screen).draw_text(0,0," Snapshot '%s' saved. ",black,gray,1,13,filename).display(disp);
+            }
+            disp.set_key(key,false); okey = 0;
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyO : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            static unsigned int snap_number = 0;
+            if (visu || visu0) {
+              CImg<ucharT> &screen = visu?visu:visu0;
+              char filename[32] = { 0 };
+              std::FILE *file;
+              do {
+#ifdef cimg_use_zlib
+                cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.cimgz",snap_number++);
+#else
+                cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.cimg",snap_number++);
+#endif
+                if ((file=std::fopen(filename,"r"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+              } while (file);
+              (+screen).draw_text(0,0," Saving instance... ",black,gray,1,13).display(disp);
+              save(filename);
+              (+screen).draw_text(0,0," Instance '%s' saved. ",black,gray,1,13,filename).display(disp);
+            }
+            disp.set_key(key,false); okey = 0;
+          } break;
+        }
+
+        // Handle mouse motion and mouse buttons
+        if (obutton!=button || omouse_x!=mouse_x || omouse_y!=mouse_y) {
+          visu.assign();
+          if (disp.mouse_x()>=0 && disp.mouse_y()>=0) {
+            const int
+              mx = (mouse_x -16)*(int)(siz-one)/(disp.width()-32),
+              cx = mx<0?0:(mx>=(int)(siz-one)?(int)(siz-1-one):mx),
+              my = mouse_y - 16,
+              cy = my<=0?0:(my>=(disp.height()-32)?(disp.height()-32):my);
+	    if (button&1) {
+              if (!obutton) { x0 = cx; y0 = -1; } else { x1 = cx; y1 = -1; }
+            }
+	    else if (button&2) {
+              if (!obutton) { x0 = cx; y0 = cy; } else { x1 = cx; y1 = cy; }
+            }
+            else if (obutton) { x1 = x1>=0?cx:-1; y1 = y1>=0?cy:-1; selected = true; }
+          } else if (!button && obutton) selected = true;
+          obutton = button; omouse_x = mouse_x; omouse_y = mouse_y;
+        }
+        if (disp.is_resized()) { disp.resize(false); visu0.assign(); }
+        if (visu && visu0) disp.wait();
+      }
+
+      disp._normalization = old_normalization;
+      if (x1>=0 && x1<x0) cimg::swap(x0,x1);
+      if (y1<y0) cimg::swap(y0,y1);
+      disp.set_key(okey);
+      return CImg<intT>(4,1,1,1,x0,y0,x1>=0?x1+(int)one:-1,y1);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \note The extension of \c filename defines the file format. If no filename
+       extension is provided, CImg<T>::get_load() will try to load the file as a .cimg or .cimgz file.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load(const char *const filename) {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(filename,"http://",7) || !cimg::strncasecmp(filename,"https://",8)) {
+        char filename_local[1024] = { 0 };
+        load(cimg::load_network_external(filename,filename_local));
+        std::remove(filename_local);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      const char *const ext = cimg::split_filename(filename);
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      try {
+#ifdef cimg_load_plugin
+        cimg_load_plugin(filename);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_load_plugin1
+        cimg_load_plugin1(filename);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_load_plugin2
+        cimg_load_plugin2(filename);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_load_plugin3
+        cimg_load_plugin3(filename);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_load_plugin4
+        cimg_load_plugin4(filename);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_load_plugin5
+        cimg_load_plugin5(filename);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_load_plugin6
+        cimg_load_plugin6(filename);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_load_plugin7
+        cimg_load_plugin7(filename);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_load_plugin8
+        cimg_load_plugin8(filename);
+#endif
+        // Ascii formats
+        if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"asc")) load_ascii(filename);
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"dlm") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"txt")) load_dlm(filename);
+
+        // 2d binary formats
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"bmp")) load_bmp(filename);
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"jpg") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"jpeg") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"jpe") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"jfif") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"jif")) load_jpeg(filename);
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"png")) load_png(filename);
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ppm") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pgm") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pnm") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pbm") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pnk")) load_pnm(filename);
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pfm")) load_pfm(filename);
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"tif") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"tiff")) load_tiff(filename);
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"exr")) load_exr(filename);
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"cr2") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"crw") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"dcr") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mrw") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"nef") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"orf") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pix") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ptx") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"raf") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"srf")) load_dcraw_external(filename);
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"gif")) load_gif_external(filename);
+
+        // 3d binary formats
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"dcm") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"dicom")) load_medcon_external(filename);
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"hdr") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"nii")) load_analyze(filename);
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"par") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"rec")) load_parrec(filename);
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mnc")) load_minc2(filename);
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"inr")) load_inr(filename);
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pan")) load_pandore(filename);
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"cimg") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"cimgz") ||
+                 !*ext)  return load_cimg(filename);
+
+        // Archive files
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"gz")) load_gzip_external(filename);
+
+        // Image sequences
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"avi") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mov") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"asf") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"divx") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"flv") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpg") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m1v") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m2v") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m4v") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mjp") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mp4") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mkv") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpe") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"movie") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogm") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogg") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogv") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"qt") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"rm") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"vob") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"wmv") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"xvid") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpeg")) load_ffmpeg(filename);
+        else throw CImgIOException("CImg<%s>::load()",
+                                   pixel_type());
+      } catch (CImgIOException&) {
+        std::FILE *file = 0;
+        try {
+          file = cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
+        } catch (CImgIOException&) {
+          cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+          throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                                "load(): Failed to open file '%s'.",
+                                cimg_instance,
+                                filename);
+        }
+
+        try {
+          const char *const f_type = cimg::file_type(file,filename);
+          std::fclose(file);
+          if (!cimg::strcasecmp(f_type,"pnm")) load_pnm(filename);
+          else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(f_type,"pfm")) load_pfm(filename);
+          else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(f_type,"bmp")) load_bmp(filename);
+          else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(f_type,"jpg")) load_jpeg(filename);
+          else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(f_type,"pan")) load_pandore(filename);
+          else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(f_type,"png")) load_png(filename);
+          else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(f_type,"tif")) load_tiff(filename);
+          else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(f_type,"inr")) load_inr(filename);
+          else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(f_type,"dcm")) load_medcon_external(filename);
+          else throw CImgIOException("CImg<%s>::load()",
+                                     pixel_type());
+        } catch (CImgIOException&) {
+          try {
+            load_other(filename);
+          } catch (CImgIOException&) {
+            cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+            throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                                  "load(): Failed to recognize format of file '%s'.",
+                                  cimg_instance,
+                                  filename);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImg<T>().load(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from an ascii file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C -string.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_ascii(const char *const filename) {
+      return _load_ascii(0,filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from an ascii file \inplace.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_ascii(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_ascii(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from an ascii file \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& load_ascii(std::FILE *const file) {
+      return _load_ascii(file,0);
+    }
+
+    //! Loadimage from an ascii file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_ascii(std::FILE *const file) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_ascii(file);
+    }
+
+    CImg<T>& _load_ascii(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_ascii(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
+      char line[256] = { 0 };
+      int err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%255[^\n]",line);
+      unsigned int dx = 0, dy = 1, dz = 1, dc = 1;
+      std::sscanf(line,"%u%*c%u%*c%u%*c%u",&dx,&dy,&dz,&dc);
+      err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%*[^0-9.eE+-]");
+      if (!dx || !dy || !dz || !dc) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_ascii(): Invalid ascii header in file '%s', image dimensions are set "
+                              "to (%u,%u,%u,%u).",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)",dx,dy,dz,dc);
+      }
+      assign(dx,dy,dz,dc);
+      const unsigned long siz = size();
+      unsigned long off = 0;
+      double val;
+      T *ptr = _data;
+      for (err = 1, off = 0; off<siz && err==1; ++off) {
+        err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%lf%*[^0-9.eE+-]",&val);
+        *(ptr++) = (T)val;
+      }
+      if (err!=1)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "load_ascii(): Only %lu/%lu values read from file '%s'.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   off-1,siz,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a DLM file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_dlm(const char *const filename) {
+      return _load_dlm(0,filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a DLM file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_dlm(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_dlm(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a DLM file \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& load_dlm(std::FILE *const file) {
+      return _load_dlm(file,0);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a DLM file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_dlm(std::FILE *const file) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_dlm(file);
+    }
+
+    CImg<T>& _load_dlm(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_dlm(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"r");
+      char delimiter[256] = { 0 }, tmp[256] = { 0 };
+      unsigned int cdx = 0, dx = 0, dy = 0;
+      int err = 0;
+      double val;
+      assign(256,256);
+      while ((err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%lf%255[^0-9.+-]",&val,delimiter))>0) {
+        if (err>0) (*this)(cdx++,dy) = (T)val;
+        if (cdx>=_width) resize(3*_width/2,_height,1,1,0);
+        char c = 0;
+        if (!std::sscanf(delimiter,"%255[^\n]%c",tmp,&c) || c=='\n') {
+          dx = cimg::max(cdx,dx);
+          if (++dy>=_height) resize(_width,3*_height/2,1,1,0);
+          cdx = 0;
+        }
+      }
+      if (cdx && err==1) { dx = cdx; ++dy; }
+      if (!dx || !dy) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_dlm(): Invalid DLM file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      resize(dx,dy,1,1,0);
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a BMP file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_bmp(const char *const filename) {
+      return _load_bmp(0,filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a BMP file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_bmp(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_bmp(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a BMP file \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& load_bmp(std::FILE *const file) {
+      return _load_bmp(file,0);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a BMP file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_bmp(std::FILE *const file) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_bmp(file);
+    }
+
+    CImg<T>& _load_bmp(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_bmp(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
+      unsigned char header[64] = { 0 };
+      cimg::fread(header,54,nfile);
+      if (*header!='B' || header[1]!='M') {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_bmp(): Invalid BMP file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+
+      // Read header and pixel buffer
+      int
+        file_size = header[0x02] + (header[0x03]<<8) + (header[0x04]<<16) + (header[0x05]<<24),
+        offset = header[0x0A] + (header[0x0B]<<8) + (header[0x0C]<<16) + (header[0x0D]<<24),
+        header_size = header[0x0E] + (header[0x0F]<<8) + (header[0x10]<<16) + (header[0x11]<<24),
+        dx = header[0x12] + (header[0x13]<<8) + (header[0x14]<<16) + (header[0x15]<<24),
+        dy = header[0x16] + (header[0x17]<<8) + (header[0x18]<<16) + (header[0x19]<<24),
+        compression = header[0x1E] + (header[0x1F]<<8) + (header[0x20]<<16) + (header[0x21]<<24),
+        nb_colors = header[0x2E] + (header[0x2F]<<8) + (header[0x30]<<16) + (header[0x31]<<24),
+        bpp = header[0x1C] + (header[0x1D]<<8);
+
+      if (!file_size || file_size==offset) {
+        std::fseek(nfile,0,SEEK_END);
+        file_size = (int)std::ftell(nfile);
+        std::fseek(nfile,54,SEEK_SET);
+      }
+      if (header_size>40) std::fseek(nfile, header_size - 40, SEEK_CUR);
+
+      const int
+        cimg_iobuffer = 12*1024*1024,
+        dx_bytes = (bpp==1)?(dx/8+(dx%8?1:0)):((bpp==4)?(dx/2+(dx%2?1:0)):(dx*bpp/8)),
+        align_bytes = (4-dx_bytes%4)%4,
+        buf_size = cimg::min(cimg::abs(dy)*(dx_bytes + align_bytes),file_size - offset);
+
+      CImg<intT> colormap;
+      if (bpp<16) { if (!nb_colors) nb_colors = 1<<bpp; } else nb_colors = 0;
+      if (nb_colors) { colormap.assign(nb_colors); cimg::fread(colormap._data,nb_colors,nfile); }
+      const int xoffset = offset - 14 - header_size - 4*nb_colors;
+      if (xoffset>0) std::fseek(nfile,xoffset,SEEK_CUR);
+
+      CImg<ucharT> buffer;
+      if (buf_size<cimg_iobuffer) { buffer.assign(buf_size); cimg::fread(buffer._data,buf_size,nfile); }
+      else buffer.assign(dx_bytes + align_bytes);
+      unsigned char *ptrs = buffer;
+
+      // Decompress buffer (if necessary)
+      if (compression) {
+        if (file)
+          throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                                "load_bmp(): Unable to load compressed data from '(*FILE)' inputs.",
+                                cimg_instance);
+        else {
+          if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+          return load_other(filename);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Read pixel data
+      assign(dx,cimg::abs(dy),1,3);
+      switch (bpp) {
+      case 1 : { // Monochrome
+        for (int y = height()-1; y>=0; --y) {
+          if (buf_size>=cimg_iobuffer) {
+            cimg::fread(ptrs=buffer._data,dx_bytes,nfile);
+            std::fseek(nfile,align_bytes,SEEK_CUR);
+          }
+          unsigned char mask = 0x80, val = 0;
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            if (mask==0x80) val = *(ptrs++);
+            const unsigned char *col = (unsigned char*)(colormap._data + (val&mask?1:0));
+            (*this)(x,y,2) = (T)*(col++);
+            (*this)(x,y,1) = (T)*(col++);
+            (*this)(x,y,0) = (T)*(col++);
+            mask = cimg::ror(mask);
+          }
+          ptrs+=align_bytes;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 4 : { // 16 colors
+        for (int y = height()-1; y>=0; --y) {
+          if (buf_size>=cimg_iobuffer) {
+            cimg::fread(ptrs=buffer._data,dx_bytes,nfile);
+            std::fseek(nfile,align_bytes,SEEK_CUR);
+          }
+          unsigned char mask = 0xF0, val = 0;
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            if (mask==0xF0) val = *(ptrs++);
+            const unsigned char color = (unsigned char)((mask<16)?(val&mask):((val&mask)>>4));
+            const unsigned char *col = (unsigned char*)(colormap._data + color);
+            (*this)(x,y,2) = (T)*(col++);
+            (*this)(x,y,1) = (T)*(col++);
+            (*this)(x,y,0) = (T)*(col++);
+            mask = cimg::ror(mask,4);
+          }
+          ptrs+=align_bytes;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 8 : { //  256 colors
+        for (int y = height()-1; y>=0; --y) {
+          if (buf_size>=cimg_iobuffer) {
+            cimg::fread(ptrs=buffer._data,dx_bytes,nfile);
+            std::fseek(nfile,align_bytes,SEEK_CUR);
+          }
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            const unsigned char *col = (unsigned char*)(colormap._data + *(ptrs++));
+            (*this)(x,y,2) = (T)*(col++);
+            (*this)(x,y,1) = (T)*(col++);
+            (*this)(x,y,0) = (T)*(col++);
+          }
+          ptrs+=align_bytes;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 16 : { // 16 bits colors
+        for (int y = height()-1; y>=0; --y) {
+          if (buf_size>=cimg_iobuffer) {
+            cimg::fread(ptrs=buffer._data,dx_bytes,nfile);
+            std::fseek(nfile,align_bytes,SEEK_CUR);
+          }
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            const unsigned char c1 = *(ptrs++), c2 = *(ptrs++);
+            const unsigned short col = (unsigned short)(c1|(c2<<8));
+            (*this)(x,y,2) = (T)(col&0x1F);
+            (*this)(x,y,1) = (T)((col>>5)&0x1F);
+            (*this)(x,y,0) = (T)((col>>10)&0x1F);
+          }
+          ptrs+=align_bytes;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 24 : { // 24 bits colors
+        for (int y = height()-1; y>=0; --y) {
+          if (buf_size>=cimg_iobuffer) {
+            cimg::fread(ptrs=buffer._data,dx_bytes,nfile);
+            std::fseek(nfile,align_bytes,SEEK_CUR);
+          }
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            (*this)(x,y,2) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+            (*this)(x,y,1) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+            (*this)(x,y,0) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+          }
+          ptrs+=align_bytes;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 32 : { // 32 bits colors
+        for (int y = height()-1; y>=0; --y) {
+          if (buf_size>=cimg_iobuffer) {
+            cimg::fread(ptrs=buffer._data,dx_bytes,nfile);
+            std::fseek(nfile,align_bytes,SEEK_CUR);
+          }
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            (*this)(x,y,2) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+            (*this)(x,y,1) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+            (*this)(x,y,0) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+            ++ptrs;
+          }
+          ptrs+=align_bytes;
+        }
+      } break;
+      }
+      if (dy<0) mirror('y');
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a JPEG file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_jpeg(const char *const filename) {
+      return _load_jpeg(0,filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a JPEG file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_jpeg(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_jpeg(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a JPEG file \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& load_jpeg(std::FILE *const file) {
+      return _load_jpeg(file,0);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a JPEG file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_jpeg(std::FILE *const file) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_jpeg(file);
+    }
+
+    // Custom error handler for libjpeg.
+#ifdef cimg_use_jpeg
+    struct _cimg_error_mgr {
+      struct jpeg_error_mgr original;
+      jmp_buf setjmp_buffer;
+      char message[JMSG_LENGTH_MAX];
+    };
+
+    typedef struct _cimg_error_mgr *_cimg_error_ptr;
+
+    METHODDEF(void) _cimg_jpeg_error_exit(j_common_ptr cinfo) {
+      _cimg_error_ptr c_err = (_cimg_error_ptr) cinfo->err;  // Return control to the setjmp point
+      (*cinfo->err->format_message)(cinfo,c_err->message);
+      jpeg_destroy(cinfo);  // Clean memory and temp files.
+      longjmp(c_err->setjmp_buffer,1);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    CImg<T>& _load_jpeg(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_jpeg(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+#ifndef cimg_use_jpeg
+      if (file)
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_jpeg(): Unable to load data from '(FILE*)' unless libjpeg is enabled.",
+                              cimg_instance);
+      else return load_other(filename);
+#else
+
+      struct jpeg_decompress_struct cinfo;
+      struct _cimg_error_mgr jerr;
+      cinfo.err = jpeg_std_error(&jerr.original);
+      jerr.original.error_exit = _cimg_jpeg_error_exit;
+
+      if (setjmp(jerr.setjmp_buffer)) { // JPEG error
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                             "load_jpeg(): Error message returned by libjpeg: %s.",
+                             cimg_instance,jerr.message);
+      }
+
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
+      jpeg_create_decompress(&cinfo);
+      jpeg_stdio_src(&cinfo,nfile);
+      jpeg_read_header(&cinfo,TRUE);
+      jpeg_start_decompress(&cinfo);
+
+      if (cinfo.output_components!=1 && cinfo.output_components!=3 && cinfo.output_components!=4) {
+        if (!file) {
+          cimg::fclose(nfile);
+          return load_other(filename);
+        } else
+          throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                                "load_jpeg(): Failed to load JPEG data from file '%s'.",
+                                cimg_instance,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      CImg<ucharT> buffer(cinfo.output_width*cinfo.output_components);
+      JSAMPROW row_pointer[1];
+      assign(cinfo.output_width,cinfo.output_height,1,cinfo.output_components);
+      T *ptr_r = _data, *ptr_g = _data + 1UL*_width*_height, *ptr_b = _data + 2UL*_width*_height,
+        *ptr_a = _data + 3UL*_width*_height;
+      while (cinfo.output_scanline<cinfo.output_height) {
+        *row_pointer = buffer._data;
+        if (jpeg_read_scanlines(&cinfo,row_pointer,1)!=1) {
+          cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                     "load_jpeg(): Incomplete data in file '%s'.",
+                     cimg_instance,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+          break;
+        }
+        const unsigned char *ptrs = buffer._data;
+        switch (_spectrum) {
+        case 1 : {
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+        } break;
+        case 3 : {
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+            *(ptr_g++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+            *(ptr_b++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 4 : {
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+            *(ptr_g++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+            *(ptr_b++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+            *(ptr_a++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+          }
+        } break;
+        }
+      }
+      jpeg_finish_decompress(&cinfo);
+      jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a file, using Magick++ library.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    // Added April/may 2006 by Christoph Hormann <chris_hormann@gmx.de>
+    //   This is experimental code, not much tested, use with care.
+    CImg<T>& load_magick(const char *const filename) {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_magick(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+#ifdef cimg_use_magick
+      Magick::Image image(filename);
+      const unsigned int W = image.size().width(), H = image.size().height();
+      switch (image.type()) {
+      case Magick::PaletteMatteType :
+      case Magick::TrueColorMatteType :
+      case Magick::ColorSeparationType : {
+        assign(W,H,1,4);
+        T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2), *ptr_a = data(0,0,0,3);
+        Magick::PixelPacket *pixels = image.getPixels(0,0,W,H);
+        for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)W*H; off; --off) {
+          *(ptr_r++) = (T)(pixels->red);
+          *(ptr_g++) = (T)(pixels->green);
+          *(ptr_b++) = (T)(pixels->blue);
+          *(ptr_a++) = (T)(pixels->opacity);
+          ++pixels;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case Magick::PaletteType :
+      case Magick::TrueColorType : {
+        assign(W,H,1,3);
+        T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2);
+        Magick::PixelPacket *pixels = image.getPixels(0,0,W,H);
+        for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)W*H; off; --off) {
+          *(ptr_r++) = (T)(pixels->red);
+          *(ptr_g++) = (T)(pixels->green);
+          *(ptr_b++) = (T)(pixels->blue);
+          ++pixels;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case Magick::GrayscaleMatteType : {
+        assign(W,H,1,2);
+        T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_a = data(0,0,0,1);
+        Magick::PixelPacket *pixels = image.getPixels(0,0,W,H);
+        for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)W*H; off; --off) {
+          *(ptr_r++) = (T)(pixels->red);
+          *(ptr_a++) = (T)(pixels->opacity);
+          ++pixels;
+        }
+      } break;
+      default : {
+        assign(W,H,1,1);
+        T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0);
+        Magick::PixelPacket *pixels = image.getPixels(0,0,W,H);
+        for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)W*H; off; --off) {
+          *(ptr_r++) = (T)(pixels->red);
+          ++pixels;
+        }
+      }
+      }
+      return *this;
+#else
+      throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                            "load_magick(): Unable to load file '%s' unless libMagick++ is enabled.",
+                            cimg_instance,
+                            filename);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a file, using Magick++ library \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_magick(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_magick(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a PNG file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_png(const char *const filename) {
+      return _load_png(0,filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a PNG file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_png(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_png(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a PNG file \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& load_png(std::FILE *const file) {
+      return _load_png(file,0);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a PNG file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_png(std::FILE *const file) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_png(file);
+    }
+
+    // (Note: Most of this function has been written by Eric Fausett)
+    CImg<T>& _load_png(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_png(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+#ifndef cimg_use_png
+      if (file)
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_png(): Unable to load data from '(FILE*)' unless libpng is enabled.",
+                              cimg_instance);
+
+      else return load_other(filename);
+#else
+      // Open file and check for PNG validity
+      const char *volatile nfilename = filename; // two 'volatile' here to remove a g++ warning due to 'setjmp'.
+      std::FILE *volatile nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(nfilename,"rb");
+
+      unsigned char pngCheck[8] = { 0 };
+      cimg::fread(pngCheck,8,(std::FILE*)nfile);
+      if (png_sig_cmp(pngCheck,0,8)) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_png(): Invalid PNG file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              nfilename?nfilename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+
+      // Setup PNG structures for read
+      png_voidp user_error_ptr = 0;
+      png_error_ptr user_error_fn = 0, user_warning_fn = 0;
+      png_structp png_ptr = png_create_read_struct(PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING,user_error_ptr,user_error_fn,user_warning_fn);
+      if (!png_ptr) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_png(): Failed to initialize 'png_ptr' structure for file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              nfilename?nfilename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      png_infop info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
+      if (!info_ptr) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr,(png_infopp)0,(png_infopp)0);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_png(): Failed to initialize 'info_ptr' structure for file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              nfilename?nfilename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      png_infop end_info = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
+      if (!end_info) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr,&info_ptr,(png_infopp)0);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_png(): Failed to initialize 'end_info' structure for file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              nfilename?nfilename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+
+      // Error handling callback for png file reading
+      if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr))) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose((std::FILE*)nfile);
+        png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &end_info, (png_infopp)0);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_png(): Encountered unknown fatal error in libpng for file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              nfilename?nfilename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      png_init_io(png_ptr, nfile);
+      png_set_sig_bytes(png_ptr, 8);
+
+      // Get PNG Header Info up to data block
+      png_read_info(png_ptr,info_ptr);
+      png_uint_32 W, H;
+      int bit_depth, color_type, interlace_type;
+      bool is_gray = false;
+      png_get_IHDR(png_ptr,info_ptr,&W,&H,&bit_depth,&color_type,&interlace_type,(int*)0,(int*)0);
+
+      // Transforms to unify image data
+      if (color_type==PNG_COLOR_TYPE_PALETTE) {
+        png_set_palette_to_rgb(png_ptr);
+        color_type = PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB;
+        bit_depth = 8;
+      }
+      if (color_type==PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY && bit_depth<8) {
+        png_set_expand_gray_1_2_4_to_8(png_ptr);
+        is_gray = true;
+        bit_depth = 8;
+      }
+      if (png_get_valid(png_ptr,info_ptr,PNG_INFO_tRNS)) {
+        png_set_tRNS_to_alpha(png_ptr);
+        color_type |= PNG_COLOR_MASK_ALPHA;
+      }
+      if (color_type==PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY || color_type==PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY_ALPHA) {
+        png_set_gray_to_rgb(png_ptr);
+        color_type |= PNG_COLOR_MASK_COLOR;
+        is_gray = true;
+      }
+      if (color_type==PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB)
+        png_set_filler(png_ptr,0xffffU,PNG_FILLER_AFTER);
+
+      png_read_update_info(png_ptr,info_ptr);
+      if (bit_depth!=8 && bit_depth!=16) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr,&end_info,(png_infopp)0);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_png(): Invalid bit depth %u in file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              bit_depth,nfilename?nfilename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      const int byte_depth = bit_depth>>3;
+
+      // Allocate Memory for Image Read
+      png_bytep *const imgData = new png_bytep[H];
+      for (unsigned int row = 0; row<H; ++row) imgData[row] = new png_byte[byte_depth*4*W];
+      png_read_image(png_ptr,imgData);
+      png_read_end(png_ptr,end_info);
+
+      // Read pixel data
+      if (color_type!=PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB && color_type!=PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB_ALPHA) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr,&end_info,(png_infopp)0);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_png(): Invalid color coding type %u in file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              color_type,nfilename?nfilename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      const bool is_alpha = (color_type==PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGBA);
+      assign(W,H,1,(is_gray?1:3) + (is_alpha?1:0));
+      T
+        *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0),
+        *ptr_g = is_gray?0:data(0,0,0,1),
+        *ptr_b = is_gray?0:data(0,0,0,2),
+        *ptr_a = !is_alpha?0:data(0,0,0,is_gray?1:3);
+      switch (bit_depth) {
+      case 8 : {
+        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
+          const unsigned char *ptrs = (unsigned char*)imgData[y];
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+            if (ptr_g) *(ptr_g++) = (T)*(ptrs++); else ++ptrs;
+            if (ptr_b) *(ptr_b++) = (T)*(ptrs++); else ++ptrs;
+            if (ptr_a) *(ptr_a++) = (T)*(ptrs++); else ++ptrs;
+          }
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 16 : {
+        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
+          const unsigned short *ptrs = (unsigned short*)(imgData[y]);
+          if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(ptrs,4*_width);
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+            if (ptr_g) *(ptr_g++) = (T)*(ptrs++); else ++ptrs;
+            if (ptr_b) *(ptr_b++) = (T)*(ptrs++); else ++ptrs;
+            if (ptr_a) *(ptr_a++) = (T)*(ptrs++); else ++ptrs;
+          }
+        }
+      } break;
+      }
+      png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr, &end_info);
+
+      // Deallocate Image Read Memory
+      cimg_forY(*this,n) delete[] imgData[n];
+      delete[] imgData;
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a PNM file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_pnm(const char *const filename) {
+      return _load_pnm(0,filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a PNM file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_pnm(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_pnm(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a PNM file \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& load_pnm(std::FILE *const file) {
+      return _load_pnm(file,0);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a PNM file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_pnm(std::FILE *const file) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_pnm(file);
+    }
+
+    CImg<T>& _load_pnm(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_pnm(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
+      unsigned int ppm_type, W, H, D = 1, colormax = 255;
+      CImg<charT> item(16384,1,1,1,0);
+      int err, rval, gval, bval;
+      const long cimg_iobuffer = 12*1024*1024;
+      while ((err=std::fscanf(nfile,"%16383[^\n]",item.data()))!=EOF && (*item=='#' || !err)) std::fgetc(nfile);
+      if (std::sscanf(item," P%u",&ppm_type)!=1) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_pnm(): PNM header not found in file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      while ((err=std::fscanf(nfile," %16383[^\n]",item.data()))!=EOF && (*item=='#' || !err)) std::fgetc(nfile);
+      if ((err=std::sscanf(item," %u %u %u %u",&W,&H,&D,&colormax))<2) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_pnm(): WIDTH and HEIGHT fields undefined in file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      if (ppm_type!=1 && ppm_type!=4) {
+        if (err==2 || (err==3 && (ppm_type==5 || ppm_type==7 || ppm_type==8 || ppm_type==9))) {
+          while ((err=std::fscanf(nfile," %16383[^\n]",item.data()))!=EOF && (*item=='#' || !err)) std::fgetc(nfile);
+          if (std::sscanf(item,"%u",&colormax)!=1)
+            cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                       "load_pnm(): COLORMAX field is undefined in file '%s'.",
+                       cimg_instance,
+                       filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+        } else { colormax = D; D = 1; }
+      }
+      std::fgetc(nfile);
+
+      switch (ppm_type) {
+      case 1 : { // 2d b&w ascii.
+        assign(W,H,1,1);
+        T* ptrd = _data;
+        cimg_foroff(*this,off) { if (std::fscanf(nfile,"%d",&rval)>0) *(ptrd++) = (T)(rval?0:255); else break; }
+      } break;
+      case 2 : { // 2d grey ascii.
+        assign(W,H,1,1);
+        T* ptrd = _data;
+        cimg_foroff(*this,off) { if (std::fscanf(nfile,"%d",&rval)>0) *(ptrd++) = (T)rval; else break; }
+      } break;
+      case 3 : { // 2d color ascii.
+        assign(W,H,1,3);
+        T *ptrd = data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2);
+        cimg_forXY(*this,x,y) {
+          if (std::fscanf(nfile,"%d %d %d",&rval,&gval,&bval)==3) {
+            *(ptrd++) = (T)rval; *(ptr_g++) = (T)gval; *(ptr_b++) = (T)bval;
+          } else break;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 4 : { // 2d b&w binary (support 3D PINK extension).
+        CImg<ucharT> raw;
+        assign(W,H,D,1);
+        T *ptrd = data(0,0,0,0);
+        unsigned int w = 0, h = 0, d = 0;
+        for (long to_read = (long)((W/8 + (W%8?1:0))*H*D); to_read>0; ) {
+          raw.assign(cimg::min(to_read,cimg_iobuffer));
+          cimg::fread(raw._data,raw._width,nfile);
+          to_read-=raw._width;
+          const unsigned char *ptrs = raw._data;
+          unsigned char mask = 0, val = 0;
+          for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)raw._width; off || mask; mask>>=1) {
+            if (!mask) { if (off--) val = *(ptrs++); mask = 128; }
+            *(ptrd++) = (T)((val&mask)?0:255);
+            if (++w==W) { w = 0; mask = 0; if (++h==H) { h = 0; if (++d==D) break; }}
+          }
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 5 : case 7 : { // 2d/3d grey binary (support 3D PINK extension).
+        if (colormax<256) { // 8 bits.
+          CImg<ucharT> raw;
+          assign(W,H,D,1);
+          T *ptrd = data(0,0,0,0);
+          for (long to_read = (long)size(); to_read>0; ) {
+            raw.assign(cimg::min(to_read,cimg_iobuffer));
+            cimg::fread(raw._data,raw._width,nfile);
+            to_read-=raw._width;
+            const unsigned char *ptrs = raw._data;
+            for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)raw._width; off; --off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+          }
+        } else { // 16 bits.
+          CImg<ushortT> raw;
+          assign(W,H,D,1);
+          T *ptrd = data(0,0,0,0);
+          for (long to_read = (long)size(); to_read>0; ) {
+            raw.assign(cimg::min(to_read,cimg_iobuffer/2));
+            cimg::fread(raw._data,raw._width,nfile);
+	    if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(raw._data,raw._width);
+            to_read-=raw._width;
+            const unsigned short *ptrs = raw._data;
+            for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)raw._width; off; --off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+          }
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 6 : { // 2d color binary.
+        if (colormax<256) { // 8 bits.
+          CImg<ucharT> raw;
+          assign(W,H,1,3);
+          T
+            *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0),
+            *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1),
+            *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2);
+          for (long to_read = (long)size(); to_read>0; ) {
+            raw.assign(cimg::min(to_read,cimg_iobuffer));
+            cimg::fread(raw._data,raw._width,nfile);
+            to_read-=raw._width;
+            const unsigned char *ptrs = raw._data;
+            for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)raw._width/3; off; --off) {
+              *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+              *(ptr_g++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+              *(ptr_b++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+            }
+          }
+        } else { // 16 bits.
+          CImg<ushortT> raw;
+          assign(W,H,1,3);
+          T
+            *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0),
+            *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1),
+            *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2);
+          for (long to_read = (int)size(); to_read>0; ) {
+            raw.assign(cimg::min(to_read,cimg_iobuffer/2));
+            cimg::fread(raw._data,raw._width,nfile);
+            if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(raw._data,raw._width);
+            to_read-=raw._width;
+            const unsigned short *ptrs = raw._data;
+            for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)raw._width/3; off; --off) {
+              *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+              *(ptr_g++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+              *(ptr_b++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 8 : { // 2d/3d grey binary with int32 integers (PINK extension).
+        CImg<intT> raw;
+        assign(W,H,D,1);
+        T *ptrd = data(0,0,0,0);
+        for (long to_read = (long)size(); to_read>0; ) {
+          raw.assign(cimg::min(to_read,cimg_iobuffer));
+          cimg::fread(raw._data,raw._width,nfile);
+          to_read-=raw._width;
+          const int *ptrs = raw._data;
+          for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)raw._width; off; --off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 9 : { // 2d/3d grey binary with float values (PINK extension).
+        CImg<floatT> raw;
+        assign(W,H,D,1);
+        T *ptrd = data(0,0,0,0);
+        for (long to_read = (long)size(); to_read>0; ) {
+          raw.assign(cimg::min(to_read,cimg_iobuffer));
+          cimg::fread(raw._data,raw._width,nfile);
+          to_read-=raw._width;
+          const float *ptrs = raw._data;
+          for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)raw._width; off; --off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+        }
+      } break;
+      default :
+        assign();
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_pnm(): PNM type 'P%d' found, but type is not supported.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)",ppm_type);
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a PFM file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_pfm(const char *const filename) {
+      return _load_pfm(0,filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a PFM file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_pfm(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_pfm(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a PFM file \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& load_pfm(std::FILE *const file) {
+      return _load_pfm(file,0);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a PFM file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_pfm(std::FILE *const file) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_pfm(file);
+    }
+
+    CImg<T>& _load_pfm(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_pfm(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
+      char pfm_type;
+      CImg<charT> item(16384,1,1,1,0);
+      int W = 0, H = 0, err = 0;
+      double scale = 0;
+      while ((err=std::fscanf(nfile,"%16383[^\n]",item.data()))!=EOF && (*item=='#' || !err)) std::fgetc(nfile);
+      if (std::sscanf(item," P%c",&pfm_type)!=1) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_pfm(): PFM header not found in file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      while ((err=std::fscanf(nfile," %16383[^\n]",item.data()))!=EOF && (*item=='#' || !err)) std::fgetc(nfile);
+      if ((err=std::sscanf(item," %d %d",&W,&H))<2) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_pfm(): WIDTH and HEIGHT fields are undefined in file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      if (err==2) {
+        while ((err=std::fscanf(nfile," %16383[^\n]",item.data()))!=EOF && (*item=='#' || !err)) std::fgetc(nfile);
+        if (std::sscanf(item,"%lf",&scale)!=1)
+          cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                     "load_pfm(): SCALE field is undefined in file '%s'.",
+                     cimg_instance,
+                     filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      std::fgetc(nfile);
+      const bool is_color = (pfm_type=='F'), is_inverted = (scale>0)!=cimg::endianness();
+      if (is_color) {
+        assign(W,H,1,3,0);
+        CImg<floatT> buf(3*W);
+        T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2);
+        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
+          cimg::fread(buf._data,3*W,nfile);
+          if (is_inverted) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,3*W);
+          const float *ptrs = buf._data;
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+            *(ptr_g++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+            *(ptr_b++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        assign(W,H,1,1,0);
+        CImg<floatT> buf(W);
+        T *ptrd = data(0,0,0,0);
+        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
+          cimg::fread(buf._data,W,nfile);
+          if (is_inverted) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,W);
+          const float *ptrs = buf._data;
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+        }
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return mirror('y');  // Most of the .pfm files are flipped along the y-axis.
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a RGB file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+      \param dimw Width of the image buffer.
+      \param dimh Height of the image buffer.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_rgb(const char *const filename, const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh=1) {
+      return _load_rgb(0,filename,dimw,dimh);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a RGB file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_rgb(const char *const filename, const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh=1) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_rgb(filename,dimw,dimh);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a RGB file \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& load_rgb(std::FILE *const file, const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh=1) {
+      return _load_rgb(file,0,dimw,dimh);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a RGB file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_rgb(std::FILE *const file, const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh=1) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_rgb(file,dimw,dimh);
+    }
+
+    CImg<T>& _load_rgb(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename,
+                       const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh) {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_rgb(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      if (!dimw || !dimh) return assign();
+      const long cimg_iobuffer = 12*1024*1024;
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
+      CImg<ucharT> raw;
+      assign(dimw,dimh,1,3);
+      T
+        *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0),
+        *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1),
+        *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2);
+      for (long to_read = (long)size(); to_read>0; ) {
+        raw.assign(cimg::min(to_read,cimg_iobuffer));
+        cimg::fread(raw._data,raw._width,nfile);
+        to_read-=raw._width;
+        const unsigned char *ptrs = raw._data;
+        for (unsigned long off = raw._width/3UL; off; --off) {
+          *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+          *(ptr_g++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+          *(ptr_b++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+        }
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a RGBA file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \param dimw Width of the image buffer.
+       \param dimh Height of the image buffer.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_rgba(const char *const filename, const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh=1) {
+      return _load_rgba(0,filename,dimw,dimh);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a RGBA file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_rgba(const char *const filename, const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh=1) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_rgba(filename,dimw,dimh);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a RGBA file \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& load_rgba(std::FILE *const file, const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh=1) {
+      return _load_rgba(file,0,dimw,dimh);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a RGBA file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_rgba(std::FILE *const file, const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh=1) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_rgba(file,dimw,dimh);
+    }
+
+    CImg<T>& _load_rgba(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename,
+                        const unsigned int dimw, const unsigned int dimh) {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_rgba(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      if (!dimw || !dimh) return assign();
+      const long cimg_iobuffer = 12*1024*1024;
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
+      CImg<ucharT> raw;
+      assign(dimw,dimh,1,4);
+      T
+        *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0),
+        *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1),
+        *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2),
+        *ptr_a = data(0,0,0,3);
+      for (long to_read = (long)size(); to_read>0; ) {
+        raw.assign(cimg::min(to_read,cimg_iobuffer));
+        cimg::fread(raw._data,raw._width,nfile);
+        to_read-=raw._width;
+        const unsigned char *ptrs = raw._data;
+        for (unsigned long off = raw._width/4UL; off; --off) {
+          *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+          *(ptr_g++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+          *(ptr_b++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+          *(ptr_a++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+        }
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a TIFF file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \param first_frame First frame to read (for multi-pages tiff).
+       \param last_frame Last frame to read (for multi-pages tiff).
+       \param step_frame Step value of frame reading.
+       \note
+       - libtiff support is enabled by defining the precompilation
+        directive \c cimg_use_tif.
+       - When libtiff is enabled, 2D and 3D (multipage) several
+        channel per pixel are supported for
+        <tt>char,uchar,short,ushort,float</tt> and \c double pixel types.
+       - If \c cimg_use_tif is not defined at compilation time the
+        function uses CImg<T>& load_other(const char*).
+     **/
+    CImg<T>& load_tiff(const char *const filename,
+		       const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
+		       const unsigned int step_frame=1,
+                       float *const voxel_size=0) {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_tiff(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      const unsigned int
+	nfirst_frame = first_frame<last_frame?first_frame:last_frame,
+	nstep_frame = step_frame?step_frame:1;
+      unsigned int nlast_frame = first_frame<last_frame?last_frame:first_frame;
+
+#ifndef cimg_use_tiff
+      cimg::unused(voxel_size);
+      if (nfirst_frame || nlast_frame!=~0U || nstep_frame>1)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_tiff(): Unable to read sub-images from file '%s' unless libtiff is enabled.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    filename);
+      return load_other(filename);
+#else
+      TIFF *tif = TIFFOpen(filename,"r");
+      if (tif) {
+        unsigned int nb_images = 0;
+        do ++nb_images; while (TIFFReadDirectory(tif));
+        if (nfirst_frame>=nb_images || (nlast_frame!=~0U && nlast_frame>=nb_images))
+          cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                     "load_tiff(): File '%s' contains %u image(s) while specified frame range is [%u,%u] (step %u).",
+                     cimg_instance,
+                     filename,nb_images,nfirst_frame,nlast_frame,nstep_frame);
+
+        if (nfirst_frame>=nb_images) return assign();
+        if (nlast_frame>=nb_images) nlast_frame = nb_images-1;
+        TIFFSetDirectory(tif,0);
+        CImg<T> frame;
+        for (unsigned int l = nfirst_frame; l<=nlast_frame; l+=nstep_frame) {
+          frame._load_tiff(tif,l,voxel_size);
+          if (l==nfirst_frame)
+            assign(frame._width,frame._height,1+(nlast_frame-nfirst_frame)/nstep_frame,frame._spectrum);
+          if (frame._width>_width || frame._height>_height || frame._spectrum>_spectrum)
+            resize(cimg::max(frame._width,_width),
+                   cimg::max(frame._height,_height),-100,
+                   cimg::max(frame._spectrum,_spectrum),0);
+          draw_image(0,0,(l-nfirst_frame)/nstep_frame,frame);
+        }
+        TIFFClose(tif);
+      } else throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                                   "load_tiff(): Failed to open file '%s'.",
+                                   cimg_instance,
+                                   filename);
+      return *this;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a TIFF file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_tiff(const char *const filename,
+				 const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
+				 const unsigned int step_frame=1,
+                                 float *const voxel_size=0) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_tiff(filename,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,voxel_size);
+    }
+
+    // (Original contribution by Jerome Boulanger).
+#ifdef cimg_use_tiff
+    template<typename t>
+    void _load_tiff_tiled_contig(TIFF *const tif, const uint16 samplesperpixel,
+                                 const uint32 nx, const uint32 ny, const uint32 tw, const uint32 th) {
+      t *const buf = (t*)_TIFFmalloc(TIFFTileSize(tif));
+      if (buf) {
+        for (unsigned int row = 0; row<ny; row+=th)
+          for (unsigned int col = 0; col<nx; col+=tw) {
+            if (TIFFReadTile(tif,buf,col,row,0,0)<0) {
+              _TIFFfree(buf); TIFFClose(tif);
+              throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_tiff(): Invalid tile in file '%s'.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    TIFFFileName(tif));
+            }
+            const t *ptr = buf;
+            for (unsigned int rr = row; rr<cimg::min((unsigned int)(row+th),(unsigned int)ny); ++rr)
+              for (unsigned int cc = col; cc<cimg::min((unsigned int)(col+tw),(unsigned int)nx); ++cc)
+                for (unsigned int vv = 0; vv<samplesperpixel; ++vv)
+                  (*this)(cc,rr,vv) = (T)(ptr[(rr-row)*th*samplesperpixel + (cc-col)*samplesperpixel + vv]);
+          }
+        _TIFFfree(buf);
+      }
+    }
+
+    template<typename t>
+    void _load_tiff_tiled_separate(TIFF *const tif, const uint16 samplesperpixel,
+                                   const uint32 nx, const uint32 ny, const uint32 tw, const uint32 th) {
+      t *const buf = (t*)_TIFFmalloc(TIFFTileSize(tif));
+      if (buf) {
+        for (unsigned int vv = 0; vv<samplesperpixel; ++vv)
+          for (unsigned int row = 0; row<ny; row+=th)
+            for (unsigned int col = 0; col<nx; col+=tw) {
+              if (TIFFReadTile(tif,buf,col,row,0,vv)<0) {
+                _TIFFfree(buf); TIFFClose(tif);
+                throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                                      "load_tiff(): Invalid tile in file '%s'.",
+                                      cimg_instance,
+                                      TIFFFileName(tif));
+              }
+              const t *ptr = buf;
+              for (unsigned int rr = row; rr<cimg::min((unsigned int)(row+th),(unsigned int)ny); ++rr)
+                for (unsigned int cc = col; cc<cimg::min((unsigned int)(col+tw),(unsigned int)nx); ++cc)
+                  (*this)(cc,rr,vv) = (T)*(ptr++);
+            }
+        _TIFFfree(buf);
+      }
+    }
+
+    template<typename t>
+    void _load_tiff_contig(TIFF *const tif, const uint16 samplesperpixel, const uint32 nx, const uint32 ny) {
+      t *const buf = (t*)_TIFFmalloc(TIFFStripSize(tif));
+      if (buf) {
+        uint32 row, rowsperstrip = (uint32)-1;
+        TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_ROWSPERSTRIP,&rowsperstrip);
+        for (row = 0; row<ny; row+= rowsperstrip) {
+          uint32 nrow = (row+rowsperstrip>ny?ny-row:rowsperstrip);
+          tstrip_t strip = TIFFComputeStrip(tif, row, 0);
+          if ((TIFFReadEncodedStrip(tif,strip,buf,-1))<0) {
+            _TIFFfree(buf); TIFFClose(tif);
+            throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                                  "load_tiff(): Invalid strip in file '%s'.",
+                                  cimg_instance,
+                                  TIFFFileName(tif));
+          }
+          const t *ptr = buf;
+          for (unsigned int rr = 0; rr<nrow; ++rr)
+            for (unsigned int cc = 0; cc<nx; ++cc)
+              for (unsigned int vv = 0; vv<samplesperpixel; ++vv) (*this)(cc,row+rr,vv) = (T)*(ptr++);
+        }
+        _TIFFfree(buf);
+      }
+    }
+
+    template<typename t>
+    void _load_tiff_separate(TIFF *const tif, const uint16 samplesperpixel, const uint32 nx, const uint32 ny) {
+      t *buf = (t*)_TIFFmalloc(TIFFStripSize(tif));
+      if (buf) {
+        uint32 row, rowsperstrip = (uint32)-1;
+        TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_ROWSPERSTRIP,&rowsperstrip);
+        for (unsigned int vv = 0; vv<samplesperpixel; ++vv)
+          for (row = 0; row<ny; row+= rowsperstrip) {
+            uint32 nrow = (row+rowsperstrip>ny?ny-row:rowsperstrip);
+            tstrip_t strip = TIFFComputeStrip(tif, row, vv);
+            if ((TIFFReadEncodedStrip(tif,strip,buf,-1))<0) {
+              _TIFFfree(buf); TIFFClose(tif);
+              throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_tiff(): Invalid strip in file '%s'.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    TIFFFileName(tif));
+            }
+            const t *ptr = buf;
+            for (unsigned int rr = 0;rr<nrow; ++rr)
+              for (unsigned int cc = 0; cc<nx; ++cc)
+                (*this)(cc,row+rr,vv) = (T)*(ptr++);
+          }
+        _TIFFfree(buf);
+      }
+    }
+
+    CImg<T>& _load_tiff(TIFF *const tif, const unsigned int directory, float *const voxel_size) {
+      if (!TIFFSetDirectory(tif,directory)) return assign();
+      uint16 samplesperpixel = 1, bitspersample = 8, photo = 0;
+      uint16 sampleformat = 1;
+      uint32 nx = 1, ny = 1;
+      const char *const filename = TIFFFileName(tif);
+      const bool is_spp = (bool)TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_SAMPLESPERPIXEL,&samplesperpixel);
+      TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_IMAGEWIDTH,&nx);
+      TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_IMAGELENGTH,&ny);
+      TIFFGetField(tif, TIFFTAG_SAMPLEFORMAT, &sampleformat);
+      TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(tif,TIFFTAG_BITSPERSAMPLE,&bitspersample);
+      TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_PHOTOMETRIC,&photo);
+      if (voxel_size) {
+        const char *s_description = 0;
+        float vx = 0, vy = 0, vz = 0;
+        if (TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_IMAGEDESCRIPTION,&s_description) && s_description) {
+          const char *s_desc = std::strstr(s_description,"VX=");
+          if (s_desc && std::sscanf(s_desc,"VX=%f VY=%f VZ=%f",&vx,&vy,&vz)==3) { // CImg format.
+            voxel_size[0] = vx; voxel_size[1] = vy; voxel_size[2] = vz;
+          }
+          s_desc = std::strstr(s_description,"spacing=");
+          if (s_desc && std::sscanf(s_desc,"spacing=%f",&vz)==1) { // fiji format.
+            voxel_size[2] = vz;
+          }
+        }
+        TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_XRESOLUTION,voxel_size);
+        TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_YRESOLUTION,voxel_size+1);
+      }
+      const unsigned int spectrum = is_spp?samplesperpixel:photo==3?3:1;
+      assign(nx,ny,1,spectrum);
+
+      if (photo>=3 && sampleformat==1 && bitspersample==8 && (samplesperpixel==3 || samplesperpixel==4)) {
+        // Special case for unsigned color images.
+        uint32 *const raster = (uint32*)_TIFFmalloc(nx*ny*sizeof(uint32));
+        if (!raster) {
+          _TIFFfree(raster); TIFFClose(tif);
+          throw CImgException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_tiff(): Failed to allocate memory (%s) for file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              cimg::strbuffersize(nx*ny*sizeof(uint32)),filename);
+        }
+        TIFFReadRGBAImage(tif,nx,ny,raster,0);
+        switch (spectrum) {
+        case 1 : {
+          cimg_forXY(*this,x,y) (*this)(x,y) = (T)(float)((raster[nx*(ny-1-y)+x] + 128)/257);
+        } break;
+        case 3 : {
+          cimg_forXY(*this,x,y) {
+            (*this)(x,y,0) = (T)(float)TIFFGetR(raster[nx*(ny-1-y)+x]);
+            (*this)(x,y,1) = (T)(float)TIFFGetG(raster[nx*(ny-1-y)+x]);
+            (*this)(x,y,2) = (T)(float)TIFFGetB(raster[nx*(ny-1-y)+x]);
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 4 : {
+          cimg_forXY(*this,x,y) {
+            (*this)(x,y,0) = (T)(float)TIFFGetR(raster[nx*(ny-1-y)+x]);
+            (*this)(x,y,1) = (T)(float)TIFFGetG(raster[nx*(ny-1-y)+x]);
+            (*this)(x,y,2) = (T)(float)TIFFGetB(raster[nx*(ny-1-y)+x]);
+            (*this)(x,y,3) = (T)(float)TIFFGetA(raster[nx*(ny-1-y)+x]);
+          }
+        } break;
+        }
+        _TIFFfree(raster);
+      } else { // Other cases.
+        uint16 config;
+        TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_PLANARCONFIG,&config);
+        if (TIFFIsTiled(tif)) {
+          uint32 tw = 1, th = 1;
+          TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_TILEWIDTH,&tw);
+          TIFFGetField(tif,TIFFTAG_TILELENGTH,&th);
+          if (config==PLANARCONFIG_CONTIG) switch (bitspersample) {
+            case 8 : {
+              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT)
+                _load_tiff_tiled_contig<unsigned char>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
+              else _load_tiff_tiled_contig<signed char>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
+            } break;
+            case 16 :
+              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT)
+                _load_tiff_tiled_contig<unsigned short>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
+              else _load_tiff_tiled_contig<short>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
+              break;
+            case 32 :
+              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT)
+                _load_tiff_tiled_contig<unsigned int>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
+              else if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_INT)
+                _load_tiff_tiled_contig<int>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
+              else _load_tiff_tiled_contig<float>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
+              break;
+            } else switch (bitspersample) {
+            case 8 :
+              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT)
+                _load_tiff_tiled_separate<unsigned char>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
+              else _load_tiff_tiled_separate<signed char>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
+              break;
+            case 16 :
+              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT)
+                _load_tiff_tiled_separate<unsigned short>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
+              else _load_tiff_tiled_separate<short>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
+              break;
+            case 32 :
+              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT)
+                _load_tiff_tiled_separate<unsigned int>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
+              else if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_INT)
+                _load_tiff_tiled_separate<int>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
+              else _load_tiff_tiled_separate<float>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny,tw,th);
+              break;
+            }
+        } else {
+          if (config==PLANARCONFIG_CONTIG) switch (bitspersample) {
+            case 8 :
+              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT)
+                _load_tiff_contig<unsigned char>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
+              else _load_tiff_contig<signed char>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
+              break;
+            case 16 :
+              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT) _load_tiff_contig<unsigned short>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
+              else _load_tiff_contig<short>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
+              break;
+            case 32 :
+              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT) _load_tiff_contig<unsigned int>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
+              else if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_INT) _load_tiff_contig<int>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
+              else _load_tiff_contig<float>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
+              break;
+            } else switch (bitspersample) {
+            case 8 :
+              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT) _load_tiff_separate<unsigned char>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
+              else _load_tiff_separate<signed char>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
+              break;
+            case 16 :
+              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT) _load_tiff_separate<unsigned short>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
+              else _load_tiff_separate<short>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
+              break;
+            case 32 :
+              if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT) _load_tiff_separate<unsigned int>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
+              else if (sampleformat==SAMPLEFORMAT_INT) _load_tiff_separate<int>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
+              else _load_tiff_separate<float>(tif,samplesperpixel,nx,ny);
+              break;
+            }
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Load image from a MINC2 file.
+    /**
+        \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    // (Original code by Haz-Edine Assemlal).
+    CImg<T>& load_minc2(const char *const filename) {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_minc2(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+#ifndef cimg_use_minc2
+      return load_other(filename);
+#else
+      minc::minc_1_reader rdr;
+      rdr.open(filename);
+      assign(rdr.ndim(1)?rdr.ndim(1):1,
+             rdr.ndim(2)?rdr.ndim(2):1,
+             rdr.ndim(3)?rdr.ndim(3):1,
+             rdr.ndim(4)?rdr.ndim(4):1);
+      if(typeid(T)==typeid(unsigned char))
+        rdr.setup_read_byte();
+      else if(typeid(T)==typeid(int))
+        rdr.setup_read_int();
+      else if(typeid(T)==typeid(double))
+        rdr.setup_read_double();
+      else
+        rdr.setup_read_float();
+      minc::load_standard_volume(rdr, this->_data);
+      return *this;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a MINC2 file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_minc2(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_analyze(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from an ANALYZE7.5/NIFTI file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \param[out] voxel_size Pointer to the three voxel sizes read from the file.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_analyze(const char *const filename, float *const voxel_size=0) {
+      return _load_analyze(0,filename,voxel_size);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from an ANALYZE7.5/NIFTI file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_analyze(const char *const filename, float *const voxel_size=0) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_analyze(filename,voxel_size);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from an ANALYZE7.5/NIFTI file \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& load_analyze(std::FILE *const file, float *const voxel_size=0) {
+      return _load_analyze(file,0,voxel_size);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from an ANALYZE7.5/NIFTI file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_analyze(std::FILE *const file, float *const voxel_size=0) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_analyze(file,voxel_size);
+    }
+
+    CImg<T>& _load_analyze(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename, float *const voxel_size=0) {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_analyze(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      std::FILE *nfile_header = 0, *nfile = 0;
+      if (!file) {
+        char body[1024] = { 0 };
+        const char *const ext = cimg::split_filename(filename,body);
+        if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"hdr")) { // File is an Analyze header file.
+          nfile_header = cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
+          std::sprintf(body + std::strlen(body),".img");
+          nfile = cimg::fopen(body,"rb");
+        } else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"img")) { // File is an Analyze data file.
+          nfile = cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
+          std::sprintf(body + std::strlen(body),".hdr");
+          nfile_header = cimg::fopen(body,"rb");
+        } else nfile_header = nfile = cimg::fopen(filename,"rb"); // File is a Niftii file.
+      } else nfile_header = nfile = file; // File is a Niftii file.
+      if (!nfile || !nfile_header)
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_analyze(): Invalid Analyze7.5 or NIFTI header in file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+      // Read header.
+      bool endian = false;
+      unsigned int header_size;
+      cimg::fread(&header_size,1,nfile_header);
+      if (!header_size)
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_analyze(): Invalid zero-sized header in file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+      if (header_size>=4096) { endian = true; cimg::invert_endianness(header_size); }
+      unsigned char *const header = new unsigned char[header_size];
+      cimg::fread(header+4,header_size-4,nfile_header);
+      if (!file && nfile_header!=nfile) cimg::fclose(nfile_header);
+      if (endian) {
+        cimg::invert_endianness((short*)(header+40),5);
+        cimg::invert_endianness((short*)(header+70),1);
+        cimg::invert_endianness((short*)(header+72),1);
+        cimg::invert_endianness((float*)(header+76),4);
+        cimg::invert_endianness((float*)(header+112),1);
+      }
+      unsigned short *dim = (unsigned short*)(header+40), dimx = 1, dimy = 1, dimz = 1, dimv = 1;
+      if (!dim[0])
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "load_analyze(): File '%s' defines an image with zero dimensions.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+      if (dim[0]>4)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "load_analyze(): File '%s' defines an image with %u dimensions, reading only the 4 first.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)",dim[0]);
+
+      if (dim[0]>=1) dimx = dim[1];
+      if (dim[0]>=2) dimy = dim[2];
+      if (dim[0]>=3) dimz = dim[3];
+      if (dim[0]>=4) dimv = dim[4];
+      float scalefactor = *(float*)(header+112); if (scalefactor==0) scalefactor=1;
+      const unsigned short datatype = *(short*)(header+70);
+      if (voxel_size) {
+        const float *vsize = (float*)(header+76);
+        voxel_size[0] = vsize[1]; voxel_size[1] = vsize[2]; voxel_size[2] = vsize[3];
+      }
+      delete[] header;
+
+      // Read pixel data.
+      assign(dimx,dimy,dimz,dimv);
+      switch (datatype) {
+      case 2 : {
+        unsigned char *const buffer = new unsigned char[dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv];
+        cimg::fread(buffer,dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv,nfile);
+        cimg_foroff(*this,off) _data[off] = (T)(buffer[off]*scalefactor);
+        delete[] buffer;
+      } break;
+      case 4 : {
+        short *const buffer = new short[dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv];
+        cimg::fread(buffer,dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv,nfile);
+        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(buffer,dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv);
+        cimg_foroff(*this,off) _data[off] = (T)(buffer[off]*scalefactor);
+        delete[] buffer;
+      } break;
+      case 8 : {
+        int *const buffer = new int[dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv];
+        cimg::fread(buffer,dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv,nfile);
+        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(buffer,dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv);
+        cimg_foroff(*this,off) _data[off] = (T)(buffer[off]*scalefactor);
+        delete[] buffer;
+      } break;
+      case 16 : {
+        float *const buffer = new float[dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv];
+        cimg::fread(buffer,dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv,nfile);
+        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(buffer,dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv);
+        cimg_foroff(*this,off) _data[off] = (T)(buffer[off]*scalefactor);
+        delete[] buffer;
+      } break;
+      case 64 : {
+        double *const buffer = new double[dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv];
+        cimg::fread(buffer,dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv,nfile);
+        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(buffer,dimx*dimy*dimz*dimv);
+        cimg_foroff(*this,off) _data[off] = (T)(buffer[off]*scalefactor);
+        delete[] buffer;
+      } break;
+      default :
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_analyze(): Unable to load datatype %d in file '%s'",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              datatype,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a .cimg[z] file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+      \param axis Appending axis, if file contains multiple images. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
+      \param align Appending alignment.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_cimg(const char *const filename, const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
+      CImgList<T> list;
+      list.load_cimg(filename);
+      if (list._width==1) return list[0].move_to(*this);
+      return assign(list.get_append(axis,align));
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a .cimg[z] file \newinstance
+    static CImg<T> get_load_cimg(const char *const filename, const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_cimg(filename,axis,align);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a .cimg[z] file \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& load_cimg(std::FILE *const file, const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
+      CImgList<T> list;
+      list.load_cimg(file);
+      if (list._width==1) return list[0].move_to(*this);
+      return assign(list.get_append(axis,align));
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a .cimg[z] file \newinstance
+    static CImg<T> get_load_cimg(std::FILE *const file, const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_cimg(file,axis,align);
+    }
+
+    //! Load sub-images of a .cimg file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+      \param n0 Starting frame.
+      \param n1 Ending frame (~0U for max).
+      \param x0 X-coordinate of the starting sub-image vertex.
+      \param y0 Y-coordinate of the starting sub-image vertex.
+      \param z0 Z-coordinate of the starting sub-image vertex.
+      \param c0 C-coordinate of the starting sub-image vertex.
+      \param x1 X-coordinate of the ending sub-image vertex (~0U for max).
+      \param y1 Y-coordinate of the ending sub-image vertex (~0U for max).
+      \param z1 Z-coordinate of the ending sub-image vertex (~0U for max).
+      \param c1 C-coordinate of the ending sub-image vertex (~0U for max).
+      \param axis Appending axis, if file contains multiple images. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
+      \param align Appending alignment.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_cimg(const char *const filename,
+                       const unsigned int n0, const unsigned int n1,
+                       const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
+                       const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0,
+                       const unsigned int x1, const unsigned int y1,
+                       const unsigned int z1, const unsigned int c1,
+                       const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
+      CImgList<T> list;
+      list.load_cimg(filename,n0,n1,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1);
+      if (list._width==1) return list[0].move_to(*this);
+      return assign(list.get_append(axis,align));
+    }
+
+    //! Load sub-images of a .cimg file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_cimg(const char *const filename,
+                                 const unsigned int n0, const unsigned int n1,
+                                 const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
+                                 const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0,
+                                 const unsigned int x1, const unsigned int y1,
+                                 const unsigned int z1, const unsigned int c1,
+                                 const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_cimg(filename,n0,n1,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,axis,align);
+    }
+
+    //! Load sub-images of a .cimg file \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& load_cimg(std::FILE *const file,
+                       const unsigned int n0, const unsigned int n1,
+                       const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
+                       const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0,
+                       const unsigned int x1, const unsigned int y1,
+                       const unsigned int z1, const unsigned int c1,
+                       const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
+      CImgList<T> list;
+      list.load_cimg(file,n0,n1,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1);
+      if (list._width==1) return list[0].move_to(*this);
+      return assign(list.get_append(axis,align));
+    }
+
+    //! Load sub-images of a .cimg file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_cimg(std::FILE *const file,
+                                 const unsigned int n0, const unsigned int n1,
+                                 const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
+                                 const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0,
+                                 const unsigned int x1, const unsigned int y1,
+                                 const unsigned int z1, const unsigned int c1,
+                                 const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_cimg(file,n0,n1,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1,axis,align);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from an INRIMAGE-4 file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \param[out] voxel_size Pointer to the three voxel sizes read from the file.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_inr(const char *const filename, float *const voxel_size=0) {
+      return _load_inr(0,filename,voxel_size);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from an INRIMAGE-4 file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_inr(const char *const filename, float *const voxel_size=0) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_inr(filename,voxel_size);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from an INRIMAGE-4 file \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& load_inr(std::FILE *const file, float *const voxel_size=0) {
+      return _load_inr(file,0,voxel_size);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from an INRIMAGE-4 file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_inr(std::FILE *const file, float *voxel_size=0) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_inr(file,voxel_size);
+    }
+
+    static void _load_inr_header(std::FILE *file, int out[8], float *const voxel_size) {
+      char item[1024] = { 0 }, tmp1[64] = { 0 }, tmp2[64] = { 0 };
+      out[0] = std::fscanf(file,"%63s",item);
+      out[0] = out[1] = out[2] = out[3] = out[5] = 1; out[4] = out[6] = out[7] = -1;
+      if(cimg::strncasecmp(item,"#INRIMAGE-4#{",13)!=0)
+        throw CImgIOException("CImg<%s>::load_inr(): INRIMAGE-4 header not found.",
+                              pixel_type());
+
+      while (std::fscanf(file," %63[^\n]%*c",item)!=EOF && std::strncmp(item,"##}",3)) {
+        std::sscanf(item," XDIM%*[^0-9]%d",out);
+        std::sscanf(item," YDIM%*[^0-9]%d",out+1);
+        std::sscanf(item," ZDIM%*[^0-9]%d",out+2);
+        std::sscanf(item," VDIM%*[^0-9]%d",out+3);
+        std::sscanf(item," PIXSIZE%*[^0-9]%d",out+6);
+        if (voxel_size) {
+          std::sscanf(item," VX%*[^0-9.+-]%f",voxel_size);
+          std::sscanf(item," VY%*[^0-9.+-]%f",voxel_size+1);
+          std::sscanf(item," VZ%*[^0-9.+-]%f",voxel_size+2);
+        }
+        if (std::sscanf(item," CPU%*[ =]%s",tmp1)) out[7]=cimg::strncasecmp(tmp1,"sun",3)?0:1;
+        switch (std::sscanf(item," TYPE%*[ =]%s %s",tmp1,tmp2)) {
+        case 0 : break;
+        case 2 : out[5] = cimg::strncasecmp(tmp1,"unsigned",8)?1:0; std::strncpy(tmp1,tmp2,sizeof(tmp1)-1);
+        case 1 :
+          if (!cimg::strncasecmp(tmp1,"int",3)   || !cimg::strncasecmp(tmp1,"fixed",5))  out[4] = 0;
+          if (!cimg::strncasecmp(tmp1,"float",5) || !cimg::strncasecmp(tmp1,"double",6)) out[4] = 1;
+          if (!cimg::strncasecmp(tmp1,"packed",6))                                       out[4] = 2;
+          if (out[4]>=0) break;
+        default :
+          throw CImgIOException("CImg<%s>::load_inr(): Invalid pixel type '%s' defined in header.",
+                                pixel_type(),
+                                tmp2);
+        }
+      }
+      if(out[0]<0 || out[1]<0 || out[2]<0 || out[3]<0)
+        throw CImgIOException("CImg<%s>::load_inr(): Invalid dimensions (%d,%d,%d,%d) defined in header.",
+                              pixel_type(),
+                              out[0],out[1],out[2],out[3]);
+      if(out[4]<0 || out[5]<0)
+        throw CImgIOException("CImg<%s>::load_inr(): Incomplete pixel type defined in header.",
+                              pixel_type());
+      if(out[6]<0)
+        throw CImgIOException("CImg<%s>::load_inr(): Incomplete PIXSIZE field defined in header.",
+                              pixel_type());
+      if(out[7]<0)
+        throw CImgIOException("CImg<%s>::load_inr(): Big/Little Endian coding type undefined in header.",
+                              pixel_type());
+    }
+
+    CImg<T>& _load_inr(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename, float *const voxel_size) {
+#define _cimg_load_inr_case(Tf,sign,pixsize,Ts) \
+     if (!loaded && fopt[6]==pixsize && fopt[4]==Tf && fopt[5]==sign) { \
+        Ts *xval, *const val = new Ts[fopt[0]*fopt[3]]; \
+        cimg_forYZ(*this,y,z) { \
+            cimg::fread(val,fopt[0]*fopt[3],nfile); \
+            if (fopt[7]!=endian) cimg::invert_endianness(val,fopt[0]*fopt[3]); \
+            xval = val; cimg_forX(*this,x) cimg_forC(*this,c) (*this)(x,y,z,c) = (T)*(xval++); \
+          } \
+        delete[] val; \
+        loaded = true; \
+      }
+
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_inr(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
+      int fopt[8], endian=cimg::endianness()?1:0;
+      bool loaded = false;
+      if (voxel_size) voxel_size[0] = voxel_size[1] = voxel_size[2] = 1;
+      _load_inr_header(nfile,fopt,voxel_size);
+      assign(fopt[0],fopt[1],fopt[2],fopt[3]);
+      _cimg_load_inr_case(0,0,8,unsigned char);
+      _cimg_load_inr_case(0,1,8,char);
+      _cimg_load_inr_case(0,0,16,unsigned short);
+      _cimg_load_inr_case(0,1,16,short);
+      _cimg_load_inr_case(0,0,32,unsigned int);
+      _cimg_load_inr_case(0,1,32,int);
+      _cimg_load_inr_case(1,0,32,float);
+      _cimg_load_inr_case(1,1,32,float);
+      _cimg_load_inr_case(1,0,64,double);
+      _cimg_load_inr_case(1,1,64,double);
+      if (!loaded) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_inr(): Unknown pixel type defined in file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a EXR file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_exr(const char *const filename) {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_exr(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+#ifndef cimg_use_openexr
+      return load_other(filename);
+#else
+      Imf::RgbaInputFile file(filename);
+      Imath::Box2i dw = file.dataWindow();
+      const int
+        inwidth = dw.max.x - dw.min.x + 1,
+        inheight = dw.max.y - dw.min.y + 1;
+      Imf::Array2D<Imf::Rgba> pixels;
+      pixels.resizeErase(inheight,inwidth);
+      file.setFrameBuffer(&pixels[0][0] - dw.min.x - dw.min.y*inwidth, 1, inwidth);
+      file.readPixels(dw.min.y, dw.max.y);
+      assign(inwidth,inheight,1,4);
+      T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2), *ptr_a = data(0,0,0,3);
+      cimg_forXY(*this,x,y) {
+        *(ptr_r++) = (T)pixels[y][x].r;
+        *(ptr_g++) = (T)pixels[y][x].g;
+        *(ptr_b++) = (T)pixels[y][x].b;
+        *(ptr_a++) = (T)pixels[y][x].a;
+      }
+      return *this;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a EXR file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_exr(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_exr(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a PANDORE-5 file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_pandore(const char *const filename) {
+      return _load_pandore(0,filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a PANDORE-5 file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_pandore(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_pandore(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a PANDORE-5 file \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& load_pandore(std::FILE *const file) {
+      return _load_pandore(file,0);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a PANDORE-5 file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_pandore(std::FILE *const file) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_pandore(file);
+    }
+
+    CImg<T>& _load_pandore(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
+#define __cimg_load_pandore_case(nbdim,nwidth,nheight,ndepth,ndim,stype) \
+        cimg::fread(dims,nbdim,nfile); \
+        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(dims,nbdim); \
+        assign(nwidth,nheight,ndepth,ndim); \
+        const unsigned int siz = size(); \
+        stype *buffer = new stype[siz]; \
+        cimg::fread(buffer,siz,nfile); \
+        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(buffer,siz); \
+        T *ptrd = _data; \
+        cimg_foroff(*this,off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(buffer++); \
+        buffer-=siz; \
+        delete[] buffer
+
+#define _cimg_load_pandore_case(nbdim,nwidth,nheight,ndepth,dim,stype1,stype2,stype3,ltype) { \
+        if (sizeof(stype1)==ltype) { __cimg_load_pandore_case(nbdim,nwidth,nheight,ndepth,dim,stype1); } \
+        else if (sizeof(stype2)==ltype) { __cimg_load_pandore_case(nbdim,nwidth,nheight,ndepth,dim,stype2); } \
+        else if (sizeof(stype3)==ltype) { __cimg_load_pandore_case(nbdim,nwidth,nheight,ndepth,dim,stype3); } \
+        else throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance \
+                                   "load_pandore(): Unknown pixel datatype in file '%s'.", \
+                                   cimg_instance, \
+                                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)"); }
+
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_pandore(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
+      char header[32] = { 0 };
+      cimg::fread(header,12,nfile);
+      if (cimg::strncasecmp("PANDORE",header,7)) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_pandore(): PANDORE header not found in file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      unsigned int imageid, dims[8] = { 0 };
+      cimg::fread(&imageid,1,nfile);
+      const bool endian = (imageid>255);
+      if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(imageid);
+      cimg::fread(header,20,nfile);
+
+      switch (imageid) {
+      case 2: _cimg_load_pandore_case(2,dims[1],1,1,1,unsigned char,unsigned char,unsigned char,1); break;
+      case 3: _cimg_load_pandore_case(2,dims[1],1,1,1,long,int,short,4); break;
+      case 4: _cimg_load_pandore_case(2,dims[1],1,1,1,double,float,float,4); break;
+      case 5: _cimg_load_pandore_case(3,dims[2],dims[1],1,1,unsigned char,unsigned char,unsigned char,1); break;
+      case 6: _cimg_load_pandore_case(3,dims[2],dims[1],1,1,long,int,short,4); break;
+      case 7: _cimg_load_pandore_case(3,dims[2],dims[1],1,1,double,float,float,4); break;
+      case 8: _cimg_load_pandore_case(4,dims[3],dims[2],dims[1],1,unsigned char,unsigned char,unsigned char,1); break;
+      case 9: _cimg_load_pandore_case(4,dims[3],dims[2],dims[1],1,long,int,short,4); break;
+      case 10: _cimg_load_pandore_case(4,dims[3],dims[2],dims[1],1,double,float,float,4); break;
+      case 11 : { // Region 1d
+        cimg::fread(dims,3,nfile);
+        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(dims,3);
+        assign(dims[1],1,1,1);
+        const unsigned siz = size();
+        if (dims[2]<256) {
+          unsigned char *buffer = new unsigned char[siz];
+          cimg::fread(buffer,siz,nfile);
+          T *ptrd = _data;
+          cimg_foroff(*this,off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(buffer++);
+          buffer-=siz;
+          delete[] buffer;
+        } else {
+          if (dims[2]<65536) {
+            unsigned short *buffer = new unsigned short[siz];
+            cimg::fread(buffer,siz,nfile);
+            if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(buffer,siz);
+            T *ptrd = _data;
+            cimg_foroff(*this,off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(buffer++);
+            buffer-=siz;
+            delete[] buffer;
+          } else {
+            unsigned int *buffer = new unsigned int[siz];
+            cimg::fread(buffer,siz,nfile);
+            if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(buffer,siz);
+            T *ptrd = _data;
+            cimg_foroff(*this,off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(buffer++);
+            buffer-=siz;
+            delete[] buffer;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+        break;
+      case 12 : { // Region 2d
+        cimg::fread(dims,4,nfile);
+        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(dims,4);
+        assign(dims[2],dims[1],1,1);
+        const unsigned int siz = size();
+        if (dims[3]<256) {
+          unsigned char *buffer = new unsigned char[siz];
+          cimg::fread(buffer,siz,nfile);
+          T *ptrd = _data;
+          cimg_foroff(*this,off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(buffer++);
+          buffer-=siz;
+          delete[] buffer;
+        } else {
+          if (dims[3]<65536) {
+            unsigned short *buffer = new unsigned short[siz];
+            cimg::fread(buffer,siz,nfile);
+            if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(buffer,siz);
+            T *ptrd = _data;
+            cimg_foroff(*this,off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(buffer++);
+            buffer-=siz;
+            delete[] buffer;
+          } else {
+            unsigned long *buffer = new unsigned long[siz];
+            cimg::fread(buffer,siz,nfile);
+            if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(buffer,siz);
+            T *ptrd = _data;
+            cimg_foroff(*this,off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(buffer++);
+            buffer-=siz;
+            delete[] buffer;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+        break;
+      case 13 : { // Region 3d
+        cimg::fread(dims,5,nfile);
+        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(dims,5);
+        assign(dims[3],dims[2],dims[1],1);
+        const unsigned int siz = size();
+        if (dims[4]<256) {
+          unsigned char *buffer = new unsigned char[siz];
+          cimg::fread(buffer,siz,nfile);
+          T *ptrd = _data;
+          cimg_foroff(*this,off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(buffer++);
+          buffer-=siz;
+          delete[] buffer;
+        } else {
+          if (dims[4]<65536) {
+            unsigned short *buffer = new unsigned short[siz];
+            cimg::fread(buffer,siz,nfile);
+            if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(buffer,siz);
+            T *ptrd = _data;
+            cimg_foroff(*this,off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(buffer++);
+            buffer-=siz;
+            delete[] buffer;
+          } else {
+            unsigned int *buffer = new unsigned int[siz];
+            cimg::fread(buffer,siz,nfile);
+            if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(buffer,siz);
+            T *ptrd = _data;
+            cimg_foroff(*this,off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(buffer++);
+            buffer-=siz;
+            delete[] buffer;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+        break;
+      case 16: _cimg_load_pandore_case(4,dims[2],dims[1],1,3,unsigned char,unsigned char,unsigned char,1); break;
+      case 17: _cimg_load_pandore_case(4,dims[2],dims[1],1,3,long,int,short,4); break;
+      case 18: _cimg_load_pandore_case(4,dims[2],dims[1],1,3,double,float,float,4); break;
+      case 19: _cimg_load_pandore_case(5,dims[3],dims[2],dims[1],3,unsigned char,unsigned char,unsigned char,1); break;
+      case 20: _cimg_load_pandore_case(5,dims[3],dims[2],dims[1],3,long,int,short,4); break;
+      case 21: _cimg_load_pandore_case(5,dims[3],dims[2],dims[1],3,double,float,float,4); break;
+      case 22: _cimg_load_pandore_case(2,dims[1],1,1,dims[0],unsigned char,unsigned char,unsigned char,1); break;
+      case 23: _cimg_load_pandore_case(2,dims[1],1,1,dims[0],long,int,short,4);
+      case 24: _cimg_load_pandore_case(2,dims[1],1,1,dims[0],unsigned long,unsigned int,unsigned short,4); break;
+      case 25: _cimg_load_pandore_case(2,dims[1],1,1,dims[0],double,float,float,4); break;
+      case 26: _cimg_load_pandore_case(3,dims[2],dims[1],1,dims[0],unsigned char,unsigned char,unsigned char,1); break;
+      case 27: _cimg_load_pandore_case(3,dims[2],dims[1],1,dims[0],long,int,short,4); break;
+      case 28: _cimg_load_pandore_case(3,dims[2],dims[1],1,dims[0],unsigned long,unsigned int,unsigned short,4); break;
+      case 29: _cimg_load_pandore_case(3,dims[2],dims[1],1,dims[0],double,float,float,4); break;
+      case 30: _cimg_load_pandore_case(4,dims[3],dims[2],dims[1],dims[0],unsigned char,unsigned char,unsigned char,1);
+        break;
+      case 31: _cimg_load_pandore_case(4,dims[3],dims[2],dims[1],dims[0],long,int,short,4); break;
+      case 32: _cimg_load_pandore_case(4,dims[3],dims[2],dims[1],dims[0],unsigned long,unsigned int,unsigned short,4);
+        break;
+      case 33: _cimg_load_pandore_case(4,dims[3],dims[2],dims[1],dims[0],double,float,float,4); break;
+      case 34 : { // Points 1d
+        int ptbuf[4] = { 0 };
+        cimg::fread(ptbuf,1,nfile);
+        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(ptbuf,1);
+        assign(1); (*this)(0) = (T)ptbuf[0];
+      } break;
+      case 35 : { // Points 2d
+        int ptbuf[4] = { 0 };
+        cimg::fread(ptbuf,2,nfile);
+        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(ptbuf,2);
+        assign(2); (*this)(0) = (T)ptbuf[1]; (*this)(1) = (T)ptbuf[0];
+      } break;
+      case 36 : { // Points 3d
+        int ptbuf[4] = { 0 };
+        cimg::fread(ptbuf,3,nfile);
+        if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(ptbuf,3);
+        assign(3); (*this)(0) = (T)ptbuf[2]; (*this)(1) = (T)ptbuf[1]; (*this)(2) = (T)ptbuf[0];
+      } break;
+      default :
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_pandore(): Unable to load data with ID_type %u in file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              imageid,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a PAR-REC (Philips) file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+      \param axis Appending axis, if file contains multiple images. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
+      \param align Appending alignment.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_parrec(const char *const filename, const char axis='c', const float align=0) {
+      CImgList<T> list;
+      list.load_parrec(filename);
+      if (list._width==1) return list[0].move_to(*this);
+      return assign(list.get_append(axis,align));
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a PAR-REC (Philips) file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_parrec(const char *const filename, const char axis='c', const float align=0) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_parrec(filename,axis,align);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a raw binary file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+      \param size_x Width of the image buffer.
+      \param size_y Height of the image buffer.
+      \param size_z Depth of the image buffer.
+      \param size_c Spectrum of the image buffer.
+      \param is_multiplexed Tells if the image values are multiplexed along the C-axis.
+      \param invert_endianness Tells if the endianness of the image buffer must be inverted.
+      \param offset Starting offset of the read in the specified file.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_raw(const char *const filename,
+                      const unsigned int size_x=0, const unsigned int size_y=1,
+                      const unsigned int size_z=1, const unsigned int size_c=1,
+                      const bool is_multiplexed=false, const bool invert_endianness=false,
+                      const unsigned long offset=0) {
+      return _load_raw(0,filename,size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c,is_multiplexed,invert_endianness,offset);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a raw binary file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_raw(const char *const filename,
+                                const unsigned int size_x=0, const unsigned int size_y=1,
+                                const unsigned int size_z=1, const unsigned int size_c=1,
+                                const bool is_multiplexed=false, const bool invert_endianness=false,
+                                const unsigned long offset=0) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_raw(filename,size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c,is_multiplexed,invert_endianness,offset);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a raw binary file \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& load_raw(std::FILE *const file,
+                      const unsigned int size_x=0, const unsigned int size_y=1,
+                      const unsigned int size_z=1, const unsigned int size_c=1,
+                      const bool is_multiplexed=false, const bool invert_endianness=false,
+                      const unsigned long offset=0) {
+      return _load_raw(file,0,size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c,is_multiplexed,invert_endianness,offset);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a raw binary file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_raw(std::FILE *const file,
+                                const unsigned int size_x=0, const unsigned int size_y=1,
+                                const unsigned int size_z=1, const unsigned int size_c=1,
+                                const bool is_multiplexed=false, const bool invert_endianness=false,
+                                const unsigned long offset=0) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_raw(file,size_x,size_y,size_z,size_c,is_multiplexed,invert_endianness,offset);
+    }
+
+    CImg<T>& _load_raw(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename,
+		       const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
+		       const unsigned int size_z, const unsigned int size_c,
+		       const bool is_multiplexed, const bool invert_endianness,
+                       const unsigned long offset) {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_raw(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (cimg::is_directory(filename))
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_raw(): Specified filename '%s' is a directory.",
+                                    cimg_instance,filename);
+
+      unsigned int siz = size_x*size_y*size_z*size_c,
+        _size_x = size_x, _size_y = size_y, _size_z = size_z, _size_c = size_c;
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
+      if (!siz) {  // Retrieve file size.
+        const long fpos = std::ftell(nfile);
+        if (fpos<0) throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                                "load_raw(): Cannot determine size of input file '%s'.",
+                                                cimg_instance,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+        std::fseek(nfile,0,SEEK_END);
+        siz = _size_y = (unsigned int)std::ftell(nfile)/sizeof(T);
+        _size_x = _size_z = _size_c = 1;
+        std::fseek(nfile,fpos,SEEK_SET);
+      }
+      std::fseek(nfile,(long)offset,SEEK_SET);
+      assign(_size_x,_size_y,_size_z,_size_c,0);
+      if (!is_multiplexed || size_c==1) {
+        cimg::fread(_data,siz,nfile);
+        if (invert_endianness) cimg::invert_endianness(_data,siz);
+      } else {
+        CImg<T> buf(1,1,1,_size_c);
+        cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
+          cimg::fread(buf._data,_size_c,nfile);
+          if (invert_endianness) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,_size_c);
+          set_vector_at(buf,x,y,z);
+        }
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load image sequence using FFMPEG av's libraries.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+      \param first_frame Index of the first frame to read.
+      \param last_frame Index of the last frame to read.
+      \param step_frame Step value for frame reading.
+      \param pixel_format To be documented.
+      \param resume To be documented.
+      \param axis Appending axis, if file contains multiple images. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
+      \param align Appending alignment.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_ffmpeg(const char *const filename,
+                         const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
+			 const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool pixel_format=true, const bool resume=false,
+			 const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
+      return get_load_ffmpeg(filename,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,pixel_format,resume,axis,align).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image sequence using FFMPEG av's libraries \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_ffmpeg(const char *const filename,
+                                   const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
+				   const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool pixel_format=true,
+                                   const bool resume=false,
+				   const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
+      return CImgList<T>().load_ffmpeg(filename,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,pixel_format,resume).
+        get_append(axis,align);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image sequence from a YUV file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+      \param size_x Width of the frames.
+      \param size_y Height of the frames.
+      \param first_frame Index of the first frame to read.
+      \param last_frame Index of the last frame to read.
+      \param step_frame Step value for frame reading.
+      \param yuv2rgb Tells if the YUV to RGB transform must be applied.
+      \param axis Appending axis, if file contains multiple images. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_yuv(const char *const filename,
+                      const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
+                      const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
+                      const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool yuv2rgb=true, const char axis='z') {
+      return get_load_yuv(filename,size_x,size_y,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,yuv2rgb,axis).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image sequence from a YUV file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_yuv(const char *const filename,
+                                const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
+                                const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
+                                const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool yuv2rgb=true, const char axis='z') {
+      return CImgList<T>().load_yuv(filename,size_x,size_y,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,yuv2rgb).get_append(axis);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image sequence from a YUV file \overloading.
+    CImg<T>& load_yuv(std::FILE *const file,
+                      const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
+                      const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
+		      const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool yuv2rgb=true, const char axis='z') {
+      return get_load_yuv(file,size_x,size_y,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,yuv2rgb,axis).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image sequence from a YUV file \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_yuv(std::FILE *const file,
+                                const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
+                                const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
+				const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool yuv2rgb=true, const char axis='z') {
+      return CImgList<T>().load_yuv(file,size_x,size_y,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,yuv2rgb).get_append(axis);
+    }
+
+    //! Load 3d object from a .OFF file.
+    /**
+        \param[out] primitives Primitives data of the 3d object.
+        \param[out] colors Colors data of the 3d object.
+        \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    template<typename tf, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& load_off(CImgList<tf>& primitives, CImgList<tc>& colors, const char *const filename) {
+      return _load_off(primitives,colors,0,filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load 3d object from a .OFF file \newinstance.
+    template<typename tf, typename tc>
+    static CImg<T> get_load_off(CImgList<tf>& primitives, CImgList<tc>& colors, const char *const filename) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_off(primitives,colors,filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load 3d object from a .OFF file \overloading.
+    template<typename tf, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& load_off(CImgList<tf>& primitives, CImgList<tc>& colors, std::FILE *const file) {
+      return _load_off(primitives,colors,file,0);
+    }
+
+    //! Load 3d object from a .OFF file \newinstance.
