mie.h
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#ifndef STIM_MIE_H
#define STIM_MIE_H
#include "scalarwave.h"
#include "../math/bessel.h"
#include <cmath>
namespace stim{
/// Calculate the scattering coefficients for a spherical scatterer
template<typename T>
void B_coefficients(stim::complex<T>* B, T a, T k, stim::complex<T> n, int Nl){
//temporary variables
double vm; //allocate space to store the return values for the bessel function calculation
double* j_ka = (double*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(double) );
double* y_ka = (double*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(double) );
double* dj_ka= (double*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(double) );
double* dy_ka= (double*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(double) );
stim::complex<double>* j_kna = (stim::complex<double>*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(stim::complex<double>) );
stim::complex<double>* y_kna = (stim::complex<double>*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(stim::complex<double>) );
stim::complex<double>* dj_kna= (stim::complex<double>*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(stim::complex<double>) );
stim::complex<double>* dy_kna= (stim::complex<double>*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(stim::complex<double>) );
double ka = k * a; //store k*a (argument for spherical bessel and Hankel functions)
stim::complex<double> kna = k * n * a; //store k*n*a (argument for spherical bessel functions and derivatives)
stim::bessjyv_sph<double>(Nl, ka, vm, j_ka, y_ka, dj_ka, dy_ka); //calculate bessel functions and derivatives for k*a
stim::cbessjyva_sph<double>(Nl, kna, vm, j_kna, y_kna, dj_kna, dy_kna); //calculate complex bessel functions for k*n*a
stim::complex<double> h_ka, dh_ka;
stim::complex<double> numerator, denominator;
stim::complex<double> i(0, 1);
for(size_t l = 0; l <= Nl; l++){
h_ka.r = j_ka[l];
h_ka.i = y_ka[l];
dh_ka.r = dj_ka[l];
dh_ka.i = dy_ka[l];
numerator = j_ka[l] * dj_kna[l] * (stim::complex<double>)n - j_kna[l] * dj_ka[l];
denominator = j_kna[l] * dh_ka - h_ka * dj_kna[l] * (stim::complex<double>)n;
B[l] = (2 * l + 1) * pow(i, l) * numerator / denominator;
std::cout<<B[l]<<std::endl;
}
}
template<typename T>
void A_coefficients(stim::complex<T>* A, T a, T k, stim::complex<T> n, int Nl){
//temporary variables
double vm; //allocate space to store the return values for the bessel function calculation
double* j_ka = (double*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(double) );
double* y_ka = (double*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(double) );
double* dj_ka= (double*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(double) );
double* dy_ka= (double*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(double) );
stim::complex<double>* j_kna = (stim::complex<double>*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(stim::complex<double>) );
stim::complex<double>* y_kna = (stim::complex<double>*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(stim::complex<double>) );
stim::complex<double>* dj_kna= (stim::complex<double>*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(stim::complex<double>) );
stim::complex<double>* dy_kna= (stim::complex<double>*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(stim::complex<double>) );
double ka = k * a; //store k*a (argument for spherical bessel and Hankel functions)
stim::complex<double> kna = k * n * a; //store k*n*a (argument for spherical bessel functions and derivatives)
stim::bessjyv_sph<double>(Nl, ka, vm, j_ka, y_ka, dj_ka, dy_ka); //calculate bessel functions and derivatives for k*a
stim::cbessjyva_sph<double>(Nl, kna, vm, j_kna, y_kna, dj_kna, dy_kna); //calculate complex bessel functions for k*n*a
stim::complex<double> h_ka, dh_ka;
stim::complex<double> numerator, denominator;
stim::complex<double> i(0, 1);
for(size_t l = 0; l <= Nl; l++){
h_ka.r = j_ka[l];
h_ka.i = y_ka[l];
dh_ka.r = dj_ka[l];
dh_ka.i = dy_ka[l];
numerator = j_ka[l] * dh_ka - dj_ka[l] * h_ka;
denominator = j_kna[l] * dh_ka - h_ka * dj_kna[l] * (stim::complex<double>)n;
A[l] = (2 * l + 1) * pow(i, l) * numerator / denominator;
}
}
template<typename T>
__global__ void cuda_scalar_mie_scatter(stim::complex<T>* E, size_t N, T* x, T* y, T* z, stim::scalarwave<T>* W, size_t nW, T a, stim::complex<T> n, stim::complex<T>* B, T* j, T kr_min, T dkr, int Nl){
extern __shared__ stim::scalarwave<T> shared_W[]; //declare the list of waves in shared memory