+    template<typename tf, typename tc>
+    static CImg<T> get_load_off(CImgList<tf>& primitives, CImgList<tc>& colors, std::FILE *const file) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_off(primitives,colors,file);
+    }
+
+    template<typename tf, typename tc>
+    CImg<T>& _load_off(CImgList<tf>& primitives, CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                       std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_off(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"r");
+      unsigned int nb_points = 0, nb_primitives = 0, nb_read = 0;
+      char line[256] = { 0 };
+      int err;
+
+      // Skip comments, and read magic string OFF
+      do { err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%255[^\n] ",line); } while (!err || (err==1 && *line=='#'));
+      if (cimg::strncasecmp(line,"OFF",3) && cimg::strncasecmp(line,"COFF",4)) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_off(): OFF header not found in file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      do { err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%255[^\n] ",line); } while (!err || (err==1 && *line=='#'));
+      if ((err = std::sscanf(line,"%u%u%*[^\n] ",&nb_points,&nb_primitives))!=2) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_off(): Invalid number of vertices or primitives specified in file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+
+      // Read points data
+      assign(nb_points,3);
+      float X = 0, Y = 0, Z = 0;
+      cimg_forX(*this,l) {
+        do { err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%255[^\n] ",line); } while (!err || (err==1 && *line=='#'));
+        if ((err = std::sscanf(line,"%f%f%f%*[^\n] ",&X,&Y,&Z))!=3) {
+          if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+          throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                                "load_off(): Failed to read vertex %u/%u in file '%s'.",
+                                cimg_instance,
+                                l+1,nb_points,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+        }
+        (*this)(l,0) = (T)X; (*this)(l,1) = (T)Y; (*this)(l,2) = (T)Z;
+      }
+
+      // Read primitive data
+      primitives.assign();
+      colors.assign();
+      bool stop_flag = false;
+      while (!stop_flag) {
+        float c0 = 0.7f, c1 = 0.7f, c2 = 0.7f;
+        unsigned int prim = 0, i0 = 0, i1 = 0, i2 = 0, i3 = 0, i4 = 0, i5 = 0, i6 = 0, i7 = 0;
+        *line = 0;
+        if ((err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%u",&prim))!=1) stop_flag = true;
+        else {
+          ++nb_read;
+          switch (prim) {
+          case 1 : {
+            if ((err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%u%255[^\n] ",&i0,line))<2) {
+              cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                         "load_off(): Failed to read primitive %u/%u from file '%s'.",
+                         cimg_instance,
+                         nb_read,nb_primitives,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+              err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%*[^\n] ");
+            } else {
+              err = std::sscanf(line,"%f%f%f",&c0,&c1,&c2);
+              CImg<tf>::vector(i0).move_to(primitives);
+              CImg<tc>::vector((tc)(c0*255),(tc)(c1*255),(tc)(c2*255)).move_to(colors);
+            }
+          } break;
+          case 2 : {
+            if ((err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%u%u%255[^\n] ",&i0,&i1,line))<2) {
+              cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                         "load_off(): Failed to read primitive %u/%u from file '%s'.",
+                         cimg_instance,
+                         nb_read,nb_primitives,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+              err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%*[^\n] ");
+            } else {
+              err = std::sscanf(line,"%f%f%f",&c0,&c1,&c2);
+              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i1).move_to(primitives);
+              CImg<tc>::vector((tc)(c0*255),(tc)(c1*255),(tc)(c2*255)).move_to(colors);
+            }
+          } break;
+          case 3 : {
+            if ((err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%u%u%u%255[^\n] ",&i0,&i1,&i2,line))<3) {
+              cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                         "load_off(): Failed to read primitive %u/%u from file '%s'.",
+                         cimg_instance,
+                         nb_read,nb_primitives,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+              err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%*[^\n] ");
+            } else {
+              err = std::sscanf(line,"%f%f%f",&c0,&c1,&c2);
+              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i2,i1).move_to(primitives);
+              CImg<tc>::vector((tc)(c0*255),(tc)(c1*255),(tc)(c2*255)).move_to(colors);
+            }
+          } break;
+          case 4 : {
+            if ((err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%u%u%u%u%255[^\n] ",&i0,&i1,&i2,&i3,line))<4) {
+              cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                         "load_off(): Failed to read primitive %u/%u from file '%s'.",
+                         cimg_instance,
+                         nb_read,nb_primitives,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+              err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%*[^\n] ");
+            } else {
+              err = std::sscanf(line,"%f%f%f",&c0,&c1,&c2);
+              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i3,i2,i1).move_to(primitives);
+              CImg<tc>::vector((tc)(c0*255),(tc)(c1*255),(tc)(c2*255)).move_to(colors);
+            }
+          } break;
+          case 5 : {
+            if ((err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%u%u%u%u%u%255[^\n] ",&i0,&i1,&i2,&i3,&i4,line))<5) {
+              cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                         "load_off(): Failed to read primitive %u/%u from file '%s'.",
+                         cimg_instance,
+                         nb_read,nb_primitives,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+              err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%*[^\n] ");
+            } else {
+              err = std::sscanf(line,"%f%f%f",&c0,&c1,&c2);
+              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i3,i2,i1).move_to(primitives);
+              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i4,i3).move_to(primitives);
+              colors.insert(2,CImg<tc>::vector((tc)(c0*255),(tc)(c1*255),(tc)(c2*255)));
+              ++nb_primitives;
+            }
+          } break;
+          case 6 : {
+            if ((err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%u%u%u%u%u%u%255[^\n] ",&i0,&i1,&i2,&i3,&i4,&i5,line))<6) {
+              cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                         "load_off(): Failed to read primitive %u/%u from file '%s'.",
+                         cimg_instance,
+                         nb_read,nb_primitives,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+              err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%*[^\n] ");
+            } else {
+              err = std::sscanf(line,"%f%f%f",&c0,&c1,&c2);
+              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i3,i2,i1).move_to(primitives);
+              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i5,i4,i3).move_to(primitives);
+              colors.insert(2,CImg<tc>::vector((tc)(c0*255),(tc)(c1*255),(tc)(c2*255)));
+              ++nb_primitives;
+            }
+          } break;
+          case 7 : {
+            if ((err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%u%u%u%u%u%u%u%255[^\n] ",&i0,&i1,&i2,&i3,&i4,&i5,&i6,line))<7) {
+              cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                         "load_off(): Failed to read primitive %u/%u from file '%s'.",
+                         cimg_instance,
+                         nb_read,nb_primitives,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+              err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%*[^\n] ");
+            } else {
+              err = std::sscanf(line,"%f%f%f",&c0,&c1,&c2);
+              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i4,i3,i1).move_to(primitives);
+              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i6,i5,i4).move_to(primitives);
+              CImg<tf>::vector(i3,i2,i1).move_to(primitives);
+              colors.insert(3,CImg<tc>::vector((tc)(c0*255),(tc)(c1*255),(tc)(c2*255)));
+              ++(++nb_primitives);
+            }
+          } break;
+          case 8 : {
+            if ((err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%u%u%u%u%u%u%u%u%255[^\n] ",&i0,&i1,&i2,&i3,&i4,&i5,&i6,&i7,line))<7) {
+              cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                         "load_off(): Failed to read primitive %u/%u from file '%s'.",
+                         cimg_instance,
+                         nb_read,nb_primitives,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+              err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%*[^\n] ");
+            } else {
+              err = std::sscanf(line,"%f%f%f",&c0,&c1,&c2);
+              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i3,i2,i1).move_to(primitives);
+              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i5,i4,i3).move_to(primitives);
+              CImg<tf>::vector(i0,i7,i6,i5).move_to(primitives);
+              colors.insert(3,CImg<tc>::vector((tc)(c0*255),(tc)(c1*255),(tc)(c2*255)));
+              ++(++nb_primitives);
+            }
+          } break;
+          default :
+            cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                       "load_off(): Failed to read primitive %u/%u (%u vertices) from file '%s'.",
+                       cimg_instance,
+                       nb_read,nb_primitives,prim,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+            err = std::fscanf(nfile,"%*[^\n] ");
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      if (primitives._width!=nb_primitives)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "load_off(): Only %u/%u primitives read from file '%s'.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   primitives._width,nb_primitives,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load image sequence using FFMPEG's external tool 'ffmpeg'.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+      \param axis Appending axis, if file contains multiple images. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
+      \param align Appending alignment.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_ffmpeg_external(const char *const filename, const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
+      return get_load_ffmpeg_external(filename,axis,align).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image sequence using FFMPEG's external tool 'ffmpeg' \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_ffmpeg_external(const char *const filename, const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
+      return CImgList<T>().load_ffmpeg_external(filename).get_append(axis,align);
+    }
+
+    //! Load gif file, using Imagemagick or GraphicsMagicks's external tools.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+      \param use_graphicsmagick Tells if GraphicsMagick's tool 'gm' is used instead of ImageMagick's tool 'convert'.
+      \param axis Appending axis, if file contains multiple images. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
+      \param align Appending alignment.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_gif_external(const char *const filename,
+                               const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
+      return get_load_gif_external(filename,axis,align).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Load gif file, using ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick's external tool 'convert' \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_gif_external(const char *const filename,
+                                         const char axis='z', const float align=0) {
+      return CImgList<T>().load_gif_external(filename).get_append(axis,align);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image using GraphicsMagick's external tool 'gm'.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_graphicsmagick_external(const char *const filename) {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_graphicsmagick_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      std::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"rb"));            // Check if file exists.
+      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 };
+      std::FILE *file = 0;
+      const CImg<charT> s_filename = CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape();
+#if cimg_OS==1
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s convert \"%s\" pnm:-",
+                    cimg::graphicsmagick_path(),s_filename.data());
+      file = popen(command,"r");
+      if (file) {
+        const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+        cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+        try { load_pnm(file); } catch (...) {
+          pclose(file);
+          cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+          throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                                "load_graphicsmagick_external(): Failed to load file '%s' with external command 'gm'.",
+                                cimg_instance,
+                                filename);
+        }
+        pclose(file);
+        return *this;
+      }
+#endif
+      do {
+        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.pnm",
+                      cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
+        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+      } while (file);
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s convert \"%s\" \"%s\"",
+                    cimg::graphicsmagick_path(),s_filename.data(),
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data());
+      cimg::system(command,cimg::graphicsmagick_path());
+      if (!(file = std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))) {
+        cimg::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"r"));
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_graphicsmagick_external(): Failed to load file '%s' with external command 'gm'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              filename);
+
+      } else cimg::fclose(file);
+      load_pnm(filetmp);
+      std::remove(filetmp);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load image using GraphicsMagick's external tool 'gm' \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_graphicsmagick_external(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_graphicsmagick_external(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load gzipped image file, using external tool 'gunzip'.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_gzip_external(const char *const filename) {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_gzip_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                              cimg_instance);
+      std::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"rb"));            // Check if file exists.
+      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 }, body[512] = { 0 };
+      const char
+        *const ext = cimg::split_filename(filename,body),
+        *const ext2 = cimg::split_filename(body,0);
+
+      std::FILE *file = 0;
+      do {
+        if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"gz")) {
+          if (*ext2) cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.%s",
+                                   cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand(),ext2);
+          else cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s",
+                             cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
+        } else {
+          if (*ext) cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.%s",
+                                  cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand(),ext);
+          else cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s",
+                             cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
+        }
+        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+      } while (file);
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -c \"%s\" > \"%s\"",
+                    cimg::gunzip_path(),
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data(),
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data());
+      cimg::system(command);
+      if (!(file = std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))) {
+        cimg::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"r"));
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_gzip_external(): Failed to load file '%s' with external command 'gunzip'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              filename);
+
+      } else cimg::fclose(file);
+      load(filetmp);
+      std::remove(filetmp);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load gzipped image file, using external tool 'gunzip' \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_gzip_external(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_gzip_external(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image using ImageMagick's external tool 'convert'.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_imagemagick_external(const char *const filename) {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_imagemagick_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      std::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"rb"));            // Check if file exists.
+      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 };
+      std::FILE *file = 0;
+      const CImg<charT> s_filename = CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape();
+#if cimg_OS==1
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s%s \"%s\" pnm:-",
+                    cimg::imagemagick_path(),
+                    !cimg::strcasecmp(cimg::split_filename(filename),"pdf")?" -density 400x400":"",
+                    s_filename.data());
+      file = popen(command,"r");
+      if (file) {
+        const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+        cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+        try { load_pnm(file); } catch (...) {
+          pclose(file);
+          cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+          throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                                "load_imagemagick_external(): Failed to load file '%s' with "
+                                "external command 'convert'.",
+                                cimg_instance,
+                                filename);
+        }
+        pclose(file);
+        return *this;
+      }
+#endif
+      do {
+        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.pnm",
+                      cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
+        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+      } while (file);
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s%s \"%s\" \"%s\"",
+                    cimg::imagemagick_path(),
+                    !cimg::strcasecmp(cimg::split_filename(filename),"pdf")?" -density 400x400":"",
+                    s_filename.data(),CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data());
+      cimg::system(command,cimg::imagemagick_path());
+      if (!(file = std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))) {
+        cimg::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"r"));
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_imagemagick_external(): Failed to load file '%s' with external command 'convert'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              filename);
+
+      } else cimg::fclose(file);
+      load_pnm(filetmp);
+      std::remove(filetmp);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load image using ImageMagick's external tool 'convert' \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_imagemagick_external(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_imagemagick_external(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a DICOM file, using XMedcon's external tool 'medcon'.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_medcon_external(const char *const filename) {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_medcon_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      std::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"rb"));            // Check if file exists.
+      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 }, body[512] = { 0 };
+      cimg::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"r"));
+      std::FILE *file = 0;
+      do {
+        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s.hdr",cimg::filenamerand());
+        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+      } while (file);
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -w -c anlz -o \"%s\" -f \"%s\"",
+                    cimg::medcon_path(),
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data(),
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data());
+      cimg::system(command);
+      cimg::split_filename(filetmp,body);
+
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s.hdr",body);
+      file = std::fopen(command,"rb");
+      if (!file) {
+        cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"m000-%s.hdr",body);
+        file = std::fopen(command,"rb");
+        if (!file) {
+          throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                                "load_medcon_external(): Failed to load file '%s' with external command 'medcon'.",
+                                cimg_instance,
+                                filename);
+        }
+      }
+      cimg::fclose(file);
+      load_analyze(command);
+      std::remove(command);
+      cimg::split_filename(command,body);
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s.img",body);
+      std::remove(command);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a DICOM file, using XMedcon's external tool 'medcon' \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_medcon_external(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_medcon_external(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a RAW Color Camera file, using external tool 'dcraw'.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_dcraw_external(const char *const filename) {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_dcraw_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      std::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"rb"));            // Check if file exists.
+      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 };
+      std::FILE *file = 0;
+      const CImg<charT> s_filename = CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape();
+#if cimg_OS==1
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -w -4 -c \"%s\"",
+                    cimg::dcraw_path(),s_filename.data());
+      file = popen(command,"r");
+      if (file) {
+        const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+        cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+        try { load_pnm(file); } catch (...) {
+          pclose(file);
+          cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+          throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                                "load_dcraw_external(): Failed to load file '%s' with external command 'dcraw'.",
+                                cimg_instance,
+                                filename);
+        }
+        pclose(file);
+        return *this;
+      }
+#endif
+      do {
+        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.ppm",
+                      cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
+        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+      } while (file);
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -w -4 -c \"%s\" > \"%s\"",
+                    cimg::dcraw_path(),s_filename.data(),CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data());
+      cimg::system(command,cimg::dcraw_path());
+      if (!(file = std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))) {
+        cimg::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"r"));
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "load_dcraw_external(): Failed to load file '%s' with external command 'dcraw'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              filename);
+
+      } else cimg::fclose(file);
+      load_pnm(filetmp);
+      std::remove(filetmp);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a RAW Color Camera file, using external tool 'dcraw' \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_dcraw_external(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_dcraw_external(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a camera stream, using OpenCV.
+    /**
+       \param camera_index Index of the camera to capture images from.
+       \param skip_frames Number of frames to skip before the capture.
+       \param release_camera Tells if the camera ressource must be released at the end of the method.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_camera(const unsigned int camera_index=0, const unsigned int skip_frames=0,
+                         const bool release_camera=true, const unsigned int capture_width=0,
+                         const unsigned int capture_height=0) {
+#ifdef cimg_use_opencv
+      if (camera_index>255)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_camera(): Invalid request for camera #%u "
+                                    "(no more than 256 cameras can be managed).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    camera_index);
+      static CvCapture *capture[256] = { 0 };
+      if (release_camera) {
+        if (capture[camera_index]) cvReleaseCapture(&(capture[camera_index]));
+        capture[camera_index] = 0;
+        return *this;
+      }
+      if (!capture[camera_index]) {
+        capture[camera_index] = cvCreateCameraCapture(camera_index);
+        if (!capture[camera_index]) {
+          throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                                "load_camera(): Failed to initialize camera #%u.",
+                                cimg_instance,
+                                camera_index);
+        }
+      }
+      if (capture_width) cvSetCaptureProperty(capture[camera_index],CV_CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH,capture_width);
+      if (capture_height) cvSetCaptureProperty(capture[camera_index],CV_CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT,capture_height);
+      const IplImage *img = 0;
+      for (unsigned int i = 0; i<skip_frames; ++i) img = cvQueryFrame(capture[camera_index]);
+      img = cvQueryFrame(capture[camera_index]);
+      if (img) {
+        const int step = (int)(img->widthStep - 3*img->width);
+        assign(img->width,img->height,1,3);
+        const unsigned char* ptrs = (unsigned char*)img->imageData;
+        T *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2);
+        if (step>0) cimg_forY(*this,y) {
+            cimg_forX(*this,x) { *(ptr_b++) = (T)*(ptrs++); *(ptr_g++) = (T)*(ptrs++); *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++); }
+            ptrs+=step;
+          } else for (unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)img->width*img->height; siz; --siz) {
+            *(ptr_b++) = (T)*(ptrs++); *(ptr_g++) = (T)*(ptrs++); *(ptr_r++) = (T)*(ptrs++);
+          }
+      }
+      return *this;
+#else
+      cimg::unused(camera_index,skip_frames,release_camera,capture_width,capture_height);
+      throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                            "load_camera(): This function requires the OpenCV library to run "
+                            "(macro 'cimg_use_opencv' must be defined).",
+                            cimg_instance);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    //! Load image from a camera stream, using OpenCV \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_camera(const unsigned int camera_index=0, const unsigned int skip_frames=0,
+                                   const bool release_camera=true,
+                                   const unsigned int capture_width=0, const unsigned int capture_height=0) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_camera(camera_index,skip_frames,release_camera,capture_width,capture_height);
+    }
+
+    //! Load image using various non-native ways.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& load_other(const char *const filename) {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_other(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      try { load_magick(filename); }
+      catch (CImgException&) {
+        try { load_imagemagick_external(filename); }
+        catch (CImgException&) {
+          try { load_graphicsmagick_external(filename); }
+          catch (CImgException&) {
+            try { load_cimg(filename); }
+            catch (CImgException&) {
+              try {
+                std::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"rb"));
+              } catch (CImgException&) {
+                cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+                throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                                      "load_other(): Failed to open file '%s'.",
+                                      cimg_instance,
+                                      filename);
+              }
+              cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+              throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "load_other(): Failed to recognize format of file '%s'.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    filename);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load image using various non-native ways \newinstance.
+    static CImg<T> get_load_other(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_other(filename);
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //---------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Data Output
+    //@{
+    //---------------------------
+
+    //! Display informations about the image data.
+    /**
+       \param title Name for the considered image.
+       \param display_stats Tells to compute and display image statistics.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& print(const char *const title=0, const bool display_stats=true) const {
+      int xm = 0, ym = 0, zm = 0, vm = 0, xM = 0, yM = 0, zM = 0, vM = 0;
+      CImg<doubleT> st;
+      if (!is_empty() && display_stats) {
+        st = get_stats();
+        xm = (int)st[4]; ym = (int)st[5], zm = (int)st[6], vm = (int)st[7];
+        xM = (int)st[8]; yM = (int)st[9], zM = (int)st[10], vM = (int)st[11];
+      }
+      const unsigned long siz = size(), msiz = siz*sizeof(T), siz1 = siz-1,
+        mdisp = msiz<8*1024?0:(msiz<8*1024*1024?1:2), width1 = _width-1;
+
+      char _title[64] = { 0 };
+      if (!title) cimg_snprintf(_title,sizeof(_title),"CImg<%s>",pixel_type());
+
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"%s%s%s%s: %sthis%s = %p, %ssize%s = (%u,%u,%u,%u) [%lu %s], %sdata%s = (%s*)%p",
+                   cimg::t_magenta,cimg::t_bold,title?title:_title,cimg::t_normal,
+                   cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,(void*)this,
+                   cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,
+                   mdisp==0?msiz:(mdisp==1?(msiz>>10):(msiz>>20)),
+                   mdisp==0?"b":(mdisp==1?"Kio":"Mio"),
+                   cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,pixel_type(),(void*)begin());
+      if (_data) std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"..%p (%s) = [ ",(void*)((char*)end()-1),_is_shared?"shared":"non-shared");
+      else std::fprintf(cimg::output()," (%s) = [ ",_is_shared?"shared":"non-shared");
+
+      if (!is_empty()) cimg_foroff(*this,off) {
+        std::fprintf(cimg::output(),cimg::type<T>::format(),cimg::type<T>::format(_data[off]));
+        if (off!=siz1) std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"%s",off%_width==width1?" ; ":" ");
+        if (off==7 && siz>16) { off = siz1-8; std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"... "); }
+      }
+      if (!is_empty() && display_stats)
+	std::fprintf(cimg::output(),
+                     " ], %smin%s = %g, %smax%s = %g, %smean%s = %g, %sstd%s = %g, %scoords_min%s = (%u,%u,%u,%u), "
+                     "%scoords_max%s = (%u,%u,%u,%u).\n",
+		     cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,st[0],
+                     cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,st[1],
+                     cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,st[2],
+                     cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,std::sqrt(st[3]),
+                     cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,xm,ym,zm,vm,
+                     cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,xM,yM,zM,vM);
+      else std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"%s].\n",is_empty()?"":" ");
+      std::fflush(cimg::output());
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Display image into a CImgDisplay window.
+    /**
+       \param disp Display window.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& display(CImgDisplay& disp) const {
+      disp.display(*this);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Display image into a CImgDisplay window, in an interactive way.
+    /**
+        \param disp Display window.
+        \param display_info Tells if image informations are displayed on the standard output.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& display(CImgDisplay &disp, const bool display_info, unsigned int *const XYZ=0) const {
+      return _display(disp,0,display_info,XYZ,false);
+    }
+
+    //! Display image into an interactive window.
+    /**
+        \param title Window title
+        \param display_info Tells if image informations are displayed on the standard output.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& display(const char *const title=0, const bool display_info=true, unsigned int *const XYZ=0) const {
+      CImgDisplay disp;
+      return _display(disp,title,display_info,XYZ,false);
+    }
+
+    const CImg<T>& _display(CImgDisplay &disp, const char *const title,
+                            const bool display_info, unsigned int *const XYZ,
+                            const bool exit_on_simpleclick) const {
+      unsigned int oldw = 0, oldh = 0, _XYZ[3] = { 0 }, key = 0;
+      int x0 = 0, y0 = 0, z0 = 0, x1 = width()-1, y1 = height()-1, z1 = depth()-1;
+
+      if (!disp) {
+        disp.assign(cimg_fitscreen(_width,_height,_depth),title?title:0,1);
+        if (!title) disp.set_title("CImg<%s> (%ux%ux%ux%u)",pixel_type(),_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+        else disp.set_title("%s",title);
+      } else if (title) disp.set_title("%s",title);
+      disp.show().flush();
+
+      const CImg<char> dtitle = CImg<char>::string(disp.title());
+      if (display_info) print(dtitle);
+
+      CImg<T> zoom;
+      for (bool reset_view = true, resize_disp = false, is_first_select = true; !key && !disp.is_closed(); ) {
+        if (reset_view) {
+          if (XYZ) { _XYZ[0] = XYZ[0]; _XYZ[1] = XYZ[1]; _XYZ[2] = XYZ[2]; }
+          else { _XYZ[0] = (x0 + x1)/2; _XYZ[1] = (y0 + y1)/2; _XYZ[2] = (z0 + z1)/2; }
+          x0 = 0; y0 = 0; z0 = 0; x1 = width()-1; y1 = height()-1; z1 = depth()-1;
+          oldw = disp.width(); oldh = disp.height();
+          reset_view = false;
+        }
+        if (!x0 && !y0 && !z0 && x1==width()-1 && y1==height()-1 && z1==depth()-1) {
+          if (is_empty()) zoom.assign(1,1,1,1,0); else zoom.assign();
+        } else zoom = get_crop(x0,y0,z0,x1,y1,z1);
+
+        const unsigned int
+          dx = 1 + x1 - x0, dy = 1 + y1 - y0, dz = 1 + z1 - z0,
+          tw = dx + (dz>1?dz:0), th = dy + (dz>1?dz:0);
+        if (!is_empty() && !disp.is_fullscreen() && resize_disp) {
+          const unsigned int
+            ttw = tw*disp.width()/oldw, tth = th*disp.height()/oldh,
+            dM = cimg::max(ttw,tth), diM = (unsigned int)cimg::max(disp.width(),disp.height()),
+            imgw = cimg::max(16U,ttw*diM/dM), imgh = cimg::max(16U,tth*diM/dM);
+          disp.set_fullscreen(false).resize(cimg_fitscreen(imgw,imgh,1),false);
+          resize_disp = false;
+        }
+        oldw = tw; oldh = th;
+
+        bool
+          go_up = false, go_down = false, go_left = false, go_right = false,
+          go_inc = false, go_dec = false, go_in = false, go_out = false,
+          go_in_center = false;
+        const CImg<T>& visu = zoom?zoom:*this;
+
+        disp.set_title("%s",dtitle._data);
+        if (_width>1 && visu._width==1) disp.set_title("%s | x=%u",disp._title,x0);
+        if (_height>1 && visu._height==1) disp.set_title("%s | y=%u",disp._title,y0);
+        if (_depth>1 && visu._depth==1) disp.set_title("%s | z=%u",disp._title,z0);
+
+        if (!is_first_select) { _XYZ[0] = (x1-x0)/2; _XYZ[1] = (y1-y0)/2; _XYZ[2] = (z1-z0)/2; }
+        const CImg<intT> selection = visu._get_select(disp,0,2,_XYZ,x0,y0,z0,is_first_select,_depth>1);
+        is_first_select = false;
+
+        if (disp.wheel()) {
+          if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            go_out = !(go_in = disp.wheel()>0); go_in_center = false;
+          } else if (disp.is_keySHIFTLEFT() || disp.is_keySHIFTRIGHT()) { go_left = !(go_right = disp.wheel()>0); }
+          else if (disp.is_keyALT() || disp.is_keyALTGR() || _depth==1) { go_down = !(go_up = disp.wheel()>0); }
+          disp.set_wheel();
+        }
+
+        const int
+          sx0 = selection(0), sy0 = selection(1), sz0 = selection(2),
+          sx1 = selection(3), sy1 = selection(4), sz1 = selection(5);
+        if (sx0>=0 && sy0>=0 && sz0>=0 && sx1>=0 && sy1>=0 && sz1>=0) {
+          x1 = x0 + sx1; y1 = y0 + sy1; z1 = z0 + sz1;
+          x0+=sx0; y0+=sy0; z0+=sz0;
+          if (sx0==sx1 && sy0==sy1 && sz0==sz1) {
+            if (exit_on_simpleclick && (!zoom || is_empty())) break; else reset_view = true;
+          }
+          resize_disp = true;
+        } else switch (key = disp.key()) {
+#if cimg_OS!=2
+          case cimg::keyCTRLRIGHT : case cimg::keySHIFTRIGHT :
+#endif
+          case 0 : case cimg::keyCTRLLEFT : case cimg::keyPAD5 : case cimg::keySHIFTLEFT :
+#if cimg_OS!=2
+          case cimg::keyALTGR :
+#endif
+          case cimg::keyALT : key = 0; break;
+          case cimg::keyP : if (visu._depth>1 && (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT())) {
+              // Special mode: play stack of frames
+              const unsigned int
+                w1 = visu._width*disp.width()/(visu._width+(visu._depth>1?visu._depth:0)),
+                h1 = visu._height*disp.height()/(visu._height+(visu._depth>1?visu._depth:0));
+              float frame_timing = 5;
+              bool is_stopped = false;
+              disp.set_key(key,false).set_wheel().resize(cimg_fitscreen(w1,h1,1),false); key = 0;
+              for (unsigned int timer = 0; !key && !disp.is_closed() && !disp.button(); ) {
+                if (disp.is_resized()) disp.resize(false);
+                if (!timer) {
+                  visu.get_slice((int)_XYZ[2]).display(disp.set_title("%s | z=%d",dtitle.data(),_XYZ[2]));
+                  (++_XYZ[2])%=visu._depth;
+                }
+                if (!is_stopped) { if (++timer>(unsigned int)frame_timing) timer = 0; } else timer = ~0U;
+                if (disp.wheel()) { frame_timing-=disp.wheel()/3.0f; disp.set_wheel(); }
+                switch (key = disp.key()) {
+#if cimg_OS!=2
+                case cimg::keyCTRLRIGHT :
+#endif
+                case cimg::keyCTRLLEFT : key = 0; break;
+                case cimg::keyPAGEUP : frame_timing-=0.3f; key = 0; break;
+                case cimg::keyPAGEDOWN : frame_timing+=0.3f; key = 0; break;
+                case cimg::keySPACE : is_stopped = !is_stopped; disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; break;
+                case cimg::keyARROWLEFT : case cimg::keyARROWUP : is_stopped = true; timer = 0; key = 0; break;
+                case cimg::keyARROWRIGHT : case cimg::keyARROWDOWN : is_stopped = true;
+                  (_XYZ[2]+=visu._depth-2)%=visu._depth; timer = 0; key = 0; break;
+                case cimg::keyD : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+                    disp.set_fullscreen(false).
+                      resize(CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(3*disp.width()/2,3*disp.height()/2,1,128,-100,false),
+                             CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(3*disp.width()/2,3*disp.height()/2,1,128,-100,true),false);
+                    disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
+                  } break;
+                case cimg::keyC : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+                    disp.set_fullscreen(false).
+                      resize(cimg_fitscreen(2*disp.width()/3,2*disp.height()/3,1),false).set_key(key,false); key = 0;
+                  } break;
+                case cimg::keyR : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+                    disp.set_fullscreen(false).
+                      resize(cimg_fitscreen(_width,_height,_depth),false).set_key(key,false); key = 0;
+                  } break;
+                case cimg::keyF : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+                    disp.resize(disp.screen_width(),disp.screen_height(),false).
+                      toggle_fullscreen().set_key(key,false); key = 0;
+                  } break;
+                }
+                frame_timing = frame_timing<1?1:(frame_timing>39?39:frame_timing);
+                disp.wait(20);
+              }
+              const unsigned int
+                w2 = (visu._width + (visu._depth>1?visu._depth:0))*disp.width()/visu._width,
+                h2 = (visu._height + (visu._depth>1?visu._depth:0))*disp.height()/visu._height;
+              disp.resize(cimg_fitscreen(w2,h2,1),false).set_title(dtitle.data()).set_key().set_button().set_wheel();
+              key = 0;
+            } break;
+          case cimg::keyHOME : reset_view = resize_disp = true; key = 0; break;
+          case cimg::keyPADADD : go_in = true; go_in_center = true; key = 0; break;
+          case cimg::keyPADSUB : go_out = true; key = 0; break;
+          case cimg::keyARROWLEFT : case cimg::keyPAD4: go_left = true; key = 0; break;
+          case cimg::keyARROWRIGHT : case cimg::keyPAD6: go_right = true; key = 0; break;
+          case cimg::keyARROWUP : case cimg::keyPAD8: go_up = true; key = 0; break;
+          case cimg::keyARROWDOWN : case cimg::keyPAD2: go_down = true; key = 0; break;
+          case cimg::keyPAD7 : go_up = go_left = true; key = 0; break;
+          case cimg::keyPAD9 : go_up = go_right = true; key = 0; break;
+          case cimg::keyPAD1 : go_down = go_left = true; key = 0; break;
+          case cimg::keyPAD3 : go_down = go_right = true; key = 0; break;
+          case cimg::keyPAGEUP : go_inc = true; key = 0; break;
+          case cimg::keyPAGEDOWN : go_dec = true; key = 0; break;
+          }
+        if (go_in) {
+          const int
+            mx = go_in_center?disp.width()/2:disp.mouse_x(),
+            my = go_in_center?disp.height()/2:disp.mouse_y(),
+            mX = mx*(_width+(_depth>1?_depth:0))/disp.width(),
+            mY = my*(_height+(_depth>1?_depth:0))/disp.height();
+          int X = _XYZ[0], Y = _XYZ[1], Z = _XYZ[2];
+          if (mX<width() && mY<height())  {
+            X = x0 + mX*(1+x1-x0)/_width; Y = y0 + mY*(1+y1-y0)/_height; Z = _XYZ[2];
+          }
+          if (mX<width() && mY>=height()) {
+            X = x0 + mX*(1+x1-x0)/_width; Z = z0 + (mY-_height)*(1+z1-z0)/_depth; Y = _XYZ[1];
+          }
+          if (mX>=width() && mY<height()) {
+            Y = y0 + mY*(1+y1-y0)/_height; Z = z0 + (mX-_width)*(1+z1-z0)/_depth; X = _XYZ[0];
+          }
+          if (x1-x0>4) { x0 = X - 3*(X-x0)/4; x1 = X + 3*(x1-X)/4; }
+          if (y1-y0>4) { y0 = Y - 3*(Y-y0)/4; y1 = Y + 3*(y1-Y)/4; }
+          if (z1-z0>4) { z0 = Z - 3*(Z-z0)/4; z1 = Z + 3*(z1-Z)/4; }
+        }
+        if (go_out) {
+          const int
+            delta_x = (x1-x0)/8, delta_y = (y1-y0)/8, delta_z = (z1-z0)/8,
+            ndelta_x = delta_x?delta_x:(_width>1?1:0),
+            ndelta_y = delta_y?delta_y:(_height>1?1:0),
+            ndelta_z = delta_z?delta_z:(_depth>1?1:0);
+          x0-=ndelta_x; y0-=ndelta_y; z0-=ndelta_z;
+          x1+=ndelta_x; y1+=ndelta_y; z1+=ndelta_z;
+          if (x0<0) { x1-=x0; x0 = 0; if (x1>=width()) x1 = width() - 1; }
+          if (y0<0) { y1-=y0; y0 = 0; if (y1>=height()) y1 = height() - 1; }
+          if (z0<0) { z1-=z0; z0 = 0; if (z1>=depth()) z1 = depth() - 1; }
+          if (x1>=width()) { x0-=(x1-width()+1); x1 = width()-1; if (x0<0) x0 = 0; }
+          if (y1>=height()) { y0-=(y1-height()+1); y1 = height()-1; if (y0<0) y0 = 0; }
+          if (z1>=depth()) { z0-=(z1-depth()+1); z1 = depth()-1; if (z0<0) z0 = 0; }
+        }
+        if (go_left) {
+          const int delta = (x1-x0)/4, ndelta = delta?delta:(_width>1?1:0);
+          if (x0-ndelta>=0) { x0-=ndelta; x1-=ndelta; }
+          else { x1-=x0; x0 = 0; }
+        }
+        if (go_right) {
+          const int delta = (x1-x0)/4, ndelta = delta?delta:(_width>1?1:0);
+          if (x1+ndelta<width()) { x0+=ndelta; x1+=ndelta; }
+          else { x0+=(width()-1-x1); x1 = width()-1; }
+        }
+        if (go_up) {
+          const int delta = (y1-y0)/4, ndelta = delta?delta:(_height>1?1:0);
+          if (y0-ndelta>=0) { y0-=ndelta; y1-=ndelta; }
+          else { y1-=y0; y0 = 0; }
+        }
+        if (go_down) {
+          const int delta = (y1-y0)/4, ndelta = delta?delta:(_height>1?1:0);
+          if (y1+ndelta<height()) { y0+=ndelta; y1+=ndelta; }
+          else { y0+=(height()-1-y1); y1 = height()-1; }
+        }
+        if (go_inc) {
+          const int delta = (z1-z0)/4, ndelta = delta?delta:(_depth>1?1:0);
+          if (z0-ndelta>=0) { z0-=ndelta; z1-=ndelta; }
+          else { z1-=z0; z0 = 0; }
+        }
+        if (go_dec) {
+          const int delta = (z1-z0)/4, ndelta = delta?delta:(_depth>1?1:0);
+          if (z1+ndelta<depth()) { z0+=ndelta; z1+=ndelta; }
+          else { z0+=(depth()-1-z1); z1 = depth()-1; }
+        }
+        disp.wait(100);
+      }
+      disp.set_key(key);
+      if (XYZ) { XYZ[0] = _XYZ[0]; XYZ[1] = _XYZ[1]; XYZ[2] = _XYZ[2]; }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Display object 3d in an interactive window.
+    /**
+       \param disp Display window.
+       \param vertices Vertices data of the 3d object.
+       \param primitives Primitives data of the 3d object.
+       \param colors Colors data of the 3d object.
+       \param opacities Opacities data of the 3d object.
+       \param centering Tells if the 3d object must be centered for the display.
+       \param render_static Rendering mode.
+       \param render_motion Rendering mode, when the 3d object is moved.
+       \param is_double_sided Tells if the object primitives are double-sided.
+       \param focale Focale
+       \param light_x X-coordinate of the light source.
+       \param light_y Y-coordinate of the light source.
+       \param light_z Z-coordinate of the light source.
+       \param specular_lightness Amount of specular light.
+       \param specular_shininess Shininess of the object material.
+       \param display_axes Tells if the 3d axes are displayed.
+       \param pose_matrix Pointer to 12 values, defining a 3d pose (as a 4x3 matrix).
+    **/
+    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to>
+    const CImg<T>& display_object3d(CImgDisplay& disp,
+                                    const CImg<tp>& vertices,
+                                    const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                                    const CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                                    const to& opacities,
+                                    const bool centering=true,
+                                    const int render_static=4, const int render_motion=1,
+                                    const bool is_double_sided=true, const float focale=700,
+                                    const float light_x=0, const float light_y=0, const float light_z=-5e8f,
+                                    const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f,
+                                    const bool display_axes=true, float *const pose_matrix=0) const {
+      return _display_object3d(disp,0,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,centering,render_static,
+			       render_motion,is_double_sided,focale,
+                               light_x,light_y,light_z,specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
+			       display_axes,pose_matrix);
+    }
+
+    //! Display object 3d in an interactive window \simplification.
+    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to>
+    const CImg<T>& display_object3d(const char *const title,
+                                    const CImg<tp>& vertices,
+                                    const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                                    const CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                                    const to& opacities,
+                                    const bool centering=true,
+                                    const int render_static=4, const int render_motion=1,
+                                    const bool is_double_sided=true, const float focale=700,
+                                    const float light_x=0, const float light_y=0, const float light_z=-5e8f,
+                                    const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f,
+                                    const bool display_axes=true, float *const pose_matrix=0) const {
+      CImgDisplay disp;
+      return _display_object3d(disp,title,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,centering,render_static,
+			       render_motion,is_double_sided,focale,
+                               light_x,light_y,light_z,specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
+			       display_axes,pose_matrix);
+    }
+
+    //! Display object 3d in an interactive window \simplification.
+    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc>
+    const CImg<T>& display_object3d(CImgDisplay &disp,
+                                    const CImg<tp>& vertices,
+                                    const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                                    const CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                                    const bool centering=true,
+                                    const int render_static=4, const int render_motion=1,
+                                    const bool is_double_sided=true, const float focale=700,
+                                    const float light_x=0, const float light_y=0, const float light_z=-5e8f,
+                                    const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f,
+                                    const bool display_axes=true, float *const pose_matrix=0) const {
+      return display_object3d(disp,vertices,primitives,colors,CImgList<floatT>(),centering,
+			      render_static,render_motion,is_double_sided,focale,
+                              light_x,light_y,light_z,specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
+			      display_axes,pose_matrix);
+    }
+
+    //! Display object 3d in an interactive window \simplification.
+    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc>
+    const CImg<T>& display_object3d(const char *const title,
+				    const CImg<tp>& vertices,
+                                    const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                                    const CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                                    const bool centering=true,
+                                    const int render_static=4, const int render_motion=1,
+                                    const bool is_double_sided=true, const float focale=700,
+                                    const float light_x=0, const float light_y=0, const float light_z=-5e8f,
+                                    const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f,
+                                    const bool display_axes=true, float *const pose_matrix=0) const {
+      return display_object3d(title,vertices,primitives,colors,CImgList<floatT>(),centering,
+                              render_static,render_motion,is_double_sided,focale,
+                              light_x,light_y,light_z,specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
+                              display_axes,pose_matrix);
+    }
+
+    //! Display object 3d in an interactive window \simplification.
+    template<typename tp, typename tf>
+    const CImg<T>& display_object3d(CImgDisplay &disp,
+                                    const CImg<tp>& vertices,
+                                    const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                                    const bool centering=true,
+                                    const int render_static=4, const int render_motion=1,
+                                    const bool is_double_sided=true, const float focale=700,
+                                    const float light_x=0, const float light_y=0, const float light_z=-5e8f,
+                                    const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f,
+                                    const bool display_axes=true, float *const pose_matrix=0) const {
+      return display_object3d(disp,vertices,primitives,CImgList<T>(),centering,
+                              render_static,render_motion,is_double_sided,focale,
+                              light_x,light_y,light_z,specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
+                              display_axes,pose_matrix);
+    }
+
+
+    //! Display object 3d in an interactive window \simplification.
+    template<typename tp, typename tf>
+    const CImg<T>& display_object3d(const char *const title,
+				    const CImg<tp>& vertices,
+                                    const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+                                    const bool centering=true,
+                                    const int render_static=4, const int render_motion=1,
+                                    const bool is_double_sided=true, const float focale=700,
+                                    const float light_x=0, const float light_y=0, const float light_z=-5e8f,
+                                    const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f,
+                                    const bool display_axes=true, float *const pose_matrix=0) const {
+      return display_object3d(title,vertices,primitives,CImgList<T>(),centering,
+                              render_static,render_motion,is_double_sided,focale,
+                              light_x,light_y,light_z,specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
+                              display_axes,pose_matrix);
+    }
+
+    //! Display object 3d in an interactive window \simplification.
+    template<typename tp>
+    const CImg<T>& display_object3d(CImgDisplay &disp,
+                                    const CImg<tp>& vertices,
+                                    const bool centering=true,
+                                    const int render_static=4, const int render_motion=1,
+                                    const bool is_double_sided=true, const float focale=700,
+                                    const float light_x=0, const float light_y=0, const float light_z=-5e8f,
+                                    const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f,
+                                    const bool display_axes=true, float *const pose_matrix=0) const {
+      return display_object3d(disp,vertices,CImgList<uintT>(),centering,
+                              render_static,render_motion,is_double_sided,focale,
+                              light_x,light_y,light_z,specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
+                              display_axes,pose_matrix);
+    }
+
+    //! Display object 3d in an interactive window \simplification.
+    template<typename tp>
+    const CImg<T>& display_object3d(const char *const title,
+				    const CImg<tp>& vertices,
+                                    const bool centering=true,
+                                    const int render_static=4, const int render_motion=1,
+                                    const bool is_double_sided=true, const float focale=700,
+                                    const float light_x=0, const float light_y=0, const float light_z=-5e8f,
+                                    const float specular_lightness=0.2f, const float specular_shininess=0.1f,
+                                    const bool display_axes=true, float *const pose_matrix=0) const {
+      return display_object3d(title,vertices,CImgList<uintT>(),centering,
+                              render_static,render_motion,is_double_sided,focale,
+                              light_x,light_y,light_z,specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
+                              display_axes,pose_matrix);
+    }
+
+    template<typename tp, typename tf, typename tc, typename to>
+    const CImg<T>& _display_object3d(CImgDisplay& disp, const char *const title,
+				     const CImg<tp>& vertices,
+				     const CImgList<tf>& primitives,
+				     const CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                                     const to& opacities,
+				     const bool centering,
+				     const int render_static, const int render_motion,
+				     const bool is_double_sided, const float focale,
+                                     const float light_x, const float light_y, const float light_z,
+				     const float specular_lightness, const float specular_shininess,
+				     const bool display_axes, float *const pose_matrix) const {
+      typedef typename cimg::superset<tp,float>::type tpfloat;
+
+      // Check input arguments
+      if (is_empty()) {
+	if (disp) return CImg<T>(disp.width(),disp.height(),1,(colors && colors[0].size()==1)?1:3,0).
+		    _display_object3d(disp,title,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,centering,
+                                      render_static,render_motion,is_double_sided,focale,
+                                      light_x,light_y,light_z,specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
+                                      display_axes,pose_matrix);
+	else return CImg<T>(1,2,1,1,64,128).resize(cimg_fitscreen(CImgDisplay::screen_width()/2,
+                                                                  CImgDisplay::screen_height()/2,1),
+                                                   1,(colors && colors[0].size()==1)?1:3,3).
+               _display_object3d(disp,title,vertices,primitives,colors,opacities,centering,
+				 render_static,render_motion,is_double_sided,focale,
+                                 light_x,light_y,light_z,specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
+				 display_axes,pose_matrix);
+      } else { if (disp) disp.resize(*this,false); }
+      char error_message[1024] = { 0 };
+      if (!vertices.is_object3d(primitives,colors,opacities,true,error_message))
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "display_object3d(): Invalid specified 3d object (%u,%u) (%s).",
+                                    cimg_instance,vertices._width,primitives._width,error_message);
+      if (vertices._width && !primitives) {
+        CImgList<tf> nprimitives(vertices._width,1,1,1,1);
+        cimglist_for(nprimitives,l) nprimitives(l,0) = l;
+        return _display_object3d(disp,title,vertices,nprimitives,colors,opacities,centering,
+				 render_static,render_motion,is_double_sided,focale,
+                                 light_x,light_y,light_z,specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
+				 display_axes,pose_matrix);
+      }
+      if (!disp) {
+	disp.assign(cimg_fitscreen(_width,_height,_depth),title?title:0,3);
+        if (!title) disp.set_title("CImg<%s> (%u vertices, %u primitives)",
+                                   pixel_type(),vertices._width,primitives._width);
+      } else if (title) disp.set_title("%s",title);
+
+      // Init 3d objects and compute object statistics
+      CImg<floatT>
+        pose,
+        rotated_vertices(vertices._width,3),
+        bbox_vertices, rotated_bbox_vertices,
+        axes_vertices, rotated_axes_vertices,
+        bbox_opacities, axes_opacities;
+      CImgList<uintT> bbox_primitives, axes_primitives;
+      CImgList<tf> reverse_primitives;
+      CImgList<T> bbox_colors, bbox_colors2, axes_colors;
+      unsigned int ns_width = 0, ns_height = 0;
+      int _is_double_sided = (int)is_double_sided;
+      bool ndisplay_axes = display_axes;
+      const CImg<T>
+        background_color(1,1,1,_spectrum,0),
+        foreground_color(1,1,1,_spectrum,255);
+      float
+        Xoff = 0, Yoff = 0, Zoff = 0, sprite_scale = 1,
+        xm = 0, xM = vertices?vertices.get_shared_row(0).max_min(xm):0,
+        ym = 0, yM = vertices?vertices.get_shared_row(1).max_min(ym):0,
+        zm = 0, zM = vertices?vertices.get_shared_row(2).max_min(zm):0;
+      const float delta = cimg::max(xM-xm,yM-ym,zM-zm);
+
+      rotated_bbox_vertices = bbox_vertices.assign(8,3,1,1,
+                                                   xm,xM,xM,xm,xm,xM,xM,xm,
+                                                   ym,ym,yM,yM,ym,ym,yM,yM,
+                                                   zm,zm,zm,zm,zM,zM,zM,zM);
+      bbox_primitives.assign(6,1,4,1,1, 0,3,2,1, 4,5,6,7, 1,2,6,5, 0,4,7,3, 0,1,5,4, 2,3,7,6);
+      bbox_colors.assign(6,_spectrum,1,1,1,background_color[0]);
+      bbox_colors2.assign(6,_spectrum,1,1,1,foreground_color[0]);
+      bbox_opacities.assign(bbox_colors._width,1,1,1,0.3f);
+
+      rotated_axes_vertices = axes_vertices.assign(7,3,1,1,
+                                                   0,20,0,0,22,-6,-6,
+                                                   0,0,20,0,-6,22,-6,
+                                                   0,0,0,20,0,0,22);
+      axes_opacities.assign(3,1,1,1,1);
+      axes_colors.assign(3,_spectrum,1,1,1,foreground_color[0]);
+      axes_primitives.assign(3,1,2,1,1, 0,1, 0,2, 0,3);
+
+      // Begin user interaction loop
+      CImg<T> visu0(*this), visu;
+      CImg<tpfloat> zbuffer(visu0.width(),visu0.height(),1,1,0);
+      bool init_pose = true, clicked = false, redraw = true;
+      unsigned int key = 0;
+      int
+        x0 = 0, y0 = 0, x1 = 0, y1 = 0,
+        nrender_static = render_static,
+        nrender_motion = render_motion;
+      disp.show().flush();
+
+      while (!disp.is_closed() && !key) {
+
+        // Init object pose
+        if (init_pose) {
+          const float
+            ratio = delta>0?(2.0f*cimg::min(disp.width(),disp.height())/(3.0f*delta)):1,
+            dx = (xM + xm)/2, dy = (yM + ym)/2, dz = (zM + zm)/2;
+          if (centering)
+            CImg<floatT>(4,3,1,1, ratio,0.,0.,-ratio*dx, 0.,ratio,0.,-ratio*dy, 0.,0.,ratio,-ratio*dz).move_to(pose);
+          else CImg<floatT>(4,3,1,1, 1,0,0,0, 0,1,0,0, 0,0,1,0).move_to(pose);
+          if (pose_matrix) {
+            CImg<floatT> pose0(pose_matrix,4,3,1,1,false);
+            pose0.resize(4,4,1,1,0); pose.resize(4,4,1,1,0);
+            pose0(3,3) = pose(3,3) = 1;
+            (pose0*pose).get_crop(0,0,3,2).move_to(pose);
+            Xoff = pose_matrix[12]; Yoff = pose_matrix[13]; Zoff = pose_matrix[14]; sprite_scale = pose_matrix[15];
+          } else { Xoff = Yoff = Zoff = 0; sprite_scale = 1; }
+          init_pose = false;
+          redraw = true;
+        }
+
+        // Rotate and draw 3d object
+        if (redraw) {
+          const float
+            r00 = pose(0,0), r10 = pose(1,0), r20 = pose(2,0), r30 = pose(3,0),
+            r01 = pose(0,1), r11 = pose(1,1), r21 = pose(2,1), r31 = pose(3,1),
+            r02 = pose(0,2), r12 = pose(1,2), r22 = pose(2,2), r32 = pose(3,2);
+          if ((clicked && nrender_motion>=0) || (!clicked && nrender_static>=0))
+            cimg_forX(vertices,l) {
+              const float x = (float)vertices(l,0), y = (float)vertices(l,1), z = (float)vertices(l,2);
+              rotated_vertices(l,0) = r00*x + r10*y + r20*z + r30;
+              rotated_vertices(l,1) = r01*x + r11*y + r21*z + r31;
+              rotated_vertices(l,2) = r02*x + r12*y + r22*z + r32;
+            }
+          else cimg_forX(bbox_vertices,l) {
+              const float x = bbox_vertices(l,0), y = bbox_vertices(l,1), z = bbox_vertices(l,2);
+              rotated_bbox_vertices(l,0) = r00*x + r10*y + r20*z + r30;
+              rotated_bbox_vertices(l,1) = r01*x + r11*y + r21*z + r31;
+              rotated_bbox_vertices(l,2) = r02*x + r12*y + r22*z + r32;
+            }
+
+          // Draw objects
+#ifdef cimg_use_openmp
+          const bool render_with_zbuffer = true;
+#else
+          const bool render_with_zbuffer = !clicked && nrender_static>0;
+#endif
+          visu = visu0;
+          if ((clicked && nrender_motion<0) || (!clicked && nrender_static<0))
+            visu.draw_object3d(Xoff + visu._width/2.0f,Yoff + visu._height/2.0f,Zoff,
+                               rotated_bbox_vertices,bbox_primitives,bbox_colors,bbox_opacities,2,false,focale).
+              draw_object3d(Xoff + visu._width/2.0f,Yoff + visu._height/2.0f,Zoff,
+                            rotated_bbox_vertices,bbox_primitives,bbox_colors2,1,false,focale);
+          else visu._draw_object3d((void*)0,render_with_zbuffer?zbuffer.fill(0):CImg<tpfloat>::empty(),
+                                   Xoff + visu._width/2.0f,Yoff + visu._height/2.0f,Zoff,
+                                   rotated_vertices,reverse_primitives?reverse_primitives:primitives,
+                                   colors,opacities,clicked?nrender_motion:nrender_static,_is_double_sided==1,focale,
+                                   width()/2.0f+light_x,height()/2.0f+light_y,light_z+Zoff,
+                                   specular_lightness,specular_shininess,sprite_scale);
+          // Draw axes
+          if (ndisplay_axes) {
+            const float
+              n = (float)std::sqrt(1e-8 + r00*r00 + r01*r01 + r02*r02),
+              _r00 = r00/n, _r10 = r10/n, _r20 = r20/n,
+              _r01 = r01/n, _r11 = r11/n, _r21 = r21/n,
+              _r02 = r01/n, _r12 = r12/n, _r22 = r22/n,
+              Xaxes = 25, Yaxes = visu._height - 38.0f;
+            cimg_forX(axes_vertices,l) {
+              const float
+                x = axes_vertices(l,0),
+                y = axes_vertices(l,1),
+                z = axes_vertices(l,2);
+              rotated_axes_vertices(l,0) = _r00*x + _r10*y + _r20*z;
+              rotated_axes_vertices(l,1) = _r01*x + _r11*y + _r21*z;
+              rotated_axes_vertices(l,2) = _r02*x + _r12*y + _r22*z;
+            }
+            axes_opacities(0,0) = (rotated_axes_vertices(1,2)>0)?0.5f:1.0f;
+            axes_opacities(1,0) = (rotated_axes_vertices(2,2)>0)?0.5f:1.0f;
+            axes_opacities(2,0) = (rotated_axes_vertices(3,2)>0)?0.5f:1.0f;
+            visu.draw_object3d(Xaxes,Yaxes,0,rotated_axes_vertices,axes_primitives,
+                               axes_colors,axes_opacities,1,false,focale).
+              draw_text((int)(Xaxes+rotated_axes_vertices(4,0)),
+                        (int)(Yaxes+rotated_axes_vertices(4,1)),
+                        "X",axes_colors[0]._data,0,axes_opacities(0,0),13).
+              draw_text((int)(Xaxes+rotated_axes_vertices(5,0)),
+                        (int)(Yaxes+rotated_axes_vertices(5,1)),
+                        "Y",axes_colors[1]._data,0,axes_opacities(1,0),13).
+              draw_text((int)(Xaxes+rotated_axes_vertices(6,0)),
+                        (int)(Yaxes+rotated_axes_vertices(6,1)),
+                        "Z",axes_colors[2]._data,0,axes_opacities(2,0),13);
+          }
+          visu.display(disp);
+          if (!clicked || nrender_motion==nrender_static) redraw = false;
+        }
+
+        // Handle user interaction
+        disp.wait();
+        if ((disp.button() || disp.wheel()) && disp.mouse_x()>=0 && disp.mouse_y()>=0) {
+          redraw = true;
+          if (!clicked) { x0 = x1 = disp.mouse_x(); y0 = y1 = disp.mouse_y(); if (!disp.wheel()) clicked = true; }
+          else { x1 = disp.mouse_x(); y1 = disp.mouse_y(); }
+          if (disp.button()&1) {
+            const float
+              R = 0.45f*cimg::min(disp.width(),disp.height()),
+              R2 = R*R,
+              u0 = (float)(x0-disp.width()/2),
+              v0 = (float)(y0-disp.height()/2),
+              u1 = (float)(x1-disp.width()/2),
+              v1 = (float)(y1-disp.height()/2),
+              n0 = (float)std::sqrt(u0*u0+v0*v0),
+              n1 = (float)std::sqrt(u1*u1+v1*v1),
+              nu0 = n0>R?(u0*R/n0):u0,
+              nv0 = n0>R?(v0*R/n0):v0,
+              nw0 = (float)std::sqrt(cimg::max(0,R2-nu0*nu0-nv0*nv0)),
+              nu1 = n1>R?(u1*R/n1):u1,
+              nv1 = n1>R?(v1*R/n1):v1,
+              nw1 = (float)std::sqrt(cimg::max(0,R2-nu1*nu1-nv1*nv1)),
+              u = nv0*nw1-nw0*nv1,
+              v = nw0*nu1-nu0*nw1,
+              w = nv0*nu1-nu0*nv1,
+              n = (float)std::sqrt(u*u+v*v+w*w),
+              alpha = (float)std::asin(n/R2);
+            (CImg<floatT>::rotation_matrix(u,v,w,alpha)*pose).move_to(pose);
+            x0 = x1; y0 = y1;
+          }
+          if (disp.button()&2) {
+            if (focale>0) Zoff-=(y0-y1)*focale/400;
+            else { const float s = std::exp((y0-y1)/400.0f); pose*=s; sprite_scale*=s; }
+            x0 = x1; y0 = y1;
+          }
+          if (disp.wheel()) {
+            if (focale>0) Zoff-=disp.wheel()*focale/20;
+            else { const float s = std::exp(disp.wheel()/20.0f); pose*=s; sprite_scale*=s; }
+            disp.set_wheel();
+          }
+          if (disp.button()&4) { Xoff+=(x1-x0); Yoff+=(y1-y0); x0 = x1; y0 = y1; }
+          if ((disp.button()&1) && (disp.button()&2)) {
+            init_pose = true; disp.set_button(); x0 = x1; y0 = y1;
+            pose = CImg<floatT>(4,3,1,1, 1,0,0,0, 0,1,0,0, 0,0,1,0);
+          }
+        } else if (clicked) { x0 = x1; y0 = y1; clicked = false; redraw = true; }
+
+        switch (key = disp.key()) {
+#if cimg_OS!=2
+        case cimg::keyCTRLRIGHT :
+#endif
+        case 0 : case cimg::keyCTRLLEFT : key = 0; break;
+        case cimg::keyD: if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            disp.set_fullscreen(false).
+              resize(CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(3*disp.width()/2,3*disp.height()/2,1,128,-100,false),
+                     CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(3*disp.width()/2,3*disp.height()/2,1,128,-100,true),false).
+              _is_resized = true;
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyC : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            disp.set_fullscreen(false).
+              resize(cimg_fitscreen(2*disp.width()/3,2*disp.height()/3,1),false)._is_resized = true;
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyR : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            disp.set_fullscreen(false).resize(cimg_fitscreen(_width,_height,_depth),false)._is_resized = true;
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyF : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            if (!ns_width || !ns_height ||
+                ns_width>(unsigned int)disp.screen_width() || ns_height>(unsigned int)disp.screen_height()) {
+              ns_width = disp.screen_width()*3U/4;
+              ns_height = disp.screen_height()*3U/4;
+            }
+            if (disp.is_fullscreen()) disp.resize(ns_width,ns_height,false);
+            else {
+              ns_width = (unsigned int)disp.width(); ns_height = disp.height();
+              disp.resize(disp.screen_width(),disp.screen_height(),false);
+            }
+            disp.toggle_fullscreen()._is_resized = true;
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyT : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            // Switch single/double-sided primitives.
+            if (--_is_double_sided==-2) _is_double_sided = 1;
+            if (_is_double_sided>=0) reverse_primitives.assign();
+            else primitives.get_reverse_object3d().move_to(reverse_primitives);
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; redraw = true;
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyZ : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Enable/disable Z-buffer
+            if (zbuffer) zbuffer.assign();
+            else zbuffer.assign(visu0.width(),visu0.height(),1,1,0);
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; redraw = true;
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyA : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Show/hide 3d axes.
+            ndisplay_axes = !ndisplay_axes;
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; redraw = true;
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyF1 : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Set rendering mode to points.
+            nrender_motion = (nrender_static==0 && nrender_motion!=0)?0:-1; nrender_static = 0;
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; redraw = true;
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyF2 : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Set rendering mode to lines.
+            nrender_motion = (nrender_static==1 && nrender_motion!=1)?1:-1; nrender_static = 1;
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; redraw = true;
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyF3 : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Set rendering mode to flat.
+            nrender_motion = (nrender_static==2 && nrender_motion!=2)?2:-1; nrender_static = 2;
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; redraw = true;
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyF4 : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Set rendering mode to flat-shaded.
+            nrender_motion = (nrender_static==3 && nrender_motion!=3)?3:-1; nrender_static = 3;
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; redraw = true;
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyF5 : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            // Set rendering mode to gouraud-shaded.
+            nrender_motion = (nrender_static==4 && nrender_motion!=4)?4:-1; nrender_static = 4;
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; redraw = true;
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyF6 : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Set rendering mode to phong-shaded.
+            nrender_motion = (nrender_static==5 && nrender_motion!=5)?5:-1; nrender_static = 5;
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; redraw = true;
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyS : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Save snapshot
+            static unsigned int snap_number = 0;
+            char filename[32] = { 0 };
+            std::FILE *file;
+            do {
+              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.bmp",snap_number++);
+              if ((file=std::fopen(filename,"r"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+            } while (file);
+            (+visu).draw_text(0,0," Saving snapshot... ",
+                              foreground_color._data,background_color._data,0.7f,13).display(disp);
+            visu.save(filename);
+            (+visu).draw_text(0,0," Snapshot '%s' saved. ",
+                              foreground_color._data,background_color._data,0.7f,13,filename).display(disp);
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyG : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Save object as a .off file
+            static unsigned int snap_number = 0;
+            char filename[32] = { 0 };
+            std::FILE *file;
+            do {
+              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.off",snap_number++);
+              if ((file=std::fopen(filename,"r"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+            } while (file);
+            (+visu).draw_text(0,0," Saving object... ",
+                              foreground_color._data,background_color._data,0.7f,13).display(disp);
+            vertices.save_off(reverse_primitives?reverse_primitives:primitives,colors,filename);
+            (+visu).draw_text(0,0," Object '%s' saved. ",
+                              foreground_color._data,background_color._data,0.7f,13,filename).display(disp);
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyO : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Save object as a .cimg file
+            static unsigned int snap_number = 0;
+            char filename[32] = { 0 };
+            std::FILE *file;
+            do {
+#ifdef cimg_use_zlib
+              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.cimgz",snap_number++);
+#else
+              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.cimg",snap_number++);
+#endif
+              if ((file=std::fopen(filename,"r"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+            } while (file);
+            (+visu).draw_text(0,0," Saving object... ",
+                              foreground_color._data,background_color._data,0.7f,13).display(disp);
+            vertices.get_object3dtoCImg3d(reverse_primitives?reverse_primitives:primitives,colors,opacities).
+              save(filename);
+            (+visu).draw_text(0,0," Object '%s' saved. ",
+                              foreground_color._data,background_color._data,0.7f,13,filename).display(disp);
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
+          } break;
+#ifdef cimg_use_board
+        case cimg::keyP : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Save object as a .EPS file
+            static unsigned int snap_number = 0;
+            char filename[32] = { 0 };
+            std::FILE *file;
+            do {
+              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.eps",snap_number++);
+              if ((file=std::fopen(filename,"r"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+            } while (file);
+            (+visu).draw_text(0,0," Saving EPS snapshot... ",
+                              foreground_color._data,background_color._data,0.7f,13).display(disp);
+            LibBoard::Board board;
+            (+visu)._draw_object3d(&board,zbuffer.fill(0),
+                                   Xoff + visu._width/2.0f,Yoff + visu._height/2.0f,Zoff,
+                                   rotated_vertices,reverse_primitives?reverse_primitives:primitives,
+                                   colors,opacities,clicked?nrender_motion:nrender_static,
+                                   _is_double_sided==1,focale,
+                                   visu.width()/2.0f+light_x,visu.height()/2.0f+light_y,light_z+Zoff,
+                                   specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
+                                   sprite_scale);
+            board.saveEPS(filename);
+            (+visu).draw_text(0,0," Object '%s' saved. ",
+                              foreground_color._data,background_color._data,0.7f,13,filename).display(disp);
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyV : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) { // Save object as a .SVG file
+            static unsigned int snap_number = 0;
+            char filename[32] = { 0 };
+            std::FILE *file;
+            do {
+              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.svg",snap_number++);
+              if ((file=std::fopen(filename,"r"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+            } while (file);
+            (+visu).draw_text(0,0," Saving SVG snapshot... ",
+                              foreground_color._data,background_color._data,0.7f,13).display(disp);
+            LibBoard::Board board;
+            (+visu)._draw_object3d(&board,zbuffer.fill(0),
+                                   Xoff + visu._width/2.0f,Yoff + visu._height/2.0f,Zoff,
+                                   rotated_vertices,reverse_primitives?reverse_primitives:primitives,
+                                   colors,opacities,clicked?nrender_motion:nrender_static,
+                                   _is_double_sided==1,focale,
+                                   visu.width()/2.0f+light_x,visu.height()/2.0f+light_y,light_z+Zoff,
+                                   specular_lightness,specular_shininess,
+                                   sprite_scale);
+            board.saveSVG(filename);
+            (+visu).draw_text(0,0," Object '%s' saved. ",
+                              foreground_color._data,background_color._data,0.7f,13,filename).display(disp);
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0;
+          } break;
+#endif
+        }
+        if (disp.is_resized()) {
+          disp.resize(false); visu0 = get_resize(disp,1);
+          if (zbuffer) zbuffer.assign(disp.width(),disp.height());
+          redraw = true;
+        }
+      }
+      if (pose_matrix) {
+        std::memcpy(pose_matrix,pose._data,12*sizeof(float));
+        pose_matrix[12] = Xoff; pose_matrix[13] = Yoff; pose_matrix[14] = Zoff; pose_matrix[15] = sprite_scale;
+      }
+      disp.set_button().set_key(key);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Display 1d graph in an interactive window.
+    /**
+       \param disp Display window.
+       \param plot_type Plot type. Can be <tt>{ 0=points | 1=segments | 2=splines | 3=bars }</tt>.
+       \param vertex_type Vertex type.
+       \param labelx Title for the horizontal axis, as a C-string.
+       \param xmin Minimum value along the X-axis.
+       \param xmax Maximum value along the X-axis.
+       \param labely Title for the vertical axis, as a C-string.
+       \param ymin Minimum value along the X-axis.
+       \param ymax Maximum value along the X-axis.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& display_graph(CImgDisplay &disp,
+                                 const unsigned int plot_type=1, const unsigned int vertex_type=1,
+                                 const char *const labelx=0, const double xmin=0, const double xmax=0,
+                                 const char *const labely=0, const double ymin=0, const double ymax=0) const {
+      return _display_graph(disp,0,plot_type,vertex_type,labelx,xmin,xmax,labely,ymin,ymax);
+    }
+
+    //! Display 1d graph in an interactive window \overloading.
+    const CImg<T>& display_graph(const char *const title=0,
+                                 const unsigned int plot_type=1, const unsigned int vertex_type=1,
+                                 const char *const labelx=0, const double xmin=0, const double xmax=0,
+                                 const char *const labely=0, const double ymin=0, const double ymax=0) const {
+      CImgDisplay disp;
+      return _display_graph(disp,title,plot_type,vertex_type,labelx,xmin,xmax,labely,ymin,ymax);
+    }
+
+    const CImg<T>& _display_graph(CImgDisplay &disp, const char *const title=0,
+                                 const unsigned int plot_type=1, const unsigned int vertex_type=1,
+                                 const char *const labelx=0, const double xmin=0, const double xmax=0,
+                                 const char *const labely=0, const double ymin=0, const double ymax=0) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "display_graph(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (!disp) disp.assign(cimg_fitscreen(CImgDisplay::screen_width()/2,CImgDisplay::screen_height()/2,1),0,0).
+                   set_title(title?"%s":"CImg<%s>",title?title:pixel_type());
+      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)_width*_height*_depth, siz1 = cimg::max(1U,siz-1);
+      const unsigned int old_normalization = disp.normalization();
+      disp.show().flush()._normalization = 0;
+
+      double y0 = ymin, y1 = ymax, nxmin = xmin, nxmax = xmax;
+      if (nxmin==nxmax) { nxmin = 0; nxmax = siz1; }
+      int x0 = 0, x1 = width()*height()*depth() - 1, key = 0;
+
+      for (bool reset_view = true; !key && !disp.is_closed(); ) {
+        if (reset_view) { x0 = 0; x1 = width()*height()*depth()-1; y0 = ymin; y1 = ymax; reset_view = false; }
+        CImg<T> zoom(x1-x0+1,1,1,spectrum());
+        cimg_forC(*this,c) zoom.get_shared_channel(c) = CImg<T>(data(x0,0,0,c),x1-x0+1,1,1,1,true);
+        if (y0==y1) { y0 = zoom.min_max(y1); const double dy = y1 - y0; y0-=dy/20; y1+=dy/20; }
+        if (y0==y1) { --y0; ++y1; }
+
+        const CImg<intT> selection = zoom.get_select_graph(disp,plot_type,vertex_type,
+        					           labelx,
+                                                           nxmin + x0*(nxmax-nxmin)/siz1,
+                                                           nxmin + x1*(nxmax-nxmin)/siz1,
+                                                           labely,y0,y1);
+	const int mouse_x = disp.mouse_x(), mouse_y = disp.mouse_y();
+        if (selection[0]>=0) {
+          if (selection[2]<0) reset_view = true;
+          else {
+            x1 = x0 + selection[2]; x0+=selection[0];
+            if (selection[1]>=0 && selection[3]>=0) {
+              y0 = y1 - selection[3]*(y1-y0)/(disp.height()-32);
+              y1-=selection[1]*(y1-y0)/(disp.height()-32);
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          bool go_in = false, go_out = false, go_left = false, go_right = false, go_up = false, go_down = false;
+          switch (key = disp.key()) {
+          case cimg::keyHOME : reset_view = true; key = 0; disp.set_key(); break;
+          case cimg::keyPADADD : go_in = true; go_out = false; key = 0; disp.set_key(); break;
+          case cimg::keyPADSUB : go_out = true; go_in = false; key = 0; disp.set_key(); break;
+          case cimg::keyARROWLEFT : case cimg::keyPAD4 : go_left = true; go_right = false; key = 0; disp.set_key();
+            break;
+          case cimg::keyARROWRIGHT : case cimg::keyPAD6 : go_right = true; go_left = false; key = 0; disp.set_key();
+            break;
+          case cimg::keyARROWUP : case cimg::keyPAD8 : go_up = true; go_down = false; key = 0; disp.set_key(); break;
+          case cimg::keyARROWDOWN : case cimg::keyPAD2 : go_down = true; go_up = false; key = 0; disp.set_key(); break;
+          case cimg::keyPAD7 : go_left = true; go_up = true; key = 0; disp.set_key(); break;
+          case cimg::keyPAD9 : go_right = true; go_up = true; key = 0; disp.set_key(); break;
+          case cimg::keyPAD1 : go_left = true; go_down = true; key = 0; disp.set_key(); break;
+          case cimg::keyPAD3 : go_right = true; go_down = true; key = 0; disp.set_key(); break;
+          }
+          if (disp.wheel()) {
+            if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) go_out = !(go_in = disp.wheel()>0);
+            else if (disp.is_keySHIFTLEFT() || disp.is_keySHIFTRIGHT()) go_left = !(go_right = disp.wheel()>0);
+            else go_up = !(go_down = disp.wheel()<0);
+            key = 0;
+          }
+
+          if (go_in) {
+            const int
+              xsiz = x1 - x0,
+              mx = (mouse_x-16)*xsiz/(disp.width()-32),
+              cx = x0 + (mx<0?0:(mx>=xsiz?xsiz:mx));
+            if (x1-x0>4) {
+              x0 = cx - 7*(cx-x0)/8; x1 = cx + 7*(x1-cx)/8;
+              if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+                const double
+                  ysiz = y1 - y0,
+                  my = (mouse_y-16)*ysiz/(disp.height()-32),
+                  cy = y1 - (my<0?0:(my>=ysiz?ysiz:my));
+                y0 = cy - 7*(cy-y0)/8; y1 = cy + 7*(y1-cy)/8;
+              } else y0 = y1 = 0;
+            }
+          }
+          if (go_out) {
+            if (x0>0 || x1<(int)siz1) {
+              const int delta_x = (x1-x0)/8, ndelta_x = delta_x?delta_x:(siz>1?1:0);
+              const double ndelta_y = (y1-y0)/8;
+              x0-=ndelta_x; x1+=ndelta_x;
+              y0-=ndelta_y; y1+=ndelta_y;
+              if (x0<0) { x1-=x0; x0 = 0; if (x1>=(int)siz) x1 = (int)siz1; }
+              if (x1>=(int)siz) { x0-=(x1-siz1); x1 = (int)siz1; if (x0<0) x0 = 0; }
+            }
+          }
+          if (go_left) {
+            const int delta = (x1-x0)/5, ndelta = delta?delta:1;
+            if (x0-ndelta>=0) { x0-=ndelta; x1-=ndelta; }
+            else { x1-=x0; x0 = 0; }
+            go_left = false;
+          }
+          if (go_right) {
+            const int delta = (x1-x0)/5, ndelta = delta?delta:1;
+            if (x1+ndelta<(int)siz) { x0+=ndelta; x1+=ndelta; }
+            else { x0+=(siz1-x1); x1 = siz1; }
+            go_right = false;
+          }
+          if (go_up) {
+            const double delta = (y1-y0)/10, ndelta = delta?delta:1;
+            y0+=ndelta; y1+=ndelta;
+            go_up = false;
+          }
+          if (go_down) {
+            const double delta = (y1-y0)/10, ndelta = delta?delta:1;
+            y0-=ndelta; y1-=ndelta;
+            go_down = false;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      disp._normalization = old_normalization;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \param number When positive, represents an index added to the filename. Otherwise, no number is added.
+       \param digits Number of digits used for adding the number to the filename.
+       \note
+       - The used file format is defined by the file extension in the filename \p filename.
+       - Parameter \p number can be used to add a 6-digit number to the filename before saving.
+
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save(const char *const filename, const int number=-1, const unsigned int digits=6) const {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      // Do not test for empty instances, since .cimg format is able to manage empty instances.
+      const bool is_stdout = *filename=='-' && (!filename[1] || filename[1]=='.');
+      const char *const ext = cimg::split_filename(filename);
+      char nfilename[1024] = { 0 };
+      const char *const fn = is_stdout?filename:(number>=0)?cimg::number_filename(filename,number,digits,nfilename):
+        filename;
+
+#ifdef cimg_save_plugin
+      cimg_save_plugin(fn);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_save_plugin1
+      cimg_save_plugin1(fn);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_save_plugin2
+      cimg_save_plugin2(fn);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_save_plugin3
+      cimg_save_plugin3(fn);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_save_plugin4
+      cimg_save_plugin4(fn);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_save_plugin5
+      cimg_save_plugin5(fn);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_save_plugin6
+      cimg_save_plugin6(fn);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_save_plugin7
+      cimg_save_plugin7(fn);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimg_save_plugin8
+      cimg_save_plugin8(fn);
+#endif
+      // Ascii formats
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"asc")) return save_ascii(fn);
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"dlm") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"txt")) return save_dlm(fn);
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"cpp") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"hpp") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"h") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"c")) return save_cpp(fn);
+
+      // 2d binary formats
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"bmp")) return save_bmp(fn);
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"jpg") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"jpeg") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"jpe") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"jfif") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"jif")) return save_jpeg(fn);
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"rgb")) return save_rgb(fn);
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"rgba")) return save_rgba(fn);
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"png")) return save_png(fn);
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pgm") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ppm") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pnm")) return save_pnm(fn);
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pnk")) return save_pnk(fn);
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pfm")) return save_pfm(fn);
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"exr")) return save_exr(fn);
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"tif") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"tiff")) return save_tiff(fn);
+
+      // 3d binary formats
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"cimgz")) return save_cimg(fn,true);
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"cimg") || !*ext) return save_cimg(fn,false);
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"dcm")) return save_medcon_external(fn);
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"hdr") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"nii")) return save_analyze(fn);
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"inr")) return save_inr(fn);
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mnc")) return save_minc2(fn);
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"pan")) return save_pandore(fn);
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"raw")) return save_raw(fn);
+
+      // Archive files
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"gz")) return save_gzip_external(fn);
+
+      // Image sequences
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"yuv")) return save_yuv(fn,true);
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"avi") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mov") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"asf") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"divx") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"flv") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpg") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m1v") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m2v") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m4v") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mjp") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mp4") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mkv") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpe") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"movie") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogm") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogg") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogv") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"qt") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"rm") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"vob") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"wmv") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"xvid") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpeg")) return save_ffmpeg(fn);
+      return save_other(fn);
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as an ascii file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_ascii(const char *const filename) const {
+      return _save_ascii(0,filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as an ascii file \overloading.
+    const CImg<T>& save_ascii(std::FILE *const file) const {
+      return _save_ascii(file,0);
+    }
+
+    const CImg<T>& _save_ascii(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) const {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_ascii(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"w");
+      std::fprintf(nfile,"%u %u %u %u\n",_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+      const T* ptrs = _data;
+      cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+        cimg_forX(*this,x) std::fprintf(nfile,"%.16g ",(double)*(ptrs++));
+        std::fputc('\n',nfile);
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a .cpp source file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_cpp(const char *const filename) const {
+      return _save_cpp(0,filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a .cpp source file \overloading.
+    const CImg<T>& save_cpp(std::FILE *const file) const {
+      return _save_cpp(file,0);
+    }
+
+    const CImg<T>& _save_cpp(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) const {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_cpp(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"w");
+      char varname[1024] = { 0 };
+      if (filename) std::sscanf(cimg::basename(filename),"%1023[a-zA-Z0-9_]",varname);
+      if (!*varname) cimg_snprintf(varname,sizeof(varname),"unnamed");
+      std::fprintf(nfile,
+                   "/* Define image '%s' of size %ux%ux%ux%u and type '%s' */\n"
+                   "%s data_%s[] = { %s\n  ",
+                   varname,_width,_height,_depth,_spectrum,pixel_type(),pixel_type(),varname,
+                   is_empty()?"};":"");
+      if (!is_empty()) for (unsigned long off = 0, siz = size()-1; off<=siz; ++off) {
+        std::fprintf(nfile,cimg::type<T>::format(),cimg::type<T>::format((*this)[off]));
+        if (off==siz) std::fprintf(nfile," };\n");
+        else if (!((off+1)%16)) std::fprintf(nfile,",\n  ");
+        else std::fprintf(nfile,", ");
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a DLM file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_dlm(const char *const filename) const {
+      return _save_dlm(0,filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a DLM file \overloading.
+    const CImg<T>& save_dlm(std::FILE *const file) const {
+      return _save_dlm(file,0);
+    }
+
+    const CImg<T>& _save_dlm(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) const {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_dlm(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
+      if (_depth>1)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "save_dlm(): Instance is volumetric, values along Z will be unrolled in file '%s'.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      if (_spectrum>1)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "save_dlm(): Instance is multispectral, values along C will be unrolled in file '%s'.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"w");
+      const T* ptrs = _data;
+      cimg_forYZC(*this,y,z,c) {
+        cimg_forX(*this,x) std::fprintf(nfile,"%.16g%s",(double)*(ptrs++),(x==width()-1)?"":",");
+        std::fputc('\n',nfile);
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a BMP file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_bmp(const char *const filename) const {
+      return _save_bmp(0,filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a BMP file \overloading.
+    const CImg<T>& save_bmp(std::FILE *const file) const {
+      return _save_bmp(file,0);
+    }
+
+    const CImg<T>& _save_bmp(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) const {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_bmp(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
+      if (_depth>1)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "save_bmp(): Instance is volumetric, only the first slice will be saved in file '%s'.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      if (_spectrum>3)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "save_bmp(): Instance is multispectral, only the three first channels will be saved in file '%s'.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
+      unsigned char header[54] = { 0 }, align_buf[4] = { 0 };
+      const unsigned int
+        align = (4 - (3*_width)%4)%4,
+        buf_size = (3*_width + align)*height(),
+        file_size = 54 + buf_size;
+      header[0] = 'B'; header[1] = 'M';
+      header[0x02] = file_size&0xFF;
+      header[0x03] = (file_size>>8)&0xFF;
+      header[0x04] = (file_size>>16)&0xFF;
+      header[0x05] = (file_size>>24)&0xFF;
+      header[0x0A] = 0x36;
+      header[0x0E] = 0x28;
+      header[0x12] = _width&0xFF;
+      header[0x13] = (_width>>8)&0xFF;
+      header[0x14] = (_width>>16)&0xFF;
+      header[0x15] = (_width>>24)&0xFF;
+      header[0x16] = _height&0xFF;
+      header[0x17] = (_height>>8)&0xFF;
+      header[0x18] = (_height>>16)&0xFF;
+      header[0x19] = (_height>>24)&0xFF;
+      header[0x1A] = 1;
+      header[0x1B] = 0;
+      header[0x1C] = 24;
+      header[0x1D] = 0;
+      header[0x22] = buf_size&0xFF;
+      header[0x23] = (buf_size>>8)&0xFF;
+      header[0x24] = (buf_size>>16)&0xFF;
+      header[0x25] = (buf_size>>24)&0xFF;
+      header[0x27] = 0x1;
+      header[0x2B] = 0x1;
+      cimg::fwrite(header,54,nfile);
+
+      const T
+        *ptr_r = data(0,_height-1,0,0),
+        *ptr_g = (_spectrum>=2)?data(0,_height-1,0,1):0,
+        *ptr_b = (_spectrum>=3)?data(0,_height-1,0,2):0;
+
+      switch (_spectrum) {
+      case 1 : {
+        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)*(ptr_r++);
+            std::fputc(val,nfile); std::fputc(val,nfile); std::fputc(val,nfile);
+          }
+          cimg::fwrite(align_buf,align,nfile);
+          ptr_r-=2*_width;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 2 : {
+        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            std::fputc(0,nfile);
+            std::fputc((unsigned char)(*(ptr_g++)),nfile);
+            std::fputc((unsigned char)(*(ptr_r++)),nfile);
+          }
+          cimg::fwrite(align_buf,align,nfile);
+          ptr_r-=2*_width; ptr_g-=2*_width;
+        }
+      } break;
+      default : {
+        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            std::fputc((unsigned char)(*(ptr_b++)),nfile);
+            std::fputc((unsigned char)(*(ptr_g++)),nfile);
+            std::fputc((unsigned char)(*(ptr_r++)),nfile);
+          }
+          cimg::fwrite(align_buf,align,nfile);
+          ptr_r-=2*_width; ptr_g-=2*_width; ptr_b-=2*_width;
+        }
+      }
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a JPEG file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+      \param quality Image quality (in %)
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_jpeg(const char *const filename, const unsigned int quality=100) const {
+      return _save_jpeg(0,filename,quality);
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a JPEG file \overloading.
+    const CImg<T>& save_jpeg(std::FILE *const file, const unsigned int quality=100) const {
+      return _save_jpeg(file,0,quality);
+    }
+
+    const CImg<T>& _save_jpeg(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename, const unsigned int quality) const {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_jpeg(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
+      if (_depth>1)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "save_jpeg(): Instance is volumetric, only the first slice will be saved in file '%s'.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+#ifndef cimg_use_jpeg
+      if (!file) return save_other(filename,quality);
+      else throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                                 "save_jpeg(): Unable to save data in '(*FILE)' unless libjpeg is enabled.",
+                                 cimg_instance);
+#else
+      unsigned int dimbuf = 0;
+      J_COLOR_SPACE colortype = JCS_RGB;
+
+      switch(_spectrum) {
+      case 1 : dimbuf = 1; colortype = JCS_GRAYSCALE; break;
+      case 2 : dimbuf = 3; colortype = JCS_RGB; break;
+      case 3 : dimbuf = 3; colortype = JCS_RGB; break;
+      default : dimbuf = 4; colortype = JCS_CMYK; break;
+      }
+
+      // Call libjpeg functions
+      struct jpeg_compress_struct cinfo;
+      struct jpeg_error_mgr jerr;
+      cinfo.err = jpeg_std_error(&jerr);
+      jpeg_create_compress(&cinfo);
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
+      jpeg_stdio_dest(&cinfo,nfile);
+      cinfo.image_width = _width;
+      cinfo.image_height = _height;
+      cinfo.input_components = dimbuf;
+      cinfo.in_color_space = colortype;
+      jpeg_set_defaults(&cinfo);
+      jpeg_set_quality(&cinfo,quality<100?quality:100,TRUE);
+      jpeg_start_compress(&cinfo,TRUE);
+
+      JSAMPROW row_pointer[1];
+      CImg<ucharT> buffer((unsigned long)_width*dimbuf);
+
+      while (cinfo.next_scanline<cinfo.image_height) {
+        unsigned char *ptrd = buffer._data;
+
+        // Fill pixel buffer
+        switch (_spectrum) {
+        case 1 : { // Greyscale images
+          const T *ptr_g = data(0, cinfo.next_scanline);
+          for(unsigned int b = 0; b < cinfo.image_width; b++)
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_g++);
+        } break;
+        case 2 : { // RG images
+          const T *ptr_r = data(0,cinfo.next_scanline,0,0),
+            *ptr_g = data(0,cinfo.next_scanline,0,1);
+          for(unsigned int b = 0; b < cinfo.image_width; ++b) {
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_r++);
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_g++);
+            *(ptrd++) = 0;
+          }
+        } break;
+        case 3 : { // RGB images
+          const T *ptr_r = data(0,cinfo.next_scanline,0,0),
+            *ptr_g = data(0,cinfo.next_scanline,0,1),
+            *ptr_b = data(0,cinfo.next_scanline,0,2);
+          for(unsigned int b = 0; b < cinfo.image_width; ++b) {
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_r++);
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_g++);
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_b++);
+          }
+        } break;
+        default : { // CMYK images
+          const T *ptr_r = data(0,cinfo.next_scanline,0,0),
+            *ptr_g = data(0,cinfo.next_scanline,0,1),
+            *ptr_b = data(0,cinfo.next_scanline,0,2),
+            *ptr_a = data(0,cinfo.next_scanline,0,3);
+          for(unsigned int b = 0; b < cinfo.image_width; ++b) {
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_r++);
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_g++);
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_b++);
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_a++);
+          }
+        }
+        }
+        *row_pointer = buffer._data;
+        jpeg_write_scanlines(&cinfo,row_pointer,1);
+      }
+      jpeg_finish_compress(&cinfo);
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      jpeg_destroy_compress(&cinfo);
+      return *this;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    //! Save image, using built-in ImageMagick++ library.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+      \param bytes_per_pixel Force the number of bytes per pixel for the saving, when possible.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_magick(const char *const filename, const unsigned int bytes_per_pixel=0) const {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_magick(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
+
+#ifdef cimg_use_magick
+      double stmin, stmax = (double)max_min(stmin);
+      if (_depth>1)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "save_magick(): Instance is volumetric, only the first slice will be saved in file '%s'.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   filename);
+
+      if (_spectrum>3)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "save_magick(): Instance is multispectral, only the three first channels will be "
+                   "saved in file '%s'.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   filename);
+
+      if (stmin<0 || (bytes_per_pixel==1 && stmax>=256) || stmax>=65536)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "save_magick(): Instance has pixel values in [%g,%g], probable type overflow in file '%s'.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   filename,stmin,stmax);
+
+      Magick::Image image(Magick::Geometry(_width,_height),"black");
+      image.type(Magick::TrueColorType);
+      image.depth(bytes_per_pixel?(8*bytes_per_pixel):(stmax>=256?16:8));
+      const T
+        *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0),
+        *ptr_g = _spectrum>1?data(0,0,0,1):0,
+        *ptr_b = _spectrum>2?data(0,0,0,2):0;
+      Magick::PixelPacket *pixels = image.getPixels(0,0,_width,_height);
+      switch (_spectrum) {
+      case 1 : // Scalar images
+        for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)_width*_height; off; --off) {
+          pixels->red = pixels->green = pixels->blue = (Magick::Quantum)*(ptr_r++);
+          ++pixels;
+        }
+        break;
+      case 2 : // RG images
+        for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)_width*_height; off; --off) {
+          pixels->red = (Magick::Quantum)*(ptr_r++);
+          pixels->green = (Magick::Quantum)*(ptr_g++);
+          pixels->blue = 0; ++pixels;
+        }
+        break;
+      default : // RGB images
+        for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)_width*_height; off; --off) {
+          pixels->red = (Magick::Quantum)*(ptr_r++);
+          pixels->green = (Magick::Quantum)*(ptr_g++);
+          pixels->blue = (Magick::Quantum)*(ptr_b++);
+          ++pixels;
+        }
+      }
+      image.syncPixels();
+      image.write(filename);
+      return *this;
+#else
+      cimg::unused(bytes_per_pixel);
+      throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                            "save_magick(): Unable to save file '%s' unless libMagick++ is enabled.",
+                            cimg_instance,
+                            filename);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a PNG file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \param bytes_per_pixel Force the number of bytes per pixels for the saving, when possible.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_png(const char *const filename, const unsigned int bytes_per_pixel=0) const {
+      return _save_png(0,filename,bytes_per_pixel);
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a PNG file \overloading.
+    const CImg<T>& save_png(std::FILE *const file, const unsigned int bytes_per_pixel=0) const {
+      return _save_png(file,0,bytes_per_pixel);
+    }
+
+    const CImg<T>& _save_png(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename,
+                             const unsigned int bytes_per_pixel=0) const {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_png(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
+
+#ifndef cimg_use_png
+      cimg::unused(bytes_per_pixel);
+      if (!file) return save_other(filename);
+      else throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                                 "save_png(): Unable to save data in '(*FILE)' unless libpng is enabled.",
+                                 cimg_instance);
+#else
+      const char *volatile nfilename = filename; // two 'volatile' here to remove a g++ warning due to 'setjmp'.
+      std::FILE *volatile nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(nfilename,"wb");
+      volatile double stmin, stmax = (double)max_min(stmin);
+
+      if (_depth>1)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "save_png(): Instance is volumetric, only the first slice will be saved in file '%s'.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   filename);
+
+      if (_spectrum>4)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "save_png(): Instance is multispectral, only the three first channels will be saved in file '%s'.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   filename);
+
+      if (stmin<0 || (bytes_per_pixel==1 && stmax>=256) || stmax>=65536)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "save_png(): Instance has pixel values in [%g,%g], probable type overflow in file '%s'.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   filename,stmin,stmax);
+
+      // Setup PNG structures for write
+      png_voidp user_error_ptr = 0;
+      png_error_ptr user_error_fn = 0, user_warning_fn = 0;
+      png_structp png_ptr = png_create_write_struct(PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING,user_error_ptr, user_error_fn,
+                                                    user_warning_fn);
+      if(!png_ptr){
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "save_png(): Failed to initialize 'png_ptr' structure when saving file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              nfilename?nfilename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      png_infop info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
+      if (!info_ptr) {
+        png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr,(png_infopp)0);
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "save_png(): Failed to initialize 'info_ptr' structure when saving file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              nfilename?nfilename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      if (setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr))) {
+        png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr);
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "save_png(): Encountered unknown fatal error in libpng when saving file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              nfilename?nfilename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      png_init_io(png_ptr, nfile);
+
+      const int bit_depth = bytes_per_pixel?(bytes_per_pixel*8):(stmax>=256?16:8);
+
+      int color_type;
+      switch (spectrum()) {
+      case 1 : color_type = PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY; break;
+      case 2 : color_type = PNG_COLOR_TYPE_GRAY_ALPHA; break;
+      case 3 : color_type = PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB; break;
+      default : color_type = PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB_ALPHA;
+      }
+      const int interlace_type = PNG_INTERLACE_NONE;
+      const int compression_type = PNG_COMPRESSION_TYPE_DEFAULT;
+      const int filter_method = PNG_FILTER_TYPE_DEFAULT;
+      png_set_IHDR(png_ptr,info_ptr,_width,_height,bit_depth,color_type,interlace_type,compression_type,filter_method);
+      png_write_info(png_ptr,info_ptr);
+      const int byte_depth = bit_depth>>3;
+      const int numChan = spectrum()>4?4:spectrum();
+      const int pixel_bit_depth_flag = numChan * (bit_depth-1);
+
+      // Allocate Memory for Image Save and Fill pixel data
+      png_bytep *const imgData = new png_byte*[_height];
+      for (unsigned int row = 0; row<_height; ++row) imgData[row] = new png_byte[byte_depth*numChan*_width];
+      const T *pC0 = data(0,0,0,0);
+      switch (pixel_bit_depth_flag) {
+      case 7 :  { // Gray 8-bit
+        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
+          unsigned char *ptrd = imgData[y];
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(pC0++);
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 14 : { // Gray w/ Alpha 8-bit
+        const T *pC1 = data(0,0,0,1);
+        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
+          unsigned char *ptrd = imgData[y];
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(pC0++);
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(pC1++);
+          }
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 21 :  { // RGB 8-bit
+        const T *pC1 = data(0,0,0,1), *pC2 = data(0,0,0,2);
+        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
+          unsigned char *ptrd = imgData[y];
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(pC0++);
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(pC1++);
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(pC2++);
+          }
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 28 : { // RGB x/ Alpha 8-bit
+        const T *pC1 = data(0,0,0,1), *pC2 = data(0,0,0,2), *pC3 = data(0,0,0,3);
+        cimg_forY(*this,y){
+          unsigned char *ptrd = imgData[y];
+          cimg_forX(*this,x){
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(pC0++);
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(pC1++);
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(pC2++);
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(pC3++);
+          }
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 15 : { // Gray 16-bit
+        cimg_forY(*this,y){
+          unsigned short *ptrd = (unsigned short*)(imgData[y]);
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(pC0++);
+          if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness((unsigned short*)imgData[y],_width);
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 30 : { // Gray w/ Alpha 16-bit
+        const T *pC1 = data(0,0,0,1);
+        cimg_forY(*this,y){
+          unsigned short *ptrd = (unsigned short*)(imgData[y]);
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(pC0++);
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(pC1++);
+          }
+          if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness((unsigned short*)imgData[y],2*_width);
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 45 : { // RGB 16-bit
+        const T *pC1 = data(0,0,0,1), *pC2 = data(0,0,0,2);
+        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
+          unsigned short *ptrd = (unsigned short*)(imgData[y]);
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(pC0++);
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(pC1++);
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(pC2++);
+          }
+          if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness((unsigned short*)imgData[y],3*_width);
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 60 : { // RGB w/ Alpha 16-bit
+        const T *pC1 = data(0,0,0,1), *pC2 = data(0,0,0,2), *pC3 = data(0,0,0,3);
+        cimg_forY(*this,y) {
+          unsigned short *ptrd = (unsigned short*)(imgData[y]);
+          cimg_forX(*this,x) {
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(pC0++);
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(pC1++);
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(pC2++);
+            *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(pC3++);
+          }
+          if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness((unsigned short*)imgData[y],4*_width);
+        }
+      } break;
+      default :
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "save_png(): Encountered unknown fatal error in libpng when saving file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              nfilename?nfilename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      png_write_image(png_ptr,imgData);
+      png_write_end(png_ptr,info_ptr);
+      png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr);
+
+      // Deallocate Image Write Memory
+      cimg_forY(*this,n) delete[] imgData[n];
+      delete[] imgData;
+
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a PNM file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+      \param bytes_per_pixel Force the number of bytes per pixels for the saving.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_pnm(const char *const filename, const unsigned int bytes_per_pixel=0) const {
+      return _save_pnm(0,filename,bytes_per_pixel);
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a PNM file \overloading.
+    const CImg<T>& save_pnm(std::FILE *const file, const unsigned int bytes_per_pixel=0) const {
+      return _save_pnm(file,0,bytes_per_pixel);
+    }
+
+    const CImg<T>& _save_pnm(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename,
+                             const unsigned int bytes_per_pixel=0) const {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_pnm(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
+
+      double stmin, stmax = (double)max_min(stmin);
+      if (_depth>1)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "save_pnm(): Instance is volumetric, only the first slice will be saved in file '%s'.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      if (_spectrum>3)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "save_pnm(): Instance is multispectral, only the three first channels will be saved in file '%s'.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      if (stmin<0 || (bytes_per_pixel==1 && stmax>=256) || stmax>=65536)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "save_pnm(): Instance has pixel values in [%g,%g], probable type overflow in file '%s'.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   stmin,stmax,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
+      const T
+        *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0),
+        *ptr_g = (_spectrum>=2)?data(0,0,0,1):0,
+        *ptr_b = (_spectrum>=3)?data(0,0,0,2):0;
+      const unsigned long buf_size = cimg::min(1024*1024UL,_width*_height*(_spectrum==1?1UL:3UL));
+
+      std::fprintf(nfile,"P%c\n%u %u\n%u\n",
+                   (_spectrum==1?'5':'6'),_width,_height,stmax<256?255:(stmax<4096?4095:65535));
+
+      switch (_spectrum) {
+      case 1 : { // Scalar image
+        if (bytes_per_pixel==1 || (!bytes_per_pixel && stmax<256)) { // Binary PGM 8 bits
+          CImg<ucharT> buf(buf_size);
+          for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height; to_write>0; ) {
+            const unsigned long N = cimg::min((unsigned long)to_write,buf_size);
+            unsigned char *ptrd = buf._data;
+            for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_r++);
+            cimg::fwrite(buf._data,N,nfile);
+            to_write-=N;
+          }
+        } else { // Binary PGM 16 bits
+          CImg<ushortT> buf(buf_size);
+          for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height; to_write>0; ) {
+            const unsigned long N = cimg::min((unsigned long)to_write,buf_size);
+            unsigned short *ptrd = buf._data;
+            for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(ptr_r++);
+            if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,buf_size);
+            cimg::fwrite(buf._data,N,nfile);
+            to_write-=N;
+          }
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 2 : { // RG image
+        if (bytes_per_pixel==1 || (!bytes_per_pixel && stmax<256)) { // Binary PPM 8 bits
+          CImg<ucharT> buf(buf_size);
+          for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height; to_write>0; ) {
+            const unsigned long N = cimg::min((unsigned long)to_write,buf_size/3);
+            unsigned char *ptrd = buf._data;
+            for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) {
+              *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_r++);
+              *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_g++);
+              *(ptrd++) = 0;
+            }
+            cimg::fwrite(buf._data,3*N,nfile);
+            to_write-=N;
+          }
+        } else {             // Binary PPM 16 bits
+          CImg<ushortT> buf(buf_size);
+          for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height; to_write>0; ) {
+            const unsigned long N = cimg::min((unsigned long)to_write,buf_size/3);
+            unsigned short *ptrd = buf._data;
+            for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) {
+              *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(ptr_r++);
+              *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(ptr_g++);
+              *(ptrd++) = 0;
+            }
+            if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,buf_size);
+            cimg::fwrite(buf._data,3*N,nfile);
+            to_write-=N;
+          }
+        }
+      } break;
+      default : { // RGB image
+        if (bytes_per_pixel==1 || (!bytes_per_pixel && stmax<256)) { // Binary PPM 8 bits
+          CImg<ucharT> buf(buf_size);
+          for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height; to_write>0; ) {
+            const unsigned long N = cimg::min((unsigned long)to_write,buf_size/3);
+            unsigned char *ptrd = buf._data;
+            for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) {
+              *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_r++);
+              *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_g++);
+              *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr_b++);
+            }
+            cimg::fwrite(buf._data,3*N,nfile);
+            to_write-=N;
+          }
+        } else {             // Binary PPM 16 bits
+          CImg<ushortT> buf(buf_size);
+          for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height; to_write>0; ) {
+            const unsigned long N = cimg::min((unsigned long)to_write,buf_size/3);
+            unsigned short *ptrd = buf._data;
+            for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) {
+              *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(ptr_r++);
+              *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(ptr_g++);
+              *(ptrd++) = (unsigned short)*(ptr_b++);
+            }
+            if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,buf_size);
+            cimg::fwrite(buf._data,3*N,nfile);
+            to_write-=N;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a PNK file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_pnk(const char *const filename) const {
+      return _save_pnk(0,filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a PNK file \overloading.
+    const CImg<T>& save_pnk(std::FILE *const file) const {
+      return _save_pnk(file,0);
+    }
+
+    const CImg<T>& _save_pnk(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) const {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_pnk(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
+      if (_spectrum>1)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "save_pnk(): Instance is multispectral, only the first channel will be saved in file '%s'.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+      const unsigned long buf_size = cimg::min(1024*1024LU,_width*_height*_depth);
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
+      const T *ptr = data(0,0,0,0);
+
+      if (!cimg::type<T>::is_float() && sizeof(T)==1 && _depth<2) // Can be saved as regular PNM file.
+        _save_pnm(file,filename,0);
+      else if (!cimg::type<T>::is_float() && sizeof(T)==1) { // Save as extended P5 file: Binary byte-valued 3d.
+        std::fprintf(nfile,"P5\n%u %u %u\n255\n",_width,_height,_depth);
+        CImg<ucharT> buf(buf_size);
+        for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height*_depth; to_write>0; ) {
+          const unsigned long N = cimg::min((unsigned long)to_write,buf_size);
+          unsigned char *ptrd = buf._data;
+          for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) *(ptrd++) = (unsigned char)*(ptr++);
+          cimg::fwrite(buf._data,N,nfile);
+          to_write-=N;
+        }
+      } else if (!cimg::type<T>::is_float()) { // Save as P8: Binary int32-valued 3d.
+        if (_depth>1) std::fprintf(nfile,"P8\n%u %u %u\n%d\n",_width,_height,_depth,(int)max());
+        else std::fprintf(nfile,"P8\n%u %u\n%d\n",_width,_height,(int)max());
+        CImg<intT> buf(buf_size);
+        for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height*_depth; to_write>0; ) {
+          const unsigned long N = cimg::min((unsigned long)to_write,buf_size);
+          int *ptrd = buf._data;
+          for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) *(ptrd++) = (int)*(ptr++);
+          cimg::fwrite(buf._data,N,nfile);
+          to_write-=N;
+        }
+      } else { // Save as P9: Binary float-valued 3d.
+        if (_depth>1) std::fprintf(nfile,"P9\n%u %u %u\n%g\n",_width,_height,_depth,(double)max());
+        else std::fprintf(nfile,"P9\n%u %u\n%g\n",_width,_height,(double)max());
+        CImg<floatT> buf(buf_size);
+        for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height*_depth; to_write>0; ) {
+          const unsigned long N = cimg::min((unsigned long)to_write,buf_size);
+          float *ptrd = buf._data;
+          for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptr++);
+          cimg::fwrite(buf._data,N,nfile);
+          to_write-=N;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a PFM file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_pfm(const char *const filename) const {
+      return get_mirror('y')._save_pfm(0,filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a PFM file \overloading.
+    const CImg<T>& save_pfm(std::FILE *const file) const {
+      return get_mirror('y')._save_pfm(file,0);
+    }
+
+    const CImg<T>& _save_pfm(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) const {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_pfm(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
+      if (_depth>1)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "save_pfm(): Instance is volumetric, only the first slice will be saved in file '%s'.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      if (_spectrum>3)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "save_pfm(): image instance is multispectral, only the three first channels will be saved "
+                   "in file '%s'.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
+      const T
+        *ptr_r = data(0,0,0,0),
+        *ptr_g = (_spectrum>=2)?data(0,0,0,1):0,
+        *ptr_b = (_spectrum>=3)?data(0,0,0,2):0;
+      const unsigned int buf_size = cimg::min(1024*1024U,_width*_height*(_spectrum==1?1:3));
+
+      std::fprintf(nfile,"P%c\n%u %u\n1.0\n",
+                   (_spectrum==1?'f':'F'),_width,_height);
+
+      switch (_spectrum) {
+      case 1 : { // Scalar image
+        CImg<floatT> buf(buf_size);
+        for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height; to_write>0; ) {
+          const unsigned long N = cimg::min((unsigned long)to_write,buf_size);
+          float *ptrd = buf._data;
+          for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptr_r++);
+          if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,buf_size);
+          cimg::fwrite(buf._data,N,nfile);
+          to_write-=N;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 2 : { // RG image
+        CImg<floatT> buf(buf_size);
+        for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height; to_write>0; ) {
+          const unsigned int N = cimg::min((unsigned int)to_write,buf_size/3);
+          float *ptrd = buf._data;
+          for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) {
+            *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptr_r++);
+            *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptr_g++);
+            *(ptrd++) = 0;
+          }
+          if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,buf_size);
+          cimg::fwrite(buf._data,3*N,nfile);
+          to_write-=N;
+        }
+      } break;
+      default : { // RGB image
+        CImg<floatT> buf(buf_size);
+        for (long to_write = (long)_width*_height; to_write>0; ) {
+          const unsigned int N = cimg::min((unsigned int)to_write,buf_size/3);
+          float *ptrd = buf._data;
+          for (unsigned long i = N; i>0; --i) {
+            *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptr_r++);
+            *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptr_g++);
+            *(ptrd++) = (float)*(ptr_b++);
+          }
+          if (!cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,buf_size);
+          cimg::fwrite(buf._data,3*N,nfile);
+          to_write-=N;
+        }
+      }
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a RGB file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_rgb(const char *const filename) const {
+      return _save_rgb(0,filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a RGB file \overloading.
+    const CImg<T>& save_rgb(std::FILE *const file) const {
+      return _save_rgb(file,0);
+    }
+
+    const CImg<T>& _save_rgb(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) const {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_rgb(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
+      if (_spectrum!=3)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "save_rgb(): image instance has not exactly 3 channels, for file '%s'.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
+      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height;
+      unsigned char *const buffer = new unsigned char[3*wh], *nbuffer = buffer;
+      const T
+        *ptr1 = data(0,0,0,0),
+        *ptr2 = _spectrum>1?data(0,0,0,1):0,
+        *ptr3 = _spectrum>2?data(0,0,0,2):0;
+      switch (_spectrum) {
+      case 1 : { // Scalar image
+        for (unsigned long k = 0; k<wh; ++k) {
+          const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)*(ptr1++);
+          *(nbuffer++) = val;
+          *(nbuffer++) = val;
+          *(nbuffer++) = val;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 2 : { // RG image
+        for (unsigned long k = 0; k<wh; ++k) {
+          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr1++));
+          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr2++));
+          *(nbuffer++) = 0;
+        }
+      } break;
+      default : { // RGB image
+        for (unsigned long k = 0; k<wh; ++k) {
+          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr1++));
+          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr2++));
+          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr3++));
+        }
+      }
+      }
+      cimg::fwrite(buffer,3*wh,nfile);
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      delete[] buffer;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a RGBA file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_rgba(const char *const filename) const {
+      return _save_rgba(0,filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a RGBA file \overloading.
+    const CImg<T>& save_rgba(std::FILE *const file) const {
+      return _save_rgba(file,0);
+    }
+
+    const CImg<T>& _save_rgba(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) const {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_rgba(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
+      if (_spectrum!=4)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "save_rgba(): image instance has not exactly 4 channels, for file '%s'.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
+      const unsigned long wh = (unsigned long)_width*_height;
+      unsigned char *const buffer = new unsigned char[4*wh], *nbuffer = buffer;
+      const T
+        *ptr1 = data(0,0,0,0),
+        *ptr2 = _spectrum>1?data(0,0,0,1):0,
+        *ptr3 = _spectrum>2?data(0,0,0,2):0,
+        *ptr4 = _spectrum>3?data(0,0,0,3):0;
+      switch (_spectrum) {
+      case 1 : { // Scalar images
+        for (unsigned long k = 0; k<wh; ++k) {
+          const unsigned char val = (unsigned char)*(ptr1++);
+          *(nbuffer++) = val;
+          *(nbuffer++) = val;
+          *(nbuffer++) = val;
+          *(nbuffer++) = 255;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 2 : { // RG images
+        for (unsigned long k = 0; k<wh; ++k) {
+          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr1++));
+          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr2++));
+          *(nbuffer++) = 0;
+          *(nbuffer++) = 255;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 3 : { // RGB images
+        for (unsigned long k = 0; k<wh; ++k) {
+          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr1++));
+          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr2++));
+          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr3++));
+          *(nbuffer++) = 255;
+        }
+      } break;
+      default : { // RGBA images
+        for (unsigned long k = 0; k<wh; ++k) {
+          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr1++));
+          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr2++));
+          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr3++));
+          *(nbuffer++) = (unsigned char)(*(ptr4++));
+        }
+      }
+      }
+      cimg::fwrite(buffer,4*wh,nfile);
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      delete[] buffer;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a TIFF file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \param compression_type Type of data compression.
+         Can be <tt>{ 1=None | 2=CCITTRLE | 3=CCITTFAX3 | 4=CCITTFAX4 | 5=LZW | 6=JPEG }</tt>.
+       \note
+       - libtiff support is enabled by defining the precompilation
+        directive \c cimg_use_tif.
+       - When libtiff is enabled, 2D and 3D (multipage) several
+        channel per pixel are supported for
+        <tt>char,uchar,short,ushort,float</tt> and \c double pixel types.
+       - If \c cimg_use_tif is not defined at compilation time the
+        function uses CImg<T>&save_other(const char*).
+     **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_tiff(const char *const filename, const unsigned int compression_type=0,
+                             const float *const voxel_size=0) const {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_tiff(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
+
+#ifdef cimg_use_tiff
+      TIFF *tif = TIFFOpen(filename,"w");
+      if (tif) {
+        cimg_forZ(*this,z) get_slice(z)._save_tiff(tif,z,compression_type,voxel_size);
+        TIFFClose(tif);
+      } else throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                                   "save_tiff(): Failed to open file '%s' for writing.",
+                                   cimg_instance,
+                                   filename);
+      return *this;
+#else
+      cimg::unused(compression_type,voxel_size);
+      return save_other(filename);
+#endif
+    }
+
+#ifdef cimg_use_tiff
+
+#define _cimg_save_tiff(types,typed,compression_type,voxel_size) if (!std::strcmp(types,pixel_type())) { \
+      const typed foo = (typed)0; return _save_tiff(tif,directory,foo,compression_type,voxel_size); }
+
+    // [internal] Save a plane into a tiff file
+    template<typename t>
+    const CImg<T>& _save_tiff(TIFF *tif, const unsigned int directory, const t& pixel_t,
+                              const unsigned int compression_type,
+                              const float *const voxel_size=0) const {
+      if (is_empty() || !tif || pixel_t) return *this;
+      const char *const filename = TIFFFileName(tif);
+      uint32 rowsperstrip = (uint32)-1;
+      uint16 spp = _spectrum, bpp = sizeof(t)*8, photometric;
+      if (spp==3 || spp==4) photometric = PHOTOMETRIC_RGB;
+      else photometric = PHOTOMETRIC_MINISBLACK;
+      TIFFSetDirectory(tif,directory);
+      TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_IMAGEWIDTH,_width);
+      TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_IMAGELENGTH,_height);
+      if (voxel_size) {
+        const float vx = voxel_size[0], vy = voxel_size[1], _vz = voxel_size[2], vz = _vz>0?_vz:1;
+        TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_RESOLUTIONUNIT,RESUNIT_NONE);
+        TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_XRESOLUTION,vx/vz);
+        TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_YRESOLUTION,vy/vz);
+        CImg<charT> s_description(256);
+        cimg_snprintf(s_description,s_description._width,"VX=%g VY=%g VZ=%g spacing=%g",vx,vy,vz,vz);
+        TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_IMAGEDESCRIPTION,s_description.data());
+      }
+      TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_ORIENTATION,ORIENTATION_TOPLEFT);
+      TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_SAMPLESPERPIXEL,spp);
+      if (cimg::type<t>::is_float()) TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_SAMPLEFORMAT,3);
+      else if (cimg::type<t>::min()==0) TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_SAMPLEFORMAT,1);
+      else TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_SAMPLEFORMAT,2);
+      TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_BITSPERSAMPLE,bpp);
+      TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_PLANARCONFIG,PLANARCONFIG_CONTIG);
+      TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_PHOTOMETRIC,photometric);
+      TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_COMPRESSION,compression_type?(compression_type-1):COMPRESSION_NONE);
+      rowsperstrip = TIFFDefaultStripSize(tif,rowsperstrip);
+      TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_ROWSPERSTRIP,rowsperstrip);
+      TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_FILLORDER,FILLORDER_MSB2LSB);
+      TIFFSetField(tif,TIFFTAG_SOFTWARE,"CImg");
+      t *const buf = (t*)_TIFFmalloc(TIFFStripSize(tif));
+      if (buf) {
+        for (unsigned int row = 0; row<_height; row+=rowsperstrip) {
+          uint32 nrow = (row + rowsperstrip>_height?_height-row:rowsperstrip);
+          tstrip_t strip = TIFFComputeStrip(tif,row,0);
+          tsize_t i = 0;
+          for (unsigned int rr = 0; rr<nrow; ++rr)
+            for (unsigned int cc = 0; cc<_width; ++cc)
+              for (unsigned int vv = 0; vv<spp; ++vv)
+                buf[i++] = (t)(*this)(cc,row + rr,0,vv);
+          if (TIFFWriteEncodedStrip(tif,strip,buf,i*sizeof(t))<0)
+            throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                                  "save_tiff(): Invalid strip writing when saving file '%s'.",
+                                  cimg_instance,
+                                  filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+        }
+        _TIFFfree(buf);
+      }
+      TIFFWriteDirectory(tif);
+      return (*this);
+    }
+
+    const CImg<T>& _save_tiff(TIFF *tif, const unsigned int directory, const unsigned int compression_type,
+                              const float *const voxel_size) const {
+      _cimg_save_tiff("bool",unsigned char,compression_type,voxel_size);
+      _cimg_save_tiff("char",char,compression_type,voxel_size);
+      _cimg_save_tiff("unsigned char",unsigned char,compression_type,voxel_size);
+      _cimg_save_tiff("short",short,compression_type,voxel_size);
+      _cimg_save_tiff("unsigned short",unsigned short,compression_type,voxel_size);
+      _cimg_save_tiff("int",int,compression_type,voxel_size);
+      _cimg_save_tiff("unsigned int",unsigned int,compression_type,voxel_size);
+      _cimg_save_tiff("long",int,compression_type,voxel_size);
+      _cimg_save_tiff("unsigned long",unsigned int,compression_type,voxel_size);
+      _cimg_save_tiff("float",float,compression_type,voxel_size);
+      _cimg_save_tiff("double",float,compression_type,voxel_size);
+      const char *const filename = TIFFFileName(tif);
+      throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                  "save_tiff(): Unsupported pixel type '%s' for file '%s'.",
+                                  cimg_instance,
+                                  pixel_type(),filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      return *this;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Save image as a MINC2 file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \param imitate_file If non-zero, reference filename, as a C-string, to borrow header from.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_minc2(const char *const filename,
+                              const char *const imitate_file=0) const {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                   "save_minc2(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                   cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
+
+#ifndef cimg_use_minc2
+     cimg::unused(imitate_file);
+     return save_other(filename);
+#else
+     minc::minc_1_writer wtr;
+     if (imitate_file)
+       wtr.open(filename, imitate_file);
+     else {
+       minc::minc_info di;
+       if(width()) di.push_back(minc::dim_info(width(), width()*0.5, -1, minc::dim_info::DIM_X));
+       if(height()) di.push_back(minc::dim_info(height(), height()*0.5, -1, minc::dim_info::DIM_Y));
+       if(depth()) di.push_back(minc::dim_info(depth(), depth()*0.5, -1, minc::dim_info::DIM_Z));
+       if(spectrum()) di.push_back(minc::dim_info(spectrum(), spectrum()*0.5, -1, minc::dim_info::DIM_TIME));
+       wtr.open(filename, di, 1, NC_FLOAT, 0);
+     }
+     if(typeid(T)==typeid(unsigned char))
+       wtr.setup_write_byte();
+     else if(typeid(T)==typeid(int))
+       wtr.setup_write_int();
+     else if(typeid(T)==typeid(double))
+       wtr.setup_write_double();
+     else
+       wtr.setup_write_float();
+     minc::save_standard_volume(wtr, this->_data);
+     return *this;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as an ANALYZE7.5 or NIFTI file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+      \param voxel_size Pointer to 3 consecutive values that tell about the voxel sizes along the X,Y and Z dimensions.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_analyze(const char *const filename, const float *const voxel_size=0) const {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_analyze(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
+
+      std::FILE *file;
+      char header[348] = { 0 }, hname[1024] = { 0 }, iname[1024] = { 0 };
+      const char *const ext = cimg::split_filename(filename);
+      short datatype=-1;
+      std::memset(header,0,348);
+      if (!*ext) {
+        cimg_snprintf(hname,sizeof(hname),"%s.hdr",filename);
+        cimg_snprintf(iname,sizeof(iname),"%s.img",filename);
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(ext,"hdr",3)) {
+        std::strcpy(hname,filename);
+        std::strncpy(iname,filename,sizeof(iname)-1);
+        std::sprintf(iname + std::strlen(iname)-3,"img");
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(ext,"img",3)) {
+        std::strcpy(hname,filename);
+        std::strncpy(iname,filename,sizeof(iname)-1);
+        std::sprintf(hname + std::strlen(iname)-3,"hdr");
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(ext,"nii",3)) {
+        std::strncpy(hname,filename,sizeof(hname)-1); *iname = 0;
+      }
+      int *const iheader = (int*)header;
+      *iheader = 348;
+      std::strcpy(header + 4,"CImg");
+      std::strcpy(header + 14," ");
+      ((short*)(header + 36))[0] = 4096;
+      ((char*)(header + 38))[0] = 114;
+      ((short*)(header + 40))[0] = 4;
+      ((short*)(header + 40))[1] = _width;
+      ((short*)(header + 40))[2] = _height;
+      ((short*)(header + 40))[3] = _depth;
+      ((short*)(header + 40))[4] = _spectrum;
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"bool")) datatype = 2;
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"unsigned char")) datatype = 2;
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"char")) datatype = 2;
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"unsigned short")) datatype = 4;
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"short")) datatype = 4;
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"unsigned int")) datatype = 8;
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"int")) datatype = 8;
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"unsigned long")) datatype = 8;
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"long")) datatype = 8;
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"float")) datatype = 16;
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"double")) datatype = 64;
+      if (datatype<0)
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "save_analyze(): Unsupported pixel type '%s' for file '%s'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              pixel_type(),filename);
+
+      ((short*)(header+70))[0] = datatype;
+      ((short*)(header+72))[0] = sizeof(T);
+      ((float*)(header+112))[0] = 1;
+      ((float*)(header+76))[0] = 0;
+      if (voxel_size) {
+        ((float*)(header+76))[1] = voxel_size[0];
+        ((float*)(header+76))[2] = voxel_size[1];
+        ((float*)(header+76))[3] = voxel_size[2];
+      } else ((float*)(header+76))[1] = ((float*)(header+76))[2] = ((float*)(header+76))[3] = 1;
+      file = cimg::fopen(hname,"wb");
+      cimg::fwrite(header,348,file);
+      if (*iname) { cimg::fclose(file); file = cimg::fopen(iname,"wb"); }
+      cimg::fwrite(_data,size(),file);
+      cimg::fclose(file);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a .cimg file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+      \param is_compressed Tells if the file contains compressed image data.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_cimg(const char *const filename, const bool is_compressed=false) const {
+      CImgList<T>(*this,true).save_cimg(filename,is_compressed);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a .cimg file \overloading.
+    const CImg<T>& save_cimg(std::FILE *const file, const bool is_compressed=false) const {
+      CImgList<T>(*this,true).save_cimg(file,is_compressed);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a sub-image into an existing .cimg file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+      \param n0 Index of the image inside the file.
+      \param x0 X-coordinate of the sub-image location.
+      \param y0 Y-coordinate of the sub-image location.
+      \param z0 Z-coordinate of the sub-image location.
+      \param c0 C-coordinate of the sub-image location.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_cimg(const char *const filename,
+                             const unsigned int n0,
+                             const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
+                             const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0) const {
+      CImgList<T>(*this,true).save_cimg(filename,n0,x0,y0,z0,c0);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a sub-image into an existing .cimg file \overloading.
+    const CImg<T>& save_cimg(std::FILE *const file,
+			     const unsigned int n0,
+			     const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
+			     const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0) const {
+      CImgList<T>(*this,true).save_cimg(file,n0,x0,y0,z0,c0);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save blank image as a .cimg file.
+    /**
+        \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+        \param dx Width of the image.
+        \param dy Height of the image.
+        \param dz Depth of the image.
+        \param dc Number of channels of the image.
+        \note
+        - All pixel values of the saved image are set to \c 0.
+        - Use this method to save large images without having to instanciate and allocate them.
+    **/
+    static void save_empty_cimg(const char *const filename,
+                                const unsigned int dx, const unsigned int dy=1,
+                                const unsigned int dz=1, const unsigned int dc=1) {
+      return CImgList<T>::save_empty_cimg(filename,1,dx,dy,dz,dc);
+    }
+
+    //! Save blank image as a .cimg file \overloading.
+    /**
+       Same as save_empty_cimg(const char *,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int)
+       with a file stream argument instead of a filename string.
+    **/
+    static void save_empty_cimg(std::FILE *const file,
+                                const unsigned int dx, const unsigned int dy=1,
+                                const unsigned int dz=1, const unsigned int dc=1) {
+      return CImgList<T>::save_empty_cimg(file,1,dx,dy,dz,dc);
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as an INRIMAGE-4 file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+      \param voxel_size Pointer to 3 values specifying the voxel sizes along the X,Y and Z dimensions.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_inr(const char *const filename, const float *const voxel_size=0) const {
+      return _save_inr(0,filename,voxel_size);
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as an INRIMAGE-4 file \overloading.
+    const CImg<T>& save_inr(std::FILE *const file, const float *const voxel_size=0) const {
+      return _save_inr(file,0,voxel_size);
+    }
+
+    const CImg<T>& _save_inr(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename, const float *const voxel_size) const {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_inr(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
+
+      int inrpixsize=-1;
+      const char *inrtype = "unsigned fixed\nPIXSIZE=8 bits\nSCALE=2**0";
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"unsigned char")) {
+        inrtype = "unsigned fixed\nPIXSIZE=8 bits\nSCALE=2**0"; inrpixsize = 1;
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"char")) {
+        inrtype = "fixed\nPIXSIZE=8 bits\nSCALE=2**0"; inrpixsize = 1;
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"unsigned short")) {
+        inrtype = "unsigned fixed\nPIXSIZE=16 bits\nSCALE=2**0";inrpixsize = 2;
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"short")) {
+        inrtype = "fixed\nPIXSIZE=16 bits\nSCALE=2**0"; inrpixsize = 2;
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"unsigned int")) {
+        inrtype = "unsigned fixed\nPIXSIZE=32 bits\nSCALE=2**0";inrpixsize = 4;
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"int")) {
+        inrtype = "fixed\nPIXSIZE=32 bits\nSCALE=2**0"; inrpixsize = 4;
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"float")) {
+        inrtype = "float\nPIXSIZE=32 bits"; inrpixsize = 4;
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(pixel_type(),"double")) {
+        inrtype = "float\nPIXSIZE=64 bits"; inrpixsize = 8;
+      }
+      if (inrpixsize<=0)
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "save_inr(): Unsupported pixel type '%s' for file '%s'",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              pixel_type(),filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
+      char header[257] = { 0 };
+      int err = cimg_snprintf(header,sizeof(header),"#INRIMAGE-4#{\nXDIM=%u\nYDIM=%u\nZDIM=%u\nVDIM=%u\n",
+                              _width,_height,_depth,_spectrum);
+      if (voxel_size) err+=std::sprintf(header + err,"VX=%g\nVY=%g\nVZ=%g\n",voxel_size[0],voxel_size[1],voxel_size[2]);
+      err+=std::sprintf(header + err,"TYPE=%s\nCPU=%s\n",inrtype,cimg::endianness()?"sun":"decm");
+      std::memset(header + err,'\n',252 - err);
+      std::memcpy(header + 252,"##}\n",4);
+      cimg::fwrite(header,256,nfile);
+      cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) cimg_forC(*this,c) cimg::fwrite(&((*this)(x,y,z,c)),1,nfile);
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as an OpenEXR file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \note The OpenEXR file format is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenEXR">described here</a>.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_exr(const char *const filename) const {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_exr(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
+      if (_depth>1)
+        cimg::warn(_cimg_instance
+                   "save_exr(): Instance is volumetric, only the first slice will be saved in file '%s'.",
+                   cimg_instance,
+                   filename);
+
+#ifndef cimg_use_openexr
+      return save_other(filename);
+#else
+      Imf::Rgba *const ptrd0 = new Imf::Rgba[(unsigned long)_width*_height], *ptrd = ptrd0, rgba;
+      switch (_spectrum) {
+      case 1 : { // Grayscale image.
+        for (const T *ptr_r = data(), *const ptr_e = ptr_r + (unsigned long)_width*_height; ptr_r<ptr_e;) {
+          rgba.r = rgba.g = rgba.b = (half)(*(ptr_r++));
+          rgba.a = (half)1;
+          *(ptrd++) = rgba;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 2 : { // RG image.
+        for (const T *ptr_r = data(), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1),
+               *const ptr_e = ptr_r + (unsigned long)_width*_height; ptr_r<ptr_e; ) {
+          rgba.r = (half)(*(ptr_r++));
+          rgba.g = (half)(*(ptr_g++));
+          rgba.b = (half)0;
+          rgba.a = (half)1;
+          *(ptrd++) = rgba;
+        }
+      } break;
+      case 3 : { // RGB image.
+        for (const T *ptr_r = data(), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2),
+               *const ptr_e = ptr_r + (unsigned long)_width*_height; ptr_r<ptr_e;) {
+          rgba.r = (half)(*(ptr_r++));
+          rgba.g = (half)(*(ptr_g++));
+          rgba.b = (half)(*(ptr_b++));
+          rgba.a = (half)1;
+          *(ptrd++) = rgba;
+        }
+      } break;
+      default : { // RGBA image.
+        for (const T *ptr_r = data(), *ptr_g = data(0,0,0,1), *ptr_b = data(0,0,0,2), *ptr_a = data(0,0,0,3),
+               *const ptr_e = ptr_r + (unsigned long)_width*_height; ptr_r<ptr_e;) {
+          rgba.r = (half)(*(ptr_r++));
+          rgba.g = (half)(*(ptr_g++));
+          rgba.b = (half)(*(ptr_b++));
+          rgba.a = (half)(*(ptr_a++));
+          *(ptrd++) = rgba;
+        }
+      } break;
+      }
+      Imf::RgbaOutputFile outFile(filename,_width,_height,
+                                  _spectrum==1?Imf::WRITE_Y:_spectrum==2?Imf::WRITE_YA:_spectrum==3?
+                                  Imf::WRITE_RGB:Imf::WRITE_RGBA);
+      outFile.setFrameBuffer(ptrd0,1,_width);
+      outFile.writePixels(_height);
+      delete[] ptrd0;
+      return *this;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a Pandore-5 file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \param colorspace Colorspace data field in output file
+       (see <a href="http://www.greyc.ensicaen.fr/~regis/Pandore/#documentation">Pandore file specifications</a>
+       for more informations).
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_pandore(const char *const filename, const unsigned int colorspace=0) const {
+      return _save_pandore(0,filename,colorspace);
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a Pandore-5 file \overloading.
+    /**
+        Same as save_pandore(const char *,unsigned int) const
+        with a file stream argument instead of a filename string.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_pandore(std::FILE *const file, const unsigned int colorspace=0) const {
+      return _save_pandore(file,0,colorspace);
+    }
+
+    unsigned int _save_pandore_header_length(unsigned int id, unsigned int *dims, const unsigned int colorspace) const {
+      unsigned int nbdims = 0;
+      if (id==2 || id==3 || id==4) {
+        dims[0] = 1; dims[1] = _width;  nbdims = 2;
+      }
+      if (id==5 || id==6 || id==7) {
+        dims[0] = 1; dims[1] = _height; dims[2] = _width;  nbdims=3;
+      }
+      if (id==8 || id==9 || id==10) {
+        dims[0] = _spectrum; dims[1] = _depth;  dims[2] = _height; dims[3] = _width; nbdims = 4;
+      }
+      if (id==16 || id==17 || id==18) {
+        dims[0] = 3; dims[1] = _height; dims[2] = _width;  dims[3] = colorspace; nbdims = 4;
+      }
+      if (id==19 || id==20 || id==21) {
+        dims[0] = 3; dims[1] = _depth;  dims[2] = _height; dims[3] = _width; dims[4] = colorspace; nbdims = 5;
+      }
+      if (id==22 || id==23 || id==25) {
+        dims[0] = _spectrum; dims[1] = _width;  nbdims = 2;
+      }
+      if (id==26 || id==27 || id==29) {
+        dims[0] = _spectrum; dims[1] = _height; dims[2] = _width;  nbdims=3;
+      }
+      if (id==30 || id==31 || id==33) {
+        dims[0] = _spectrum; dims[1] = _depth;  dims[2] = _height; dims[3] = _width; nbdims = 4;
+      }
+      return nbdims;
+    }
+
+    const CImg<T>& _save_pandore(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename,
+                                 const unsigned int colorspace) const {
+
+#define __cimg_save_pandore_case(dtype) \
+       dtype *buffer = new dtype[size()]; \
+       const T *ptrs = _data; \
+       cimg_foroff(*this,off) *(buffer++) = (dtype)(*(ptrs++)); \
+       buffer-=size(); \
+       cimg::fwrite(buffer,size(),nfile); \
+       delete[] buffer
+
+#define _cimg_save_pandore_case(sy,sz,sv,stype,id) \
+      if (!saved && (sy?(sy==_height):true) && (sz?(sz==_depth):true) && \
+          (sv?(sv==_spectrum):true) && !std::strcmp(stype,pixel_type())) { \
+	unsigned int *iheader = (unsigned int*)(header+12); \
+	nbdims = _save_pandore_header_length((*iheader=id),dims,colorspace); \
+	cimg::fwrite(header,36,nfile); \
+        if (sizeof(unsigned long)==4) { unsigned long ndims[5] = { 0 }; \
+          for (int d = 0; d<5; ++d) ndims[d] = (unsigned long)dims[d]; cimg::fwrite(ndims,nbdims,nfile); } \
+        else if (sizeof(unsigned int)==4) { unsigned int ndims[5] = { 0 }; \
+          for (int d = 0; d<5; ++d) ndims[d] = (unsigned int)dims[d]; cimg::fwrite(ndims,nbdims,nfile); } \
+        else if (sizeof(unsigned short)==4) { unsigned short ndims[5] = { 0 }; \
+          for (int d = 0; d<5; ++d) ndims[d] = (unsigned short)dims[d]; cimg::fwrite(ndims,nbdims,nfile); } \
+        else throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance \
+                                   "save_pandore(): Unsupported datatype for file '%s'.",\
+                                   cimg_instance, \
+                                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)"); \
+	if (id==2 || id==5 || id==8 || id==16 || id==19 || id==22 || id==26 || id==30) { \
+          __cimg_save_pandore_case(unsigned char); \
+	} else if (id==3 || id==6 || id==9 || id==17 || id==20 || id==23 || id==27 || id==31) { \
+          if (sizeof(unsigned long)==4) { __cimg_save_pandore_case(unsigned long); } \
+          else if (sizeof(unsigned int)==4) { __cimg_save_pandore_case(unsigned int); } \
+          else if (sizeof(unsigned short)==4) { __cimg_save_pandore_case(unsigned short); } \
+          else throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance \
+                                     "save_pandore(): Unsupported datatype for file '%s'.",\
+                                     cimg_instance, \
+                                     filename?filename:"(FILE*)"); \
+	} else if (id==4 || id==7 || id==10 || id==18 || id==21 || id==25 || id==29 || id==33) { \
+          if (sizeof(double)==4) { __cimg_save_pandore_case(double); } \
+          else if (sizeof(float)==4) { __cimg_save_pandore_case(float); } \
+          else throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance \
+                                     "save_pandore(): Unsupported datatype for file '%s'.",\
+                                     cimg_instance, \
+                                     filename?filename:"(FILE*)"); \
+        } \
+	saved = true; \
+      }
+
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_pandore(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
+
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
+      unsigned char header[36] = { 'P','A','N','D','O','R','E','0','4',0,0,0,
+                                   0,0,0,0,'C','I','m','g',0,0,0,0,0,'N','o',' ','d','a','t','e',0,0,0,0 };
+      unsigned int nbdims, dims[5] = { 0 };
+      bool saved = false;
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,1,"unsigned char",2);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,1,"char",3);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,1,"short",3);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,1,"unsigned short",3);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,1,"unsigned int",3);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,1,"int",3);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,1,"unsigned long",4);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,1,"long",3);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,1,"float",4);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,1,"double",4);
+
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,1,"unsigned char",5);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,1,"char",6);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,1,"short",6);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,1,"unsigned short",6);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,1,"unsigned int",6);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,1,"int",6);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,1,"unsigned long",7);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,1,"long",6);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,1,"float",7);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,1,"double",7);
+
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,1,"unsigned char",8);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,1,"char",9);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,1,"short",9);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,1,"unsigned short",9);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,1,"unsigned int",9);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,1,"int",9);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,1,"unsigned long",10);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,1,"long",9);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,1,"float",10);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,1,"double",10);
+
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,3,"unsigned char",16);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,3,"char",17);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,3,"short",17);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,3,"unsigned short",17);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,3,"unsigned int",17);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,3,"int",17);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,3,"unsigned long",18);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,3,"long",17);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,3,"float",18);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,3,"double",18);
+
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,3,"unsigned char",19);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,3,"char",20);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,3,"short",20);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,3,"unsigned short",20);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,3,"unsigned int",20);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,3,"int",20);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,3,"unsigned long",21);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,3,"long",20);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,3,"float",21);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,3,"double",21);
+
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,0,"unsigned char",22);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,0,"char",23);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,0,"short",23);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,0,"unsigned short",23);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,0,"unsigned int",23);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,0,"int",23);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,0,"unsigned long",25);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,0,"long",23);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,0,"float",25);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(1,1,0,"double",25);
+
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,0,"unsigned char",26);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,0,"char",27);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,0,"short",27);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,0,"unsigned short",27);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,0,"unsigned int",27);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,0,"int",27);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,0,"unsigned long",29);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,0,"long",27);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,0,"float",29);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,1,0,"double",29);
+
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,0,"unsigned char",30);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,0,"char",31);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,0,"short",31);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,0,"unsigned short",31);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,0,"unsigned int",31);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,0,"int",31);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,0,"unsigned long",33);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,0,"long",31);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,0,"float",33);
+      _cimg_save_pandore_case(0,0,0,"double",33);
+
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a raw data file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \param is_multiplexed Tells if the image channels are stored in a multiplexed way (\c true) or not (\c false).
+       \note The .raw format does not store the image dimensions in the output file,
+       so you have to keep track of them somewhere to be able to read the file correctly afterwards.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_raw(const char *const filename, const bool is_multiplexed=false) const {
+      return _save_raw(0,filename,is_multiplexed);
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a raw data file \overloading.
+    /**
+       Same as save_raw(const char *,bool) const
+       with a file stream argument instead of a filename string.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_raw(std::FILE *const file, const bool is_multiplexed=false) const {
+      return _save_raw(file,0,is_multiplexed);
+    }
+
+    const CImg<T>& _save_raw(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename, const bool is_multiplexed) const {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_raw(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
+
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
+      if (!is_multiplexed) cimg::fwrite(_data,size(),nfile);
+      else {
+        CImg<T> buf(_spectrum);
+        cimg_forXYZ(*this,x,y,z) {
+          cimg_forC(*this,c) buf[c] = (*this)(x,y,z,c);
+          cimg::fwrite(buf._data,_spectrum,nfile);
+        }
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a video file, using the FFmpeg library.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+      \param fps Video framerate.
+      \param bitrate Video bitrate.
+      \note
+      - Each slice of the instance image is considered to be a single frame of the output video file.
+      - This method uses functions provided by the <a href="http://www.ffmpeg.org">FFmpeg</a> library.
+      Configuration macro \c cimg_use_ffmpeg must be set for the method to succeed natively.
+      Otherwise, the method calls
+      save_ffmpeg_external(const char*,unsigned int,unsigned int,const char*,unsigned int,unsigned int) const.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_ffmpeg(const char *const filename, const unsigned int fps=25,
+                               const unsigned int bitrate=2048) const {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_ffmpeg(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (!fps)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_ffmpeg(): Invalid specified framerate 0, for file '%s'.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    filename);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
+
+#ifndef cimg_use_ffmpeg
+      return save_ffmpeg_external(filename,0,fps,bitrate);
+#else
+      CImgList<T> list;
+      get_split('z').move_to(list);
+      list.save_ffmpeg(filename,fps,bitrate);
+      return *this;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a .yuv video file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \param is_rgb Tells if pixel values of the instance image are RGB-coded (\c true) or YUV-coded (\c false).
+       \note Each slice of the instance image is considered to be a single frame of the output video file.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_yuv(const char *const filename, const bool is_rgb=true) const {
+      get_split('z').save_yuv(filename,is_rgb);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a .yuv video file \overloading.
+    /**
+       Same as save_yuv(const char*,bool) const
+       with a file stream argument instead of a filename string.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_yuv(std::FILE *const file, const bool is_rgb=true) const {
+      get_split('z').save_yuv(file,is_rgb);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save 3d object as an Object File Format (.off) file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \param primitives List of 3d object primitives.
+       \param colors List of 3d object colors.
+       \note
+       - Instance image contains the vertices data of the 3d object.
+       - Textured, transparent or sphere-shaped primitives cannot be managed by the .off file format.
+       Such primitives will be lost or simplified during file saving.
+       - The .off file format is <a href="http://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/html/off_format.html">described here</a>.
+    **/
+    template<typename tf, typename tc>
+    const CImg<T>& save_off(const CImgList<tf>& primitives, const CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                            const char *const filename) const {
+      return _save_off(primitives,colors,0,filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Save 3d object as an Object File Format (.off) file \overloading.
+    /**
+       Same as save_off(const CImgList<tf>&,const CImgList<tc>&,const char*) const
+       with a file stream argument instead of a filename string.
+    **/
+    template<typename tf, typename tc>
+    const CImg<T>& save_off(const CImgList<tf>& primitives, const CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                            std::FILE *const file) const {
+      return _save_off(primitives,colors,file,0);
+    }
+
+    template<typename tf, typename tc>
+    const CImg<T>& _save_off(const CImgList<tf>& primitives, const CImgList<tc>& colors,
+                             std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) const {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_off(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_off(): Empty instance, for file '%s'.",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+      CImgList<T> opacities;
+      char error_message[1024] = { 0 };
+      if (!is_object3d(primitives,colors,opacities,true,error_message))
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_off(): Invalid specified 3d object, for file '%s' (%s).",
+                                    cimg_instance,
+                                    filename?filename:"(FILE*)",error_message);
+
+      const CImg<tc> default_color(1,3,1,1,200);
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"w");
+      unsigned int supported_primitives = 0;
+      cimglist_for(primitives,l) if (primitives[l].size()!=5) ++supported_primitives;
+      std::fprintf(nfile,"OFF\n%u %u %u\n",_width,supported_primitives,3*primitives._width);
+      cimg_forX(*this,i) std::fprintf(nfile,"%f %f %f\n",
+                                      (float)((*this)(i,0)),(float)((*this)(i,1)),(float)((*this)(i,2)));
+      cimglist_for(primitives,l) {
+        const CImg<tc>& color = l<colors.width()?colors[l]:default_color;
+        const unsigned int psiz = primitives[l].size(), csiz = color.size();
+        const float r = color[0]/255.0f, g = (csiz>1?color[1]:r)/255.0f, b = (csiz>2?color[2]:g)/255.0f;
+        switch (psiz) {
+        case 1 : std::fprintf(nfile,"1 %u %f %f %f\n",
+                              (unsigned int)primitives(l,0),r,g,b); break;
+        case 2 : std::fprintf(nfile,"2 %u %u %f %f %f\n",
+                              (unsigned int)primitives(l,0),(unsigned int)primitives(l,1),r,g,b); break;
+        case 3 : std::fprintf(nfile,"3 %u %u %u %f %f %f\n",
+                              (unsigned int)primitives(l,0),(unsigned int)primitives(l,2),
+                              (unsigned int)primitives(l,1),r,g,b); break;
+        case 4 : std::fprintf(nfile,"4 %u %u %u %u %f %f %f\n",
+                              (unsigned int)primitives(l,0),(unsigned int)primitives(l,3),
+                              (unsigned int)primitives(l,2),(unsigned int)primitives(l,1),r,g,b); break;
+        case 5 : std::fprintf(nfile,"2 %u %u %f %f %f\n",
+                              (unsigned int)primitives(l,0),(unsigned int)primitives(l,1),r,g,b); break;
+        case 6 : {
+          const unsigned int xt = (unsigned int)primitives(l,2), yt = (unsigned int)primitives(l,3);
+          const float
+            rt = color.atXY(xt,yt,0)/255.0f,
+            gt = (csiz>1?color.atXY(xt,yt,1):r)/255.0f,
+            bt = (csiz>2?color.atXY(xt,yt,2):g)/255.0f;
+          std::fprintf(nfile,"2 %u %u %f %f %f\n",
+                       (unsigned int)primitives(l,0),(unsigned int)primitives(l,1),rt,gt,bt);
+        } break;
+        case 9 : {
+          const unsigned int xt = (unsigned int)primitives(l,3), yt = (unsigned int)primitives(l,4);
+          const float
+            rt = color.atXY(xt,yt,0)/255.0f,
+            gt = (csiz>1?color.atXY(xt,yt,1):r)/255.0f,
+            bt = (csiz>2?color.atXY(xt,yt,2):g)/255.0f;
+          std::fprintf(nfile,"3 %u %u %u %f %f %f\n",
+                       (unsigned int)primitives(l,0),(unsigned int)primitives(l,2),
+                       (unsigned int)primitives(l,1),rt,gt,bt);
+        } break;
+        case 12 : {
+          const unsigned int xt = (unsigned int)primitives(l,4), yt = (unsigned int)primitives(l,5);
+          const float
+            rt = color.atXY(xt,yt,0)/255.0f,
+            gt = (csiz>1?color.atXY(xt,yt,1):r)/255.0f,
+            bt = (csiz>2?color.atXY(xt,yt,2):g)/255.0f;
+          std::fprintf(nfile,"4 %u %u %u %u %f %f %f\n",
+                       (unsigned int)primitives(l,0),(unsigned int)primitives(l,3),
+                       (unsigned int)primitives(l,2),(unsigned int)primitives(l,1),rt,gt,bt);
+        } break;
+        }
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save volumetric image as a video, using ffmpeg external binary.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \param codec Video codec, as a C-string.
+       \param fps Video framerate.
+       \param bitrate Video bitrate.
+       \note
+       - Each slice of the instance image is considered to be a single frame of the output video file.
+       - This method uses \c ffmpeg, an external executable binary provided by
+         <a href="http://www.ffmpeg.org">FFmpeg</a>.
+       It must be installed for the method to succeed.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_ffmpeg_external(const char *const filename, const char *const codec=0,
+                                        const unsigned int fps=25, const unsigned int bitrate=2048) const {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_ffmpeg_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
+
+      CImgList<T> list;
+      get_split('z').move_to(list);
+      list.save_ffmpeg_external(filename,codec,fps,bitrate);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image using gzip external binary.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \note This method uses \c gzip, an external executable binary provided by
+         <a href="//http://www.gzip.org">gzip</a>.
+       It must be installed for the method to succeed.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_gzip_external(const char *const filename) const {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_gzip_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
+
+      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 }, body[512] = { 0 };
+      const char
+        *ext = cimg::split_filename(filename,body),
+        *ext2 = cimg::split_filename(body,0);
+      std::FILE *file;
+      do {
+        if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"gz")) {
+          if (*ext2) cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.%s",
+                                   cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand(),ext2);
+          else cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.cimg",
+                             cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
+        } else {
+          if (*ext) cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.%s",
+                                  cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand(),ext);
+          else cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.cimg",
+                             cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
+        }
+        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+      } while (file);
+      save(filetmp);
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -c \"%s\" > \"%s\"",
+                    cimg::gzip_path(),
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data(),
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data());
+      cimg::system(command);
+      file = std::fopen(filename,"rb");
+      if (!file)
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "save_gzip_external(): Failed to save file '%s' with external command 'gzip'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              filename);
+
+      else cimg::fclose(file);
+      std::remove(filetmp);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image using GraphicsMagick's external binary.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \param quality Image quality (expressed in percent), when the file format supports it.
+       \note This method uses \c gm, an external executable binary provided by
+         <a href="http://www.graphicsmagick.org">GraphicsMagick</a>.
+       It must be installed for the method to succeed.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_graphicsmagick_external(const char *const filename, const unsigned int quality=100) const {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_graphicsmagick_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
+
+#ifdef cimg_use_png
+#define _cimg_sge_ext1 "png"
+#define _cimg_sge_ext2 "png"
+#else
+#define _cimg_sge_ext1 "pgm"
+#define _cimg_sge_ext2 "ppm"
+#endif
+      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 };
+      std::FILE *file;
+      do {
+        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.%s",
+                      cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand(),
+                      _spectrum==1?_cimg_sge_ext1:_cimg_sge_ext2);
+        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+      } while (file);
+#ifdef cimg_use_png
+      save_png(filetmp);
+#else
+      save_pnm(filetmp);
+#endif
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s convert -quality %u \"%s\" \"%s\"",
+                    cimg::graphicsmagick_path(),quality,
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data(),
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data());
+      cimg::system(command);
+      file = std::fopen(filename,"rb");
+      if (!file)
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "save_graphicsmagick_external(): Failed to save file '%s' with external command 'gm'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              filename);
+
+      if (file) cimg::fclose(file);
+      std::remove(filetmp);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image using ImageMagick's external binary.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \param quality Image quality (expressed in percent), when the file format supports it.
+       \note This method uses \c convert, an external executable binary provided by
+       <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org">ImageMagick</a>.
+       It must be installed for the method to succeed.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_imagemagick_external(const char *const filename, const unsigned int quality=100) const {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_imagemagick_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
+
+#ifdef cimg_use_png
+#define _cimg_sie_ext1 "png"
+#define _cimg_sie_ext2 "png"
+#else
+#define _cimg_sie_ext1 "pgm"
+#define _cimg_sie_ext2 "ppm"
+#endif
+      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 };
+      std::FILE *file;
+      do {
+        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.%s",cimg::temporary_path(),
+                      cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand(),_spectrum==1?_cimg_sie_ext1:_cimg_sie_ext2);
+        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+      } while (file);
+#ifdef cimg_use_png
+      save_png(filetmp);
+#else
+      save_pnm(filetmp);
+#endif
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -quality %u \"%s\" \"%s\"",
+                    cimg::imagemagick_path(),quality,
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data(),
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data());
+      cimg::system(command);
+      file = std::fopen(filename,"rb");
+      if (!file)
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "save_imagemagick_external(): Failed to save file '%s' with external command 'convert'.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              filename);
+
+      if (file) cimg::fclose(file);
+      std::remove(filetmp);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image as a Dicom file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \note This method uses \c medcon, an external executable binary provided by
+         <a href="http://xmedcon.sourceforge.net">(X)Medcon</a>.
+       It must be installed for the method to succeed.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_medcon_external(const char *const filename) const {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_medcon_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
+
+      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 }, body[512] = { 0 };
+      std::FILE *file;
+      do {
+        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s.hdr",cimg::filenamerand());
+        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+      } while (file);
+      save_analyze(filetmp);
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -w -c dicom -o \"%s\" -f \"%s\"",
+                    cimg::medcon_path(),
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data(),
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data());
+      cimg::system(command);
+      std::remove(filetmp);
+      cimg::split_filename(filetmp,body);
+      cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s.img",body);
+      std::remove(filetmp);
+
+      file = std::fopen(filename,"rb");
+      if (!file) {
+        cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"m000-%s",filename);
+        file = std::fopen(command,"rb");
+        if (!file) {
+          cimg::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"r"));
+          throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                                "save_medcon_external(): Failed to save file '%s' with external command 'medcon'.",
+                                cimg_instance,
+                                filename);
+        }
+      }
+      cimg::fclose(file);
+      std::rename(command,filename);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    // Save image for non natively supported formats.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \param quality Image quality (expressed in percent), when the file format supports it.
+       \note
+       - The filename extension tells about the desired file format.
+       - This method tries to save the instance image as a file, using external tools from
+       <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org">ImageMagick</a> or
+       <a href="http://www.graphicsmagick.org">GraphicsMagick</a>.
+         At least one of these tool must be installed for the method to succeed.
+       - It is recommended to use the generic method save(const char*, int) const instead,
+         as it can handle some file formats natively.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& save_other(const char *const filename, const unsigned int quality=100) const {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimg_instance
+                                    "save_other(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimg_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
+
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      bool is_saved = true;
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      try { save_magick(filename); }
+      catch (CImgException&) {
+        try { save_imagemagick_external(filename,quality); }
+        catch (CImgException&) {
+          try { save_graphicsmagick_external(filename,quality); }
+          catch (CImgException&) {
+            is_saved = false;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      if (!is_saved)
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimg_instance
+                              "save_other(): Failed to save file '%s'. Format is not natively supported, "
+                              "and no external commands succeeded.",
+                              cimg_instance,
+                              filename);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    // [internal] Return a 40x38 color logo of a 'danger' item.
+    static CImg<T> _logo40x38() {
+      CImg<T> res(40,38,1,3);
+      const unsigned char *ptrs = cimg::logo40x38;
+      T *ptr1 = res.data(0,0,0,0), *ptr2 = res.data(0,0,0,1), *ptr3 = res.data(0,0,0,2);
+      for (unsigned long off = 0; off<(unsigned long)res._width*res._height;) {
+        const unsigned char n = *(ptrs++), r = *(ptrs++), g = *(ptrs++), b = *(ptrs++);
+        for (unsigned int l = 0; l<n; ++off, ++l) { *(ptr1++) = (T)r; *(ptr2++) = (T)g; *(ptr3++) = (T)b; }
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //@}
+  };
+
+  /*
+   #-----------------------------------------
+   #
+   #
+   #
+   # Definition of the CImgList<T> structure
+   #
+   #
+   #
+   #------------------------------------------
+   */
+  //! Represent a list of images CImg<T>.
+  template<typename T>
+  struct CImgList {
+    unsigned int _width, _allocated_width;
+    CImg<T> *_data;
+
+    //! Simple iterator type, to loop through each image of a list.
+    /**
+       \note
+       - The \c CImgList<T>::iterator type is defined as a <tt>CImg<T>*</tt>.
+       - You may use it like this:
+       \code
+       CImgList<> list;   // Assuming this image list is not empty.
+       for (CImgList<>::iterator it = list.begin(); it<list.end(); ++it) (*it).mirror('x');
+       \endcode
+       - Using the loop macro \c cimglist_for is another (more concise) alternative:
+       \code
+       cimglist_for(list,l) list[l].mirror('x');
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    typedef CImg<T>* iterator;
+
+    //! Simple const iterator type, to loop through each image of a \c const list instance.
+    /**
+       \note
+       - The \c CImgList<T>::const_iterator type is defined to be a <tt>const CImg<T>*</tt>.
+       - Similar to CImgList<T>::iterator, but for constant list instances.
+    **/
+    typedef const CImg<T>* const_iterator;
+
+    //! Pixel value type.
+    /**
+       Refer to the pixels value type of the images in the list.
+       \note
+       - The \c CImgList<T>::value_type type of a \c CImgList<T> is defined to be a \c T.
+         It is then similar to CImg<T>::value_type.
+       - \c CImgList<T>::value_type is actually not used in %CImg methods. It has been mainly defined for
+         compatibility with STL naming conventions.
+    **/
+    typedef T value_type;
+
+    // Define common T-dependant types.
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,bool>::type Tbool;
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,unsigned char>::type Tuchar;
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,char>::type Tchar;
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,unsigned short>::type Tushort;
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,short>::type Tshort;
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,unsigned int>::type Tuint;
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,int>::type Tint;
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,unsigned long>::type Tulong;
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,long>::type Tlong;
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,float>::type Tfloat;
+    typedef typename cimg::superset<T,double>::type Tdouble;
+    typedef typename cimg::last<T,bool>::type boolT;
+    typedef typename cimg::last<T,unsigned char>::type ucharT;
+    typedef typename cimg::last<T,char>::type charT;
+    typedef typename cimg::last<T,unsigned short>::type ushortT;
+    typedef typename cimg::last<T,short>::type shortT;
+    typedef typename cimg::last<T,unsigned int>::type uintT;
+    typedef typename cimg::last<T,int>::type intT;
+    typedef typename cimg::last<T,unsigned long>::type ulongT;
+    typedef typename cimg::last<T,long>::type longT;
+    typedef typename cimg::last<T,float>::type floatT;
+    typedef typename cimg::last<T,double>::type doubleT;
+
+    //@}
+    //---------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Plugins
+    //@{
+    //---------------------------
+#ifdef cimglist_plugin
+#include cimglist_plugin
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_plugin1
+#include cimglist_plugin1
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_plugin2
+#include cimglist_plugin2
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_plugin3
+#include cimglist_plugin3
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_plugin4
+#include cimglist_plugin4
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_plugin5
+#include cimglist_plugin5
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_plugin6
+#include cimglist_plugin6
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_plugin7
+#include cimglist_plugin7
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_plugin8
+#include cimglist_plugin8
+#endif
+
+    //@}
+    //--------------------------------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Constructors / Destructor / Instance Management
+    //@{
+    //--------------------------------------------------------
+
+    //! Destructor.
+    /**
+       Destroy current list instance.
+       \note
+       - Any allocated buffer is deallocated.
+       - Destroying an empty list does nothing actually.
+     **/
+    ~CImgList() {
+      delete[] _data;
+    }
+
+    //! Default constructor.
+    /**
+       Construct a new empty list instance.
+       \note
+       - An empty list has no pixel data and its dimension width() is set to \c 0, as well as its
+         image buffer pointer data().
+       - An empty list may be reassigned afterwards, with the family of the assign() methods.
+         In all cases, the type of pixels stays \c T.
+     **/
+    CImgList():
+      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {}
+
+    //! Construct list containing empty images.
+    /**
+       \param n Number of empty images.
+       \note Useful when you know by advance the number of images you want to manage, as
+       it will allocate the right amount of memory for the list, without needs for reallocation
+       (that may occur when starting from an empty list and inserting several images in it).
+    **/
+    explicit CImgList(const unsigned int n):_width(n) {
+      if (n) _data = new CImg<T>[_allocated_width = cimg::max(16UL,cimg::nearest_pow2(n))];
+      else { _allocated_width = 0; _data = 0; }
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list containing images of specified size.
+    /**
+       \param n Number of images.
+       \param width Width of images.
+       \param height Height of images.
+       \param depth Depth of images.
+       \param spectrum Number of channels of images.
+       \note Pixel values are not initialized and may probably contain garbage.
+    **/
+    CImgList(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int width, const unsigned int height=1,
+             const unsigned int depth=1, const unsigned int spectrum=1):
+      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
+      assign(n);
+      cimglist_apply(*this,assign)(width,height,depth,spectrum);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list containing images of specified size, and initialize pixel values.
+    /**
+       \param n Number of images.
+       \param width Width of images.
+       \param height Height of images.
+       \param depth Depth of images.
+       \param spectrum Number of channels of images.
+       \param val Initialization value for images pixels.
+    **/
+    CImgList(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int width, const unsigned int height,
+             const unsigned int depth, const unsigned int spectrum, const T val):
+      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
+      assign(n);
+      cimglist_apply(*this,assign)(width,height,depth,spectrum,val);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list containing images of specified size, and initialize pixel values from a sequence of integers.
+    /**
+       \param n Number of images.
+       \param width Width of images.
+       \param height Height of images.
+       \param depth Depth of images.
+       \param spectrum Number of channels of images.
+       \param val0 First value of the initializing integers sequence.
+       \param val1 Second value of the initializing integers sequence.
+       \warning You must specify at least <tt>width*height*depth*spectrum</tt> values in your argument list,
+         or you will probably segfault.
+    **/
+    CImgList(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int width, const unsigned int height,
+             const unsigned int depth, const unsigned int spectrum, const int val0, const int val1, ...):
+      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
+#define _CImgList_stdarg(t) { \
+	assign(n,width,height,depth,spectrum); \
+	const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)width*height*depth*spectrum, nsiz = siz*n; \
+	T *ptrd = _data->_data; \
+	va_list ap; \
+	va_start(ap,val1); \
+	for (unsigned long l = 0, s = 0, i = 0; i<nsiz; ++i) { \
+	  *(ptrd++) = (T)(i==0?val0:(i==1?val1:va_arg(ap,t))); \
+	  if ((++s)==siz) { ptrd = _data[++l]._data; s = 0; } \
+	} \
+	va_end(ap); \
+      }
+      _CImgList_stdarg(int);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list containing images of specified size, and initialize pixel values from a sequence of doubles.
+    /**
+       \param n Number of images.
+       \param width Width of images.
+       \param height Height of images.
+       \param depth Depth of images.
+       \param spectrum Number of channels of images.
+       \param val0 First value of the initializing doubles sequence.
+       \param val1 Second value of the initializing doubles sequence.
+       \warning You must specify at least <tt>width*height*depth*spectrum</tt> values in your argument list,
+         or you will probably segfault.
+    **/
+    CImgList(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int width, const unsigned int height,
+             const unsigned int depth, const unsigned int spectrum, const double val0, const double val1, ...):
+      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
+      _CImgList_stdarg(double);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list containing copies of an input image.
+    /**
+       \param n Number of images.
+       \param img Input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param is_shared Tells if the elements of the list are shared or non-shared copies of \c img.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList(const unsigned int n, const CImg<t>& img, const bool is_shared=false):
+      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
+      assign(n);
+      cimglist_apply(*this,assign)(img,is_shared);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list from one image.
+    /**
+       \param img Input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param is_shared Tells if the element of the list is a shared or non-shared copy of \c img.
+     **/
+    template<typename t>
+    explicit CImgList(const CImg<t>& img, const bool is_shared=false):
+      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
+      assign(1);
+      _data[0].assign(img,is_shared);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list from two images.
+    /**
+       \param img1 First input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img2 Second input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param is_shared Tells if the elements of the list are shared or non-shared copies of input images.
+     **/
+    template<typename t1, typename t2>
+    CImgList(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const bool is_shared=false):
+      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
+      assign(2);
+      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list from three images.
+    /**
+       \param img1 First input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img2 Second input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img3 Third input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param is_shared Tells if the elements of the list are shared or non-shared copies of input images.
+    **/
+    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3>
+    CImgList(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const bool is_shared=false):
+      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
+      assign(3);
+      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list from four images.
+    /**
+       \param img1 First input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img2 Second input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img3 Third input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img4 Fourth input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param is_shared Tells if the elements of the list are shared or non-shared copies of input images.
+    **/
+    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4>
+    CImgList(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const CImg<t4>& img4,
+             const bool is_shared=false):
+      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
+      assign(4);
+      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
+      _data[3].assign(img4,is_shared);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list from five images.
+    /**
+       \param img1 First input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img2 Second input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img3 Third input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img4 Fourth input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img5 Fifth input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param is_shared Tells if the elements of the list are shared or non-shared copies of input images.
+    **/
+    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4, typename t5>
+    CImgList(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const CImg<t4>& img4,
+             const CImg<t5>& img5, const bool is_shared=false):
+      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
+      assign(5);
+      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
+      _data[3].assign(img4,is_shared); _data[4].assign(img5,is_shared);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list from six images.
+    /**
+       \param img1 First input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img2 Second input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img3 Third input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img4 Fourth input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img5 Fifth input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img6 Sixth input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param is_shared Tells if the elements of the list are shared or non-shared copies of input images.
+    **/
+    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4, typename t5, typename t6>
+    CImgList(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const CImg<t4>& img4,
+             const CImg<t5>& img5, const CImg<t6>& img6, const bool is_shared=false):
+      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
+      assign(6);
+      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
+      _data[3].assign(img4,is_shared); _data[4].assign(img5,is_shared); _data[5].assign(img6,is_shared);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list from seven images.
+    /**
+       \param img1 First input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img2 Second input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img3 Third input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img4 Fourth input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img5 Fifth input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img6 Sixth input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img7 Seventh input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param is_shared Tells if the elements of the list are shared or non-shared copies of input images.
+    **/
+    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4, typename t5, typename t6, typename t7>
+    CImgList(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const CImg<t4>& img4,
+             const CImg<t5>& img5, const CImg<t6>& img6, const CImg<t7>& img7, const bool is_shared=false):
+      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
+      assign(7);
+      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
+      _data[3].assign(img4,is_shared); _data[4].assign(img5,is_shared); _data[5].assign(img6,is_shared);
+      _data[6].assign(img7,is_shared);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list from eight images.
+    /**
+       \param img1 First input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img2 Second input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img3 Third input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img4 Fourth input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img5 Fifth input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img6 Sixth input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img7 Seventh input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param img8 Eighth input image to copy in the constructed list.
+       \param is_shared Tells if the elements of the list are shared or non-shared copies of input images.
+    **/
+    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4, typename t5, typename t6, typename t7, typename t8>
+    CImgList(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const CImg<t4>& img4,
+             const CImg<t5>& img5, const CImg<t6>& img6, const CImg<t7>& img7, const CImg<t8>& img8,
+             const bool is_shared=false):
+      _width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
+      assign(8);
+      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
+      _data[3].assign(img4,is_shared); _data[4].assign(img5,is_shared); _data[5].assign(img6,is_shared);
+      _data[6].assign(img7,is_shared); _data[7].assign(img8,is_shared);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list copy.
+    /**
+       \param list Input list to copy.
+       \note The shared state of each element of the constructed list is kept the same as in \c list.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList(const CImgList<t>& list):_width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
+      assign(list._width);
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) _data[l].assign(list[l],false);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list copy \specialization.
+    CImgList(const CImgList<T>& list):_width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
+      assign(list._width);
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) _data[l].assign(list[l],list[l]._is_shared);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list copy, and force the shared state of the list elements.
+    /**
+       \param list Input list to copy.
+       \param is_shared Tells if the elements of the list are shared or non-shared copies of input images.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList(const CImgList<t>& list, const bool is_shared):_width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
+      assign(list._width);
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) _data[l].assign(list[l],is_shared);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list by reading the content of a file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+    **/
+    explicit CImgList(const char *const filename):_width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
+      assign(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list from the content of a display window.
+    /**
+       \param disp Display window to get content from.
+       \note Constructed list contains a single image only.
+    **/
+    explicit CImgList(const CImgDisplay& disp):_width(0),_allocated_width(0),_data(0) {
+      assign(disp);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a list with elements being shared copies of images in the list instance.
+    /**
+      \note <tt>list2 = list1.get_shared()</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list2.assign(list1,true)</tt>.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T> get_shared() {
+      CImgList<T> res(_width);
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) res[l].assign(_data[l],true);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a list with elements being shared copies of images in the list instance \const.
+    const CImgList<T> get_shared() const {
+      CImgList<T> res(_width);
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) res[l].assign(_data[l],true);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Destructor \inplace.
+    /**
+       \see CImgList().
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& assign() {
+      delete[] _data;
+      _width = _allocated_width = 0;
+      _data = 0;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Destructor \inplace.
+    /**
+       Equivalent to assign().
+       \note Only here for compatibility with STL naming conventions.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& clear() {
+      return assign();
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list containing empty images \inplace.
+    /**
+       \see CImgList(unsigned int).
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& assign(const unsigned int n) {
+      if (!n) return assign();
+      if (_allocated_width<n || _allocated_width>(n<<2)) {
+        delete[] _data;
+        _data = new CImg<T>[_allocated_width=cimg::max(16UL,cimg::nearest_pow2(n))];
+      }
+      _width = n;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list containing images of specified size \inplace.
+    /**
+       \see CImgList(unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int).
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& assign(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int width, const unsigned int height=1,
+                        const unsigned int depth=1, const unsigned int spectrum=1) {
+      assign(n);
+      cimglist_apply(*this,assign)(width,height,depth,spectrum);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list containing images of specified size, and initialize pixel values \inplace.
+    /**
+       \see CImgList(unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, const T).
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& assign(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int width, const unsigned int height,
+                        const unsigned int depth, const unsigned int spectrum, const T val) {
+      assign(n);
+      cimglist_apply(*this,assign)(width,height,depth,spectrum,val);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list with images of specified size, and initialize pixel values from a sequence of integers \inplace.
+    /**
+       \see CImgList(unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, const int, const int, ...).
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& assign(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int width, const unsigned int height,
+                        const unsigned int depth, const unsigned int spectrum, const int val0, const int val1, ...) {
+      _CImgList_stdarg(int);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list with images of specified size, and initialize pixel values from a sequence of doubles \inplace.
+    /**
+       \see CImgList(unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, const double, const double, ...).
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& assign(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int width, const unsigned int height,
+                        const unsigned int depth, const unsigned int spectrum,
+                        const double val0, const double val1, ...) {
+      _CImgList_stdarg(double);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list containing copies of an input image \inplace.
+    /**
+       \see CImgList(unsigned int, const CImg<t>&, bool).
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<T>& assign(const unsigned int n, const CImg<t>& img, const bool is_shared=false) {
+      assign(n);
+      cimglist_apply(*this,assign)(img,is_shared);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list from one image \inplace.
+    /**
+       \see CImgList(const CImg<t>&, bool).
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<T>& assign(const CImg<t>& img, const bool is_shared=false) {
+      assign(1);
+      _data[0].assign(img,is_shared);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list from two images \inplace.
+    /**
+       \see CImgList(const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, bool).
+    **/
+    template<typename t1, typename t2>
+    CImgList<T>& assign(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const bool is_shared=false) {
+      assign(2);
+      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list from three images \inplace.
+    /**
+       \see CImgList(const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, bool).
+    **/
+    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3>
+    CImgList<T>& assign(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const bool is_shared=false) {
+      assign(3);
+      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list from four images \inplace.
+    /**
+       \see CImgList(const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, bool).
+    **/
+    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4>
+    CImgList<T>& assign(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const CImg<t4>& img4,
+                        const bool is_shared=false) {
+      assign(4);
+      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
+      _data[3].assign(img4,is_shared);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list from five images \inplace.
+    /**
+       \see CImgList(const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, bool).
+    **/
+    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4, typename t5>
+    CImgList<T>& assign(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const CImg<t4>& img4,
+                        const CImg<t5>& img5, const bool is_shared=false) {
+      assign(5);
+      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
+      _data[3].assign(img4,is_shared); _data[4].assign(img5,is_shared);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list from six images \inplace.
+    /**
+       \see CImgList(const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, bool).
+    **/
+    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4, typename t5, typename t6>
+    CImgList<T>& assign(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const CImg<t4>& img4,
+                        const CImg<t5>& img5, const CImg<t6>& img6, const bool is_shared=false) {
+      assign(6);
+      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
+      _data[3].assign(img4,is_shared); _data[4].assign(img5,is_shared); _data[5].assign(img6,is_shared);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list from seven images \inplace.
+    /**
+       \see CImgList(const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, bool).
+    **/
+    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4, typename t5, typename t6, typename t7>
+    CImgList<T>& assign(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const CImg<t4>& img4,
+                        const CImg<t5>& img5, const CImg<t6>& img6, const CImg<t7>& img7, const bool is_shared=false) {
+      assign(7);
+      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
+      _data[3].assign(img4,is_shared); _data[4].assign(img5,is_shared); _data[5].assign(img6,is_shared);
+      _data[6].assign(img7,is_shared);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list from eight images \inplace.
+    /**
+       \see CImgList(const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, const CImg<t>&, bool).
+    **/
+    template<typename t1, typename t2, typename t3, typename t4, typename t5, typename t6, typename t7, typename t8>
+    CImgList<T>& assign(const CImg<t1>& img1, const CImg<t2>& img2, const CImg<t3>& img3, const CImg<t4>& img4,
+                        const CImg<t5>& img5, const CImg<t6>& img6, const CImg<t7>& img7, const CImg<t8>& img8,
+                        const bool is_shared=false) {
+      assign(8);
+      _data[0].assign(img1,is_shared); _data[1].assign(img2,is_shared); _data[2].assign(img3,is_shared);
+      _data[3].assign(img4,is_shared); _data[4].assign(img5,is_shared); _data[5].assign(img6,is_shared);
+      _data[6].assign(img7,is_shared); _data[7].assign(img8,is_shared);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list as a copy of an existing list and force the shared state of the list elements \inplace.
+    /**
+      \see CImgList(const CImgList<t>&, bool is_shared).
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<T>& assign(const CImgList<t>& list, const bool is_shared=false) {
+      cimg::unused(is_shared);
+      assign(list._width);
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) _data[l].assign(list[l],false);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list as a copy of an existing list and force shared state of elements \inplace \specialization.
+    CImgList<T>& assign(const CImgList<T>& list, const bool is_shared=false) {
+      if (this==&list) return *this;
+      CImgList<T> res(list._width);
+      cimglist_for(res,l) res[l].assign(list[l],is_shared);
+      return res.move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list by reading the content of a file \inplace.
+    /**
+      \see CImgList(const char *const).
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& assign(const char *const filename) {
+      return load(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list from the content of a display window \inplace.
+    /**
+      \see CImgList(const CImgDisplay&).
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& assign(const CImgDisplay &disp) {
+      return assign(CImg<T>(disp));
+    }
+
+    //! Transfer the content of the list instance to another list.
+    /**
+       \param list Destination list.
+       \note When returning, the current list instance is empty and the initial content of \c list is destroyed.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<t>& move_to(CImgList<t>& list) {
+      list.assign(_width);
+      bool is_one_shared_element = false;
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) is_one_shared_element|=_data[l]._is_shared;
+      if (is_one_shared_element) cimglist_for(*this,l) list[l].assign(_data[l]);
+      else cimglist_for(*this,l) _data[l].move_to(list[l]);
+      assign();
+      return list;
+    }
+
+    //! Transfer the content of the list instance at a specified position in another list.
+    /**
+       \param list Destination list.
+       \param pos Index of the insertion in the list.
+       \note When returning, the list instance is empty and the initial content of \c list is preserved
+       (only images indexes may be modified).
+     **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<t>& move_to(CImgList<t>& list, const unsigned int pos) {
+      if (is_empty()) return list;
+      const unsigned int npos = pos>list._width?list._width:pos;
+      list.insert(_width,npos);
+      bool is_one_shared_element = false;
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) is_one_shared_element|=_data[l]._is_shared;
+      if (is_one_shared_element) cimglist_for(*this,l) list[npos+l].assign(_data[l]);
+      else cimglist_for(*this,l) _data[l].move_to(list[npos+l]);
+      assign();
+      return list;
+    }
+
+    //! Swap all fields between two list instances.
+    /**
+       \param list List to swap fields with.
+       \note Can be used to exchange the content of two lists in a fast way.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& swap(CImgList<T>& list) {
+      cimg::swap(_width,list._width);
+      cimg::swap(_allocated_width,list._allocated_width);
+      cimg::swap(_data,list._data);
+      return list;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to an empty list.
+    /**
+      \note Can be used to define default values in a function taking a CImgList<T> as an argument.
+      \code
+      void f(const CImgList<char>& list=CImgList<char>::empty());
+      \endcode
+    **/
+    static CImgList<T>& empty() {
+      static CImgList<T> _empty;
+      return _empty.assign();
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //------------------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Overloaded Operators
+    //@{
+    //------------------------------------------
+
+    //! Return a reference to one image element of the list.
+    /**
+       \param pos Indice of the image element.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& operator()(const unsigned int pos) {
+#if cimg_verbosity>=3
+      if (pos>=_width) {
+        cimg::warn(_cimglist_instance
+                   "operator(): Invalid image request, at position [%u].",
+                   cimglist_instance,
+                   pos);
+        return *_data;
+      }
+#endif
+      return _data[pos];
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to one image of the list.
+    /**
+       \param pos Indice of the image element.
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& operator()(const unsigned int pos) const {
+      return const_cast<CImgList<T>*>(this)->operator()(pos);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to one pixel value of one image of the list.
+    /**
+       \param pos Indice of the image element.
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \note <tt>list(n,x,y,z,c)</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list[n](x,y,z,c)</tt>.
+    **/
+    T& operator()(const unsigned int pos, const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y=0,
+                  const unsigned int z=0, const unsigned int c=0) {
+      return (*this)[pos](x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to one pixel value of one image of the list \const.
+    const T& operator()(const unsigned int pos, const unsigned int x, const unsigned int y=0,
+                        const unsigned int z=0, const unsigned int c=0) const {
+      return (*this)[pos](x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Return pointer to the first image of the list.
+    /**
+       \note Images in a list are stored as a buffer of \c CImg<T>.
+    **/
+    operator CImg<T>*() {
+      return _data;
+    }
+
+    //! Return pointer to the first image of the list \const.
+    operator const CImg<T>*() const {
+      return _data;
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list from one image \inplace.
+    /**
+        \param img Input image to copy in the constructed list.
+        \note <tt>list = img;</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list.assign(img);</tt>.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<T>& operator=(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      return assign(img);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list from another list.
+    /**
+       \param list Input list to copy.
+       \note <tt>list1 = list2</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list1.assign(list2);</tt>.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<T>& operator=(const CImgList<t>& list) {
+      return assign(list);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list from another list \specialization.
+    CImgList<T>& operator=(const CImgList<T>& list) {
+      return assign(list);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list by reading the content of a file \inplace.
+    /**
+       \see CImgList(const char *const).
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& operator=(const char *const filename) {
+      return assign(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Construct list from the content of a display window \inplace.
+    /**
+        \see CImgList(const CImgDisplay&).
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& operator=(const CImgDisplay& disp) {
+      return assign(disp);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a non-shared copy of a list.
+    /**
+        \note <tt>+list</tt> is equivalent to <tt>CImgList<T>(list,false)</tt>.
+          It forces the copy to have non-shared elements.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T> operator+() const {
+      return CImgList<T>(*this,false);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a copy of the list instance, where image \c img has been inserted at the end.
+    /**
+       \param img Image inserted at the end of the instance copy.
+       \note Define a convenient way to create temporary lists of images, as in the following code:
+       \code
+       (img1,img2,img3,img4).display("My four images");
+       \endcode
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<T>& operator,(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      return insert(img);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a copy of the list instance, where image \c img has been inserted at the end \const.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<T> operator,(const CImg<t>& img) const {
+      return (+*this).insert(img);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a copy of the list instance, where all elements of input list \c list have been inserted at the end.
+    /**
+       \param list List inserted at the end of the instance copy.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<T>& operator,(const CImgList<t>& list) {
+      return insert(list);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a copy of the list instance, where all elements of input \c list have been inserted at the end \const.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<T>& operator,(const CImgList<t>& list) const {
+      return (+*this).insert(list);
+    }
+
+    //! Return image corresponding to the appending of all images of the instance list along specified axis.
+    /**
+      \param axis Appending axis. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
+      \note <tt>list>'x'</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list.get_append('x')</tt>.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> operator>(const char axis) const {
+      return get_append(axis,0);
+    }
+
+    //! Return list corresponding to the splitting of all images of the instance list along specified axis.
+    /**
+      \param axis Axis used for image splitting.
+      \note <tt>list<'x'</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list.get_split('x')</tt>.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T> operator<(const char axis) const {
+      return get_split(axis);
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //-------------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Instance Characteristics
+    //@{
+    //-------------------------------------
+
+    //! Return the type of image pixel values as a C string.
+    /**
+       Return a \c char* string containing the usual type name of the image pixel values
+       (i.e. a stringified version of the template parameter \c T).
+       \note
+       - The returned string may contain spaces (as in \c "unsigned char").
+       - If the pixel type \c T does not correspond to a registered type, the string <tt>"unknown"</tt> is returned.
+    **/
+    static const char* pixel_type() {
+      return cimg::type<T>::string();
+    }
+
+    //! Return the size of the list, i.e. the number of images contained in it.
+    /**
+      \note Similar to size() but returns result as a (signed) integer.
+    **/
+    int width() const {
+      return (int)_width;
+    }
+
+    //! Return the size of the list, i.e. the number of images contained in it.
+    /**
+      \note Similar to width() but returns result as an unsigned integer.
+    **/
+    unsigned int size() const {
+      return _width;
+    }
+
+    //! Return pointer to the first image of the list.
+    /**
+       \note Images in a list are stored as a buffer of \c CImg<T>.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> *data() {
+      return _data;
+    }
+
+    //! Return pointer to the first image of the list \const.
+    const CImg<T> *data() const {
+      return _data;
+    }
+
+    //! Return pointer to the pos-th image of the list.
+    /**
+       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
+       \note <tt>list.data(n);</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list.data + n;</tt>.
+    **/
+#if cimg_verbosity>=3
+    CImg<T> *data(const unsigned int pos) {
+      if (pos>=size())
+        cimg::warn(_cimglist_instance
+                   "data(): Invalid pointer request, at position [%u].",
+                   cimglist_instance,
+                   pos);
+      return _data + pos;
+    }
+
+    const CImg<T> *data(const unsigned int l) const {
+      return const_cast<CImgList<T>*>(this)->data(l);
+    }
+#else
+    CImg<T> *data(const unsigned int l) {
+      return _data + l;
+    }
+
+    //! Return pointer to the pos-th image of the list \const.
+    const CImg<T> *data(const unsigned int l) const {
+      return _data + l;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Return iterator to the first image of the list.
+    /**
+    **/
+    iterator begin() {
+      return _data;
+    }
+
+    //! Return iterator to the first image of the list \const.
+    const_iterator begin() const {
+      return _data;
+    }
+
+    //! Return iterator to one position after the last image of the list.
+    /**
+    **/
+    iterator end() {
+      return _data + _width;
+    }
+
+    //! Return iterator to one position after the last image of the list \const.
+    const_iterator end() const {
+      return _data + _width;
+    }
+
+    //! Return reference to the first image of the list.
+    /**
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& front() {
+      return *_data;
+    }
+
+    //! Return reference to the first image of the list \const.
+    const CImg<T>& front() const {
+      return *_data;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to the last image of the list.
+    /**
+    **/
+    const CImg<T>& back() const {
+      return *(_data + _width - 1);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to the last image of the list \const.
+    CImg<T>& back() {
+      return *(_data + _width - 1);
+    }
+
+    //! Return pos-th image of the list.
+    /**
+       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
+    **/
+    CImg<T>& at(const int pos) {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "at(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+
+      return _data[pos<0?0:pos>=(int)_width?(int)_width-1:pos];
+    }
+
+    //! Access to pixel value with Dirichlet boundary conditions.
+    /**
+       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param out_value Default value returned if \c offset is outside image bounds.
+       \note <tt>list.atNXYZC(p,x,y,z,c);</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list[p].atXYZC(x,y,z,c);</tt>.
+    **/
+    T& atNXYZC(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) {
+      return (pos<0 || pos>=(int)_width)?(cimg::temporary(out_value)=out_value):_data[pos].atXYZC(x,y,z,c,out_value);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to pixel value with Dirichlet boundary conditions \const.
+    T atNXYZC(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
+      return (pos<0 || pos>=(int)_width)?out_value:_data[pos].atXYZC(x,y,z,c,out_value);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to pixel value with Neumann boundary conditions.
+    /**
+       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \note <tt>list.atNXYZC(p,x,y,z,c);</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list[p].atXYZC(x,y,z,c);</tt>.
+    **/
+    T& atNXYZC(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c) {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "atNXYZC(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+
+      return _atNXYZC(pos,x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to pixel value with Neumann boundary conditions \const.
+    T atNXYZC(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "atNXYZC(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+
+      return _atNXYZC(pos,x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    T& _atNXYZC(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c) {
+      return _data[pos<0?0:(pos>=(int)_width?(int)_width-1:pos)].atXYZC(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    T _atNXYZC(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c) const {
+      return _data[pos<0?0:(pos>=(int)_width?(int)_width-1:pos)].atXYZC(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access pixel value with Dirichlet boundary conditions for the 3 first coordinates (\c pos, \c x,\c y,\c z).
+    /**
+       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param out_value Default value returned if \c offset is outside image bounds.
+       \note <tt>list.atNXYZ(p,x,y,z,c);</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list[p].atXYZ(x,y,z,c);</tt>.
+    **/
+    T& atNXYZ(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) {
+      return (pos<0 || pos>=(int)_width)?(cimg::temporary(out_value)=out_value):_data[pos].atXYZ(x,y,z,c,out_value);
+    }
+
+    //! Access pixel value with Dirichlet boundary conditions for the 3 first coordinates (\c pos, \c x,\c y,\c z) \const.
+    T atNXYZ(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
+      return (pos<0 || pos>=(int)_width)?out_value:_data[pos].atXYZ(x,y,z,c,out_value);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to pixel value with Neumann boundary conditions for the 4 first coordinates (\c pos, \c x,\c y,\c z).
+    /**
+       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \note <tt>list.atNXYZ(p,x,y,z,c);</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list[p].atXYZ(x,y,z,c);</tt>.
+    **/
+   T& atNXYZ(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c=0) {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "atNXYZ(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+
+      return _atNXYZ(pos,x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to pixel value with Neumann boundary conditions for the 4 first coordinates (\c pos, \c x,\c y,\c z) \const.
+    T atNXYZ(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c=0) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "atNXYZ(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+
+      return _atNXYZ(pos,x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    T& _atNXYZ(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c=0) {
+      return _data[pos<0?0:(pos>=(int)_width?(int)_width-1:pos)].atXYZ(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    T _atNXYZ(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c=0) const {
+      return _data[pos<0?0:(pos>=(int)_width?(int)_width-1:pos)].atXYZ(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to pixel value with Dirichlet boundary conditions for the 3 first coordinates (\c pos, \c x,\c y).
+    /**
+       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param out_value Default value returned if \c offset is outside image bounds.
+       \note <tt>list.atNXYZ(p,x,y,z,c);</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list[p].atXYZ(x,y,z,c);</tt>.