stim::cuda::sharedMemcpy(shared_W, W, nW, threadIdx.x, blockDim.x); //copy the plane waves into shared memory for faster access
__syncthreads(); //synchronize threads to insure all data is copied
size_t i = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; //get the index into the array
if(i >= N) return; //exit if this thread is outside the array
stim::vec3<T> p;
(x == NULL) ? p[0] = 0 : p[0] = x[i]; // test for NULL values and set positions
(y == NULL) ? p[1] = 0 : p[1] = y[i];
(z == NULL) ? p[2] = 0 : p[2] = z[i];
T r = p.len(); //calculate the distance from the sphere
T k = W[0].kmag();
if(r < a) return; //exit if the point is inside the sphere (we only calculate the internal field)
size_t NC = Nl + 1; //calculate the number of coefficients to be used
T kr = r * k; //calculate the thread value for k*r
T fij = (kr - kr_min)/dkr; //FP index into the spherical bessel LUT
size_t ij = (size_t) fij; //convert to an integral index
T alpha = fij - ij; //calculate the fractional portion of the index
size_t n0j = ij * (NC); //start of the first entry in the LUT
size_t n1j = (ij+1) * (NC); //start of the second entry in the LUT
T cos_phi;
T Pl_2, Pl_1; //declare registers to store the previous two Legendre polynomials
T Pl = 1; //initialize the current value for the Legendre polynomial
T jl;
stim::complex<T> Ei = 0; //create a register to store the result
int l;
for(size_t w = 0; w < nW; w++){
cos_phi = p.norm().dot(W[w].kvec().norm()); //calculate the cosine of the angle between the k vector and the direction from the sphere
for(l = 0; l <= Nl; l++){
Pl_2 = Pl_1; //shift Pl_1 -> Pl_2 and Pl -> Pl_1
Pl_1 = Pl;
if(l == 0){ //computing Pl is done recursively, where the recursive relation
Pl = cos_phi; // requires the first two orders. This defines the second.
}
else{ //if this is not the first iteration, use the recursive relation to calculate Pl
Pl = ( (2 * (l+1) - 1) * cos_phi * Pl_1 - (l) * Pl_2 ) / (l+1);
}
jl = lerp<T>( j[n0j + l], j[n1j + l], alpha ); //read jl from the LUT and interpolate the result
Ei += W[w].E() * B[l] * jl * Pl;
}
//Ei += shared_W[w].pos(p); //evaluate the plane wave
}
E[i] += Ei; //copy the result to device memory
}
template<typename T>
void gpu_scalar_mie_scatter(stim::complex<T>* E, size_t N, T* x, T* y, T* z, stim::scalarwave<T>* W, size_t nW, T a, stim::complex<T> n, stim::complex<T>* B, T* j, T kr_min, T dkr, size_t Nl){
size_t wave_bytes = sizeof(stim::scalarwave<T>);
size_t shared_bytes = stim::sharedMemPerBlock(); //calculate the maximum amount of shared memory available
size_t array_bytes = nW * wave_bytes; //calculate the maximum number of bytes required for the planewave array
size_t max_batch = shared_bytes / wave_bytes; //calculate number of plane waves that will fit into shared memory
size_t num_batches = nW / max_batch + 1; //calculate the number of batches required to process all plane waves
size_t batch_bytes = min(nW, max_batch) * wave_bytes; //initialize the batch size (in bytes) to the maximum batch required
stim::scalarwave<T>* batch_W;
HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc(&batch_W, batch_bytes)); //allocate memory for a single batch of plane waves
int threads = stim::maxThreadsPerBlock(); //get the maximum number of threads per block for the CUDA device
dim3 blocks((unsigned)(N / threads + 1)); //calculate the optimal number of blocks
size_t batch_size; //declare a variable to store the size of the current batch
size_t waves_processed = 0; //initialize the number of waves processed to zero
while(waves_processed < nW){ //while there are still waves to be processed
batch_size = min<size_t>(max_batch, nW - waves_processed); //process either a whole batch, or whatever is left
batch_bytes = batch_size * sizeof(stim::scalarwave<T>);
HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(batch_W, W + waves_processed, batch_bytes, cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice)); //copy the plane waves into global memory
cuda_scalar_mie_scatter<T><<< blocks, threads, batch_bytes >>>(E, N, x, y, z, batch_W, batch_size, a, n, B, j, kr_min, dkr, (int)Nl); //call the kernel
waves_processed += batch_size; //increment the counter indicating how many waves have been processed
}
cudaFree(batch_W);
}
/// Calculate the scalar Mie solution for the scattered field produced by a single plane wave
/// @param E is a pointer to the destination field values
/// @param N is the number of points used to calculate the field
/// @param x is an array of x coordinates for each point, specified relative to the sphere (x = NULL assumes all zeros)
/// @param y is an array of y coordinates for each point, specified relative to the sphere (y = NULL assumes all zeros)
/// @param z is an array of z coordinates for each point, specified relative to the sphere (z = NULL assumes all zeros)
/// @param W is an array of planewaves that will be scattered
/// @param a is the radius of the sphere
/// @param n is the complex refractive index of the sphere
template<typename T>
void cpu_scalar_mie_scatter(stim::complex<T>* E, size_t N, T* x, T* y, T* z, std::vector<stim::scalarwave<T>> W, T a, stim::complex<T> n){
//calculate the necessary number of orders required to represent the scattered field
T k = W[0].kmag();
size_t Nl = ceil(k*a + 4 * cbrt( k * a ) + 2);
//calculate the scattering coefficients for the sphere
stim::complex<T>* B = (stim::complex<T>*) malloc( sizeof(stim::complex<T>) * (Nl + 1) ); //allocate space for the scattering coefficients
B_coefficients(B, a, k, n, Nl);
#ifdef __CUDACC__
stim::complex<T>* dev_E; //allocate space for the field
cudaMalloc(&dev_E, N * sizeof(stim::complex<T>));
cudaMemcpy(dev_E, E, N * sizeof(stim::complex<T>), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
//cudaMemset(dev_F, 0, N * sizeof(stim::complex<T>)); //set the field to zero (necessary because a sum is used)
// COORDINATES
T* dev_x = NULL; //allocate space and copy the X coordinate (if specified)
if(x != NULL){
HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc(&dev_x, N * sizeof(T)));
HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(dev_x, x, N * sizeof(T), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
}
T* dev_y = NULL; //allocate space and copy the Y coordinate (if specified)
if(y != NULL){
HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc(&dev_y, N * sizeof(T)));
HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(dev_y, y, N * sizeof(T), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
}
T* dev_z = NULL; //allocate space and copy the Z coordinate (if specified)
if(z != NULL){
HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc(&dev_z, N * sizeof(T)));
HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(dev_z, z, N * sizeof(T), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
}
// PLANE WAVES
stim::scalarwave<T>* dev_W; //allocate space and copy plane waves
HANDLE_ERROR( cudaMalloc(&dev_W, sizeof(stim::scalarwave<T>) * W.size()) );
HANDLE_ERROR( cudaMemcpy(dev_W, &W[0], sizeof(stim::scalarwave<T>) * W.size(), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice) );
// SCATTERING COEFFICIENTS
stim::complex<T>* dev_B;
HANDLE_ERROR( cudaMalloc(&dev_B, sizeof(stim::complex<T>) * (Nl+1)) );
HANDLE_ERROR( cudaMemcpy(dev_B, B, sizeof(stim::complex<T>) * (Nl+1), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice) );
// BESSEL FUNCTION LOOK-UP TABLE
//size_t Nlut_j = (size_t)((r_max - r_min) / r_spacing + 1); //number of values in the look-up table based on the user-specified spacing along r
size_t Nlut_j = 1024;
T r_min = 0;
T r_max = 10;
T kr_min = k * r_min;
T kr_max = k * r_max;
//temporary variables
double vm; //allocate space to store the return values for the bessel function calculation
double* jv = (double*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(double) );
double* yv = (double*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(double) );
double* djv= (double*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(double) );
double* dyv= (double*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(double) );
size_t lutj_bytes = sizeof(T) * (Nl+1) * Nlut_j;
T* bessel_lut = (T*) malloc(lutj_bytes); //pointer to the look-up table
T dkr = (kr_max - kr_min) / (Nlut_j-1); //distance between values in the LUT
std::cout<<"LUT jl bytes: "<<lutj_bytes<<std::endl;
for(size_t kri = 0; kri < Nlut_j; kri++){ //for each value in the LUT
stim::bessjyv_sph<double>(Nl, kr_min + kri * dkr, vm, jv, yv, djv, dyv); //compute the list of spherical bessel functions from [0 Nl]
for(size_t l = 0; l <= Nl; l++){ //for each order
bessel_lut[kri * (Nl + 1) + l] = (T)jv[l]; //store the bessel function result
}
}
stim::cpu2image<T>(bessel_lut, "lut.bmp", Nl+1, Nlut_j, stim::cmBrewer);
//Allocate device memory and copy everything to the GPU
T* dev_j_lut;
HANDLE_ERROR( cudaMalloc(&dev_j_lut, lutj_bytes) );
HANDLE_ERROR( cudaMemcpy(dev_j_lut, bessel_lut, lutj_bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice) );
gpu_scalar_mie_scatter<T>(dev_E, N, dev_x, dev_y, dev_z, dev_W, W.size(), a, n, dev_B, dev_j_lut, kr_min, dkr, Nl);
cudaMemcpy(E, dev_E, N * sizeof(stim::complex<T>), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost); //copy the field from device memory