+    **/
+    T& atNXY(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) {
+      return (pos<0 || pos>=(int)_width)?(cimg::temporary(out_value)=out_value):_data[pos].atXY(x,y,z,c,out_value);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to pixel value with Dirichlet boundary conditions for the 3 first coordinates (\c pos, \c x,\c y) \const.
+    T atNXY(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
+      return (pos<0 || pos>=(int)_width)?out_value:_data[pos].atXY(x,y,z,c,out_value);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to pixel value with Neumann boundary conditions for the 3 first coordinates (\c pos, \c x,\c y).
+    /**
+       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \note <tt>list.atNXYZ(p,x,y,z,c);</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list[p].atXYZ(x,y,z,c);</tt>.
+    **/
+    T& atNXY(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z=0, const int c=0) {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "atNXY(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+
+      return _atNXY(pos,x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to pixel value with Neumann boundary conditions for the 3 first coordinates (\c pos, \c x,\c y) \const.
+    T atNXY(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "atNXY(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+
+      return _atNXY(pos,x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    T& _atNXY(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z=0, const int c=0) {
+      return _data[pos<0?0:(pos>=(int)_width?(int)_width-1:pos)].atXY(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    T _atNXY(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
+      return _data[pos<0?0:(pos>=(int)_width?(int)_width-1:pos)].atXY(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to pixel value with Dirichlet boundary conditions for the 2 first coordinates (\c pos,\c x).
+    /**
+       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param out_value Default value returned if \c offset is outside image bounds.
+       \note <tt>list.atNXYZ(p,x,y,z,c);</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list[p].atXYZ(x,y,z,c);</tt>.
+    **/
+    T& atNX(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) {
+      return (pos<0 || pos>=(int)_width)?(cimg::temporary(out_value)=out_value):_data[pos].atX(x,y,z,c,out_value);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to pixel value with Dirichlet boundary conditions for the 2 first coordinates (\c pos,\c x) \const.
+    T atNX(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
+      return (pos<0 || pos>=(int)_width)?out_value:_data[pos].atX(x,y,z,c,out_value);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to pixel value with Neumann boundary conditions for the 2 first coordinates (\c pos, \c x).
+    /**
+       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \note <tt>list.atNXYZ(p,x,y,z,c);</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list[p].atXYZ(x,y,z,c);</tt>.
+    **/
+    T& atNX(const int pos, const int x, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "atNX(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+
+      return _atNX(pos,x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to pixel value with Neumann boundary conditions for the 2 first coordinates (\c pos, \c x) \const.
+    T atNX(const int pos, const int x, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "atNX(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+
+      return _atNX(pos,x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    T& _atNX(const int pos, const int x, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) {
+      return _data[pos<0?0:(pos>=(int)_width?(int)_width-1:pos)].atX(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    T _atNX(const int pos, const int x, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
+      return _data[pos<0?0:(pos>=(int)_width?(int)_width-1:pos)].atX(x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to pixel value with Dirichlet boundary conditions for the first coordinate (\c pos).
+    /**
+       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param out_value Default value returned if \c offset is outside image bounds.
+       \note <tt>list.atNXYZ(p,x,y,z,c);</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list[p].atXYZ(x,y,z,c);</tt>.
+    **/
+    T& atN(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) {
+      return (pos<0 || pos>=(int)_width)?(cimg::temporary(out_value)=out_value):(*this)(pos,x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Access to pixel value with Dirichlet boundary conditions for the first coordinate (\c pos) \const.
+    T atN(const int pos, const int x, const int y, const int z, const int c, const T out_value) const {
+      return (pos<0 || pos>=(int)_width)?out_value:(*this)(pos,x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Return pixel value with Neumann boundary conditions for the first coordinate (\c pos).
+    /**
+       \param pos Indice of the image element to access.
+       \param x X-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the pixel value.
+       \note <tt>list.atNXYZ(p,x,y,z,c);</tt> is equivalent to <tt>list[p].atXYZ(x,y,z,c);</tt>.
+    **/
+    T& atN(const int pos, const int x=0, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "atN(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+      return _atN(pos,x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Return pixel value with Neumann boundary conditions for the first coordinate (\c pos) \const.
+    T atN(const int pos, const int x=0, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "atN(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+      return _atN(pos,x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    T& _atN(const int pos, const int x=0, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) {
+      return _data[pos<0?0:(pos>=(int)_width?(int)_width-1:pos)](x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    T _atN(const int pos, const int x=0, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
+      return _data[pos<0?0:(pos>=(int)_width?(int)_width-1:pos)](x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a C-string containing the values of all images in the instance list.
+    /**
+       \param separator Character separator set between consecutive pixel values.
+       \param max_size Maximum size of the returned string.
+       \note The result is returne as a <tt>CImg<char></tt> image whose pixel buffer contains the desired C-string.
+    **/
+    CImg<charT> value_string(const char separator=',', const unsigned int max_size=0) const {
+      if (is_empty()) return CImg<ucharT>(1,1,1,1,0);
+      CImgList<charT> items;
+      for (unsigned int l = 0; l<_width-1; ++l) {
+        CImg<charT> item = _data[l].value_string(separator,0);
+        item.back() = separator;
+        item.move_to(items);
+      }
+      _data[_width-1].value_string(separator,0).move_to(items);
+      CImg<charT> res; (items>'x').move_to(res);
+      if (max_size) { res.crop(0,max_size); res(max_size) = 0; }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //-------------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Instance Checking
+    //@{
+    //-------------------------------------
+
+    //! Return \c true if list is empty.
+    /**
+    **/
+    bool is_empty() const {
+      return (!_data || !_width);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if number of image elements is equal to specified value.
+    /**
+        \param size_n Number of image elements to test.
+    **/
+    bool is_sameN(const unsigned int size_n) const {
+      return _width==size_n;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if number of image elements is equal between two images lists.
+    /**
+        \param list Input list to compare with.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool is_sameN(const CImgList<t>& list) const {
+      return is_sameN(list._width);
+    }
+
+    // Define useful functions to check list dimensions.
+    // (cannot be documented because macro-generated).
+#define _cimglist_def_is_same1(axis) \
+    bool is_same##axis(const unsigned int val) const { \
+      bool res = true; \
+      for (unsigned int l = 0; l<_width && res; ++l) res = _data[l].is_same##axis(val); return res; \
+    } \
+    bool is_sameN##axis(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int val) const { \
+      return is_sameN(n) && is_same##axis(val); \
+    } \
+
+#define _cimglist_def_is_same2(axis1,axis2) \
+    bool is_same##axis1##axis2(const unsigned int val1, const unsigned int val2) const { \
+      bool res = true; \
+      for (unsigned int l = 0; l<_width && res; ++l) res = _data[l].is_same##axis1##axis2(val1,val2); return res; \
+    } \
+    bool is_sameN##axis1##axis2(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int val1, const unsigned int val2) const { \
+      return is_sameN(n) && is_same##axis1##axis2(val1,val2); \
+    } \
+
+#define _cimglist_def_is_same3(axis1,axis2,axis3) \
+    bool is_same##axis1##axis2##axis3(const unsigned int val1, const unsigned int val2, \
+                                      const unsigned int val3) const { \
+      bool res = true; \
+      for (unsigned int l = 0; l<_width && res; ++l) res = _data[l].is_same##axis1##axis2##axis3(val1,val2,val3); \
+      return res; \
+    } \
+    bool is_sameN##axis1##axis2##axis3(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int val1, \
+                                       const unsigned int val2, const unsigned int val3) const { \
+      return is_sameN(n) && is_same##axis1##axis2##axis3(val1,val2,val3); \
+    } \
+
+#define _cimglist_def_is_same(axis) \
+    template<typename t> bool is_same##axis(const CImg<t>& img) const { \
+      bool res = true; for (unsigned int l = 0; l<_width && res; ++l) res = _data[l].is_same##axis(img); return res; \
+    } \
+    template<typename t> bool is_same##axis(const CImgList<t>& list) const { \
+      const unsigned int lmin = cimg::min(_width,list._width); \
+      bool res = true; for (unsigned int l = 0; l<lmin && res; ++l) res = _data[l].is_same##axis(list[l]); return res; \
+    } \
+    template<typename t> bool is_sameN##axis(const unsigned int n, const CImg<t>& img) const { \
+      return (is_sameN(n) && is_same##axis(img)); \
+    } \
+    template<typename t> bool is_sameN##axis(const CImgList<t>& list) const { \
+      return (is_sameN(list) && is_same##axis(list)); \
+    }
+
+    _cimglist_def_is_same(XY)
+    _cimglist_def_is_same(XZ)
+    _cimglist_def_is_same(XC)
+    _cimglist_def_is_same(YZ)
+    _cimglist_def_is_same(YC)
+    _cimglist_def_is_same(XYZ)
+    _cimglist_def_is_same(XYC)
+    _cimglist_def_is_same(YZC)
+    _cimglist_def_is_same(XYZC)
+    _cimglist_def_is_same1(X)
+    _cimglist_def_is_same1(Y)
+    _cimglist_def_is_same1(Z)
+    _cimglist_def_is_same1(C)
+    _cimglist_def_is_same2(X,Y)
+    _cimglist_def_is_same2(X,Z)
+    _cimglist_def_is_same2(X,C)
+    _cimglist_def_is_same2(Y,Z)
+    _cimglist_def_is_same2(Y,C)
+    _cimglist_def_is_same2(Z,C)
+    _cimglist_def_is_same3(X,Y,Z)
+    _cimglist_def_is_same3(X,Y,C)
+    _cimglist_def_is_same3(X,Z,C)
+    _cimglist_def_is_same3(Y,Z,C)
+
+    //! Test if dimensions of each image of the list match specified arguments.
+    /**
+      \param dx Checked image width.
+      \param dy Checked image height.
+      \param dz Checked image depth.
+      \param dc Checked image spectrum.
+    **/
+    bool is_sameXYZC(const unsigned int dx, const unsigned int dy,
+                     const unsigned int dz, const unsigned int dc) const {
+      bool res = true;
+      for (unsigned int l = 0; l<_width && res; ++l) res = _data[l].is_sameXYZC(dx,dy,dz,dc);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if list dimensions match specified arguments.
+    /**
+       \param n Number of images in the list.
+       \param dx Checked image width.
+       \param dy Checked image height.
+       \param dz Checked image depth.
+       \param dc Checked image spectrum.
+    **/
+    bool is_sameNXYZC(const unsigned int n,
+                      const unsigned int dx, const unsigned int dy,
+                      const unsigned int dz, const unsigned int dc) const {
+      return is_sameN(n) && is_sameXYZC(dx,dy,dz,dc);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if list contains one particular pixel location.
+    /**
+       \param n Index of the image whom checked pixel value belong to.
+       \param x X-coordinate of the checked pixel value.
+       \param y Y-coordinate of the checked pixel value.
+       \param z Z-coordinate of the checked pixel value.
+       \param c C-coordinate of the checked pixel value.
+    **/
+    bool containsNXYZC(const int n, const int x=0, const int y=0, const int z=0, const int c=0) const {
+      if (is_empty()) return false;
+      return n>=0 && n<(int)_width && x>=0 && x<_data[n].width() && y>=0 && y<_data[n].height() &&
+        z>=0 && z<_data[n].depth() && c>=0 && c<_data[n].spectrum();
+    }
+
+    //! Test if list contains image with specified indice.
+    /**
+       \param n Index of the checked image.
+    **/
+    bool containsN(const int n) const {
+      if (is_empty()) return false;
+      return n>=0 && n<(int)_width;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if one image of the list contains the specified referenced value.
+    /**
+       \param pixel Reference to pixel value to test.
+       \param[out] n Index of image containing the pixel value, if test succeeds.
+       \param[out] x X-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
+       \param[out] y Y-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
+       \param[out] z Z-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
+       \param[out] c C-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
+       \note If true, set coordinates (n,x,y,z,c).
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool contains(const T& pixel, t& n, t& x, t&y, t& z, t& c) const {
+      if (is_empty()) return false;
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) if (_data[l].contains(pixel,x,y,z,c)) { n = (t)l; return true; }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if one of the image list contains the specified referenced value.
+    /**
+       \param pixel Reference to pixel value to test.
+       \param[out] n Index of image containing the pixel value, if test succeeds.
+       \param[out] x X-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
+       \param[out] y Y-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
+       \param[out] z Z-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
+       \note If true, set coordinates (n,x,y,z).
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool contains(const T& pixel, t& n, t& x, t&y, t& z) const {
+      t c;
+      return contains(pixel,n,x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if one of the image list contains the specified referenced value.
+    /**
+       \param pixel Reference to pixel value to test.
+       \param[out] n Index of image containing the pixel value, if test succeeds.
+       \param[out] x X-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
+       \param[out] y Y-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
+       \note If true, set coordinates (n,x,y).
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool contains(const T& pixel, t& n, t& x, t&y) const {
+      t z, c;
+      return contains(pixel,n,x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if one of the image list contains the specified referenced value.
+    /**
+       \param pixel Reference to pixel value to test.
+       \param[out] n Index of image containing the pixel value, if test succeeds.
+       \param[out] x X-coordinate of the pixel value, if test succeeds.
+       \note If true, set coordinates (n,x).
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool contains(const T& pixel, t& n, t& x) const {
+      t y, z, c;
+      return contains(pixel,n,x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if one of the image list contains the specified referenced value.
+    /**
+       \param pixel Reference to pixel value to test.
+       \param[out] n Index of image containing the pixel value, if test succeeds.
+       \note If true, set coordinates (n).
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool contains(const T& pixel, t& n) const {
+      t x, y, z, c;
+      return contains(pixel,n,x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if one of the image list contains the specified referenced value.
+    /**
+       \param pixel Reference to pixel value to test.
+    **/
+    bool contains(const T& pixel) const {
+      unsigned int n, x, y, z, c;
+      return contains(pixel,n,x,y,z,c);
+    }
+
+    //! Test if the list contains the image 'img'.
+    /**
+       \param img Reference to image to test.
+       \param[out] n Index of image in the list, if test succeeds.
+       \note If true, returns the position (n) of the image in the list.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    bool contains(const CImg<T>& img, t& n) const {
+      if (is_empty()) return false;
+      const CImg<T> *const ptr = &img;
+      cimglist_for(*this,i) if (_data+i==ptr) { n = (t)i; return true; }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    //! Test if the list contains the image img.
+    /**
+       \param img Reference to image to test.
+    **/
+    bool contains(const CImg<T>& img) const {
+      unsigned int n;
+      return contains(img,n);
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //-------------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Mathematical Functions
+    //@{
+    //-------------------------------------
+
+    //! Return a reference to the minimum pixel value of the instance list.
+    /**
+    **/
+    T& min() {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "min(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+      T *ptr_min = _data->_data;
+      T min_value = *ptr_min;
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+        const CImg<T>& img = _data[l];
+        cimg_for(img,ptrs,T) if (*ptrs<min_value) min_value = *(ptr_min=ptrs);
+      }
+      return *ptr_min;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to the minimum pixel value of the instance list \const.
+    const T& min() const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "min(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+      const T *ptr_min = _data->_data;
+      T min_value = *ptr_min;
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+        const CImg<T>& img = _data[l];
+        cimg_for(img,ptrs,T) if (*ptrs<min_value) min_value = *(ptr_min=ptrs);
+      }
+      return *ptr_min;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to the maximum pixel value of the instance list.
+    /**
+    **/
+    T& max() {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "max(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+      T *ptr_max = _data->_data;
+      T max_value = *ptr_max;
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+        const CImg<T>& img = _data[l];
+        cimg_for(img,ptrs,T) if (*ptrs>max_value) max_value = *(ptr_max=ptrs);
+      }
+      return *ptr_max;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to the maximum pixel value of the instance list \const.
+    const T& max() const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "max(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+      const T *ptr_max = _data->_data;
+      T max_value = *ptr_max;
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+        const CImg<T>& img = _data[l];
+        cimg_for(img,ptrs,T) if (*ptrs>max_value) max_value = *(ptr_max=ptrs);
+      }
+      return *ptr_max;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to the minimum pixel value of the instance list and return the maximum vvalue as well.
+    /**
+       \param[out] max_val Value of the maximum value found.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    T& min_max(t& max_val) {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "min_max(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+      T *ptr_min = _data->_data;
+      T min_value = *ptr_min, max_value = min_value;
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+        const CImg<T>& img = _data[l];
+        cimg_for(img,ptrs,T) {
+          const T val = *ptrs;
+          if (val<min_value) { min_value = val; ptr_min = ptrs; }
+          if (val>max_value) max_value = val;
+        }
+      }
+      max_val = (t)max_value;
+      return *ptr_min;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to the minimum pixel value of the instance list and return the maximum vvalue as well \const.
+    /**
+       \param[out] max_val Value of the maximum value found.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    const T& min_max(t& max_val) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "min_max(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+      const T *ptr_min = _data->_data;
+      T min_value = *ptr_min, max_value = min_value;
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+        const CImg<T>& img = _data[l];
+        cimg_for(img,ptrs,T) {
+          const T val = *ptrs;
+          if (val<min_value) { min_value = val; ptr_min = ptrs; }
+          if (val>max_value) max_value = val;
+        }
+      }
+      max_val = (t)max_value;
+      return *ptr_min;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to the minimum pixel value of the instance list and return the minimum value as well.
+    /**
+       \param[out] min_val Value of the minimum value found.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    T& max_min(t& min_val) {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "max_min(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+      T *ptr_max = _data->_data;
+      T min_value = *ptr_max, max_value = min_value;
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+        const CImg<T>& img = _data[l];
+        cimg_for(img,ptrs,T) {
+          const T val = *ptrs;
+          if (val>max_value) { max_value = val; ptr_max = ptrs; }
+          if (val<min_value) min_value = val;
+        }
+      }
+      min_val = (t)min_value;
+      return *ptr_max;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a reference to the minimum pixel value of the instance list and return the minimum value as well \const.
+    template<typename t>
+    const T& max_min(t& min_val) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "max_min(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+      const T *ptr_max = _data->_data;
+      T min_value = *ptr_max, max_value = min_value;
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+        const CImg<T>& img = _data[l];
+        cimg_for(img,ptrs,T) {
+          const T val = *ptrs;
+          if (val>max_value) { max_value = val; ptr_max = ptrs; }
+          if (val<min_value) min_value = val;
+        }
+      }
+      min_val = (t)min_value;
+      return *ptr_max;
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //---------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name List Manipulation
+    //@{
+    //---------------------------
+
+    //! Insert a copy of the image \c img into the current image list, at position \c pos.
+    /**
+        \param img Image to insert a copy to the list.
+        \param pos Index of the insertion.
+        \param is_shared Tells if the inserted image is a shared copy of \c img or not.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<T>& insert(const CImg<t>& img, const unsigned int pos=~0U, const bool is_shared=false) {
+      const unsigned int npos = pos==~0U?_width:pos;
+      if (npos>_width)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "insert(): Invalid insertion request of specified image (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) "
+                                    "at position %u.",
+                                    cimglist_instance,
+                                    img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum,img._data,npos);
+      if (is_shared)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "insert(): Invalid insertion request of specified shared image "
+                                    "CImg<%s>(%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) at position %u (pixel types are different).",
+                                    cimglist_instance,
+                                    img.pixel_type(),img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum,img._data,npos);
+
+      CImg<T> *const new_data = (++_width>_allocated_width)?new CImg<T>[_allocated_width?(_allocated_width<<=1):
+                                                                        (_allocated_width=16)]:0;
+      if (!_data) { // Insert new element into empty list.
+        _data = new_data;
+        *_data = img;
+      } else {
+        if (new_data) { // Insert with re-allocation.
+          if (npos) std::memcpy(new_data,_data,sizeof(CImg<T>)*npos);
+          if (npos!=_width-1) std::memcpy(new_data+npos+1,_data+npos,sizeof(CImg<T>)*(_width-1-npos));
+          std::memset(_data,0,sizeof(CImg<T>)*(_width-1));
+          delete[] _data;
+          _data = new_data;
+        } else if (npos!=_width-1)
+          std::memmove(_data+npos+1,_data+npos,sizeof(CImg<T>)*(_width-1-npos)); // Insert without re-allocation.
+        _data[npos]._width = _data[npos]._height = _data[npos]._depth = _data[npos]._spectrum = 0; _data[npos]._data = 0;
+        _data[npos] = img;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Insert a copy of the image \c img into the current image list, at position \c pos \specialization.
+    CImgList<T>& insert(const CImg<T>& img, const unsigned int pos=~0U, const bool is_shared=false) {
+      const unsigned int npos = pos==~0U?_width:pos;
+      if (npos>_width)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "insert(): Invalid insertion request of specified image (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) "
+                                    "at position %u.",
+                                    cimglist_instance,
+                                    img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum,img._data,npos);
+      CImg<T> *const new_data = (++_width>_allocated_width)?new CImg<T>[_allocated_width?(_allocated_width<<=1):
+                                                                        (_allocated_width=16)]:0;
+      if (!_data) { // Insert new element into empty list.
+        _data = new_data;
+        if (is_shared && img) {
+          _data->_width = img._width;
+          _data->_height = img._height;
+          _data->_depth = img._depth;
+          _data->_spectrum = img._spectrum;
+          _data->_is_shared = true;
+          _data->_data = img._data;
+        } else *_data = img;
+      }
+      else {
+        if (new_data) { // Insert with re-allocation.
+          if (npos) std::memcpy(new_data,_data,sizeof(CImg<T>)*npos);
+          if (npos!=_width-1) std::memcpy(new_data+npos+1,_data+npos,sizeof(CImg<T>)*(_width-1-npos));
+          if (is_shared && img) {
+            new_data[npos]._width = img._width;
+            new_data[npos]._height = img._height;
+            new_data[npos]._depth = img._depth;
+            new_data[npos]._spectrum = img._spectrum;
+            new_data[npos]._is_shared = true;
+            new_data[npos]._data = img._data;
+          } else {
+            new_data[npos]._width = new_data[npos]._height = new_data[npos]._depth = new_data[npos]._spectrum = 0;
+            new_data[npos]._data = 0;
+            new_data[npos] = img;
+          }
+          std::memset(_data,0,sizeof(CImg<T>)*(_width-1));
+          delete[] _data;
+          _data = new_data;
+        } else { // Insert without re-allocation.
+          if (npos!=_width-1) std::memmove(_data+npos+1,_data+npos,sizeof(CImg<T>)*(_width-1-npos));
+          if (is_shared && img) {
+            _data[npos]._width = img._width;
+            _data[npos]._height = img._height;
+            _data[npos]._depth = img._depth;
+            _data[npos]._spectrum = img._spectrum;
+            _data[npos]._is_shared = true;
+            _data[npos]._data = img._data;
+          } else {
+            _data[npos]._width = _data[npos]._height = _data[npos]._depth = _data[npos]._spectrum = 0;
+            _data[npos]._data = 0;
+            _data[npos] = img;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Insert a copy of the image \c img into the current image list, at position \c pos \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<T> get_insert(const CImg<t>& img, const unsigned int pos=~0U, const bool is_shared=false) const {
+      return (+*this).insert(img,pos,is_shared);
+    }
+
+    //! Insert n empty images img into the current image list, at position \p pos.
+    /**
+       \param n Number of empty images to insert.
+       \param pos Index of the insertion.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& insert(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int pos=~0U) {
+      CImg<T> empty;
+      if (!n) return *this;
+      const unsigned int npos = pos==~0U?_width:pos;
+      for (unsigned int i = 0; i<n; ++i) insert(empty,npos+i);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Insert n empty images img into the current image list, at position \p pos \newinstance.
+    CImgList<T> get_insert(const unsigned int n, const unsigned int pos=~0U) const {
+      return (+*this).insert(n,pos);
+    }
+
+    //! Insert \c n copies of the image \c img into the current image list, at position \c pos.
+    /**
+       \param n Number of image copies to insert.
+       \param img Image to insert by copy.
+       \param pos Index of the insertion.
+       \param is_shared Tells if inserted images are shared copies of \c img or not.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<T>& insert(const unsigned int n, const CImg<t>& img, const unsigned int pos=~0U,
+                        const bool is_shared=false) {
+      if (!n) return *this;
+      const unsigned int npos = pos==~0U?_width:pos;
+      insert(img,npos,is_shared);
+      for (unsigned int i = 1; i<n; ++i) insert(_data[npos],npos+i,is_shared);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Insert \c n copies of the image \c img into the current image list, at position \c pos \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<T> get_insert(const unsigned int n, const CImg<t>& img, const unsigned int pos=~0U,
+                           const bool is_shared=false) const {
+      return (+*this).insert(n,img,pos,is_shared);
+    }
+
+    //! Insert a copy of the image list \c list into the current image list, starting from position \c pos.
+    /**
+      \param list Image list to insert.
+      \param pos Index of the insertion.
+      \param is_shared Tells if inserted images are shared copies of images of \c list or not.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<T>& insert(const CImgList<t>& list, const unsigned int pos=~0U, const bool is_shared=false) {
+      const unsigned int npos = pos==~0U?_width:pos;
+      if ((void*)this!=(void*)&list) cimglist_for(list,l) insert(list[l],npos+l,is_shared);
+      else insert(CImgList<T>(list),npos,is_shared);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Insert a copy of the image list \c list into the current image list, starting from position \c pos \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<T> get_insert(const CImgList<t>& list, const unsigned int pos=~0U, const bool is_shared=false) const {
+      return (+*this).insert(list,pos,is_shared);
+    }
+
+    //! Insert n copies of the list \c list at position \c pos of the current list.
+    /**
+      \param n Number of list copies to insert.
+      \param list Image list to insert.
+      \param pos Index of the insertion.
+      \param is_shared Tells if inserted images are shared copies of images of \c list or not.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<T>& insert(const unsigned int n, const CImgList<t>& list, const unsigned int pos=~0U,
+                        const bool is_shared=false) {
+      if (!n) return *this;
+      const unsigned int npos = pos==~0U?_width:pos;
+      for (unsigned int i = 0; i<n; ++i) insert(list,npos,is_shared);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Insert n copies of the list \c list at position \c pos of the current list \newinstance.
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<T> get_insert(const unsigned int n, const CImgList<t>& list, const unsigned int pos=~0U,
+                           const bool is_shared=false) const {
+      return (+*this).insert(n,list,pos,is_shared);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove all images between from indexes.
+    /**
+      \param pos1 Starting index of the removal.
+      \param pos2 Ending index of the removal.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& remove(const unsigned int pos1, const unsigned int pos2) {
+      const unsigned int
+        npos1 = pos1<pos2?pos1:pos2,
+        tpos2 = pos1<pos2?pos2:pos1,
+        npos2 = tpos2<_width?tpos2:_width-1;
+      if (npos1>=_width)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "remove(): Invalid remove request at positions %u->%u.",
+                                    cimglist_instance,
+                                    npos1,tpos2);
+      else {
+        if (tpos2>=_width)
+          throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                      "remove(): Invalid remove request at positions %u->%u.",
+                                      cimglist_instance,
+                                      npos1,tpos2);
+
+        for (unsigned int k = npos1; k<=npos2; ++k) _data[k].assign();
+        const unsigned int nb = 1 + npos2 - npos1;
+        if (!(_width-=nb)) return assign();
+        if (_width>(_allocated_width>>2) || _allocated_width<=16) { // Removing items without reallocation.
+          if (npos1!=_width) std::memmove(_data+npos1,_data+npos2+1,sizeof(CImg<T>)*(_width - npos1));
+          std::memset(_data + _width,0,sizeof(CImg<T>)*nb);
+        } else { // Removing items with reallocation.
+          _allocated_width>>=2;
+          while (_allocated_width>16 && _width<(_allocated_width>>1)) _allocated_width>>=1;
+          CImg<T> *const new_data = new CImg<T>[_allocated_width];
+          if (npos1) std::memcpy(new_data,_data,sizeof(CImg<T>)*npos1);
+          if (npos1!=_width) std::memcpy(new_data+npos1,_data+npos2+1,sizeof(CImg<T>)*(_width-npos1));
+          if (_width!=_allocated_width) std::memset(new_data+_width,0,sizeof(_allocated_width - _width));
+          std::memset(_data,0,sizeof(CImg<T>)*(_width+nb));
+          delete[] _data;
+          _data = new_data;
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Remove all images between from indexes \newinstance.
+    CImgList<T> get_remove(const unsigned int pos1, const unsigned int pos2) const {
+      return (+*this).remove(pos1,pos2);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove image at index \c pos from the image list.
+    /**
+      \param pos Index of the image to remove.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& remove(const unsigned int pos) {
+      return remove(pos,pos);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove image at index \c pos from the image list \newinstance.
+    CImgList<T> get_remove(const unsigned int pos) const {
+      return (+*this).remove(pos);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove last image.
+    /**
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& remove() {
+      return remove(_width-1);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove last image \newinstance.
+    CImgList<T> get_remove() const {
+      return (+*this).remove();
+    }
+
+    //! Reverse list order.
+    CImgList<T>& reverse() {
+      for (unsigned int l = 0; l<_width/2; ++l) (*this)[l].swap((*this)[_width-1-l]);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Reverse list order \newinstance.
+    CImgList<T> get_reverse() const {
+      return (+*this).reverse();
+    }
+
+    //! Return a sublist.
+    /**
+      \param pos0 Starting index of the sublist.
+      \param pos1 Ending index of the sublist.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& images(const unsigned int pos0, const unsigned int pos1) {
+      return get_images(pos0,pos1).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a sublist \newinstance.
+    CImgList<T> get_images(const unsigned int pos0, const unsigned int pos1) const {
+      if (pos0>pos1 || pos1>=_width)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "images(): Specified sub-list indices (%u->%u) are out of bounds.",
+                                    cimglist_instance,
+                                    pos0,pos1);
+      CImgList<T> res(pos1-pos0+1);
+      cimglist_for(res,l) res[l].assign(_data[pos0+l]);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a shared sublist.
+    /**
+      \param pos0 Starting index of the sublist.
+      \param pos1 Ending index of the sublist.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T> get_shared_images(const unsigned int pos0, const unsigned int pos1) {
+      if (pos0>pos1 || pos1>=_width)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "get_shared_images(): Specified sub-list indices (%u->%u) are out of bounds.",
+                                    cimglist_instance,
+                                    pos0,pos1);
+      CImgList<T> res(pos1-pos0+1);
+      cimglist_for(res,l) res[l].assign(_data[pos0+l],_data[pos0+l]?true:false);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a shared sublist \newinstance.
+    const CImgList<T> get_shared_images(const unsigned int pos0, const unsigned int pos1) const {
+      if (pos0>pos1 || pos1>=_width)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "get_shared_images(): Specified sub-list indices (%u->%u) are out of bounds.",
+                                    cimglist_instance,
+                                    pos0,pos1);
+      CImgList<T> res(pos1-pos0+1);
+      cimglist_for(res,l) res[l].assign(_data[pos0+l],_data[pos0+l]?true:false);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a single image which is the appending of all images of the current CImgList instance.
+    /**
+       \param axis Appending axis. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
+       \param align Appending alignment.
+    **/
+    CImg<T> get_append(const char axis, const float align=0) const {
+      if (is_empty()) return CImg<T>();
+      if (_width==1) return +((*this)[0]);
+      unsigned int dx = 0, dy = 0, dz = 0, dc = 0, pos = 0;
+      CImg<T> res;
+      switch (cimg::uncase(axis)) {
+      case 'x' : { // Along the X-axis.
+        cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+          const CImg<T>& img = (*this)[l];
+          if (img) {
+            dx+=img._width;
+            dy = cimg::max(dy,img._height);
+            dz = cimg::max(dz,img._depth);
+            dc = cimg::max(dc,img._spectrum);
+          }
+        }
+        res.assign(dx,dy,dz,dc,0);
+        if (res) cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+            const CImg<T>& img = (*this)[l];
+            if (img) res.draw_image(pos,
+                                    (int)(align*(dy-img._height)),
+                                    (int)(align*(dz-img._depth)),
+                                    (int)(align*(dc-img._spectrum)),
+                                    img);
+            pos+=img._width;
+          }
+      } break;
+      case 'y' : { // Along the Y-axis.
+        cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+          const CImg<T>& img = (*this)[l];
+          if (img) {
+            dx = cimg::max(dx,img._width);
+            dy+=img._height;
+            dz = cimg::max(dz,img._depth);
+            dc = cimg::max(dc,img._spectrum);
+          }
+        }
+        res.assign(dx,dy,dz,dc,0);
+        if (res) cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+            const CImg<T>& img = (*this)[l];
+            if (img) res.draw_image((int)(align*(dx-img._width)),
+                                    pos,
+                                    (int)(align*(dz-img._depth)),
+                                    (int)(align*(dc-img._spectrum)),
+                                    img);
+            pos+=img._height;
+          }
+      } break;
+      case 'z' : { // Along the Z-axis.
+        cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+          const CImg<T>& img = (*this)[l];
+          if (img) {
+            dx = cimg::max(dx,img._width);
+            dy = cimg::max(dy,img._height);
+            dz+=img._depth;
+            dc = cimg::max(dc,img._spectrum);
+          }
+        }
+        res.assign(dx,dy,dz,dc,0);
+        if (res) cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+            const CImg<T>& img = (*this)[l];
+            if (img) res.draw_image((int)(align*(dx-img._width)),
+                                    (int)(align*(dy-img._height)),
+                                    pos,
+                                    (int)(align*(dc-img._spectrum)),
+                                    img);
+            pos+=img._depth;
+          }
+      } break;
+      default : { // Along the C-axis.
+        cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+          const CImg<T>& img = (*this)[l];
+          if (img) {
+            dx = cimg::max(dx,img._width);
+            dy = cimg::max(dy,img._height);
+            dz = cimg::max(dz,img._depth);
+            dc+=img._spectrum;
+          }
+        }
+        res.assign(dx,dy,dz,dc,0);
+        if (res) cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+            const CImg<T>& img = (*this)[l];
+            if (img) res.draw_image((int)(align*(dx-img._width)),
+                                    (int)(align*(dy-img._height)),
+                                    (int)(align*(dz-img._depth)),
+                                    pos,
+                                    img);
+            pos+=img._spectrum;
+          }
+      }
+      }
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a list where each image has been split along the specified axis.
+    /**
+        \param axis Axis to split images along.
+        \param nb Number of spliting parts for each image.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& split(const char axis, const int nb=0) {
+      return get_split(axis,nb).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Return a list where each image has been split along the specified axis \newinstance.
+    CImgList<T> get_split(const char axis, const int nb=0) const {
+      CImgList<T> res;
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) _data[l].get_split(axis,nb).move_to(res,~0U);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Insert image at the end of the list.
+    /**
+      \param img Image to insert.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<T>& push_back(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      return insert(img);
+    }
+
+    //! Insert image at the front of the list.
+    /**
+      \param img Image to insert.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<T>& push_front(const CImg<t>& img) {
+      return insert(img,0);
+    }
+
+    //! Insert list at the end of the current list.
+    /**
+      \param list List to insert.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<T>& push_back(const CImgList<t>& list) {
+      return insert(list);
+    }
+
+    //! Insert list at the front of the current list.
+    /**
+      \param list List to insert.
+    **/
+    template<typename t>
+    CImgList<T>& push_front(const CImgList<t>& list) {
+      return insert(list,0);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove last image.
+    /**
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& pop_back() {
+      return remove(_width-1);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove first image.
+    /**
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& pop_front() {
+      return remove(0);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove image pointed by iterator.
+    /**
+      \param iter Iterator pointing to the image to remove.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& erase(const iterator iter) {
+      return remove(iter-_data);
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //----------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Data Input
+    //@{
+    //----------------------------------
+
+    //! Display a simple interactive interface to select images or sublists.
+    /**
+       \param disp Window instance to display selection and user interface.
+       \param feature_type Can be \c false to select a single image, or \c true to select a sublist.
+       \param axis Axis along whom images are appended for visualization.
+       \param align Alignment setting when images have not all the same size.
+       \return A one-column vector containing the selected image indexes.
+    **/
+    CImg<intT> get_select(CImgDisplay &disp, const bool feature_type=true,
+                          const char axis='x', const float align=0) const {
+      return _get_select(disp,0,feature_type,axis,align,0,false,false,false);
+    }
+
+    //! Display a simple interactive interface to select images or sublists.
+    /**
+       \param title Title of a new window used to display selection and user interface.
+       \param feature_type Can be \c false to select a single image, or \c true to select a sublist.
+       \param axis Axis along whom images are appended for visualization.
+       \param align Alignment setting when images have not all the same size.
+       \return A one-column vector containing the selected image indexes.
+    **/
+    CImg<intT> get_select(const char *const title, const bool feature_type=true,
+                          const char axis='x', const float align=0) const {
+      CImgDisplay disp;
+      return _get_select(disp,title,feature_type,axis,align,0,false,false,false);
+    }
+
+    CImg<intT> _get_select(CImgDisplay &disp, const char *const title, const bool feature_type,
+                           const char axis, const float align,
+                           const unsigned int orig, const bool resize_disp,
+                           const bool exit_on_rightbutton, const bool exit_on_wheel) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "select(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+
+      // Create image correspondence table and get list dimensions for visualization.
+      CImgList<uintT> _indices;
+      unsigned int max_width = 0, max_height = 0, sum_width = 0, sum_height = 0;
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+        const CImg<T>& img = _data[l];
+        const unsigned int
+          w = CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(img._width,img._height,img._depth,128,-85,false),
+          h = CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(img._width,img._height,img._depth,128,-85,true);
+        if (w>max_width) max_width = w;
+        if (h>max_height) max_height = h;
+        sum_width+=w; sum_height+=h;
+        if (axis=='x') CImg<uintT>(w,1,1,1,(unsigned int)l).move_to(_indices);
+        else CImg<uintT>(h,1,1,1,(unsigned int)l).move_to(_indices);
+      }
+      const CImg<uintT> indices0 = _indices>'x';
+
+      // Create display window.
+      if (!disp) {
+        if (axis=='x') disp.assign(cimg_fitscreen(sum_width,max_height,1),title?title:0,1);
+        else disp.assign(cimg_fitscreen(max_width,sum_height,1),title?title:0,1);
+        if (!title) disp.set_title("CImgList<%s> (%u)",pixel_type(),_width);
+      } else if (title) disp.set_title("%s",title);
+      if (resize_disp) {
+        if (axis=='x') disp.resize(cimg_fitscreen(sum_width,max_height,1),false);
+        else disp.resize(cimg_fitscreen(max_width,sum_height,1),false);
+      }
+
+      const unsigned int old_normalization = disp.normalization();
+      bool old_is_resized = disp.is_resized();
+      disp._normalization = 0;
+      disp.show().set_key(0);
+      const unsigned char foreground_color[] = { 255,255,255 }, background_color[] = { 0,0,0 };
+
+      // Enter event loop.
+      CImg<ucharT> visu0, visu;
+      CImg<uintT> indices;
+      CImg<intT> positions(_width,4,1,1,-1);
+      int oindice0 = -1, oindice1 = -1, indice0 = -1, indice1 = -1;
+      bool is_clicked = false, is_selected = false, text_down = false, update_display = true;
+      unsigned int key = 0;
+      while (!is_selected && !disp.is_closed() && !key) {
+
+        // Create background image.
+        if (!visu0) {
+          visu0.assign(disp._width,disp._height,1,3,0); visu.assign();
+          (indices0.get_resize(axis=='x'?visu0._width:visu0._height,1)).move_to(indices);
+          unsigned int ind = 0;
+          if (axis=='x') for (unsigned int x = 0; x<visu0._width; ) {
+              const unsigned int x0 = x;
+              ind = indices[x];
+              while (x<indices._width && indices[x++]==ind) {}
+              const CImg<T>
+                onexone(1,1,1,1,0),
+                &src = _data[ind]?_data[ind]:onexone;
+              CImg<ucharT> res;
+              src.__get_select(disp,old_normalization,(src._width-1)/2,(src._height-1)/2,(src._depth-1)/2).move_to(res);
+              const unsigned int h = CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(res._width,res._height,1,128,-85,true);
+              res.resize(x - x0,cimg::max(32U,h*disp._height/max_height),1,res._spectrum==1?3:-100);
+              positions(ind,0) = positions(ind,2) = (int)x0;
+              positions(ind,1) = positions(ind,3) = (int)(align*(visu0.height()-res.height()));
+              positions(ind,2)+=res._width;
+              positions(ind,3)+=res._height - 1;
+              visu0.draw_image(positions(ind,0),positions(ind,1),res);
+            } else for (unsigned int y = 0; y<visu0._height; ) {
+              const unsigned int y0 = y;
+              ind = indices[y];
+              while (y<visu0._height && indices[++y]==ind) {}
+              const CImg<T>
+                &src = _data[ind],
+                _img2d = src._depth>1?src.get_projections2d((src._width-1)/2,(src._height-1)/2,(src._depth-1)/2):
+                  CImg<T>(),
+                &img2d = _img2d?_img2d:src;
+              CImg<ucharT> res = old_normalization==1 ||
+                (old_normalization==3 && cimg::type<T>::string()!=cimg::type<unsigned char>::string())?
+                CImg<ucharT>(img2d.get_normalize(0,255)):
+                CImg<ucharT>(img2d);
+              if (res._spectrum>3) res.channels(0,2);
+              const unsigned int w = CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(res._width,res._height,1,128,-85,false);
+              res.resize(cimg::max(32U,w*disp._width/max_width),y - y0,1,res._spectrum==1?3:-100);
+              positions(ind,0) = positions(ind,2) = (int)(align*(visu0.width()-res.width()));
+              positions(ind,1) = positions(ind,3) = (int)y0;
+              positions(ind,2)+=res._width - 1;
+              positions(ind,3)+=res._height;
+              visu0.draw_image(positions(ind,0),positions(ind,1),res);
+            }
+          if (axis=='x') --positions(ind,2); else --positions(ind,3);
+          update_display = true;
+        }
+
+        if (!visu || oindice0!=indice0 || oindice1!=indice1) {
+          if (indice0>=0 && indice1>=0) {
+            visu.assign(visu0,false);
+            const int indm = cimg::min(indice0,indice1), indM = cimg::max(indice0,indice1);
+            for (int ind = indm; ind<=indM; ++ind) if (positions(ind,0)>=0) {
+                visu.draw_rectangle(positions(ind,0),positions(ind,1),positions(ind,2),positions(ind,3),
+                                    background_color,0.2f);
+                if ((axis=='x' && positions(ind,2) - positions(ind,0)>=8) ||
+                    (axis!='x' && positions(ind,3) - positions(ind,1)>=8))
+                  visu.draw_rectangle(positions(ind,0),positions(ind,1),positions(ind,2),positions(ind,3),
+                                      foreground_color,0.9f,0xAAAAAAAA);
+              }
+            const int yt = (int)text_down?visu.height()-13:0;
+            if (is_clicked) visu.draw_text(0,yt," Images #%u - #%u, Size = %u",
+                                           foreground_color,background_color,0.7f,13,
+                                           orig + indm,orig + indM,indM - indm + 1);
+            else visu.draw_text(0,yt," Image #%u (%u,%u,%u,%u)",foreground_color,background_color,0.7f,13,
+                                orig + indice0,
+                                _data[orig+indice0]._width,
+                                _data[orig+indice0]._height,
+                                _data[orig+indice0]._depth,
+                                _data[orig+indice0]._spectrum);
+            update_display = true;
+          } else visu.assign();
+        }
+        if (!visu) { visu.assign(visu0,true); update_display = true; }
+        if (update_display) { visu.display(disp); update_display = false; }
+        disp.wait();
+
+        // Manage user events.
+        const int xm = disp.mouse_x(), ym = disp.mouse_y();
+        int indice = -1;
+
+        if (xm>=0) {
+          indice = (int)indices(axis=='x'?xm:ym);
+          if (disp.button()&1) {
+            if (!is_clicked) { is_clicked = true; oindice0 = indice0; indice0 = indice; }
+            oindice1 = indice1; indice1 = indice;
+            if (!feature_type) is_selected = true;
+          } else {
+            if (!is_clicked) { oindice0 = oindice1 = indice0; indice0 = indice1 = indice; }
+            else is_selected = true;
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (is_clicked) {
+            if (!(disp.button()&1)) { is_clicked = is_selected = false; indice0 = indice1 = -1; }
+            else indice1 = -1;
+          } else indice0 = indice1 = -1;
+        }
+
+        if (disp.button()&4) { is_clicked = is_selected = false; indice0 = indice1 = -1; }
+        if (disp.button()&2 && exit_on_rightbutton) { is_selected = true; indice1 = indice0 = -1; }
+        if (disp.wheel() && exit_on_wheel) is_selected = true;
+
+        switch (key = disp.key()) {
+#if cimg_OS!=2
+        case cimg::keyCTRLRIGHT :
+#endif
+        case 0 : case cimg::keyCTRLLEFT : key = 0; break;
+        case cimg::keyD : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            disp.set_fullscreen(false).
+              resize(CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(3*disp.width()/2,3*disp.height()/2,1,128,-100,false),
+                     CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(3*disp.width()/2,3*disp.height()/2,1,128,-100,true),false).
+              _is_resized = true;
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; visu0.assign();
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyC : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            disp.set_fullscreen(false).
+              resize(cimg_fitscreen(2*disp.width()/3,2*disp.height()/3,1),false)._is_resized = true;
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; visu0.assign();
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyR : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            disp.set_fullscreen(false).
+              resize(cimg_fitscreen(axis=='x'?sum_width:max_width,axis=='x'?max_height:sum_height,1),false).
+              _is_resized = true;
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; visu0.assign();
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyF : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            disp.resize(disp.screen_width(),disp.screen_height(),false).toggle_fullscreen()._is_resized = true;
+            disp.set_key(key,false); key = 0; visu0.assign();
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyS : if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            static unsigned int snap_number = 0;
+            char filename[32] = { 0 };
+            std::FILE *file;
+            do {
+              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.bmp",snap_number++);
+              if ((file=std::fopen(filename,"r"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+            } while (file);
+            if (visu0) {
+              (+visu0).draw_text(0,0," Saving snapshot... ",
+                                 foreground_color,background_color,0.7f,13).display(disp);
+              visu0.save(filename);
+              (+visu0).draw_text(0,0," Snapshot '%s' saved. ",
+                                 foreground_color,background_color,0.7f,13,filename).display(disp);
+            }
+            disp.set_key(key,false).wait(); key = 0;
+          } break;
+        case cimg::keyO :
+          if (disp.is_keyCTRLLEFT() || disp.is_keyCTRLRIGHT()) {
+            static unsigned int snap_number = 0;
+            char filename[32] = { 0 };
+            std::FILE *file;
+            do {
+#ifdef cimg_use_zlib
+              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.cimgz",snap_number++);
+#else
+              cimg_snprintf(filename,sizeof(filename),cimg_appname "_%.4u.cimg",snap_number++);
+#endif
+              if ((file=std::fopen(filename,"r"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+            } while (file);
+            (+visu0).draw_text(0,0," Saving instance... ",
+                               foreground_color,background_color,0.7f,13).display(disp);
+            save(filename);
+            (+visu0).draw_text(0,0," Instance '%s' saved. ",
+                               foreground_color,background_color,0.7f,13,filename).display(disp);
+            disp.set_key(key,false).wait(); key = 0;
+          } break;
+        }
+        if (disp.is_resized()) { disp.resize(false); visu0.assign(); }
+        if (ym>=0 && ym<13) { if (!text_down) { visu.assign(); text_down = true; }}
+        else if (ym>=visu.height()-13) { if(text_down) { visu.assign(); text_down = false; }}
+      }
+      CImg<intT> res(1,2,1,1,-1);
+      if (is_selected) {
+        if (feature_type) res.fill(cimg::min(indice0,indice1),cimg::max(indice0,indice1));
+        else res.fill(indice0);
+      }
+      if (!(disp.button()&2)) disp.set_button();
+      disp._normalization = old_normalization;
+      disp._is_resized = old_is_resized;
+      disp.set_key(key);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Load a list from a file.
+    /**
+     \param filename Filename to read data from.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& load(const char *const filename) {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "load(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp(filename,"http://",7) || !cimg::strncasecmp(filename,"https://",8)) {
+        char filename_local[1024] = { 0 };
+        load(cimg::load_network_external(filename,filename_local));
+        std::remove(filename_local);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      const char *const ext = cimg::split_filename(filename);
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      try {
+#ifdef cimglist_load_plugin
+        cimglist_load_plugin(filename);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_load_plugin1
+        cimglist_load_plugin1(filename);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_load_plugin2
+        cimglist_load_plugin2(filename);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_load_plugin3
+        cimglist_load_plugin3(filename);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_load_plugin4
+        cimglist_load_plugin4(filename);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_load_plugin5
+        cimglist_load_plugin5(filename);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_load_plugin6
+        cimglist_load_plugin6(filename);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_load_plugin7
+        cimglist_load_plugin7(filename);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_load_plugin8
+        cimglist_load_plugin8(filename);
+#endif
+        if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"tif") ||
+            !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"tiff")) load_tiff(filename);
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"gif")) load_gif_external(filename);
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"cimg") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"cimgz") ||
+                 !*ext) load_cimg(filename);
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"rec") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"par")) load_parrec(filename);
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"avi") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mov") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"asf") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"divx") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"flv") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpg") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m1v") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m2v") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m4v") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mjp") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mp4") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mkv") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpe") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"movie") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogm") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogg") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogv") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"qt") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"rm") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"vob") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"wmv") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"xvid") ||
+                 !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpeg")) load_ffmpeg(filename);
+        else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"gz")) load_gzip_external(filename);
+        else throw CImgIOException("CImgList<%s>::load()",
+                                   pixel_type());
+      } catch (CImgIOException&) {
+        try {
+          cimg::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"rb"));
+        } catch (CImgIOException&) {
+          cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+          throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                                "load(): Failed to open file '%s'.",
+                                cimglist_instance,
+                                filename);
+        }
+        assign(1);
+        try {
+          _data->load(filename);
+        } catch (CImgIOException&) {
+          cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+          throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                                "load(): Failed to recognize format of file '%s'.",
+                                cimglist_instance,
+                                filename);
+        }
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load a list from a file \newinstance.
+    static CImgList<T> get_load(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImgList<T>().load(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load a list from a .cimg file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename to read data from.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& load_cimg(const char *const filename) {
+      return _load_cimg(0,filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load a list from a .cimg file \newinstance.
+    static CImgList<T> get_load_cimg(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImgList<T>().load_cimg(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load a list from a .cimg file.
+    /**
+      \param file File to read data from.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& load_cimg(std::FILE *const file) {
+      return _load_cimg(file,0);
+    }
+
+    //! Load a list from a .cimg file \newinstance.
+    static CImgList<T> get_load_cimg(std::FILE *const file) {
+      return CImgList<T>().load_cimg(file);
+    }
+
+    CImgList<T>& _load_cimg(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename) {
+#ifdef cimg_use_zlib
+#define _cimgz_load_cimg_case(Tss) { \
+   Bytef *const cbuf = new Bytef[csiz]; \
+   cimg::fread(cbuf,csiz,nfile); \
+   raw.assign(W,H,D,C); \
+   unsigned long destlen = (unsigned long)raw.size()*sizeof(Tss); \
+   uncompress((Bytef*)raw._data,&destlen,cbuf,csiz); \
+   delete[] cbuf; \
+   const Tss *ptrs = raw._data; \
+   for (unsigned long off = raw.size(); off; --off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(ptrs++); \
+}
+#else
+#define _cimgz_load_cimg_case(Tss) \
+   throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance \
+                         "load_cimg(): Unable to load compressed data from file '%s' unless zlib is enabled.", \
+                         cimglist_instance, \
+                         filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+#endif
+
+#define _cimg_load_cimg_case(Ts,Tss) \
+      if (!loaded && !cimg::strcasecmp(Ts,str_pixeltype)) { \
+        for (unsigned int l = 0; l<N; ++l) { \
+          j = 0; while ((i=std::fgetc(nfile))!='\n' && i>=0) tmp[j++] = (char)i; tmp[j] = 0; \
+          W = H = D = C = 0; csiz = 0; \
+          if ((err = std::sscanf(tmp,"%u %u %u %u #%u",&W,&H,&D,&C,&csiz))<4) \
+            throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance \
+                                  "load_cimg(): Invalid specified size (%u,%u,%u,%u) of image %u in file '%s'", \
+                                  cimglist_instance, \
+                                  W,H,D,C,l,filename?filename:("(FILE*)")); \
+          if (W*H*D*C>0) { \
+            CImg<Tss> raw; \
+            CImg<T> &img = _data[l]; \
+            img.assign(W,H,D,C); \
+            T *ptrd = img._data; \
+            if (err==5) _cimgz_load_cimg_case(Tss) \
+            else for (long to_read = (long)img.size(); to_read>0; ) { \
+              raw.assign(cimg::min(to_read,cimg_iobuffer)); \
+              cimg::fread(raw._data,raw._width,nfile); \
+              if (endian!=cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(raw._data,raw._width); \
+              to_read-=raw._width; \
+              const Tss *ptrs = raw._data; \
+              for (unsigned long off = (unsigned long)raw._width; off; --off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(ptrs++); \
+            } \
+          } \
+        } \
+        loaded = true; \
+      }
+
+      if (!filename && !file)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "load_cimg(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+
+      const int cimg_iobuffer = 12*1024*1024;
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
+      bool loaded = false, endian = cimg::endianness();
+      char tmp[256] = { 0 }, str_pixeltype[256] = { 0 }, str_endian[256] = { 0 };
+      unsigned int j, err, N = 0, W, H, D, C, csiz;
+      int i;
+      do {
+        j = 0; while ((i=std::fgetc(nfile))!='\n' && i!=EOF && j<256) tmp[j++] = (char)i; tmp[j] = 0;
+      } while (*tmp=='#' && i!=EOF);
+      err = std::sscanf(tmp,"%u%*c%255[A-Za-z_]%*c%255[sA-Za-z_ ]",&N,str_pixeltype,str_endian);
+      if (err<2) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "load_cimg(): CImg header not found in file '%s'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp("little",str_endian,6)) endian = false;
+      else if (!cimg::strncasecmp("big",str_endian,3)) endian = true;
+      assign(N);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case("bool",bool);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case("unsigned_char",unsigned char);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case("uchar",unsigned char);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case("char",char);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case("unsigned_short",unsigned short);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case("ushort",unsigned short);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case("short",short);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case("unsigned_int",unsigned int);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case("uint",unsigned int);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case("int",int);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case("unsigned_long",unsigned long);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case("ulong",unsigned long);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case("long",long);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case("float",float);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case("double",double);
+      if (!loaded) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "load_cimg(): Unsupported pixel type '%s' for file '%s'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              str_pixeltype,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load a sublist list from a (non compressed) .cimg file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename to read data from.
+      \param n0 Starting index of images to read (~0U for max).
+      \param n1 Ending index of images to read (~0U for max).
+      \param x0 Starting X-coordinates of image regions to read.
+      \param y0 Starting Y-coordinates of image regions to read.
+      \param z0 Starting Z-coordinates of image regions to read.
+      \param c0 Starting C-coordinates of image regions to read.
+      \param x1 Ending X-coordinates of image regions to read (~0U for max).
+      \param y1 Ending Y-coordinates of image regions to read (~0U for max).
+      \param z1 Ending Z-coordinates of image regions to read (~0U for max).
+      \param c1 Ending C-coordinates of image regions to read (~0U for max).
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& load_cimg(const char *const filename,
+                           const unsigned int n0, const unsigned int n1,
+                           const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
+                           const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0,
+                           const unsigned int x1, const unsigned int y1,
+                           const unsigned int z1, const unsigned int c1) {
+      return _load_cimg(0,filename,n0,n1,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1);
+    }
+
+    //! Load a sublist list from a (non compressed) .cimg file \newinstance.
+    static CImgList<T> get_load_cimg(const char *const filename,
+                                     const unsigned int n0, const unsigned int n1,
+                                     const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
+                                     const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0,
+                                     const unsigned int x1, const unsigned int y1,
+                                     const unsigned int z1, const unsigned int c1) {
+      return CImgList<T>().load_cimg(filename,n0,n1,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1);
+    }
+
+    //! Load a sub-image list from a (non compressed) .cimg file \overloading.
+    CImgList<T>& load_cimg(std::FILE *const file,
+                           const unsigned int n0, const unsigned int n1,
+                           const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
+                           const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0,
+                           const unsigned int x1, const unsigned int y1,
+                           const unsigned int z1, const unsigned int c1) {
+      return _load_cimg(file,0,n0,n1,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1);
+    }
+
+    //! Load a sub-image list from a (non compressed) .cimg file \newinstance.
+    static CImgList<T> get_load_cimg(std::FILE *const file,
+                                     const unsigned int n0, const unsigned int n1,
+                                     const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
+                                     const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0,
+                                     const unsigned int x1, const unsigned int y1,
+                                     const unsigned int z1, const unsigned int c1) {
+      return CImgList<T>().load_cimg(file,n0,n1,x0,y0,z0,c0,x1,y1,z1,c1);
+    }
+
+    CImgList<T>& _load_cimg(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename,
+			    const unsigned int n0, const unsigned int n1,
+			    const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
+                            const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0,
+			    const unsigned int x1, const unsigned int y1,
+                            const unsigned int z1, const unsigned int c1) {
+#define _cimg_load_cimg_case2(Ts,Tss) \
+      if (!loaded && !cimg::strcasecmp(Ts,str_pixeltype)) { \
+        for (unsigned int l = 0; l<=nn1; ++l) { \
+          j = 0; while ((i=std::fgetc(nfile))!='\n' && i>=0) tmp[j++] = (char)i; tmp[j] = 0; \
+          W = H = D = C = 0; \
+          if (std::sscanf(tmp,"%u %u %u %u",&W,&H,&D,&C)!=4) \
+            throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance \
+                                  "load_cimg(): Invalid specified size (%u,%u,%u,%u) of image %u in file '%s'", \
+                                  cimglist_instance, \
+                                  W,H,D,C,l,filename?filename:"(FILE*)"); \
+          if (W*H*D*C>0) { \
+            if (l<nn0 || nx0>=W || ny0>=H || nz0>=D || nc0>=C) std::fseek(nfile,W*H*D*C*sizeof(Tss),SEEK_CUR); \
+            else { \
+              const unsigned int \
+                _nx1 = nx1==~0U?W-1:nx1, \
+                _ny1 = ny1==~0U?H-1:ny1, \
+                _nz1 = nz1==~0U?D-1:nz1, \
+                _nc1 = nc1==~0U?C-1:nc1; \
+              if (_nx1>=W || _ny1>=H || _nz1>=D || _nc1>=C) \
+                throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance \
+                                            "load_cimg(): Invalid specified coordinates " \
+                                            "[%u](%u,%u,%u,%u) -> [%u](%u,%u,%u,%u) " \
+                                            "because image [%u] in file '%s' has size (%u,%u,%u,%u).", \
+                                            cimglist_instance, \
+                                            n0,x0,y0,z0,c0,n1,x1,y1,z1,c1,l,filename?filename:"(FILE*)",W,H,D,C); \
+              CImg<Tss> raw(1 + _nx1 - nx0); \
+              CImg<T> &img = _data[l - nn0]; \
+              img.assign(1 + _nx1 - nx0,1 + _ny1 - ny0,1 + _nz1 - nz0,1 + _nc1 - nc0); \
+              T *ptrd = img._data; \
+              const unsigned int skipvb = nc0*W*H*D*sizeof(Tss); \
+              if (skipvb) std::fseek(nfile,skipvb,SEEK_CUR); \
+              for (unsigned int c = 1 + _nc1 - nc0; c; --c) { \
+                const unsigned int skipzb = nz0*W*H*sizeof(Tss); \
+                if (skipzb) std::fseek(nfile,skipzb,SEEK_CUR); \
+                for (unsigned int z = 1 + _nz1 - nz0; z; --z) { \
+                  const unsigned int skipyb = ny0*W*sizeof(Tss); \
+                  if (skipyb) std::fseek(nfile,skipyb,SEEK_CUR); \
+                  for (unsigned int y = 1 + _ny1 - ny0; y; --y) { \
+                    const unsigned int skipxb = nx0*sizeof(Tss); \
+                    if (skipxb) std::fseek(nfile,skipxb,SEEK_CUR); \
+                    cimg::fread(raw._data,raw._width,nfile); \
+                    if (endian!=cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(raw._data,raw._width); \
+                    const Tss *ptrs = raw._data; \
+                    for (unsigned int off = raw._width; off; --off) *(ptrd++) = (T)*(ptrs++); \
+                    const unsigned int skipxe = (W-1-_nx1)*sizeof(Tss); \
+                    if (skipxe) std::fseek(nfile,skipxe,SEEK_CUR); \
+                  } \
+                  const unsigned int skipye = (H-1-_ny1)*W*sizeof(Tss); \
+                  if (skipye) std::fseek(nfile,skipye,SEEK_CUR); \
+                } \
+                const unsigned int skipze = (D-1-_nz1)*W*H*sizeof(Tss); \
+                if (skipze) std::fseek(nfile,skipze,SEEK_CUR); \
+              } \
+              const unsigned int skipve = (C-1-_nc1)*W*H*D*sizeof(Tss); \
+              if (skipve) std::fseek(nfile,skipve,SEEK_CUR); \
+            } \
+          } \
+        } \
+        loaded = true; \
+      }
+
+      if (!filename && !file)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "load_cimg(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+      unsigned int
+        nn0 = cimg::min(n0,n1), nn1 = cimg::max(n0,n1),
+        nx0 = cimg::min(x0,x1), nx1 = cimg::max(x0,x1),
+        ny0 = cimg::min(y0,y1), ny1 = cimg::max(y0,y1),
+        nz0 = cimg::min(z0,z1), nz1 = cimg::max(z0,z1),
+        nc0 = cimg::min(c0,c1), nc1 = cimg::max(c0,c1);
+
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
+      bool loaded = false, endian = cimg::endianness();
+      char tmp[256] = { 0 }, str_pixeltype[256] = { 0 }, str_endian[256] = { 0 };
+      unsigned int j, err, N, W, H, D, C;
+      int i;
+      j = 0; while((i=std::fgetc(nfile))!='\n' && i!=EOF && j<256) tmp[j++] = (char)i; tmp[j] = 0;
+      err = std::sscanf(tmp,"%u%*c%255[A-Za-z_]%*c%255[sA-Za-z_ ]",&N,str_pixeltype,str_endian);
+      if (err<2) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "load_cimg(): CImg header not found in file '%s'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp("little",str_endian,6)) endian = false;
+      else if (!cimg::strncasecmp("big",str_endian,3)) endian = true;
+      nn1 = n1==~0U?N-1:n1;
+      if (nn1>=N)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "load_cimg(): Invalid specified coordinates [%u](%u,%u,%u,%u) -> [%u](%u,%u,%u,%u) "
+                                    "because file '%s' contains only %u images.",
+                                    cimglist_instance,
+                                    n0,x0,y0,z0,c0,n1,x1,y1,z1,c1,filename?filename:"(FILE*)",N);
+      assign(1+nn1-n0);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("bool",bool);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("unsigned_char",unsigned char);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("uchar",unsigned char);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("char",char);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("unsigned_short",unsigned short);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("ushort",unsigned short);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("short",short);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("unsigned_int",unsigned int);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("uint",unsigned int);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("int",int);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("unsigned_long",unsigned long);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("ulong",unsigned long);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("long",long);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("float",float);
+      _cimg_load_cimg_case2("double",double);
+      if (!loaded) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "load_cimg(): Unsupported pixel type '%s' for file '%s'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              str_pixeltype,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load a list from a PAR/REC (Philips) file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename to read data from.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& load_parrec(const char *const filename) {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "load_parrec(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+
+      char body[1024] = { 0 }, filenamepar[1024] = { 0 }, filenamerec[1024] = { 0 };
+      const char *const ext = cimg::split_filename(filename,body);
+      if (!std::strcmp(ext,"par")) {
+        std::strncpy(filenamepar,filename,sizeof(filenamepar)-1);
+        cimg_snprintf(filenamerec,sizeof(filenamerec),"%s.rec",body);
+      }
+      if (!std::strcmp(ext,"PAR")) {
+        std::strncpy(filenamepar,filename,sizeof(filenamepar)-1);
+        cimg_snprintf(filenamerec,sizeof(filenamerec),"%s.REC",body);
+      }
+      if (!std::strcmp(ext,"rec")) {
+        std::strncpy(filenamerec,filename,sizeof(filenamerec)-1);
+        cimg_snprintf(filenamepar,sizeof(filenamepar),"%s.par",body);
+      }
+      if (!std::strcmp(ext,"REC")) {
+        std::strncpy(filenamerec,filename,sizeof(filenamerec)-1);
+        cimg_snprintf(filenamepar,sizeof(filenamepar),"%s.PAR",body);
+      }
+      std::FILE *file = cimg::fopen(filenamepar,"r");
+
+      // Parse header file
+      CImgList<floatT> st_slices;
+      CImgList<uintT> st_global;
+      int err;
+      char line[256] = { 0 };
+      do { err=std::fscanf(file,"%255[^\n]%*c",line); } while (err!=EOF && (*line=='#' || *line=='.'));
+      do {
+        unsigned int sn,size_x,size_y,pixsize;
+        float rs,ri,ss;
+        err = std::fscanf(file,"%u%*u%*u%*u%*u%*u%*u%u%*u%u%u%g%g%g%*[^\n]",&sn,&pixsize,&size_x,&size_y,&ri,&rs,&ss);
+        if (err==7) {
+          CImg<floatT>::vector((float)sn,(float)pixsize,(float)size_x,(float)size_y,ri,rs,ss,0).move_to(st_slices);
+          unsigned int i; for (i = 0; i<st_global._width && sn<=st_global[i][2]; ++i) {}
+          if (i==st_global._width) CImg<uintT>::vector(size_x,size_y,sn).move_to(st_global);
+          else {
+            CImg<uintT> &vec = st_global[i];
+            if (size_x>vec[0]) vec[0] = size_x;
+            if (size_y>vec[1]) vec[1] = size_y;
+            vec[2] = sn;
+          }
+          st_slices[st_slices._width-1][7] = (float)i;
+        }
+      } while (err==7);
+
+      // Read data
+      std::FILE *file2 = cimg::fopen(filenamerec,"rb");
+      cimglist_for(st_global,l) {
+        const CImg<uintT>& vec = st_global[l];
+        CImg<T>(vec[0],vec[1],vec[2]).move_to(*this);
+      }
+
+      cimglist_for(st_slices,l) {
+        const CImg<floatT>& vec = st_slices[l];
+        const unsigned int
+          sn = (unsigned int)vec[0] - 1,
+          pixsize = (unsigned int)vec[1],
+          size_x = (unsigned int)vec[2],
+          size_y = (unsigned int)vec[3],
+          imn = (unsigned int)vec[7];
+        const float ri = vec[4], rs = vec[5], ss = vec[6];
+        switch (pixsize) {
+        case 8 : {
+          CImg<ucharT> buf(size_x,size_y);
+          cimg::fread(buf._data,size_x*size_y,file2);
+          if (cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,size_x*size_y);
+          CImg<T>& img = (*this)[imn];
+          cimg_forXY(img,x,y) img(x,y,sn) = (T)(( buf(x,y)*rs + ri )/(rs*ss));
+        } break;
+        case 16 : {
+          CImg<ushortT> buf(size_x,size_y);
+          cimg::fread(buf._data,size_x*size_y,file2);
+          if (cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,size_x*size_y);
+          CImg<T>& img = (*this)[imn];
+          cimg_forXY(img,x,y) img(x,y,sn) = (T)(( buf(x,y)*rs + ri )/(rs*ss));
+        } break;
+        case 32 : {
+          CImg<uintT> buf(size_x,size_y);
+          cimg::fread(buf._data,size_x*size_y,file2);
+          if (cimg::endianness()) cimg::invert_endianness(buf._data,size_x*size_y);
+          CImg<T>& img = (*this)[imn];
+          cimg_forXY(img,x,y) img(x,y,sn) = (T)(( buf(x,y)*rs + ri )/(rs*ss));
+        } break;
+        default :
+          cimg::fclose(file);
+          cimg::fclose(file2);
+          throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                                "load_parrec(): Unsupported %d-bits pixel type for file '%s'.",
+                                cimglist_instance,
+                                pixsize,filename);
+        }
+      }
+      cimg::fclose(file);
+      cimg::fclose(file2);
+      if (!_width)
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "load_parrec(): Failed to recognize valid PAR-REC data in file '%s'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              filename);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load a list from a PAR/REC (Philips) file \newinstance.
+    static CImgList<T> get_load_parrec(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImgList<T>().load_parrec(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load a list from a YUV image sequence file.
+    /**
+        \param filename Filename to read data from.
+        \param size_x Width of the images.
+        \param size_y Height of the images.
+        \param first_frame Index of first image frame to read.
+        \param last_frame Index of last image frame to read.
+        \param step_frame Step applied between each frame.
+        \param yuv2rgb Apply YUV to RGB transformation during reading.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& load_yuv(const char *const filename,
+                          const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
+                          const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
+                          const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool yuv2rgb=true) {
+      return _load_yuv(0,filename,size_x,size_y,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,yuv2rgb);
+    }
+
+    //! Load a list from a YUV image sequence file \newinstance.
+    static CImgList<T> get_load_yuv(const char *const filename,
+                                    const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
+                                    const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
+                                    const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool yuv2rgb=true) {
+      return CImgList<T>().load_yuv(filename,size_x,size_y,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,yuv2rgb);
+    }
+
+    //! Load a list from an image sequence YUV file \overloading.
+    CImgList<T>& load_yuv(std::FILE *const file,
+                          const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
+                          const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
+                          const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool yuv2rgb=true) {
+      return _load_yuv(file,0,size_x,size_y,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,yuv2rgb);
+    }
+
+    //! Load a list from an image sequence YUV file \newinstance.
+    static CImgList<T> get_load_yuv(std::FILE *const file,
+                                    const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y=1,
+                                    const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
+                                    const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool yuv2rgb=true) {
+      return CImgList<T>().load_yuv(file,size_x,size_y,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,yuv2rgb);
+    }
+
+    CImgList<T>& _load_yuv(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename,
+			   const unsigned int size_x, const unsigned int size_y,
+			   const unsigned int first_frame, const unsigned int last_frame,
+			   const unsigned int step_frame, const bool yuv2rgb) {
+      if (!filename && !file)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "load_yuv(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+      if (size_x%2 || size_y%2)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "load_yuv(): Invalid odd XY dimensions %ux%u in file '%s'.",
+                                    cimglist_instance,
+                                    size_x,size_y,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      if (!size_x || !size_y)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "load_yuv(): Invalid sequence size (%u,%u) in file '%s'.",
+                                    cimglist_instance,
+                                    size_x,size_y,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+      const unsigned int
+	nfirst_frame = first_frame<last_frame?first_frame:last_frame,
+	nlast_frame = first_frame<last_frame?last_frame:first_frame,
+	nstep_frame = step_frame?step_frame:1;
+
+      CImg<ucharT> tmp(size_x,size_y,1,3), UV(size_x/2,size_y/2,1,2);
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb");
+      bool stop_flag = false;
+      int err;
+      if (nfirst_frame) {
+        err = std::fseek(nfile,nfirst_frame*(size_x*size_y + size_x*size_y/2),SEEK_CUR);
+        if (err) {
+          if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+          throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                                "load_yuv(): File '%s' doesn't contain frame number %u.",
+                                cimglist_instance,
+                                filename?filename:"(FILE*)",nfirst_frame);
+        }
+      }
+      unsigned int frame;
+      for (frame = nfirst_frame; !stop_flag && frame<=nlast_frame; frame+=nstep_frame) {
+        tmp.fill(0);
+        // *TRY* to read the luminance part, do not replace by cimg::fread!
+        err = (int)std::fread((void*)(tmp._data),1,(unsigned long)tmp._width*tmp._height,nfile);
+        if (err!=(int)(tmp._width*tmp._height)) {
+          stop_flag = true;
+          if (err>0)
+            cimg::warn(_cimglist_instance
+                       "load_yuv(): File '%s' contains incomplete data or given image dimensions "
+                       "(%u,%u) are incorrect.",
+                       cimglist_instance,
+                       filename?filename:"(FILE*)",size_x,size_y);
+        } else {
+          UV.fill(0);
+          // *TRY* to read the luminance part, do not replace by cimg::fread!
+          err = (int)std::fread((void*)(UV._data),1,(size_t)(UV.size()),nfile);
+          if (err!=(int)(UV.size())) {
+            stop_flag = true;
+            if (err>0)
+              cimg::warn(_cimglist_instance
+                         "load_yuv(): File '%s' contains incomplete data or given image dimensions (%u,%u) "
+                         "are incorrect.",
+                         cimglist_instance,
+                         filename?filename:"(FILE*)",size_x,size_y);
+          } else {
+            cimg_forXY(UV,x,y) {
+              const int x2 = x*2, y2 = y*2;
+              tmp(x2,y2,1) = tmp(x2+1,y2,1) = tmp(x2,y2+1,1) = tmp(x2+1,y2+1,1) = UV(x,y,0);
+              tmp(x2,y2,2) = tmp(x2+1,y2,2) = tmp(x2,y2+1,2) = tmp(x2+1,y2+1,2) = UV(x,y,1);
+            }
+            if (yuv2rgb) tmp.YCbCrtoRGB();
+            insert(tmp);
+	    if (nstep_frame>1) std::fseek(nfile,(nstep_frame-1)*(size_x*size_y + size_x*size_y/2),SEEK_CUR);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (stop_flag && nlast_frame!=~0U && frame!=nlast_frame)
+        cimg::warn(_cimglist_instance
+                   "load_yuv(): Frame %d not reached since only %u frames were found in file '%s'.",
+                   cimglist_instance,
+                   nlast_frame,frame-1,filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load an image from a video file, using ffmpeg libraries.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+      \param first_frame Index of the first frame to read.
+      \param last_frame Index of the last frame to read.
+      \param step_frame Step value for frame reading.
+      \param pixel_format To be documented.
+      \param resume To be documented.
+    **/
+    // This piece of code has been firstly created by David Starweather (starkdg(at)users(dot)sourceforge(dot)net)
+    // I modified it afterwards for direct inclusion in the library core.
+    CImgList<T>& load_ffmpeg(const char *const filename,
+                             const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
+			     const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool pixel_format=true, const bool resume=false) {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "load_ffmpeg(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+
+      const unsigned int
+	nfirst_frame = first_frame<last_frame?first_frame:last_frame,
+	nlast_frame = first_frame<last_frame?last_frame:first_frame,
+	nstep_frame = step_frame?step_frame:1;
+      assign();
+
+#ifndef cimg_use_ffmpeg
+      if ((nfirst_frame || nlast_frame!=~0U || nstep_frame>1) || (resume && (pixel_format || !pixel_format)))
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "load_ffmpeg(): Unable to load sub-frames from file '%s' unless libffmpeg "
+                                    "is enabled.",
+                                    cimglist_instance,
+                                    filename);
+
+      return load_ffmpeg_external(filename);
+#else
+      const PixelFormat ffmpeg_pixfmt = pixel_format?PIX_FMT_RGB24:PIX_FMT_GRAY8;
+      avcodec_register_all();
+      av_register_all();
+      static AVFormatContext *format_ctx = 0;
+      static AVCodecContext *codec_ctx = 0;
+      static AVCodec *codec = 0;
+      static AVFrame *avframe = avcodec_alloc_frame(), *converted_frame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
+      static int vstream = 0;
+
+      if (resume) {
+        if (!format_ctx || !codec_ctx || !codec || !avframe || !converted_frame)
+          throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                      "load_ffmpeg(): Failed to resume loading of file '%s', "
+                                      "due to unallocated FFMPEG structures.",
+                                      cimglist_instance,
+                                      filename);
+      } else {
+        // Open video file, find main video stream and codec.
+        if (format_ctx) avformat_close_input(&format_ctx);
+        if (avformat_open_input(&format_ctx,filename,0,0)!=0)
+          throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                                "load_ffmpeg(): Failed to open file '%s'.",
+                                cimglist_instance,
+                                filename);
+
+        if (!avframe || !converted_frame || avformat_find_stream_info(format_ctx,NULL)<0) {
+          avformat_close_input(&format_ctx); format_ctx = 0;
+          return load_ffmpeg_external(filename);
+        }
+#if cimg_verbosity>=3
+        dump_format(format_ctx,0,0,0);
+#endif
+
+        // Special command: Return informations on main video stream.
+        // as a vector 1x4 containing: (nb_frames,width,height,fps).
+        if (!first_frame && !last_frame && !step_frame) {
+          for (vstream = 0; vstream<(int)(format_ctx->nb_streams); ++vstream)
+            if (format_ctx->streams[vstream]->codec->codec_type==AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) break;
+          if (vstream==(int)format_ctx->nb_streams) assign();
+          else {
+            CImgList<doubleT> timestamps;
+            int nb_frames;
+            AVPacket packet;
+            // Count frames and store timestamps.
+            for (nb_frames = 0; av_read_frame(format_ctx,&packet)>=0; av_free_packet(&packet))
+              if (packet.stream_index==vstream) {
+                CImg<doubleT>::vector((double)packet.pts).move_to(timestamps);
+                ++nb_frames;
+              }
+            // Get frame with, height and fps.
+            const int
+              framew = format_ctx->streams[vstream]->codec->width,
+              frameh = format_ctx->streams[vstream]->codec->height;
+            const float
+              num = (float)(format_ctx->streams[vstream]->r_frame_rate).num,
+              den = (float)(format_ctx->streams[vstream]->r_frame_rate).den,
+              fps = num/den;
+            // Return infos as a list.
+            assign(2);
+            (*this)[0].assign(1,4).fill((T)nb_frames,(T)framew,(T)frameh,(T)fps);
+            (*this)[1] = (timestamps>'y');
+          }
+          avformat_close_input(&format_ctx); format_ctx = 0;
+          return *this;
+        }
+
+        for (vstream = 0; vstream<(int)(format_ctx->nb_streams) &&
+               format_ctx->streams[vstream]->codec->codec_type!=AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO; ) ++vstream;
+        if (vstream==(int)format_ctx->nb_streams) {
+          avformat_close_input(&format_ctx); format_ctx = 0;
+          return load_ffmpeg_external(filename);
+        }
+        codec_ctx = format_ctx->streams[vstream]->codec;
+        codec = avcodec_find_decoder(codec_ctx->codec_id);
+        if (!codec) {
+          return load_ffmpeg_external(filename);
+        }
+        if (avcodec_open2(codec_ctx,codec,NULL)<0) { // Open codec
+          return load_ffmpeg_external(filename);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Read video frames
+      const unsigned int numBytes = avpicture_get_size(ffmpeg_pixfmt,codec_ctx->width,codec_ctx->height);
+      uint8_t *const buffer = new uint8_t[numBytes];
+      avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)converted_frame,buffer,ffmpeg_pixfmt,codec_ctx->width,codec_ctx->height);
+      const T foo = (T)0;
+      AVPacket packet;
+      for (unsigned int frame = 0, next_frame = nfirst_frame;
+           frame<=nlast_frame && av_read_frame(format_ctx,&packet)>=0; ) {
+	if (packet.stream_index==(int)vstream) {
+          int decoded = 0;
+#if defined(AV_VERSION_INT)
+#if LIBAVCODEC_VERSION_INT<AV_VERSION_INT(52,26,0)
+          avcodec_decode_video(codec_ctx,avframe,&decoded,packet.data, packet.size);
+#else
+          avcodec_decode_video2(codec_ctx,avframe,&decoded,&packet);
+#endif
+#else
+          avcodec_decode_video(codec_ctx,avframe,&decoded,packet.data, packet.size);
+#endif
+	  if (decoded) {
+	    if (frame==next_frame) {
+	      SwsContext *c = sws_getContext(codec_ctx->width,codec_ctx->height,codec_ctx->pix_fmt,codec_ctx->width,
+                                             codec_ctx->height,ffmpeg_pixfmt,1,0,0,0);
+	      sws_scale(c,avframe->data,avframe->linesize,0,codec_ctx->height,
+                        converted_frame->data,converted_frame->linesize);
+	      if (ffmpeg_pixfmt==PIX_FMT_RGB24) {
+		CImg<ucharT> next_image(*converted_frame->data,3,codec_ctx->width,codec_ctx->height,1,true);
+		next_image._get_permute_axes("yzcx",foo).move_to(*this);
+	      } else {
+		CImg<ucharT> next_image(*converted_frame->data,1,codec_ctx->width,codec_ctx->height,1,true);
+		next_image._get_permute_axes("yzcx",foo).move_to(*this);
+	      }
+	      next_frame+=nstep_frame;
+	    }
+	    ++frame;
+	  }
+	  av_free_packet(&packet);
+	  if (next_frame>nlast_frame) break;
+	}
+      }
+      delete[] buffer;
+      return *this;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    //! Load an image from a video file, using ffmpeg libraries \newinstance.
+    static CImgList<T> get_load_ffmpeg(const char *const filename,
+                                       const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
+				       const unsigned int step_frame=1, const bool pixel_format=true) {
+      return CImgList<T>().load_ffmpeg(filename,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,pixel_format);
+    }
+
+    //! Load an image from a video file using the external tool 'ffmpeg'.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename to read data from.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& load_ffmpeg_external(const char *const filename) {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "load_ffmpeg_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+      std::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"rb"));            // Check if file exists.
+      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 }, filetmp2[512] = { 0 };
+      std::FILE *file = 0;
+      do {
+        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s",cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
+        cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s_000001.ppm",filetmp);
+        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp2,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+      } while (file);
+      cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s_%%6d.ppm",filetmp);
+#if cimg_OS!=2
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -i \"%s\" \"%s\" >/dev/null 2>&1",
+                    cimg::ffmpeg_path(),
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data(),
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp2)._system_strescape().data());
+#else
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"\"%s -i \"%s\" \"%s\"\" >NUL 2>&1",
+                    cimg::ffmpeg_path(),
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data(),
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp2)._system_strescape().data());
+#endif
+      cimg::system(command,0);
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      assign();
+      unsigned int i = 1;
+      for (bool stop_flag = false; !stop_flag; ++i) {
+        cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s_%.6u.ppm",filetmp,i);
+        CImg<T> img;
+        try { img.load_pnm(filetmp2); }
+        catch (CImgException&) { stop_flag = true; }
+        if (img) { img.move_to(*this); std::remove(filetmp2); }
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "load_ffmpeg_external(): Failed to open file '%s' with external command 'ffmpeg'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              filename);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load an image from a video file using the external tool 'ffmpeg' \newinstance.
+    static CImgList<T> get_load_ffmpeg_external(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImgList<T>().load_ffmpeg_external(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load gif file, using ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick's external tools.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename to read data from.
+      \param use_graphicsmagick Tells if GraphicsMagick's tool 'gm' is used instead of ImageMagick's tool 'convert'.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& load_gif_external(const char *const filename) {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "load_gif_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+      std::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"rb"));            // Check if file exists.
+      if (!_load_gif_external(filename,false))
+        if (!_load_gif_external(filename,true))
+          try { assign(CImg<T>().load_other(filename)); } catch (CImgException&) { assign(); }
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "load_gif_external(): Failed to open file '%s'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,filename);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    CImgList<T>& _load_gif_external(const char *const filename, const bool use_graphicsmagick=false) {
+      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 }, filetmp2[512] = { 0 };
+      std::FILE *file = 0;
+      do {
+        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s",cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
+        if (use_graphicsmagick) cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s.png.0",filetmp);
+        else cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s-0.png",filetmp);
+        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp2,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+      } while (file);
+#if cimg_OS!=2
+      if (use_graphicsmagick) cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s convert \"%s\" \"%s.png\" >/dev/null 2>&1",
+                                            cimg::graphicsmagick_path(),
+                                            CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data(),
+                                            CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data());
+      else cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s \"%s\" \"%s.png\" >/dev/null 2>&1",
+                         cimg::imagemagick_path(),
+                         CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data(),
+                         CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data());
+#else
+      if (use_graphicsmagick) cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"\"%s convert \"%s\" \"%s.png\"\" >NUL 2>&1",
+                                            cimg::graphicsmagick_path(),
+                                            CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data(),
+                                            CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data());
+      else cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"\"%s \"%s\" \"%s.png\"\" >NUL 2>&1",
+                         cimg::imagemagick_path(),
+                         CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data(),
+                         CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data());
+#endif
+      cimg::system(command,0);
+      const unsigned int omode = cimg::exception_mode();
+      cimg::exception_mode() = 0;
+      assign();
+
+      // Try to read a single frame gif.
+      cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s.png",filetmp);
+      CImg<T> img;
+      try { img.load_png(filetmp2); }
+      catch (CImgException&) { }
+      if (img) { img.move_to(*this); std::remove(filetmp2); }
+      else { // Try to read animated gif.
+        unsigned int i = 0;
+        for (bool stop_flag = false; !stop_flag; ++i) {
+          if (use_graphicsmagick) cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s.png.%u",filetmp,i);
+          else cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s-%u.png",filetmp,i);
+          CImg<T> img;
+          try { img.load_png(filetmp2); }
+          catch (CImgException&) { stop_flag = true; }
+          if (img) { img.move_to(*this); std::remove(filetmp2); }
+        }
+      }
+      cimg::exception_mode() = omode;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load gif file, using ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick's external tools \newinstance.
+    static CImgList<T> get_load_gif_external(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImgList<T>().load_gif_external(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load a gzipped list, using external tool 'gunzip'.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename to read data from.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& load_gzip_external(const char *const filename) {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "load_gzip_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                              cimglist_instance);
+      std::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"rb"));            // Check if file exists.
+      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 }, body[512] = { 0 };
+      const char
+        *ext = cimg::split_filename(filename,body),
+        *ext2 = cimg::split_filename(body,0);
+      std::FILE *file = 0;
+      do {
+        if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"gz")) {
+          if (*ext2) cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.%s",
+                                   cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand(),ext2);
+          else cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s",
+                             cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
+        } else {
+          if (*ext) cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.%s",
+                                  cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand(),ext);
+          else cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s",
+                             cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
+        }
+        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+      } while (file);
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -c \"%s\" > \"%s\"",
+                    cimg::gunzip_path(),
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data(),
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data());
+      cimg::system(command);
+      if (!(file = std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))) {
+        cimg::fclose(cimg::fopen(filename,"r"));
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "load_gzip_external(): Failed to open file '%s'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              filename);
+
+      } else cimg::fclose(file);
+      load(filetmp);
+      std::remove(filetmp);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Load a gzipped list, using external tool 'gunzip' \newinstance.
+    static CImgList<T> get_load_gzip_external(const char *const filename) {
+      return CImgList<T>().load_gzip_external(filename);
+    }
+
+    //! Load a 3d object from a .OFF file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename to read data from.
+      \param[out] primitives At return, contains the list of 3d object primitives.
+      \param[out] colors At return, contains the list of 3d object colors.
+      \return List of 3d object vertices.
+    **/
+    template<typename tf, typename tc>
+    CImgList<T>& load_off(const char *const filename,
+			  CImgList<tf>& primitives, CImgList<tc>& colors) {
+      return get_load_off(filename,primitives,colors).move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Load a 3d object from a .OFF file \newinstance.
+    template<typename tf, typename tc>
+      static CImgList<T> get_load_off(const char *const filename,
+                                      CImgList<tf>& primitives, CImgList<tc>& colors) {
+      return CImg<T>().load_off(filename,primitives,colors)<'x';
+    }
+
+    //! Load images from a TIFF file.
+    /**
+        \param filename Filename to read data from.
+        \param first_frame Index of first image frame to read.
+        \param last_frame Index of last image frame to read.
+        \param step_frame Step applied between each frame.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& load_tiff(const char *const filename,
+			   const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
+			   const unsigned int step_frame=1,
+                           float *const voxel_size=0) {
+      const unsigned int
+	nfirst_frame = first_frame<last_frame?first_frame:last_frame,
+	nstep_frame = step_frame?step_frame:1;
+      unsigned int nlast_frame = first_frame<last_frame?last_frame:first_frame;
+#ifndef cimg_use_tiff
+      cimg::unused(voxel_size);
+      if (nfirst_frame || nlast_frame!=~0U || nstep_frame!=1)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "load_tiff(): Unable to load sub-images from file '%s' unless libtiff is enabled.",
+                                    cimglist_instance,
+                                    filename);
+
+      return assign(CImg<T>::get_load_tiff(filename));
+#else
+      TIFF *tif = TIFFOpen(filename,"r");
+      if (tif) {
+        unsigned int nb_images = 0;
+        do ++nb_images; while (TIFFReadDirectory(tif));
+        if (nfirst_frame>=nb_images || (nlast_frame!=~0U && nlast_frame>=nb_images))
+          cimg::warn(_cimglist_instance
+                     "load_tiff(): Invalid specified frame range is [%u,%u] (step %u) since "
+                     "file '%s' contains %u image(s).",
+                     cimglist_instance,
+                     nfirst_frame,nlast_frame,nstep_frame,filename,nb_images);
+
+        if (nfirst_frame>=nb_images) return assign();
+        if (nlast_frame>=nb_images) nlast_frame = nb_images-1;
+        assign(1+(nlast_frame-nfirst_frame)/nstep_frame);
+        TIFFSetDirectory(tif,0);
+#if cimg_verbosity>=3
+        TIFFSetWarningHandler(0);
+        TIFFSetErrorHandler(0);
+#endif
+        cimglist_for(*this,l) _data[l]._load_tiff(tif,nfirst_frame + l*nstep_frame,voxel_size);
+        TIFFClose(tif);
+      } else throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                                   "load_tiff(): Failed to open file '%s'.",
+                                   cimglist_instance,
+                                   filename);
+      return *this;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    //! Load a multi-page TIFF file \newinstance.
+    static CImgList<T> get_load_tiff(const char *const filename,
+				     const unsigned int first_frame=0, const unsigned int last_frame=~0U,
+				     const unsigned int step_frame=1,
+                                     float *const voxel_size=0) {
+      return CImgList<T>().load_tiff(filename,first_frame,last_frame,step_frame,voxel_size);
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //----------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Data Output
+    //@{
+    //----------------------------------
+
+    //! Print informations about the list on the standard output.
+    /**
+      \param title Label set to the informations displayed.
+      \param display_stats Tells if image statistics must be computed and displayed.
+    **/
+    const CImgList<T>& print(const char *const title=0, const bool display_stats=true) const {
+      unsigned int msiz = 0;
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) msiz+=_data[l].size();
+      msiz*=sizeof(T);
+      const unsigned int mdisp = msiz<8*1024?0:(msiz<8*1024*1024?1:2);
+      char _title[64] = { 0 };
+      if (!title) cimg_snprintf(_title,sizeof(_title),"CImgList<%s>",pixel_type());
+      std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"%s%s%s%s: %sthis%s = %p, %ssize%s = %u/%u [%u %s], %sdata%s = (CImg<%s>*)%p",
+                   cimg::t_magenta,cimg::t_bold,title?title:_title,cimg::t_normal,
+                   cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,(void*)this,
+                   cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,_width,_allocated_width,
+                   mdisp==0?msiz:(mdisp==1?(msiz>>10):(msiz>>20)),
+                   mdisp==0?"b":(mdisp==1?"Kio":"Mio"),
+                   cimg::t_bold,cimg::t_normal,pixel_type(),(void*)begin());
+      if (_data) std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"..%p.\n",(void*)((char*)end()-1));
+      else std::fprintf(cimg::output(),".\n");
+
+      char tmp[16] = { 0 };
+      cimglist_for(*this,ll) {
+        cimg_snprintf(tmp,sizeof(tmp),"[%d]",ll);
+        std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  ");
+        _data[ll].print(tmp,display_stats);
+        if (ll==3 && _width>8) { ll = _width-5; std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"  ...\n"); }
+      }
+      std::fflush(cimg::output());
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Display the current CImgList instance in an existing CImgDisplay window (by reference).
+    /**
+       \param disp Reference to an existing CImgDisplay instance, where the current image list will be displayed.
+       \param axis Appending axis. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
+       \param align Appending alignmenet.
+       \note This function displays the list images of the current CImgList instance into an existing
+         CImgDisplay window.
+       Images of the list are appended in a single temporarly image for visualization purposes.
+       The function returns immediately.
+    **/
+    const CImgList<T>& display(CImgDisplay &disp, const char axis='x', const float align=0) const {
+      disp.display(*this,axis,align);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Display the current CImgList instance in a new display window.
+    /**
+        \param disp Display window.
+        \param display_info Tells if image informations are displayed on the standard output.
+       \param axis Alignment axis for images viewing.
+       \param align Apending alignment.
+       \note This function opens a new window with a specific title and displays the list images of the
+         current CImgList instance into it.
+       Images of the list are appended in a single temporarly image for visualization purposes.
+       The function returns when a key is pressed or the display window is closed by the user.
+    **/
+    const CImgList<T>& display(CImgDisplay &disp, const bool display_info,
+                               const char axis='x', const float align=0,
+                               unsigned int *const XYZ=0) const {
+      bool is_exit = false;
+      return _display(disp,0,display_info,axis,align,XYZ,0,true,is_exit);
+    }
+
+    //! Display the current CImgList instance in a new display window.
+    /**
+      \param title Title of the opening display window.
+      \param display_info Tells if list informations must be written on standard output.
+      \param axis Appending axis. Can be <tt>{ 'x' | 'y' | 'z' | 'c' }</tt>.
+      \param align Appending alignment.
+    **/
+    const CImgList<T>& display(const char *const title=0, const bool display_info=true,
+                               const char axis='x', const float align=0,
+                               unsigned int *const XYZ=0) const {
+      CImgDisplay disp;
+      bool is_exit = false;
+      return _display(disp,title,display_info,axis,align,XYZ,0,true,is_exit);
+    }
+
+    const CImgList<T>& _display(CImgDisplay &disp, const char *const title, const bool display_info,
+                                const char axis, const float align, unsigned int *const XYZ,
+                                const unsigned int orig, const bool is_first_call, bool &is_exit) const {
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "display(): Empty instance.",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+      if (!disp) {
+        if (axis=='x') {
+          unsigned int sum_width = 0, max_height = 0;
+          cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+            const CImg<T> &img = _data[l];
+            const unsigned int
+              w = CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(img._width,img._height,img._depth,128,-85,false),
+              h = CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(img._width,img._height,img._depth,128,-85,true);
+            sum_width+=w;
+            if (h>max_height) max_height = h;
+          }
+          disp.assign(cimg_fitscreen(sum_width,max_height,1),title?title:0,1);
+        } else {
+          unsigned int max_width = 0, sum_height = 0;
+          cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+            const CImg<T> &img = _data[l];
+            const unsigned int
+              w = CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(img._width,img._height,img._depth,128,-85,false),
+              h = CImgDisplay::_fitscreen(img._width,img._height,img._depth,128,-85,true);
+            if (w>max_width) max_width = w;
+            sum_height+=h;
+          }
+          disp.assign(cimg_fitscreen(max_width,sum_height,1),title?title:0,1);
+        }
+        if (!title) disp.set_title("CImgList<%s> (%u)",pixel_type(),_width);
+      } else if (title) disp.set_title("%s",title);
+      const CImg<char> dtitle = CImg<char>::string(disp.title());
+      if (display_info) print(disp.title());
+      disp.show().flush();
+
+      if (_width==1) {
+        const unsigned int dw = disp._width, dh = disp._height;
+        if (!is_first_call)
+          disp.resize(cimg_fitscreen(_data[0]._width,_data[0]._height,_data[0]._depth),false).
+            set_title("%s (%ux%ux%ux%u)",
+                      dtitle.data(),_data[0]._width,_data[0]._height,_data[0]._depth,_data[0]._spectrum);
+        _data[0]._display(disp,0,false,XYZ,!is_first_call);
+        if (disp.key()) is_exit = true;
+        disp.resize(cimg_fitscreen(dw,dh,1),false).set_title("%s",dtitle.data());
+      } else {
+        bool disp_resize = !is_first_call;
+        while (!disp.is_closed() && !is_exit) {
+          const CImg<intT> s = _get_select(disp,0,true,axis,align,orig,disp_resize,!is_first_call,true);
+          disp_resize = true;
+          if (s[0]<0) { // No selections done.
+            if (disp.button()&2) { disp.flush(); break; }
+            is_exit = true;
+          } else if (disp.wheel()) { // Zoom in/out.
+            const int wheel = disp.wheel();
+            disp.set_wheel();
+            if (!is_first_call && wheel<0) break;
+            if (wheel>0 && _width>=4) {
+              const unsigned int
+                delta = cimg::max(1U,(unsigned int)cimg::round(0.3*_width)),
+                ind0 = (unsigned int)cimg::max(0,s[0] - (int)delta),
+                ind1 = (unsigned int)cimg::min(width() - 1,s[0] + (int)delta);
+              if ((ind0!=0 || ind1!=_width-1) && ind1 - ind0>=3)
+                get_shared_images(ind0,ind1)._display(disp,0,false,axis,align,XYZ,orig + ind0,false,is_exit);
+            }
+          } else if (s[0]!=0 || s[1]!=width()-1)
+            get_shared_images(s[0],s[1])._display(disp,0,false,axis,align,XYZ,orig+s[0],false,is_exit);
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save list into a file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename to write data to.
+      \param number When positive, represents an index added to the filename. Otherwise, no number is added.
+      \param digits Number of digits used for adding the number to the filename.
+    **/
+    const CImgList<T>& save(const char *const filename, const int number=-1, const unsigned int digits=6) const {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "save(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+      // Do not test for empty instances, since .cimg format is able to manage empty instances.
+      const bool is_stdout = *filename=='-' && (!filename[1] || filename[1]=='.');
+      const char *const ext = cimg::split_filename(filename);
+      char nfilename[1024] = { 0 };
+      const char *const fn = is_stdout?filename:number>=0?cimg::number_filename(filename,number,digits,nfilename):
+        filename;
+
+#ifdef cimglist_save_plugin
+      cimglist_save_plugin(fn);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_save_plugin1
+      cimglist_save_plugin1(fn);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_save_plugin2
+      cimglist_save_plugin2(fn);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_save_plugin3
+      cimglist_save_plugin3(fn);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_save_plugin4
+      cimglist_save_plugin4(fn);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_save_plugin5
+      cimglist_save_plugin5(fn);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_save_plugin6
+      cimglist_save_plugin6(fn);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_save_plugin7
+      cimglist_save_plugin7(fn);
+#endif
+#ifdef cimglist_save_plugin8
+      cimglist_save_plugin8(fn);
+#endif
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"cimgz")) return save_cimg(fn,true);
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"cimg") || !*ext) return save_cimg(fn,false);
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"yuv")) return save_yuv(fn,true);
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"avi") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mov") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"asf") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"divx") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"flv") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpg") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m1v") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m2v") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m4v") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mjp") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mp4") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mkv") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpe") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"movie") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogm") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogg") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogv") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"qt") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"rm") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"vob") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"wmv") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"xvid") ||
+               !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpeg")) return save_ffmpeg(fn);
+#ifdef cimg_use_tiff
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"tif") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"tiff")) return save_tiff(fn);
+#endif
+      else if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"gz")) return save_gzip_external(fn);
+      else {
+        if (_width==1) _data[0].save(fn,-1);
+        else cimglist_for(*this,l) { _data[l].save(fn,is_stdout?-1:l); if (is_stdout) std::fputc(EOF,stdout); }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Tell if an image list can be saved as one single file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename, as a C-string.
+       \return \c true if the file format supports multiple images, \c false otherwise.
+    **/
+    static bool is_saveable(const char *const filename) {
+      const char *const ext = cimg::split_filename(filename);
+      if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"cimgz") ||
+#ifdef cimg_use_tiff
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"tif") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"tiff") ||
+#endif
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"yuv") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"avi") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mov") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"asf") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"divx") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"flv") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpg") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m1v") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m2v") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"m4v") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mjp") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mp4") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mkv") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpe") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"movie") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogm") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogg") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"ogv") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"qt") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"rm") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"vob") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"wmv") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"xvid") ||
+          !cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"mpeg")) return true;
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image sequence as a GIF animated file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename to write data to.
+       \param fps Number of desired frames per second.
+       \param nb_loops Number of loops (\c 0 for infinite looping).
+    **/
+    const CImgList<T>& save_gif_external(const char *const filename, const unsigned int fps=25,
+                                         const unsigned int nb_loops=0) {
+      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 }, filetmp2[512] = { 0 };
+      CImgList<charT> filenames;
+      std::FILE *file = 0;
+
+#ifdef cimg_use_png
+#define _cimg_save_gif_ext "png"
+#else
+#define _cimg_save_gif_ext "ppm"
+#endif
+
+      do {
+        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s",cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
+        cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s_000001." _cimg_save_gif_ext,filetmp);
+        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp2,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+      } while (file);
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+        cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s_%.6u." _cimg_save_gif_ext,filetmp,l+1);
+        CImg<charT>::string(filetmp2).move_to(filenames);
+        if (_data[l]._depth>1 || _data[l]._spectrum!=3) _data[l].get_resize(-100,-100,1,3).save(filetmp2);
+        else _data[l].save(filetmp2);
+      }
+
+#if cimg_OS!=2
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -delay 1x%u -loop %u",
+                    cimg::imagemagick_path(),fps,nb_loops);
+      CImg<ucharT>::string(command).move_to(filenames,0);
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"\"%s\" >/dev/null 2>&1",
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data());
+      CImg<ucharT>::string(command).move_to(filenames);
+#else
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"\"%s -delay 1x%u -loop %u",
+                    cimg::imagemagick_path(),fps,nb_loops);
+      CImg<ucharT>::string(command).move_to(filenames,0);
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"\"%s\"\" >NUL 2>&1",
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data());
+      CImg<ucharT>::string(command).move_to(filenames);
+#endif
+      CImg<charT> _command = filenames>'x';
+      cimg_for(_command,p,char) if (!*p) *p = ' ';
+      _command.back() = 0;
+
+      cimg::system(_command);
+      file = std::fopen(filename,"rb");
+      if (!file)
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "save_gif_external(): Failed to save file '%s' with external command 'convert'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              filename);
+      else cimg::fclose(file);
+      cimglist_for_in(*this,1,filenames._width-1,l) std::remove(filenames[l]);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image sequence, using FFMPEG library.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename to write data to.
+      \param fps Desired framerate (in frames per seconds) if chosen format supports it.
+      \param bitrate Desired bitrate (in bits per seconds) if chosen format supports it.
+    **/
+    // This piece of code has been originally written by David. G. Starkweather.
+    const CImgList<T>& save_ffmpeg(const char *const filename, const unsigned int fps=25,
+                                   const unsigned int bitrate=2048) const {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "save_ffmpeg(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+      if (!fps)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "save_ffmpeg(): Invalid specified framerate 0, for file '%s'.",
+                                    cimglist_instance,
+                                    filename);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
+
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) if (!_data[l].is_sameXYZ(_data[0]))
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "save_ffmpeg(): Invalid instance dimensions, for file '%s'.",
+                                    cimglist_instance,
+                                    filename);
+
+#ifndef cimg_use_ffmpeg
+      return save_ffmpeg_external(filename,0,fps,bitrate);
+#else
+      avcodec_register_all();
+      av_register_all();
+      const int
+        frame_dimx = _data[0].width(),
+        frame_dimy = _data[0].height(),
+        frame_dimv = _data[0].spectrum();
+      if (frame_dimv!=1 && frame_dimv!=3)
+	throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "save_ffmpeg(): Image[0] (%u,%u,%u,%u,%p) has not 1 or 3 channels, for file '%s'.",
+                                    cimglist_instance,
+                                    _data[0]._width,_data[0]._height,_data[0]._depth,_data[0]._spectrum,_data,filename);
+
+      PixelFormat dest_pxl_fmt = PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
+      PixelFormat src_pxl_fmt  = (frame_dimv==3)?PIX_FMT_RGB24:PIX_FMT_GRAY8;
+
+      int sws_flags = SWS_FAST_BILINEAR; // Interpolation method (keeping same size images for now).
+      AVOutputFormat *fmt = 0;
+#if defined(AV_VERSION_INT)
+#if LIBAVFORMAT_VERSION_INT<AV_VERSION_INT(52,45,0)
+      fmt = guess_format(0,filename,0);
+      if (!fmt) fmt = guess_format("mpeg",0,0); // Default format "mpeg".
+#else
+      fmt = av_guess_format(0,filename,0);
+      if (!fmt) fmt = av_guess_format("mpeg",0,0); // Default format "mpeg".
+#endif
+#else
+      fmt = guess_format(0,filename,0);
+      if (!fmt) fmt = guess_format("mpeg",0,0); // Default format "mpeg".
+#endif
+
+      if (!fmt)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "save_ffmpeg(): Unable to determine codec for file '%s'.",
+                                    cimglist_instance,
+                                    filename);
+
+      AVFormatContext *oc = 0;
+#if defined(AV_VERSION_INT)
+#if LIBAVFORMAT_VERSION_INT<AV_VERSION_INT(52,36,0)
+      oc = av_alloc_format_context();
+#else
+      oc = avformat_alloc_context();
+#endif
+#else
+      oc = av_alloc_format_context();
+#endif
+      if (!oc) // Failed to allocate format context.
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to allocate FFMPEG structure for format context, for file '%s'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              filename);
+
+      AVCodec *codec = 0;
+      AVFrame *picture = 0;
+      AVFrame *tmp_pict = 0;
+      oc->oformat = fmt;
+      std::sprintf(oc->filename,"%s",filename);
+
+      // Add video stream.
+      AVStream *video_str = 0;
+      if (fmt->video_codec!=CODEC_ID_NONE) {
+	video_str = avformat_new_stream(oc,NULL);
+	if (!video_str) { // Failed to allocate stream.
+          av_free(oc);
+          throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                                "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to allocate FFMPEG structure for video stream, for file '%s'.",
+                                cimglist_instance,
+                                filename);
+	}
+      } else { // No codec identified.
+        av_free(oc);
+	throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to identify proper codec, for file '%s'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              filename);
+      }
+
+      AVCodecContext *c = video_str->codec;
+      c->codec_id = fmt->video_codec;
+      c->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
+      c->bit_rate = 1024*bitrate;
+      c->width = frame_dimx;
+      c->height = frame_dimy;
+      c->time_base.num = 1;
+      c->time_base.den = fps;
+      c->gop_size = 12;
+      c->pix_fmt = dest_pxl_fmt;
+      if (c->codec_id==CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO) c->max_b_frames = 2;
+      if (c->codec_id==CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO) c->mb_decision = 2;
+
+      // Open codecs and alloc buffers.
+      codec = avcodec_find_encoder(c->codec_id);
+      if (!codec) { // Failed to find codec.
+        av_free(oc);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "save_ffmpeg(): No valid codec found for file '%s'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              filename);
+      }
+      if (avcodec_open2(c,codec,NULL)<0) // Failed to open codec.
+	throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to open codec for file '%s'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              filename);
+
+      tmp_pict = avcodec_alloc_frame();
+      if (!tmp_pict) { // Failed to allocate memory for tmp_pict frame.
+        avcodec_close(video_str->codec);
+        av_free(oc);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to allocate memory for file '%s'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              filename);
+      }
+      tmp_pict->linesize[0] = (src_pxl_fmt==PIX_FMT_RGB24)?3*frame_dimx:frame_dimx;
+      //      tmp_pict->type = FF_BUFFER_TYPE_USER;
+      int tmp_size = avpicture_get_size(src_pxl_fmt,frame_dimx,frame_dimy);
+      uint8_t *tmp_buffer = (uint8_t*)av_malloc(tmp_size);
+      if (!tmp_buffer) { // Failed to allocate memory for tmp buffer.
+        av_free(tmp_pict);
+        avcodec_close(video_str->codec);
+        av_free(oc);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to allocate memory for file '%s'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              filename);
+      }
+
+      // Associate buffer with tmp_pict.
+      avpicture_fill((AVPicture*)tmp_pict,tmp_buffer,src_pxl_fmt,frame_dimx,frame_dimy);
+      picture = avcodec_alloc_frame();
+      if (!picture) { // Failed to allocate picture frame.
+        av_free(tmp_pict->data[0]);
+        av_free(tmp_pict);
+        avcodec_close(video_str->codec);
+        av_free(oc);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to allocate memory for file '%s'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              filename);
+      }
+
+      int size = avpicture_get_size(c->pix_fmt,frame_dimx,frame_dimy);
+      uint8_t *buffer = (uint8_t*)av_malloc(size);
+      if (!buffer) { // Failed to allocate picture frame buffer.
+        av_free(picture);
+        av_free(tmp_pict->data[0]);
+        av_free(tmp_pict);
+        avcodec_close(video_str->codec);
+        av_free(oc);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to allocate memory for file '%s'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              filename);
+      }
+
+      // Associate the buffer with picture.
+      avpicture_fill((AVPicture*)picture,buffer,c->pix_fmt,frame_dimx,frame_dimy);
+
+      // Open file.
+      if (!(fmt->flags&AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
+	if (avio_open(&oc->pb,filename,AVIO_FLAG_WRITE)<0)
+          throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                                "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to open file '%s'.",
+                                cimglist_instance,
+                                filename);
+      }
+
+      if (avformat_write_header(oc,NULL)<0)
+	throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to write header in file '%s'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              filename);
+
+      SwsContext *img_convert_context = 0;
+      img_convert_context = sws_getContext(frame_dimx,frame_dimy,src_pxl_fmt,
+                                           c->width,c->height,c->pix_fmt,sws_flags,0,0,0);
+      if (!img_convert_context) { // Failed to get swscale context.
+        // if (!(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) url_fclose(&oc->pb);
+        av_free(picture->data);
+        av_free(picture);
+        av_free(tmp_pict->data[0]);
+        av_free(tmp_pict);
+        avcodec_close(video_str->codec);
+        av_free(oc);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to get conversion context for file '%s'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              filename);
+      }
+      int ret = 0, out_size;
+      uint8_t *video_outbuf = 0;
+      int video_outbuf_size = 1000000;
+      video_outbuf = (uint8_t*)av_malloc(video_outbuf_size);
+      if (!video_outbuf) {
+	// if (!(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) url_fclose(&oc->pb);
+	av_free(picture->data);
+        av_free(picture);
+        av_free(tmp_pict->data[0]);
+        av_free(tmp_pict);
+        avcodec_close(video_str->codec);
+        av_free(oc);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to allocate memory, for file '%s'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              filename);
+      }
+
+      // Loop through each desired image in list.
+      cimglist_for(*this,i) {
+        CImg<uint8_t> currentIm = _data[i], red, green, blue, gray;
+        if (src_pxl_fmt==PIX_FMT_RGB24) {
+          red = currentIm.get_shared_channel(0);
+          green = currentIm.get_shared_channel(1);
+          blue = currentIm.get_shared_channel(2);
+          cimg_forXY(currentIm,X,Y) { // Assign pizel values to data buffer in interlaced RGBRGB ... format.
+            tmp_pict->data[0][Y*tmp_pict->linesize[0] + 3*X] = red(X,Y);
+            tmp_pict->data[0][Y*tmp_pict->linesize[0] + 3*X + 1] = green(X,Y);
+            tmp_pict->data[0][Y*tmp_pict->linesize[0] + 3*X + 2] = blue(X,Y);
+          }
+        } else {
+          gray = currentIm.get_shared_channel(0);
+          cimg_forXY(currentIm,X,Y) tmp_pict->data[0][Y*tmp_pict->linesize[0] + X] = gray(X,Y);
+        }
+        if (!video_str) break;
+        if (sws_scale(img_convert_context,tmp_pict->data,tmp_pict->linesize,0,
+                      c->height,picture->data,picture->linesize)<0) break;
+
+        AVPacket pkt;
+        int got_packet;
+        av_init_packet(&pkt);
+        out_size = avcodec_encode_video2(c,&pkt,picture,&got_packet);
+        if (got_packet) {
+          pkt.pts = av_rescale_q(c->coded_frame->pts,c->time_base,video_str->time_base);
+          if (c->coded_frame->key_frame) pkt.flags|=AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;
+          pkt.stream_index = video_str->index;
+          pkt.data = video_outbuf;
+          pkt.size = out_size;
+          ret = av_write_frame(oc,&pkt);
+        } else if (out_size<0) break;
+        if (ret) break; // Error occured in writing frame.
+      }
+
+      // Close codec.
+      if (video_str) {
+	avcodec_close(video_str->codec);
+        av_free(picture->data[0]);
+        av_free(picture);
+        av_free(tmp_pict->data[0]);
+        av_free(tmp_pict);
+      }
+      if (av_write_trailer(oc)<0)
+	throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "save_ffmpeg(): Failed to write trailer for file '%s'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              filename);
+
+      av_freep(&oc->streams[0]->codec);
+      av_freep(&oc->streams[0]);
+      if (!(fmt->flags&AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
+        /*if (url_fclose(oc->pb)<0)
+          throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                                "save_ffmpeg(): File '%s', failed to close file.",
+                                cimglist_instance,
+                                filename);
+        */
+      }
+      av_free(oc);
+      av_free(video_outbuf);
+      return *this;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    const CImgList<T>& _save_yuv(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename, const bool is_rgb) const {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "save_yuv(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(file,filename); return *this; }
+      if ((*this)[0].width()%2 || (*this)[0].height()%2)
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "save_yuv(): Invalid odd instance dimensions (%u,%u) for file '%s'.",
+                                    cimglist_instance,
+                                    (*this)[0].width(),(*this)[0].height(),
+                                    filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+        CImg<ucharT> YCbCr((*this)[l]);
+        if (is_rgb) YCbCr.RGBtoYCbCr();
+        cimg::fwrite(YCbCr._data,(unsigned long)YCbCr._width*YCbCr._height,nfile);
+        cimg::fwrite(YCbCr.get_resize(YCbCr._width/2, YCbCr._height/2,1,3,3).data(0,0,0,1),
+                     (unsigned long)YCbCr._width*YCbCr._height/2,nfile);
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save list as a YUV image sequence file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename to write data to.
+      \param is_rgb Tells if the RGB to YUV conversion must be done for saving.
+    **/
+    const CImgList<T>& save_yuv(const char *const filename=0, const bool is_rgb=true) const {
+      return _save_yuv(0,filename,is_rgb);
+    }
+
+    //! Save image sequence into a YUV file.
+    /**
+      \param file File to write data to.
+      \param is_rgb Tells if the RGB to YUV conversion must be done for saving.
+    **/
+    const CImgList<T>& save_yuv(std::FILE *const file, const bool is_rgb=true) const {
+      return _save_yuv(file,0,is_rgb);
+    }
+
+    const CImgList<T>& _save_cimg(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename, const bool is_compressed) const {
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "save_cimg(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+#ifndef cimg_use_zlib
+      if (is_compressed)
+        cimg::warn(_cimglist_instance
+                   "save_cimg(): Unable to save compressed data in file '%s' unless zlib is enabled, "
+                   "saving them uncompressed.",
+                   cimglist_instance,
+                   filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+#endif
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
+      const char *const ptype = pixel_type(), *const etype = cimg::endianness()?"big":"little";
+      if (std::strstr(ptype,"unsigned")==ptype) std::fprintf(nfile,"%u unsigned_%s %s_endian\n",_width,ptype+9,etype);
+      else std::fprintf(nfile,"%u %s %s_endian\n",_width,ptype,etype);
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+        const CImg<T>& img = _data[l];
+        std::fprintf(nfile,"%u %u %u %u",img._width,img._height,img._depth,img._spectrum);
+        if (img._data) {
+          CImg<T> tmp;
+          if (cimg::endianness()) { tmp = img; cimg::invert_endianness(tmp._data,tmp.size()); }
+          const CImg<T>& ref = cimg::endianness()?tmp:img;
+          bool failed_to_compress = true;
+          if (is_compressed) {
+#ifdef cimg_use_zlib
+            const unsigned long siz = sizeof(T)*ref.size();
+            unsigned long csiz = siz + siz/100 + 16;
+            Bytef *const cbuf = new Bytef[csiz];
+            if (compress(cbuf,&csiz,(Bytef*)ref._data,siz))
+              cimg::warn(_cimglist_instance
+                         "save_cimg(): Failed to save compressed data for file '%s', saving them uncompressed.",
+                         cimglist_instance,
+                         filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+            else {
+              std::fprintf(nfile," #%lu\n",csiz);
+              cimg::fwrite(cbuf,csiz,nfile);
+              delete[] cbuf;
+              failed_to_compress = false;
+            }
+#endif
+          }
+          if (failed_to_compress) { // Write in a non-compressed way.
+            std::fputc('\n',nfile);
+            cimg::fwrite(ref._data,ref.size(),nfile);
+          }
+        } else std::fputc('\n',nfile);
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save list into a .cimg file.
+    /**
+       \param filename Filename to write data to.
+       \param is_compressed Tells if data compression must be enabled.
+    **/
+    const CImgList<T>& save_cimg(const char *const filename, const bool is_compressed=false) const {
+      return _save_cimg(0,filename,is_compressed);
+    }
+
+    //! Save list into a .cimg file.
+    /**
+       \param file File to write data to.
+       \param is_compressed Tells if data compression must be enabled.
+    **/
+    const CImgList<T>& save_cimg(std::FILE *file, const bool is_compressed=false) const {
+      return _save_cimg(file,0,is_compressed);
+    }
+
+    const CImgList<T>& _save_cimg(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename,
+                                 const unsigned int n0,
+                                 const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
+                                 const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0) const {
+#define _cimg_save_cimg_case(Ts,Tss) \
+      if (!saved && !cimg::strcasecmp(Ts,str_pixeltype)) { \
+        for (unsigned int l = 0; l<lmax; ++l) { \
+          j = 0; while((i=std::fgetc(nfile))!='\n') tmp[j++]=(char)i; tmp[j] = 0; \
+          W = H = D = C = 0; \
+          if (std::sscanf(tmp,"%u %u %u %u",&W,&H,&D,&C)!=4) \
+            throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance \
+                                  "save_cimg(): Invalid size (%u,%u,%u,%u) of image[%u], for file '%s'.", \
+                                  cimglist_instance, \
+                                  W,H,D,C,l,filename?filename:"(FILE*)"); \
+          if (W*H*D*C>0) { \
+            if (l<n0 || x0>=W || y0>=H || z0>=D || c0>=D) std::fseek(nfile,W*H*D*C*sizeof(Tss),SEEK_CUR); \
+            else { \
+              const CImg<T>& img = (*this)[l - n0]; \
+              const T *ptrs = img._data; \
+              const unsigned int \
+                x1 = x0 + img._width - 1, \
+                y1 = y0 + img._height - 1, \
+                z1 = z0 + img._depth - 1, \
+                c1 = c0 + img._spectrum - 1, \
+                nx1 = x1>=W?W-1:x1, \
+                ny1 = y1>=H?H-1:y1, \
+                nz1 = z1>=D?D-1:z1, \
+                nc1 = c1>=C?C-1:c1; \
+              CImg<Tss> raw(1+nx1-x0); \
+              const unsigned int skipvb = c0*W*H*D*sizeof(Tss); \
+              if (skipvb) std::fseek(nfile,skipvb,SEEK_CUR); \
+              for (unsigned int v = 1 + nc1 - c0; v; --v) { \
+                const unsigned int skipzb = z0*W*H*sizeof(Tss); \
+                if (skipzb) std::fseek(nfile,skipzb,SEEK_CUR); \
+                for (unsigned int z = 1 + nz1 - z0; z; --z) { \
+                  const unsigned int skipyb = y0*W*sizeof(Tss); \
+                  if (skipyb) std::fseek(nfile,skipyb,SEEK_CUR); \
+                  for (unsigned int y = 1 + ny1 - y0; y; --y) { \
+                    const unsigned int skipxb = x0*sizeof(Tss); \
+                    if (skipxb) std::fseek(nfile,skipxb,SEEK_CUR); \
+                    raw.assign(ptrs, raw._width); \
+                    ptrs+=img._width; \
+                    if (endian) cimg::invert_endianness(raw._data,raw._width); \
+                    cimg::fwrite(raw._data,raw._width,nfile); \
+                    const unsigned int skipxe = (W - 1 - nx1)*sizeof(Tss); \
+                    if (skipxe) std::fseek(nfile,skipxe,SEEK_CUR); \
+                  } \
+                  const unsigned int skipye = (H - 1 - ny1)*W*sizeof(Tss); \
+                  if (skipye) std::fseek(nfile,skipye,SEEK_CUR); \
+                } \
+                const unsigned int skipze = (D - 1 - nz1)*W*H*sizeof(Tss); \
+                if (skipze) std::fseek(nfile,skipze,SEEK_CUR); \
+              } \
+              const unsigned int skipve = (C - 1 - nc1)*W*H*D*sizeof(Tss); \
+              if (skipve) std::fseek(nfile,skipve,SEEK_CUR); \
+            } \
+          } \
+        } \
+        saved = true; \
+      }
+
+      if (!file && !filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "save_cimg(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+      if (is_empty())
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "save_cimg(): Empty instance, for file '%s'.",
+                                    cimglist_instance,
+                                    filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"rb+");
+      bool saved = false, endian = cimg::endianness();
+      char tmp[256] = { 0 }, str_pixeltype[256] = { 0 }, str_endian[256] = { 0 };
+      unsigned int j, err, N, W, H, D, C;
+      int i;
+      j = 0; while((i=std::fgetc(nfile))!='\n' && i!=EOF && j<256) tmp[j++] = (char)i; tmp[j] = 0;
+      err = std::sscanf(tmp,"%u%*c%255[A-Za-z_]%*c%255[sA-Za-z_ ]",&N,str_pixeltype,str_endian);
+      if (err<2) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "save_cimg(): CImg header not found in file '%s'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)");
+      }
+      if (!cimg::strncasecmp("little",str_endian,6)) endian = false;
+      else if (!cimg::strncasecmp("big",str_endian,3)) endian = true;
+      const unsigned int lmax = cimg::min(N,n0+_width);
+      _cimg_save_cimg_case("bool",bool);
+      _cimg_save_cimg_case("unsigned_char",unsigned char);
+      _cimg_save_cimg_case("uchar",unsigned char);
+      _cimg_save_cimg_case("char",char);
+      _cimg_save_cimg_case("unsigned_short",unsigned short);
+      _cimg_save_cimg_case("ushort",unsigned short);
+      _cimg_save_cimg_case("short",short);
+      _cimg_save_cimg_case("unsigned_int",unsigned int);
+      _cimg_save_cimg_case("uint",unsigned int);
+      _cimg_save_cimg_case("int",int);
+      _cimg_save_cimg_case("unsigned_long",unsigned long);
+      _cimg_save_cimg_case("ulong",unsigned long);
+      _cimg_save_cimg_case("long",long);
+      _cimg_save_cimg_case("float",float);
+      _cimg_save_cimg_case("double",double);
+      if (!saved) {
+        if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "save_cimg(): Unsupported data type '%s' for file '%s'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              filename?filename:"(FILE*)",str_pixeltype);
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Insert the image instance into into an existing .cimg file, at specified coordinates.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename to write data to.
+      \param n0 Starting index of images to write.
+      \param x0 Starting X-coordinates of image regions to write.
+      \param y0 Starting Y-coordinates of image regions to write.
+      \param z0 Starting Z-coordinates of image regions to write.
+      \param c0 Starting C-coordinates of image regions to write.
+    **/
+    const CImgList<T>& save_cimg(const char *const filename,
+                                 const unsigned int n0,
+                                 const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
+                                 const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0) const {
+      return _save_cimg(0,filename,n0,x0,y0,z0,c0);
+    }
+
+    //! Insert the image instance into into an existing .cimg file, at specified coordinates.
+    /**
+      \param file File to write data to.
+      \param n0 Starting index of images to write.
+      \param x0 Starting X-coordinates of image regions to write.
+      \param y0 Starting Y-coordinates of image regions to write.
+      \param z0 Starting Z-coordinates of image regions to write.
+      \param c0 Starting C-coordinates of image regions to write.
+    **/
+    const CImgList<T>& save_cimg(std::FILE *const file,
+                                 const unsigned int n0,
+                                 const unsigned int x0, const unsigned int y0,
+                                 const unsigned int z0, const unsigned int c0) const {
+      return _save_cimg(file,0,n0,x0,y0,z0,c0);
+    }
+
+    static void _save_empty_cimg(std::FILE *const file, const char *const filename,
+                                const unsigned int nb,
+                                const unsigned int dx, const unsigned int dy,
+                                const unsigned int dz, const unsigned int dc) {
+      std::FILE *const nfile = file?file:cimg::fopen(filename,"wb");
+      const unsigned long siz = (unsigned long)dx*dy*dz*dc*sizeof(T);
+      std::fprintf(nfile,"%u %s\n",nb,pixel_type());
+      for (unsigned int i=nb; i; --i) {
+        std::fprintf(nfile,"%u %u %u %u\n",dx,dy,dz,dc);
+	for (unsigned long off=siz; off; --off) std::fputc(0,nfile);
+      }
+      if (!file) cimg::fclose(nfile);
+    }
+
+    //! Save empty (non-compressed) .cimg file with specified dimensions.
+    /**
+        \param filename Filename to write data to.
+        \param nb Number of images to write.
+        \param dx Width of images in the written file.
+        \param dy Height of images in the written file.
+        \param dz Depth of images in the written file.
+        \param dc Spectrum of images in the written file.
+    **/
+    static void save_empty_cimg(const char *const filename,
+                                const unsigned int nb,
+                                const unsigned int dx, const unsigned int dy=1,
+                                const unsigned int dz=1, const unsigned int dc=1) {
+      return _save_empty_cimg(0,filename,nb,dx,dy,dz,dc);
+    }
+
+    //! Save empty .cimg file with specified dimensions.
+    /**
+        \param file File to write data to.
+        \param nb Number of images to write.
+        \param dx Width of images in the written file.
+        \param dy Height of images in the written file.
+        \param dz Depth of images in the written file.
+        \param dc Spectrum of images in the written file.
+    **/
+    static void save_empty_cimg(std::FILE *const file,
+                                const unsigned int nb,
+                                const unsigned int dx, const unsigned int dy=1,
+                                const unsigned int dz=1, const unsigned int dc=1) {
+      return _save_empty_cimg(file,0,nb,dx,dy,dz,dc);
+    }
+
+    //! Save list as a TIFF file.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename to write data to.
+      \param compression_type Compression mode used to write data.
+    **/
+    const CImgList<T>& save_tiff(const char *const filename, const unsigned int compression_type=0,
+                                 const float *const voxel_size=0) const {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "save_tiff(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
+
+#ifndef cimg_use_tiff
+      if (_width==1) _data[0].save_tiff(filename,compression_type,voxel_size);
+      else cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+          char nfilename[1024] = { 0 };
+          cimg::number_filename(filename,l,6,nfilename);
+          _data[l].save_tiff(nfilename,compression_type,voxel_size);
+        }
+#else
+      TIFF *tif = TIFFOpen(filename,"w");
+      if (tif) {
+        for (unsigned int dir = 0, l = 0; l<_width; ++l) {
+          const CImg<T>& img = (*this)[l];
+          if (img) {
+            if (img._depth==1) img._save_tiff(tif,dir++,compression_type,voxel_size);
+            else cimg_forZ(img,z) img.get_slice(z)._save_tiff(tif,dir++,compression_type,voxel_size);
+          }
+        }
+        TIFFClose(tif);
+      } else
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "save_tiff(): Failed to open stream for file '%s'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              filename);
+#endif
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+
+    //! Save list as a gzipped file, using external tool 'gzip'.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename to write data to.
+    **/
+    const CImgList<T>& save_gzip_external(const char *const filename) const {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "save_gzip_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                              cimglist_instance);
+
+      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 }, body[512] = { 0 };
+      const char
+        *ext = cimg::split_filename(filename,body),
+        *ext2 = cimg::split_filename(body,0);
+      std::FILE *file;
+      do {
+        if (!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"gz")) {
+          if (*ext2) cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.%s",
+                                   cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand(),ext2);
+          else cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.cimg",
+                             cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
+        } else {
+          if (*ext) cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.%s",
+                                  cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand(),ext);
+          else cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s.cimg",
+                             cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
+        }
+        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+      } while (file);
+
+      if (is_saveable(body)) {
+        save(filetmp);
+        cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -c \"%s\" > \"%s\"",
+                      cimg::gzip_path(),
+                      CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data(),
+                      CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data());
+        cimg::system(command);
+        file = std::fopen(filename,"rb");
+        if (!file)
+          throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                                "save_gzip_external(): Failed to save file '%s' with external command 'gzip'.",
+                                cimglist_instance,
+                                filename);
+        else cimg::fclose(file);
+        std::remove(filetmp);
+      } else {
+        char nfilename[1024] = { 0 };
+        cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+          cimg::number_filename(body,l,6,nfilename);
+          if (*ext) std::sprintf(nfilename + std::strlen(nfilename),".%s",ext);
+          _data[l].save_gzip_external(nfilename);
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Save image sequence, using the external tool 'ffmpeg'.
+    /**
+      \param filename Filename to write data to.
+      \param codec Type of compression.
+      \param fps Number of frames per second.
+      \param bitrate Output bitrate
+    **/
+    const CImgList<T>& save_ffmpeg_external(const char *const filename, const char *const codec=0,
+                                            const unsigned int fps=25, const unsigned int bitrate=2048) const {
+      if (!filename)
+        throw CImgArgumentException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "save_ffmpeg_external(): Specified filename is (null).",
+                                    cimglist_instance);
+      if (is_empty()) { cimg::fempty(0,filename); return *this; }
+
+      const char
+        *const ext = cimg::split_filename(filename),
+        *const _codec = codec?codec:!cimg::strcasecmp(ext,"flv")?"flv":"mpeg2video";
+
+      char command[1024] = { 0 }, filetmp[512] = { 0 }, filetmp2[512] = { 0 };
+      CImgList<charT> filenames;
+      std::FILE *file = 0;
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) if (!_data[l].is_sameXYZ(_data[0]))
+        throw CImgInstanceException(_cimglist_instance
+                                    "save_ffmpeg_external(): Invalid instance dimensions for file '%s'.",
+                                    cimglist_instance,
+                                    filename);
+      do {
+        cimg_snprintf(filetmp,sizeof(filetmp),"%s%c%s",cimg::temporary_path(),cimg_file_separator,cimg::filenamerand());
+        cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s_000001.ppm",filetmp);
+        if ((file=std::fopen(filetmp2,"rb"))!=0) cimg::fclose(file);
+      } while (file);
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+        cimg_snprintf(filetmp2,sizeof(filetmp2),"%s_%.6u.ppm",filetmp,l+1);
+        CImg<charT>::string(filetmp2).move_to(filenames);
+        if (_data[l]._depth>1 || _data[l]._spectrum!=3) _data[l].get_resize(-100,-100,1,3).save_pnm(filetmp2);
+        else _data[l].save_pnm(filetmp2);
+      }
+#if cimg_OS!=2
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"%s -i \"%s_%%6d.ppm\" -vcodec %s -b %uk -r %u -y \"%s\" >/dev/null 2>&1",
+                    cimg::ffmpeg_path(),
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data(),
+                    _codec,bitrate,fps,
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data());
+#else
+      cimg_snprintf(command,sizeof(command),"\"%s -i \"%s_%%6d.ppm\" -vcodec %s -b %uk -r %u -y \"%s\"\" >NUL 2>&1",
+                    cimg::ffmpeg_path(),
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filetmp)._system_strescape().data(),
+                    _codec,bitrate,fps,
+                    CImg<charT>::string(filename)._system_strescape().data());
+#endif
+      cimg::system(command);
+      file = std::fopen(filename,"rb");
+      if (!file)
+        throw CImgIOException(_cimglist_instance
+                              "save_ffmpeg_external(): Failed to save file '%s' with external command 'ffmpeg'.",
+                              cimglist_instance,
+                              filename);
+      else cimg::fclose(file);
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) std::remove(filenames[l]);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //@}
+    //----------------------------------
+    //
+    //! \name Others
+    //@{
+    //----------------------------------
+
+    //! Crop font along the X-axis.
+    /**
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& crop_font() {
+      return get_crop_font().move_to(*this);
+    }
+
+    //! Crop font along the X-axis \newinstance.
+    /**
+    **/
+    CImgList<T> get_crop_font() const {
+      CImgList<T> res;
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+        const CImg<T>& letter = (*this)[l];
+        int xmin = letter._width, xmax = 0;
+        cimg_forXY(letter,x,y) if (letter(x,y)) { if (x<xmin) xmin = x; if (x>xmax) xmax = x; }
+        if (xmin>xmax) CImg<T>(letter._width,letter._height,1,letter._spectrum,0).move_to(res);
+        else letter.get_crop(xmin,0,xmax,letter._height-1).move_to(res);
+      }
+      res[' '].resize(res['f']._width,-100,-100,-100,0);
+      if (' '+256<res.size()) res[' '+256].resize(res['f']._width,-100,-100,-100,0);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    //! Return a CImg pre-defined font with desired size.
+    /**
+       \param font_height Height of the desired font (exact match for 13,23,53,103).
+       \param is_variable_width Decide if the font has a variable (\c true) or fixed (\c false) width.
+    **/
+    static const CImgList<ucharT>& font(const unsigned int font_height, const bool is_variable_width=true) {
+      if (!font_height) return CImgList<ucharT>::empty();
+      cimg::mutex(11);
+
+      // Decompress nearest base font data if needed.
+      const char *data_fonts[] = { cimg::data_font12x13, cimg::data_font20x23, cimg::data_font47x53, 0 };
+      const unsigned int data_widths[] = { 12,20,47,90 }, data_heights[] = { 13,23,53,103 },
+        data_Ms[] = { 86,79,57,47 };
+      const unsigned int data_ind = font_height<=13?0:font_height<=23?1:font_height<=53?2:3;
+      static CImg<ucharT> base_fonts[4];
+      CImg<ucharT> &base_font = base_fonts[data_ind];
+      if (!base_font) {
+        const unsigned int w = data_widths[data_ind], h = data_heights[data_ind], M = data_Ms[data_ind];
+        base_font.assign(256*w,h);
+        const char *data_font = data_fonts[data_ind];
+        unsigned char *ptrd = base_font;
+        const unsigned char *const ptrde = base_font.end();
+
+        // Special case needed for 90x103 to avoid MS compiler limit with big strings.
+        CImg<char> data90x103;
+        if (!data_font) {
+          ((CImg<char>(cimg::_data_font90x103[0],
+                       (unsigned int)std::strlen(cimg::_data_font90x103[0]),1,1,1,true),
+            CImg<char>(cimg::_data_font90x103[1],
+                       (unsigned int)std::strlen(cimg::_data_font90x103[1])+1,1,1,1,true))>'x').
+            move_to(data90x103);
+          data_font = data90x103.data();
+        }
+
+        // Uncompress font data (decode RLE).
+        for (const char *ptrs = data_font; *ptrs; ++ptrs) {
+          const int c = *ptrs-M-32, v = c>=0?255:0, n = c>=0?c:-c;
+          if (ptrd+n<=ptrde) { std::memset(ptrd,v,n); ptrd+=n; }
+          else { std::memset(ptrd,v,ptrde-ptrd); break; }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Find optimal font cache location to return.
+      static CImgList<ucharT> fonts[16];
+      static bool is_variable_widths[16] = { 0 };
+      unsigned int ind = ~0U;
+      for (int i = 0; i<16; ++i)
+        if (!fonts[i] || (is_variable_widths[i]==is_variable_width && font_height==fonts[i][0]._height)) {
+          ind = i; break; // Found empty slot or cached font.
+        }
+      if (ind==~0U) { // No empty slots nor existing font in cache.
+        std::memmove(fonts,fonts+1,15*sizeof(CImgList<ucharT>));
+        std::memmove(is_variable_widths,is_variable_widths+1,15*sizeof(bool));
+        std::memset(fonts+(ind=15),0,sizeof(CImgList<ucharT>));  // Free a slot in cache for new font.
+      }
+      CImgList<ucharT> &font = fonts[ind];
+
+      // Render requested font.
+      if (!font) {
+        const unsigned int padding_x = font_height<33?1:font_height<53?2:font_height<103?3:4;
+        is_variable_widths[ind] = is_variable_width;
+        font = base_font.get_split('x',256);
+        if (font_height!=font[0]._height)
+          cimglist_for(font,l)
+            font[l].resize(cimg::max(1U,font[l]._width*font_height/font[l]._height),font_height,-100,-100,
+                           font[0]._height>font_height?2:5);
+        if (is_variable_width) font.crop_font();
+        cimglist_for(font,l) font[l].resize(font[l]._width + padding_x,-100,1,1,0,0,0.5);
+        font.insert(256,0);
+        cimglist_for_in(font,0,255,l) font[l].assign(font[l+256]._width,font[l+256]._height,1,3,1);
+      }
+      cimg::mutex(11,0);
+      return font;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute a 1d Fast Fourier Transform, along specified axis.
+    /**
+       \param axis Axis along which the Fourier transform is computed.
+       \param invert Tells if the direct (\c false) or inverse transform (\c true) is computed.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& FFT(const char axis, const bool invert=false) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (_width==1) insert(1);
+      if (_width>2)
+        cimg::warn(_cimglist_instance
+                   "FFT(): Instance has more than 2 images",
+                   cimglist_instance);
+
+      CImg<T>::FFT(_data[0],_data[1],axis,invert);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute a 1-D Fast Fourier Transform, along specified axis \newinstance.
+    CImgList<Tfloat> get_FFT(const char axis, const bool invert=false) const {
+      return CImgList<Tfloat>(*this,false).FFT(axis,invert);
+    }
+
+    //! Compute a n-d Fast Fourier Transform.
+    /**
+      \param invert Tells if the direct (\c false) or inverse transform (\c true) is computed.
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& FFT(const bool invert=false) {
+      if (is_empty()) return *this;
+      if (_width==1) insert(1);
+      if (_width>2)
+        cimg::warn(_cimglist_instance
+                   "FFT(): Instance has more than 2 images",
+                   cimglist_instance);
+
+      CImg<T>::FFT(_data[0],_data[1],invert);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Compute a n-d Fast Fourier Transform \newinstance.
+    CImgList<Tfloat> get_FFT(const bool invert=false) const {
+      return CImgList<Tfloat>(*this,false).FFT(invert);
+    }
+
+    //! Reverse primitives orientations of a 3d object.
+    /**
+    **/
+    CImgList<T>& reverse_object3d() {
+      cimglist_for(*this,l) {
+        CImg<T>& p = _data[l];
+        switch (p.size()) {
+        case 2: case 3: cimg::swap(p[0],p[1]); break;
+        case 6: cimg::swap(p[0],p[1],p[2],p[4],p[3],p[5]); break;
+        case 9: cimg::swap(p[0],p[1],p[3],p[5],p[4],p[6]); break;
+        case 4: cimg::swap(p[0],p[1],p[2],p[3]); break;
+        case 12: cimg::swap(p[0],p[1],p[2],p[3],p[4],p[6],p[5],p[7],p[8],p[10],p[9],p[11]); break;
+        }
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Reverse primitives orientations of a 3d object \newinstance.
+    CImgList<T> get_reverse_object3d() const {
+      return (+*this).reverse_object3d();
+    }
+
+    //@}
+  }; // struct CImgList<T> { ...
+
+  /*
+  #---------------------------------------------
+  #
+   # Completion of previously declared functions
+   #
+   #----------------------------------------------
+  */
+
+namespace cimg {
+
+    // Implement a tic/toc mechanism to display elapsed time of algorithms.
+    inline unsigned long tictoc(const bool is_tic) {
+      cimg::mutex(2);
+      static CImg<unsigned long> times(64);
+      static unsigned int pos = 0;
+      const unsigned long t1 = cimg::time();
+      if (is_tic) { // Tic.
+        times[pos++] = t1;
+        if (pos>=times._width)
+          throw CImgArgumentException("cimg::tic(): Too much calls to 'cimg::tic()' without calls to 'cimg::toc()'.");
+        cimg::mutex(2,0);
+        return t1;
+      }
+      // Toc.
+      if (!pos)
+        throw CImgArgumentException("cimg::toc(): No previous call to 'cimg::tic()' has been made.");
+      const unsigned long
+        t0 = times[--pos],
+        dt = t1>=t0?(t1-t0):cimg::type<unsigned long>::max();
+      const unsigned int
+        edays = (unsigned int)(dt/86400000.0),
+        ehours = (unsigned int)((dt - edays*86400000.0)/3600000.0),
+        emin = (unsigned int)((dt - edays*86400000.0 - ehours*3600000.0)/60000.0),
+        esec = (unsigned int)((dt - edays*86400000.0 - ehours*3600000.0 - emin*60000.0)/1000.0),
+        ems = (unsigned int)(dt - edays*86400000.0 - ehours*3600000.0 - emin*60000.0 - esec*1000.0);
+      if (!edays && !ehours && !emin && !esec)
+        std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"%s[CImg]%*sElapsed time: %u ms%s\n",
+                     cimg::t_red,1+2*pos,"",ems,cimg::t_normal);
+      else {
+        if (!edays && !ehours && !emin)
+          std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"%s[CImg]%*sElapsed time: %u sec %u ms%s\n",
+                       cimg::t_red,1+2*pos,"",esec,ems,cimg::t_normal);
+        else {
+          if (!edays && !ehours)
+            std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"%s[CImg]%*sElapsed time: %u min %u sec %u ms%s\n",
+                         cimg::t_red,1+2*pos,"",emin,esec,ems,cimg::t_normal);
+          else{
+            if (!edays)
+              std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"%s[CImg]%*sElapsed time: %u hours %u min %u sec %u ms%s\n",
+                           cimg::t_red,1+2*pos,"",ehours,emin,esec,ems,cimg::t_normal);
+            else{
+              std::fprintf(cimg::output(),"%s[CImg]%*sElapsed time: %u days %u hours %u min %u sec %u ms%s\n",
+                           cimg::t_red,1+2*pos,"",edays,ehours,emin,esec,ems,cimg::t_normal);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      cimg::mutex(2,0);
+      return dt;
+    }
+
+  //! Display a simple dialog box, and wait for the user's response.
+  /**
+     \param title Title of the dialog window.
+     \param msg Main message displayed inside the dialog window.
+     \param button1_label Label of the 1st button.
+     \param button2_label Label of the 2nd button (\c 0 to hide button).
+     \param button3_label Label of the 3rd button (\c 0 to hide button).
+     \param button4_label Label of the 4th button (\c 0 to hide button).
+     \param button5_label Label of the 5th button (\c 0 to hide button).
+     \param button6_label Label of the 6th button (\c 0 to hide button).
+     \param logo Image logo displayed at the left of the main message.
+     \param is_centered Tells if the dialog window must be centered on the screen.
+     \return Indice of clicked button (from \c 0 to \c 5), or \c -1 if the dialog window has been closed by the user.
+     \note
+     - Up to 6 buttons can be defined in the dialog window.
+     - The function returns when a user clicked one of the button or closed the dialog window.
+     - If a button text is set to 0, the corresponding button (and the followings) will not appear in the dialog box.
+       At least one button must be specified.
+  **/
+  template<typename t>
+  inline int dialog(const char *const title, const char *const msg,
+                    const char *const button1_label, const char *const button2_label,
+                    const char *const button3_label, const char *const button4_label,
+                    const char *const button5_label, const char *const button6_label,
+                    const CImg<t>& logo, const bool is_centered = false) {
+#if cimg_display==0
+    cimg::unused(title,msg,button1_label,button2_label,button3_label,button4_label,button5_label,button6_label,
+                 logo._data,is_centered);
+    throw CImgIOException("cimg::dialog(): No display available.");
+#else
+    const unsigned char
+      black[] = { 0,0,0 }, white[] = { 255,255,255 }, gray[] = { 200,200,200 }, gray2[] = { 150,150,150 };
+
+    // Create buttons and canvas graphics
+    CImgList<unsigned char> buttons, cbuttons, sbuttons;
+    if (button1_label) { CImg<unsigned char>().draw_text(0,0,button1_label,black,gray,1,13).move_to(buttons);
+      if (button2_label) { CImg<unsigned char>().draw_text(0,0,button2_label,black,gray,1,13).move_to(buttons);
+        if (button3_label) { CImg<unsigned char>().draw_text(0,0,button3_label,black,gray,1,13).move_to(buttons);
+          if (button4_label) { CImg<unsigned char>().draw_text(0,0,button4_label,black,gray,1,13).move_to(buttons);
+            if (button5_label) { CImg<unsigned char>().draw_text(0,0,button5_label,black,gray,1,13).move_to(buttons);
+              if (button6_label) { CImg<unsigned char>().draw_text(0,0,button6_label,black,gray,1,13).move_to(buttons);
+              }}}}}}
+    if (!buttons._width)
+      throw CImgArgumentException("cimg::dialog(): No buttons have been defined.");
+    cimglist_for(buttons,l) buttons[l].resize(-100,-100,1,3);
+
+    unsigned int bw = 0, bh = 0;
+    cimglist_for(buttons,l) { bw = cimg::max(bw,buttons[l]._width); bh = cimg::max(bh,buttons[l]._height); }
+    bw+=8; bh+=8;
+    if (bw<64) bw = 64;
+    if (bw>128) bw = 128;
+    if (bh<24) bh = 24;
+    if (bh>48) bh = 48;
+
+    CImg<unsigned char> button(bw,bh,1,3);
+    button.draw_rectangle(0,0,bw-1,bh-1,gray);
+    button.draw_line(0,0,bw-1,0,white).draw_line(0,bh-1,0,0,white);
+    button.draw_line(bw-1,0,bw-1,bh-1,black).draw_line(bw-1,bh-1,0,bh-1,black);
+    button.draw_line(1,bh-2,bw-2,bh-2,gray2).draw_line(bw-2,bh-2,bw-2,1,gray2);
+    CImg<unsigned char> sbutton(bw,bh,1,3);
+    sbutton.draw_rectangle(0,0,bw-1,bh-1,gray);
+    sbutton.draw_line(0,0,bw-1,0,black).draw_line(bw-1,0,bw-1,bh-1,black);
+    sbutton.draw_line(bw-1,bh-1,0,bh-1,black).draw_line(0,bh-1,0,0,black);
+    sbutton.draw_line(1,1,bw-2,1,white).draw_line(1,bh-2,1,1,white);
+    sbutton.draw_line(bw-2,1,bw-2,bh-2,black).draw_line(bw-2,bh-2,1,bh-2,black);
+    sbutton.draw_line(2,bh-3,bw-3,bh-3,gray2).draw_line(bw-3,bh-3,bw-3,2,gray2);
+    sbutton.draw_line(4,4,bw-5,4,black,1,0xAAAAAAAA,true).draw_line(bw-5,4,bw-5,bh-5,black,1,0xAAAAAAAA,false);
+    sbutton.draw_line(bw-5,bh-5,4,bh-5,black,1,0xAAAAAAAA,false).draw_line(4,bh-5,4,4,black,1,0xAAAAAAAA,false);
+    CImg<unsigned char> cbutton(bw,bh,1,3);
+    cbutton.draw_rectangle(0,0,bw-1,bh-1,black).draw_rectangle(1,1,bw-2,bh-2,gray2).draw_rectangle(2,2,bw-3,bh-3,gray);
+    cbutton.draw_line(4,4,bw-5,4,black,1,0xAAAAAAAA,true).draw_line(bw-5,4,bw-5,bh-5,black,1,0xAAAAAAAA,false);
+    cbutton.draw_line(bw-5,bh-5,4,bh-5,black,1,0xAAAAAAAA,false).draw_line(4,bh-5,4,4,black,1,0xAAAAAAAA,false);
+
+    cimglist_for(buttons,ll) {
+      CImg<unsigned char>(cbutton).draw_image(1+(bw-buttons[ll].width())/2,1+(bh-buttons[ll].height())/2,buttons[ll]).
+        move_to(cbuttons);
+      CImg<unsigned char>(sbutton).draw_image((bw-buttons[ll].width())/2,(bh-buttons[ll].height())/2,buttons[ll]).
+        move_to(sbuttons);
+      CImg<unsigned char>(button).draw_image((bw-buttons[ll].width())/2,(bh-buttons[ll].height())/2,buttons[ll]).
+        move_to(buttons[ll]);
+    }
+
+    CImg<unsigned char> canvas;
+    if (msg)
+      ((CImg<unsigned char>().draw_text(0,0,"%s",gray,0,1,13,msg)*=-1)+=200).resize(-100,-100,1,3).move_to(canvas);
+
+    const unsigned int
+      bwall = (buttons._width-1)*(12+bw) + bw,
+      w = cimg::max(196U,36+logo._width+canvas._width,24+bwall),
+      h = cimg::max(96U,36+canvas._height+bh,36+logo._height+bh),
+      lx = 12 + (canvas._data?0:((w-24-logo._width)/2)),
+      ly = (h-12-bh-logo._height)/2,
+      tx = lx+logo._width+12,
+      ty = (h-12-bh-canvas._height)/2,
+      bx = (w-bwall)/2,
+      by = h-12-bh;
+
+    if (canvas._data)
+      canvas = CImg<unsigned char>(w,h,1,3).
+        draw_rectangle(0,0,w-1,h-1,gray).
+        draw_line(0,0,w-1,0,white).draw_line(0,h-1,0,0,white).
+        draw_line(w-1,0,w-1,h-1,black).draw_line(w-1,h-1,0,h-1,black).
+        draw_image(tx,ty,canvas);
+    else
+      canvas = CImg<unsigned char>(w,h,1,3).
+        draw_rectangle(0,0,w-1,h-1,gray).
+        draw_line(0,0,w-1,0,white).draw_line(0,h-1,0,0,white).
+        draw_line(w-1,0,w-1,h-1,black).draw_line(w-1,h-1,0,h-1,black);
+    if (logo._data) canvas.draw_image(lx,ly,logo);
+
+    unsigned int xbuttons[6] = { 0 };
+    cimglist_for(buttons,lll) { xbuttons[lll] = bx+(bw+12)*lll; canvas.draw_image(xbuttons[lll],by,buttons[lll]); }
+
+    // Open window and enter events loop
+    CImgDisplay disp(canvas,title?title:" ",0,false,is_centered?true:false);
+    if (is_centered) disp.move((CImgDisplay::screen_width() - disp.width())/2,
+                             (CImgDisplay::screen_height() - disp.height())/2);
+    bool stop_flag = false, refresh = false;
+    int oselected = -1, oclicked = -1, selected = -1, clicked = -1;
+    while (!disp.is_closed() && !stop_flag) {
+      if (refresh) {
+        if (clicked>=0)
+          CImg<unsigned char>(canvas).draw_image(xbuttons[clicked],by,cbuttons[clicked]).display(disp);
+        else {
+          if (selected>=0)
+            CImg<unsigned char>(canvas).draw_image(xbuttons[selected],by,sbuttons[selected]).display(disp);
+          else canvas.display(disp);
+        }
+        refresh = false;
+      }
+      disp.wait(15);
+      if (disp.is_resized()) disp.resize(disp,false);
+
+      if (disp.button()&1)  {
+        oclicked = clicked;
+        clicked = -1;
+        cimglist_for(buttons,l)
+          if (disp.mouse_y()>=(int)by && disp.mouse_y()<(int)(by+bh) &&
+              disp.mouse_x()>=(int)xbuttons[l] && disp.mouse_x()<(int)(xbuttons[l]+bw)) {
+            clicked = selected = l;
+            refresh = true;
+          }
+        if (clicked!=oclicked) refresh = true;
+      } else if (clicked>=0) stop_flag = true;
+
+      if (disp.key()) {
+        oselected = selected;
+        switch (disp.key()) {
+        case cimg::keyESC : selected=-1; stop_flag = true; break;
+        case cimg::keyENTER : if (selected<0) selected = 0; stop_flag = true; break;
+        case cimg::keyTAB :
+        case cimg::keyARROWRIGHT :
+        case cimg::keyARROWDOWN : selected = (selected+1)%buttons._width; break;
+        case cimg::keyARROWLEFT :
+        case cimg::keyARROWUP : selected = (selected+buttons._width-1)%buttons._width; break;
+        }
+        disp.set_key();
+        if (selected!=oselected) refresh = true;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!disp) selected = -1;
+    return selected;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  //! Display a simple dialog box, and wait for the user's response \specialization.
+  inline int dialog(const char *const title, const char *const msg,
+                    const char *const button1_label, const char *const button2_label, const char *const button3_label,
+                    const char *const button4_label, const char *const button5_label, const char *const button6_label,
+                    const bool is_centered) {
+    return dialog(title,msg,button1_label,button2_label,button3_label,button4_label,button5_label,button6_label,
+                  CImg<unsigned char>::_logo40x38(),is_centered);
+  }
+
+  //! Evaluate math expression.
+  /**
+     \param expression C-string describing the formula to evaluate.
+     \param x Value of the pre-defined variable \c x.
+     \param y Value of the pre-defined variable \c y.
+     \param z Value of the pre-defined variable \c z.
+     \param c Value of the pre-defined variable \c c.
+     \return Result of the formula evaluation.
+     \note Set \c expression to \c 0 to keep evaluating the last specified \c expression.
+     \par Example
+     \code
+     const double
+       res1 = cimg::eval("cos(x)^2+sin(y)^2",2,2),  // will return '1'.
+       res2 = cimg::eval(0,1,1);                    // will return '1' too.
+     \endcode
+  **/
+  inline double eval(const char *const expression, const double x, const double y, const double z, const double c) {
+    static const CImg<float> empty;
+    return empty.eval(expression,x,y,z,c);
+  }
+
+  template<typename t>
+  inline CImg<typename cimg::superset<double,t>::type> eval(const char *const expression, const CImg<t>& xyzc) {
+    static const CImg<float> empty;
+    return empty.eval(expression,xyzc);
+  }
+
+  // End of cimg:: namespace
+}
+
+  // End of cimg_library:: namespace
+}
+
+//! Short alias name.
+namespace cil = cimg_library_suffixed;
+
+#ifdef _cimg_redefine_False
+#define False 0
+#endif
+#ifdef _cimg_redefine_True
+#define True 1
+#endif
+#ifdef _cimg_redefine_None
+#define None 0
+#endif
+#ifdef _cimg_redefine_min
+#define min(a,b) (((a)<(b))?(a):(b))
+#endif
+#ifdef _cimg_redefine_max
+#define max(a,b) (((a)>(b))?(a):(b))
+#endif
+#ifdef _cimg_redefine_PI
+#define PI 3.141592653589793238462643383
+#endif
+
+#endif
+// Local Variables:
+// mode: c++
+// End:
diff --git a/stim/image/image.h b/stim/image/image.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6d5195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/image/image.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#ifndef STIM_IMAGE_H
+#define STIM_IMAGE_H
+#define cimg_use_jpeg         //necessary for JPG files
+#include "CImg.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+namespace stim{
+//This static class provides the STIM interface for loading images
+//	Use this interface for all image management - that way the actual library can be changed without problems
+
+//currently this interface uses CImg
+//	T = data type (usually unsigned char)
+template <class T>
+class image{
+
+	cimg_library::CImg<T> img;
+
+public:
+
+	//default constructor
+	image(){
+	}
+
+	//constructor (load an image file)
+	image(std::string filename){
+		img.load(filename.c_str());
+	}
+
+	//Load an image from a file
+	void load(std::string filename){
+		img.load(filename.c_str());
+	}
+
+	//save a file
+	void save(std::string filename){
+		img.save(filename.c_str());
+	}
+
+	//create an image from an interleaved buffer
+	void set_interleaved(T* buffer, unsigned int width, unsigned int height, unsigned int channels = 1){
+
+		unsigned char* non_interleaved = (unsigned char*)malloc(width * height * 3);
+		unsigned int S = width * height;
+
+		for(unsigned int i = 0; i < S; i++){
+			for(unsigned int c = 0; c < channels; c++){
+				non_interleaved[i + c * S] = buffer[i * channels + c];
+			}
+		}
+
+		img = cimg_library::CImg<unsigned char>(non_interleaved, width, height, 1, channels);
+	}
+
+	//fills an allocated region of memory with non-interleaved data
+	void data_noninterleaved(T* data){
+		memcpy(data, img.data(), sizeof(T) * size());
+	}
+
+	void data_interleaved(T* data){
+
+		unsigned int C = channels();
+		unsigned int X = size();
+
+		T* ptr = img.data();
+
+		//for each channel
+		for(unsigned int c = 0; c < C; c++)
+			//convert each pixel
+			for(unsigned int x = 0; x < X; x++)
+				data[x * C + c] = ptr[c * X + x];
+	}
+
+	unsigned int channels(){
+		return (unsigned int)img.spectrum();
+	}
+
+	unsigned int width(){
+		return img.width();
+	}
+
+	unsigned int height(){
+		return img.height();
+	}
+
+	//returns the size (number of values) of the image
+	unsigned long size(){
+		return img.size();
+	}
+
+	
+
+
+
+};
+
+};		//end namespace stim
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/math/bessel.h b/stim/math/bessel.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d291deb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/math/bessel.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1515 @@
+#ifndef RTS_BESSEL_H
+#define RTS_BESSEL_H
+
+#define _USE_MATH_DEFINES
+#include <math.h>
+#include "../math/complex.h"
+#define eps 1e-15
+#define el 0.5772156649015329
+
+
+namespace stim{
+
+static complex<double> cii(0.0,1.0);
+static complex<double> cone(1.0,0.0);
+static complex<double> czero(0.0,0.0);
+
+template< typename P >
+P gamma(P x)
+{
+    int i,k,m;
+    P ga,gr,r,z;
+
+    static P g[] = {
+        1.0,
+        0.5772156649015329,
+       -0.6558780715202538,
+       -0.420026350340952e-1,
+        0.1665386113822915,
+       -0.421977345555443e-1,
+       -0.9621971527877e-2,
+        0.7218943246663e-2,
+       -0.11651675918591e-2,
+       -0.2152416741149e-3,
+        0.1280502823882e-3,
+       -0.201348547807e-4,
+       -0.12504934821e-5,
+        0.1133027232e-5,
+       -0.2056338417e-6,
+        0.6116095e-8,
+        0.50020075e-8,
+       -0.11812746e-8,
+        0.1043427e-9,
+        0.77823e-11,
+       -0.36968e-11,
+        0.51e-12,
+       -0.206e-13,
+       -0.54e-14,
+        0.14e-14};
+
+    if (x > 171.0) return 1e308;    // This value is an overflow flag.
+    if (x == (int)x) {
+        if (x > 0.0) {
+            ga = 1.0;               // use factorial
+            for (i=2;i<x;i++) {
+               ga *= i;
+            }
+         }
+         else
+            ga = 1e308;
+     }
+     else {
+        if (fabs(x) > 1.0) {
+            z = fabs(x);
+            m = (int)z;
+            r = 1.0;
+            for (k=1;k<=m;k++) {
+                r *= (z-k);
+            }
+            z -= m;
+        }
+        else
+            z = x;
+        gr = g[24];
+        for (k=23;k>=0;k--) {
+            gr = gr*z+g[k];
+        }
+        ga = 1.0/(gr*z);
+        if (fabs(x) > 1.0) {
+            ga *= r;
+            if (x < 0.0) {
+                ga = -M_PI/(x*ga*sin(M_PI*x));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return ga;
+}
+
+template<typename P>
+int bessjy01a(P x,P &j0,P &j1,P &y0,P &y1,
+    P &j0p,P &j1p,P &y0p,P &y1p)
+{
+    P x2,r,ec,w0,w1,r0,r1,cs0,cs1;
+    P cu,p0,q0,p1,q1,t1,t2;
+    int k,kz;
+    static P a[] = {
+        -7.03125e-2,
+         0.112152099609375,
+        -0.5725014209747314,
+         6.074042001273483,
+        -1.100171402692467e2,
+         3.038090510922384e3,
+        -1.188384262567832e5,
+         6.252951493434797e6,
+        -4.259392165047669e8,
+         3.646840080706556e10,
+        -3.833534661393944e12,
+         4.854014686852901e14,
+        -7.286857349377656e16,
+         1.279721941975975e19};
+    static P b[] = {
+         7.32421875e-2,
+        -0.2271080017089844,
+         1.727727502584457,
+        -2.438052969955606e1,
+         5.513358961220206e2,
+        -1.825775547429318e4,
+         8.328593040162893e5,
+        -5.006958953198893e7,
+         3.836255180230433e9,
+        -3.649010818849833e11,
+         4.218971570284096e13,
+        -5.827244631566907e15,
+         9.476288099260110e17,
+        -1.792162323051699e20};
+    static P a1[] = {
+         0.1171875,
+        -0.1441955566406250,
+         0.6765925884246826,
+        -6.883914268109947,
+         1.215978918765359e2,
+        -3.302272294480852e3,
+         1.276412726461746e5,
+        -6.656367718817688e6,
+         4.502786003050393e8,
+        -3.833857520742790e10,
+         4.011838599133198e12,
+        -5.060568503314727e14,
+         7.572616461117958e16,
+        -1.326257285320556e19};
+    static P b1[] = {
+        -0.1025390625,
+         0.2775764465332031,
+        -1.993531733751297,
+         2.724882731126854e1,
+        -6.038440767050702e2,
+         1.971837591223663e4,
+        -8.902978767070678e5,
+         5.310411010968522e7,
+        -4.043620325107754e9,
+         3.827011346598605e11,
+        -4.406481417852278e13,
+         6.065091351222699e15,
+        -9.833883876590679e17,
+         1.855045211579828e20};
+
+    if (x < 0.0) return 1;
+    if (x == 0.0) {
+        j0 = 1.0;
+        j1 = 0.0;
+        y0 = -1e308;
+        y1 = -1e308;
+        j0p = 0.0;
+        j1p = 0.5;
+        y0p = 1e308;
+        y1p = 1e308;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    x2 = x*x;
+    if (x <= 12.0) {
+        j0 = 1.0;
+        r = 1.0;
+        for (k=1;k<=30;k++) {
+            r *= -0.25*x2/(k*k);
+            j0 += r;
+            if (fabs(r) < fabs(j0)*1e-15) break;
+        }
+        j1 = 1.0;
+        r = 1.0;
+        for (k=1;k<=30;k++) {
+            r *= -0.25*x2/(k*(k+1));
+            j1 += r;
+            if (fabs(r) < fabs(j1)*1e-15) break;
+        }
+        j1 *= 0.5*x;
+        ec = log(0.5*x)+el;
+        cs0 = 0.0;
+        w0 = 0.0;
+        r0 = 1.0;
+        for (k=1;k<=30;k++) {
+            w0 += 1.0/k;
+            r0 *= -0.25*x2/(k*k);
+            r = r0 * w0;
+            cs0 += r;
+            if (fabs(r) < fabs(cs0)*1e-15) break;
+        }
+        y0 = M_2_PI*(ec*j0-cs0);
+        cs1 = 1.0;
+        w1 = 0.0;
+        r1 = 1.0;
+        for (k=1;k<=30;k++) {
+            w1 += 1.0/k;
+            r1 *= -0.25*x2/(k*(k+1));
+            r = r1*(2.0*w1+1.0/(k+1));
+            cs1 += r;
+            if (fabs(r) < fabs(cs1)*1e-15) break;
+        }
+        y1 = M_2_PI * (ec*j1-1.0/x-0.25*x*cs1);
+    }
+    else {
+        if (x >= 50.0) kz = 8;          // Can be changed to 10
+        else if (x >= 35.0) kz = 10;    //  "       "        12
+        else kz = 12;                   //  "       "        14
+        t1 = x-M_PI_4;
+        p0 = 1.0;
+        q0 = -0.125/x;
+        for (k=0;k<kz;k++) {
+            p0 += a[k]*pow(x,-2*k-2);
+            q0 += b[k]*pow(x,-2*k-3);
+        }
+        cu = sqrt(M_2_PI/x);
+        j0 = cu*(p0*cos(t1)-q0*sin(t1));
+        y0 = cu*(p0*sin(t1)+q0*cos(t1));
+        t2 = x-0.75*M_PI;
+        p1 = 1.0;
+        q1 = 0.375/x;
+        for (k=0;k<kz;k++) {
+            p1 += a1[k]*pow(x,-2*k-2);
+            q1 += b1[k]*pow(x,-2*k-3);
+        }
+        j1 = cu*(p1*cos(t2)-q1*sin(t2));
+        y1 = cu*(p1*sin(t2)+q1*cos(t2));
+    }
+    j0p = -j1;
+    j1p = j0-j1/x;
+    y0p = -y1;
+    y1p = y0-y1/x;
+    return 0;
+}
+//
+//  INPUT:
+//      double x    -- argument of Bessel function
+//
+//  OUTPUT:
+//      double j0   -- Bessel function of 1st kind, 0th order
+//      double j1   -- Bessel function of 1st kind, 1st order
+//      double y0   -- Bessel function of 2nd kind, 0th order
+//      double y1   -- Bessel function of 2nd kind, 1st order
+//      double j0p  -- derivative of Bessel function of 1st kind, 0th order
+//      double j1p  -- derivative of Bessel function of 1st kind, 1st order
+//      double y0p  -- derivative of Bessel function of 2nd kind, 0th order
+//      double y1p  -- derivative of Bessel function of 2nd kind, 1st order
+//
+//  RETURN:
+//      int error code: 0 = OK, 1 = error
+//
+//  This algorithm computes the functions using polynomial approximations.
+//
+template<typename P>
+int bessjy01b(P x,P &j0,P &j1,P &y0,P &y1,
+    P &j0p,P &j1p,P &y0p,P &y1p)
+{
+    P t,t2,dtmp,a0,p0,q0,p1,q1,ta0,ta1;
+    if (x < 0.0) return 1;
+    if (x == 0.0) {
+        j0 = 1.0;
+        j1 = 0.0;
+        y0 = -1e308;
+        y1 = -1e308;
+        j0p = 0.0;
+        j1p = 0.5;
+        y0p = 1e308;
+        y1p = 1e308;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if(x <= 4.0) {
+        t = x/4.0;
+        t2 = t*t;
+        j0 = ((((((-0.5014415e-3*t2+0.76771853e-2)*t2-0.0709253492)*t2+
+            0.4443584263)*t2-1.7777560599)*t2+3.9999973021)*t2
+            -3.9999998721)*t2+1.0;
+        j1 = t*(((((((-0.1289769e-3*t2+0.22069155e-2)*t2-0.0236616773)*t2+
+            0.1777582922)*t2-0.8888839649)*t2+2.6666660544)*t2-
+            3.999999971)*t2+1.9999999998);
+        dtmp = (((((((-0.567433e-4*t2+0.859977e-3)*t2-0.94855882e-2)*t2+
+            0.0772975809)*t2-0.4261737419)*t2+1.4216421221)*t2-
+            2.3498519931)*t2+1.0766115157)*t2+0.3674669052;
+        y0 = M_2_PI*log(0.5*x)*j0+dtmp;
+        dtmp = (((((((0.6535773e-3*t2-0.0108175626)*t2+0.107657607)*t2-
+            0.7268945577)*t2+3.1261399273)*t2-7.3980241381)*t2+
+            6.8529236342)*t2+0.3932562018)*t2-0.6366197726;
+        y1 = M_2_PI*log(0.5*x)*j1+dtmp/x;
+    }
+    else {
+        t = 4.0/x;
+        t2 = t*t;
+        a0 = sqrt(M_2_PI/x);
+        p0 = ((((-0.9285e-5*t2+0.43506e-4)*t2-0.122226e-3)*t2+
+             0.434725e-3)*t2-0.4394275e-2)*t2+0.999999997;
+        q0 = t*(((((0.8099e-5*t2-0.35614e-4)*t2+0.85844e-4)*t2-
+            0.218024e-3)*t2+0.1144106e-2)*t2-0.031249995);
+        ta0 = x-M_PI_4;
+        j0 = a0*(p0*cos(ta0)-q0*sin(ta0));
+        y0 = a0*(p0*sin(ta0)+q0*cos(ta0));
+        p1 = ((((0.10632e-4*t2-0.50363e-4)*t2+0.145575e-3)*t2
+            -0.559487e-3)*t2+0.7323931e-2)*t2+1.000000004;
+        q1 = t*(((((-0.9173e-5*t2+0.40658e-4)*t2-0.99941e-4)*t2
+            +0.266891e-3)*t2-0.1601836e-2)*t2+0.093749994);
+        ta1 = x-0.75*M_PI;
+        j1 = a0*(p1*cos(ta1)-q1*sin(ta1));
+        y1 = a0*(p1*sin(ta1)+q1*cos(ta1));
+    }
+    j0p = -j1;
+    j1p = j0-j1/x;
+    y0p = -y1;
+    y1p = y0-y1/x;
+    return 0;
+}
+template<typename P>
+int msta1(P x,int mp)
+{
+    P a0,f0,f1,f;
+    int i,n0,n1,nn;
+
+    a0 = fabs(x);
+    n0 = (int)(1.1*a0)+1;
+    f0 = 0.5*log10(6.28*n0)-n0*log10(1.36*a0/n0)-mp;
+    n1 = n0+5;
+    f1 = 0.5*log10(6.28*n1)-n1*log10(1.36*a0/n1)-mp;
+    for (i=0;i<20;i++) {
+        nn = (int)(n1-(n1-n0)/(1.0-f0/f1));
+        f = 0.5*log10(6.28*nn)-nn*log10(1.36*a0/nn)-mp;
+        if (abs(nn-n1) < 1) break;
+        n0 = n1;
+        f0 = f1;
+        n1 = nn;
+        f1 = f;
+    }
+    return nn;
+}
+template<typename P>
+int msta2(P x,int n,int mp)
+{
+    P a0,ejn,hmp,f0,f1,f,obj;
+    int i,n0,n1,nn;
+
+    a0 = fabs(x);
+    hmp = 0.5*mp;
+    ejn = 0.5*log10(6.28*n)-n*log10(1.36*a0/n);
+    if (ejn <= hmp) {
+        obj = mp;
+        n0 = (int)(1.1*a0);
+        if (n0 < 1) n0 = 1;
+    }
+    else {
+        obj = hmp+ejn;
+        n0 = n;
+    }
+    f0 = 0.5*log10(6.28*n0)-n0*log10(1.36*a0/n0)-obj;
+    n1 = n0+5;
+    f1 = 0.5*log10(6.28*n1)-n1*log10(1.36*a0/n1)-obj;
+    for (i=0;i<20;i++) {
+        nn = (int)(n1-(n1-n0)/(1.0-f0/f1));
+        f = 0.5*log10(6.28*nn)-nn*log10(1.36*a0/nn)-obj;
+        if (abs(nn-n1) < 1) break;
+        n0 = n1;
+        f0 = f1;
+        n1 = nn;
+        f1 = f;
+    }
+    return nn+10;
+}
+//
+//  INPUT:
+//  double x    -- argument of Bessel function of 1st and 2nd kind.
+//  int n       -- order
+//
+//  OUPUT:
+//
+//  int nm      -- highest order actually computed (nm <= n)
+//  double jn[] -- Bessel function of 1st kind, orders from 0 to nm
+//  double yn[] -- Bessel function of 2nd kind, orders from 0 to nm
+//  double j'n[]-- derivative of Bessel function of 1st kind,
+//                      orders from 0 to nm
+//  double y'n[]-- derivative of Bessel function of 2nd kind,
+//                      orders from 0 to nm
+//
+//  Computes Bessel functions of all order up to 'n' using recurrence
+//  relations. If 'nm' < 'n' only 'nm' orders are returned.
+//
+template<typename P>
+int bessjyna(int n,P x,int &nm,P *jn,P *yn,
+    P *jnp,P *ynp)
+{
+    P bj0,bj1,f,f0,f1,f2,cs;
+    int i,k,m,ecode;
+
+    nm = n;
+    if ((x < 0.0) || (n < 0)) return 1;
+    if (x < 1e-15) {
+        for (i=0;i<=n;i++) {
+            jn[i] = 0.0;
+            yn[i] = -1e308;
+            jnp[i] = 0.0;
+            ynp[i] = 1e308;
+        }
+        jn[0] = 1.0;
+        jnp[1] = 0.5;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    ecode = bessjy01a(x,jn[0],jn[1],yn[0],yn[1],jnp[0],jnp[1],ynp[0],ynp[1]);
+    if (n < 2) return 0;
+    bj0 = jn[0];
+    bj1 = jn[1];
+    if (n < (int)0.9*x) {
+        for (k=2;k<=n;k++) {
+            jn[k] = 2.0*(k-1.0)*bj1/x-bj0;
+            bj0 = bj1;
+            bj1 = jn[k];
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        m = msta1(x,200);
+        if (m < n) nm = m;
+        else m = msta2(x,n,15);
+        f2 = 0.0;
+        f1 = 1.0e-100;
+        for (k=m;k>=0;k--) {
+            f = 2.0*(k+1.0)/x*f1-f2;
+            if (k <= nm) jn[k] = f;
+            f2 = f1;
+            f1 = f;
+        }
+        if (fabs(bj0) > fabs(bj1)) cs = bj0/f;
+        else cs = bj1/f2;
+        for (k=0;k<=nm;k++) {
+            jn[k] *= cs;
+        }
+    }
+    for (k=2;k<=nm;k++) {
+        jnp[k] = jn[k-1]-k*jn[k]/x;
+    }
+    f0 = yn[0];
+    f1 = yn[1];
+    for (k=2;k<=nm;k++) {
+        f = 2.0*(k-1.0)*f1/x-f0;
+        yn[k] = f;
+        f0 = f1;
+        f1 = f;
+    }
+    for (k=2;k<=nm;k++) {
+        ynp[k] = yn[k-1]-k*yn[k]/x;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+//
+//  Same input and output conventions as above. Different recurrence
+//  relations used for 'x' < 300.