if(x != NULL) cudaFree(dev_x); //free everything
if(y != NULL) cudaFree(dev_y);
if(z != NULL) cudaFree(dev_z);
cudaFree(dev_E);
#else
//allocate space to store the bessel function call results
double vm;
double* j_kr = (double*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(double) );
double* y_kr = (double*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(double) );
double* dj_kr= (double*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(double) );
double* dy_kr= (double*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(double) );
T* P = (T*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(T) );
T r, kr, cos_phi;
stim::complex<T> h;
for(size_t i = 0; i < N; i++){
stim::vec3<T> p; //declare a 3D point
(x == NULL) ? p[0] = 0 : p[0] = x[i]; // test for NULL values and set positions
(y == NULL) ? p[1] = 0 : p[1] = y[i];
(z == NULL) ? p[2] = 0 : p[2] = z[i];
r = p.len();
if(r >= a){
for(size_t w = 0; w < W.size(); w++){
kr = p.len() * W[w].kmag(); //calculate k*r
stim::bessjyv_sph<double>(Nl, kr, vm, j_kr, y_kr, dj_kr, dy_kr);
cos_phi = p.norm().dot(W[w].kvec().norm()); //calculate the cosine of the angle from the propagating direction
stim::legendre<T>(Nl, cos_phi, P);
for(size_t l = 0; l <= Nl; l++){
h.r = j_kr[l];
h.i = y_kr[l];
E[i] += W[w].E() * B[l] * h * P[l];
}
}
}
}
#endif
}
template<typename T>
void cpu_scalar_mie_scatter(stim::complex<T>* E, size_t N, T* x, T* y, T* z, stim::scalarwave<T> w, T a, stim::complex<T> n){
std::vector< stim::scalarwave<T> > W(1, w);
cpu_scalar_mie_scatter(E, N, x, y, z, W, a, n);
}
/// Calculate the scalar Mie solution for the internal field produced by a single plane wave scattered by a sphere
/// @param E is a pointer to the destination field values
/// @param N is the number of points used to calculate the field
/// @param x is an array of x coordinates for each point, specified relative to the sphere (x = NULL assumes all zeros)
/// @param y is an array of y coordinates for each point, specified relative to the sphere (y = NULL assumes all zeros)
/// @param z is an array of z coordinates for each point, specified relative to the sphere (z = NULL assumes all zeros)
/// @param w is a planewave that will be scattered
/// @param a is the radius of the sphere
/// @param n is the complex refractive index of the sphere
template<typename T>
void cpu_scalar_mie_internal(stim::complex<T>* E, size_t N, T* x, T* y, T* z, std::vector< stim::scalarwave<T> > W, T a, stim::complex<T> n){
//calculate the necessary number of orders required to represent the scattered field
T k = W[0].kmag();
size_t Nl = ceil(k*a + 4 * cbrt( k * a ) + 2);
//calculate the scattering coefficients for the sphere
stim::complex<T>* A = (stim::complex<T>*) malloc( sizeof(stim::complex<T>) * (Nl + 1) ); //allocate space for the scattering coefficients
A_coefficients(A, a, k, n, Nl);
//allocate space to store the bessel function call results
double vm;
stim::complex<double>* j_knr = (stim::complex<double>*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(stim::complex<double>) );
stim::complex<double>* y_knr = (stim::complex<double>*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(stim::complex<double>) );
stim::complex<double>* dj_knr= (stim::complex<double>*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(stim::complex<double>) );
stim::complex<double>* dy_knr= (stim::complex<double>*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(stim::complex<double>) );
T* P = (T*) malloc( (Nl + 1) * sizeof(T) );
T r, cos_phi;
stim::complex<double> knr;
stim::complex<T> h;
for(size_t i = 0; i < N; i++){
stim::vec3<T> p; //declare a 3D point
(x == NULL) ? p[0] = 0 : p[0] = x[i]; // test for NULL values and set positions
(y == NULL) ? p[1] = 0 : p[1] = y[i];
(z == NULL) ? p[2] = 0 : p[2] = z[i];
r = p.len();
if(r < a){
E[i] = 0;
for(size_t w = 0; w < W.size(); w++){
knr = (stim::complex<double>)n * p.len() * W[w].kmag(); //calculate k*n*r
stim::cbessjyva_sph<double>(Nl, knr, vm, j_knr, y_knr, dj_knr, dy_knr);
if(r == 0)
cos_phi = 0;
else
cos_phi = p.norm().dot(W[w].kvec().norm()); //calculate the cosine of the angle from the propagating direction
stim::legendre<T>(Nl, cos_phi, P);
for(size_t l = 0; l <= Nl; l++){
E[i] += W[w].E() * A[l] * (stim::complex<T>)j_knr[l] * P[l];
}
}
}
}
}
template<typename T>
void cpu_scalar_mie_internal(stim::complex<T>* E, size_t N, T* x, T* y, T* z, stim::scalarwave<T> w, T a, stim::complex<T> n){
std::vector< stim::scalarwave<T> > W(1, w);
cpu_scalar_mie_internal(E, N, x, y, z, W, a, n);
}
}
#endif