+//
+template<typename P>
+int bessjynb(int n,P x,int &nm,P *jn,P *yn,
+    P *jnp,P *ynp)
+{
+    P t1,t2,f,f1,f2,bj0,bj1,bjk,by0,by1,cu,s0,su,sv;
+    P ec,bs,byk,p0,p1,q0,q1;
+    static P a[] = {
+        -0.7031250000000000e-1,
+         0.1121520996093750,
+        -0.5725014209747314,
+         6.074042001273483};
+    static P b[] = {
+         0.7324218750000000e-1,
+        -0.2271080017089844,
+         1.727727502584457,
+        -2.438052969955606e1};
+    static P a1[] = {
+         0.1171875,
+        -0.1441955566406250,
+         0.6765925884246826,
+        -6.883914268109947};
+    static P b1[] = {
+       -0.1025390625,
+        0.2775764465332031,
+       -1.993531733751297,
+        2.724882731126854e1};
+
+    int i,k,m;
+    nm = n;
+    if ((x < 0.0) || (n < 0)) return 1;
+    if (x < 1e-15) {
+        for (i=0;i<=n;i++) {
+            jn[i] = 0.0;
+            yn[i] = -1e308;
+            jnp[i] = 0.0;
+            ynp[i] = 1e308;
+        }
+        jn[0] = 1.0;
+        jnp[1] = 0.5;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (x <= 300.0 || n > (int)(0.9*x)) {
+        if (n == 0) nm = 1;
+        m = msta1(x,200);
+        if (m < nm) nm = m;
+        else m = msta2(x,nm,15);
+        bs = 0.0;
+        su = 0.0;
+        sv = 0.0;
+        f2 = 0.0;
+        f1 = 1.0e-100;
+        for (k = m;k>=0;k--) {
+            f = 2.0*(k+1.0)/x*f1 - f2;
+            if (k <= nm) jn[k] = f;
+            if ((k == 2*(int)(k/2)) && (k != 0)) {
+                bs += 2.0*f;
+//                su += pow(-1,k>>1)*f/(double)k;
+                su += (-1)*((k & 2)-1)*f/(P)k;
+            }
+            else if (k > 1) {
+//                sv += pow(-1,k>>1)*k*f/(k*k-1.0);
+                sv += (-1)*((k & 2)-1)*(P)k*f/(k*k-1.0);
+            }
+            f2 = f1;
+            f1 = f;
+        }
+        s0 = bs+f;
+        for (k=0;k<=nm;k++) {
+            jn[k] /= s0;
+        }
+        ec = log(0.5*x) +0.5772156649015329;
+        by0 = M_2_PI*(ec*jn[0]-4.0*su/s0);
+        yn[0] = by0;
+        by1 = M_2_PI*((ec-1.0)*jn[1]-jn[0]/x-4.0*sv/s0);
+        yn[1] = by1;
+    }
+    else {
+        t1 = x-M_PI_4;
+        p0 = 1.0;
+        q0 = -0.125/x;
+        for (k=0;k<4;k++) {
+            p0 += a[k]*pow(x,-2*k-2);
+            q0 += b[k]*pow(x,-2*k-3);
+        }
+        cu = sqrt(M_2_PI/x);
+        bj0 = cu*(p0*cos(t1)-q0*sin(t1));
+        by0 = cu*(p0*sin(t1)+q0*cos(t1));
+        jn[0] = bj0;
+        yn[0] = by0;
+        t2 = x-0.75*M_PI;
+        p1 = 1.0;
+        q1 = 0.375/x;
+        for (k=0;k<4;k++) {
+            p1 += a1[k]*pow(x,-2*k-2);
+            q1 += b1[k]*pow(x,-2*k-3);
+        }
+        bj1 = cu*(p1*cos(t2)-q1*sin(t2));
+        by1 = cu*(p1*sin(t2)+q1*cos(t2));
+        jn[1] = bj1;
+        yn[1] = by1;
+        for (k=2;k<=nm;k++) {
+            bjk = 2.0*(k-1.0)*bj1/x-bj0;
+            jn[k] = bjk;
+            bj0 = bj1;
+            bj1 = bjk;
+        }
+    }
+    jnp[0] = -jn[1];
+    for (k=1;k<=nm;k++) {
+        jnp[k] = jn[k-1]-k*jn[k]/x;
+    }
+    for (k=2;k<=nm;k++) {
+        byk = 2.0*(k-1.0)*by1/x-by0;
+        yn[k] = byk;
+        by0 = by1;
+        by1 = byk;
+    }
+    ynp[0] = -yn[1];
+    for (k=1;k<=nm;k++) {
+        ynp[k] = yn[k-1]-k*yn[k]/x;
+    }
+    return 0;
+
+}
+
+//  The following routine computes Bessel Jv(x) and Yv(x) for
+//  arbitrary positive order (v). For negative order, use:
+//
+//      J-v(x) = Jv(x)cos(v pi) - Yv(x)sin(v pi)
+//      Y-v(x) = Jv(x)sin(v pi) + Yv(x)cos(v pi)
+//
+template<typename P>
+int bessjyv(P v,P x,P &vm,P *jv,P *yv,
+    P *djv,P *dyv)
+{
+    P v0,vl,vg,vv,a,a0,r,x2,bjv0,bjv1,bjvl,f,f0,f1,f2;
+    P r0,r1,ck,cs,cs0,cs1,sk,qx,px,byv0,byv1,rp,xk,rq;
+    P b,ec,w0,w1,bju0,bju1,pv0,pv1,byvk;
+    int j,k,l,m,n,kz;
+
+    x2 = x*x;
+    n = (int)v;
+    v0 = v-n;
+    if ((x < 0.0) || (v < 0.0)) return 1;
+    if (x < 1e-15) {
+        for (k=0;k<=n;k++) {
+            jv[k] = 0.0;
+            yv[k] = -1e308;
+            djv[k] = 0.0;
+            dyv[k] = 1e308;
+            if (v0 == 0.0) {
+                jv[0] = 1.0;
+                djv[1] = 0.5;
+            }
+            else djv[0] = 1e308;
+        }
+        vm = v;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (x <= 12.0) {
+        for (l=0;l<2;l++) {
+            vl = v0 + l;
+            bjvl = 1.0;
+            r = 1.0;
+            for (k=1;k<=40;k++) {
+                r *= -0.25*x2/(k*(k+vl));
+                bjvl += r;
+                if (fabs(r) < fabs(bjvl)*1e-15) break;
+            }
+            vg = 1.0 + vl;
+            a = pow(0.5*x,vl)/gamma(vg);
+            if (l == 0) bjv0 = bjvl*a;
+            else bjv1 = bjvl*a;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        if (x >= 50.0) kz = 8;
+        else if (x >= 35.0) kz = 10;
+        else kz = 11;
+        for (j=0;j<2;j++) {
+            vv = 4.0*(j+v0)*(j+v0);
+            px = 1.0;
+            rp = 1.0;
+            for (k=1;k<=kz;k++) {
+                rp *= (-0.78125e-2)*(vv-pow(4.0*k-3.0,2.0))*
+                    (vv-pow(4.0*k-1.0,2.0))/(k*(2.0*k-1.0)*x2);
+                px += rp;
+            }
+            qx = 1.0;
+            rq = 1.0;
+            for (k=1;k<=kz;k++) {
+                rq *= (-0.78125e-2)*(vv-pow(4.0*k-1.0,2.0))*
+                    (vv-pow(4.0*k+1.0,2.0))/(k*(2.0*k+1.0)*x2);
+                qx += rq;
+            }
+            qx *= 0.125*(vv-1.0)/x;
+            xk = x-(0.5*(j+v0)+0.25)*M_PI;
+            a0 = sqrt(M_2_PI/x);
+            ck = cos(xk);
+            sk = sin(xk);
+
+            if (j == 0) {
+                bjv0 = a0*(px*ck-qx*sk);
+                byv0 = a0*(px*sk+qx*ck);
+            }
+            else if (j == 1) {
+                bjv1 = a0*(px*ck-qx*sk);
+                byv1 = a0*(px*sk+qx*ck);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    jv[0] = bjv0;
+    jv[1] = bjv1;
+    djv[0] = v0*jv[0]/x-jv[1];
+    djv[1] = -(1.0+v0)*jv[1]/x+jv[0];
+    if ((n >= 2) && (n <= (int)(0.9*x))) {
+        f0 = bjv0;
+        f1 = bjv1;
+        for (k=2;k<=n;k++) {
+            f = 2.0*(k+v0-1.0)*f1/x-f0;
+            jv[k] = f;
+            f0 = f1;
+            f1 = f;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (n >= 2) {
+        m = msta1(x,200);
+        if (m < n) n = m;
+        else m = msta2(x,n,15);
+        f2 = 0.0;
+        f1 = 1.0e-100;
+        for (k=m;k>=0;k--) {
+            f = 2.0*(v0+k+1.0)*f1/x-f2;
+            if (k <= n) jv[k] = f;
+            f2 = f1;
+            f1 = f;
+        }
+        if (fabs(bjv0) > fabs(bjv1)) cs = bjv0/f;
+        else cs = bjv1/f2;
+        for (k=0;k<=n;k++) {
+            jv[k] *= cs;
+        }
+    }
+    for (k=2;k<=n;k++) {
+        djv[k] = -(k+v0)*jv[k]/x+jv[k-1];
+    }
+    if (x <= 12.0) {
+        if (v0 != 0.0) {
+            for (l=0;l<2;l++) {
+                vl = v0 +l;
+                bjvl = 1.0;
+                r = 1.0;
+                for (k=1;k<=40;k++) {
+                    r *= -0.25*x2/(k*(k-vl));
+                    bjvl += r;
+                    if (fabs(r) < fabs(bjvl)*1e-15) break;
+                }
+                vg = 1.0-vl;
+                b = pow(2.0/x,vl)/gamma(vg);
+                if (l == 0) bju0 = bjvl*b;
+                else bju1 = bjvl*b;
+            }
+            pv0 = M_PI*v0;
+            pv1 = M_PI*(1.0+v0);
+            byv0 = (bjv0*cos(pv0)-bju0)/sin(pv0);
+            byv1 = (bjv1*cos(pv1)-bju1)/sin(pv1);
+        }
+        else {
+            ec = log(0.5*x)+el;
+            cs0 = 0.0;
+            w0 = 0.0;
+            r0 = 1.0;
+            for (k=1;k<=30;k++) {
+                w0 += 1.0/k;
+                r0 *= -0.25*x2/(k*k);
+                cs0 += r0*w0;
+            }
+            byv0 = M_2_PI*(ec*bjv0-cs0);
+            cs1 = 1.0;
+            w1 = 0.0;
+            r1 = 1.0;
+            for (k=1;k<=30;k++) {
+                w1 += 1.0/k;
+                r1 *= -0.25*x2/(k*(k+1));
+                cs1 += r1*(2.0*w1+1.0/(k+1.0));
+            }
+            byv1 = M_2_PI*(ec*bjv1-1.0/x-0.25*x*cs1);
+        }
+    }
+    yv[0] = byv0;
+    yv[1] = byv1;
+    for (k=2;k<=n;k++) {
+        byvk = 2.0*(v0+k-1.0)*byv1/x-byv0;
+        yv[k] = byvk;
+        byv0 = byv1;
+        byv1 = byvk;
+    }
+    dyv[0] = v0*yv[0]/x-yv[1];
+    for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {
+        dyv[k] = -(k+v0)*yv[k]/x+yv[k-1];
+    }
+    vm = n + v0;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+template<typename P>
+int bessjyv_sph(int v, P z, P &vm, P* cjv,
+    P* cyv, P* cjvp, P* cyvp)
+{
+    //first, compute the bessel functions of fractional order
+    bessjyv(v + 0.5, z, vm, cjv, cyv, cjvp, cyvp);
+
+    //iterate through each and scale
+    for(int n = 0; n<=v; n++)
+    {
+
+        cjv[n] = cjv[n] * sqrt(rtsPI/(z * 2.0));
+        cyv[n] = cyv[n] * sqrt(rtsPI/(z * 2.0));
+
+        cjvp[n] = -1.0 / (z * 2.0) * cjv[n] + cjvp[n] * sqrt(rtsPI / (z * 2.0));
+        cyvp[n] = -1.0 / (z * 2.0) * cyv[n] + cyvp[n] * sqrt(rtsPI / (z * 2.0));
+    }
+
+	return 0;
+
+}
+
+template<typename P>
+int cbessjy01(complex<P> z,complex<P> &cj0,complex<P> &cj1,
+    complex<P> &cy0,complex<P> &cy1,complex<P> &cj0p,
+    complex<P> &cj1p,complex<P> &cy0p,complex<P> &cy1p)
+{
+    complex<P> z1,z2,cr,cp,cs,cp0,cq0,cp1,cq1,ct1,ct2,cu;
+    P a0,w0,w1;
+    int k,kz;
+
+    static P a[] = {
+        -7.03125e-2,
+         0.112152099609375,
+        -0.5725014209747314,
+         6.074042001273483,
+        -1.100171402692467e2,
+         3.038090510922384e3,
+        -1.188384262567832e5,
+         6.252951493434797e6,
+        -4.259392165047669e8,
+         3.646840080706556e10,
+        -3.833534661393944e12,
+         4.854014686852901e14,
+        -7.286857349377656e16,
+         1.279721941975975e19};
+    static P b[] = {
+         7.32421875e-2,
+        -0.2271080017089844,
+         1.727727502584457,
+        -2.438052969955606e1,
+         5.513358961220206e2,
+        -1.825775547429318e4,
+         8.328593040162893e5,
+        -5.006958953198893e7,
+         3.836255180230433e9,
+        -3.649010818849833e11,
+         4.218971570284096e13,
+        -5.827244631566907e15,
+         9.476288099260110e17,
+        -1.792162323051699e20};
+    static P a1[] = {
+         0.1171875,
+        -0.1441955566406250,
+         0.6765925884246826,
+        -6.883914268109947,
+         1.215978918765359e2,
+        -3.302272294480852e3,
+         1.276412726461746e5,
+        -6.656367718817688e6,
+         4.502786003050393e8,
+        -3.833857520742790e10,
+         4.011838599133198e12,
+        -5.060568503314727e14,
+         7.572616461117958e16,
+        -1.326257285320556e19};
+    static P b1[] = {
+        -0.1025390625,
+         0.2775764465332031,
+        -1.993531733751297,
+         2.724882731126854e1,
+        -6.038440767050702e2,
+         1.971837591223663e4,
+        -8.902978767070678e5,
+         5.310411010968522e7,
+        -4.043620325107754e9,
+         3.827011346598605e11,
+        -4.406481417852278e13,
+         6.065091351222699e15,
+        -9.833883876590679e17,
+         1.855045211579828e20};
+
+    a0 = abs(z);
+    z2 = z*z;
+    z1 = z;
+    if (a0 == 0.0) {
+        cj0 = cone;
+        cj1 = czero;
+        cy0 = complex<P>(-1e308,0);
+        cy1 = complex<P>(-1e308,0);
+        cj0p = czero;
+        cj1p = complex<P>(0.5,0.0);
+        cy0p = complex<P>(1e308,0);
+        cy1p = complex<P>(1e308,0);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (real(z) < 0.0) z1 = -z;
+    if (a0 <= 12.0) {
+        cj0 = cone;
+        cr = cone;
+        for (k=1;k<=40;k++) {
+            cr *= -0.25*z2/(P)(k*k);
+            cj0 += cr;
+            if (abs(cr) < abs(cj0)*eps) break;
+        }
+        cj1 = cone;
+        cr = cone;
+        for (k=1;k<=40;k++) {
+            cr *= -0.25*z2/(k*(k+1.0));
+            cj1 += cr;
+            if (abs(cr) < abs(cj1)*eps) break;
+        }
+        cj1 *= 0.5*z1;
+        w0 = 0.0;
+        cr = cone;
+        cs = czero;
+        for (k=1;k<=40;k++) {
+            w0 += 1.0/k;
+            cr *= -0.25*z2/(P)(k*k);
+            cp = cr*w0;
+            cs += cp;
+            if (abs(cp) < abs(cs)*eps) break;
+        }
+        cy0 = M_2_PI*((log(0.5*z1)+el)*cj0-cs);
+        w1 = 0.0;
+        cr = cone;
+        cs = cone;
+        for (k=1;k<=40;k++) {
+            w1 += 1.0/k;
+            cr *= -0.25*z2/(k*(k+1.0));
+            cp = cr*(2.0*w1+1.0/(k+1.0));
+            cs += cp;
+            if (abs(cp) < abs(cs)*eps) break;
+        }
+        cy1 = M_2_PI*((log(0.5*z1)+el)*cj1-1.0/z1-0.25*z1*cs);
+    }
+    else {
+        if (a0 >= 50.0) kz = 8;         // can be changed to 10
+        else if (a0 >= 35.0) kz = 10;   //   "      "     "  12
+        else kz = 12;                   //   "      "     "  14
+        ct1 = z1 - M_PI_4;
+        cp0 = cone;
+        for (k=0;k<kz;k++) {
+            cp0 += a[k]*pow(z1,-2.0*k-2.0);
+        }
+        cq0 = -0.125/z1;
+        for (k=0;k<kz;k++) {
+            cq0 += b[k]*pow(z1,-2.0*k-3.0);
+        }
+        cu = sqrt(M_2_PI/z1);
+        cj0 = cu*(cp0*cos(ct1)-cq0*sin(ct1));
+        cy0 = cu*(cp0*sin(ct1)+cq0*cos(ct1));
+        ct2 = z1 - 0.75*M_PI;
+        cp1 = cone;
+        for (k=0;k<kz;k++) {
+            cp1 += a1[k]*pow(z1,-2.0*k-2.0);
+        }
+        cq1 = 0.375/z1;
+        for (k=0;k<kz;k++) {
+            cq1 += b1[k]*pow(z1,-2.0*k-3.0);
+        }
+        cj1 = cu*(cp1*cos(ct2)-cq1*sin(ct2));
+        cy1 = cu*(cp1*sin(ct2)+cq1*cos(ct2));
+    }
+    if (real(z) < 0.0) {
+        if (imag(z) < 0.0) {
+            cy0 -= 2.0*cii*cj0;
+            cy1 = -(cy1-2.0*cii*cj1);
+        }
+        else if (imag(z) > 0.0) {
+            cy0 += 2.0*cii*cj0;
+            cy1 = -(cy1+2.0*cii*cj1);
+        }
+        cj1 = -cj1;
+    }
+    cj0p = -cj1;
+    cj1p = cj0-cj1/z;
+    cy0p = -cy1;
+    cy1p = cy0-cy1/z;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+template<typename P>
+int cbessjyna(int n,complex<P> z,int &nm,complex<P> *cj,
+    complex<P> *cy,complex<P> *cjp,complex<P> *cyp)
+{
+    complex<P> cbj0,cbj1,cby0,cby1,cj0,cjk,cj1,cf,cf1,cf2;
+    complex<P> cs,cg0,cg1,cyk,cyl1,cyl2,cylk,cp11,cp12,cp21,cp22;
+    complex<P> ch0,ch1,ch2;
+    P a0,yak,ya1,ya0,wa;
+    int m,k,lb,lb0;
+
+    if (n < 0) return 1;
+    a0 = abs(z);
+    nm = n;
+    if (a0 < 1.0e-100) {
+        for (k=0;k<=n;k++) {
+            cj[k] = czero;
+            cy[k] = complex<P> (-1e308,0);
+            cjp[k] = czero;
+            cyp[k] = complex<P>(1e308,0);
+        }
+        cj[0] = cone;
+        cjp[1] = complex<P>(0.5,0.0);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    cbessjy01(z,cj[0],cj[1],cy[0],cy[1],cjp[0],cjp[1],cyp[0],cyp[1]);
+    cbj0 = cj[0];
+    cbj1 = cj[1];
+    cby0 = cy[0];
+    cby1 = cy[1];
+    if (n <= 1) return 0;
+    if (n < (int)0.25*a0) {
+        cj0 = cbj0;
+        cj1 = cbj1;
+        for (k=2;k<=n;k++) {
+            cjk = 2.0*(k-1.0)*cj1/z-cj0;
+            cj[k] = cjk;
+            cj0 = cj1;
+            cj1 = cjk;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        m = msta1(a0,200);
+        if (m < n) nm = m;
+        else m = msta2(a0,n,15);
+        cf2 = czero;
+        cf1 = complex<P> (1.0e-100,0.0);
+        for (k=m;k>=0;k--) {
+            cf = 2.0*(k+1.0)*cf1/z-cf2;
+            if (k <=nm) cj[k] = cf;
+            cf2 = cf1;
+            cf1 = cf;
+        }
+        if (abs(cbj0) > abs(cbj1)) cs = cbj0/cf;
+        else cs = cbj1/cf2;
+        for (k=0;k<=nm;k++) {
+            cj[k] *= cs;
+        }
+    }
+    for (k=2;k<=nm;k++) {
+        cjp[k] = cj[k-1]-(P)k*cj[k]/z;
+    }
+    ya0 = abs(cby0);
+    lb = 0;
+    cg0 = cby0;
+    cg1 = cby1;
+    for (k=2;k<=nm;k++) {
+        cyk = 2.0*(k-1.0)*cg1/z-cg0;
+        yak = abs(cyk);
+        ya1 = abs(cg0);
+        if ((yak < ya0) && (yak < ya1)) lb = k;
+        cy[k] = cyk;
+        cg0 = cg1;
+        cg1 = cyk;
+    }
+    lb0 = 0;
+    if ((lb > 4) && (imag(z) != 0.0)) {
+        while (lb != lb0) {
+            ch2 = cone;
+            ch1 = czero;
+            lb0 = lb;
+            for (k=lb;k>=1;k--) {
+                ch0 = 2.0*k*ch1/z-ch2;
+                ch2 = ch1;
+                ch1 = ch0;
+            }
+            cp12 = ch0;
+            cp22 = ch2;
+            ch2 = czero;
+            ch1 = cone;
+            for (k=lb;k>=1;k--) {
+                ch0 = 2.0*k*ch1/z-ch2;
+                ch2 = ch1;
+                ch1 = ch0;
+            }
+            cp11 = ch0;
+            cp21 = ch2;
+            if (lb == nm)
+                cj[lb+1] = 2.0*lb*cj[lb]/z-cj[lb-1];
+            if (abs(cj[0]) > abs(cj[1])) {
+                cy[lb+1] = (cj[lb+1]*cby0-2.0*cp11/(M_PI*z))/cj[0];
+                cy[lb] = (cj[lb]*cby0+2.0*cp12/(M_PI*z))/cj[0];
+            }
+            else {
+                cy[lb+1] = (cj[lb+1]*cby1-2.0*cp21/(M_PI*z))/cj[1];
+                cy[lb] = (cj[lb]*cby1+2.0*cp22/(M_PI*z))/cj[1];
+            }
+            cyl2 = cy[lb+1];
+            cyl1 = cy[lb];
+            for (k=lb-1;k>=0;k--) {
+                cylk = 2.0*(k+1.0)*cyl1/z-cyl2;
+                cy[k] = cylk;
+                cyl2 = cyl1;
+                cyl1 = cylk;
+            }
+            cyl1 = cy[lb];
+            cyl2 = cy[lb+1];
+            for (k=lb+1;k<n;k++) {
+                cylk = 2.0*k*cyl2/z-cyl1;
+                cy[k+1] = cylk;
+                cyl1 = cyl2;
+                cyl2 = cylk;
+            }
+            for (k=2;k<=nm;k++) {
+                wa = abs(cy[k]);
+                if (wa < abs(cy[k-1])) lb = k;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    for (k=2;k<=nm;k++) {
+        cyp[k] = cy[k-1]-(P)k*cy[k]/z;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+template<typename P>
+int cbessjynb(int n,complex<P> z,int &nm,complex<P> *cj,
+    complex<P> *cy,complex<P> *cjp,complex<P> *cyp)
+{
+    complex<P> cf,cf0,cf1,cf2,cbs,csu,csv,cs0,ce;
+    complex<P> ct1,cp0,cq0,cp1,cq1,cu,cbj0,cby0,cbj1,cby1;
+    complex<P> cyy,cbjk,ct2;
+    P a0,y0;
+    int k,m;
+    static P a[] = {
+        -0.7031250000000000e-1,
+         0.1121520996093750,
+        -0.5725014209747314,
+         6.074042001273483};
+    static P b[] = {
+         0.7324218750000000e-1,
+        -0.2271080017089844,
+         1.727727502584457,
+        -2.438052969955606e1};
+    static P a1[] = {
+         0.1171875,
+        -0.1441955566406250,
+         0.6765925884246826,
+        -6.883914268109947};
+    static P b1[] = {
+       -0.1025390625,
+        0.2775764465332031,
+       -1.993531733751297,
+        2.724882731126854e1};
+
+    y0 = abs(imag(z));
+    a0 = abs(z);
+    nm = n;
+    if (a0 < 1.0e-100) {
+        for (k=0;k<=n;k++) {
+            cj[k] = czero;
+            cy[k] = complex<P> (-1e308,0);
+            cjp[k] = czero;
+            cyp[k] = complex<P>(1e308,0);
+        }
+        cj[0] = cone;
+        cjp[1] = complex<P>(0.5,0.0);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if ((a0 <= 300.0) || (n > (int)(0.25*a0))) {
+        if (n == 0) nm = 1;
+        m = msta1(a0,200);
+        if (m < nm) nm = m;
+        else m = msta2(a0,nm,15);
+        cbs = czero;
+        csu = czero;
+        csv = czero;
+        cf2 = czero;
+        cf1 = complex<P> (1.0e-100,0.0);
+        for (k=m;k>=0;k--) {
+            cf = 2.0*(k+1.0)*cf1/z-cf2;
+            if (k <= nm) cj[k] = cf;
+            if (((k & 1) == 0) && (k != 0)) {
+                if (y0 <= 1.0) {
+                    cbs += 2.0*cf;
+                }
+                else {
+                    cbs += (-1)*((k & 2)-1)*2.0*cf;
+                }
+                csu += (P)((-1)*((k & 2)-1))*cf/(P)k;
+            }
+            else if (k > 1) {
+                csv += (P)((-1)*((k & 2)-1)*k)*cf/(P)(k*k-1.0);
+            }
+            cf2 = cf1;
+            cf1 = cf;
+        }
+        if (y0 <= 1.0) cs0 = cbs+cf;
+        else cs0 = (cbs+cf)/cos(z);
+        for (k=0;k<=nm;k++) {
+            cj[k] /= cs0;
+        }
+        ce = log(0.5*z)+el;
+        cy[0] = M_2_PI*(ce*cj[0]-4.0*csu/cs0);
+        cy[1] = M_2_PI*(-cj[0]/z+(ce-1.0)*cj[1]-4.0*csv/cs0);
+    }
+    else {
+        ct1 = z-M_PI_4;
+        cp0 = cone;
+        for (k=0;k<4;k++) {
+            cp0 += a[k]*pow(z,-2.0*k-2.0);
+        }
+        cq0 = -0.125/z;
+        for (k=0;k<4;k++) {
+            cq0 += b[k] *pow(z,-2.0*k-3.0);
+        }
+        cu = sqrt(M_2_PI/z);
+        cbj0 = cu*(cp0*cos(ct1)-cq0*sin(ct1));
+        cby0 = cu*(cp0*sin(ct1)+cq0*cos(ct1));
+        cj[0] = cbj0;
+        cy[0] = cby0;
+        ct2 = z-0.75*M_PI;
+        cp1 = cone;
+        for (k=0;k<4;k++) {
+            cp1 += a1[k]*pow(z,-2.0*k-2.0);
+        }
+        cq1 = 0.375/z;
+        for (k=0;k<4;k++) {
+            cq1 += b1[k]*pow(z,-2.0*k-3.0);
+        }
+        cbj1 = cu*(cp1*cos(ct2)-cq1*sin(ct2));
+        cby1 = cu*(cp1*sin(ct2)+cq1*cos(ct2));
+        cj[1] = cbj1;
+        cy[1] = cby1;
+        for (k=2;k<=n;k++) {
+            cbjk = 2.0*(k-1.0)*cbj1/z-cbj0;
+            cj[k] = cbjk;
+            cbj0 = cbj1;
+            cbj1 = cbjk;
+        }
+    }
+    cjp[0] = -cj[1];
+    for (k=1;k<=nm;k++) {
+        cjp[k] = cj[k-1]-(P)k*cj[k]/z;
+    }
+    if (abs(cj[0]) > 1.0)
+        cy[1] = (cj[1]*cy[0]-2.0/(M_PI*z))/cj[0];
+    for (k=2;k<=nm;k++) {
+        if (abs(cj[k-1]) >= abs(cj[k-2]))
+            cyy = (cj[k]*cy[k-1]-2.0/(M_PI*z))/cj[k-1];
+        else
+            cyy = (cj[k]*cy[k-2]-4.0*(k-1.0)/(M_PI*z*z))/cj[k-2];
+        cy[k] = cyy;
+    }
+    cyp[0] = -cy[1];
+    for (k=1;k<=nm;k++) {
+        cyp[k] = cy[k-1]-(P)k*cy[k]/z;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+template<typename P>
+int cbessjyva(P v,complex<P> z,P &vm,complex<P>*cjv,
+    complex<P>*cyv,complex<P>*cjvp,complex<P>*cyvp)
+{
+    complex<P> z1,z2,zk,cjvl,cr,ca,cjv0,cjv1,cpz,crp;
+    complex<P> cqz,crq,ca0,cck,csk,cyv0,cyv1,cju0,cju1,cb;
+    complex<P> cs,cs0,cr0,cs1,cr1,cec,cf,cf0,cf1,cf2;
+    complex<P> cfac0,cfac1,cg0,cg1,cyk,cp11,cp12,cp21,cp22;
+    complex<P> ch0,ch1,ch2,cyl1,cyl2,cylk;
+
+    P a0,v0,pv0,pv1,vl,ga,gb,vg,vv,w0,w1,ya0,yak,ya1,wa;
+    int j,n,k,kz,l,lb,lb0,m;
+
+    a0 = abs(z);
+    z1 = z;
+    z2 = z*z;
+    n = (int)v;
+
+
+    v0 = v-n;
+
+    pv0 = M_PI*v0;
+    pv1 = M_PI*(1.0+v0);
+    if (a0 < 1.0e-100) {
+        for (k=0;k<=n;k++) {
+            cjv[k] = czero;
+            cyv[k] = complex<P> (-1e308,0);
+            cjvp[k] = czero;
+            cyvp[k] = complex<P> (1e308,0);
+
+        }
+        if (v0 == 0.0) {
+            cjv[0] = cone;
+            cjvp[1] = complex<P> (0.5,0.0);
+        }
+        else {
+            cjvp[0] = complex<P> (1e308,0);
+        }
+        vm = v;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (real(z1) < 0.0) z1 = -z;
+    if (a0 <= 12.0) {
+        for (l=0;l<2;l++) {
+            vl = v0+l;
+            cjvl = cone;
+            cr = cone;
+            for (k=1;k<=40;k++) {
+                cr *= -0.25*z2/(k*(k+vl));
+                cjvl += cr;
+                if (abs(cr) < abs(cjvl)*eps) break;
+            }
+           vg = 1.0 + vl;
+           ga = gamma(vg);
+           ca = pow(0.5*z1,vl)/ga;
+           if (l == 0) cjv0 = cjvl*ca;
+           else cjv1 = cjvl*ca;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        if (a0 >= 50.0) kz = 8;
+        else if (a0 >= 35.0) kz = 10;
+        else kz = 11;
+        for (j=0;j<2;j++) {
+            vv = 4.0*(j+v0)*(j+v0);
+            cpz = cone;
+            crp = cone;
+            for (k=1;k<=kz;k++) {
+                crp = -0.78125e-2*crp*(vv-pow(4.0*k-3.0,2.0))*
+                    (vv-pow(4.0*k-1.0,2.0))/(k*(2.0*k-1.0)*z2);
+                cpz += crp;
+            }
+            cqz = cone;
+            crq = cone;
+            for (k=1;k<=kz;k++) {
+                crq = -0.78125e-2*crq*(vv-pow(4.0*k-1.0,2.0))*
+                    (vv-pow(4.0*k+1.0,2.0))/(k*(2.0*k+1.0)*z2);
+                cqz += crq;
+            }
+            cqz *= 0.125*(vv-1.0)/z1;
+            zk = z1-(0.5*(j+v0)+0.25)*M_PI;
+            ca0 = sqrt(M_2_PI/z1);
+            cck = cos(zk);
+            csk = sin(zk);
+            if (j == 0) {
+                cjv0 = ca0*(cpz*cck-cqz*csk);
+                cyv0 = ca0*(cpz*csk+cqz+cck);
+            }
+            else {
+                cjv1 = ca0*(cpz*cck-cqz*csk);
+                cyv1 = ca0*(cpz*csk+cqz*cck);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (a0 <= 12.0) {
+        if (v0 != 0.0) {
+            for (l=0;l<2;l++) {
+                vl = v0+l;
+                cjvl = cone;
+                cr = cone;
+                for (k=1;k<=40;k++) {
+                    cr *= -0.25*z2/(k*(k-vl));
+                    cjvl += cr;
+                    if (abs(cr) < abs(cjvl)*eps) break;
+                }
+                vg = 1.0-vl;
+                gb = gamma(vg);
+                cb = pow(2.0/z1,vl)/gb;
+                if (l == 0) cju0 = cjvl*cb;
+                else cju1 = cjvl*cb;
+            }
+            cyv0 = (cjv0*cos(pv0)-cju0)/sin(pv0);
+            cyv1 = (cjv1*cos(pv1)-cju1)/sin(pv1);
+        }
+        else {
+            cec = log(0.5*z1)+el;
+            cs0 = czero;
+            w0 = 0.0;
+            cr0 = cone;
+            for (k=1;k<=30;k++) {
+                w0 += 1.0/k;
+                cr0 *= -0.25*z2/(P)(k*k);
+                cs0 += cr0*w0;
+            }
+            cyv0 = M_2_PI*(cec*cjv0-cs0);
+            cs1 = cone;
+            w1 = 0.0;
+            cr1 = cone;
+            for (k=1;k<=30;k++) {
+                w1 += 1.0/k;
+                cr1 *= -0.25*z2/(k*(k+1.0));
+                cs1 += cr1*(2.0*w1+1.0/(k+1.0));
+            }
+            cyv1 = M_2_PI*(cec*cjv1-1.0/z1-0.25*z1*cs1);
+        }
+    }
+    if (real(z) < 0.0) {
+        cfac0 = exp(pv0*cii);
+        cfac1 = exp(pv1*cii);
+        if (imag(z) < 0.0) {
+            cyv0 = cfac0*cyv0-(P)2.0*(complex<P>)cii*cos(pv0)*cjv0;
+            cyv1 = cfac1*cyv1-(P)2.0*(complex<P>)cii*cos(pv1)*cjv1;
+            cjv0 /= cfac0;
+            cjv1 /= cfac1;
+        }
+        else if (imag(z) > 0.0) {
+            cyv0 = cyv0/cfac0+(P)2.0*(complex<P>)cii*cos(pv0)*cjv0;
+            cyv1 = cyv1/cfac1+(P)2.0*(complex<P>)cii*cos(pv1)*cjv1;
+            cjv0 *= cfac0;
+            cjv1 *= cfac1;
+        }
+    }
+    cjv[0] = cjv0;
+    cjv[1] = cjv1;
+    if ((n >= 2) && (n <= (int)(0.25*a0))) {
+        cf0 = cjv0;
+        cf1 = cjv1;
+        for (k=2;k<= n;k++) {
+            cf = 2.0*(k+v0-1.0)*cf1/z-cf0;
+            cjv[k] = cf;
+            cf0 = cf1;
+            cf1 = cf;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (n >= 2) {
+        m = msta1(a0,200);
+        if (m < n) n = m;
+        else  m = msta2(a0,n,15);
+        cf2 = czero;
+        cf1 = complex<P>(1.0e-100,0.0);
+        for (k=m;k>=0;k--) {
+            cf = 2.0*(v0+k+1.0)*cf1/z-cf2;
+            if (k <= n) cjv[k] = cf;
+            cf2 = cf1;
+            cf1 = cf;
+        }
+        if (abs(cjv0) > abs(cjv1)) cs = cjv0/cf;
+        else cs = cjv1/cf2;
+        for (k=0;k<=n;k++) {
+            cjv[k] *= cs;
+        }
+    }
+    cjvp[0] = v0*cjv[0]/z-cjv[1];
+    for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {
+        cjvp[k] = -(k+v0)*cjv[k]/z+cjv[k-1];
+    }
+    cyv[0] = cyv0;
+    cyv[1] = cyv1;
+    ya0 = abs(cyv0);
+    lb = 0;
+    cg0 = cyv0;
+    cg1 = cyv1;
+    for (k=2;k<=n;k++) {
+        cyk = 2.0*(v0+k-1.0)*cg1/z-cg0;
+        yak = abs(cyk);
+        ya1 = abs(cg0);
+        if ((yak < ya0) && (yak< ya1)) lb = k;
+        cyv[k] = cyk;
+        cg0 = cg1;
+        cg1 = cyk;
+    }
+    lb0 = 0;
+    if ((lb > 4) && (imag(z) != 0.0)) {
+        while(lb != lb0) {
+            ch2 = cone;
+            ch1 = czero;
+            lb0 = lb;
+            for (k=lb;k>=1;k--) {
+                ch0 = 2.0*(k+v0)*ch1/z-ch2;
+                ch2 = ch1;
+                ch1 = ch0;
+            }
+            cp12 = ch0;
+            cp22 = ch2;
+            ch2 = czero;
+            ch1 = cone;
+            for (k=lb;k>=1;k--) {
+                ch0 = 2.0*(k+v0)*ch1/z-ch2;
+                ch2 = ch1;
+                ch1 = ch0;
+            }
+            cp11 = ch0;
+            cp21 = ch2;
+            if (lb == n)
+                cjv[lb+1] = 2.0*(lb+v0)*cjv[lb]/z-cjv[lb-1];
+            if (abs(cjv[0]) > abs(cjv[1])) {
+                cyv[lb+1] = (cjv[lb+1]*cyv0-2.0*cp11/(M_PI*z))/cjv[0];
+                cyv[lb] = (cjv[lb]*cyv0+2.0*cp12/(M_PI*z))/cjv[0];
+            }
+            else {
+                cyv[lb+1] = (cjv[lb+1]*cyv1-2.0*cp21/(M_PI*z))/cjv[1];
+                cyv[lb] = (cjv[lb]*cyv1+2.0*cp22/(M_PI*z))/cjv[1];
+            }
+            cyl2 = cyv[lb+1];
+            cyl1 = cyv[lb];
+            for (k=lb-1;k>=0;k--) {
+                cylk = 2.0*(k+v0+1.0)*cyl1/z-cyl2;
+                cyv[k] = cylk;
+                cyl2 = cyl1;
+                cyl1 = cylk;
+            }
+            cyl1 = cyv[lb];
+            cyl2 = cyv[lb+1];
+            for (k=lb+1;k<n;k++) {
+                cylk = 2.0*(k+v0)*cyl2/z-cyl1;
+                cyv[k+1] = cylk;
+                cyl1 = cyl2;
+                cyl2 = cylk;
+            }
+            for (k=2;k<=n;k++) {
+                wa = abs(cyv[k]);
+                if (wa < abs(cyv[k-1])) lb = k;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    cyvp[0] = v0*cyv[0]/z-cyv[1];
+    for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {
+        cyvp[k] = cyv[k-1]-(k+v0)*cyv[k]/z;
+    }
+    vm = n+v0;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+template<typename P>
+int cbessjyva_sph(int v,complex<P> z,P &vm,complex<P>*cjv,
+    complex<P>*cyv,complex<P>*cjvp,complex<P>*cyvp)
+{
+    //first, compute the bessel functions of fractional order
+    cbessjyva<P>(v + 0.5, z, vm, cjv, cyv, cjvp, cyvp);
+
+    //iterate through each and scale
+    for(int n = 0; n<=v; n++)
+    {
+
+        cjv[n] = cjv[n] * sqrt(rtsPI/(z * 2.0));
+        cyv[n] = cyv[n] * sqrt(rtsPI/(z * 2.0));
+
+        cjvp[n] = -1.0 / (z * 2.0) * cjv[n] + cjvp[n] * sqrt(rtsPI / (z * 2.0));
+        cyvp[n] = -1.0 / (z * 2.0) * cyv[n] + cyvp[n] * sqrt(rtsPI / (z * 2.0));
+    }
+
+	return 0;
+
+}
+
+}	//end namespace rts
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/math/complex.h b/stim/math/complex.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84ba67e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/math/complex.h
@@ -0,0 +1,505 @@
+/*RTS Complex number class.  This class is CUDA compatible,
+and can therefore be used in CUDA code and on CUDA devices.
+*/
+
+#ifndef RTS_COMPLEX
+#define RTS_COMPLEX
+
+#include "../cuda/callable.h"
+#include <cmath>
+#include <string>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace stim
+{
+
+template <class T>
+struct complex
+{
+    T r, i;
+
+    //default constructor
+    CUDA_CALLABLE complex()
+    {
+        r = 0;
+	   i = 0;
+    }
+
+    //constructor when given real and imaginary values
+    CUDA_CALLABLE complex(T r, T i = 0)
+    {
+        this->r = r;
+        this->i = i;
+    }
+
+	//access methods
+	CUDA_CALLABLE T real()
+	{
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE T real(T r_val)
+	{
+		r = r_val;
+		return r_val;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE T imag()
+	{
+		return i;
+	}
+	CUDA_CALLABLE T imag(T i_val)
+	{
+		i = i_val;
+		return i_val;
+	}
+
+    
+
+    //return the current value multiplied by i
+    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> imul()
+    {
+        complex<T> result;
+        result.r = -i;
+        result.i = r;
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    //returns the complex signum (-1, 0, 1)
+    CUDA_CALLABLE int sgn(){
+        if(r > 0) return 1;
+        else if(r < 0) return -1;
+        else return (0 < i - i < 0);
+    }
+
+	//ARITHMETIC OPERATORS--------------------
+
+    //binary + operator (returns the result of adding two complex values)
+    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator+ (const complex<T> rhs) const
+    {
+        complex<T> result;
+        result.r = r + rhs.r;
+        result.i = i + rhs.i;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator+ (const T rhs) const
+    {
+        complex<T> result;
+        result.r = r + rhs;
+        result.i = i;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    //binary - operator (returns the result of adding two complex values)
+    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator- (const complex<T> rhs) const
+    {
+        complex<T> result;
+        result.r = r - rhs.r;
+        result.i = i - rhs.i;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    //binary - operator (returns the result of adding two complex values)
+    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator- (const T rhs)
+    {
+        complex<T> result;
+        result.r = r - rhs;
+        result.i = i;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    //binary MULTIPLICATION operators (returns the result of multiplying complex values)
+    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator* (const complex<T> rhs) const
+    {
+        complex<T> result;
+        result.r = r * rhs.r - i * rhs.i;
+        result.i = r * rhs.i + i * rhs.r;
+        return result;
+    }
+    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator* (const T rhs)
+    {
+        return complex<T>(r * rhs, i * rhs);
+    }
+
+    //binary DIVISION operators (returns the result of dividing complex values)
+    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator/ (const complex<T> rhs) const
+    {
+        complex<T> result;
+        T denom = rhs.r * rhs.r + rhs.i * rhs.i;
+        result.r = (r * rhs.r + i * rhs.i) / denom;
+        result.i = (- r * rhs.i + i * rhs.r) / denom;
+
+        return result;
+    }
+    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator/ (const T rhs)
+    {
+        return complex<T>(r / rhs, i / rhs);
+    }
+
+    //ASSIGNMENT operators-----------------------------------
+    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> & operator=(const complex<T> &rhs)
+    {
+        //check for self-assignment
+        if(this != &rhs)
+        {
+            this->r = rhs.r;
+            this->i = rhs.i;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> & operator=(const T &rhs)
+    {
+        	this->r = rhs;
+        	this->i = 0;
+
+		return *this;
+    }
+
+    //arithmetic assignment operators
+    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator+=(const complex<T> &rhs)
+    {
+		*this = *this + rhs;
+        	return *this;
+    }
+    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator+=(const T &rhs)
+    {
+		*this = *this + rhs;
+        	return *this;
+    }
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator-=(const complex<T> &rhs)
+    {
+		*this = *this - rhs;
+        	return *this;
+    }
+    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator-=(const T &rhs)
+    {
+		*this = *this - rhs;
+        	return *this;
+    }
+
+    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator*=(const complex<T> &rhs)
+    {
+		*this = *this * rhs;
+        	return *this;
+    }
+	CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator*=(const T &rhs)
+    {
+		*this = *this * rhs;
+        	return *this;
+    }
+	//divide and assign
+	CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator/=(const complex<T> &rhs)
+    {
+		*this = *this / rhs;
+        	return *this;
+    }
+    CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> operator/=(const T &rhs)
+    {
+		*this = *this / rhs;
+        	return *this;
+    }
+
+    //absolute value operator (returns the absolute value of the complex number)
+	CUDA_CALLABLE T abs()
+	{
+		return std::sqrt(r * r + i * i);
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> log()
+	{
+		complex<T> result;
+		result.r = (T)std::log(std::sqrt(r * r + i * i));
+		result.i = (T)std::atan2(i, r);
+
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> exp()
+	{
+		complex<T> result;
+
+		T e_r = std::exp(r);
+		result.r = e_r * (T)std::cos(i);
+		result.i = e_r * (T)std::sin(i);
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	/*CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> pow(int y)
+	{
+
+        return pow((double)y);
+	}*/
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> pow(T y)
+	{
+		complex<T> result;
+
+		result = log() * y;
+
+		return result.exp();
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE complex<T> sqrt()
+	{
+		complex<T> result;
+
+		//convert to polar coordinates
+		T a = std::sqrt(r*r + i*i);
+		T theta = std::atan2(i, r);
+
+		//find the square root
+		T a_p = std::sqrt(a);
+		T theta_p = theta/2.0f;
+
+		//convert back to cartesian coordinates
+		result.r = a_p * std::cos(theta_p);
+		result.i = a_p * std::sin(theta_p);
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	std::string str()
+	{
+		std::stringstream ss;
+		ss<<"("<<r<<","<<i<<")";
+
+		return ss.str();
+	}
+
+	//COMPARISON operators
+	CUDA_CALLABLE bool operator==(complex<T> rhs)
+	{
+        if(r == rhs.r && i == rhs.i)
+            return true;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    CUDA_CALLABLE bool operator==(T rhs)
+	{
+        if(r == rhs && i == 0)
+            return true;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    CUDA_CALLABLE bool operator!=(T rhs)
+    {
+        if(r != rhs || i != 0)
+            return true;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    CUDA_CALLABLE bool operator<(complex<T> rhs){
+    	return abs() < rhs.abs();
+    }
+    CUDA_CALLABLE bool operator<=(complex<T> rhs){
+    	return abs() <= rhs.abs();
+    }
+    CUDA_CALLABLE bool operator>(complex<T> rhs){
+    	return abs() > rhs.abs();
+    }
+    CUDA_CALLABLE bool operator >=(complex<T> rhs){
+    	return abs() >= rhs.abs();
+    }
+
+	//CASTING operators
+	template < typename otherT >
+	operator complex<otherT>()
+	{
+		complex<otherT> result((otherT)r, (otherT)i);
+		return result;
+	}
+	template< typename otherT >
+	complex( const complex<otherT> &rhs)
+	{
+		r = (T)rhs.r;
+		i = (T)rhs.i;
+	}
+	template< typename otherT >
+	complex& operator=(const complex<otherT> &rhs)
+	{
+		r = (T)rhs.r;
+		i = (T)rhs.i;
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+};
+
+}	//end RTS namespace
+
+//addition
+template<typename T>
+CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<T> operator+(const double a, const stim::complex<T> b)
+{
+    return stim::complex<T>((T)a + b.r, b.i);
+}
+
+//subtraction with a real value
+template<typename T>
+CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<T> operator-(const double a, const stim::complex<T> b)
+{
+    return stim::complex<T>((T)a - b.r, -b.i);
+}
+
+//minus sign
+template<typename T>
+CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<T> operator-(const stim::complex<T> &rhs)
+{
+    return stim::complex<T>(-rhs.r, -rhs.i);
+}
+
+//multiply a T value by a complex value
+template<typename T>
+CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<T> operator*(const double a, const stim::complex<T> b)
+{
+    return stim::complex<T>((T)a * b.r, (T)a * b.i);
+}
+
+//divide a T value by a complex value
+template<typename T>
+CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<T> operator/(const double a, const stim::complex<T> b)
+{
+    stim::complex<T> result;
+
+    T denom = b.r * b.r + b.i * b.i;
+
+    result.r = ((T)a * b.r) / denom;
+    result.i = -((T)a * b.i) / denom;
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+template<typename T>
+CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<T> pow(stim::complex<T> x, T y)
+{
+	return x.pow(y);
+}
+template<typename T>
+CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<T> pow(stim::complex<T> x, int y)
+{
+	return x.pow(y);
+}
+
+//log function
+template<typename T>
+CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<T> log(stim::complex<T> x)
+{
+	return x.log();
+}
+
+//exp function
+template<typename T>
+CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<T> exp(stim::complex<T> x)
+{
+	return x.exp();
+}
+
+//sqrt function
+template<typename T>
+CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<T> sqrt(stim::complex<T> x)
+{
+	return x.sqrt();
+}
+
+
+template <typename T>
+CUDA_CALLABLE static T abs(stim::complex<T> a)
+{
+    return a.abs();
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+CUDA_CALLABLE static T real(stim::complex<T> a)
+{
+    return a.r;
+}
+
+//template <typename T>
+CUDA_CALLABLE static float real(float a)
+{
+    return a;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+CUDA_CALLABLE static T imag(stim::complex<T> a)
+{
+    return a.i;
+}
+
+//trigonometric functions
+//template<class A>
+/*CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<float> sinf(const stim::complex<float> x)
+{
+	stim::complex<float> result;
+	result.r = sinf(x.r) * coshf(x.i);
+	result.i = cosf(x.r) * sinhf(x.i);
+
+	return result;
+}*/
+
+template<class A>
+CUDA_CALLABLE stim::complex<A> sin(const stim::complex<A> x)
+{
+	stim::complex<A> result;
+	result.r = (A)std::sin(x.r) * (A)std::cosh(x.i);
+	result.i = (A)std::cos(x.r) * (A)std::sinh(x.i);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+//floating point template
+//template<class A>
+/*CUDA_CALLABLE static stim::complex<float> cosf(const stim::complex<float> x)
+{
+	stim::complex<float> result;
+	result.r = cosf(x.r) * coshf(x.i);
+	result.i = -(sinf(x.r) * sinhf(x.i));
+
+	return result;
+}*/
+
+template<class A>
+CUDA_CALLABLE stim::complex<A> cos(const stim::complex<A> x)
+{
+	stim::complex<A> result;
+	result.r = (A)std::cos(x.r) * (A)std::cosh(x.i);
+	result.i = -((A)std::sin(x.r) * (A)std::sinh(x.i));
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+
+template<class A>
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, stim::complex<A> x)
+{
+    os<<x.str();
+    return os;
+}
+
+template<class A>
+std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, stim::complex<A>& x)
+{
+    A r, i;
+	r = i = 0;		//initialize the real and imaginary parts to zero
+    is>>r;			//parse
+    is>>i;
+
+    x.real(r);		//assign the parsed values to x
+    x.imag(i);
+
+    return is;		//return the stream
+}
+
+//#if __GNUC__ > 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ > 7
+//template<class T> using rtsComplex = stim::complex<T>;
+//#endif
+
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/math/complexfield.cuh b/stim/math/complexfield.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81488cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/math/complexfield.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#ifndef	RTS_COMPLEXFIELD_H
+#define RTS_COMPLEXFIELD_H
+
+#include "cublas_v2.h"
+#include <cuda_runtime.h>
+
+#include "../math/field.cuh"
+#include "../math/complex.h"
+#include "../math/realfield.cuh"
+
+namespace stim{
+
+template<typename T>
+__global__ void gpu_complexfield_mag(T* dest, complex<T>* source, unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1){
+
+	int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+	int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
+
+	//make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
+	if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
+
+	//compute the index into the field
+	int i = iv*r0 + iu;
+
+	//calculate and store the result
+	dest[i] = source[i].abs();
+}
+
+/*This class stores functions for saving images of complex fields
+*/
+template<typename T, unsigned int D = 1>
+class complexfield : public field< stim::complex<T>, D >{
+	using field< stim::complex<T>, D >::R;
+	using field< stim::complex<T>, D >::X;
+	using field< stim::complex<T>, D >::shape;
+	using field< stim::complex<T>, D >::cuda_params;
+
+	
+
+public:
+
+	//find the maximum value of component n
+	stim::complex<T> find_max(unsigned int n){
+		cublasStatus_t stat;
+		cublasHandle_t handle;
+
+		//create a CUBLAS handle
+		stat = cublasCreate(&handle);
+		if(stat != CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS){
+			std::cout<<"CUBLAS Error: initialization failed"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		int L = R[0] * R[1];    //compute the number of discrete points in a slice
+		int index;				//result of the max operation
+		stim::complex<T> result;
+
+		if(sizeof(T) == 8)
+			stat = cublasIcamax(handle, L, (const cuComplex*)X[n], 1, &index);
+		else
+			stat = cublasIzamax(handle, L, (const cuDoubleComplex*)X[n], 1, &index);
+
+		index -= 1;        //adjust for 1-based indexing
+
+		//if there was a GPU error, terminate
+		if(stat != CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS){
+			std::cout<<"CUBLAS Error: failure finding maximum value."<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		//retrieve the maximum value for this slice and store it in the maxVal array
+		std::cout<<X[n]<<std::endl;
+		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(&result, X[n] + index, sizeof(stim::complex<T>), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost));
+		return result;
+	}
+
+public:
+
+	enum attribute {magnitude, real, imaginary};
+
+	//constructor (no parameters)
+	complexfield() : field<stim::complex<T>, D>(){};
+
+	//constructor (resolution specified)
+	complexfield(unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1) : field<stim::complex<T>, D>(r0, r1){};
+
+	//assignment from a field of complex values
+	complexfield & operator=(const field< stim::complex<T>, D > rhs){
+		field< complex<T>, D >::operator=(rhs);
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	//assignment operator (scalar value)
+	complexfield & operator= (const complex<T> rhs){
+
+		field< complex<T>, D >::operator=(rhs);
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	//assignment operator (vector value)
+	complexfield & operator= (const vec< complex<T>, D > rhs){
+
+		field< complex<T>, D >::operator=(rhs);
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	//cropping
+	complexfield crop(unsigned int width, unsigned int height){
+
+		complexfield<T, D> result;
+		result = field< complex<T>, D>::crop(width, height);
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	void toImage(std::string filename, attribute type = magnitude, unsigned int n=0){
+
+		field<T, 1> rf(R[0], R[1]);
+
+		//get cuda parameters
+		dim3 blocks, grids;
+		cuda_params(grids, blocks);
+
+		if(type == magnitude){
+			gpu_complexfield_mag <<<grids, blocks>>> (rf.ptr(), X[n], R[0], R[1]);
+			rf.toImage(filename, n, true);
+		}
+
+	}
+
+
+};
+
+
+}	//end namespace rts
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/math/constants.h b/stim/math/constants.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d333887
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/math/constants.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#ifndef RTS_CONSTANTS_H
+#define RTS_CONSTANTS_H
+
+#define stimPI 	3.14159
+#define stimTAU	2 * rtsPI
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/math/field.cuh b/stim/math/field.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a3a2ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/math/field.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+#ifndef RTS_FIELD_CUH
+#define RTS_FIELD_CUH
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include "cublas_v2.h"
+#include <cuda_runtime.h>
+
+#include "../math/rect.h"
+#include "../cuda/threads.h"
+#include "../cuda/error.h"
+#include "../cuda/devices.h"
+#include "../visualization/colormap.h"
+
+
+namespace stim{
+
+//multiply R = X * Y
+template<typename T>
+__global__ void gpu_field_multiply(T* R, T* X, T* Y, unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1){
+
+	int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+    int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
+
+    //make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
+    if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
+
+    //compute the index into the field
+    int i = iv*r0 + iu;
+
+    //calculate and store the result
+    R[i] = X[i] * Y[i];
+}
+
+//assign a constant value to all points
+template<typename T>
+__global__ void gpu_field_assign(T* ptr, T val, unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1){
+
+	int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+	int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
+
+	//make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
+	if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
+
+	//compute the index into the field
+	int i = iv*r0 + iu;
+
+	//calculate and store the result
+	ptr[i] = val;
+}
+
+//crop the field to the new dimensions (width x height)
+template<typename T>
+__global__ void gpu_field_crop(T* dest, T* source, 
+								unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1, 
+								unsigned int width, unsigned int height){
+
+	int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+    int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
+
+    //make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
+    if(iu >= width || iv >= height) return;
+
+    //compute the index into the field
+    int is = iv*r0 + iu;
+    int id = iv*width + iu;
+
+    //calculate and store the result
+    dest[id] = source[is];
+}
+
+template<typename T, unsigned int D = 1>
+class field{
+
+protected:
+
+	T* X[D];			//pointer to the field data
+	unsigned int R[2];	//field resolution
+	stim::rect<T> shape;		//position and shape of the field slice
+
+	//calculates the optimal block and grid sizes using information from the GPU
+	void cuda_params(dim3& grids, dim3& blocks){
+		int maxThreads = stim::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
+		int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
+
+		//create one thread for each detector pixel
+		blocks = dim3(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
+		grids = dim3((R[0] + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (R[1] + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
+	}
+
+	//find the maximum value of component n
+	T find_max(unsigned int n){
+		cublasStatus_t stat;
+		cublasHandle_t handle;
+
+		//create a CUBLAS handle
+		stat = cublasCreate(&handle);
+		if(stat != CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS){
+			std::cout<<"CUBLAS Error: initialization failed"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		int L = R[0] * R[1];    //compute the number of discrete points in a slice
+		int index;				//result of the max operation
+		T result;
+
+		if(sizeof(T) == 4)
+			stat = cublasIsamax(handle, L, (const float*)X[n], 1, &index);
+		else
+			stat = cublasIdamax(handle, L, (const double*)X[n], 1, &index);
+
+		index -= 1;        //adjust for 1-based indexing
+
+		//if there was a GPU error, terminate
+		if(stat != CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS){
+			std::cout<<"CUBLAS Error: failure finding maximum value."<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		//retrieve the maximum value for this slice and store it in the maxVal array
+		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(&result, X[n] + index, sizeof(T), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost));
+		return result;
+	}
+
+public:
+
+	//returns a list of file names given an input string with wild cards
+	std::vector<std::string> process_filename(std::string name){
+		std::stringstream ss(name);
+		std::string item;
+		std::vector<std::string> elems;
+		while(std::getline(ss, item, '.'))      //split the string at the '.' character (filename and extension)
+		{
+		    elems.push_back(item);
+		}
+
+		std::string prefix = elems[0];                      //prefix contains the filename (with wildcard '?' characters)
+		std::string ext = elems[1];                         //file extension (ex. .bmp, .png)
+		ext = std::string(".") + ext;           //add a period back into the extension
+
+		size_t i0 = prefix.find_first_of("?");  //find the positions of the first and last wildcard ('?'')
+		size_t i1 = prefix.find_last_of("?");
+
+		std::string postfix = prefix.substr(i1+1);
+		prefix = prefix.substr(0, i0);
+
+		unsigned int digits = i1 - i0 + 1;                   //compute the number of wildcards
+
+		std::vector<std::string> flist;			//create a vector of file names
+		//fill the list
+		for(unsigned int d=0; d<D; d++){
+			std::stringstream ss;            //assemble the file name
+			ss<<prefix<<std::setfill('0')<<std::setw(digits)<<d<<postfix<<ext;
+			flist.push_back(ss.str());
+		}
+
+		return flist;
+	}
+
+	void init(){
+		for(unsigned int n=0; n<D; n++)
+			X[n] = NULL;
+	}
+	void destroy(){
+		for(unsigned int n=0; n<D; n++)
+			if(X[n] != NULL)
+				HANDLE_ERROR(cudaFree(X[n]));
+	}
+
+public:
+	//field constructor
+	field(){
+		R[0] = R[1] = 0;
+		init();
+	}
+
+	field(unsigned int x, unsigned int y){
+        //set the resolution
+        R[0] = x;
+        R[1] = y;
+		//allocate memory on the GPU
+		for(unsigned int n=0; n<D; n++){
+			HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc( (void**)&X[n], sizeof(T) * R[0] * R[1] ));
+		}
+		clear();		//zero the field
+    }
+
+    ///copy constructor
+	field(const field &rhs){
+		//first make a shallow copy
+		R[0] = rhs.R[0];
+		R[1] = rhs.R[1];
+
+		for(unsigned int n=0; n<D; n++){
+			//do we have to make a deep copy?
+			if(rhs.X[n] == NULL)
+				X[n] = NULL;		//no
+			else{
+				//allocate the necessary memory
+				HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc(&X[n], sizeof(T) * R[0] * R[1]));
+
+				//copy the slice
+				HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(X[n], rhs.X[n], sizeof(T) * R[0] * R[1], cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	~field(){
+		destroy();
+    }
+
+    //assignment operator
+	field & operator= (const field & rhs){
+
+        //de-allocate any existing GPU memory
+        destroy();
+
+        //copy the slice resolution
+        R[0] = rhs.R[0];
+        R[1] = rhs.R[1];
+
+		for(unsigned int n=0; n<D; n++)
+		{
+			//allocate the necessary memory
+			HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc(&X[n], sizeof(T) * R[0] * R[1]));
+			//copy the slice
+			HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(X[n], rhs.X[n], sizeof(T) * R[0] * R[1], cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice));
+		}
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    field & operator= (const T rhs){
+
+    	int maxThreads = stim::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
+        int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
+
+        //create one thread for each detector pixel
+        dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
+        dim3 dimGrid((R[0] + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (R[1] + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
+
+        //assign the constant value to all positions and dimensions
+        for(int n=0; n<D; n++)
+        	stim::gpu_field_assign <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (X[n], rhs, R[0], R[1]);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //assignment of vector component
+    field & operator= (const vec<T, D> rhs){
+
+    	int maxThreads = stim::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
+        int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
+
+        //create one thread for each detector pixel
+        dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
+        dim3 dimGrid((R[0] + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (R[1] + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
+
+        //assign the constant value to all positions and dimensions
+        for(unsigned int n=0; n<D; n++)
+        	stim::gpu_field_assign <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (X[n], rhs.v[n], R[0], R[1]);
+
+        return *this;
+
+    }
+
+    //multiply two fields (element-wise multiplication)
+    field<T, D> operator* (const field & rhs){
+
+    	int maxThreads = stim::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
+        int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
+
+        //create one thread for each detector pixel
+        dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
+        dim3 dimGrid((R[0] + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (R[1] + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
+
+        //create a scalar field to store the result
+        field<T, D> result(R[0], R[1]);
+
+        for(int n=0; n<D; n++)
+        	stim::gpu_field_multiply <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (result.X[n], X[n], rhs.X[n], R[0], R[1]);
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+	T* ptr(unsigned int n = 0){
+		if(n < D)
+			return X[n];
+		else return NULL;
+	}
+
+	//return the vector component at position (u, v)
+	vec<T, D> get(unsigned int u, unsigned int v){
+
+		vec<T, D> result;
+		for(unsigned int d=0; d<D; d++){
+			HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(&result[d], X[d] + v*R[0] + u, sizeof(T), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost));
+		}
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	//set all components of the field to zero
+	void clear(){
+		for(unsigned int n=0; n<D; n++)
+			if(X[n] != NULL)
+				HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemset(X[n], 0, sizeof(T) * R[0] * R[1]));
+    }
+
+    //crop the field
+    field<T, D> crop(unsigned int width, unsigned int height){
+    	int maxThreads = stim::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
+        int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
+
+        //create one thread for each detector pixel
+        dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
+        dim3 dimGrid((width + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (height + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
+
+        //create a scalar field to store the result
+        field<T, D> result(width, height);
+
+        for(int n=0; n<D; n++)
+        	stim::gpu_field_crop <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (result.X[n], X[n], R[0], R[1], width, height);
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    //save an image representing component n
+    void toImage(std::string filename, unsigned int n = 0,
+    			 bool positive = false, stim::colormapType cmap = stim::cmBrewer){
+    	T max_val = find_max(n);	//find the maximum value
+
+    	if(positive)				//if the field is positive, use the range [0 max_val]
+    		stim::gpu2image<T>(X[n], filename, R[0], R[1], 0, max_val, cmap);
+    	else
+    		stim::gpu2image<T>(X[n], filename, R[0], R[1], -max_val, max_val, cmap);
+    }
+
+};
+
+}		//end namespace rts
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/math/function.h b/stim/math/function.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..033337d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/math/function.h
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+#ifndef RTS_FUNCTION_H
+#define RTS_FUNCTION_H
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace stim{
+
+//template class for a one-dimensional function
+template <class Tx, class Ty>
+class function
+{
+protected:
+
+	std::vector<Tx> X;
+	std::vector<Ty> Y;
+	Ty range[2];
+	Ty bounding[2];
+
+	//comparison function for searching lambda
+	static bool findCeiling(Tx ax, Tx bx){
+	    return (ax > bx);
+	}
+
+	//process a string to extract a function (generally delimited by tabs, commas, spaces, etc.)
+	void process_string(std::string s){
+		std::stringstream ss(s);
+
+		Tx x;
+		Ty y;
+		std::string line;
+
+		while(!ss.eof()){
+			
+			std::getline(ss, line);
+			if(line[0] == '#') continue;
+
+			std::stringstream lstream(line);
+
+			lstream>>x;			//read the x value
+			lstream>>y;			//read the y value
+
+			if(ss.eof()) break;
+			insert(x, y);			//insert the read value into the function
+		}	
+	}
+
+	void update_range(Ty y){
+		//if the function is empty, just set the range to the given value
+		if(X.size() == 0){
+			range[0] = range[1] = y;
+		}
+
+		//otherwise compare the values and set them appropriately
+		if(y < range[0]) range[0] = y;
+		if(y > range[1]) range[1] = y;
+	}
+
+
+public:
+	function(){
+		range[0] = range[1] = 0;
+		bounding[0] = bounding[1] = 0;
+	}
+
+	//linear interpolation
+	Ty linear(Tx x) const
+	{
+		if(X.size() == 0)	return bounding[0];	//return zero if the function is empty
+		//return bounding values if x is outside the sample domain
+		if(x < X[0]) return bounding[0];
+		if(x > X.back()) return bounding[1];
+
+		unsigned int N = X.size();			//number of sample points
+
+		//declare an iterator
+		typedef typename std::vector< Tx >::iterator f_iter;	//declare an iterator
+		f_iter it;
+
+		//find the first X-coordinate that is greater than x
+		unsigned int i;
+		for(i = 0; i<N; i++){
+			if(X[i] > x)
+				break;
+		}
+		//i currently holds the ceiling
+
+		//if the wavelength is past the end of the list, return the last sample point
+		if(i == N) return Y.back();
+		//if the wavelength is before the beginning of the list, return the front
+		else if(i == 0) return Y[0];
+		//otherwise interpolate
+		else{
+		    Tx xMax = X[i];
+		    Tx xMin = X[i-1];
+
+		    Tx a = (x - xMin) / (xMax - xMin);
+		    Ty riMin = Y[i - 1];
+		    Ty riMax = Y[i];
+		    Ty interp = riMax * a + riMin * (1 - a);
+		    return interp;
+		}
+	}
+
+	///add a data point to a function
+	void insert(Tx x, Ty y)
+	{
+		unsigned int N = X.size();		//number of sample points
+
+		update_range(y);			//update the range of the function
+
+		if(N == 0 || X[N-1] < x){
+			X.push_back(x);
+			Y.push_back(y);
+			return;
+		}
+
+		//declare an iterator and search for the x value
+        typename std::vector< Tx >::iterator it;		
+        it = search(X.begin(), X.end(), &x, &x + 1, &function<Tx, Ty>::findCeiling);
+
+        //if the function value is past the end of the vector, add it to the back
+        if(*it == N){
+        	X.push_back(x);
+        	Y.push_back(y);
+        }
+        //otherwise add the value at the iterator position
+        else{
+			X.insert(it, x);
+			Y.insert(Y.begin() + *it, y);
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	Tx getX(unsigned int i) const{
+		return X[i];
+	}
+
+	Ty getY(unsigned int i) const{
+		return Y[i];
+	}
+
+	///get the number of data points in the function
+	unsigned int getN() const{
+		return X.size();
+	}
+
+	//look up an indexed component
+	Ty operator[](int i) const{
+		if(i <= X.size()){
+			std::cout<<"ERROR: accessing non-existing sample point in 'function'"<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		return Y[i];
+	}
+
+	///linear interpolation
+	Tx operator()(Tx x) const{
+		return linear(x);
+	}
+
+	//add a constant to the function
+	function<Tx, Ty> operator+(Ty r) const{
+
+		function<Tx, Ty> result;
+
+		//if there are points in the function
+		if(X.size() > 0){
+			//add r to every point in f
+			for(unsigned int i=0; i<X.size(); i++){
+				result.X.push_back(X[i]);
+				result.Y.push_back(Y[i] + r);
+			}
+		}
+		else{
+			result = r;
+		}
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	function<Tx, Ty> & operator= (const Ty & rhs){		
+		X.clear();
+		Y.clear();
+		bounding[0] = bounding[1] = rhs;	//set the boundary values to rhs
+		if(rhs != 0)						//if the RHS is zero, just clear, otherwise add one value of RHS
+			insert(0, rhs);
+
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	//output a string description of the function (used for console output and debugging)
+	std::string str(){
+		unsigned int N = X.size();
+
+		std::stringstream ss;
+		ss<<"# of samples: "<<N<<std::endl;
+
+		if(N == 0) return ss.str();
+
+		ss<<"domain: ["<<X[0]<<", "<<X[X.size()-1]<<"]"<<std::endl;
+		ss<<"range: ["<<range[0]<<", "<<range[1]<<"]"<<std::endl;
+
+
+		return ss.str();
+
+	}
+	std::string str_vals(){
+		std::stringstream ss;
+
+		unsigned int N = X.size();		//number of sample points
+		//output each function value
+		for(unsigned int i = 0; i<N; i++){
+			if(i != 0) ss<<std::endl;
+			ss<<X[i]<<", "<<Y[i];
+		}
+
+		return ss.str();
+
+	}
+
+	void load(std::string filename){
+		std::ifstream t(filename.c_str());
+		std::string str((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(t)),
+		std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
+
+		process_string(str);
+	}
+
+
+};
+
+}	//end namespace rts
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/math/legendre.h b/stim/math/legendre.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4859740
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/math/legendre.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#ifndef RTS_LEGENDRE_H
+#define RTS_LEGENDRE_H
+
+#include "rts/cuda/callable.h"
+
+namespace stim{
+
+template <typename T>
+CUDA_CALLABLE void init_legendre(T x, T& P0, T& P1)
+{
+	//compute the first two Legendre polynomials
+	P0 = 1;
+	P1 = x;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+CUDA_CALLABLE void shift_legendre(int n, T x, T& P0, T& P1)
+{
+	//compute the next (order n) Legendre polynomial
+	T Pnew = ( (2 * n - 1) * x * P1 - (n-1) * P0 ) / n;
+
+	//shift and add the new value to the array
+	P0 = P1;
+	P1 = Pnew;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+CUDA_CALLABLE void legendre(int n, T x, T* P)
+{
+    P[0] = 1;
+
+    if(n >= 1)
+        P[1] = x;
+
+    for(int i=2; i<=n; i++)
+    {
+        P[i] = ( (2 * i - 1) * x * P[i-1] - (i-1) * P[i-2] ) / i;
+    }
+
+}
+
+}
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/math/matrix.h b/stim/math/matrix.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c039e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/math/matrix.h
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#ifndef RTS_MATRIX_H
+#define RTS_MATRIX_H
+
+//#include "rts/vector.h"
+#include <string.h>
+#include <iostream>
+#include "vector.h"
+#include "../cuda/callable.h"
+
+namespace stim{
+
+template <class T, int N>
+struct matrix
+{
+	//the matrix will be stored in column-major order (compatible with OpenGL)
+	T M[N*N];
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE matrix()
+	{
+		for(int r=0; r<N; r++)
+			for(int c=0; c<N; c++)
+				if(r == c)
+					(*this)(r, c) = 1;
+				else
+					(*this)(r, c) = 0;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE T& operator()(int row, int col)
+	{
+		return M[col * N + row];
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE matrix<T, N> operator=(T rhs)
+	{
+		int Nsq = N*N;
+		for(int i=0; i<Nsq; i++)
+			M[i] = rhs;
+
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	template<typename Y>
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<Y, N> operator*(vec<Y, N> rhs)
+	{
+		vec<Y, N> result;
+
+		for(int r=0; r<N; r++)
+			for(int c=0; c<N; c++)
+				result[r] += (*this)(r, c) * rhs[c];
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE std::string toStr()
+	{
+		std::stringstream ss;
+
+		for(int r = 0; r < N; r++)
+		{
+			ss<<"| ";
+			for(int c=0; c<N; c++)
+			{
+				ss<<(*this)(r, c)<<" ";
+			}
+			ss<<"|"<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		return ss.str();
+	}
+
+
+
+
+};
+
+}	//end namespace rts
+
+template <typename T, int N>
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, stim::matrix<T, N> M)
+{
+    os<<M.toStr();
+    return os;
+}
+
+//#if __GNUC__ > 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ > 7
+//template<class T, int N> using rtsMatrix = rts::matrix<T, N>;
+//#endif
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/math/plane.h b/stim/math/plane.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e384ef0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/math/plane.h
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+#ifndef RTS_PLANE_H
+#define RTS_PLANE_H
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include "../math/vector.h"
+#include "rts/cuda/callable.h"
+
+
+namespace stim{
+template <typename T, int D> class plane;
+}
+
+template <typename T, int D>
+CUDA_CALLABLE stim::plane<T, D> operator-(stim::plane<T, D> v);
+
+namespace stim{
+
+template <class T, int D = 3>
+class plane{
+
+	//a plane is defined by a point and a normal
+
+private:
+
+	vec<T, D> P;	//point on the plane
+	vec<T, D> N;	//plane normal
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE void init(){
+		P = vec<T, D>(0, 0, 0);
+		N = vec<T, D>(0, 0, 1);
+	}
+
+
+public:
+
+	//default constructor
+	CUDA_CALLABLE plane(){
+		init();
+	}
+	
+	CUDA_CALLABLE plane(vec<T, D> n, vec<T, D> p = vec<T, D>(0, 0, 0)){
+		P = p;
+		N = n.norm();
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE plane(T z_pos){
+		init();
+		P[2] = z_pos;
+	}
+
+	//create a plane from three points (a triangle)
+	CUDA_CALLABLE plane(vec<T, D> a, vec<T, D> b, vec<T, D> c){
+		P = c;
+		N = (c - a).cross(b - a);
+		if(N.len() == 0)	//handle the degenerate case when two vectors are the same, N = 0
+			N = 0;
+		else
+			N = N.norm();
+	}
+
+	template< typename U >
+	CUDA_CALLABLE operator plane<U, D>(){
+
+		plane<U, D> result(N, P);
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, D> norm(){
+		return N;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, D> p(){
+		return P;
+	}
+
+	//flip the plane front-to-back
+	CUDA_CALLABLE plane<T, D> flip(){
+		plane<T, D> result = *this;
+		result.N = -result.N;
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	//determines how a vector v intersects the plane (1 = intersects front, 0 = within plane, -1 = intersects back)
+	CUDA_CALLABLE int face(vec<T, D> v){
+		
+		T dprod = v.dot(N);		//get the dot product between v and N
+
+		//conditional returns the appropriate value
+		if(dprod < 0)
+			return 1;
+		else if(dprod > 0)
+			return -1;
+		else
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	//determine on which side of the plane a point lies (1 = front, 0 = on the plane, -1 = back)
+	CUDA_CALLABLE int side(vec<T, D> p){
+
+		vec<T, D> v = p - P;	//get the vector from P to the query point p
+
+		return face(v);
+	}
+
+	//compute the component of v that is perpendicular to the plane
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, D> perpendicular(vec<T, D> v){
+		return N * v.dot(N);
+	}
+
+	//compute the projection of v in the plane
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, D> parallel(vec<T, D> v){
+		return v - perpendicular(v);
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE void decompose(vec<T, D> v, vec<T, D>& para, vec<T, D>& perp){
+		perp = N * v.dot(N);
+		para = v - perp;
+	}
+
+	//get both the parallel and perpendicular components of a vector v w.r.t. the plane
+	CUDA_CALLABLE void project(vec<T, D> v, vec<T, D> &v_par, vec<T, D> &v_perp){
+
+		v_perp = v.dot(N);
+		v_par = v - v_perp;
+	}
+
+	//compute the reflection of v off of the plane
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, D> reflect(vec<T, D> v){
+
+		//compute the reflection using N_prime as the plane normal
+		vec<T, D> par = parallel(v);
+		vec<T, D> r = (-v) + par * 2;
+
+		/*std::cout<<"----------------REFLECT-----------------------------"<<std::endl;
+		std::cout<<str()<<std::endl;
+		std::cout<<"v: "<<v<<std::endl;
+		std::cout<<"r: "<<r<<std::endl;
+		std::cout<<"Perpendicular: "<<perpendicular(v)<<std::endl;
+		std::cout<<"Parallel: "<<par<<std::endl;*/
+		return r;
+
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE rts::plane<T, D> operator-()
+	{
+		rts::plane<T, D> p = *this;
+
+		//negate the normal vector
+		p.N = -p.N;
+
+		return p;
+	}
+
+	//output a string
+	std::string str(){
+		std::stringstream ss;
+		ss<<"P: "<<P<<std::endl;
+		ss<<"N: "<<N;
+		return ss.str();
+	}
+
+	///////Friendship
+	//friend CUDA_CALLABLE rts::plane<T, D> operator- <> (rts::plane<T, D> v);
+
+
+
+};
+
+}
+
+//arithmetic operators
+
+//negative operator flips the plane (front to back)
+//template <typename T, int D>
+
+
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/math/quad.h b/stim/math/quad.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..628b982
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/math/quad.h
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+#ifndef RTS_QUAD_H
+#define RTS_QUAD_H
+
+//enable CUDA_CALLABLE macro
+#include "../cuda/callable.h"
+#include "../math/vector.h"
+#include "../math/triangle.h"
+#include "../math/quaternion.h"
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace stim{
+
+//template for a quadangle class in ND space
+template <class T, int N = 3>
+struct quad
+{
+	/*
+		B------------------>C
+		^                   ^
+		|                   |
+		Y                   |
+		|                   |
+		|                   |
+		A---------X-------->O
+	*/
+
+	/*T A[N];
+	T B[N];
+	T C[N];*/
+
+	rts::vec<T, N> A;
+	rts::vec<T, N> X;
+	rts::vec<T, N> Y;
+
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE quad()
+	{
+
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE quad(vec<T, N> a, vec<T, N> b, vec<T, N> c)
+	{
+
+		A = a;		
+		Y = b - a;
+		X = c - a - Y;
+
+	}
+
+	/*******************************************************************
+	Constructor - create a quad from a position, normal, and rotation
+	*******************************************************************/
+	CUDA_CALLABLE quad(rts::vec<T, N> c, rts::vec<T, N> normal, T width, T height, T theta)
+	{
+
+        //compute the X direction - start along world-space X
+        Y = rts::vec<T, N>(0, 1, 0);
+        if(Y == normal)
+            Y = rts::vec<T, N>(0, 0, 1);
+
+        X = Y.cross(normal).norm();
+
+        std::cout<<X<<std::endl;
+
+        //rotate the X axis by theta radians
+        rts::quaternion<T> q;
+        q.CreateRotation(theta, normal);
+        X = q.toMatrix3() * X;
+        Y = normal.cross(X);
+
+        //normalize everything
+        X = X.norm();
+        Y = Y.norm();
+
+        //scale to match the quad width and height
+        X = X * width;
+        Y = Y * height;
+
+        //set the corner of the plane
+        A = c - X * 0.5f - Y * 0.5f;
+
+        std::cout<<X<<std::endl;
+	}
+
+	//boolean comparison
+	bool operator==(const quad<T, N> & rhs)
+	{
+		if(A == rhs.A && X == rhs.X && Y == rhs.Y)
+			return true;
+		else
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	/*******************************************
+	Return the normal for the quad
+	*******************************************/
+	CUDA_CALLABLE rts::vec<T, N> n()
+	{
+        return (X.cross(Y)).norm();
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE rts::vec<T, N> p(T a, T b)
+	{
+		rts::vec<T, N> result;
+		//given the two parameters a, b = [0 1], returns the position in world space
+		result = A + X * a + Y * b;
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE rts::vec<T, N> operator()(T a, T b)
+	{
+		return p(a, b);
+	}
+
+	std::string str()
+	{
+		std::stringstream ss;
+
+		ss<<std::left<<"B="<<setfill('-')<<setw(20)<<A + Y<<">"<<"C="<<A + Y + X<<std::endl;
+		ss<<setfill(' ')<<setw(23)<<"|"<<"|"<<std::endl<<setw(23)<<"|"<<"|"<<std::endl;
+		ss<<std::left<<"A="<<setfill('-')<<setw(20)<<A<<">"<<"D="<<A + X;
+
+        return ss.str();
+
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE quad<T, N> operator*(T rhs)
+	{
+		//scales the plane by a scalar value
+
+		//compute the center point
+		rts::vec<T, N> c = A + X*0.5f + Y*0.5f;
+
+		//create the new quadangle
+		quad<T, N> result;
+		result.X = X * rhs;
+		result.Y = Y * rhs;
+		result.A = c - result.X*0.5f - result.Y*0.5f;
+
+		return result;
+
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE T dist(vec<T, N> p)
+	{
+        //compute the distance between a point and this quad
+
+        //first break the quad up into two triangles
+        triangle<T, N> T0(A, A+X, A+Y);
+        triangle<T, N> T1(A+X+Y, A+X, A+Y);
+
+
+        T d0 = T0.dist(p);
+        T d1 = T1.dist(p);
+
+        if(d0 < d1)
+            return d0;
+        else
+            return d1;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE T dist_max(vec<T, N> p)
+	{
+        T da = (A - p).len();
+        T db = (A+X - p).len();
+        T dc = (A+Y - p).len();
+        T dd = (A+X+Y - p).len();
+
+        return std::max( da, std::max(db, std::max(dc, dd) ) );
+	}
+};
+
+}	//end namespace rts
+
+template <typename T, int N>
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, rts::quad<T, N> R)
+{
+    os<<R.str();
+    return os;
+}
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/math/quaternion.h b/stim/math/quaternion.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4420658
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/math/quaternion.h
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+#ifndef RTS_QUATERNION_H
+#define RTS_QUATERNION_H
+
+#include "../math/matrix.h"
+#include "../cuda/callable.h"
+
+namespace stim{
+
+template<typename T>
+class quaternion
+{
+public:
+	T w;
+	T x;
+	T y;
+	T z;
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE void normalize(){
+
+		double length=sqrt(w*w + x*x + y*y + z*z);
+		w=w/length;
+		x=x/length;
+		y=y/length;
+		z=z/length;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE void CreateRotation(T theta, T ux, T uy, T uz){
+
+		vec<T, 3> u(ux, uy, uz);
+		CreateRotation(theta, u);		
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE void CreateRotation(T theta, vec<T, 3> u){
+
+		vec<T, 3> u_hat = u.norm();
+
+		//assign the given Euler rotation to this quaternion
+		w = (T)cos(theta/2);
+		x = u_hat[0]*(T)sin(theta/2);
+		y = u_hat[1]*(T)sin(theta/2);
+		z = u_hat[2]*(T)sin(theta/2);
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE void CreateRotation(vec<T, 3> from, vec<T, 3> to){
+
+		vec<T> r = from.cross(to);			//compute the rotation vector
+		T theta = asin(r.len());				//compute the angle of the rotation about r
+		//deal with a zero vector (both k and kn point in the same direction)
+		if(theta == (T)0)
+			return;
+
+		//create a quaternion to capture the rotation
+		CreateRotation(theta, r.norm());
+	}
+
+
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE quaternion<T> operator *(quaternion<T> &param){
+
+		float A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H;
+
+
+		A = (w + x)*(param.w + param.x);
+		B = (z - y)*(param.y - param.z);
+		C = (w - x)*(param.y + param.z);
+		D = (y + z)*(param.w - param.x);
+		E = (x + z)*(param.x + param.y);
+		F = (x - z)*(param.x - param.y);
+		G = (w + y)*(param.w - param.z);
+		H = (w - y)*(param.w + param.z);
+
+		quaternion<T> result;
+		result.w = B + (-E - F + G + H) /2;
+		result.x = A - (E + F + G + H)/2;
+		result.y = C + (E - F + G - H)/2;
+		result.z = D + (E - F - G + H)/2;
+
+		return result;
+	}
+	
+	CUDA_CALLABLE matrix<T, 3> toMatrix3(){
+
+		matrix<T, 3> result;
+
+
+	    T wx, wy, wz, xx, yy, yz, xy, xz, zz, x2, y2, z2;
+
+
+	    // calculate coefficients
+	    x2 = x + x; y2 = y + y;
+	    z2 = z + z;
+	    xx = x * x2; xy = x * y2; xz = x * z2;
+	    yy = y * y2; yz = y * z2; zz = z * z2;
+	    wx = w * x2; wy = w * y2; wz = w * z2;
+
+		result(0, 0) = 1 - (yy + zz);
+		result(0, 1) = xy - wz;
+
+		result(0, 2) = xz + wy;
+
+		result(1, 0) = xy + wz;
+		result(1, 1) = 1 - (xx + zz);
+
+		result(1, 2) = yz - wx;
+
+		result(2, 0) = xz - wy;
+		result(2, 1) = yz + wx;
+
+		result(2, 2) = 1 - (xx + yy);
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE matrix<T, 4> toMatrix4(){
+
+		matrix<T, 4> result;
+	    T wx, wy, wz, xx, yy, yz, xy, xz, zz, x2, y2, z2;
+
+	    // calculate coefficients
+	    x2 = x + x; y2 = y + y;
+	    z2 = z + z;
+	    xx = x * x2; xy = x * y2; xz = x * z2;
+	    yy = y * y2; yz = y * z2; zz = z * z2;
+	    wx = w * x2; wy = w * y2; wz = w * z2;
+
+		result(0, 0) = 1 - (yy + zz);
+		result(0, 1) = xy - wz;
+
+		result(0, 2) = xz + wy;
+
+		result(1, 0) = xy + wz;
+		result(1, 1) = 1 - (xx + zz);
+
+		result(1, 2) = yz - wx;
+
+		result(2, 0) = xz - wy;
+		result(2, 1) = yz + wx;
+
+		result(2, 2) = 1 - (xx + yy);
+
+		result(3, 3) = 1;
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE quaternion(){
+		w=0; x=0; y=0; z=0;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE quaternion(T c, T i, T j, T k){
+		w=c;  x=i;  y=j;  z=k;
+	}
+
+};
+
+}	//end rts namespace
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/math/realfield.cuh b/stim/math/realfield.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d6ce26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/math/realfield.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+#ifndef	RTS_REALFIELD_H
+#define RTS_REALFIELD_H
+
+#include "../visualization/colormap.h"
+#include "../envi/envi.h"
+#include "../math/rect.h"
+#include "../cuda/devices.h"
+#include "cublas_v2.h"
+#include <cuda_runtime.h>
+
+
+namespace stim{
+
+//multiply R = X * Y
+template<typename T>
+__global__ void gpu_realfield_multiply(T* R, T* X, T* Y, unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1){
+
+	int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+    int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
+
+    //make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
+    if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
+
+    //compute the index into the field
+    int i = iv*r0 + iu;
+
+    //calculate and store the result
+    R[i] = X[i] * Y[i];
+
+}
+
+template<typename P, unsigned int N = 1, bool positive = false>
+class realfield{
+
+	P* X[N];		//an array of N gpu pointers for each field component
+	int R[2];		//resolution of the slice
+	rect<P> shape;
+
+	void process_filename(std::string name, std::string &prefix, std::string &postfix, 
+                          std::string &ext, unsigned int &digits)
+    {
+        std::stringstream ss(name);
+        std::string item;
+        std::vector<std::string> elems;
+        while(std::getline(ss, item, '.'))      //split the string at the '.' character (filename and extension)
+        {
+            elems.push_back(item);
+        }
+        
+        prefix = elems[0];                      //prefix contains the filename (with wildcard '?' characters)
+        ext = elems[1];                         //file extension (ex. .bmp, .png)
+        ext = std::string(".") + ext;           //add a period back into the extension
+
+        size_t i0 = prefix.find_first_of("?");  //find the positions of the first and last wildcard ('?'')
+        size_t i1 = prefix.find_last_of("?");
+
+        postfix = prefix.substr(i1+1);
+        prefix = prefix.substr(0, i0);
+
+        digits = i1 - i0 + 1;                   //compute the number of wildcards
+    }
+
+	void init()
+	{
+		for(unsigned int n=0; n<N; n++)
+			X[n] = NULL;
+	}
+	void destroy()
+	{
+		for(unsigned int n=0; n<N; n++)
+			if(X[n] != NULL)
+				HANDLE_ERROR(cudaFree(X[n]));
+	}
+
+public:
+	//field constructor
+	realfield()
+	{
+		R[0] = R[1] = 0;
+		init();
+		//std::cout<<"realfield CONSTRUCTOR"<<std::endl;
+	}
+	realfield(unsigned int x, unsigned int y)
+	{
+        //set the resolution
+        R[0] = x;
+        R[1] = y;
+		//allocate memory on the GPU
+		for(unsigned int n=0; n<N; n++)
+		{
+			HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc( (void**)&X[n], sizeof(P) * R[0] * R[1] ));
+		}
+		//shape = rect<P>(vec<P>(-1, -1, 0), vec<P>(-1, 1, 0), vec<P>(1, 1, 0));	//default geometry
+		clear();		//zero the field
+		//std::cout<<"realfield CONSTRUCTOR"<<std::endl;
+    }
+
+	~realfield()
+    {
+		destroy();
+		//std::cout<<"realfield DESTRUCTOR"<<std::endl;
+    }
+
+	P* ptr(unsigned int n = 0)
+	{
+		if(n < N)
+			return X[n];
+		else return NULL;
+	}
+
+	//set all components of the field to zero
+	void clear()
+    {
+		for(unsigned int n=0; n<N; n++)
+			if(X[n] != NULL)
+				HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemset(X[n], 0, sizeof(P) * R[0] * R[1]));
+    }
+
+	void toImage(std::string filename, unsigned int n, P vmin, P vmax, stim::colormapType cmap = stim::cmBrewer)
+    {
+		stim::gpu2image<P>(X[n], filename, R[0], R[1], vmin, vmax, cmap);
+    }
+
+	void toImages(std::string filename, bool global_max = true, stim::colormapType cmap = stim::cmBrewer)
+	{
+        std::string prefix, postfix, extension;
+        unsigned int digits;
+        process_filename(filename, prefix, postfix, extension, digits);      //process the filename for wild cards
+
+        cublasStatus_t stat;
+        cublasHandle_t handle;
+
+        //create a CUBLAS handle
+        stat = cublasCreate(&handle);
+        if(stat != CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            std::cout<<"CUBLAS Error: initialization failed"<<std::endl;
+            exit(1);
+        }
+
+        int L = R[0] * R[1];    //compute the number of discrete points in a slice
+        int result;             //result of the max operation
+
+        P maxVal[N];            //array stores minimum and maximum values
+        P maxAll = 0;           //largest value in the data set
+
+        //compute the maximum value for each vector component
+        for(int n=0; n<N; n++)
+        {
+            if(sizeof(P) == 4)
+                stat = cublasIsamax(handle, L, (const float*)X[n], 1, &result);
+            else
+                stat = cublasIdamax(handle, L, (const double*)X[n], 1, &result);
+
+            result -= 1;        //adjust for 1-based indexing
+
+            if(stat != CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS)   //if there was a GPU error, terminate
+            {
+                std::cout<<"CUBLAS Error: failure finding maximum value."<<std::endl;
+                exit(1);
+            }
+
+            //retrieve the maximum value for this slice and store it in the maxVal array
+            HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(&maxVal[n], X[n] + result, sizeof(P), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost));
+            if(abs(maxVal[n]) > maxAll)          //if maxVal is larger, update the maxAll variable
+                maxAll = maxVal[n];
+
+        }
+        
+        cublasDestroy(handle);  //destroy the CUBLAS handle
+
+        P outputMax = abs(maxAll);			//maximum value used for each output image
+		for(int n=0; n<N; n++)          //for each image
+		{
+			if(!global_max) outputMax = maxVal[n];	//calculate the maximum value for this image
+
+			stringstream ss;            //assemble the file name
+			ss<<prefix<<std::setfill('0')<<std::setw(digits)<<n<<postfix<<extension;
+			std::cout<<ss.str()<<std::endl;
+			if(positive)                //if the image is positive
+				toImage(ss.str(), n, 0, abs(outputMax), cmap);         //save the image using the global maximum
+			else
+				toImage(ss.str(), n, -abs(outputMax), abs(outputMax), cmap);   //save the image using the global maximum
+		}
+	}
+
+	//assignment operator
+	realfield & operator= (const realfield & rhs)
+    {
+        //de-allocate any existing GPU memory
+        destroy();
+
+        //copy the slice resolution
+        R[0] = rhs.R[0];
+        R[1] = rhs.R[1];
+
+		for(unsigned int n=0; n<N; n++)
+		{
+			//allocate the necessary memory
+			HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc(&X[n], sizeof(P) * R[0] * R[1]));
+			//copy the slice
+			HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(X[n], rhs.X[n], sizeof(P) * R[0] * R[1], cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice));
+		}
+        //std::cout<<"Assignment operator."<<std::endl;
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //multiply two fields (element-wise multiplication)
+    realfield<P, N, positive> operator* (const realfield & rhs){
+
+    	int maxThreads = stim::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
+        int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
+
+        //create one thread for each detector pixel
+        dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
+        dim3 dimGrid((R[0] + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (R[1] + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
+
+        //create a scalar field to store the result
+        realfield<P, N, positive> result(R[0], R[1]);
+
+        for(int n=0; n<N; n++)
+        	stim::gpu_realfield_multiply <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (result.X[n], X[n], rhs.X[n], R[0], R[1]);
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+	///copy constructor
+	realfield(const realfield &rhs)
+	{
+		//first make a shallow copy
+		R[0] = rhs.R[0];
+		R[1] = rhs.R[1];
+
+		for(unsigned int n=0; n<N; n++)
+		{
+			//do we have to make a deep copy?
+			if(rhs.X[n] == NULL)
+				X[n] = NULL;		//no
+			else
+			{
+				//allocate the necessary memory
+				HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc(&X[n], sizeof(P) * R[0] * R[1]));
+
+				//copy the slice
+				HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(X[n], rhs.X[n], sizeof(P) * R[0] * R[1], cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice));
+			}
+		}
+
+
+	}
+
+
+
+
+};
+
+
+}	//end namespace rts
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/math/rect.h b/stim/math/rect.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a155cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/math/rect.h
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+#ifndef RTS_RECT_H
+#define RTS_RECT_H
+
+//enable CUDA_CALLABLE macro
+#include "../cuda/callable.h"
+#include "../math/vector.h"
+#include "../math/triangle.h"
+#include "../math/quaternion.h"
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace stim{
+
+//template for a rectangle class in ND space
+template <class T, int N = 3>
+struct rect
+{
+	/*
+		^                   O
+		|                   
+		|                   
+		Y         C         
+		|                   
+		|                   
+		O---------X--------->
+	*/
+
+private:
+
+	stim::vec<T, N> C;
+	stim::vec<T, N> X;
+	stim::vec<T, N> Y;
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE void scale(T factor){
+		X *= factor;
+		Y *= factor;
+	}
+	
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE void normal(vec<T, N> n){		//orient the rectangle along the specified normal
+
+		n = n.norm();								//normalize, just in case
+		vec<T, N> n_current = X.cross(Y).norm();	//compute the current normal
+		quaternion<T> q;							//create a quaternion
+		q.CreateRotation(n_current, n);				//initialize a rotation from n_current to n
+
+		//apply the quaternion to the vectors and position
+		X = q.toMatrix3() * X;
+		Y = q.toMatrix3() * Y;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE void init(){
+		C = vec<T, N>(0, 0, 0);
+		X = vec<T, N>(1, 0, 0);
+		Y = vec<T, N>(0, 1, 0);
+	}
+
+public:
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE rect(){
+		init();
+	}
+
+	//create a rectangle given a size and position
+	CUDA_CALLABLE rect(T size, T z_pos = (T)0){
+		init();			//use the default setup
+		scale(size);	//scale the rectangle
+		C[2] = z_pos;
+	}
+
+	//create a rectangle from a center point, normal, and size
+	CUDA_CALLABLE rect(T size, vec<T, N> c, vec<T, N> n = vec<T, N>(0, 0, 1)){
+		init();			//start with the default setting
+		C = c;
+		scale(size);	//scale the rectangle
+		normal(n);		//orient
+	}
+	
+	//create a rectangle from a center point, normal, and size
+	CUDA_CALLABLE rect(vec<T,2> size, vec<T, N> c, vec<T, N> n = vec<T, N>(0, 0, 1)){
+		init();			//start with the default setting
+		C = c;
+		scale(size);	//scale the rectangle
+		normal(n);		//orient
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE rect(vec<T, N> center, vec<T, N> directionX, vec<T, N> directionY )
+	{
+		C = center;
+		X = directionX;
+		Y = directionY;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE rect(vec<T,N> mag, vec<T, N> center, vec<T, N> directionX, vec<T, N> directionY )
+	{	
+		C = center;
+		X = directionX;
+		Y = directionY;
+		scale(mag[0], mag[1]);
+	}
+	
+	CUDA_CALLABLE void scale(T factor1, T factor2){
+		X *= factor1;
+		Y *= factor2;
+	}
+
+	//boolean comparison
+	bool operator==(const rect<T, N> & rhs)
+	{
+		if(C == rhs.C && X == rhs.X && Y == rhs.Y)
+			return true;
+		else
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	/*******************************************
+	Return the normal for the rect
+	*******************************************/
+	CUDA_CALLABLE stim::vec<T, N> n()
+	{
+        return (X.cross(Y)).norm();
+	}
+
+	//get the world space value given the planar coordinates a, b in [0, 1]
+	CUDA_CALLABLE stim::vec<T, N> p(T a, T b)
+	{
+		stim::vec<T, N> result;
+		//given the two parameters a, b = [0 1], returns the position in world space
+		vec<T, N> A = C - X * (T)0.5 - Y * (T)0.5;
+		result = A + X * a + Y * b;
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	//parenthesis operator returns the world space given rectangular coordinates a and b in [0 1]
+	CUDA_CALLABLE stim::vec<T, N> operator()(T a, T b)
+	{
+		return p(a, b);
+	}
+
+	std::string str()
+	{
+		std::stringstream ss;
+		vec<T, N> A = C - X * (T)0.5 - Y * (T)0.5;
+		ss<<std::left<<"B="<<std::setfill('-')<<std::setw(20)<<A + Y<<">"<<"C="<<A + Y + X<<std::endl;
+		ss<<std::setfill(' ')<<std::setw(23)<<"|"<<"|"<<std::endl<<std::setw(23)<<"|"<<"|"<<std::endl;
+		ss<<std::left<<"A="<<std::setfill('-')<<std::setw(20)<<A<<">"<<"D="<<A + X;
+
+        return ss.str();
+
+	}
+
+	//scales the rectangle by a value rhs
+	CUDA_CALLABLE rect<T, N> operator*(T rhs)
+	{
+		//scales the plane by a scalar value
+
+		//create the new rectangle
+		rect<T, N> result = *this;
+		result.scale(rhs);
+
+		return result;
+
+	}
+
+	//computes the distance between the specified point and this rectangle
+	CUDA_CALLABLE T dist(vec<T, N> p)
+	{
+        //compute the distance between a point and this rect
+
+		vec<T, N> A = C - X * (T)0.5 - Y * (T)0.5;
+
+        //first break the rect up into two triangles
+        triangle<T, N> T0(A, A+X, A+Y);
+        triangle<T, N> T1(A+X+Y, A+X, A+Y);
+
+
+        T d0 = T0.dist(p);
+        T d1 = T1.dist(p);
+
+        if(d0 < d1)
+            return d0;
+        else
+            return d1;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE T dist_max(vec<T, N> p)
+	{
+		vec<T, N> A = C - X * (T)0.5 - Y * (T)0.5;
+        T da = (A - p).len();
+        T db = (A+X - p).len();
+        T dc = (A+Y - p).len();
+        T dd = (A+X+Y - p).len();
+
+        return std::max( da, std::max(db, std::max(dc, dd) ) );
+	}
+};
+
+}	//end namespace rts
+
+template <typename T, int N>
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, stim::rect<T, N> R)
+{
+    os<<R.str();
+    return os;
+}
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/math/triangle.h b/stim/math/triangle.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76249ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/math/triangle.h
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+#ifndef RTS_TRIANGLE_H
+#define RTS_TRIANGLE_H
+
+//enable CUDA_CALLABLE macro
+#include "../cuda/callable.h"
+#include "../math/vector.h"
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace stim{
+
+template <class T, int N=3>
+struct triangle
+{
+    /*
+        A------>B
+        |      /
+        |     /
+        |    /
+        |   /
+        |  /
+        | /
+        C
+    */
+    private:
+
+    vec<T, N> A;
+    vec<T, N> B;
+    vec<T, N> C;
+
+    CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> _p(T s, T t)
+    {
+        //This function returns the point specified by p = A + s(B-A) + t(C-A)
+        vec<T, N> E0 = B-A;
+        vec<T, N> E1 = C-A;
+
+        return A + s*E0 + t*E1;
+    }
+
+
+    public:
+
+
+
+    CUDA_CALLABLE triangle()
+	{
+
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE triangle(vec<T, N> a, vec<T, N> b, vec<T, N> c)
+	{
+		A = a;
+		B = b;
+		C = c;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE stim::vec<T, N> operator()(T s, T t)
+	{
+        return _p(s, t);
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> nearest(vec<T, N> p)
+	{
+        //comptue the distance between a point and this triangle
+        //  This code is adapted from: http://www.geometrictools.com/Documentation/DistancePoint3Triangle3.pdf
+
+        vec<T, N> E0 = B-A;
+        vec<T, N> E1 = C-A;
+        vec<T, N> D = A - p;
+
+        T a = E0.dot(E0);
+        T b = E0.dot(E1);
+        T c = E1.dot(E1);
+        T d = E0.dot(D);
+        T e = E1.dot(D);
+        //T f = D.dot(D);
+
+        T det = a*c - b*b;
+        T s = b*e - c*d;
+        T t = b*d - a*e;
+
+        /*std::cout<<"E0: "<<E0<<std::endl;
+        std::cout<<"E1: "<<E1<<std::endl;
+        std::cout<<"a: "<<a<<std::endl;
+        std::cout<<"b: "<<b<<std::endl;
+        std::cout<<"c: "<<c<<std::endl;
+        std::cout<<"d: "<<d<<std::endl;
+        std::cout<<"e: "<<e<<std::endl;
+        std::cout<<"f: "<<f<<std::endl;
+        std::cout<<"det: "<<det<<std::endl;
+        std::cout<<"s: "<<s<<std::endl;
+        std::cout<<"t: "<<t<<std::endl;*/
+
+
+        if( s+t <= det)
+        {
+            if(s < 0)
+            {
+                if(t < 0)
+                {
+                    //region 4
+                    //std::cout<<"Region 4"<<std::endl;
+                    s = 0;
+                    t = 0;
+                    //done?
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    //region 3
+                    //std::cout<<"Region 3"<<std::endl;
+                    s=0;
+                    t = ( e >= 0 ? 0 : ( -e >= c ? 1 : -e/c ) );
+                    //done
+                }
+            }
+            else if(t < 0)
+            {
+                //region 5
+                //std::cout<<"Region 5"<<std::endl;
+                s = ( d >= 0 ? 0 : ( -d >= a ? 1 : -d/a ) );
+                t = 0;
+                //done
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                //region 0
+                //std::cout<<"Region 0"<<std::endl;
+                T invDet = (T)1.0/det;
+                s *= invDet;
+                t *= invDet;
+                //done
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if(s < 0)
+            {
+                //region 2
+                //std::cout<<"Region 2"<<std::endl;
+                s = 0;
+                t = 1;
+                //done?
+
+            }
+            else if(t < 0)
+            {
+                //region 6
+                //std::cout<<"Region 6"<<std::endl;
+                s = 1;
+                t = 0;
+                //done?
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                //region 1
+                //std::cout<<"Region 1"<<std::endl;
+                T numer = c + e - b - d;
+                if( numer <= 0 )
+                    s = 0;
+                else
+                {
+                    T denom = a - 2 * b + c;
+                    s = ( numer >= denom ? 1 : numer/denom );
+                }
+                t = 1 - s;
+                //done
+            }
+        }
+
+        //std::cout<<"s: "<<s<<std::endl;
+        //std::cout<<"t: "<<t<<std::endl;
+
+        //std::cout<<"p: "<<_p(s, t)<<std::endl;
+
+		return _p(s, t);
+
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE T dist(vec<T, N> p)
+	{
+        vec<T, N> n = nearest(p);
+
+        return (p - n).len();
+	}
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/math/vector.h b/stim/math/vector.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86fbbfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/math/vector.h
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+#ifndef RTS_VECTOR_H
+#define RTS_VECTOR_H
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <sstream>
+//#include "rts/math/point.h"
+#include "../cuda/callable.h"
+
+
+namespace stim
+{
+
+
+
+template <class T, int N=3>
+struct vec
+{
+	T v[N];
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec()
+	{
+		//memset(v, 0, sizeof(T) * N);
+		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
+			v[i] = 0;
+	}
+
+	//efficiency constructor, makes construction easier for 1D-4D vectors
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec(T rhs)
+	{
+		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
+			v[i] = rhs;
+	}
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec(T x, T y)
+	{
+		v[0] = x;
+		v[1] = y;
+	}
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec(T x, T y, T z)
+	{
+		v[0] = x;
+		v[1] = y;
+		v[2] = z;
+	}
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec(T x, T y, T z, T w)
+	{
+		v[0] = x;
+		v[1] = y;
+		v[2] = z;
+		v[3] = w;
+	}
+
+	//copy constructor
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec( const vec<T, N>& other){
+		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
+			v[i] = other.v[i];
+	}
+
+	
+	template< typename U >
+	CUDA_CALLABLE operator vec<U, N>(){
+		vec<U, N> result;
+		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
+			result.v[i] = v[i];
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	//template<class U>
+	//friend vec<U, N>::operator vec<T, N>();
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE T len() const
+	{
+        //compute and return the vector length
+        T sum_sq = (T)0;
+        for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
+        {
+            sum_sq += v[i] * v[i];
+        }
+        return sqrt(sum_sq);
+
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> cart2sph() const
+	{
+		//convert the vector from cartesian to spherical coordinates
+		//x, y, z -> r, theta, phi (where theta = 0 to 2*pi)
+
+		vec<T, N> sph;
+		sph[0] = std::sqrt(v[0]*v[0] + v[1]*v[1] + v[2]*v[2]);
+		sph[1] = std::atan2(v[1], v[0]);
+		sph[2] = std::acos(v[2] / sph[0]);
+
+		return sph;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> sph2cart() const
+	{
+		//convert the vector from cartesian to spherical coordinates
+		//r, theta, phi -> x, y, z (where theta = 0 to 2*pi)
+
+		vec<T, N> cart;
+		cart[0] = v[0] * std::cos(v[1]) * std::sin(v[2]);
+		cart[1] = v[0] * std::sin(v[1]) * std::sin(v[2]);
+		cart[2] = v[0] * std::cos(v[2]);
+
+		return cart;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> norm() const
+	{
+        //compute and return the vector norm
+        vec<T, N> result;
+
+        //compute the vector length
+        T l = len();
+
+        //normalize
+        for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
+        {
+            result.v[i] = v[i] / l;
+        }
+
+        return result;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, 3> cross(const vec<T, 3> rhs) const
+	{
+		vec<T, 3> result;
+
+		//compute the cross product (only valid for 3D vectors)
+		result[0] = v[1] * rhs.v[2] - v[2] * rhs.v[1];
+		result[1] = v[2] * rhs.v[0] - v[0] * rhs.v[2];
+		result[2] = v[0] * rhs.v[1] - v[1] * rhs.v[0];
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+    CUDA_CALLABLE T dot(vec<T, N> rhs) const
+    {
+        T result = (T)0;
+
+        for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
+            result += v[i] * rhs.v[i];
+
+        return result;
+
+    }
+
+	//arithmetic
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> operator+(vec<T, N> rhs) const
+	{
+		vec<T, N> result;
+
+		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
+		    result.v[i] = v[i] + rhs.v[i];
+
+		return result;
+	}
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> operator+(T rhs) const
+	{
+		vec<T, N> result;
+
+		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
+		    result.v[i] = v[i] + rhs;
+
+		return result;
+	}
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> operator-(vec<T, N> rhs) const
+	{
+        vec<T, N> result;
+
+        for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
+            result.v[i] = v[i] - rhs.v[i];
+
+        return result;
+	}
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> operator*(T rhs) const
+	{
+        vec<T, N> result;
+
+        for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
+            result.v[i] = v[i] * rhs;
+
+        return result;
+	}
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> operator/(T rhs) const
+	{
+        vec<T, N> result;
+
+        for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
+            result.v[i] = v[i] / rhs;
+
+        return result;
+	}
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> operator*=(T rhs){
+		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
+			v[i] = v[i] * rhs;
+		return *this;
+	}
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> & operator=(T rhs){
+		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
+			v[i] = rhs;
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	template<typename Y>
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> & operator=(vec<Y, N> rhs){
+		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
+			v[i] = rhs.v[i];
+		return *this;
+	}
+	//unary minus
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T, N> operator-() const{
+		vec<T, N> r;
+
+		//negate the vector
+		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
+		    r.v[i] = -v[i];
+
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE bool operator==(vec<T, N> rhs) const
+	{
+        if ( (rhs.v[0] == v[0]) && (rhs.v[1] == v[1]) && (rhs.v[2] == v[2]) )
+            return true;
+
+        return false;
+	}
+
+	std::string str() const
+	{
+		std::stringstream ss;
+
+		ss<<"[";
+		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
+		{
+			ss<<v[i];
+			if(i != N-1)
+				ss<<", ";
+		}
+		ss<<"]";
+
+		return ss.str();
+	}
+
+	//bracket operator - allows assignment to the vector
+	CUDA_CALLABLE T& operator[](const unsigned int i)
+	{
+        return v[i];
+    }
+
+};
+
+
+}	//end namespace rts
+
+template <typename T, int N>
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, stim::vec<T, N> v)
+{
+    os<<v.str();
+    return os;
+}
+
+
+
+template <typename T, int N>
+CUDA_CALLABLE stim::vec<T, N> operator*(T lhs, stim::vec<T, N> rhs)
+{
+	stim::vec<T, N> r;
+
+    return rhs * lhs;
+}
+
+//#if __GNUC__ > 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ > 7
+//template<class T, int N> using rtsVector = rts::vector<T, N>;
+//#endif
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsApplyBrewer.m b/stim/matlab/rtsApplyBrewer.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdc0693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsApplyBrewer.m
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+function result = rtsApplyBrewer(field, minVal, maxVal)
+
+if nargin < 3
+    maxVal = max(field(:));
+end
+if nargin < 2
+    minVal = min(field(:));
+end
+
+fieldMaskMin = field >= minVal;
+fieldMaskMax = field <= maxVal;
+
+fieldMask = min(fieldMaskMin, fieldMaskMax);
+
+ctrlPts = zeros(11, 3);
+
+ctrlPts(1, :) = [0.192157, 0.211765, 0.584314];
+ctrlPts(2, :) = [0.270588, 0.458824, 0.705882];
+ctrlPts(3, :) = [0.454902, 0.678431, 0.819608];
+ctrlPts(4, :) = [0.670588, 0.85098, 0.913725];
+ctrlPts(5, :) = [0.878431, 0.952941, 0.972549];
+ctrlPts(6, :) = [1, 1, 0.74902];
+ctrlPts(7, :) = [0.996078, 0.878431, 0.564706];
+ctrlPts(8, :) = [0.992157, 0.682353, 0.380392];
+ctrlPts(9, :) = [0.956863, 0.427451, 0.262745];
+ctrlPts(10, :) = [0.843137, 0.188235, 0.152941];
+ctrlPts(11, :) = [0.647059, 0, 0.14902];
+
+%X = 0:1/10:1;
+X = minVal:(maxVal - minVal)/10:maxVal;
+
+R = interp1(X, ctrlPts(:, 1), field);
+G = interp1(X, ctrlPts(:, 2), field);
+B = interp1(X, ctrlPts(:, 3), field);
+
+R = R.* fieldMask;
+G = G.* fieldMask;
+B = B.* fieldMask;
+
+result = cat(ndims(field)+1, R, G, B);
+
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsBaselineCorrect.m b/stim/matlab/rtsBaselineCorrect.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..673296d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsBaselineCorrect.m
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+function R = rtsBaselineCorrect(A, b, dim)
+
+%This function baselines an n-dimensional array given a series of points b
+%B = baseline-corrected data
+%A = raw data
+%b = baseline points in the format [b0 b1 ... bn]
+%dim = dimension along which the baseline correction will occur
+
+
+%allocate space for the sub-component indices
+sz = size(A);
+inds = repmat({1},1,ndims(A));
+
+%allocate space for the result
+R = zeros(size(A));
+
+%for each baseline point
+for bp = 1:length(b) - 1
+    
+    %extract the data at the first baseline point
+    n = b(bp);
+    inds = getIndices(A, n, dim);
+    BP1 = A(inds{:});
+
+    %extract the data at the second baseline point
+    n = b(bp+1);
+    inds = getIndices(A, n, dim);
+    BP2 = A(inds{:});
+
+    %for each point in between the baseline points
+    for p = b(bp):b(bp+1)
+
+        %compute the weighting of the linear function between BP1 and BP2
+        a2 = (p - b(bp))/(b(bp+1) - b(bp));
+        a1 = 1.0 - a2;
+
+        n = p;
+        inds = getIndices(A, n, dim);
+
+        baseFunc = a1 * BP1 + a2 * BP2;
+        R(inds{:}) = A(inds{:}) - baseFunc;
+    end
+end
+
+
+function I = getIndices(A, n, dim)
+
+%this function returns indices for all elements in S at
+%point n along dimension dim
+
+sz = size(A);
+I = repmat({1},1,ndims(A));
+
+for d = 1:ndims(A)
+    if d ~= dim
+        I{d} = 1:sz(d);
+    else
+        I{d} = n;
+    end
+end
+
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsClass2Color.m b/stim/matlab/rtsClass2Color.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b8df59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsClass2Color.m
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+function C = rtsClass2Color(classes, classList, colorList)
+
+C = zeros(length(classes), 3);
+
+for i = 1:length(classes)
+    
+    for c = 1:length(classList)
+        
+        if classes(i) == classList(c)
+            C(i, :) = colorList(c, :);
+        end
+        
+    end
+    
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsColorMapField.m b/stim/matlab/rtsColorMapField.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ada8c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsColorMapField.m
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+function Result = rtsColorMapField(F, range)
+%creates a color map for the field F and returns an array with
+%an additional size-3 color dimension
+
+R = zeros(size(F));
+G = zeros(size(F));
+B = zeros(size(F));
+
+%if no range is specified, estimate it using min and max values
+if nargin == 1
+    range(1) = min(F(:));
+    range(2) = max(F(:));    
+end
+range_size = range(2) - range(1);
+
+num_elements = size(F(:));
+for i =1:num_elements
+    if(F(i) > range(1) && F(i) < range(2))
+        hue_degrees = (1 - (F(i) - range(1))/range_size)*240;
+        HSVval = [hue_degrees 1.0 1.0];
+        RGBval = rtsHSVtoRGB(HSVval);
+    else
+        RGBval = [0 0 F(i)/range(1)];
+    end
+    R(i) = RGBval(1);
+    G(i) = RGBval(2);
+    B(i) = RGBval(3);
+end
+Result = cat(ndims(F)+1, R, G, B);
+imshow(Result);
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsColorMapRainbow.m b/stim/matlab/rtsColorMapRainbow.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c79394
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsColorMapRainbow.m
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+function result = rtsColorMapRainbow(field, minVal, maxVal)
+
+if nargin < 3
+    maxVal = max(field(:));
+end
+if nargin < 2
+    minVal = min(field(:));
+end
+
+fieldMaskMin = field >= minVal;
+fieldMaskMax = field <= maxVal;
+
+fieldMask = fieldMaskMin;%min(fieldMaskMin, fieldMaskMax);
+
+ctrlPts = zeros(3, 3);
+
+ctrlPts(1, :) = [0.0, 0.0, 0.5];
+ctrlPts(2, :) = [0.0, 0.0, 1.0];
+ctrlPts(3, :) = [0.0, 1.0, 1.0];
+ctrlPts(4, :) = [0.0, 1.0, 0.0];
+ctrlPts(5, :) = [1.0, 1.0, 0.0];
+ctrlPts(6, :) = [1.0, 0.0, 0.0];
+ctrlPts(7, :) = [0.5, 0.0, 0.0];
+
+%X = 0:1/10:1;
+X = minVal:(maxVal - minVal)/6:maxVal;
+
+R = interp1(X, ctrlPts(:, 1), field);
+G = interp1(X, ctrlPts(:, 2), field);
+B = interp1(X, ctrlPts(:, 3), field);
+
+%R = R.* fieldMask;
+%G = G.* fieldMask;
+%B = B.* fieldMask;
+
+result = cat(ndims(field)+1, R, G, B);
+
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsCropMask.m b/stim/matlab/rtsCropMask.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ac7fb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsCropMask.m
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+function new_mask = rtsCropMask(mask, max_pixels)
+
+%convert to logical
+%mask = mask > 0;
+
+if nnz(mask) < max_pixels
+    new_mask = mask;
+else
+    j = 0;
+    for i = 1:length(mask(:))
+        if mask(i) > 0
+            j = j + 1;
+            if j == max_pixels
+                last_pixel = i;
+            end
+        end
+    end
+    new_mask = zeros(size(mask, 1), size(mask, 2));
+    new_mask(1:last_pixel) = mask(1:last_pixel);
+end
+        
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsEnviClassify.m b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviClassify.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8326995
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviClassify.m
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+function C = rtsEnviClassify(B, envi_filename, mask, nFeatures)
+
+%   B = TreeBagger class
+%   nFeatures = number of features cropped out (0 means use all features)
+
+if nargin < 4
+    nFeatures = 0;
+end
+
+
+batchSize = 100000;
+
+
+
+Ns = nnz(mask)    %get the number of samples to be classified
+Nb = ceil(Ns / batchSize);  %get the number of batches
+
+C(Ns, 1) = char(0);
+
+%open the ENVI file
+envi = rtsEnviOpen(envi_filename, [envi_filename '.hdr'], mask);
+
+for b = 1:Nb
+    
+    %load a batch
+    batch = rtsEnviRead(envi, batchSize);
+    
+    %crop out the number of features specified (if it is specified)
+    if nFeatures ~= 0
+        batch = batch(1:nFeatures, :);
+    end
+    
+    %classify the batch
+    C( (b-1)*batchSize + 1 : (b-1)*batchSize + size(batch, 2) ) = cell2mat(predict(B, batch'));
+    
+    disp([num2str( round( b / Nb * 100 ) ) '%']);
+end
+
+rtsEnviClose(envi);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsEnviClose.m b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviClose.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ee3283
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviClose.m
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+function rtsEnviClose(enviFID)
+
+fclose(enviFID.fid);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsEnviID.m b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviID.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10f559e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviID.m
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+classdef rtsEnviID < handle
+    properties
+        fid
+        header
+        mask
+        fpos
+    end
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsEnviLoadClasses.m~ b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviLoadClasses.m~
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee30933
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviLoadClasses.m~
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function [F, C] = rtsEnviLoadClasses(filenames, classnames, ppc)
+
+Nc = size(filenames, 1);
+
+for c = 1:Nc
+   %load the masks
+    image = imread(filenames{c});
+    mask = image(:, :, 1)' > 0; 
+    
+    
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsEnviLoadHeader.m b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviLoadHeader.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2746cc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviLoadHeader.m
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+function s = rtsEnviLoadHeader(filename)
+%create a cell array of fields
+s = struct;
+
+fid = fopen(filename, 'r', 'n', 'US-ASCII');
+
+%read the first field and make sure it is "ENVI"
+fname = GetFieldName(fid);
+if strcmp(fname, 'ENVI') == 0
+    disp('Not an ENVI header file');
+    return;
+end
+
+while feof(fid) == 0
+    fname = GetFieldName(fid);
+    if feof(fid) == 1
+        return;
+    end
+    [value, valid] = ReadField(fid, fname);
+    if valid == 1
+        s = setfield(s, fname, value);
+    end
+end
+fclose(fid);
+
+function t = GetFieldName(fid)
+string_struct = textscan(fid, '%s', 1, 'Delimiter', '=');
+if feof(fid) == 1
+    t = [];
+    return;
+end
+t = string_struct{1}{1};
+t = strtrim(t);
+t(t==' ') = '_';
+
+function [v, valid] = ReadField(fid, field_name)
+valid = 1;
+stringFields = {'file_type', 'interleave', 'sensor_type', 'wavelength_units'};
+intFields = {'samples', 'lines', 'bands', 'header_offset', 'data_type', 'byte_order'};
+
+%if the field is "description", read between the brackets
+if strcmp(field_name, 'description') == 1
+    textscan(fid, '%[{]', 1);
+    string_struct = textscan(fid, '%[^}]', 1, 'Whitespace', '');
+    textscan(fid, '%[}]', 1);
+    v = string_struct{1}{1};
+    v = strtrim(v);
+    return;
+end
+if max(strcmp(field_name, intFields)) ~= 0
+    v = fscanf(fid, '%d');
+    return;
+end
+if max(strcmp(field_name, stringFields)) ~= 0
+    string_struct = textscan(fid, '%s', 1, 'Whitespace', '\n');
+    v = string_struct{1}{1};
+    v = strtrim(v);
+    return;
+end
+
+%read and return the wavelength values
+if strcmp(field_name, 'wavelength') == 1
+    v = [];
+    textscan(fid, '%[{]', 1);
+    c = ' ';
+    while c ~= '}'
+        new = fscanf(fid, '%f');
+        v = [v new];
+        c = fscanf(fid, '%c', 1);
+    end
+    return;
+end
+
+%if it doesn't match anything, just read until the end of the line
+%string_struct = textscan(fid, '%s', 1, 'Whitespace', '\n');
+string_struct = textscan(fid, '%s', 1, 'Delimiter', '\n');
+v = '';
+valid = 0;
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsEnviLoadImage.m b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviLoadImage.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a7ab0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviLoadImage.m
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+function [image, header] = rtsEnviLoadImage(filename, headername)
+%enter the file name (no .hdr extension)
+
+header_file = headername;
+header = rtsEnviLoadHeader(header_file);
+
+if strcmp(header.interleave, 'bsq') == 1
+    image = zeros(header.samples, header.lines, header.bands);
+end
+if strcmp(header.interleave, 'bip') == 1
+    image = zeros(header.bands, header.samples, header.lines);
+end
+if strcmp(header.interleave, 'bil') == 1
+    image = zeros(header.samples, header.bands, header.lines);
+end
+
+
+file_bytes = header.samples*header.lines*header.bands;
+%check to make sure there is enough memory available
+if ispc
+    [~, sys] = memory;
+    if sys.PhysicalMemory.Available < file_bytes*header.data_type && strcmp(header.interleave, 'bsq') == 0
+        strResponse = input('The data set will require virtual memory for permutation. Continue? (y/n) ', 's');
+        if strcmp(strResponse, 'n') == 1
+            return;
+        end
+    end
+else
+    disp('Sorry, I can''t check available memory for this OS.  Keep your fingers crossed!');
+end
+
+fid = fopen(filename);
+%skip the header - start reading header_offset bytes from the beginning
+fseek(fid, header.header_offset, 'bof');
+
+%read the data
+image(:) = fread(fid, file_bytes, 'float32');
+
+if strcmp(header.interleave, 'bip') == 1
+    image = permute(image, [2 3 1]);
+end
+if strcmp(header.interleave, 'bil') == 1
+    image = permute(image, [1 3 2]);
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsEnviLoadTraining.m b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviLoadTraining.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1788a08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviLoadTraining.m
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+function [F, C] = rtsEnviLoadTraining(filenames, classnames, binfile, ppc)
+
+Nc = length(filenames);     %calculate the number of classes
+
+if nargin < 3
+    ppc = 0;
+end
+
+%---------Load the Masks-----------
+%first, get the total number of pixels
+Ns = 0;
+for c = 1:Nc
+   %load the mask
+    image = imread(filenames{c});
+    
+    if c == 1
+        mask = boolean(zeros(size(image, 2), size(image, 1), Nc));
+    end
+    
+    if ppc ~= 0
+        mask(:, :, c) = rtsRandomizeMask(image(:, :, 1)' > 0, ppc);
+    else
+        mask(:, :, c) = image(:, :, 1)' > 0;
+    end
+    
+end
+
+%calculate the number of samples
+Ns = Ns + nnz(mask);    
+
+%-----------Load the Training Data-------------
+disp(['loading ' num2str(Ns) ' samples']);
+ci = 1;
+for c = 1:Nc
+    
+    disp(['loading class ' classnames(c) '...']);
+    batch = nnz(mask(:, :, c));
+    %create an ENVI file object
+    envi = rtsEnviOpen(binfile, [binfile '.hdr'], mask(:, :, c));
+    
+    if c == 1
+        F = zeros(Ns, envi.header.bands);
+        C(Ns, 1) = char(0);
+    end
+
+    %read a bunch of spectra
+    F(ci:ci+batch - 1, :) = rtsEnviRead(envi, batch)';
+    C(ci:ci+batch - 1, 1) = repmat([classnames(c)], [batch 1]);
+    
+    %update the current index
+    ci = ci+batch;
+
+    %close the ENVI file
+    rtsEnviClose(envi);
+    
+    disp('done');
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsEnviOpen.m b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviOpen.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..badc640
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviOpen.m
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+function EID = rtsEnviOpen(filename, headername, mask)
+
+%opens an ENVI file and returns an ID structure
+% filename = name of ENVI file
+% headername = name of ENVI header
+% FID = structure containing file information
+% mask = binary image specifying valid spectra
+
+%assign the mask variable
+if(nargin < 3)
+    mask = 1;
+end
+
+%open the file and save the file ID
+fid = fopen(filename, 'r');
+
+%open the ENVI header file
+header = rtsEnviLoadHeader(headername);
+
+%this is currently only valid for BIP files
+if(~strcmp(header.interleave, 'bip'))
+    disp('Error: This function only works for BIP interleave files.  Load in ENVI and convert.');
+end
+if(header.data_type ~= 4)
+    disp('Error: This function only works for floating-point files.');
+end
+
+EID = rtsEnviID;
+EID.fid = fid;
+EID.header = header;
+EID.mask = mask;
+EID.fpos = 0;
+
+%EID = struct('fid', fid, 'header', header, 'mask', mask, 'fpos', 0);
+
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsEnviRandomForest2C_apply.m b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviRandomForest2C_apply.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1d2a7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviRandomForest2C_apply.m
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+function P = rtsEnviRandomForest2C_apply(RF, EnviFileName, EnviHeaderName, TissueMask, reference)
+
+%Applies a 2-class random forest classifier to the given image.  Only
+%pixels specified in TissueMask are classified.  The estimated rule data is
+%returned as an image sequence.
+
+%load the tissue mask
+maskImage = imread(TissueMask);
+maskBinary = (maskImage(:, :, 1) > 0)';
+
+nPixels = nnz(maskBinary);
+disp(['Number of pixels: ' num2str(nPixels)]);
+
+
+%load the data
+disp(['Loading Features: ' EnviFileName]);
+tLoadTime = tic;
+fid = rtsEnviOpen(EnviFileName, EnviHeaderName, maskBinary);
+F = rtsEnviRead(fid, nPixels);
+rtsEnviClose(fid);
+disp(['Time: ' num2str(toc(tLoadTime)) 's']);
+
+%transpose
+F = F';
+
+%apply the reference
+if nargin == 5
+    Fnorm = repmat(F(:, reference), 1, size(F, 2));
+    F = F./Fnorm;
+    F(:, reference) = [];
+end
+
+%classify the data
+disp('Classifying...');
+tClassTime = tic;
+T = predict(RF, F);
+disp(['Time: ' num2str(toc(tClassTime)) 's']);
+%Cl = Cpost > threshold;
+
+%reconstruct the image from the mask
+P = rtsMaskReconstruct(T', maskBinary, -1);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsEnviRandomForest2C_train.m b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviRandomForest2C_train.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bf13d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviRandomForest2C_train.m
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+function RF = rtsEnviRandomForest2C_train(EnviFileName, EnviHeaderName, RoiImages, reference)
+
+%Creates a 2-class random forest classifier for an Envi BIP file using the 
+%provided ROI images.  The resulting classifier uses regression to map
+%class A to 1 and class B to 0.  This allows the creation of ROC curves.
+%
+%   EnviFilename - Name of an ENVI BIP file
+%   RoiImages - Cell array containing names of ROI images (masks)
+
+%default parameters
+maxPixels = 200000;
+threshold = 0.5;
+nTrees = 100;
+nThreads = 8;
+%trainPixels = 200000;
+
+%determine the number of classes
+nClasses = length(RoiImages);
+%make sure that there are only two classes
+if nClasses > 2
+    disp('This classifier only supports 2 classes.');
+    return;
+end
+
+%for each class, load the training data
+T = [];
+F = [];
+for c = 1:nClasses
+    
+    %load the class mask
+    maskImage = imread(RoiImages{c});
+    maskBinary = (maskImage(:, :, 1) > 0)';
+    
+    disp('------------------------------------------------------');
+    %load epithelium spectra
+    disp(['Loading Training Class ' num2str(c) ' pixels: ' EnviFileName]);
+    tLoadTime = tic;
+    fid = rtsEnviOpen(EnviFileName, EnviHeaderName, maskBinary);
+    Fc = rtsEnviRead(fid, maxPixels);
+    rtsEnviClose(fid);
+    
+    if c == 1
+        Tc = ones(size(Fc, 2), 1);
+    else
+        Tc = zeros(size(Fc, 2), 1);
+    end
+    
+    disp(['Time: ' num2str(toc(tLoadTime)) 's']);
+    
+    %add features and targets to the final vectors
+    T = [T; Tc];
+    F = [F; Fc'];  
+end
+
+%apply the reference
+if nargin == 4
+    Fnorm = repmat(F(:, reference), 1, size(F, 2));
+    F = F./Fnorm;
+    F(:, reference) = [];
+end
+
+%parallelize if specified
+if nThreads > 1
+    matlabpool('open', nThreads);
+    paraoptions = statset('UseParallel', 'always');
+end
+
+%train the classifier
+disp('Creating a Random Forest classifier...');
+tTrainTime = tic;
+RF = TreeBagger(nTrees, F, T, 'method', 'regression', 'Options',paraoptions);
+disp(['Time: ' num2str(toc(tTrainTime)) 's']);
+
+if nThreads > 1
+    matlabpool close
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsEnviRandomForest2C_validate.m b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviRandomForest2C_validate.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..626a03c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviRandomForest2C_validate.m
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+function [Croc, Cauc] = rtsEnviRandomForest2C_validate(RF, EnviFileName, EnviHeaderName, RoiImages, reference)
+
+%Validates a 2-class random forest classifier, creating ROC curves.
+
+%parameters
+maxPixels = 200000;
+
+%determine the number of classes
+nClasses = length(RoiImages);
+%make sure that there are only two classes
+if nClasses > 2
+    disp('This classifier only supports 2 classes.');
+    return;
+end
+
+%for each class, load the validation data
+T = [];
+F = [];
+for c = 1:nClasses
+    
+    %load the class mask
+    maskImage = imread(RoiImages{c});
+    maskBinary = (maskImage(:, :, 1) > 0)';
+    
+    disp('------------------------------------------------------');
+    %load epithelium spectra
+    disp(['Loading Validation Class ' num2str(c) ' pixels: ' EnviFileName]);
+    tLoadTime = tic;
+    fid = rtsEnviOpen(EnviFileName, EnviHeaderName, maskBinary);
+    Fc = rtsEnviRead(fid, maxPixels);
+    rtsEnviClose(fid);
+    
+    if c == 1
+        Tc = ones(size(Fc, 2), 1);
+    else
+        Tc = zeros(size(Fc, 2), 1);
+    end
+    
+    disp(['Time: ' num2str(toc(tLoadTime)) 's']);
+    
+    %add features and targets to the final vectors
+    T = [T; Tc];
+    F = [F; Fc'];  
+end
+
+%apply the reference
+if nargin == 5
+    Fnorm = repmat(F(:, reference), 1, size(F, 2));
+    F = F./Fnorm;
+    F(:, reference) = [];
+end
+
+%classify the data (get the estimated posterior probability)
+disp('Validating...');
+tClassTime = tic;
+Tpost = predict(RF, F);
+disp(['Time: ' num2str(toc(tClassTime)) 's']);
+
+%calculate and display the ROC curve
+disp('Calculating ROC...');
+tRocTime = tic;
+[Croc, Cauc, threshList] = rtsROC(Tpost, T);
+disp(['Time: ' num2str(toc(tRocTime)) 's']);
+disp(['AUC = ' num2str(Cauc)]);
+plot(Croc(:, 1), Croc(:, 2));
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsEnviRead.m b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviRead.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d46db6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviRead.m
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+function S = rtsEnviRead(fid, batchSize)
+
+%This function reads a batch of spectra from the given ENVI file ID
+% fid = ENVI file ID created using rtsEnviOpen
+% batchSize = number of spectra to read
+
+%if there is no mask, just load each spectrum in order
+if(fid.mask == 1)
+    
+    %compute the new batch size in case we are near the eof
+    nSpectra = fid.header.samples * fid.header.lines;
+    remainingSpectra = nSpectra - fid.fpos;
+    
+    if(batchSize > remainingSpectra)
+        batchSize = remainingSpectra;
+    end
+    
+    S = fread(fid.fid, [fid.header.bands batchSize], '*float32');
+
+    %increment the fid counter
+    fid.fpos = fid.fpos + batchSize;
+    
+%otherwise only load valid spectra
+else
+    
+    %compute the new batch size in case we are near the eof
+    if(fid.fpos == 0)
+        remainingSpectra = nnz(fid.mask);
+    else
+        nSpectra = nnz(fid.mask);
+        maskRead = fid.mask(1:fid.fpos+1);
+        remainingSpectra = nSpectra - nnz(maskRead);
+    end
+
+    if(batchSize > remainingSpectra)
+        batchSize = remainingSpectra;
+    end
+    
+    %allocate space for the spectra
+    S = zeros(fid.header.bands, batchSize);
+    
+    %for each spectrum in the batch
+    for s = 1:batchSize
+        
+        %while the current spectrum is invalid
+        skip = 0;
+        while (~fid.mask(fid.fpos + 1))
+            %read the invalid spectrum
+            %invalid = fread(fid.fid, [fid.header.bands 1], '*float32');            
+            skip = skip + 1;
+            
+            %increment the file position
+            fid.fpos = fid.fpos + 1;
+        end
+        fseek(fid.fid, skip * fid.header.bands * 4, 'cof');
+        
+        test = fread(fid.fid, [fid.header.bands 1], '*float32');
+        if size(test) ~= size(S(:, s))
+            size(test)
+            size(S(:, s))
+        end
+        S(:, s) = test;
+        fid.fpos = fid.fpos + 1;
+        
+    end    
+    
+end
+
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsEnviSaveImage.m b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviSaveImage.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a22402b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsEnviSaveImage.m
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+function rtsEnviSaveImage(S, fileName, headerName, W)
+
+%  S = 3D hyperspectral data
+%  W = list of wavelength values
+
+%save the image
+rtsSaveRAW(S, fileName, 'float32', 'l');
+
+%create the header file
+headerFile = [fileName '.hdr'];
+if nargin == 3
+    headerFile = headerName;
+end
+
+fid = fopen(headerFile, 'w');
+
+%write the header and description
+fprintf(fid, 'ENVI\n');
+fprintf(fid, 'description = {\n');
+fprintf(fid, '  File Saved using Matlab.}\n');
+fprintf(fid, 'samples = %d\n', size(S, 1));
+fprintf(fid, 'lines   = %d\n', size(S, 2));
+fprintf(fid, 'bands   = %d\n', size(S, 3));
+fprintf(fid, 'header offset = 0\n');
+fprintf(fid, 'file type = ENVI Standard\n');
+fprintf(fid, 'data type = 4\n');
+fprintf(fid, 'interleave = bsq\n');
+fprintf(fid, 'sensor type = Unknown\n');
+fprintf(fid, 'byte order = 0\n');
+
+if nargin == 4
+    %output wavelength units
+    fprintf(fid, 'wavelength = {\n');
+    for i = 1:length(W)-1
+        fprintf(fid, ' %f,\n', W(i));
+    end
+    fprintf(fid, ' %f\n', W(length(W)));
+    fprintf(fid, '}\n');
+end
+
+fclose(fid);
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsGaussianBlurND.m b/stim/matlab/rtsGaussianBlurND.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3699850
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsGaussianBlurND.m
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+function R = rtsGaussianBlurND(input, sigma)
+%This function convolves an ND array with a gaussian kernel specified by
+%sigma.  This takes advantage of the separability of the kernel and is
+%therefore very fast.
+
+%disp('begin***********************************************');
+
+%get the number of dimensions for the convolution
+dim = ndims(input);
+
+%initialize the result to the source
+R = input;
+
+
+for d=1:dim
+    %if the dimension is greater than 1 and the sigma not a dirac
+    if size(input, d) > 1 && sigma(d) > 0
+        %create a 1D kernel
+        kernelshape = ones(1, dim);
+        kernelshape(d) = sigma(d)*6;
+        kernel = zeros(kernelshape);
+        kernel(:) = ndgauss(sigma(d)*6, sigma(d));
+
+        %perform the convolution
+        R = convn(R, kernel, 'same');
+    end
+end
+    
+    
+    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsHSVtoRGB.m b/stim/matlab/rtsHSVtoRGB.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9770aea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsHSVtoRGB.m
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+function RGBval = rtsHSVtoRGB(HSVval)
+
+H = HSVval(1);
+S = HSVval(2);
+V = HSVval(3);
+
+C = V*S;
+Hprime = H/60;
+X = C*(1 - abs(mod(Hprime, 2) - 1));
+
+RGBval = [0 0 0];
+if Hprime >= 0 && Hprime < 1
+    RGBval = [C X 0];
+end
+if Hprime >= 1 && Hprime < 2
+    RGBval = [X C 0];
+end
+if Hprime >= 2 && Hprime < 3
+    RGBval = [0 C X];
+end
+if Hprime >= 3 && Hprime < 4
+    RGBval = [0 X C];
+end
+if Hprime >= 4 && Hprime < 5
+    RGBval = [X 0 C];
+end
+if Hprime >= 5 && Hprime < 6
+    RGBval = [C 0 X];
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsInt2Str.m b/stim/matlab/rtsInt2Str.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06b9b8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsInt2Str.m
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+function result = rtsInt2Str(num, digits)
+
+
+%get the number of digits in the current number
+temp = num;
+current_digits = 0;
+while temp >= 1
+    temp = temp/10;
+    current_digits = current_digits+1;
+end
+
+if current_digits > digits
+    result = int2str(num);
+else
+    result = [];
+    for i = 1:digits - current_digits
+        result = [result '0'];
+    end
+    result = [result int2str(num)];
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsLoadImageStack.m b/stim/matlab/rtsLoadImageStack.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15c921a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsLoadImageStack.m
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+function R = rtsLoadImageStack(directoryName)
+
+fileList = dir(directoryName);
+fileList = fileList(3:length(fileList));
+
+nFiles = length(fileList);
+
+%enable the progress bar
+gui_active(1);
+h = progressbar([], 0, ['Loading ' num2str(nFiles) ' Images...'], 'Load Stack');
+
+
+%load each file into a volume
+for i=1:nFiles
+    fileName = [directoryName '\' fileList(i).name];
+    image = imread(fileName);
+    
+    %allocate space
+    if i == 1
+        R = zeros(size(image, 1), size(image, 2), nFiles, 'uint8');
+    end
+    R(:, :, i) = image(:, :, 1);
+    
+    h = progressbar(h, 1/(nFiles));
+    if ~gui_active
+        progressbar(h, -1);
+        break;                            
+    end
+end
+
+progressbar(h, -1);
+
+
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsMaskReconstruct.m b/stim/matlab/rtsMaskReconstruct.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eed102e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsMaskReconstruct.m
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+function I = rtsMaskReconstruct(data, mask, fillVal)
+
+%This function reconstructs an array of data created from a mask
+% data = a VxD matrix, where D = positions and V = values
+% mask = a binary image with D nonzero values
+
+%compute the number of values at each pixel
+nV = size(data, 1);
+
+%allocate space
+nX = size(mask, 1);
+nY = size(mask, 2);
+I = ones(nV, nX*nY) * fillVal;
+
+d=1;
+%for each position
+for p = 1:nX*nY
+    
+    %if the mask value at the position is true, copy values
+    if(mask(p) && d < size(data, 2))
+        I(:, p) = data(:, d);
+        
+        %increment the data pointer
+        d = d + 1;
+        
+    %if the mask value at the position is zero, set all values to zero
+    else
+        I(:, p) = ones(nV, 1) * fillVal;
+    end 
+    
+end
+
+%reshape the array into an image
+I = reshape(I', [nX nY nV]);
+
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsMonteCarloSphere.m b/stim/matlab/rtsMonteCarloSphere.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d80b0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsMonteCarloSphere.m
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+function S = rtsMonteCarloSphere(sqrtN, startAngle, endAngle)
+
+%allocate space for the samples
+S = zeros(sqrtN^2, 2);
+
+if sqrtN == 1
+    S = [0 0];
+    return;
+end
+cosStart = cos(startAngle);
+cosEnd = cos(endAngle);
+
+i=1; % array index
+oneoverN = 1.0/sqrtN;
+for a = 0:sqrtN-1
+    for b = 0:sqrtN-1
+        %generate unbiased distribution of spherical coords
+        U1 = rand(1, 1);
+        U2 = rand(1, 1);
+        %x = 1.0 - (a + U1) * oneoverN * (1.0 - cosEnd)
+        x = cosStart - (a + U1) * oneoverN * (1.0 - cosEnd);
+        y = (b + U2) * oneoverN;
+        theta = acos(x);
+        phi = 2.0 * pi * y;
+        S(i, 1) = theta;
+        S(i, 2) = phi;
+        i = i+1;
+    end
+end
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsOffsetPlots.m b/stim/matlab/rtsOffsetPlots.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3e7e84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsOffsetPlots.m
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function R = rtsOffsetPlots(D, s)
+%This function offsets a series of plots in D by intervals of s
+%R = the resulting offset data
+%D = the data as a 2D matrix
+%s = the interval used as an offset
+
+ nPlots = size(D, 2);
+ 
+ offsetMat = repmat(1:nPlots, size(D, 1), 1) * s;
+ 
+ R = D + offsetMat;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsRAW2Images.m b/stim/matlab/rtsRAW2Images.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eea8065
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsRAW2Images.m
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+function rtsRAW2Images(source, destination_directory)
+
+for i=1:size(source, 3)
+    filename = [destination_directory '\' rtsInt2Str(i, 4) '.bmp'];
+    imwrite(source(:, :, i)', filename);
+    disp(filename);
+end
+    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsROC.m b/stim/matlab/rtsROC.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82721b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsROC.m
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+function [ROC, AUC, T] = rtsROC(thresholds, class)
+
+%Computes the ROC curves given a set of thresholds and class assignments
+% class = boolean array describing actual class membership
+% thresholds = threshold values for class assignment
+% ROC = ROC curve as column vectors (1 = 1-specificity, 2 = sensitivity)
+% AUC = area under the ROC curve computed using the trapezoid method
+% T = threshold values associated with each 1-specificity value
+
+nValues = length(thresholds);
+ROC = zeros(nValues, 2);
+
+%sort both arrays
+[T, ix] = sort(thresholds, 'descend');
+C = class(ix);
+
+%compute the necessary global values
+P = nnz(class);
+N = nValues - P;
+
+for i = 1:nValues
+    TP = nnz(C(1:i));
+    sensitivity = TP/P;
+    
+    FP = i - TP;
+    FPR = FP/N;
+    specificity = 1 - FPR;
+    
+    ROC(i, 1) = 1 - specificity;
+    ROC(i, 2) = sensitivity;
+end
+
+AUC = trapz(ROC(:, 1), ROC(:, 2));
+    
+    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsRandomizeMask.m b/stim/matlab/rtsRandomizeMask.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62866d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsRandomizeMask.m
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+function R = rtsRandomizeMask(mask, N)
+
+%error checking
+if N > nnz(mask)
+    N = nnz(mask);
+end
+
+if N < 0
+    N = 0;
+end
+
+%get the indices of all nonzero values in the mask
+ind = find(mask);
+
+%randomize the indices
+rind = ind(randperm(size(ind, 1)));
+
+%create the new randomized mask (random subset of the old mask)
+R = zeros(size(mask));
+R(rind(1:N)) = 1;
+
+R = R > 0;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/matlab/rtsSaveRAW.m b/stim/matlab/rtsSaveRAW.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..042b5e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/rtsSaveRAW.m
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+function rtsSaveRAW(data, filename, type, endian)
+%Loads a RAW image file.
+%LoadRAW(filename, x, y, z, c, type) returns a [CxXxYxZ] array representing
+%RAW data loaded from disk. 'type' defines the data type to be loaded (ex.
+%'uint8'. 'endian' defines the byte order: 'b' = big endian, 'l' = little
+%endian.
+
+file_id = fopen(filename, 'w', endian);
+vol = zeros(size(data, 1), size(data, 2), size(data, 3), size(data, 4));
+vol(:) = fwrite(file_id, data, type);
+fclose(file_id);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/matlab/stimBrewerColormap.m b/stim/matlab/stimBrewerColormap.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34568a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/matlab/stimBrewerColormap.m
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+function result = stimBrewerColormap(R)
+
+%returns a Brewer colormap with the specified resolution R
+
+ctrlPts = zeros(11, 3);
+
+ctrlPts(1, :) = [0.192157, 0.211765, 0.584314];
+ctrlPts(2, :) = [0.270588, 0.458824, 0.705882];
+ctrlPts(3, :) = [0.454902, 0.678431, 0.819608];
+ctrlPts(4, :) = [0.670588, 0.85098, 0.913725];
+ctrlPts(5, :) = [0.878431, 0.952941, 0.972549];
+ctrlPts(6, :) = [1, 1, 0.74902];
+ctrlPts(7, :) = [0.996078, 0.878431, 0.564706];
+ctrlPts(8, :) = [0.992157, 0.682353, 0.380392];
+ctrlPts(9, :) = [0.956863, 0.427451, 0.262745];
+ctrlPts(10, :) = [0.843137, 0.188235, 0.152941];
+ctrlPts(11, :) = [0.647059, 0, 0.14902];
+
+X = 1:11;
+
+r = 1:11/R:11;
+
+R = interp1(X, ctrlPts(:, 1), r);
+G = interp1(X, ctrlPts(:, 2), r);
+B = interp1(X, ctrlPts(:, 3), r);
+
+result = [R' G' B'];
+
diff --git a/stim/optics/beam.h b/stim/optics/beam.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8587bb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/optics/beam.h
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+#ifndef RTS_BEAM
+#define RTS_BEAM
+
+#include "../math/vector.h"
+#include "../math/function.h"
+#include "../optics/planewave.h"
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace stim{
+
+template<typename P>
+class beam : public planewave<P>
+{
+public:
+	enum beam_type {Uniform, Bartlett, Hamming, Hanning};
+
+private:
+	
+	P _na[2];		//numerical aperature of the focusing optics	
+	vec<P> f;		//focal point	
+	function<P, P> apod;	//apodization function
+	unsigned int apod_res;	//resolution of apodization filter functions
+
+	void apod_uniform()
+	{
+		apod = (P)1;
+	}
+	void apod_bartlett()
+	{
+		apod = (P)1;
+		apod.insert((P)1, (P)0);
+	}
+	void apod_hanning()
+	{
+		apod = (P)0;
+		P x, y;
+		for(unsigned int n=0; n<apod_res; n++)
+		{
+			x = (P)n/(P)apod_res;
+			y = pow( cos( ((P)3.14159 * x) / 2 ), 2);
+			apod.insert(x, y);
+		}
+	}
+	void apod_hamming()
+	{
+		apod = (P)0;
+		P x, y;
+		for(unsigned int n=0; n<apod_res; n++)
+		{
+			x = (P)n/(P)apod_res;
+			y = (P)27/(P)50 + ( (P)23/(P)50 ) * cos((P)3.14159 * x);
+			apod.insert(x, y);
+		}
+	}
+
+	void set_apod(beam_type type)
+	{
+		if(type == Uniform)
+			apod_uniform();
+		if(type == Bartlett)
+			apod_bartlett();
+		if(type == Hanning)
+			apod_hanning();
+		if(type == Hamming)
+			apod_hamming();
+	}
+
+public:
+
+	///constructor: build a default beam (NA=1.0)
+	beam(
+		vec<P> k = rts::vec<P>(0, 0, rtsTAU), 
+		vec<P> _E0 = rts::vec<P>(1, 0, 0), 
+		beam_type _apod = Uniform)
+		: planewave<P>(k, _E0)
+	{
+		_na[0] = (P)0.0;
+		_na[1] = (P)1.0;
+		f = vec<P>( (P)0, (P)0, (P)0 );
+		apod_res = 256;						//set the default resolution for apodization filters
+		set_apod(_apod);						//set the apodization function type
+	}
+
+	beam<P> refract(rts::vec<P> kn) const{
+
+		beam<P> new_beam;
+		new_beam._na[0] = _na[0];
+		new_beam._na[1] = _na[1];
+
+
+		rts::planewave<P> pw = planewave<P>::bend(kn);
+		//std::cout<<pw.str()<<std::endl;
+
+		new_beam.k = pw.kvec();
+		new_beam.E0 = pw.E();
+
+		return new_beam;
+	}
+
+	///Numerical Aperature functions
+	void NA(P na)
+	{
+		_na[0] = (P)0;
+		_na[1] = na;
+	}
+	void NA(P na0, P na1)
+	{
+		_na[0] = na0;
+		_na[1] = na1;
+	}
+
+	/*string str() : 
+	{
+		stringstream ss;
+		ss<<"Beam Center: "<<k<<std::endl;
+
+		return ss.str();
+	}*/
+
+	//Monte-Carlo decomposition into plane waves
+	std::vector< planewave<P> > mc(unsigned int N = 100000, unsigned int seed = 0) const
+	{
+		/*Create Monte-Carlo samples of a cassegrain objective by performing uniform sampling
+			of a sphere and projecting these samples onto an inscribed sphere.
+
+			seed	=	seed for the random number generator
+		*/
+		srand(seed);		//seed the random number generator
+
+		vec<P> k_hat = beam::k.norm();
+
+		///compute the rotation operator to transform (0, 0, 1) to k
+		P cos_angle = k_hat.dot(rts::vec<P>(0, 0, 1));
+		rts::matrix<P, 3> rotation;
+
+		//if the cosine of the angle is -1, the rotation is just a flip across the z axis
+		if(cos_angle == -1){
+			rotation(2, 2) = -1;
+		}
+		else if(cos_angle != 1.0)
+		{
+			rts::vec<P> r_axis = rts::vec<P>(0, 0, 1).cross(k_hat).norm();	//compute the axis of rotation
+			P angle = acos(cos_angle);							//compute the angle of rotation
+			rts::quaternion<P> quat;							//create a quaternion describing the rotation
+			quat.CreateRotation(angle, r_axis);
+			rotation = quat.toMatrix3();							//compute the rotation matrix
+		}
+
+		//find the phi values associated with the cassegrain ring
+		P PHI[2];
+		PHI[0] = (P)asin(_na[0]);
+		PHI[1] = (P)asin(_na[1]);
+
+		//calculate the z-axis cylinder coordinates associated with these angles
+		P Z[2];
+		Z[0] = cos(PHI[0]);
+		Z[1] = cos(PHI[1]);
+		P range = Z[0] - Z[1];
+
+		std::vector< planewave<P> > samples;	//create a vector of plane waves
+
+		//draw a distribution of random phi, z values
+		P z, phi, theta;
+		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)								//for each sample
+		{
+			z = ((P)rand() / (P)RAND_MAX) * range + Z[1];	//find a random position on the surface of a cylinder
+			theta = ((P)rand() / (P)RAND_MAX) * 2 * (P)3.14159;
+			phi = acos(z);									//project onto the sphere, computing phi in spherical coordinates
+
+			//compute and store cartesian coordinates
+			rts::vec<P> spherical(1, theta, phi);				//convert from spherical to cartesian coordinates
+			rts::vec<P> cart = spherical.sph2cart();
+			vec<P> k_prime = rotation * cart;				//create a sample vector
+
+			//store a wave refracted along the given direction
+			//std::cout<<"k prime: "<<rotation<<std::endl;
+			samples.push_back(planewave<P>::refract(k_prime) * apod(phi/PHI[1]));
+		}
+
+		return samples;
+	}
+
+	std::string str()
+	{
+		std::stringstream ss;
+		ss<<"Beam:"<<std::endl;
+		//ss<<"	Central Plane Wave: "<<beam::E0<<" e^i ( "<<beam::k<<" . r )"<<std::endl;
+		ss<<"	Central Plane Wave: "<<beam::k<<std::endl;
+		if(_na[0] == 0)
+			ss<<"	NA: "<<_na[1];
+		else
+			ss<<"	NA: "<<_na[0]<<" -- "<<_na[1];
+
+		return ss.str();
+	}
+
+
+
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/optics/efield.cuh b/stim/optics/efield.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5002478
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/optics/efield.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+#ifndef	RTS_EFIELD
+#define RTS_EFIELD
+
+#include "../math/complex.h"
+#include "../math/realfield.cuh"
+#include "../visualization/colormap.h"
+#include "../optics/planewave.h"
+#include "../cuda/devices.h"
+#include "../optics/beam.h"
+#include "../math/rect.h"
+
+
+namespace stim{
+
+template<typename T>
+__global__ void gpu_planewave2efield(complex<T>* X, complex<T>* Y, complex<T>* Z, unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1, 
+									 planewave<T> w, rect<T> q)
+{
+    int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+    int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
+
+    //make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
+    if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
+
+    //compute the index into the field
+    int i = iv*r0 + iu;
+
+	//get the current position
+	vec<T> p = q( (T)iu/(T)r0, (T)iv/(T)r1 );
+	vec<T> r(p[0], p[1], p[2]);
+
+	complex<T> x( 0.0f, w.k.dot(r) );
+
+    if(Y == NULL)                       //if this is a scalar simulation
+        X[i] += w.E0.len() * exp(x);    //use the vector magnitude as the plane wave amplitude
+    else
+    {
+        X[i] += w.E0[0] * exp(x);
+        Y[i] += w.E0[1] * exp(x);
+        Z[i] += w.E0[2] * exp(x);
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+__global__ void gpu_efield_magnitude(complex<T>* X, complex<T>* Y, complex<T>* Z, unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1, T* M)
+{
+	int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+    int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
+
+    //make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
+    if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
+
+    //compute the index into the field
+    int i = iv*r0 + iu;
+
+    if(Y == NULL)                      //if this is a scalar simulation
+	   M[i] = X[i].abs();              //compute the magnitude of the X component
+    else
+    {
+        M[i] = rts::vec<T>(X[i].abs(), Y[i].abs(), Z[i].abs()).len();
+        //M[i] = Z[i].abs();
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+__global__ void gpu_efield_real_magnitude(complex<T>* X, complex<T>* Y, complex<T>* Z, unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1, T* M)
+{
+    int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+    int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
+
+    //make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
+    if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
+
+    //compute the index into the field
+    int i = iv*r0 + iu;
+
+    if(Y == NULL)                      //if this is a scalar simulation
+       M[i] = X[i].abs();              //compute the magnitude of the X component
+    else
+    {
+        M[i] = rts::vec<T>(X[i].real(), Y[i].real(), Z[i].real()).len();
+        //M[i] = Z[i].abs();
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+__global__ void gpu_efield_polarization(complex<T>* X, complex<T>* Y, complex<T>* Z, 
+                                        unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1,
+                                        T* Px, T* Py, T* Pz)
+{
+    int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+    int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
+
+    //make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
+    if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
+
+    //compute the index into the field
+    int i = iv*r0 + iu;
+
+    //compute the field polarization
+    Px[i] = X[i].abs();
+    Py[i] = Y[i].abs();
+    Pz[i] = Z[i].abs();
+
+}
+
+/*	This function computes the sum of two complex fields and stores the result in *dest
+*/
+template<typename T>
+__global__ void gpu_efield_sum(complex<T>* dest, complex<T>* src, unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1)
+{
+	int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+    int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
+
+    //make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
+    if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
+
+    //compute the index into the field
+    int i = iv*r0 + iu;
+
+    //sum the fields
+    dest[i] += src[i];
+}
+
+/*  This class implements a discrete representation of an electromagnetic field
+    in 2D. The majority of this representation is done on the GPU.
+*/
+template<typename T>
+class efield
+{
+protected:
+
+    bool vector;
+
+    //gpu pointer to the field data
+    rts::complex<T>* X;
+    rts::complex<T>* Y;
+    rts::complex<T>* Z;
+
+    //resolution of the discrete field
+    unsigned int R[2];
+
+    //shape of the 2D field
+    rect<T> pos;
+
+	void from_planewave(planewave<T> p)
+	{
+        unsigned int SQRT_BLOCK = 16;
+        //create one thread for each detector pixel
+        dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
+        dim3 dimGrid((R[0] + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (R[1] + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
+        
+
+        gpu_planewave2efield<T> <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (X, Y, Z, R[0], R[1], p, pos);
+    }
+
+    void init(unsigned int res0, unsigned int res1, bool _vector)
+    {
+    	vector = _vector;           //initialize field type
+        
+        X = Y = Z = NULL;           //initialize all pointers to NULL
+        R[0] = res0;
+        R[1] = res1;
+
+        //allocate memory on the gpu
+        cudaMalloc(&X, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
+		cudaMemset(X, 0, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
+
+        if(vector)
+        {
+            cudaMalloc(&Y, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
+			cudaMemset(Y, 0, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
+
+            cudaMalloc(&Z, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
+			cudaMemset(Z, 0, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void destroy()
+    {
+		if(X != NULL) cudaFree(X);
+		if(Y != NULL) cudaFree(Y);
+		if(Z != NULL) cudaFree(Z);
+    }
+
+    void shallowcpy(const rts::efield<T> & src)
+    {
+    	vector = src.vector;
+    	R[0] = src.R[0];
+    	R[1] = src.R[1];
+    }
+
+    void deepcpy(const rts::efield<T> & src)
+    {
+    	//perform a shallow copy
+    	shallowcpy(src);
+
+    	//allocate memory on the gpu
+    	if(src.X != NULL)
+    	{
+    		cudaMalloc(&X, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
+    		cudaMemcpy(X, src.X, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1], cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice);
+    	}
+    	if(src.Y != NULL)
+    	{
+    		cudaMalloc(&Y, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
+    		cudaMemcpy(Y, src.Y, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1], cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice);
+    	}
+    	if(src.Z != NULL)
+    	{
+    		cudaMalloc(&Z, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
+    		cudaMemcpy(Z, src.Z, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1], cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice);
+    	}
+    }
+
+public:
+    efield(unsigned int res0, unsigned int res1, bool _vector = true)
+    {
+        init(res0, res1, _vector);
+        //pos = rts::rect<T>(rts::vec<T>(-10, 0, -10), rts::vec<T>(-10, 0, 10), rts::vec<T>(10, 0, 10));
+    }
+
+    //destructor
+    ~efield()
+    {
+    	destroy();
+    }
+
+    ///Clear the field - set all points to zero
+    void clear()
+    {
+        cudaMemset(X, 0, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
+
+        if(vector)
+        {
+            cudaMemset(Y, 0, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
+            cudaMemset(Z, 0, sizeof(rts::complex<T>) * R[0] * R[1]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void position(rect<T> _p)
+    {
+        pos = _p;
+    }
+
+    //access functions
+    complex<T>* x(){
+        return X;
+    }
+    complex<T>* y(){
+        return Y;
+    }
+    complex<T>* z(){
+        return Z;
+    }
+    unsigned int Ru(){
+        return R[0];
+    }
+    unsigned int Rv(){
+        return R[1];
+    }
+    rect<T> p(){
+        return pos;
+    }
+
+    std::string str()
+    {
+        stringstream ss;
+        ss<<pos<<std::endl;
+        ss<<"X: "<<X<<std::endl;
+        ss<<"Y: "<<Y<<std::endl;
+        ss<<"Z: "<<Z;
+
+        return ss.str();
+    }
+
+    //assignment operator: assignment from another electric field
+    efield<T> & operator= (const efield<T> & rhs)
+    {
+    	destroy();				//destroy any previous information about this field
+    	deepcpy(rhs);			//create a deep copy
+    	return *this;			//return the current object
+    }
+
+    //assignment operator: build an electric field from a plane wave
+    efield<T> & operator= (const planewave<T> & rhs)
+	{
+		
+		clear();				//clear any previous field data
+		from_planewave(rhs);	//create a field from the planewave
+		return *this;			//return the current object
+	}
+
+	//assignment operator: add an existing electric field
+	efield<T> & operator+= (const efield<T> & rhs)
+	{
+		//if this field and the source field represent the same regions in space
+		if(R[0] == rhs.R[0] && R[1] == rhs.R[1] && pos == rhs.pos)
+		{
+			int maxThreads = rts::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
+			int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
+
+			//create one thread for each detector pixel
+			dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
+			dim3 dimGrid((R[0] + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (R[1] + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
+
+			//sum the fields
+			gpu_efield_sum <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (X, rhs.X, R[0], R[1]);
+			if(Y != NULL)
+			{
+				gpu_efield_sum <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (Y, rhs.Y, R[0], R[1]);
+				gpu_efield_sum <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (Z, rhs.Z, R[0], R[1]);
+			}
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			std::cout<<"ERROR in efield: The two summed fields do not represent the same geometry."<<std::endl;
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		return *this;		//return this object
+	}
+
+    //assignment operator: build an electric field from a beam
+    efield<T> & operator= (const rts::beam<T> & rhs)
+    {
+        //get a vector of monte-carlo samples
+        std::vector< rts::planewave<T> > p_list = rhs.mc();
+
+        clear();                //clear any previous field data
+        for(unsigned int i = 0; i < p_list.size(); i++)
+            from_planewave(p_list[i]);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+
+	//return a scalar field representing field magnitude
+    realfield<T, 1, true> mag()
+    {
+		int maxThreads = rts::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
+		int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
+
+		//create a scalar field to store the result
+		realfield<T, 1, true> M(R[0], R[1]);
+
+		//create one thread for each detector pixel
+		dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
+		dim3 dimGrid((R[0] + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (R[1] + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
+
+		//compute the magnitude and store it in a scalar field
+		gpu_efield_magnitude<float> <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (X, Y, Z, R[0], R[1], M.ptr(0));
+
+		return M;
+    }
+
+    //return a sacalar field representing the field magnitude at an infinitely small point in time
+    realfield<T, 1, true> real_mag()
+    {
+        int maxThreads = rts::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
+        int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
+
+        //create a scalar field to store the result
+        realfield<T, 1, true> M(R[0], R[1]);
+
+        //create one thread for each detector pixel
+        dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
+        dim3 dimGrid((R[0] + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (R[1] + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
+
+        //compute the magnitude and store it in a scalar field
+        gpu_efield_real_magnitude<float> <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (X, Y, Z, R[0], R[1], M.ptr(0));
+
+        return M;
+    }
+
+    //return a vector field representing field polarization
+    realfield<T, 3, true> polarization()
+    {
+        if(!vector)
+        {
+            std::cout<<"ERROR: Cannot compute polarization of a scalar field."<<std::endl;
+            exit(1);
+        }
+        int maxThreads = rts::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
+        int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);        
+
+        //create one thread for each detector pixel
+        dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
+        dim3 dimGrid((R[0] + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (R[1] + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
+
+        
+        realfield<T, 3, true> Pol(R[0], R[1]);     //create a vector field to store the result
+
+        //compute the polarization and store it in the vector field
+        gpu_efield_polarization<float> <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (X, Y, Z, R[0], R[1], Pol.ptr(0), Pol.ptr(1), Pol.ptr(2));
+
+        return Pol;                         //return the vector field
+    }
+
+    ////////FRIENDSHIP
+    //friend void operator<< <T>(rts::efield<T> &ef, rts::halfspace<T> hs);
+
+
+};
+
+
+
+}   //end namespace rts
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/optics/esphere.cuh b/stim/optics/esphere.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b5a559
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/optics/esphere.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+#ifndef RTS_ESPHERE
+#define RTS_ESPHERE
+
+#include "../math/complex.h"
+#include "../math/bessel.h"
+#include "../visualization/colormap.h"
+#include "../optics/planewave.h"
+#include "../cuda/devices.h"
+#include "../optics/efield.cuh"
+
+namespace stim{
+
+/*  This class implements a discrete representation of an electromagnetic field
+    in 2D scattered by a sphere. This class implements Mie scattering.
+*/
+template<typename P>
+class esphere : public efield<P>
+{
+private:
+	stim::complex<P> n;		//sphere refractive index
+	P a;					//sphere radius
+
+	//parameters dependent on wavelength
+	unsigned int Nl;		//number of orders for the calculation
+	rts::complex<P>* A;		//internal scattering coefficients
+	rts::complex<P>* B;		//external scattering coefficients
+
+	void calcNl(P kmag)
+	{
+        //return ceil( ((P)6.282 * a) / lambda + 4 * pow( ((P)6.282 * a) / lambda, ((P)1/(P)3)) + 2);
+		Nl = ceil( kmag*a + 4 * pow(kmag * a, (P)1/(P)3) + 2);
+	}
+
+	void calcAB(P k, unsigned int Nl, rts::complex<P>* A, rts::complex<P>* B)
+	{
+		/*  These calculations require double precision, so they are computed
+			using doubles and converted to P at the end.
+
+			Input:
+
+			k	=	magnitude of the k vector (tau/lambda)
+			Nl	=	highest order coefficient ([0 Nl] are computed)
+		*/
+
+		//clear the previous coefficients
+		rts::complex<P>* cpuA = (rts::complex<P>*)malloc(sizeof(rts::complex<P>) * (Nl+1));
+		rts::complex<P>* cpuB = (rts::complex<P>*)malloc(sizeof(rts::complex<P>) * (Nl+1));
+
+		//convert to an std complex value
+		complex<double> nc = (rts::complex<double>)n;
+
+		//compute the magnitude of the k vector
+		complex<double> kna = nc * k * (double)a;
+
+		//compute the arguments k*a and k*n*a
+		complex<double> ka(k * a, 0.0);
+
+		//allocate space for the Bessel functions of the first and second kind (and derivatives)
+		unsigned int bytes = sizeof(complex<double>) * (Nl + 1);
+		complex<double>* cjv_ka = (complex<double>*)malloc(bytes);
+		complex<double>* cyv_ka = (complex<double>*)malloc(bytes);
+		complex<double>* cjvp_ka = (complex<double>*)malloc(bytes);
+		complex<double>* cyvp_ka = (complex<double>*)malloc(bytes);
+		complex<double>* cjv_kna = (complex<double>*)malloc(bytes);
+		complex<double>* cyv_kna = (complex<double>*)malloc(bytes);
+		complex<double>* cjvp_kna = (complex<double>*)malloc(bytes);
+		complex<double>* cyvp_kna = (complex<double>*)malloc(bytes);
+
+		//allocate space for the spherical Hankel functions and derivative
+		complex<double>* chv_ka = (complex<double>*)malloc(bytes);
+		complex<double>* chvp_ka = (complex<double>*)malloc(bytes);
+
+		//compute the bessel functions using the CPU-based algorithm
+		double vm;
+		cbessjyva_sph(Nl, ka, vm, cjv_ka, cyv_ka, cjvp_ka, cyvp_ka);
+		cbessjyva_sph(Nl, kna, vm, cjv_kna, cyv_kna, cjvp_kna, cyvp_kna);
+
+		//compute A for each order
+		complex<double> i(0, 1);
+		complex<double> a, b, c, d;
+		complex<double> An, Bn;
+		for(int l=0; l<=Nl; l++)
+		{
+			//compute the Hankel functions from j and y
+			chv_ka[l] = cjv_ka[l] + i * cyv_ka[l];
+			chvp_ka[l] = cjvp_ka[l] + i * cyvp_ka[l];
+
+			//Compute A (internal scattering coefficient)
+			//compute the numerator and denominator for A
+			a = cjv_ka[l] * chvp_ka[l] - cjvp_ka[l] * chv_ka[l];
+			b = cjv_kna[l] * chvp_ka[l] - chv_ka[l] * cjvp_kna[l] * nc;
+
+			//calculate A and add it to the list
+			rts::complex<double> An = (2.0 * l + 1.0) * pow(i, l) * (a / b);
+			cpuA[l] = (rts::complex<P>)An;
+
+			//Compute B (external scattering coefficient)
+			c = cjv_ka[l] * cjvp_kna[l] * nc - cjv_kna[l] * cjvp_ka[l];
+			d = cjv_kna[l] * chvp_ka[l] - chv_ka[l] * cjvp_kna[l] * nc;
+
+			//calculate B and add it to the list
+			rts::complex<double> Bn = (2.0 * l + 1.0) * pow(i, l) * (c / d);
+			cpuB[l] = (rts::complex<P>)Bn;
+
+			std::cout<<"A: "<<cpuA[l]<<"     B: "<<cpuB[l]<<std::endl;
+		}
+
+		
+		if(A != NULL)	cudaFree(A);	//free any previous coefficients
+		if(B != NULL)	cudaFree(B);
+		cudaMalloc(&A, sizeof(rts::complex<P>) * (Nl+1));	//allocate memory for new coefficients
+		cudaMalloc(&B, sizeof(rts::complex<P>) * (Nl+1));
+
+		//copy the calculations from the CPU to the GPU
+		cudaMemcpy(A, cpuA, sizeof(rts::complex<P>) * (Nl+1), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
+		cudaMemcpy(B, cpuB, sizeof(rts::complex<P>) * (Nl+1), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
+	}
+
+public:
+
+	esphere(unsigned int res0, unsigned int res1, P _a, rts::complex<P> _n, bool _scalar = false) :
+		efield<P>(res0, res1, _scalar)
+	{
+		std::cout<<"Sphere scattered field created."<<std::endl;
+		n = _n;		//save the refractive index
+		a = _a;		//save the radius
+	}
+
+	//assignment operator: build an electric field from a plane wave
+    efield<P> & operator= (const planewave<P> & rhs)
+	{
+		calcNl(rhs.kmag());		//compute the number of scattering coefficients
+		std::cout<<"Nl: "<<Nl<<std::endl;
+		calcAB(rhs.kmag(), Nl, A, B);	//compute the scattering coefficients
+
+		//determine important parameters for the scattering domain
+		unsigned int sR = ceil(sqrt( (P)(pow((P)esphere::R[0],2) + pow((P)esphere::R[1],2))) );
+		//unsigned int thetaR = 256;
+
+		/////////////////////continue scattering code here/////////////////////////
+
+		esphere::clear();				//clear any previous field data
+		from_planewave(rhs);	//create a field from the planewave
+		return *this;			//return the current object
+	}
+
+	string str()
+	{
+		stringstream ss;
+		ss<<"Mie Scattered Field"<<std::endl;
+		ss<<(*this).efield<P>::str()<<std::endl;
+		ss<<"a = "<<a<<std::endl;
+		ss<<"n = "<<n;
+
+		return ss.str();
+	}
+
+};
+
+}	//end namespace rts
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/optics/halfspace.cuh b/stim/optics/halfspace.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0905ce1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/optics/halfspace.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+#ifndef	RTS_HALFSPACE_H
+#define	RTS_HALFSPACE_H
+
+#include "../math/plane.h"
+
+
+namespace stim{
+
+//GPU kernel to compute the electric field
+template<typename T>
+__global__ void gpu_halfspace_pw2ef(complex<T>* X, complex<T>* Y, complex<T>* Z, unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1, 
+									 plane<T> P, planewave<T> w, rect<T> q, bool at_surface = false)
+{
+    int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+    int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
+
+    //make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
+    if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
+
+    //compute the index into the field
+    int i = iv*r0 + iu;
+
+	//get the current position
+	vec<T> p = q( (T)iu/(T)r0, (T)iv/(T)r1 );
+
+	if(at_surface){
+		if(P.side(p) > 0)
+			return;
+	}
+	else{
+		if(P.side(p) >= 0)
+			return;
+	}
+
+	//if the current position is on the wrong side of the plane
+
+	//vec<T> r(p[0], p[1], p[2]);
+
+	complex<T> x( 0.0f, w.kvec().dot(p) );
+	//complex<T> phase( 0.0f, w.phase());
+
+    if(Y == NULL)                       //if this is a scalar simulation
+        X[i] += w.E().len() * exp(x);    //use the vector magnitude as the plane wave amplitude
+    else
+    {
+    	//X[i] = Y[i] = Z[i] = 1;
+        X[i] += w.E()[0] * exp(x);// * exp(phase);
+        Y[i] += w.E()[1] * exp(x);// * exp(phase);
+        Z[i] += w.E()[2] * exp(x);// * exp(phase);
+    }
+}
+
+//GPU kernel to compute the electric displacement field
+template<typename T>
+__global__ void gpu_halfspace_pw2df(complex<T>* X, complex<T>* Y, complex<T>* Z, unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1, 
+									 plane<T> P, planewave<T> w, rect<T> q, T n, bool at_surface = false)
+{
+    int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+    int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
+
+    //make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
+    if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
+
+    //compute the index into the field
+    int i = iv*r0 + iu;
+
+	//get the current position
+	vec<T> p = q( (T)iu/(T)r0, (T)iv/(T)r1 );
+
+	if(at_surface){
+		if(P.side(p) > 0)
+			return;
+	}
+	else{
+		if(P.side(p) >= 0)
+			return;
+	}
+
+	//if the current position is on the wrong side of the plane
+
+	//vec<T> r(p[0], p[1], p[2]);
+
+	complex<T> x( 0.0f, w.kvec().dot(p) );
+	//complex<T> phase( 0.0f, w.phase());
+
+	//vec< complex<T> > testE(1, 0, 0);
+
+	
+
+    if(Y == NULL)                       //if this is a scalar simulation
+        X[i] += w.E().len() * exp(x);    //use the vector magnitude as the plane wave amplitude
+    else
+    {
+    	plane< complex<T> > cplane = plane< complex<T>, 3>(P);
+    	vec< complex<T> > E_para;// = cplane.parallel(w.E());
+		vec< complex<T> > E_perp;// = cplane.perpendicular(w.E()) * (n*n);
+		cplane.decompose(w.E(), E_para, E_perp);
+		T epsilon = n*n;
+
+        X[i] += (E_para[0] + E_perp[0] * epsilon) * exp(x);
+        Y[i] += (E_para[1] + E_perp[1] * epsilon) * exp(x);
+        Z[i] += (E_para[2] + E_perp[2] * epsilon) * exp(x);
+    }
+}
+
+//computes a scalar field containing the refractive index of the half-space at each point
+template<typename T>
+__global__ void gpu_halfspace_n(T* n, unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1, rect<T> q, plane<T> P, T n0, T n1){
+
+	int iu = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+    int iv = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
+
+    //make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
+    if(iu >= r0 || iv >= r1) return;
+
+    //compute the index into the field
+    int i = iv*r0 + iu;
+
+	//get the current position
+	vec<T> p = q( (T)iu/(T)r0, (T)iv/(T)r1 );
+
+	//set the appropriate refractive index
+	if(P.side(p) < 0) n[i] = n0;
+	else n[i] = n1;
+}
+
+template<class T>
+class halfspace
+{
+private:
+	rts::plane<T> S;		//surface plane splitting the half space
+	rts::complex<T> n0;		//refractive index at the front of the plane
+	rts::complex<T> n1;		//refractive index at the back of the plane
+
+	//lists of waves in front (pw0) and behind (pw1) the plane
+	std::vector< rts::planewave<T> > w0;
+	std::vector< rts::planewave<T> > w1;
+
+	//rts::planewave<T> pi;	//incident plane wave
+	//rts::planewave<T> pr;	//plane wave reflected from the surface
+	//rts::planewave<T> pt;	//plane wave transmitted through the surface
+
+	void init(){
+		n0 = 1.0;
+		n1 = 1.5;
+	}
+
+	//compute which side of the interface is hit by the incoming plane wave (0 = front, 1 = back)
+	bool facing(planewave<T> p){
+		if(p.kvec().dot(S.norm()) > 0)
+			return 1;
+		else
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	T calc_theta_i(vec<T> v){
+
+		vec<T> v_hat = v.norm();
+
+		//compute the cosine of the angle between k_hat and the plane normal
+		T cos_theta_i = v_hat.dot(S.norm());
+
+		return acos(abs(cos_theta_i));
+	}
+
+	T calc_theta_t(T ni_nt, T theta_i){
+
+		T sin_theta_t = ni_nt * sin(theta_i);
+		return asin(sin_theta_t);
+	}
+
+
+public:
+
+	//constructors
+	halfspace(){
+		init();
+	}
+
+	halfspace(T na, T nb){
+		init();
+		n0 = na;
+		n1 = nb;
+	}
+
+	halfspace(T na, T nb, plane<T> p){
+		n0 = na;
+		n1 = nb;
+		S = p;
+	}
+
+	//compute the transmitted and reflective waves given the incident (vacuum) plane wave p
+	void incident(rts::planewave<T> p){
+
+		planewave<T> r, t;
+		p.scatter(S, n1.real()/n0.real(), r, t);
+
+		//std::cout<<"i+r: "<<p.r()[0] + r.r()[0]<<std::endl;
+		//std::cout<<"t:   "<<t.r()[0]<<std::endl;
+
+		if(facing(p)){
+			w1.push_back(p);
+
+			if(r.E().len() != 0)
+				w1.push_back(r);
+			if(t.E().len() != 0)
+				w0.push_back(t);
+		}
+		else{
+			w0.push_back(p);
+
+			if(r.E().len() != 0)
+				w0.push_back(r);
+			if(t.E().len() != 0)
+				w1.push_back(t);
+		}
+	}
+
+	void incident(rts::beam<T> b, unsigned int N = 10000){
+
+		//generate a plane wave decomposition for the beam
+		std::vector< planewave<T> > pw_list = b.mc(N);
+
+		//calculate the reflected and refracted waves for each incident wave
+		for(unsigned int w = 0; w < pw_list.size(); w++){
+			incident(pw_list[w]);
+		}
+	}
+
+	//return the electric field at the specified resolution and position
+	rts::efield<T> E(unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1, rect<T> R){
+		
+		int maxThreads = rts::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
+		int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
+
+		//create one thread for each detector pixel
+		dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
+		dim3 dimGrid((r0 + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (r1 + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
+
+		//create an electric field
+		rts::efield<T> ef(r0, r1);
+		ef.position(R);
+
+		//render each plane wave
+
+		//plane waves at the surface front
+		for(unsigned int w = 0; w < w0.size(); w++){
+			//std::cout<<"w0 "<<w<<": "<<hs.w0[w].str()<<std::endl;
+			rts::gpu_halfspace_pw2ef<T> <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (ef.x(), ef.y(), ef.z(), r0, r1, S, w0[w], ef.p());
+		}
+
+		//plane waves at the surface back
+		for(unsigned int w = 0; w < w1.size(); w++){
+			//std::cout<<"w1 "<<w<<": "<<hs.w1[w].str()<<std::endl;
+			rts::gpu_halfspace_pw2ef<T> <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (ef.x(), ef.y(), ef.z(), r0, r1, -S, w1[w], ef.p(), true);
+		}
+
+		return ef;
+	}
+
+	//return the electric displacement at the specified resolution and position
+	rts::efield<T> D(unsigned int r0, unsigned int r1, rect<T> R){
+
+		int maxThreads = rts::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
+		int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
+
+		//create one thread for each detector pixel
+		dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
+		dim3 dimGrid((r0 + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (r1 + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
+		
+		//create a complex vector field
+		rts::efield<T> df(r0, r1);
+		df.position(R);
+		
+		//render each plane wave
+
+		//plane waves at the surface front
+		for(unsigned int w = 0; w < w0.size(); w++){
+			//std::cout<<"w0 "<<w<<": "<<hs.w0[w].str()<<std::endl;
+			rts::gpu_halfspace_pw2df<T> <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (df.x(), df.y(), df.z(), r0, r1, S, w0[w], df.p(), n0.real());
+		}
+		
+		//plane waves at the surface back
+		for(unsigned int w = 0; w < w1.size(); w++){
+			//std::cout<<"w1 "<<w<<": "<<hs.w1[w].str()<<std::endl;
+			rts::gpu_halfspace_pw2df<T> <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (df.x(), df.y(), df.z(), r0, r1, -S, w1[w], df.p(), n1.real(), true);
+		}
+		
+		return df;
+	}
+
+	realfield<T, 1, true> nfield(unsigned int Ru, unsigned int Rv, rect<T> p){
+
+		int maxThreads = rts::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
+		int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
+
+		//create one thread for each detector pixel
+		dim3 dimBlock(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
+		dim3 dimGrid((Ru + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (Rv + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
+
+		realfield<T, 1, true> n(Ru, Rv);	//create a scalar field to store the result of n
+
+		rts::gpu_halfspace_n<T> <<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>> (n.ptr(), Ru, Rv, p, S, n0.real(), n1.real());
+
+		return n;
+	}
+
+	std::string str(){
+		std::stringstream ss;
+		ss<<"Half Space-------------"<<std::endl;
+		ss<<"n0: "<<n0<<std::endl;
+		ss<<"n1: "<<n1<<std::endl;
+		ss<<S.str();
+		
+
+		if(w0.size() != 0 || w1.size() != 0){
+			ss<<std::endl<<"Plane Waves:"<<std::endl;
+			for(unsigned int w = 0; w < w0.size(); w++){
+				ss<<"w0 = "<<w<<": "<<w0[w]<<std::endl;
+			}
+			for(unsigned int w = 0; w < w1.size(); w++){
+				ss<<"w1 = "<<w<<": "<<w1[w]<<std::endl;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return ss.str();
+	}
+	////////FRIENDSHIP
+    //friend void operator<< <> (rts::efield<T> &ef, rts::halfspace<T> hs);
+
+};
+
+
+
+
+}
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/optics/material.h b/stim/optics/material.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb97cd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/optics/material.h
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#ifndef RTS_MATERIAL_H
+#define RTS_MATERIAL_H
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <complex>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <sstream>
+#include "../math/complex.h"
+#include "../math/constants.h"
+#include "../math/function.h"
+
+namespace stim{
+
+//Material class - default representation for the material property is the refractive index (RI)
+template<typename T>
+class material : public function< T, complex<T> >{
+
+public:
+    enum wave_property{microns, inverse_cm};
+    enum material_property{ri, absorbance};
+
+private:
+
+    using function< T, complex<T> >::X;
+    using function< T, complex<T> >::Y;
+    using function< T, complex<T> >::insert;
+    using function< T, complex<T> >::bounding;
+
+    std::string name;	//name for the material (defaults to file name)
+
+    void process_header(std::string str, wave_property& wp, material_property& mp){
+
+    	std::stringstream ss(str);	//create a stream from the data string
+    	std::string line;
+    	std::getline(ss, line);		//get the first line as a string
+		while(line[0] == '#'){		//continue looping while the line is a comment
+
+			std::stringstream lstream(line);	//create a stream from the line
+			lstream.ignore();					//ignore the first character ('#')
+
+			std::string prop;		//get the property name
+			lstream>>prop;
+
+			if(prop == "X"){
+				std::string wp_name;
+				lstream>>wp_name;
+				if(wp_name == "microns") wp = microns;
+				else if(wp_name == "inverse_cm") wp = inverse_cm;
+			}
+			else if(prop == "Y"){
+				std::string mp_name;
+				lstream>>mp_name;
+				if(mp_name == "ri") mp = ri;
+				else if(mp_name == "absorbance") mp = absorbance;
+			}
+
+			std::getline(ss, line);		//get the next line
+		}
+
+		function< T, stim::complex<T> >::process_string(str);
+	}
+
+    void from_inverse_cm(){
+    	//convert inverse centimeters to wavelength (in microns)
+    	for(unsigned int i=0; i<X.size(); i++)
+    		X[i] = 10000 / X[i];
+
+    	//reverse the function array
+    	std::reverse(X.begin(), X.end());
+    	std::reverse(Y.begin(), Y.end());
+
+    }
+
+    void init(){
+    	bounding[0] = bounding[1] = stim::complex<T>(1, 0);
+    }
+
+
+public:
+
+    material(std::string filename, wave_property wp, material_property mp){
+    	name = filename;
+    	load(filename, wp, mp);
+    }
+
+    material(std::string filename){
+    	name = filename;
+    	load(filename);
+    }
+
+    material(){
+    	init();
+    }
+
+    complex<T> getN(T lambda){
+    	return function< T, complex<T> >::linear(lambda);
+    }
+
+    void load(std::string filename, wave_property wp, material_property mp){
+
+    	//load the file as a function
+    	function< T, complex<T> >::load(filename);
+    }
+
+    void load(std::string filename){
+
+    	wave_property wp = inverse_cm;
+    	material_property mp = ri;
+    	//turn the file into a string
+    	std::ifstream t(filename.c_str());	//open the file as a stream
+
+    	if(!t){
+    		std::cout<<"ERROR: Couldn't open the material file '"<<filename<<"'"<<std::endl;
+    		exit(1);
+    	}
+		std::string str((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(t)),
+		std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
+
+		//process the header information
+		process_header(str, wp, mp);
+
+		//convert units
+		if(wp == inverse_cm)
+			from_inverse_cm();
+		//set the bounding values
+		bounding[0] = Y[0];
+		bounding[1] = Y.back();
+    }
+    std::string str(){
+    	std::stringstream ss;
+    	ss<<name<<std::endl;
+    	ss<<function< T, complex<T> >::str();
+    	return ss.str();
+    }
+    std::string get_name(){
+    	return name;
+    }
+
+    void set_name(std::string str){
+    	name = str;
+    }
+
+};
+
+}
+
+
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/optics/mirst-1d.cuh b/stim/optics/mirst-1d.cuh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9279087
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/optics/mirst-1d.cuh
@@ -0,0 +1,447 @@
+#include "../optics/material.h"
+#include "../math/complexfield.cuh"
+#include "../math/constants.h"
+//#include "../envi/bil.h"
+
+#include "cufft.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace stim{
+
+//this function writes a sinc function to "dest" such that an iFFT produces a slab
+template<typename T>
+__global__ void gpu_mirst1d_layer_fft(complex<T>* dest, complex<T>* ri, 
+									  T* src, T* zf, 
+									  T w, unsigned int zR, unsigned int nuR){
+	//dest = complex field representing the sample
+	//ri = refractive indices for each wavelength
+	//src = intensity of the light source for each wavelength
+	//zf = z position of the slab interface for each wavelength (accounting for optical path length)
+	//w = width of the slab (in pixels)
+	//zR = number of z-axis samples
+	//nuR = number of wavelengths
+
+    //get the current coordinate in the plane slice
+	int ifz = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+	int inu = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
+
+	//make sure that the thread indices are in-bounds
+	if(inu >= nuR || ifz >= zR) return;
+
+	int i = inu * zR + ifz;
+
+    T fz;
+    if(ifz < zR/2)
+        fz = ifz / (T)zR;
+    else
+        fz = -(zR - ifz) / (T)zR;
+
+    //if the slab starts outside of the simulation domain, just return
+    if(zf[inu] >= zR) return;
+
+	//fill the array along z with a sinc function representing the Fourier transform of the layer
+
+	T opl = w * ri[inu].real();			//optical path length
+
+	//handle the case where the slab goes outside the simulation domain
+	if(zf[inu] + opl >= zR)
+		opl = zR - zf[inu];
+
+	if(opl == 0) return;
+
+	//T l = w * ri[inu].real();
+	//complex<T> e(0.0, -2 * PI * fz * (zf[inu] + zR/2 - l/2.0));
+	complex<T> e(0, -2 * stimPI * fz * (zf[inu] + opl/2));
+
+	complex<T> eta = ri[inu] * ri[inu] - 1;
+
+	//dest[i] = fz;//exp(e) * m[inu] * src[inu] * sin(PI * fz * l) / (PI * fz);
+	if(ifz == 0)
+        dest[i] += opl * exp(e) * eta * src[inu];
+    else
+        dest[i] += opl * exp(e) * eta * src[inu] * sin(stimPI * fz * opl) / (stimPI * fz * opl);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+__global__ void gpu_mirst1d_increment_z(T* zf, complex<T>* ri, T w, unsigned int S){
+	//zf = current z depth (optical path length) in pixels
+	//ri = refractive index of the material
+	//w = actual width of the layer (in pixels)
+
+
+	//compute the index for this thread
+	int i = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+	if(i >= S) return;
+
+	if(ri == NULL)
+		zf[i] += w;
+	else
+		zf[i] += ri[i].real() * w;
+}
+
+//apply the 1D MIRST filter to an existing sample (overwriting the sample)
+template<typename T>
+__global__ void gpu_mirst1d_apply_filter(complex<T>* sampleFFT, T* lambda, 
+								 T dFz,
+								 T inNA, T outNA, 
+								 unsigned int lambdaR, unsigned int zR, 
+								 T sigma = 0){
+	//sampleFFT = the sample in the Fourier domain (will be overwritten)
+	//lambda = list of wavelengths
+	//dFz = delta along the Fz axis in the frequency domain
+	//inNA = NA of the internal obscuration
+	//outNA = NA of the objective
+	//zR = number of pixels along the Fz axis (same as the z-axis)
+	//lambdaR = number of wavelengths
+	//sigma = width of the Gaussian source
+	int ifz = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+	int inu = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
+
+	if(inu >= lambdaR || ifz >= zR) return;
+
+	//calculate the index into the sample FT
+	int i = inu * zR + ifz;
+
+	//compute the frequency (and set all negative spatial frequencies to zero)
+	T fz;
+	if(ifz < zR / 2)
+	    fz = ifz * dFz;
+	//if the spatial frequency is negative, set it to zero and exit
+	else{
+	    sampleFFT[i] = 0;
+	    return;
+	}
+
+	//compute the frequency in inverse microns
+	T nu = 1/lambda[inu];
+
+	//determine the radius of the integration circle
+	T nu_sq = nu * nu;
+	T fz_sq = (fz * fz) / 4;
+
+	//cut off frequencies above the diffraction limit
+	T r;
+	if(fz_sq < nu_sq)
+	    r = sqrt(nu_sq - fz_sq);
+	else
+	    r = 0;
+
+	//account for the optics
+	T Q = 0;
+	if(r > nu * inNA && r < nu * outNA)
+	    Q = 1;
+
+	//account for the source
+	//T sigma = 30.0;
+	T s = exp( - (r*r * sigma*sigma) / 2 );
+	//T s=1;
+
+	//compute the final filter
+	T mirst = 0;
+	if(fz != 0)
+	    mirst = 2 * stimPI * r * s * Q * (1/fz);
+
+	sampleFFT[i] *= mirst;
+
+}
+
+/*This object performs a 1-dimensional (layered) MIRST simulation
+*/
+template<typename T>
+class mirst1d{
+
+private:
+	unsigned int Z;	//z-axis resolution
+	unsigned int pad;	//pixel padding on either side of the sample
+
+	std::vector< material<T> > matlist;	//list of materials
+	std::vector< T > layers;				//list of layer thicknesses
+
+	std::vector< T > lambdas;		//list of wavelengths that are being simulated
+	unsigned int S;					//number of wavelengths (size of "lambdas")
+
+	T NA[2];						//numerical aperature (central obscuration and outer diameter)
+
+	function<T, T> source_profile;	//profile (spectrum) of the source (expressed in inverse centimeters)
+
+	complexfield<T, 1> scratch;		//scratch GPU memory used to build samples, transforms, etc.
+
+	void fft(int direction = CUFFT_FORWARD){
+
+		unsigned padZ = Z + pad;
+		
+		//create cuFFT handles
+		cufftHandle plan;
+		cufftResult result;
+		
+		if(sizeof(T) == 4)
+			result = cufftPlan1d(&plan, padZ, CUFFT_C2C, lambdas.size());	//single precision
+		else
+			result = cufftPlan1d(&plan, padZ, CUFFT_Z2Z, lambdas.size());	//double precision
+
+		//check for Plan 1D errors
+		if(result != CUFFT_SUCCESS){
+			std::cout<<"Error creating CUFFT plan for computing the FFT:"<<std::endl;
+			CufftError(result);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		if(sizeof(T) == 4)
+			result = cufftExecC2C(plan, (cufftComplex*)scratch.ptr(), (cufftComplex*)scratch.ptr(), direction);
+		else
+			result = cufftExecZ2Z(plan, (cufftDoubleComplex*)scratch.ptr(), (cufftDoubleComplex*)scratch.ptr(), direction);
+
+		//check for FFT errors
+		if(result != CUFFT_SUCCESS){
+			std::cout<<"Error executing CUFFT to compute the FFT."<<std::endl;
+			CufftError(result);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		cufftDestroy(plan);
+	}
+
+
+	//initialize the scratch memory
+	void init_scratch(){
+		scratch = complexfield<T, 1>(Z + pad , lambdas.size());
+		scratch = 0;
+	}
+
+	//get the list of scattering efficiency (eta) values for a specified layer
+	std::vector< complex<T> > layer_etas(unsigned int l){
+
+		std::vector< complex<T> > etas;
+
+		//fill the list of etas
+		for(unsigned int i=0; i<lambdas.size(); i++)
+			etas.push_back( matlist[l].eta(lambdas[i]) );
+		return etas;
+	}
+
+	//calculates the optimal block and grid sizes using information from the GPU
+	void cuda_params(dim3& grids, dim3& blocks){
+		int maxThreads = stim::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
+		int SQRT_BLOCK = (int)std::sqrt((float)maxThreads);
+
+		//create one thread for each detector pixel
+		blocks = dim3(SQRT_BLOCK, SQRT_BLOCK);
+		grids = dim3(((Z + 2 * pad) + SQRT_BLOCK -1)/SQRT_BLOCK, (S + SQRT_BLOCK - 1)/SQRT_BLOCK);
+	}
+
+	//add the fourier transform of layer n to the scratch space
+	void build_layer_fft(unsigned int n, T* zf){
+		unsigned int paddedZ = Z + pad;
+
+		T wpx = layers[n] / dz();	//calculate the width of the layer in pixels
+
+		//allocate memory for the refractive index
+		complex<T>* gpuRi;
+		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc( (void**)&gpuRi, sizeof(complex<T>) * S));
+
+		//allocate memory for the source profile
+		T* gpuSrc;
+		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc( (void**)&gpuSrc, sizeof(T) * S));
+
+		complex<T> ri;
+		T source;
+		//store the refractive index and source profile in a CPU array
+		for(int inu=0; inu<S; inu++){
+			//save the refractive index to the GPU
+			ri = matlist[n].getN(lambdas[inu]);
+			HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy( gpuRi + inu, &ri, sizeof(complex<T>), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice ));
+
+			//save the source profile to the GPU
+			source = source_profile(10000 / lambdas[inu]);
+			HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy( gpuSrc + inu, &source, sizeof(T), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice ));
+
+		}
+
+		//create one thread for each pixel of the field slice
+		dim3 gridDim, blockDim;
+		cuda_params(gridDim, blockDim);
+		stim::gpu_mirst1d_layer_fft<<<gridDim, blockDim>>>(scratch.ptr(), gpuRi, gpuSrc, zf, wpx, paddedZ, S);
+
+		int linBlock = stim::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //compute the optimal block size
+		int linGrid = S / linBlock + 1;
+		stim::gpu_mirst1d_increment_z <<<linGrid, linBlock>>>(zf, gpuRi, wpx, S);
+
+		//free memory
+		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaFree(gpuRi));
+		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaFree(gpuSrc));
+	}
+
+	void build_sample(){
+		init_scratch();		//initialize the GPU scratch space
+		//build_layer(1);
+
+		T* zf;
+		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc(&zf, sizeof(T) * S));
+		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemset(zf, 0, sizeof(T) * S));
+
+		//render each layer of the sample
+		for(unsigned int l=0; l<layers.size(); l++){
+			build_layer_fft(l, zf);
+		}
+
+		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaFree(zf));
+	}
+
+	void apply_filter(){
+		dim3 gridDim, blockDim;
+		cuda_params(gridDim, blockDim);
+
+		unsigned int Zpad = Z + pad;
+
+		T sim_range = dz() * Zpad;
+    	T dFz = 1 / sim_range;
+
+		//copy the array of wavelengths to the GPU
+		T* gpuLambdas;
+		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc(&gpuLambdas, sizeof(T) * Zpad));
+		HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(gpuLambdas, &lambdas[0], sizeof(T) * Zpad, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
+		stim::gpu_mirst1d_apply_filter <<<gridDim, blockDim>>>(scratch.ptr(), gpuLambdas, 
+								 dFz,
+								 NA[0], NA[1], 
+								 S, Zpad);
+	}
+
+	//crop the image to the sample thickness - keep in mind that sample thickness != optical path length
+	void crop(){
+
+		scratch = scratch.crop(Z, S);
+	}
+	
+	//save the scratch field as a binary file
+	void to_binary(std::string filename){
+
+	}
+
+
+public:
+
+	//constructor
+	mirst1d(unsigned int rZ = 100,
+			unsigned int padding = 0){
+		Z = rZ;
+		pad = padding;
+		NA[0] = 0;
+		NA[1] = 0.8;
+		S = 0;
+		source_profile = 1;
+	}
+
+	//add a layer, thickness = microns
+	void add_layer(material<T> mat, T thickness){
+		matlist.push_back(mat);
+		layers.push_back(thickness);
+	}
+
+	void add_layer(std::string filename, T thickness){
+		add_layer(material<T>(filename), thickness);
+	}
+
+	//adds a profile spectrum for the light source
+	void set_source(std::string filename){
+		source_profile.load(filename);
+	}
+
+	//adds a block of wavenumbers (cm^-1) to the simulation parameters
+	void add_wavenumbers(unsigned int start, unsigned int stop, unsigned int step){
+		unsigned int nu = start;
+		while(nu <= stop){
+			lambdas.push_back((T)10000 / nu);
+			nu += step;
+		}
+		S = lambdas.size();		//increment the number of wavelengths (shorthand for later)
+	}
+
+	T thickness(){
+		T t = 0;
+		for(unsigned int l=0; l<layers.size(); l++)
+			t += layers[l];
+		return t;
+	}
+
+	void padding(unsigned int padding = 0){
+		pad = padding;
+	}
+
+	T dz(){
+		return thickness() / Z;		//calculate the z-axis step size
+	}
+
+	void na(T in, T out){
+		NA[0] = in;
+		NA[1] = out;
+	}
+
+	void na(T out){
+		na(0, out);
+	}
+
+	stim::function<T, T> get_source(){
+		return source_profile;
+	}
+
+	void save_sample(std::string filename){
+		//create a sample and save the magnitude as an image
+		build_sample();
+		fft(CUFFT_INVERSE);
+		scratch.toImage(filename, stim::complexfield<T, 1>::magnitude);
+	}
+
+	void save_mirst(std::string filename, bool binary = true){
+		//apply the MIRST filter to a sample and save the image
+
+		//build the sample in the Fourier domain
+		build_sample();
+
+		//apply the MIRST filter
+		apply_filter();
+
+		//apply an inverse FFT to bring the results back into the spatial domain
+		fft(CUFFT_INVERSE);
+
+		crop();
+
+		//save the image
+		if(binary)
+			to_binary(filename);
+		else
+			scratch.toImage(filename, stim::complexfield<T, 1>::magnitude);
+	}
+
+
+
+
+	std::string str(){
+
+		stringstream ss;
+		ss<<"1D MIRST Simulation========================="<<std::endl;
+		ss<<"z-axis resolution: "<<Z<<std::endl;
+		ss<<"simulation domain: ["<<lambdas[0]<<", "<<lambdas.back()<<"]"<<std::endl;
+		ss<<"number of wavelengths: "<<lambdas.size()<<std::endl;
+		ss<<"padding: "<<pad<<std::endl;
+		ss<<"sample thickness: "<<thickness()<<" um"<<std::endl;
+		ss<<"dz: "<<dz()<<" um"<<std::endl;
+		ss<<std::endl;
+		ss<<layers.size()<<" layers-------------"<<std::endl;
+		for(unsigned int l=0; l<layers.size(); l++)
+			ss<<"layer "<<l<<": "<<layers[l]<<" um"<<"---------"<<std::endl<<matlist[l].str()<<std::endl;
+
+		ss<<"source profile-----------"<<std::endl;
+		ss<<get_source().str()<<std::endl;
+
+		return ss.str();
+
+
+	}
+
+
+
+};
+
+}
diff --git a/stim/optics/planewave.h b/stim/optics/planewave.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a295f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/optics/planewave.h
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+#ifndef RTS_PLANEWAVE
+#define RTS_PLANEWAVE
+
+#include <string>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include "../math/vector.h"
+#include "../math/quaternion.h"
+#include "../math/constants.h"
+#include "../math/plane.h"
+#include "../cuda/callable.h"
+
+/*Basic conversions used here (assuming a vacuum)
+	lambda =
+*/
+
+namespace stim{
+
+template<typename T>
+class planewave{
+
+protected:
+
+	vec<T> k;	//k = tau / lambda
+	vec< complex<T> > E0;		//amplitude
+	//T phi;
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE planewave<T> bend(rts::vec<T> kn) const{
+
+		vec<T> kn_hat = kn.norm();				//normalize the new k
+		vec<T> k_hat = k.norm();				//normalize the current k
+
+		//std::cout<<"PLANE WAVE BENDING------------------"<<std::endl;
+		//std::cout<<"kn_hat: "<<kn_hat<<"     k_hat: "<<k_hat<<std::endl;
+
+		planewave<T> new_p;						//create a new plane wave
+
+		//if kn is equal to k or -k, handle the degenerate case
+		T k_dot_kn = k_hat.dot(kn_hat);
+
+		//if k . n < 0, then the bend is a reflection
+			//flip k_hat
+		if(k_dot_kn < 0) k_hat = -k_hat;
+
+		//std::cout<<"k dot kn: "<<k_dot_kn<<std::endl;
+
+		//std::cout<<"k_dot_kn: "<<k_dot_kn<<std::endl;
+		if(k_dot_kn == -1){
+			new_p.k = -k;
+			new_p.E0 = E0;
+			return new_p;
+		}
+		else if(k_dot_kn == 1){
+			new_p.k = k;
+			new_p.E0 = E0;
+			return new_p;
+		}
+
+		vec<T> r = k_hat.cross(kn_hat);			//compute the rotation vector
+
+		//std::cout<<"r: "<<r<<std::endl;
+
+		T theta = asin(r.len());				//compute the angle of the rotation about r
+
+		
+
+		//deal with a zero vector (both k and kn point in the same direction)
+		//if(theta == (T)0)
+		//{
+		//	new_p = *this;
+		//	return new_p;
+		//}
+
+		//create a quaternion to capture the rotation
+		quaternion<T> q;
+		q.CreateRotation(theta, r.norm());
+
+		//apply the rotation to E0
+		vec< complex<T> > E0n = q.toMatrix3() * E0;
+
+		new_p.k = kn_hat * kmag();
+		new_p.E0 = E0n;
+
+		return new_p;
+	}
+
+public:
+
+
+	///constructor: create a plane wave propagating along z, polarized along x
+	/*planewave(T lambda = (T)1)
+	{
+		k = rts::vec<T>(0, 0, 1) * (TAU/lambda);
+		E0 = rts::vec<T>(1, 0, 0);
+	}*/
+	///constructor: create a plane wave propagating along k, polarized along _E0, at frequency _omega
+	CUDA_CALLABLE planewave(vec<T> kvec = rts::vec<T>(0, 0, rtsTAU), 
+							vec< complex<T> > E = rts::vec<T>(1, 0, 0), T phase = 0)
+	{
+		//phi = phase;
+
+		k = kvec;
+		vec< complex<T> > k_hat = k.norm();
+
+		if(E.len() == 0)			//if the plane wave has an amplitude of 0
+			E0 = vec<T>(0);			//just return it
+		else{
+			vec< complex<T> > s = (k_hat.cross(E)).norm();		//compute an orthogonal side vector
+			vec< complex<T> > E_hat = (s.cross(k)).norm();	//compute a normalized E0 direction vector
+			E0 = E_hat * E_hat.dot(E);					//compute the projection of _E0 onto E0_hat
+		}
+
+		E0 = E0 * exp( complex<T>(0, phase) );
+	}
+
+	///multiplication operator: scale E0
+    CUDA_CALLABLE planewave<T> & operator* (const T & rhs)
+	{
+		
+		E0 = E0 * rhs;
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE T lambda() const
+	{
+		return rtsTAU / k.len();
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE T kmag() const
+	{
+		return k.len();
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec< complex<T> > E(){
+		return E0;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec<T> kvec(){
+		return k;
+	}
+
+	/*CUDA_CALLABLE T phase(){
+		return phi;
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE void phase(T p){
+		phi = p;
+	}*/
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE vec< complex<T> > pos(vec<T> p = vec<T>(0, 0, 0)){
+		vec< complex<T> > result;
+
+		T kdp = k.dot(p);
+		complex<T> x = complex<T>(0, kdp);
+		complex<T> expx = exp(x);
+
+		result[0] = E0[0] * expx;
+		result[1] = E0[1] * expx;
+		result[2] = E0[2] * expx;
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	//scales k based on a transition from material ni to material nt
+	CUDA_CALLABLE planewave<T> n(T ni, T nt){
+		return planewave<T>(k * (nt / ni), E0);
+	}
+
+	CUDA_CALLABLE planewave<T> refract(rts::vec<T> kn) const
+	{
+		return bend(kn);
+	}
+
+	void scatter(rts::plane<T> P, T nr, planewave<T> &r, planewave<T> &t){
+
+		int facing = P.face(k);		//determine which direction the plane wave is coming in
+
+		//if(facing == 0)				//if the wave is tangent to the plane, return an identical wave
+		//	return *this;
+		//else 
+		if(facing == -1){		//if the wave hits the back of the plane, invert the plane and nr
+			P = P.flip();			//flip the plane
+			nr = 1/nr;				//invert the refractive index (now nr = n0/n1)
+		}
+
+		//use Snell's Law to calculate the transmitted angle
+		T cos_theta_i = k.norm().dot(-P.norm());				//compute the cosine of theta_i
+		T theta_i = acos(cos_theta_i);							//compute theta_i
+		T sin_theta_t = (1/nr) * sin(theta_i);						//compute the sine of theta_t using Snell's law
+		T theta_t = asin(sin_theta_t);							//compute the cosine of theta_t
+
+		bool tir = false;						//flag for total internal reflection
+		if(theta_t != theta_t){
+			tir = true;
+			theta_t = rtsPI / (T)2;
+		}
+
+		//handle the degenerate case where theta_i is 0 (the plane wave hits head-on)
+		if(theta_i == 0){
+			T rp = (1 - nr) / (1 + nr);		//compute the Fresnel coefficients
+			T tp = 2 / (1 + nr);
+			vec<T> kr = -k;
+			vec<T> kt = k * nr;			//set the k vectors for theta_i = 0
+			vec< complex<T> > Er = E0 * rp;		//compute the E vectors
+			vec< complex<T> > Et = E0 * tp;
+			T phase_t = P.p().dot(k - kt);	//compute the phase offset
+			T phase_r = P.p().dot(k - kr);
+			//std::cout<<"Degeneracy: Head-On"<<std::endl;
+			//std::cout<<"rs: "<<rp<<"  rp: "<<rp<<"  ts: "<<tp<<"  tp: "<<tp<<std::endl;
+			//std::cout<<"phase r: "<<phase_r<<"  phase t: "<<phase_t<<std::endl;
+
+			//create the plane waves
+			r = planewave<T>(kr, Er, phase_r);
+			t = planewave<T>(kt, Et, phase_t);
+
+			//std::cout<<"i + r: "<<pos()[0] + r.pos()[0]<<pos()[1] + r.pos()[1]<<pos()[2] + r.pos()[2]<<std::endl;
+			//std::cout<<"t:     "<<t.pos()[0]<<t.pos()[1]<<t.pos()[2]<<std::endl;
+			//std::cout<<"--------------------------------"<<std::endl;
+			return;
+		}
+
+
+		//compute the Fresnel coefficients
+		T rp, rs, tp, ts;
+		rp = tan(theta_t - theta_i) / tan(theta_t + theta_i);
+		rs = sin(theta_t - theta_i) / sin(theta_t + theta_i);
+		
+		if(tir){
+			tp = ts = 0;
+		}
+		else{
+			tp = ( 2 * sin(theta_t) * cos(theta_i) ) / ( sin(theta_t + theta_i) * cos(theta_t - theta_i) );
+			ts = ( 2 * sin(theta_t) * cos(theta_i) ) / sin(theta_t + theta_i);
+		}
+
+		//compute the coordinate space for the plane of incidence
+		vec<T> z_hat = -P.norm();
+		vec<T> y_hat = P.parallel(k).norm();
+		vec<T> x_hat = y_hat.cross(z_hat).norm();
+
+		//compute the k vectors for r and t
+		vec<T> kr, kt;
+		kr = ( y_hat * sin(theta_i) - z_hat * cos(theta_i) ) * kmag();
+		kt = ( y_hat * sin(theta_t) + z_hat * cos(theta_t) ) * kmag() * nr;
+
+		//compute the magnitude of the p- and s-polarized components of the incident E vector
+		complex<T> Ei_s = E0.dot(x_hat);
+		//int sgn = (0 < E0.dot(y_hat)) - (E0.dot(y_hat) < 0);
+		int sgn = E0.dot(y_hat).sgn();
+		vec< complex<T> > cx_hat = x_hat;
+		complex<T> Ei_p = ( E0 - cx_hat * Ei_s ).len() * sgn;
+		//T Ei_p = ( E0 - x_hat * Ei_s ).len();
+		//compute the magnitude of the p- and s-polarized components of the reflected E vector
+		complex<T> Er_s = Ei_s * rs;
+		complex<T> Er_p = Ei_p * rp;
+		//compute the magnitude of the p- and s-polarized components of the transmitted E vector
+		complex<T> Et_s = Ei_s * ts;
+		complex<T> Et_p = Ei_p * tp;
+
+		//std::cout<<"E0: "<<E0<<std::endl;
+		//std::cout<<"E0 dot y_hat: "<<E0.dot(y_hat)<<std::endl;
+		//std::cout<<"theta i: "<<theta_i<<"  theta t: "<<theta_t<<std::endl;
+		//std::cout<<"x_hat: "<<x_hat<<"  y_hat: "<<y_hat<<"  z_hat: "<<z_hat<<std::endl;
+		//std::cout<<"Ei_s: "<<Ei_s<<"  Ei_p: "<<Ei_p<<"  Er_s: "<<Er_s<<"  Er_p: "<<Er_p<<"  Et_s: "<<Et_s<<"  Et_p: "<<Et_p<<std::endl;
+		//std::cout<<"rs: "<<rs<<"  rp: "<<rp<<"  ts: "<<ts<<"  tp: "<<tp<<std::endl;
+		
+
+		//compute the reflected E vector
+		vec< complex<T> > Er = vec< complex<T> >(y_hat * cos(theta_i) + z_hat * sin(theta_i)) * Er_p + cx_hat * Er_s;
+		//compute the transmitted E vector
+		vec< complex<T> > Et = vec< complex<T> >(y_hat * cos(theta_t) - z_hat * sin(theta_t)) * Et_p + cx_hat * Et_s;
+
+		T phase_t = P.p().dot(k - kt);
+		T phase_r = P.p().dot(k - kr);
+
+		//std::cout<<"phase r: "<<phase_r<<"  phase t: "<<phase_t<<std::endl;
+
+		//std::cout<<"phase: "<<phase<<std::endl;
+
+		//create the plane waves
+		r.k = kr;
+		r.E0 = Er * exp( complex<T>(0, phase_r) );
+		//r.phi = phase_r;
+
+		//t = bend(kt);
+		//t.k = t.k * nr;
+
+		t.k = kt;
+		t.E0 = Et * exp( complex<T>(0, phase_t) );
+		//t.phi = phase_t;
+		//std::cout<<"i: "<<str()<<std::endl;
+		//std::cout<<"r: "<<r.str()<<std::endl;
+		//std::cout<<"t: "<<t.str()<<std::endl;
+
+		//std::cout<<"i + r: "<<pos()[0] + r.pos()[0]<<pos()[1] + r.pos()[1]<<pos()[2] + r.pos()[2]<<std::endl;
+		//std::cout<<"t:     "<<t.pos()[0]<<t.pos()[1]<<t.pos()[2]<<std::endl;
+		//std::cout<<"--------------------------------"<<std::endl;
+
+	}
+
+	std::string str()
+	{
+		std::stringstream ss;
+		ss<<"Plane Wave:"<<std::endl;
+		ss<<"	"<<E0<<" e^i ( "<<k<<" . r )";
+		return ss.str();
+	}
+};
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, rts::planewave<T> p)
+{
+    os<<p.str();
+    return os;
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/parser/arguments.h b/stim/parser/arguments.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..576ae33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/parser/arguments.h
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+#ifndef STIM_ARGUMENTS
+#define STIM_ARGUMENTS
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <Windows.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace stim{
+
+	class cmd_option
+	{
+	private:
+		bool ansi;
+
+		//argument name
+		std::string name;
+
+		//description of the argument
+		std::vector<std::string> desc;
+
+		//argument values
+		std::vector<std::string> vals;
+
+		//range or example
+		std::string range;
+
+		//flag is true when the argument is user-specified
+		bool flag;
+
+		void parse_val(const std::string &s){
+
+			vals.clear();
+
+			std::stringstream ss(s);
+			std::string item;
+			while (std::getline(ss, item, ' ')) {
+				vals.push_back(item);
+			}
+		}
+
+		void parse_desc(const std::string &s){
+
+			desc.clear();
+
+			std::stringstream ss(s);
+			std::string item;
+			while (std::getline(ss, item, '\n')) {
+				desc.push_back(item);
+			}
+		}
+
+	public:
+		void set_ansi(bool b){ ansi = b; }
+        //create an option with a given name, description, and default value
+		cmd_option(std::string _name, std::string _desc, std::string _default = "", std::string _range = "")
+		{
+			name = _name;
+			parse_desc(_desc);
+			parse_val(_default);
+
+			//if a default value is provided, set the flag
+			if(_default != "")
+                flag = true;
+            else flag = false;
+
+			range = _range;
+
+
+		}
+
+		int nargs()
+		{
+            return vals.size();
+        }
+
+		//return the value of a text option
+		std::string as_string(unsigned int n = 0)
+		{
+            if(!flag)
+            {
+                std::cout<<"ERROR - Option requested without being set: "<<name<<std::endl;
+                exit(1);
+            }
+
+            if(vals.size() > n)
+                return vals[n];
+
+            else return "";
+		}
+
+        //return the value of a floating point option
+		float as_float(unsigned int n = 0)
+		{
+            if(!flag)
+            {
+                std::cout<<"ERROR - option requested without being set: "<<name<<std::endl;
+                exit(1);
+            }
+
+            if(vals.size() > n)
+            {
+                float r;
+                if ( ! (std::istringstream(vals[n]) >> r) ) r = 0;
+                return r;
+            }
+
+            else return 0;
+		}
+
+		//return the value of an integer option
+		int as_int(unsigned int n = 0)
+		{
+            if(!flag)
+            {
+                std::cout<<"ERROR - option requested without being set: "<<name<<std::endl;
+                exit(1);
+            }
+
+            if(vals.size() > n)
+            {
+                int r;
+                if ( ! (std::istringstream(vals[n]) >> r) ) r = 0;
+                return r;
+            }
+
+            else return 0;
+		}
+
+		//get the width of the left column
+		int col_width()
+		{
+            int n = 3;
+            //add the length of the option name
+            n += name.size();
+
+            //if there are any default parameters
+            if(vals.size() > 0)
+            {
+                //padding (parenthesis, =, etc.)
+                n += 6;
+
+                //for each default option value
+                for(unsigned int v=0; v<vals.size(); v++)
+                    n += vals[v].size() + 1;
+            }
+
+            //add a buffer of 4 characters
+            n += 4;
+
+            return n;
+		}
+
+
+		//string output
+		std::string toStr(int width = 0)
+		{
+			std::stringstream ss;
+
+			int color_size = 0;
+
+
+			//create the left column
+			std::string left_part = std::string(" --") + name;
+			if(vals.size() != 0)
+			{
+				if(ansi)
+					left_part += "\033[1;32m";
+				left_part += " ( = ";
+				for(unsigned int v=0; v<vals.size(); v++)
+					left_part += vals[v] + std::string(" ");
+				left_part += ")";
+				if(ansi)
+					left_part += "\033[0m";
+				if(ansi)
+					color_size = 11;
+			}
+			else
+                color_size = 0;
+
+			//if no width is passed, put 4 spaces between left and right columns
+			if(width == 0) width = col_width();
+
+			ss<<std::left<<std::setw(width + color_size)<<left_part;
+
+			//output right column
+			for(unsigned int d=0; d<desc.size(); d++)
+			{
+				if(d == 0)
+					ss<<desc[0];
+				else
+					ss<<std::endl<<std::setfill(' ')<<std::setw(width)<<" "<<desc[d];
+
+			}
+
+			//output the range in the right column
+			if(range != "" && ansi)
+                ss<<std::endl<<std::setfill(' ')<<std::setw(width)<<" "<<"    "<<std::string("\033[1;36m") + range + "\033[0m";
+			else if(range != "")
+				ss<<std::endl<<std::setfill(' ')<<std::setw(width)<<" "<<"    "<<range;
+
+			return ss.str();
+		}
+
+		//compare the name of the option to a string
+		bool operator==(std::string rhs)
+		{
+            return (name == rhs);
+		}
+
+		//set the option to a given value
+		void set(std::string _value)
+		{
+            parse_val(_value);
+
+            //set the flag
+            flag = true;
+		}
+
+		bool is_set()
+		{
+            return flag;
+        }
+
+	};
+
+	struct argsection
+	{
+		std::string name;
+		unsigned int index;
+	};
+
+	class arglist
+	{
+    private:
+		bool ansi;
+
+		//vector of options
+        std::vector<cmd_option> opts;
+        std::vector<std::string> args;
+
+		//column width of the longest option
+        int col_width;
+
+		//list of sections
+		std::vector<argsection> sections;
+
+    public:
+
+        arglist(){
+        	col_width = 0;
+        	ansi = true;
+        }
+
+		void set_ansi(bool b)
+		{
+			ansi = b;
+			for(unsigned int i=0; i<opts.size(); i++)
+				opts[i].set_ansi(ansi);
+		}
+
+        void add(std::string _name, std::string _desc, std::string _default = "", std::string _range = "")
+        {
+            cmd_option opt(_name, _desc, _default, _range);
+			opt.set_ansi(ansi);
+            opts.push_back(opt);
+
+            col_width = std::max<int>(col_width, opt.col_width());
+        }
+
+		void section(std::string _name)
+		{
+			argsection s;
+			s.name = _name;
+			s.index = opts.size();
+			sections.push_back(s);
+		}
+
+        //output the options (generally in response to --help)
+        std::string str()
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+
+            int si = -1;
+
+            if(sections.size() > 0)
+                si = 0;
+
+            //for each option
+            for(unsigned int a=0; a<opts.size(); a++)
+            {
+                if(si != -1 && a == sections[si].index)
+                {
+					if(ansi)
+						ss<<std::endl<<std::left<<std::setfill('=')<<std::setw(col_width)<<std::string("\033[1;31m") + sections[si].name<<"\033[0m"<<std::endl;
+					else
+						ss<<std::endl<<std::left<<std::setfill('=')<<std::setw(col_width)<<sections[si].name<<std::endl;
+                    si++;
+                    if(si == (int)sections.size()) si = -1;
+                }
+
+                ss<<opts[a].toStr(col_width)<<std::endl;
+            }
+
+            return ss.str();
+        }
+
+        int index(std::string _name)
+        {
+        	unsigned int i = find(opts.begin(), opts.end(), _name) - opts.begin();
+
+            if(i >= opts.size())
+                return -1;
+
+            return (int)i;
+        }
+
+        void set(std::string _name, std::string _value)
+        {
+            int i = index(_name);
+
+            if(i != -1)
+            {
+            	opts[i].set(_value);
+                //adjust the column width if necessary
+                col_width = (std::max)(col_width, opts[i].col_width());
+            }
+            else
+                std::cout<<"ERROR - option not recognized: "<<_name<<std::endl;
+        }
+
+        //parse a parameter string
+        void parse(int argc, char* argv[])
+        {
+            //if the number of options is 1, we're done
+            if(argc <= 1) return;
+
+            std::string name;
+            std::string params;
+
+            bool args_done = false;		//create a flag that turns true when the first option is encountered
+
+            for(int i=1; i<argc; i++)
+            {
+                //if the argument is an option
+                if(argv[i][0] == '-' && argv[i][1] == '-')
+                {
+                	args_done = true;				//arguments for the executable are done, all options now
+                    //add any previous options
+                    if(name != "")
+                        set(name, params);
+                    //set the current option to this name
+                    name = argv[i]+2;
+                    //clear the parameters list
+                    params = "";
+                }
+                else if(!args_done){
+                	args.push_back(argv[i]);
+                }
+                else{	//everything else is an arg for the most recent option
+					if(params != "")
+						params += " ";
+                    params += argv[i];
+                }
+            }
+
+            //set the last option
+            set(name, params);
+        }
+
+        //determine if a parameter has been set (either specified by the user or with a default value)
+        bool operator()(std::string _name)
+        {
+            int i = find(opts.begin(), opts.end(), _name) - opts.begin();
+
+            if(i < 0)
+            {
+                std::cout<<"ERROR - Unspecified parameter name: "<<_name<<std::endl;
+                exit(1);
+            }
+
+            return opts[i].is_set();
+        }
+
+        //number of arguments in a specified option
+        unsigned int nargs(std::string _name)
+        {
+            int i = find(opts.begin(), opts.end(), _name) - opts.begin();
+
+            if(i < 0)
+            {
+                std::cout<<"ERROR - Unspecified parameter name: "<<_name<<std::endl;
+                exit(1);
+            }
+
+            return opts[i].nargs();
+        }
+
+        //number of arguments for the executable
+        unsigned int nargs(){
+        	return args.size();
+        }
+
+        //return the a'th executable argument
+        std::string arg(unsigned int a){
+        	return args[a];
+        }
+
+        cmd_option operator[](std::string _name)
+        {
+            int i = find(opts.begin(), opts.end(), _name) - opts.begin();
+
+            if(i < 0 || i >= opts.size())
+            {
+                std::cout<<"ERROR - Unspecified parameter name: "<<_name<<std::endl;
+                exit(1);
+            }
+
+            return opts[i];
+        }
+
+
+	};
+
+
+
+}	//end namespace stim
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/parser/filename.h b/stim/parser/filename.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc6b4da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/parser/filename.h
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+#ifndef STIM_FILENAME_H
+#define STIM_FILENAME_H
+
+#include <stdio.h>  /* defines FILENAME_MAX */
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    #include <direct.h>
+    #define GetCurrentDir _getcwd
+	#define STIM_FILENAME_DIV '\\'
+#else
+    #include <unistd.h>
+    #define GetCurrentDir getcwd
+	#define STIM_FILENAME_DIV '/'
+ #endif
+
+#include <string>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
+#include <stack>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "../parser/parser.h"
+
+#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
+
+namespace stim{
+
+//filename class designed to work with both Windows and Unix
+
+class filename{
+
+private:
+	void init(){
+
+		absolute = false;
+
+	}
+
+protected:
+
+	std::string drive;				//drive letter (for Windows)
+	std::vector<std::string> path;	//directory hierarchy
+	std::string prefix;				//file prefix (without extension)
+	std::string	ext;				//file extension
+
+	bool absolute;					//filename is an absolute path
+
+	//replace any incorrect dividers with the appropriate version for the OS
+	std::string parse_div(std::string s) {
+		#ifdef _WIN32
+			std::replace( s.begin(), s.end(), '/', '\\');
+		#else
+			std::replace( s.begin(), s.end(), '\\', '/');
+		#endif
+
+		return s;
+	}
+
+	//parse the file name (prefix and extension)
+	void parse_name(std::string fname){
+
+		//find the extension
+		size_t xpos = fname.find_last_of('.');			//find the position of the extension period (if there is one)
+		if(xpos != std::string::npos){						//split the prefix and extension
+			prefix = fname.substr(0, xpos);
+			ext = fname.substr(xpos + 1);
+		}
+		else
+			prefix = fname;
+	}
+
+	//parse a file locator string
+	void parse(std::string loc){
+
+		//determine the drive (if Windows)
+		drive = "";		
+		#ifdef _WIN32
+			//if the second character is a colon, the character right before it is the drive
+			if(loc[1] == ':'){
+				absolute = true;			//this is an absolute path
+				drive = loc[0];				//copy the drive letter
+				loc = loc.substr(3);		//remove the drive information from the locator string
+			}
+		#else
+			if(loc[0] == STIM_FILENAME_DIV){
+				absolute = true;
+				loc = loc.substr(1);
+			}
+		#endif
+
+		//determine the file name
+		std::string fname = loc.substr( loc.find_last_of(STIM_FILENAME_DIV) + 1 );	//find the file name (including extension)
+
+		//parse the file name
+		parse_name(fname);
+
+		//find the directory hierarchy
+		std::string dir = loc.substr(0, loc.find_last_of(STIM_FILENAME_DIV) + 1 );
+		path = stim::parser::split(dir, STIM_FILENAME_DIV);
+	}
+
+public:
+
+	filename(){
+		init();
+	}
+
+	filename(std::string loc){
+		init();
+		parse(loc);
+	}
+
+
+
+	std::string get_name(){
+		if(prefix == "" && ext == "")
+			return "";
+		else
+			return prefix + "." + ext;
+	}
+
+	std::string get_extension(){
+		return ext;
+	}
+
+	std::string get_prefix(){
+		return prefix;
+	}
+
+	std::string dir(){
+		std::stringstream ss;
+
+		//if the path is absolute
+		if(absolute){
+			//output the drive letter if in Windows
+			#ifdef _WIN32
+				ss<<drive<<":";
+			#endif
+			ss<<STIM_FILENAME_DIV;
+		}
+
+		//output the directory
+		for(unsigned int d = 0; d < path.size(); d++)
+			ss<<path[d]<<STIM_FILENAME_DIV;
+
+		return ss.str();
+
+	}
+
+	std::string str(){
+
+		std::stringstream ss;
+
+		ss<<dir()<<get_name();
+
+		return ss.str();
+	}
+
+	//get a list of files matching the current tamplate
+	std::vector<stim::filename> get_list(){
+
+		boost::filesystem::path p(dir());	//create a path from the current filename
+
+		std::vector<stim::filename> file_list;
+
+		if(boost::filesystem::exists(p)){
+			if(boost::filesystem::is_directory(p)){
+
+				typedef std::vector<boost::filesystem::path> vec;             // store paths,
+				vec v;                                // so we can sort them later
+
+				std::copy(boost::filesystem::directory_iterator(p), boost::filesystem::directory_iterator(), back_inserter(v));
+
+				std::sort(v.begin(), v.end());             // sort, since directory iteration
+													  // is not ordered on some file systems
+
+				//compare file names to the current template (look for wild cards)
+				for (vec::const_iterator it(v.begin()), it_end(v.end()); it != it_end; ++it)
+				{
+
+					//if the filename is a wild card *or* it matches the read file name
+					if( prefix == "*" || prefix == (*it).filename().stem().string()){
+
+						//if the extension is a wild card *or* it matches the read file extension
+						if( ext == "*" || "." + ext == (*it).filename().extension().string()){
+
+							file_list.push_back((*it).string());	//include it in the final list
+						}
+					}
+
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return file_list;
+	}
+
+	//gets the current working directory
+	static stim::filename cwd(){
+
+
+		char cCurrentPath[FILENAME_MAX];
+
+		 if (!GetCurrentDir(cCurrentPath, sizeof(cCurrentPath))){
+			 std::cout<<"ERROR getting current working directory."<<std::endl;
+			 exit(1);
+		 }
+
+		 std::cout<<cCurrentPath<<std::endl;
+		 return stim::filename(std::string(cCurrentPath) + STIM_FILENAME_DIV);
+	}
+
+	void set_name(std::string fname){
+		parse_name(fname);
+	}
+
+	//get a path relative to the current one
+	stim::filename get_relative(std::string rel){
+
+		std::vector<std::string> rel_path = stim::parser::split(rel, STIM_FILENAME_DIV);
+
+		//if the relative path doesn't contain a file, add a blank string to be used as the filename
+		if(rel[rel.size()-1] == STIM_FILENAME_DIV)
+			rel_path.push_back("");
+
+		//create a stack representing the current absolute path
+		std::stack<std::string, std::vector<std::string> > s(path);
+
+		//for each token in the relative path
+		for(int d=0; d<rel_path.size() - 1; d++){
+
+			//if the token is a double-dot, pop a directory off of the stack
+			if(rel_path[d] == "..")
+				s.pop();
+			else
+				s.push(rel_path[d]);
+		}
+
+		std::string* end   = &s.top() + 1;
+		std::string* begin = end - s.size();
+		std::vector<std::string> result_path(begin, end);
+
+		//create a new path to be returned
+		stim::filename result = *this;
+		result.path = result_path;
+		result.set_name(rel_path.back());
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	bool is_relative(){
+		return !absolute;
+	}
+
+	bool is_absolute(){
+		return absolute;
+	}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+};
+
+
+}	//end namespace stim
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/parser/parser.h b/stim/parser/parser.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2583fde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/parser/parser.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#ifndef STIM_PARSER_H
+#define STIM_PARSER_H
+
+namespace stim{
+
+class parser{
+
+public:
+
+	static std::vector<std::string> &split(const std::string &s, char delim, std::vector<std::string> &elems) {
+		std::stringstream ss(s);
+		std::string item;
+		while (std::getline(ss, item, delim)) {
+			elems.push_back(item);
+		}
+		return elems;
+	}
+
+	static std::vector<std::string> split(const std::string &s, char delim) {
+		std::vector<std::string> elems;
+		split(s, delim, elems);
+		return elems;
+	}
+
+};
+
+}	//end namespace stim
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stim/parser/wildcards.h b/stim/parser/wildcards.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac8c42d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/parser/wildcards.h
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#ifndef STIM_WILDCARDS_H
+#define STIM_WILDCARDS_H
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iomanip>
+
+
+//#include <boost/regex.hpp>
+
+namespace stim{
+
+class wildcards{
+public:
+	//generate a sequence of strings where '?' is replaced by integer increments
+	static std::vector<std::string> increment(std::string input,
+											  unsigned int start,
+											  unsigned int end,
+											  unsigned int step){
+
+		size_t a = input.find_first_of('?');	//find the first ?
+		size_t b = input.find_last_of('?');		//find the last ?
+		size_t n = b - a + 1;					//calculate the number of ?
+
+		std::string str_a = input.substr(0, a);		//split the strings along the wildcard
+		std::string str_b = input.substr(b + 1, std::string::npos);
+
+		//create a vector to hold the output strings
+		std::vector<std::string> out;
+
+		//create a stringstream to handle the padding
+		for (unsigned int i = start; i <= end; i += step){
+
+			std::stringstream ss;
+			ss << str_a
+				<< std::setfill('0')
+				<< std::setw(n)
+				<< i
+				<< str_b;
+
+			out.push_back(ss.str());
+		}
+
+		return out;
+
+
+	}
+/*
+	//returns a list of files that match the specified wildcards in 'd'
+	static std::vector<std::string> get_file_list(std::string s){
+
+		stim::filename f(s);
+		std::string target_path(f.dir());
+		boost::regex filter(f.name());
+
+		std::vector< std::string > all_matching_files;
+
+		boost::filesystem::directory_iterator end_itr; // Default ctor yields past-the-end
+		for( boost::filesystem::directory_iterator i( target_path ); i != end_itr; ++i )
+		{
+			// Skip if not a file
+			if( !boost::filesystem::is_regular_file( i->status() ) ) continue;
+
+			boost::smatch what;
+
+			// Skip if no match
+			if( !boost::regex_match( i->path().filename().string(), what, filter ) ) continue;
+
+			// File matches, store it
+			all_matching_files.push_back( i->path().filename().string() );
+		}
+
+		return all_matching_files;
+
+	}
+*/
+
+};
+
+
+}	//end namespace stim
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/ui/progressbar.h b/stim/ui/progressbar.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f62f7e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/ui/progressbar.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#ifndef RTS_PROGRESSBAR_H
+#define RTS_PROGRESSBAR_H
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+using namespace std;
+
+static void rtsProgressBar(int percent)
+{
+	stringstream bar;
+	static int x = 0;
+	string slash[4];
+	slash[0] = "\\";
+	slash[1] = "-";
+	slash[2] = "/";
+	slash[3] = "|";
+	bar<<"[";
+	for(int i=0; i<40; i++)
+	{
+		if(percent > (float)i/(float)40 *100)
+			bar << "*";
+		else
+			bar << " ";
+	}
+	bar<<"]";
+	cout << "\r"; // carriage return back to beginning of line
+	cout << bar.str() << " " << slash[x] << " " << percent << " %"; // print the bars and percentage
+	x++; // increment to make the slash appear to rotate
+	if(x == 4)
+	x = 0; // reset slash animation
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/visualization/camera.h b/stim/visualization/camera.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1225a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/visualization/camera.h
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+#include "../math/vector.h"
+#include "../math/quaternion.h"
+#include "../math/matrix.h"
+
+#include <ostream>
+
+#ifndef STIM_CAMERA_H
+#define STIM_CAMERA_H
+
+namespace stim{
+
+class camera
+{
+	vec<float, 3> d;	//direction that the camera is pointing
+	vec<float, 3> p;	//position of the camera
+	vec<float, 3> up;	//"up" direction
+	float focus;		//focal length of the camera
+	float fov;
+
+	//private function makes sure that the up vector is orthogonal to the direction vector and both are normalized
+	void stabalize()
+	{
+		vec<float, 3> side = up.cross(d);
+		up = d.cross(side);
+		up = up.norm();
+		d = d.norm();
+	}
+
+public:
+	void setPosition(vec<float, 3> pos)
+	{
+		p = pos;
+	}
+	void setPosition(float x, float y, float z){setPosition(vec<float, 3>(x, y, z));}
+
+	void setFocalDistance(float distance){focus = distance;}
+	void setFOV(float field_of_view){fov = field_of_view;}
+
+	void LookAt(vec<float, 3> pos)
+	{
+		//find the new direction
+		d = pos - p;
+
+		//find the distance from the look-at point to the current position
+		focus = d.len();
+
+		//stabalize the camera
+		stabalize();
+	}
+	void LookAt(float px, float py, float pz){LookAt(vec<float, 3>(px, py, pz));}
+	void LookAt(vec<float, 3> pos, vec<float, 3> new_up){up = new_up; LookAt(pos);}
+	void LookAt(float px, float py, float pz, float ux, float uy, float uz){LookAt(vec<float, 3>(px, py, pz), vec<float, 3>(ux, uy, uz));}
+	void LookAtDolly(float lx, float ly, float lz)
+	{
+		//find the current focus point
+		vec<float, 3> f = p + focus*d;
+		vec<float, 3> T = vec<float, 3>(lx, ly, lz) - f;
+		p = p + T;
+	}
+
+	void Dolly(vec<float, 3> direction)
+	{
+		p = p+direction;
+	}
+	void Dolly(float x, float y, float z){Dolly(vec<float, 3>(x, y, z));}
+	void Push(float delta)
+	{
+		if(delta > focus)
+			delta = focus;
+
+		focus -= delta;
+
+		Dolly(d*delta);
+	}
+
+	void Pan(float theta_x, float theta_y, float theta_z)
+	{
+		//x rotation is around the up axis
+		quaternion<float> qx;
+		qx.CreateRotation(theta_x, up[0], up[1], up[2]);
+
+		//y rotation is around the side axis
+		vec<float, 3> side = up.cross(d);
+		quaternion<float> qy;
+		qy.CreateRotation(theta_y, side[0], side[1], side[2]);
+
+		//z rotation is around the direction vector
+		quaternion<float> qz;
+		qz.CreateRotation(theta_z, d[0], d[1], d[2]);
+
+		//combine the rotations in x, y, z order
+		quaternion<float> final = qz*qy*qx;
+
+		//get the rotation matrix
+		matrix<float, 3> rot_matrix = final.toMatrix3();
+
+		//apply the rotation
+		d = rot_matrix*d;
+		up = rot_matrix*up;
+
+		//stabalize the camera
+		stabalize();
+
+	}
+	void Pan(float theta_x){Pan(theta_x, 0, 0);}
+	void Tilt(float theta_y){Pan(0, theta_y, 0);}
+	void Twist(float theta_z){Pan(0, 0, theta_z);}
+
+	void Zoom(float delta)
+	{
+		fov -= delta;
+		if(fov < 0.5)
+			fov = 0.5;
+		if(fov > 180)
+			fov = 180;
+	}
+
+	void OrbitFocus(float theta_x, float theta_y)
+	{
+		//find the focal point
+		vec<float, 3> focal_point = p + focus*d;
+
+		//center the coordinate system on the focal point
+		vec<float, 3> centered = p - (focal_point - vec<float, 3>(0, 0, 0));
+
+		//create the x rotation (around the up vector)
+		quaternion<float> qx;
+		qx.CreateRotation(theta_x, up[0], up[1], up[2]);
+		centered = vec<float, 3>(0, 0, 0) + qx.toMatrix3()*(centered - vec<float, 3>(0, 0, 0));
+
+		//get a side vector for theta_y rotation
+		vec<float, 3> side = up.cross((vec<float, 3>(0, 0, 0) - centered).norm());
+
+		quaternion<float> qy;
+		qy.CreateRotation(theta_y, side[0], side[1], side[2]);
+		centered = vec<float, 3>(0, 0, 0) + qy.toMatrix3()*(centered - vec<float, 3>(0, 0, 0));
+
+		//perform the rotation on the centered camera position
+		//centered = final.toMatrix()*centered;
+
+		//re-position the camera
+		p = centered + (focal_point - vec<float, 3>(0, 0, 0));
+
+		//make sure we are looking at the focal point
+		LookAt(focal_point);
+
+		//stabalize the camera
+		stabalize();
+
+	}
+
+	void Slide(float u, float v)
+	{
+		vec<float, 3> V = up.norm();
+		vec<float, 3> U = up.cross(d).norm();
+
+		p = p + (V * v) + (U * u);
+	}
+
+	//accessor methods
+	vec<float, 3> getPosition(){return p;}
+	vec<float, 3> getUp(){return up;}
+	vec<float, 3> getDirection(){return d;}
+	vec<float, 3> getLookAt(){return p + focus*d;}
+	float getFOV(){return fov;}
+
+	//output the camera settings
+	const void print(std::ostream& output)
+	{
+		output<<"Position: "<<p<<std::endl;
+
+	}
+	friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const camera& c)
+	{
+		out<<"Position: "<<c.p<<std::endl;
+		out<<"Direction: "<<c.d<<std::endl;
+		out<<"Up: "<<c.up<<std::endl;
+		out<<"Focal Distance: "<<c.focus<<std::endl;
+		return out;
+	}
+
+	//constructor
+	camera()
+	{
+		p = vec<float, 3>(0, 0, 0);
+		d = vec<float, 3>(0, 0, 1);
+		up = vec<float, 3>(0, 1, 0);
+		focus = 1;
+
+	}
+};
+
+}
+
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/stim/visualization/colormap.h b/stim/visualization/colormap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34eef07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stim/visualization/colormap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+#ifndef STIM_COLORMAP_H
+#define STIM_COLORMAP_H
+
+#include <string>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+#include "../cuda/error.h"
+#endif
+
+//saving an image to a file uses the CImg library
+	//this currently throws a lot of "unreachable" warnings (as of GCC 4.8.2, nvcc 6.5.12)
+#include "../image/image.h"
+
+
+#define BREWER_CTRL_PTS 11
+
+static float  BREWERCP[BREWER_CTRL_PTS*4] = {0.192157f, 0.211765f, 0.584314f, 1.0f,
+                                      0.270588f, 0.458824f, 0.705882f, 1.0f,
+                                      0.454902f, 0.678431f, 0.819608f, 1.0f,
+                                      0.670588f, 0.85098f, 0.913725f, 1.0f,
+                                      0.878431f, 0.952941f, 0.972549f, 1.0f,
+                                      1.0f, 1.0f, 0.74902f, 1.0f,
+                                      0.996078f, 0.878431f, 0.564706f, 1.0f,
+                                      0.992157f, 0.682353f, 0.380392f, 1.0f,
+                                      0.956863f, 0.427451f, 0.262745f, 1.0f,
+                                      0.843137f, 0.188235f, 0.152941f, 1.0f,
+                                      0.647059f, 0.0f, 0.14902f, 1.0f};
+
+
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+texture<float4, cudaTextureType1D> cudaTexBrewer;
+static cudaArray* gpuBrewer;
+#endif
+
+namespace stim{
+
+enum colormapType {cmBrewer, cmGrayscale, cmRainbow};
+
+static void buffer2image(unsigned char* buffer, std::string filename, unsigned int width, unsigned int height)
+{
+	/*unsigned char* non_interleaved = (unsigned char*)malloc(x_size * y_size * 3);
+	unsigned int S = x_size * y_size;
+
+	for(unsigned int i = 0; i < S; i++){
+		non_interleaved[i + 0 * S] = buffer[i * 3 + 0];
+		non_interleaved[i + 1 * S] = buffer[i * 3 + 1];
+		non_interleaved[i + 2 * S] = buffer[i * 3 + 2];
+	}*/
+
+	//create an image object
+	//cimg_library::CImg<unsigned char> image(non_interleaved, x_size, y_size, 1, 3);
+	//image.save(filename.c_str());
+    image<unsigned char> I;
+    I.set_interleaved(buffer, width, height, 3);
+	I.save(filename);
+}
+
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+static void initBrewer()
+{
+	//initialize the Brewer colormap
+
+	//allocate CPU space
+	float4 cpuColorMap[BREWER_CTRL_PTS];
+
+	//define control rtsPoints
+	cpuColorMap[0] = make_float4(0.192157f, 0.211765f, 0.584314f, 1.0f);
+	cpuColorMap[1] = make_float4(0.270588f, 0.458824f, 0.705882f, 1.0f);
+	cpuColorMap[2] = make_float4(0.454902f, 0.678431f, 0.819608f, 1.0f);
+	cpuColorMap[3] = make_float4(0.670588f, 0.85098f, 0.913725f, 1.0f);
+	cpuColorMap[4] = make_float4(0.878431f, 0.952941f, 0.972549f, 1.0f);
+	cpuColorMap[5] = make_float4(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.74902f, 1.0f);
+	cpuColorMap[6] = make_float4(0.996078f, 0.878431f, 0.564706f, 1.0f);
+	cpuColorMap[7] = make_float4(0.992157f, 0.682353f, 0.380392f, 1.0f);
+	cpuColorMap[8] = make_float4(0.956863f, 0.427451f, 0.262745f, 1.0f);
+	cpuColorMap[9] = make_float4(0.843137f, 0.188235f, 0.152941f, 1.0f);
+	cpuColorMap[10] = make_float4(0.647059f, 0.0f, 0.14902f, 1.0f);
+
+
+	int width = BREWER_CTRL_PTS;
+	int height = 0;
+
+
+	// allocate array and copy colormap data
+	cudaChannelFormatDesc channelDesc = cudaCreateChannelDesc(32, 32, 32, 32, cudaChannelFormatKindFloat);
+
+	HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMallocArray(&gpuBrewer, &channelDesc, width, height));
+
+	HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpyToArray(gpuBrewer, 0, 0, cpuColorMap, sizeof(float4)*width, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
+
+	// set texture parameters
+    cudaTexBrewer.addressMode[0] = cudaAddressModeClamp;
+	//texBrewer.addressMode[1] = cudaAddressModeClamp;
+    cudaTexBrewer.filterMode = cudaFilterModeLinear;
+    cudaTexBrewer.normalized = true;  // access with normalized texture coordinates
+
+	// Bind the array to the texture
+    HANDLE_ERROR(cudaBindTextureToArray( cudaTexBrewer, gpuBrewer, channelDesc));
+
+}
+
+static void destroyBrewer()
+{
+    HANDLE_ERROR(cudaFreeArray(gpuBrewer));
+}
+
+template<class T>
+__global__ static void applyBrewer(T* gpuSource, unsigned char* gpuDest, unsigned int N, T minVal = 0, T maxVal = 1)
+{
+
+	int i = blockIdx.y * gridDim.x * blockDim.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+    if(i >= N) return;
+
+	//compute the normalized value on [minVal maxVal]
+	float a = (gpuSource[i] - minVal) / (maxVal - minVal);
+
+    //compensate for the additional space at the edges
+    a *= (T)(BREWER_CTRL_PTS - 1)/(T)(BREWER_CTRL_PTS);
+
+	//lookup the color
+	float shift = (T)1/(2*BREWER_CTRL_PTS);
+	float4 color = tex1D(cudaTexBrewer, a+shift);
+	//float4 color = tex1D(cudaTexBrewer, a);
+
+	gpuDest[i * 3 + 0] = 255 * color.x;
+	gpuDest[i * 3 + 1] = 255 * color.y;
+	gpuDest[i * 3 + 2] = 255 * color.z;
+}
+
+template<class T>
+__global__ static void applyGrayscale(T* gpuSource, unsigned char* gpuDest, unsigned int N, T minVal = 0, T maxVal = 1)
+{
+    int i = blockIdx.y * gridDim.x * blockDim.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+    if(i >= N) return;
+
+	//compute the normalized value on [minVal maxVal]
+	float a = (gpuSource[i] - minVal) / (maxVal - minVal);
+
+	//threshold
+	if(a > 1)
+        a = 1;
+    if(a < 0)
+        a = 0;
+
+	gpuDest[i * 3 + 0] = 255 * a;
+	gpuDest[i * 3 + 1] = 255 * a;
+	gpuDest[i * 3 + 2] = 255 * a;
+}
+
+template<class T>
+static void gpu2gpu(T* gpuSource, unsigned char* gpuDest, unsigned int nVals, T minVal = 0, T maxVal = 1, colormapType cm = cmGrayscale, int blockDim = 128)
+{
+	//This function converts a scalar field on the GPU to a color image on the GPU
+	int gridX = (nVals + blockDim - 1)/blockDim;
+	int gridY = 1;
+    if(gridX > 65535)
+    {
+        gridY = (gridX + 65535 - 1) / 65535;
+        gridX = 65535;
+    }
+    dim3 dimGrid(gridX, gridY);
+	//int gridDim = (nVals + blockDim - 1)/blockDim;
+	if(cm == cmGrayscale)
+		applyGrayscale<<<dimGrid, blockDim>>>(gpuSource, gpuDest, nVals, minVal, maxVal);
+	else if(cm == cmBrewer)
+	{
+		initBrewer();
+		applyBrewer<<<dimGrid, blockDim>>>(gpuSource, gpuDest, nVals, minVal, maxVal);
+		//HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemset(gpuDest, 0, sizeof(unsigned char) * nVals * 3));
+		destroyBrewer();
+	}
+
+}
+
+template<class T>
+static void gpu2cpu(T* gpuSource, unsigned char* cpuDest, unsigned int nVals, T minVal, T maxVal, colormapType cm = cmGrayscale)
+{
+    //this function converts a scalar field on the GPU to a color image on the CPU
+
+    //first create the color image on the GPU
+
+    //allocate GPU memory for the color image
+    unsigned char* gpuDest;
+    HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc( (void**)&gpuDest, sizeof(unsigned char) * nVals * 3 ));
+
+	//HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemset(gpuSource, 0, sizeof(T) * nVals));
+
+    //create the image on the gpu
+    gpu2gpu(gpuSource, gpuDest, nVals, minVal, maxVal, cm);
+
+	//HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemset(gpuDest, 0, sizeof(unsigned char) * nVals * 3));
+
+    //copy the image from the GPU to the CPU
+    HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(cpuDest, gpuDest, sizeof(unsigned char) * nVals * 3, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost));
+
+	HANDLE_ERROR(cudaFree( gpuDest ));
+
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static void gpu2image(T* gpuSource, std::string fileDest, unsigned int x_size, unsigned int y_size, T valMin, T valMax, colormapType cm = cmGrayscale)
+{
+	//allocate a color buffer
+	unsigned char* cpuBuffer = NULL;
+	cpuBuffer = (unsigned char*) malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * 3 * x_size * y_size);
+
+	//do the mapping
+	gpu2cpu<T>(gpuSource, cpuBuffer, x_size * y_size, valMin, valMax, cm);
+
+	//copy the buffer to an image
+	buffer2image(cpuBuffer, fileDest, x_size, y_size);
+
+	free(cpuBuffer);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+template<class T>
+static void cpuApplyBrewer(T* cpuSource, unsigned char* cpuDest, unsigned int N, T minVal = 0, T maxVal = 1)
+{
+    for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
+    {
+        //compute the normalized value on [minVal maxVal]
+        float a = (cpuSource[i] - minVal) / (maxVal - minVal);
+        if(a < 0) a = 0;
+        if(a > 1) a = 1;
+
+        float c = a * (float)(BREWER_CTRL_PTS-1);
+        int ptLow = (int)c;
+        float m = c - (float)ptLow;
+        //std::cout<<m<<std::endl;
+
+        float r, g, b;
+        if(ptLow == BREWER_CTRL_PTS - 1)
+        {
+            r = BREWERCP[ptLow * 4 + 0];
+            g = BREWERCP[ptLow * 4 + 1];
+            b = BREWERCP[ptLow * 4 + 2];
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            r = BREWERCP[ptLow * 4 + 0] * (1-m) + BREWERCP[ (ptLow+1) * 4 + 0] * m;
+            g = BREWERCP[ptLow * 4 + 1] * (1-m) + BREWERCP[ (ptLow+1) * 4 + 1] * m;
+            b = BREWERCP[ptLow * 4 + 2] * (1-m) + BREWERCP[ (ptLow+1) * 4 + 2] * m;
+        }
+
+
+        cpuDest[i * 3 + 0] = 255 * r;
+        cpuDest[i * 3 + 1] = 255 * g;
+        cpuDest[i * 3 + 2] = 255 * b;
+
+    }
+}
+
+template<class T>
+static void cpu2cpu(T* cpuSource, unsigned char* cpuDest, unsigned int nVals, T valMin, T valMax, colormapType cm = cmGrayscale)
+{
+
+    if(cm == cmBrewer)
+        cpuApplyBrewer(cpuSource, cpuDest, nVals, valMin, valMax);
+    else if(cm == cmGrayscale)
+    {
+        int i;
+        float a;
+        float range = valMax - valMin;
+        for(i = 0; i<nVals; i++)
+        {
+            //normalize to the range [valMin valMax]
+            a = (cpuSource[i] - valMin) / range;
+
+            if(a < 0) a = 0;
+            if(a > 1) a = 1;
+
+            cpuDest[i * 3 + 0] = 255 * a;
+            cpuDest[i * 3 + 1] = 255 * a;
+            cpuDest[i * 3 + 2] = 255 * a;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template<class T>
+static void cpu2cpu(T* cpuSource, unsigned char* cpuDest, unsigned int nVals, colormapType cm = cmGrayscale, bool positive = false)
+{
+    //computes the max and min range automatically
+
+    //find the largest magnitude value
+    T maxVal = fabs(cpuSource[0]);
+    for(int i=0; i<nVals; i++)
+	{
+        if(fabs(cpuSource[i]) > maxVal)
+            maxVal = fabs(cpuSource[i]);
+	}
+
+    if(positive)
+        cpu2cpu(cpuSource, cpuDest, nVals, (T)0, maxVal, cm);
+    else
+        cpu2cpu(cpuSource, cpuDest, nVals, -maxVal, maxVal, cm);
+
+}
+
+
+
+template<typename T>
+static void cpu2image(T* cpuSource, std::string fileDest, unsigned int x_size, unsigned int y_size, T valMin, T valMax, colormapType cm = cmGrayscale)
+{
+    //allocate a color buffer
+	unsigned char* cpuBuffer = (unsigned char*) malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * 3 * x_size * y_size);
+
+	//do the mapping
+	cpu2cpu<T>(cpuSource, cpuBuffer, x_size * y_size, valMin, valMax, cm);
+
+	//copy the buffer to an image
+	buffer2image(cpuBuffer, fileDest, x_size, y_size);
+
+	free(cpuBuffer);
+
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static void cpu2image(T* cpuSource, std::string fileDest, unsigned int x_size, unsigned int y_size, colormapType cm = cmGrayscale, bool positive = false)
+{
+    //allocate a color buffer
+	unsigned char* cpuBuffer = (unsigned char*) malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * 3 * x_size * y_size);
+
+	//do the mapping
+	cpu2cpu<T>(cpuSource, cpuBuffer, x_size * y_size, cm, positive);
+
+	//copy the buffer to an image
+	buffer2image(cpuBuffer, fileDest, x_size, y_size);
+
+	free(cpuBuffer);
+
+}
+
+}	//end namespace colormap and rts
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/ui/progressbar.h b/ui/progressbar.h
deleted file mode 100644
index f62f7e0..0000000
--- a/ui/progressbar.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef RTS_PROGRESSBAR_H
-#define RTS_PROGRESSBAR_H
-
-#include <iostream>
-#include <sstream>
-using namespace std;
-
-static void rtsProgressBar(int percent)
-{
-	stringstream bar;
-	static int x = 0;
-	string slash[4];
-	slash[0] = "\\";
-	slash[1] = "-";
-	slash[2] = "/";
-	slash[3] = "|";
-	bar<<"[";
-	for(int i=0; i<40; i++)
-	{
-		if(percent > (float)i/(float)40 *100)
-			bar << "*";
-		else
-			bar << " ";
-	}
-	bar<<"]";
-	cout << "\r"; // carriage return back to beginning of line
-	cout << bar.str() << " " << slash[x] << " " << percent << " %"; // print the bars and percentage
-	x++; // increment to make the slash appear to rotate
-	if(x == 4)
-	x = 0; // reset slash animation
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/visualization/camera.h b/visualization/camera.h
deleted file mode 100644
index d1225a3..0000000
--- a/visualization/camera.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,197 +0,0 @@
-#include "../math/vector.h"
-#include "../math/quaternion.h"
-#include "../math/matrix.h"
-
-#include <ostream>
-
-#ifndef STIM_CAMERA_H
-#define STIM_CAMERA_H
-
-namespace stim{
-
-class camera
-{
-	vec<float, 3> d;	//direction that the camera is pointing
-	vec<float, 3> p;	//position of the camera
-	vec<float, 3> up;	//"up" direction
-	float focus;		//focal length of the camera
-	float fov;
-
-	//private function makes sure that the up vector is orthogonal to the direction vector and both are normalized
-	void stabalize()
-	{
-		vec<float, 3> side = up.cross(d);
-		up = d.cross(side);
-		up = up.norm();
-		d = d.norm();
-	}
-
-public:
-	void setPosition(vec<float, 3> pos)
-	{
-		p = pos;
-	}
-	void setPosition(float x, float y, float z){setPosition(vec<float, 3>(x, y, z));}
-
-	void setFocalDistance(float distance){focus = distance;}
-	void setFOV(float field_of_view){fov = field_of_view;}
-
-	void LookAt(vec<float, 3> pos)
-	{
-		//find the new direction
-		d = pos - p;
-
-		//find the distance from the look-at point to the current position
-		focus = d.len();
-
-		//stabalize the camera
-		stabalize();
-	}
-	void LookAt(float px, float py, float pz){LookAt(vec<float, 3>(px, py, pz));}
-	void LookAt(vec<float, 3> pos, vec<float, 3> new_up){up = new_up; LookAt(pos);}
-	void LookAt(float px, float py, float pz, float ux, float uy, float uz){LookAt(vec<float, 3>(px, py, pz), vec<float, 3>(ux, uy, uz));}
-	void LookAtDolly(float lx, float ly, float lz)
-	{
-		//find the current focus point
-		vec<float, 3> f = p + focus*d;
-		vec<float, 3> T = vec<float, 3>(lx, ly, lz) - f;
-		p = p + T;
-	}
-
-	void Dolly(vec<float, 3> direction)
-	{
-		p = p+direction;
-	}
-	void Dolly(float x, float y, float z){Dolly(vec<float, 3>(x, y, z));}
-	void Push(float delta)
-	{
-		if(delta > focus)
-			delta = focus;
-
-		focus -= delta;
-
-		Dolly(d*delta);
-	}
-
-	void Pan(float theta_x, float theta_y, float theta_z)
-	{
-		//x rotation is around the up axis
-		quaternion<float> qx;
-		qx.CreateRotation(theta_x, up[0], up[1], up[2]);
-
-		//y rotation is around the side axis
-		vec<float, 3> side = up.cross(d);
-		quaternion<float> qy;
-		qy.CreateRotation(theta_y, side[0], side[1], side[2]);
-
-		//z rotation is around the direction vector
-		quaternion<float> qz;
-		qz.CreateRotation(theta_z, d[0], d[1], d[2]);
-
-		//combine the rotations in x, y, z order
-		quaternion<float> final = qz*qy*qx;
-
-		//get the rotation matrix
-		matrix<float, 3> rot_matrix = final.toMatrix3();
-
-		//apply the rotation
-		d = rot_matrix*d;
-		up = rot_matrix*up;
-
-		//stabalize the camera
-		stabalize();
-
-	}
-	void Pan(float theta_x){Pan(theta_x, 0, 0);}
-	void Tilt(float theta_y){Pan(0, theta_y, 0);}
-	void Twist(float theta_z){Pan(0, 0, theta_z);}
-
-	void Zoom(float delta)
-	{
-		fov -= delta;
-		if(fov < 0.5)
-			fov = 0.5;
-		if(fov > 180)
-			fov = 180;
-	}
-
-	void OrbitFocus(float theta_x, float theta_y)
-	{
-		//find the focal point
-		vec<float, 3> focal_point = p + focus*d;
-
-		//center the coordinate system on the focal point
-		vec<float, 3> centered = p - (focal_point - vec<float, 3>(0, 0, 0));
-
-		//create the x rotation (around the up vector)
-		quaternion<float> qx;
-		qx.CreateRotation(theta_x, up[0], up[1], up[2]);
-		centered = vec<float, 3>(0, 0, 0) + qx.toMatrix3()*(centered - vec<float, 3>(0, 0, 0));
-
-		//get a side vector for theta_y rotation
-		vec<float, 3> side = up.cross((vec<float, 3>(0, 0, 0) - centered).norm());
-
-		quaternion<float> qy;
-		qy.CreateRotation(theta_y, side[0], side[1], side[2]);
-		centered = vec<float, 3>(0, 0, 0) + qy.toMatrix3()*(centered - vec<float, 3>(0, 0, 0));
-
-		//perform the rotation on the centered camera position
-		//centered = final.toMatrix()*centered;
-
-		//re-position the camera
-		p = centered + (focal_point - vec<float, 3>(0, 0, 0));
-
-		//make sure we are looking at the focal point
-		LookAt(focal_point);
-
-		//stabalize the camera
-		stabalize();
-
-	}
-
-	void Slide(float u, float v)
-	{
-		vec<float, 3> V = up.norm();
-		vec<float, 3> U = up.cross(d).norm();
-
-		p = p + (V * v) + (U * u);
-	}
-
-	//accessor methods
-	vec<float, 3> getPosition(){return p;}
-	vec<float, 3> getUp(){return up;}
-	vec<float, 3> getDirection(){return d;}
-	vec<float, 3> getLookAt(){return p + focus*d;}
-	float getFOV(){return fov;}
-
-	//output the camera settings
-	const void print(std::ostream& output)
-	{
-		output<<"Position: "<<p<<std::endl;
-
-	}
-	friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const camera& c)
-	{
-		out<<"Position: "<<c.p<<std::endl;
-		out<<"Direction: "<<c.d<<std::endl;
-		out<<"Up: "<<c.up<<std::endl;
-		out<<"Focal Distance: "<<c.focus<<std::endl;
-		return out;
-	}
-
-	//constructor
-	camera()
-	{
-		p = vec<float, 3>(0, 0, 0);
-		d = vec<float, 3>(0, 0, 1);
-		up = vec<float, 3>(0, 1, 0);
-		focus = 1;
-
-	}
-};
-
-}
-
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/visualization/colormap.h b/visualization/colormap.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 34eef07..0000000
--- a/visualization/colormap.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,338 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef STIM_COLORMAP_H
-#define STIM_COLORMAP_H
-
-#include <string>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#ifdef __CUDACC__
-#include "../cuda/error.h"
-#endif
-
-//saving an image to a file uses the CImg library
-	//this currently throws a lot of "unreachable" warnings (as of GCC 4.8.2, nvcc 6.5.12)
-#include "../image/image.h"
-
-
-#define BREWER_CTRL_PTS 11
-
-static float  BREWERCP[BREWER_CTRL_PTS*4] = {0.192157f, 0.211765f, 0.584314f, 1.0f,
-                                      0.270588f, 0.458824f, 0.705882f, 1.0f,
-                                      0.454902f, 0.678431f, 0.819608f, 1.0f,
-                                      0.670588f, 0.85098f, 0.913725f, 1.0f,
-                                      0.878431f, 0.952941f, 0.972549f, 1.0f,
-                                      1.0f, 1.0f, 0.74902f, 1.0f,
-                                      0.996078f, 0.878431f, 0.564706f, 1.0f,
-                                      0.992157f, 0.682353f, 0.380392f, 1.0f,
-                                      0.956863f, 0.427451f, 0.262745f, 1.0f,
-                                      0.843137f, 0.188235f, 0.152941f, 1.0f,
-                                      0.647059f, 0.0f, 0.14902f, 1.0f};
-
-
-#ifdef __CUDACC__
-texture<float4, cudaTextureType1D> cudaTexBrewer;
-static cudaArray* gpuBrewer;
-#endif
-
-namespace stim{
-
-enum colormapType {cmBrewer, cmGrayscale, cmRainbow};
-
-static void buffer2image(unsigned char* buffer, std::string filename, unsigned int width, unsigned int height)
-{
-	/*unsigned char* non_interleaved = (unsigned char*)malloc(x_size * y_size * 3);
-	unsigned int S = x_size * y_size;
-
-	for(unsigned int i = 0; i < S; i++){
-		non_interleaved[i + 0 * S] = buffer[i * 3 + 0];
-		non_interleaved[i + 1 * S] = buffer[i * 3 + 1];
-		non_interleaved[i + 2 * S] = buffer[i * 3 + 2];
-	}*/
-
-	//create an image object
-	//cimg_library::CImg<unsigned char> image(non_interleaved, x_size, y_size, 1, 3);
-	//image.save(filename.c_str());
-    image<unsigned char> I;
-    I.set_interleaved(buffer, width, height, 3);
-	I.save(filename);
-}
-
-#ifdef __CUDACC__
-static void initBrewer()
-{
-	//initialize the Brewer colormap
-
-	//allocate CPU space
-	float4 cpuColorMap[BREWER_CTRL_PTS];
-
-	//define control rtsPoints
-	cpuColorMap[0] = make_float4(0.192157f, 0.211765f, 0.584314f, 1.0f);
-	cpuColorMap[1] = make_float4(0.270588f, 0.458824f, 0.705882f, 1.0f);
-	cpuColorMap[2] = make_float4(0.454902f, 0.678431f, 0.819608f, 1.0f);
-	cpuColorMap[3] = make_float4(0.670588f, 0.85098f, 0.913725f, 1.0f);
-	cpuColorMap[4] = make_float4(0.878431f, 0.952941f, 0.972549f, 1.0f);
-	cpuColorMap[5] = make_float4(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.74902f, 1.0f);
-	cpuColorMap[6] = make_float4(0.996078f, 0.878431f, 0.564706f, 1.0f);
-	cpuColorMap[7] = make_float4(0.992157f, 0.682353f, 0.380392f, 1.0f);
-	cpuColorMap[8] = make_float4(0.956863f, 0.427451f, 0.262745f, 1.0f);
-	cpuColorMap[9] = make_float4(0.843137f, 0.188235f, 0.152941f, 1.0f);
-	cpuColorMap[10] = make_float4(0.647059f, 0.0f, 0.14902f, 1.0f);
-
-
-	int width = BREWER_CTRL_PTS;
-	int height = 0;
-
-
-	// allocate array and copy colormap data
-	cudaChannelFormatDesc channelDesc = cudaCreateChannelDesc(32, 32, 32, 32, cudaChannelFormatKindFloat);
-
-	HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMallocArray(&gpuBrewer, &channelDesc, width, height));
-
-	HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpyToArray(gpuBrewer, 0, 0, cpuColorMap, sizeof(float4)*width, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
-
-	// set texture parameters
-    cudaTexBrewer.addressMode[0] = cudaAddressModeClamp;
-	//texBrewer.addressMode[1] = cudaAddressModeClamp;
-    cudaTexBrewer.filterMode = cudaFilterModeLinear;
-    cudaTexBrewer.normalized = true;  // access with normalized texture coordinates
-
-	// Bind the array to the texture
-    HANDLE_ERROR(cudaBindTextureToArray( cudaTexBrewer, gpuBrewer, channelDesc));
-
-}
-
-static void destroyBrewer()
-{
-    HANDLE_ERROR(cudaFreeArray(gpuBrewer));
-}
-
-template<class T>
-__global__ static void applyBrewer(T* gpuSource, unsigned char* gpuDest, unsigned int N, T minVal = 0, T maxVal = 1)
-{
-
-	int i = blockIdx.y * gridDim.x * blockDim.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-    if(i >= N) return;
-
-	//compute the normalized value on [minVal maxVal]
-	float a = (gpuSource[i] - minVal) / (maxVal - minVal);
-
-    //compensate for the additional space at the edges
-    a *= (T)(BREWER_CTRL_PTS - 1)/(T)(BREWER_CTRL_PTS);
-
-	//lookup the color
-	float shift = (T)1/(2*BREWER_CTRL_PTS);
-	float4 color = tex1D(cudaTexBrewer, a+shift);
-	//float4 color = tex1D(cudaTexBrewer, a);
-
-	gpuDest[i * 3 + 0] = 255 * color.x;
-	gpuDest[i * 3 + 1] = 255 * color.y;
-	gpuDest[i * 3 + 2] = 255 * color.z;
-}
-
-template<class T>
-__global__ static void applyGrayscale(T* gpuSource, unsigned char* gpuDest, unsigned int N, T minVal = 0, T maxVal = 1)
-{
-    int i = blockIdx.y * gridDim.x * blockDim.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-    if(i >= N) return;
-
-	//compute the normalized value on [minVal maxVal]
-	float a = (gpuSource[i] - minVal) / (maxVal - minVal);
-
-	//threshold
-	if(a > 1)
-        a = 1;
-    if(a < 0)
-        a = 0;
-
-	gpuDest[i * 3 + 0] = 255 * a;
-	gpuDest[i * 3 + 1] = 255 * a;
-	gpuDest[i * 3 + 2] = 255 * a;
-}
-
-template<class T>
-static void gpu2gpu(T* gpuSource, unsigned char* gpuDest, unsigned int nVals, T minVal = 0, T maxVal = 1, colormapType cm = cmGrayscale, int blockDim = 128)
-{
-	//This function converts a scalar field on the GPU to a color image on the GPU
-	int gridX = (nVals + blockDim - 1)/blockDim;
-	int gridY = 1;
-    if(gridX > 65535)
-    {
-        gridY = (gridX + 65535 - 1) / 65535;
-        gridX = 65535;
-    }
-    dim3 dimGrid(gridX, gridY);
-	//int gridDim = (nVals + blockDim - 1)/blockDim;
-	if(cm == cmGrayscale)
-		applyGrayscale<<<dimGrid, blockDim>>>(gpuSource, gpuDest, nVals, minVal, maxVal);
-	else if(cm == cmBrewer)
-	{
-		initBrewer();
-		applyBrewer<<<dimGrid, blockDim>>>(gpuSource, gpuDest, nVals, minVal, maxVal);
-		//HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemset(gpuDest, 0, sizeof(unsigned char) * nVals * 3));
-		destroyBrewer();
-	}
-
-}
-
-template<class T>
-static void gpu2cpu(T* gpuSource, unsigned char* cpuDest, unsigned int nVals, T minVal, T maxVal, colormapType cm = cmGrayscale)
-{
-    //this function converts a scalar field on the GPU to a color image on the CPU
-
-    //first create the color image on the GPU
-
-    //allocate GPU memory for the color image
-    unsigned char* gpuDest;
-    HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc( (void**)&gpuDest, sizeof(unsigned char) * nVals * 3 ));
-
-	//HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemset(gpuSource, 0, sizeof(T) * nVals));
-
-    //create the image on the gpu
-    gpu2gpu(gpuSource, gpuDest, nVals, minVal, maxVal, cm);
-
-	//HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemset(gpuDest, 0, sizeof(unsigned char) * nVals * 3));
-
-    //copy the image from the GPU to the CPU
-    HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(cpuDest, gpuDest, sizeof(unsigned char) * nVals * 3, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost));
-
-	HANDLE_ERROR(cudaFree( gpuDest ));
-
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-static void gpu2image(T* gpuSource, std::string fileDest, unsigned int x_size, unsigned int y_size, T valMin, T valMax, colormapType cm = cmGrayscale)
-{
-	//allocate a color buffer
-	unsigned char* cpuBuffer = NULL;
-	cpuBuffer = (unsigned char*) malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * 3 * x_size * y_size);
-
-	//do the mapping
-	gpu2cpu<T>(gpuSource, cpuBuffer, x_size * y_size, valMin, valMax, cm);
-
-	//copy the buffer to an image
-	buffer2image(cpuBuffer, fileDest, x_size, y_size);
-
-	free(cpuBuffer);
-}
-
-#endif
-
-template<class T>
-static void cpuApplyBrewer(T* cpuSource, unsigned char* cpuDest, unsigned int N, T minVal = 0, T maxVal = 1)
-{
-    for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
-    {
-        //compute the normalized value on [minVal maxVal]
-        float a = (cpuSource[i] - minVal) / (maxVal - minVal);
-        if(a < 0) a = 0;
-        if(a > 1) a = 1;
-
-        float c = a * (float)(BREWER_CTRL_PTS-1);
-        int ptLow = (int)c;
-        float m = c - (float)ptLow;
-        //std::cout<<m<<std::endl;
-
-        float r, g, b;
-        if(ptLow == BREWER_CTRL_PTS - 1)
-        {
-            r = BREWERCP[ptLow * 4 + 0];
-            g = BREWERCP[ptLow * 4 + 1];
-            b = BREWERCP[ptLow * 4 + 2];
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            r = BREWERCP[ptLow * 4 + 0] * (1-m) + BREWERCP[ (ptLow+1) * 4 + 0] * m;
-            g = BREWERCP[ptLow * 4 + 1] * (1-m) + BREWERCP[ (ptLow+1) * 4 + 1] * m;
-            b = BREWERCP[ptLow * 4 + 2] * (1-m) + BREWERCP[ (ptLow+1) * 4 + 2] * m;
-        }
-
-
-        cpuDest[i * 3 + 0] = 255 * r;
-        cpuDest[i * 3 + 1] = 255 * g;
-        cpuDest[i * 3 + 2] = 255 * b;
-
-    }
-}
-
-template<class T>
-static void cpu2cpu(T* cpuSource, unsigned char* cpuDest, unsigned int nVals, T valMin, T valMax, colormapType cm = cmGrayscale)
-{
-
-    if(cm == cmBrewer)
-        cpuApplyBrewer(cpuSource, cpuDest, nVals, valMin, valMax);
-    else if(cm == cmGrayscale)
-    {
-        int i;
-        float a;
-        float range = valMax - valMin;
-        for(i = 0; i<nVals; i++)
-        {
-            //normalize to the range [valMin valMax]
-            a = (cpuSource[i] - valMin) / range;
-
-            if(a < 0) a = 0;
-            if(a > 1) a = 1;
-
-            cpuDest[i * 3 + 0] = 255 * a;
-            cpuDest[i * 3 + 1] = 255 * a;
-            cpuDest[i * 3 + 2] = 255 * a;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template<class T>
-static void cpu2cpu(T* cpuSource, unsigned char* cpuDest, unsigned int nVals, colormapType cm = cmGrayscale, bool positive = false)
-{
-    //computes the max and min range automatically
-
-    //find the largest magnitude value
-    T maxVal = fabs(cpuSource[0]);
-    for(int i=0; i<nVals; i++)
-	{
-        if(fabs(cpuSource[i]) > maxVal)
-            maxVal = fabs(cpuSource[i]);
-	}
-
-    if(positive)
-        cpu2cpu(cpuSource, cpuDest, nVals, (T)0, maxVal, cm);
-    else
-        cpu2cpu(cpuSource, cpuDest, nVals, -maxVal, maxVal, cm);
-
-}
-
-
-
-template<typename T>
-static void cpu2image(T* cpuSource, std::string fileDest, unsigned int x_size, unsigned int y_size, T valMin, T valMax, colormapType cm = cmGrayscale)
-{
-    //allocate a color buffer
-	unsigned char* cpuBuffer = (unsigned char*) malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * 3 * x_size * y_size);
-
-	//do the mapping
-	cpu2cpu<T>(cpuSource, cpuBuffer, x_size * y_size, valMin, valMax, cm);
-
-	//copy the buffer to an image
-	buffer2image(cpuBuffer, fileDest, x_size, y_size);
-
-	free(cpuBuffer);
-
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-static void cpu2image(T* cpuSource, std::string fileDest, unsigned int x_size, unsigned int y_size, colormapType cm = cmGrayscale, bool positive = false)
-{
-    //allocate a color buffer
-	unsigned char* cpuBuffer = (unsigned char*) malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * 3 * x_size * y_size);
-
-	//do the mapping
-	cpu2cpu<T>(cpuSource, cpuBuffer, x_size * y_size, cm, positive);
-
-	//copy the buffer to an image
-	buffer2image(cpuBuffer, fileDest, x_size, y_size);
-
-	free(cpuBuffer);
-
-}
-
-}	//end namespace colormap and rts
-
-#endif
-
--
libgit2 0.21.4